Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chondrosarcoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chondrosarcoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354197

  Chondrosarcoma treatment often involves surgery to remove the cancer. Other treatments might be recommended in certain situations. Which options are best for you depends on where your cancer is located, how quickly it’s growing, whether it has grown to involve other structures, your overall health and your preferences. […] The goal of surgery for chondrosarcoma is to remove the cancer and a margin of healthy tissue around it. The type of surgery you undergo will depend on the location of your chondrosarcoma. Options might include: […] Scraping the cancer away from the bone. Small and slow-growing chondrosarcomas in the arms and legs are sometimes treated with a procedure to scrape the cancer cells from the bone. The surgeon might apply cold gas or a chemical to kill any cancer cells that remain. The bone can be repaired with a bone graft or bone cement, if needed.

• #2 Treatments for chondrosarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/treatment/chondrosarcoma

  The following are treatment options for chondrosarcoma. Your healthcare team will suggest treatments based on your needs and work with you to make a treatment plan. […] Surgery is the main treatment for most types of chondrosarcoma. It may be used for tumours that are newly diagnosed and tumours that come back (recur). The following types of surgery may be used. […] Wide resection removes the bone tumour and a wide margin of normal bone and tissue around the tumour. This type of surgery is also called an en bloc resection. It is the most common type of surgery used for chondrosarcoma. It is used to treat a chondrosarcoma in the bones of the skull or spine, as well as in the arm, leg and pelvis. […] Curettage is a procedure where the surgeon scrapes out the tumour without removing any of the bone. This leaves a hole where the tumour was removed. After curettage, the surgeon may use cryosurgery or bone cement to kill any remaining cancer cells.

• #3 Chondrosarcoma | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/health-library/chondrosarcoma

  Treatment will depend on the size of the tumor, where it is, and its grade. It will also depend on your symptoms, age, general health, and preferences. Other things to think about are if the cancer can be removed with surgery and how your body will look and work after treatment. […] The goal for treatment of chondrosarcoma is to remove the tumor and reduce the chance that it will return. Close follow-up with your healthcare provider is needed. And tests will be done during treatment to see how well it’s working. […] Your treatment options may include: […] Surgery. This is the most common treatment for chondrosarcoma. It’s done to remove the tumor and a rim (margin) of healthy tissue around it. If the tumor is on an arm or leg, the surgeon will try to save the limb. In some cases, amputation might be needed.

• #3 Treatments for chondrosarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/treatment/chondrosarcoma

  The following are treatment options for chondrosarcoma. Your healthcare team will suggest treatments based on your needs and work with you to make a treatment plan. […] Surgery is the main treatment for most types of chondrosarcoma. It may be used for tumours that are newly diagnosed and tumours that come back (recur). The following types of surgery may be used. […] Wide resection removes the bone tumour and a wide margin of normal bone and tissue around the tumour. This type of surgery is also called an en bloc resection. It is the most common type of surgery used for chondrosarcoma. It is used to treat a chondrosarcoma in the bones of the skull or spine, as well as in the arm, leg and pelvis. […] Curettage is a procedure where the surgeon scrapes out the tumour without removing any of the bone. This leaves a hole where the tumour was removed. After curettage, the surgeon may use cryosurgery or bone cement to kill any remaining cancer cells.

• #4 Chondrosarcoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538132/

  Location and histologic grade determine the treatment approaches of chondrosarcoma. The primary treatment modality of chondrosarcoma is surgical excision. Low-grade central chondrosarcoma can be treated with intralesional curettage, burring and surgical adjuvant application such as hydrogen peroxide. […] Tumors with intraarticular or soft tissue involvement, larger tumors, axial or pelvic tumors must be treated with wide excision. For the intermediate or high-grade chondrosarcoma, wide en bloc excision is the surgical approach of choice. […] Chemotherapy is generally not efficient in conventional chondrosarcoma. However, it may have a role in dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas containing a high-grade spindle cell component. […] After incomplete resection of high-risk chondrosarcomas, radiation therapy is indicated to improve the high local failure rates. These indications include locally recurrent tumors intermediate to high-grade tumors, and tumors in locations where surgical resection is challenging or limited. Definitive radiation can also be indicated for unresectable tumors.

• #5 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  Higher-grade chondrosarcomas and all chondrosarcomas of the pelvis or axial skeleton should be surgically excised with wide margins. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, if wide margins cannot be achieved with limb salvage, consideration of amputation is recommended. […] The ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN guidelines are generally in agreement with NCCN regarding chemotherapy regimens for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and also note the following: Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is often treated as a high-grade bone sarcoma, with systemic and local therapies that need to be adapted to the patients age. […] Skull-base chondrosarcomas can be treated with high-dose radiation therapy, including proton or carbon ion beam radiation therapy. […] Doxorubicin and ifosfamide may prove active in chondrosarcoma, especially in high-grade lesions, and gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel has also been reported to be effective.

• #6 Treatments for chondrosarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/treatment/chondrosarcoma

  The following are treatment options for chondrosarcoma. Your healthcare team will suggest treatments based on your needs and work with you to make a treatment plan. […] Surgery is the main treatment for most types of chondrosarcoma. It may be used for tumours that are newly diagnosed and tumours that come back (recur). The following types of surgery may be used. […] Wide resection removes the bone tumour and a wide margin of normal bone and tissue around the tumour. This type of surgery is also called an en bloc resection. It is the most common type of surgery used for chondrosarcoma. It is used to treat a chondrosarcoma in the bones of the skull or spine, as well as in the arm, leg and pelvis. […] Curettage is a procedure where the surgeon scrapes out the tumour without removing any of the bone. This leaves a hole where the tumour was removed. After curettage, the surgeon may use cryosurgery or bone cement to kill any remaining cancer cells.

• #7 Chondrosarcoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chondrosarcoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354197

  Chondrosarcoma treatment often involves surgery to remove the cancer. Other treatments might be recommended in certain situations. Which options are best for you depends on where your cancer is located, how quickly it’s growing, whether it has grown to involve other structures, your overall health and your preferences. […] The goal of surgery for chondrosarcoma is to remove the cancer and a margin of healthy tissue around it. The type of surgery you undergo will depend on the location of your chondrosarcoma. Options might include: […] Scraping the cancer away from the bone. Small and slow-growing chondrosarcomas in the arms and legs are sometimes treated with a procedure to scrape the cancer cells from the bone. The surgeon might apply cold gas or a chemical to kill any cancer cells that remain. The bone can be repaired with a bone graft or bone cement, if needed.

• #8 Treatments for chondrosarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/treatment/chondrosarcoma

  Bone cement is a type of chemical called polymethyl methacrylate that may be used after curettage to fix the hole left in the bone. This special cement heats up as it hardens, so it kills remaining cancer cells. It may be used after curettage to treat some small, low-grade chondrosarcoma tumours. […] Limb-sparing surgery removes the tumour without removing (amputating) the whole arm or leg (the limb). Surgeons remove all of the tumour and any of the soft tissues where the bone cancer has spread. After this type of surgery, the limb is reconstructed using bone and skin grafts. Limb-sparing surgery may be used to treat chondrosarcoma in the arm, leg and pelvis. […] Amputation removes all or part of the arm or leg with the tumour. It may be done when the chondrosarcoma has grown into the nerves or blood vessels, or if the tumour is very big. Amputation may be done if the cancer comes back in the same area after limb-sparing surgery. Most people who have an amputation will use an artificial limb (prosthesis) after surgery.

• #9 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  Sarcoma European Latin-American Network (SELNET) guidelines state that atypical cartilaginous tumors/grade I chondrosarcoma of long bones can be managed with intralesional extended curettage (large cortical window, high-speed burr) with or without local adjuvant therapy (eg, phenol or cryotherapy) and reconstruction with cement or bone graft. […] Grade II and III chondrosarcoma, as well as chondrosarcomas of any grade that are located in the pelvis or axial skeleton, should be surgically excised with wide margins.

• #10 Treatments for chondrosarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/treatment/chondrosarcoma

  Bone cement is a type of chemical called polymethyl methacrylate that may be used after curettage to fix the hole left in the bone. This special cement heats up as it hardens, so it kills remaining cancer cells. It may be used after curettage to treat some small, low-grade chondrosarcoma tumours. […] Limb-sparing surgery removes the tumour without removing (amputating) the whole arm or leg (the limb). Surgeons remove all of the tumour and any of the soft tissues where the bone cancer has spread. After this type of surgery, the limb is reconstructed using bone and skin grafts. Limb-sparing surgery may be used to treat chondrosarcoma in the arm, leg and pelvis. […] Amputation removes all or part of the arm or leg with the tumour. It may be done when the chondrosarcoma has grown into the nerves or blood vessels, or if the tumour is very big. Amputation may be done if the cancer comes back in the same area after limb-sparing surgery. Most people who have an amputation will use an artificial limb (prosthesis) after surgery.

• #11 Understanding chondrosarcoma: symptoms, treatment and prognosis | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/understanding-chondrosarcoma–symptoms–treatment-and-prognosis.h00-159699123.html

  Chondrosarcoma is a rare type of bone cancer that develops in cartilage cells. It is the most common bone cancer in adults. […] Treatment for chondrosarcoma depends on several factors, including the disease stage and grade, and whether the tumor can be removed surgically. Your care team will work together to find the best treatment plan for you. […] Surgery is the most common treatment for chondrosarcoma. […] Some conventional chondrosarcomas can be cured with surgery, says Conley. […] Surgery may be a good option for someone with a primary tumor, or single site of disease, says Bird. […] We surgically remove high-grade tumors by taking it out all in one piece as well as the tissue around it to achieve negative margins, says Bird. This helps lower the chance for recurrence. […] Surgical treatment can also be more aggressive like amputation to remove a limb or a weight-bearing bone.

• #12 Treatments for chondrosarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/treatment/chondrosarcoma

  Bone cement is a type of chemical called polymethyl methacrylate that may be used after curettage to fix the hole left in the bone. This special cement heats up as it hardens, so it kills remaining cancer cells. It may be used after curettage to treat some small, low-grade chondrosarcoma tumours. […] Limb-sparing surgery removes the tumour without removing (amputating) the whole arm or leg (the limb). Surgeons remove all of the tumour and any of the soft tissues where the bone cancer has spread. After this type of surgery, the limb is reconstructed using bone and skin grafts. Limb-sparing surgery may be used to treat chondrosarcoma in the arm, leg and pelvis. […] Amputation removes all or part of the arm or leg with the tumour. It may be done when the chondrosarcoma has grown into the nerves or blood vessels, or if the tumour is very big. Amputation may be done if the cancer comes back in the same area after limb-sparing surgery. Most people who have an amputation will use an artificial limb (prosthesis) after surgery.

• #13 Chondrosarcoma | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/health-library/chondrosarcoma

  Treatment will depend on the size of the tumor, where it is, and its grade. It will also depend on your symptoms, age, general health, and preferences. Other things to think about are if the cancer can be removed with surgery and how your body will look and work after treatment. […] The goal for treatment of chondrosarcoma is to remove the tumor and reduce the chance that it will return. Close follow-up with your healthcare provider is needed. And tests will be done during treatment to see how well it’s working. […] Your treatment options may include: […] Surgery. This is the most common treatment for chondrosarcoma. It’s done to remove the tumor and a rim (margin) of healthy tissue around it. If the tumor is on an arm or leg, the surgeon will try to save the limb. In some cases, amputation might be needed.

• #14 Treatments for chondrosarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/treatment/chondrosarcoma

  Reconstructive surgery is done at the same time as surgery to remove the tumour. Bone and tissue grafts may be done to replace tissues removed during surgery. An endoprosthesis may be used to replace joints removed with surgery. […] External beam radiation therapy may be used to treat chondrosarcoma that cant be removed with surgery. It may also be used to destroy any cancer cells left behind after a wide resection or limb-sparing surgery. Radiation therapy is also used for recurrent chondrosarcoma. […] Conformal proton beam radiation therapy or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) may be used for chondrosarcoma tumours found at the base of the skull or in the spinal bones (vertebrae). […] Chemotherapy is not used for low-grade chondrosarcoma because it has not been shown to help improve survival.

• #15 Chondrosarcoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chondrosarcoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354197

  Cutting away the cancer and some healthy tissue around it. Most chondrosarcomas require a procedure to cut away more of the bone in order to remove all of the cancer. For chondrosarcoma in an arm or a leg, it might be necessary to remove the entire limb. When possible, surgeons remove the cancer in a way that preserves the limb. For example, the surgeon might remove the affected bone and replace it or reconstruct it (limb salvage surgery). […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons to kill cancer cells. During radiation therapy, you lie on a table while a machine moves around you, directing radiation to precise points on your body. […] Radiation might be recommended for chondrosarcomas located in places that make surgery tricky or if the cancer can’t be removed completely during surgery. Radiation may also be used to control cancer that spreads to other areas of the body. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It’s not often used for chondrosarcoma because this type of cancer often doesn’t respond to chemotherapy. But some fast-growing types of chondrosarcoma may respond to this treatment.

• #16 Chondrosarcoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chondrosarcoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354197

  Cutting away the cancer and some healthy tissue around it. Most chondrosarcomas require a procedure to cut away more of the bone in order to remove all of the cancer. For chondrosarcoma in an arm or a leg, it might be necessary to remove the entire limb. When possible, surgeons remove the cancer in a way that preserves the limb. For example, the surgeon might remove the affected bone and replace it or reconstruct it (limb salvage surgery). […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons to kill cancer cells. During radiation therapy, you lie on a table while a machine moves around you, directing radiation to precise points on your body. […] Radiation might be recommended for chondrosarcomas located in places that make surgery tricky or if the cancer can’t be removed completely during surgery. Radiation may also be used to control cancer that spreads to other areas of the body. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It’s not often used for chondrosarcoma because this type of cancer often doesn’t respond to chemotherapy. But some fast-growing types of chondrosarcoma may respond to this treatment.

• #17 Chondrosarcoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chondrosarcoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354197

  Cutting away the cancer and some healthy tissue around it. Most chondrosarcomas require a procedure to cut away more of the bone in order to remove all of the cancer. For chondrosarcoma in an arm or a leg, it might be necessary to remove the entire limb. When possible, surgeons remove the cancer in a way that preserves the limb. For example, the surgeon might remove the affected bone and replace it or reconstruct it (limb salvage surgery). […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons to kill cancer cells. During radiation therapy, you lie on a table while a machine moves around you, directing radiation to precise points on your body. […] Radiation might be recommended for chondrosarcomas located in places that make surgery tricky or if the cancer can’t be removed completely during surgery. Radiation may also be used to control cancer that spreads to other areas of the body. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It’s not often used for chondrosarcoma because this type of cancer often doesn’t respond to chemotherapy. But some fast-growing types of chondrosarcoma may respond to this treatment.

• #18 Chondrosarcoma | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/health-library/chondrosarcoma

  Radiation therapy. Radiation might be used after surgery to kill any cancer cells that may be left behind when the tumor was removed. It might also be used when surgery can’t be done or if the tumor comes back after treatment. […] Chemotherapy. While seldom used, it may be needed if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. It might also be used to treat some high-grade chondrosarcomas. […] Talk with your healthcare providers about your treatment options. Make a list of questions. Think about the benefits and possible side effects of each option. Discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider before making a decision. […] Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

• #19 Treatments for chondrosarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/treatment/chondrosarcoma

  Reconstructive surgery is done at the same time as surgery to remove the tumour. Bone and tissue grafts may be done to replace tissues removed during surgery. An endoprosthesis may be used to replace joints removed with surgery. […] External beam radiation therapy may be used to treat chondrosarcoma that cant be removed with surgery. It may also be used to destroy any cancer cells left behind after a wide resection or limb-sparing surgery. Radiation therapy is also used for recurrent chondrosarcoma. […] Conformal proton beam radiation therapy or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) may be used for chondrosarcoma tumours found at the base of the skull or in the spinal bones (vertebrae). […] Chemotherapy is not used for low-grade chondrosarcoma because it has not been shown to help improve survival.

• #20 Chondrosarcoma Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/chondrosarcoma

  Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor. Chondrosarcomas arise from the cartilage-producing cells around bones. […] The goal of chondrosarcoma surgery is complete tumor removal. However, the location of these tumors and their involvement with important structures may make complete removal difficult or impossible. […] The neurosurgeons at The Spine Hospital at The Neurological Institute tailor a surgical plan to each individual patient. Complete removal, when possible, may involve combined or multiple surgical procedures or approaches. Depending on the tumor location, surgical options include: anterior cervical corpectomy, cervical laminectomy, lumbar laminectomy, microsurgical tumor removal, stereotactic radiosurgery, thoracic corpectomy, thoracic laminectomy. […] Stereotactic radiosurgery, which uses a highly focused beam of radiation to target the cancer cells, may be used along with surgery. However, chondrosarcomas are notoriously resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

• #21 Treating Specific Bone Cancers | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/treating/treating-specific-bone-cancers.html

  Treatment of chondrosarcomas is based mainly on: […] Once a biopsy of the tumor confirms the diagnosis, surgery to remove the tumor is typically the first treatment. […] For low-grade chondrosarcomas confined to an arm or leg bone, curettage (intralesional excision) might be an option. […] For low-grade chondrosarcomas in other bones and for all higher-grade chondrosarcomas, more extensive surgery will likely be needed. […] Chondrosarcomas in the skull can be hard to treat. […] For tumors that are harder to remove completely, radiation therapy might be given before and/or after surgery. […] Chondrosarcoma cells aren’t killed easily by radiation, so high doses are needed. […] Chondrosarcomas that have spread to other parts of the body can be hard to treat. […] Chemotherapy (chemo) is not usually very effective against chondrosarcoma cells, so it’s not often used to treat this type of cancer.

• #22 Biology and Management of High-Grade Chondrosarcoma: An Update on Targets and Treatment Options

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1361

  In selected cases, radiotherapy may achieve encouraging results when adequate doses are delivered by conformational techniques or proton beam/carbon ion radiotherapy. Clinical trial enrollment should be actively encouraged in all patients diagnosed with advanced, surgically unresectable chondrosarcoma due to the lack of consensus treatment recommendations. […] Many medical oncologists advocate a chemotherapy treatment plan such as Ewing’s sarcoma. Radiation therapy after surgery is also typically standard practice for large tumors. Other agents, including trabectedin, may be clinically valuable. […] The efficiency of IDH1 inhibitors in other malignancies suggests that these inhibitors will be part of IDH1/2 mutated conventional CS management soon. Other treatment approaches, such as PIK3-AKT-mTOR inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, and epigenetic or immune modulators based on improving our understanding of CS molecular biology, are emerging.

• #23 Chondrosarcoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chondrosarcoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354197

  Cutting away the cancer and some healthy tissue around it. Most chondrosarcomas require a procedure to cut away more of the bone in order to remove all of the cancer. For chondrosarcoma in an arm or a leg, it might be necessary to remove the entire limb. When possible, surgeons remove the cancer in a way that preserves the limb. For example, the surgeon might remove the affected bone and replace it or reconstruct it (limb salvage surgery). […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons to kill cancer cells. During radiation therapy, you lie on a table while a machine moves around you, directing radiation to precise points on your body. […] Radiation might be recommended for chondrosarcomas located in places that make surgery tricky or if the cancer can’t be removed completely during surgery. Radiation may also be used to control cancer that spreads to other areas of the body. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It’s not often used for chondrosarcoma because this type of cancer often doesn’t respond to chemotherapy. But some fast-growing types of chondrosarcoma may respond to this treatment.

• #24 Chondrosarcoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22112-chondrosarcoma

  Chondrosarcomas are a group of rare bone cancer tumors that begin in your cartilage. The most common treatment is surgery to remove the tumors, followed by reconstructive surgery. […] The most common treatment is surgery to remove cancerous cartilage and bone. […] Most of the time, you’ll need surgery to remove the chondrosarcoma. The specific surgery will depend on your situation, including what kind of chondrosarcoma you have, the tumor location and its grade, meaning how quickly it may spread. Surgeries for chondrosarcoma include: […] If you have a rare type of chondrosarcoma like dedifferentiated or mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, you may have chemotherapy or radiation therapy before surgery to shrink the tumor, as well as after the surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. […] In some cases, surgery to remove very small, slow-growing conventional chondrosarcoma tumors may cure the condition. Based on the type of chondrosarcoma, adding chemotherapy may help cure the condition.

• #25 Treating Specific Bone Cancers | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/treating/treating-specific-bone-cancers.html

  Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is often treated like osteosarcoma, with chemo being given first, followed by surgery and then more chemo. […] Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are often treated the same way as Ewing tumors (Ewing sarcomas). […] Because chondrosarcomas can often be hard to treat, taking part in a clinical trial testing newer treatments might be an option to consider.

• #26 Biology and Management of High-Grade Chondrosarcoma: An Update on Targets and Treatment Options

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1361

  Biology and Management of High-Grade Chondrosarcoma: An Update on Targets and Treatment Options […] The standard treatment of CSs is wide en-bloc resection. CS are relatively radiotherapy resistant; therefore, doses >60 Gy are needed in an attempt to achieve local control in unresectable tumors. Chemotherapy is possibly effective in mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and is of uncertain value in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. […] Conventional chondrosarcomas are generally considered to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Complete surgical resection with wide margins is the cornerstone of primary management. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy may provide, in some studies, a survival advantage in dedifferentiated CS. […] Most often, the chemotherapy regimen is based on a combination of doxorubicin and cisplatin or ifosfamide.

• #27 Treatments for chondrosarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/treatment/chondrosarcoma

  Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma may be treated with some of the same chemotherapy drugs that are used for osteosarcoma. […] Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is an aggressive, high-grade type of chondrosarcoma. It may be treated with one of the following combinations of chemotherapy drugs: vincristine, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (Procytox), alternated with ifosfamide (Ifex) and etoposide (Vepesid) […] vincristine, doxorubicin, ifosfamide and dactinomycin (Cosmegen). […] If mesenchymal chondrosarcoma has already spread (metastasized) at the time of the diagnosis, the following drug combination may be used: vincristine, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide.

• #28 Treatments for chondrosarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/treatment/chondrosarcoma

  Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma may be treated with some of the same chemotherapy drugs that are used for osteosarcoma. […] Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is an aggressive, high-grade type of chondrosarcoma. It may be treated with one of the following combinations of chemotherapy drugs: vincristine, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (Procytox), alternated with ifosfamide (Ifex) and etoposide (Vepesid) […] vincristine, doxorubicin, ifosfamide and dactinomycin (Cosmegen). […] If mesenchymal chondrosarcoma has already spread (metastasized) at the time of the diagnosis, the following drug combination may be used: vincristine, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide.

• #29 Treating Specific Bone Cancers | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/treating/treating-specific-bone-cancers.html

  Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is often treated like osteosarcoma, with chemo being given first, followed by surgery and then more chemo. […] Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are often treated the same way as Ewing tumors (Ewing sarcomas). […] Because chondrosarcomas can often be hard to treat, taking part in a clinical trial testing newer treatments might be an option to consider.

• #30 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  NCCN recommendations for treatment of local recurrence of chondrosarcoma are as follows: Wide excision if the lesion is resectable. […] If margins are positive after wide excision, consider RT or re-resection to achieve negative surgical margins. […] RT for unresectable recurrences. […] NCCN recommendations for systemic recurrences/metastatic chondrosarcoma are as follows: Oligometastatic disease – Surgically excise all sites if possible; consider RT for unresectable sites; consider entry into a clinical trial. […] Widespread disease – Consider RT, surgery, ablative or a combination thereof for symptomatic sites; consider systemic therapy; consider entry into a clinical trial. […] European Society for Medical Oncology, European Reference Network for Paediatric Cancers, and European Network for Rare Adult Solid Cancer (ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN) guidelines recommend that low-grade central chondrosarcomas in the long bones of the limbs be managed by curettage, with or without adjuvant therapy (eg, phenol, cement, cryotherapy) and low-grade peripheral chondrosarcomas be surgically excised.

• #31 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  Sarcoma European Latin-American Network (SELNET) guidelines state that atypical cartilaginous tumors/grade I chondrosarcoma of long bones can be managed with intralesional extended curettage (large cortical window, high-speed burr) with or without local adjuvant therapy (eg, phenol or cryotherapy) and reconstruction with cement or bone graft. […] Grade II and III chondrosarcoma, as well as chondrosarcomas of any grade that are located in the pelvis or axial skeleton, should be surgically excised with wide margins.

• #32 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  Higher-grade chondrosarcomas and all chondrosarcomas of the pelvis or axial skeleton should be surgically excised with wide margins. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, if wide margins cannot be achieved with limb salvage, consideration of amputation is recommended. […] The ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN guidelines are generally in agreement with NCCN regarding chemotherapy regimens for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and also note the following: Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is often treated as a high-grade bone sarcoma, with systemic and local therapies that need to be adapted to the patients age. […] Skull-base chondrosarcomas can be treated with high-dose radiation therapy, including proton or carbon ion beam radiation therapy. […] Doxorubicin and ifosfamide may prove active in chondrosarcoma, especially in high-grade lesions, and gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel has also been reported to be effective.

• #33 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  Sarcoma European Latin-American Network (SELNET) guidelines state that atypical cartilaginous tumors/grade I chondrosarcoma of long bones can be managed with intralesional extended curettage (large cortical window, high-speed burr) with or without local adjuvant therapy (eg, phenol or cryotherapy) and reconstruction with cement or bone graft. […] Grade II and III chondrosarcoma, as well as chondrosarcomas of any grade that are located in the pelvis or axial skeleton, should be surgically excised with wide margins.

• #34 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  NCCN recommendations for treatment of chondrosarcoma are as follows: Wide excision, if the lesion is resectable; wide excision should provide negative surgical margins and may be achieved by either limb-sparing surgery or amputation. […] Radiation therapy (RT) may be considered for unresectable and borderline resectable tumors. […] Postoperative treatment with proton and/or photon beam radiation for tumors in unfavorable location. […] No established chemotherapy regimens exist for grade I-III tumors, but ivosidenib is an option for susceptible IDH1 mutations. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, treatment should follow osteosarcoma guidelines; ivosidenib may occasionally be useful. […] For mesenchymal tumor, treatment should follow Ewing sarcoma guidelines. […] For metastatic and widespread disease, dasatinib and pazopanib are recommended regimens.

• #35 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  NCCN recommendations for treatment of chondrosarcoma are as follows: Wide excision, if the lesion is resectable; wide excision should provide negative surgical margins and may be achieved by either limb-sparing surgery or amputation. […] Radiation therapy (RT) may be considered for unresectable and borderline resectable tumors. […] Postoperative treatment with proton and/or photon beam radiation for tumors in unfavorable location. […] No established chemotherapy regimens exist for grade I-III tumors, but ivosidenib is an option for susceptible IDH1 mutations. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, treatment should follow osteosarcoma guidelines; ivosidenib may occasionally be useful. […] For mesenchymal tumor, treatment should follow Ewing sarcoma guidelines. […] For metastatic and widespread disease, dasatinib and pazopanib are recommended regimens.

• #36 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  Higher-grade chondrosarcomas and all chondrosarcomas of the pelvis or axial skeleton should be surgically excised with wide margins. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, if wide margins cannot be achieved with limb salvage, consideration of amputation is recommended. […] The ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN guidelines are generally in agreement with NCCN regarding chemotherapy regimens for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and also note the following: Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is often treated as a high-grade bone sarcoma, with systemic and local therapies that need to be adapted to the patients age. […] Skull-base chondrosarcomas can be treated with high-dose radiation therapy, including proton or carbon ion beam radiation therapy. […] Doxorubicin and ifosfamide may prove active in chondrosarcoma, especially in high-grade lesions, and gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel has also been reported to be effective.

• #37 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  Higher-grade chondrosarcomas and all chondrosarcomas of the pelvis or axial skeleton should be surgically excised with wide margins. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, if wide margins cannot be achieved with limb salvage, consideration of amputation is recommended. […] The ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN guidelines are generally in agreement with NCCN regarding chemotherapy regimens for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and also note the following: Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is often treated as a high-grade bone sarcoma, with systemic and local therapies that need to be adapted to the patients age. […] Skull-base chondrosarcomas can be treated with high-dose radiation therapy, including proton or carbon ion beam radiation therapy. […] Doxorubicin and ifosfamide may prove active in chondrosarcoma, especially in high-grade lesions, and gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel has also been reported to be effective.

• #38 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  NCCN recommendations for treatment of chondrosarcoma are as follows: Wide excision, if the lesion is resectable; wide excision should provide negative surgical margins and may be achieved by either limb-sparing surgery or amputation. […] Radiation therapy (RT) may be considered for unresectable and borderline resectable tumors. […] Postoperative treatment with proton and/or photon beam radiation for tumors in unfavorable location. […] No established chemotherapy regimens exist for grade I-III tumors, but ivosidenib is an option for susceptible IDH1 mutations. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, treatment should follow osteosarcoma guidelines; ivosidenib may occasionally be useful. […] For mesenchymal tumor, treatment should follow Ewing sarcoma guidelines. […] For metastatic and widespread disease, dasatinib and pazopanib are recommended regimens.

• #39 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  Higher-grade chondrosarcomas and all chondrosarcomas of the pelvis or axial skeleton should be surgically excised with wide margins. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, if wide margins cannot be achieved with limb salvage, consideration of amputation is recommended. […] The ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN guidelines are generally in agreement with NCCN regarding chemotherapy regimens for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and also note the following: Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is often treated as a high-grade bone sarcoma, with systemic and local therapies that need to be adapted to the patients age. […] Skull-base chondrosarcomas can be treated with high-dose radiation therapy, including proton or carbon ion beam radiation therapy. […] Doxorubicin and ifosfamide may prove active in chondrosarcoma, especially in high-grade lesions, and gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel has also been reported to be effective.

• #40 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  Higher-grade chondrosarcomas and all chondrosarcomas of the pelvis or axial skeleton should be surgically excised with wide margins. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, if wide margins cannot be achieved with limb salvage, consideration of amputation is recommended. […] The ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN guidelines are generally in agreement with NCCN regarding chemotherapy regimens for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and also note the following: Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is often treated as a high-grade bone sarcoma, with systemic and local therapies that need to be adapted to the patients age. […] Skull-base chondrosarcomas can be treated with high-dose radiation therapy, including proton or carbon ion beam radiation therapy. […] Doxorubicin and ifosfamide may prove active in chondrosarcoma, especially in high-grade lesions, and gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel has also been reported to be effective.

• #41 Chondrosarcoma Symptoms and Treatment | UPMC | Pittsburgh, PA

  https://www.upmc.com/services/neurosurgery/brain/conditions/brain-tumors/chondrosarcoma

  Learn about the treatment options for Chondrosarcoma at the UPMC Pituitary Center of Excellence. […] At UPMC, the preferred surgical treatment for chondrosarcoma of the skull base is the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA). This innovative, minimally invasive technique uses the nose and nasal cavities as natural corridors to access hard-to-reach or previously inoperable tumors. Benefits of EEA include: […] Treatment options for chondrosarcomas vary based on the patient, but surgery is most common. […] Surgery is the main treatment used to remove and treat chondrosarcomas of the skull base, or petro-clival synchondrosis. […] Chondrosarcomas of the skull base may be approached directly using the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA). This state-of-the-art, minimally invasive treatment approach allows surgeons to access the tumor through the natural corridor of the nose, without making an open incision. Surgeons then remove the chondrosarcoma through the nose and nasal cavities.

• #42 Therapeutic Targets and Emerging Treatments in Advanced Chondrosarcoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8834928/

  Chondrosarcomas develop chemoresistance to standard anticancer drugs, making it difficult to control unresectable or metastatic chondrosarcomas. To improve the clinical outcomes of chondrosarcoma, new treatment approaches, such as molecule-targeting agents and immunotherapy, are needed. Recent research has revealed promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chondrosarcoma. In addition, several molecule-targeting agents have shown favorable antitumor activities in several clinical studies in patients with advanced sarcomas, including chondrosarcoma. This review summarizes recent basic studies on biomarkers and therapeutic targets and recent clinical studies on treating chondrosarcomas. […] Due to resistance to standard anticancer agents, it is difficult to control the disease progression in patients with metastatic or unresectable chondrosarcoma. Novel therapeutic approaches, such as molecule-targeting drugs and immunotherapy, are required to improve clinical outcomes in patients with advanced chondrosarcoma. Recent studies have suggested several promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chondrosarcoma, including IDH1/2 and COL2A1. Several molecule-targeting agents and immunotherapies have shown favorable antitumor activity in clinical studies in patients with advanced chondrosarcomas. This review summarizes recent basic studies on biomarkers and molecular targets and recent clinical studies on the treatment of chondrosarcomas.

• #43 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  NCCN recommendations for treatment of chondrosarcoma are as follows: Wide excision, if the lesion is resectable; wide excision should provide negative surgical margins and may be achieved by either limb-sparing surgery or amputation. […] Radiation therapy (RT) may be considered for unresectable and borderline resectable tumors. […] Postoperative treatment with proton and/or photon beam radiation for tumors in unfavorable location. […] No established chemotherapy regimens exist for grade I-III tumors, but ivosidenib is an option for susceptible IDH1 mutations. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, treatment should follow osteosarcoma guidelines; ivosidenib may occasionally be useful. […] For mesenchymal tumor, treatment should follow Ewing sarcoma guidelines. […] For metastatic and widespread disease, dasatinib and pazopanib are recommended regimens.

• #44 Will INBX-109 Launch Change Chondrosarcoma Treatment Space?

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/chondrosarcoma-treatment

  According to the ESMOs clinical practice guideline, trabectedin may be an option for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Additionally, Dasatinib and Pazopanib have shown modest efficacy in chondrosarcoma metastatic and widespread chondrosarcoma and are recommended by the NCCN guidelines. […] The fact that chondrosarcoma encompasses multiple subtypes and grades has sparked interest in investigating each one in-depth and discovering specific treatment options. […] Delivering chemotherapy to chondrosarcoma, located in the cartilage with no blood vessels, is a major challenge. […] One such chondrosarcoma drug which has shown hints of benefit for people who receive the medication is INBRX-109, being developed by Inhibrx. […] Currently, the drug is being evaluated in a potentially registration-enabling Phase II chondrosarcoma clinical trial, and the company anticipates topline data readout from this pivotal trial by the second half of 2024.

• #45 Treating Chondrosarcoma with Urgency and Compassion – CS Foundation | CS Foundation

  https://csfshayna.org/site/treating-chondrosarcoma-with-urgency-and-compassion/

  Chondrosarcoma is a rare bone and soft tissue cancer that has no established treatment protocol especially for high grade Conventional Chondrosarcoma and Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma. The only recommendation is surgical removal the tumor and that does not necessarily keep the cancer from returning or metastasizing. […] The article is also a message to the oncology community that there is a lot of work that needs to be done to find viable treatment options for Chondrosarcoma. […] In the absence of a nationally recommended treatment protocol, Shayna started off-study treatment with the multikinase inhibitor pazopanib (Votrient) 800mg per day. […] However, it was later revealed from the literature that immunotherapy was not an effective treatment for Chondrosarcoma. […] There needs to be more compassion and urgency for cancer patients trying to obtain life-saving treatment and care.

• #46 Treating Chondrosarcoma with Urgency and Compassion – CS Foundation | CS Foundation

  https://csfshayna.org/site/treating-chondrosarcoma-with-urgency-and-compassion/

  Chondrosarcoma is a rare bone and soft tissue cancer that has no established treatment protocol especially for high grade Conventional Chondrosarcoma and Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma. The only recommendation is surgical removal the tumor and that does not necessarily keep the cancer from returning or metastasizing. […] The article is also a message to the oncology community that there is a lot of work that needs to be done to find viable treatment options for Chondrosarcoma. […] In the absence of a nationally recommended treatment protocol, Shayna started off-study treatment with the multikinase inhibitor pazopanib (Votrient) 800mg per day. […] However, it was later revealed from the literature that immunotherapy was not an effective treatment for Chondrosarcoma. […] There needs to be more compassion and urgency for cancer patients trying to obtain life-saving treatment and care.

• #47

  https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2024/20020/new_advances_in_the_treatment_of_chondrosarcoma.3.aspx

  Immunotherapy research, particularly on immune checkpoint inhibition, has been ongoing in various cancers, including sarcomas. […] Moreover, in comparison to normal bones, chondrosarcoma tissues exhibit increased expression of PD-1. […] Furthermore, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a significant role in immune evasion given that their interaction downregulates the T-cell-mediated response. […] Additionally, studies have found that inhibiting the PD-1 and PD-L1 interactions promoted a remarkable antitumor effect. […] Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have significantly enhanced the specificity and potency of immune responses against cancer. […] Different monoclonal antibodies capable of blocking PD-1 (on T cells) and PD-L1 (on tumor cells) interactions have been widely used as PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. […] Current trials are investigating combined immune checkpoint blockades with anti-CTLA-4 or mTOR inhibitors for nonresectable sarcomas and other advanced tumors.

• #48

  https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2024/20020/new_advances_in_the_treatment_of_chondrosarcoma.3.aspx

  Immunotherapy research, particularly on immune checkpoint inhibition, has been ongoing in various cancers, including sarcomas. […] Moreover, in comparison to normal bones, chondrosarcoma tissues exhibit increased expression of PD-1. […] Furthermore, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a significant role in immune evasion given that their interaction downregulates the T-cell-mediated response. […] Additionally, studies have found that inhibiting the PD-1 and PD-L1 interactions promoted a remarkable antitumor effect. […] Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have significantly enhanced the specificity and potency of immune responses against cancer. […] Different monoclonal antibodies capable of blocking PD-1 (on T cells) and PD-L1 (on tumor cells) interactions have been widely used as PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. […] Current trials are investigating combined immune checkpoint blockades with anti-CTLA-4 or mTOR inhibitors for nonresectable sarcomas and other advanced tumors.

• #49 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  NCCN recommendations for treatment of local recurrence of chondrosarcoma are as follows: Wide excision if the lesion is resectable. […] If margins are positive after wide excision, consider RT or re-resection to achieve negative surgical margins. […] RT for unresectable recurrences. […] NCCN recommendations for systemic recurrences/metastatic chondrosarcoma are as follows: Oligometastatic disease – Surgically excise all sites if possible; consider RT for unresectable sites; consider entry into a clinical trial. […] Widespread disease – Consider RT, surgery, ablative or a combination thereof for symptomatic sites; consider systemic therapy; consider entry into a clinical trial. […] European Society for Medical Oncology, European Reference Network for Paediatric Cancers, and European Network for Rare Adult Solid Cancer (ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN) guidelines recommend that low-grade central chondrosarcomas in the long bones of the limbs be managed by curettage, with or without adjuvant therapy (eg, phenol, cement, cryotherapy) and low-grade peripheral chondrosarcomas be surgically excised.

• #50 SSA – POMS: DI 23022.705 – Chondrosarcoma—with multimodal therapy – 08/31/2020

  https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/poms.nsf/lnx/0423022705

  Chondrosarcoma with multimodal therapy indicates that the response to treatment has been poor and requires a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy before or after surgery. […] Surgery is the main treatment. Doctors may also use adjuvant chemotherapy if the cancer has spread. Recurrent chondrosarcoma may require surgery and radiation, and perhaps ablation treatments (e.g., liquid nitrogen or heating probes) to remove residual tumor. […] Chondrosarcoma in adults treated with multimodal therapy meets 13.11 D without regard to effectiveness of treatment.

• #51 Chondrosarcoma | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/health-library/chondrosarcoma

  Treatment will depend on the size of the tumor, where it is, and its grade. It will also depend on your symptoms, age, general health, and preferences. Other things to think about are if the cancer can be removed with surgery and how your body will look and work after treatment. […] The goal for treatment of chondrosarcoma is to remove the tumor and reduce the chance that it will return. Close follow-up with your healthcare provider is needed. And tests will be done during treatment to see how well it’s working. […] Your treatment options may include: […] Surgery. This is the most common treatment for chondrosarcoma. It’s done to remove the tumor and a rim (margin) of healthy tissue around it. If the tumor is on an arm or leg, the surgeon will try to save the limb. In some cases, amputation might be needed.

• #52 Chondrosarcoma Recovery | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/chondrosarcoma/survival/recovery-outlook8822

  Yes, chondrosarcoma is considered a serious disease. It is a type of bone cancer that can grow and spread if not treated appropriately. […] Although some people with chondrosarcoma may have a localized tumor that can be successfully treated with surgery, others may have more advanced disease that requires more intensive treatment, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] The goal of treatment for chondrosarcoma is to remove the cancerous tissue and prevent it from spreading to other parts of the body. […] In cases of localized chondrosarcoma, where the cancer is only in one area, surgical removal of the tumor is typically the first line of treatment. […] In some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended after surgery to help prevent the cancer from coming back.

• #53 Treating Specific Bone Cancers | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/treating/treating-specific-bone-cancers.html

  Treatment of chondrosarcomas is based mainly on: […] Once a biopsy of the tumor confirms the diagnosis, surgery to remove the tumor is typically the first treatment. […] For low-grade chondrosarcomas confined to an arm or leg bone, curettage (intralesional excision) might be an option. […] For low-grade chondrosarcomas in other bones and for all higher-grade chondrosarcomas, more extensive surgery will likely be needed. […] Chondrosarcomas in the skull can be hard to treat. […] For tumors that are harder to remove completely, radiation therapy might be given before and/or after surgery. […] Chondrosarcoma cells aren’t killed easily by radiation, so high doses are needed. […] Chondrosarcomas that have spread to other parts of the body can be hard to treat. […] Chemotherapy (chemo) is not usually very effective against chondrosarcoma cells, so it’s not often used to treat this type of cancer.

• #54 Treating Specific Bone Cancers | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/treating/treating-specific-bone-cancers.html

  Treatment of chondrosarcomas is based mainly on: […] Once a biopsy of the tumor confirms the diagnosis, surgery to remove the tumor is typically the first treatment. […] For low-grade chondrosarcomas confined to an arm or leg bone, curettage (intralesional excision) might be an option. […] For low-grade chondrosarcomas in other bones and for all higher-grade chondrosarcomas, more extensive surgery will likely be needed. […] Chondrosarcomas in the skull can be hard to treat. […] For tumors that are harder to remove completely, radiation therapy might be given before and/or after surgery. […] Chondrosarcoma cells aren’t killed easily by radiation, so high doses are needed. […] Chondrosarcomas that have spread to other parts of the body can be hard to treat. […] Chemotherapy (chemo) is not usually very effective against chondrosarcoma cells, so it’s not often used to treat this type of cancer.

• #55 Chondrosarcoma | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/bones-joints-and-muscles/chondrosarcoma.html

  Our Sarcoma Program team evaluates your symptoms and recommends treatment, usually beginning with surgery, to remove tumors and destroy any remaining cancer cells. […] Our world-renowned orthopaedic cancer specialists deliver personalized care, including advanced tumor surgery, for complex cancers like chondrosarcoma. […] Surgery is the primary treatment for chondrosarcoma, as it is for most bone cancers. Surgery aims to remove the tumor and all cancer cells to prevent the cancer from progressing. […] Surgical treatments for chondrosarcoma include: […] Depending on your individual diagnosis, your Stanford team may recommend additional cancer treatments before, after, or along with surgery. Your doctors design a personalized treatment plan to give you the best possible outlook and quality of life. Your treatment may include: […] Chemotherapy uses one or more medications to target and destroy cancer cells throughout your body. […] Targeted therapy drugs lock onto specific cancer cells to destroy or disable them. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells.

• #56 Treatments for chondrosarcoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/treatment/chondrosarcoma

  Bone cement is a type of chemical called polymethyl methacrylate that may be used after curettage to fix the hole left in the bone. This special cement heats up as it hardens, so it kills remaining cancer cells. It may be used after curettage to treat some small, low-grade chondrosarcoma tumours. […] Limb-sparing surgery removes the tumour without removing (amputating) the whole arm or leg (the limb). Surgeons remove all of the tumour and any of the soft tissues where the bone cancer has spread. After this type of surgery, the limb is reconstructed using bone and skin grafts. Limb-sparing surgery may be used to treat chondrosarcoma in the arm, leg and pelvis. […] Amputation removes all or part of the arm or leg with the tumour. It may be done when the chondrosarcoma has grown into the nerves or blood vessels, or if the tumour is very big. Amputation may be done if the cancer comes back in the same area after limb-sparing surgery. Most people who have an amputation will use an artificial limb (prosthesis) after surgery.

• #57 Chondrosarcoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chondrosarcoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354197

  Cutting away the cancer and some healthy tissue around it. Most chondrosarcomas require a procedure to cut away more of the bone in order to remove all of the cancer. For chondrosarcoma in an arm or a leg, it might be necessary to remove the entire limb. When possible, surgeons remove the cancer in a way that preserves the limb. For example, the surgeon might remove the affected bone and replace it or reconstruct it (limb salvage surgery). […] Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons to kill cancer cells. During radiation therapy, you lie on a table while a machine moves around you, directing radiation to precise points on your body. […] Radiation might be recommended for chondrosarcomas located in places that make surgery tricky or if the cancer can’t be removed completely during surgery. Radiation may also be used to control cancer that spreads to other areas of the body. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It’s not often used for chondrosarcoma because this type of cancer often doesn’t respond to chemotherapy. But some fast-growing types of chondrosarcoma may respond to this treatment.

• #58 Chondrosarcoma | Bone Cancer Research Trust

  https://www.bcrt.org.uk/information/information-by-type/chondrosarcoma/

  Surgery for low grade chondrosarcoma can be treated by different surgical techniques: either a wide resection (which involves cutting out the tumour plus the tissue directly next to the tumour) or a procedure called curettage (which involves scraping the tumour cells out of the bone) followed by adjuvant treatment such as cryosurgery (which means using liquid nitrogen to freeze out any remaining cancer cells), or high speed burring of the cavity. […] Surgery for high grade chondrosarcoma will depend on the size and location of the tumour. […] Radiotherapy is not very effective as a treatment in the majority of patients with chondrosarcoma. […] However, there are times when radiotherapy is used: When chondrosarcomas are difficult to remove surgically, as a treatment for mesenchymal or dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, and to decrease pain and discomfort when a patient’s cancer is advanced and unable to be cured.

• #59 Chondrosarcoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538132/

  Location and histologic grade determine the treatment approaches of chondrosarcoma. The primary treatment modality of chondrosarcoma is surgical excision. Low-grade central chondrosarcoma can be treated with intralesional curettage, burring and surgical adjuvant application such as hydrogen peroxide. […] Tumors with intraarticular or soft tissue involvement, larger tumors, axial or pelvic tumors must be treated with wide excision. For the intermediate or high-grade chondrosarcoma, wide en bloc excision is the surgical approach of choice. […] Chemotherapy is generally not efficient in conventional chondrosarcoma. However, it may have a role in dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas containing a high-grade spindle cell component. […] After incomplete resection of high-risk chondrosarcomas, radiation therapy is indicated to improve the high local failure rates. These indications include locally recurrent tumors intermediate to high-grade tumors, and tumors in locations where surgical resection is challenging or limited. Definitive radiation can also be indicated for unresectable tumors.

• #60 Chondrosarcoma | Bone Cancer Research Trust

  https://www.bcrt.org.uk/information/information-by-type/chondrosarcoma/

  Chemotherapy is not usually used as a treatment for chondrosarcoma, as the tumours are resistant to the chemotherapy drugs, meaning that chemotherapy is not effective. […] However, chemotherapy is sometimes used for patients with mesenchymal or dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, as these tumour sub-types seem to respond better than conventional chondrosarcomas. […] Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) is a type of radiotherapy that uses beams of ‘protons’ (energised particles), instead of beams of X-rays (photons), that are used in conventional radiotherapy. […] Research is needed to find better treatments for chondrosarcoma because chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not normally effective on these tumours.

• #61 Chondrosarcoma | Bone Cancer Research Trust

  https://www.bcrt.org.uk/information/information-by-type/chondrosarcoma/

  Chemotherapy is not usually used as a treatment for chondrosarcoma, as the tumours are resistant to the chemotherapy drugs, meaning that chemotherapy is not effective. […] However, chemotherapy is sometimes used for patients with mesenchymal or dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, as these tumour sub-types seem to respond better than conventional chondrosarcomas. […] Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) is a type of radiotherapy that uses beams of ‘protons’ (energised particles), instead of beams of X-rays (photons), that are used in conventional radiotherapy. […] Research is needed to find better treatments for chondrosarcoma because chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not normally effective on these tumours.

• #62 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  NCCN recommendations for treatment of chondrosarcoma are as follows: Wide excision, if the lesion is resectable; wide excision should provide negative surgical margins and may be achieved by either limb-sparing surgery or amputation. […] Radiation therapy (RT) may be considered for unresectable and borderline resectable tumors. […] Postoperative treatment with proton and/or photon beam radiation for tumors in unfavorable location. […] No established chemotherapy regimens exist for grade I-III tumors, but ivosidenib is an option for susceptible IDH1 mutations. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, treatment should follow osteosarcoma guidelines; ivosidenib may occasionally be useful. […] For mesenchymal tumor, treatment should follow Ewing sarcoma guidelines. […] For metastatic and widespread disease, dasatinib and pazopanib are recommended regimens.

• #63 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  NCCN recommendations for treatment of chondrosarcoma are as follows: Wide excision, if the lesion is resectable; wide excision should provide negative surgical margins and may be achieved by either limb-sparing surgery or amputation. […] Radiation therapy (RT) may be considered for unresectable and borderline resectable tumors. […] Postoperative treatment with proton and/or photon beam radiation for tumors in unfavorable location. […] No established chemotherapy regimens exist for grade I-III tumors, but ivosidenib is an option for susceptible IDH1 mutations. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, treatment should follow osteosarcoma guidelines; ivosidenib may occasionally be useful. […] For mesenchymal tumor, treatment should follow Ewing sarcoma guidelines. […] For metastatic and widespread disease, dasatinib and pazopanib are recommended regimens.

• #64 Chondrosarcoma Guidelines: NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma, SELNET Guidelines for Treatment of Chondrosarcoma

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-guidelines

  NCCN recommendations for treatment of chondrosarcoma are as follows: Wide excision, if the lesion is resectable; wide excision should provide negative surgical margins and may be achieved by either limb-sparing surgery or amputation. […] Radiation therapy (RT) may be considered for unresectable and borderline resectable tumors. […] Postoperative treatment with proton and/or photon beam radiation for tumors in unfavorable location. […] No established chemotherapy regimens exist for grade I-III tumors, but ivosidenib is an option for susceptible IDH1 mutations. […] For dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, treatment should follow osteosarcoma guidelines; ivosidenib may occasionally be useful. […] For mesenchymal tumor, treatment should follow Ewing sarcoma guidelines. […] For metastatic and widespread disease, dasatinib and pazopanib are recommended regimens.

• #65

  https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2024/20020/new_advances_in_the_treatment_of_chondrosarcoma.3.aspx

  Limited treatment options are available for patients with highly metastatic or unresectable chondrosarcomas. Among the novel therapies proposed for these diseases, immunotherapy and molecularly targeted drugs show promise in treating malignancies. […] Therefore, the current review synthesizes available data on currently used chondrosarcoma treatment options and comprehensive and advanced information pertaining to PD-1/PD-L1 pathway-based therapies for treating chondrosarcoma. […] Treatment options for chondrosarcoma remain significantly scarce and exhibit limited therapeutic efficacy. Among the few available treatment options, surgery, extracorporeal irradiation (ECI), chemotherapy, and targeted therapies are the most prominent options. […] Surgery is the main treatment option for chondrosarcoma, with comprehensive excision as its primary aim. […] The most ideal approach for chondrosarcoma, either high-grade or intermediate-grade, is radical excision. […] Although certain surgical procedures, including curettage, have been proposed for low-grade chondrosarcoma management, they tend to have high recurrence rates.

• #66

  https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2024/20020/new_advances_in_the_treatment_of_chondrosarcoma.3.aspx

  The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a strategy for regulating the immune system has opened new treatment options for patients with advanced cancer. […] However, not all patients with advanced cancer have shown improvement from PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, with only a small percentage of patients exhibiting a response. […] Consequently, combining other immune checkpoint pathway inhibitors has been explored as a potential strategy to enhance treatment sensitivity. […] Chondrosarcoma is a common malignant bone tumor originating from chondrocytes that is characterized by endogenous cartilage ossification within the tumor tissue. […] However, among the various novel therapies proposed, immunotherapy and molecularly targeted drugs have shown remarkable potential for the treatment of human malignancies. […] Thus, to enhance clinical outcomes in patients with advanced chondrosarcoma, several novel approaches, including immunotherapy and targeted molecular drugs, are necessary.

• #67

  https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2024/20020/new_advances_in_the_treatment_of_chondrosarcoma.3.aspx

  The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a strategy for regulating the immune system has opened new treatment options for patients with advanced cancer. […] However, not all patients with advanced cancer have shown improvement from PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, with only a small percentage of patients exhibiting a response. […] Consequently, combining other immune checkpoint pathway inhibitors has been explored as a potential strategy to enhance treatment sensitivity. […] Chondrosarcoma is a common malignant bone tumor originating from chondrocytes that is characterized by endogenous cartilage ossification within the tumor tissue. […] However, among the various novel therapies proposed, immunotherapy and molecularly targeted drugs have shown remarkable potential for the treatment of human malignancies. […] Thus, to enhance clinical outcomes in patients with advanced chondrosarcoma, several novel approaches, including immunotherapy and targeted molecular drugs, are necessary.

• #68

  https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2024/20020/new_advances_in_the_treatment_of_chondrosarcoma.3.aspx

  Immunotherapy research, particularly on immune checkpoint inhibition, has been ongoing in various cancers, including sarcomas. […] Moreover, in comparison to normal bones, chondrosarcoma tissues exhibit increased expression of PD-1. […] Furthermore, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a significant role in immune evasion given that their interaction downregulates the T-cell-mediated response. […] Additionally, studies have found that inhibiting the PD-1 and PD-L1 interactions promoted a remarkable antitumor effect. […] Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have significantly enhanced the specificity and potency of immune responses against cancer. […] Different monoclonal antibodies capable of blocking PD-1 (on T cells) and PD-L1 (on tumor cells) interactions have been widely used as PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. […] Current trials are investigating combined immune checkpoint blockades with anti-CTLA-4 or mTOR inhibitors for nonresectable sarcomas and other advanced tumors.

• #69 Chondrosarcoma – New insights in 2023

  https://oncodaily.com/oncolibrary/cancer-types/79627

  Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. However, it is generally not effective for most types of chondrosarcoma. Chemotherapy may be used for certain aggressive subtypes like mesenchymal and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas, which are more likely to respond to these drugs. […] Research is ongoing to find new and more effective treatments for chondrosarcoma. Some of the promising areas of research include: […] Targeted therapy: Drugs that specifically target genetic mutations found in chondrosarcoma cells, such as IDH1 and IDH2 inhibitors. […] Immunotherapy: Treatments that boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.

• #70

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40487-024-00317-z

  Given the central role of mutant IDH in producing 2-HG, the inhibition of mutant IDH enzymes represents a promising therapeutic strategy. […] Another class of therapeutic agents that has garnered interest are DR5 agonists. […] Despite promising preclinical results, development of these DR5 agonists (e.g. conatumumab, tigatuzumab and drozitumab) were often cut short due to suboptimal clinical outcomes and concerns about toxicity, especially in organs where TRAIL receptors are also expressed. […] Since INBRX-109 has shown promise as a monotherapy with reduced off-site toxicity, it is crucial that clinical trials also investigate the potential benefits of combination therapies with agents such as IDH inhibitors, chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

• #71 Biology and Management of High-Grade Chondrosarcoma: An Update on Targets and Treatment Options

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1361

  In selected cases, radiotherapy may achieve encouraging results when adequate doses are delivered by conformational techniques or proton beam/carbon ion radiotherapy. Clinical trial enrollment should be actively encouraged in all patients diagnosed with advanced, surgically unresectable chondrosarcoma due to the lack of consensus treatment recommendations. […] Many medical oncologists advocate a chemotherapy treatment plan such as Ewing’s sarcoma. Radiation therapy after surgery is also typically standard practice for large tumors. Other agents, including trabectedin, may be clinically valuable. […] The efficiency of IDH1 inhibitors in other malignancies suggests that these inhibitors will be part of IDH1/2 mutated conventional CS management soon. Other treatment approaches, such as PIK3-AKT-mTOR inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, and epigenetic or immune modulators based on improving our understanding of CS molecular biology, are emerging.

• #72

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40487-024-00317-z

  Given the central role of mutant IDH in producing 2-HG, the inhibition of mutant IDH enzymes represents a promising therapeutic strategy. […] Another class of therapeutic agents that has garnered interest are DR5 agonists. […] Despite promising preclinical results, development of these DR5 agonists (e.g. conatumumab, tigatuzumab and drozitumab) were often cut short due to suboptimal clinical outcomes and concerns about toxicity, especially in organs where TRAIL receptors are also expressed. […] Since INBRX-109 has shown promise as a monotherapy with reduced off-site toxicity, it is crucial that clinical trials also investigate the potential benefits of combination therapies with agents such as IDH inhibitors, chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

• #73

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40487-024-00317-z

  Given the central role of mutant IDH in producing 2-HG, the inhibition of mutant IDH enzymes represents a promising therapeutic strategy. […] Another class of therapeutic agents that has garnered interest are DR5 agonists. […] Despite promising preclinical results, development of these DR5 agonists (e.g. conatumumab, tigatuzumab and drozitumab) were often cut short due to suboptimal clinical outcomes and concerns about toxicity, especially in organs where TRAIL receptors are also expressed. […] Since INBRX-109 has shown promise as a monotherapy with reduced off-site toxicity, it is crucial that clinical trials also investigate the potential benefits of combination therapies with agents such as IDH inhibitors, chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

• #74

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40487-024-00317-z

  Given the central role of mutant IDH in producing 2-HG, the inhibition of mutant IDH enzymes represents a promising therapeutic strategy. […] Another class of therapeutic agents that has garnered interest are DR5 agonists. […] Despite promising preclinical results, development of these DR5 agonists (e.g. conatumumab, tigatuzumab and drozitumab) were often cut short due to suboptimal clinical outcomes and concerns about toxicity, especially in organs where TRAIL receptors are also expressed. […] Since INBRX-109 has shown promise as a monotherapy with reduced off-site toxicity, it is crucial that clinical trials also investigate the potential benefits of combination therapies with agents such as IDH inhibitors, chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

• #75 Biology and Management of High-Grade Chondrosarcoma: An Update on Targets and Treatment Options

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1361

  In selected cases, radiotherapy may achieve encouraging results when adequate doses are delivered by conformational techniques or proton beam/carbon ion radiotherapy. Clinical trial enrollment should be actively encouraged in all patients diagnosed with advanced, surgically unresectable chondrosarcoma due to the lack of consensus treatment recommendations. […] Many medical oncologists advocate a chemotherapy treatment plan such as Ewing’s sarcoma. Radiation therapy after surgery is also typically standard practice for large tumors. Other agents, including trabectedin, may be clinically valuable. […] The efficiency of IDH1 inhibitors in other malignancies suggests that these inhibitors will be part of IDH1/2 mutated conventional CS management soon. Other treatment approaches, such as PIK3-AKT-mTOR inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, and epigenetic or immune modulators based on improving our understanding of CS molecular biology, are emerging.

• #76 Treating Specific Bone Cancers | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/treating/treating-specific-bone-cancers.html

  Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is often treated like osteosarcoma, with chemo being given first, followed by surgery and then more chemo. […] Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are often treated the same way as Ewing tumors (Ewing sarcomas). […] Because chondrosarcomas can often be hard to treat, taking part in a clinical trial testing newer treatments might be an option to consider.

• #77 Will INBX-109 Launch Change Chondrosarcoma Treatment Space?

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/chondrosarcoma-treatment

  According to the ESMOs clinical practice guideline, trabectedin may be an option for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Additionally, Dasatinib and Pazopanib have shown modest efficacy in chondrosarcoma metastatic and widespread chondrosarcoma and are recommended by the NCCN guidelines. […] The fact that chondrosarcoma encompasses multiple subtypes and grades has sparked interest in investigating each one in-depth and discovering specific treatment options. […] Delivering chemotherapy to chondrosarcoma, located in the cartilage with no blood vessels, is a major challenge. […] One such chondrosarcoma drug which has shown hints of benefit for people who receive the medication is INBRX-109, being developed by Inhibrx. […] Currently, the drug is being evaluated in a potentially registration-enabling Phase II chondrosarcoma clinical trial, and the company anticipates topline data readout from this pivotal trial by the second half of 2024.

• #78 UCSF Chondrosarcoma Clinical Trials for 2025 — San Francisco Bay Area

  https://clinicaltrials.ucsf.edu/chondrosarcoma

  Chondrosarcoma is a cancer that grows in the cartilage of bones. UCSF is studying a new treatment called INBRX-109 for those with difficult-to-treat chondrosarcoma. The trial involves a comparison between the drug and a placebo. […] Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, Phase 2 study of INBRX-109 in unresectable or metastatic conventional chondrosarcoma patients. […] This randomized phase II/III trial studies how well pazopanib, when combined with chemotherapy and radiation therapy or radiation therapy alone, work in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas that can eventually be removed by surgery. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as ifosfamide and doxorubicin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Pazopanib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. It is not yet known whether these therapies can be safely combined and if they work better when given together in treating patients with non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas.

• #79 Chondrosarcoma | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/chondrosarcoma

  Reconstruction may include: Joint replacement if your child’s chondrosarcoma is located on or near the knee, hip or shoulder. […] Chemotherapy refers to medicines that help fight cancer. It is generally not effective at treating chondrosarcoma and therefore not routinely used at CHOP. […] Depending on your child’s individual situation, radiation therapy may be recommended. The radiation destroys or damages cancer cells so they cannot grow or spread. […] We offer pediatric proton therapy in collaboration with Penn Medicine at the Roberts Proton Therapy Center. […] After surgery, your child may require pain medication until the surgical site heals and ongoing physical therapy. […] Your child will see the orthopedic surgeon about one to two weeks after surgery, then again every three months for two years post-surgery. […] Long-term outcomes for children with chondrosarcoma are varied and depend on the size, location and grade of the tumor (determined at the time of surgery); age and overall health of your child; and how your child responded to treatment.

• #80 Chondrosarcoma | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/health-information/health-and-wellness-library/article/adult-diseases-and-conditions-v0/chondrosarcoma

  Treatment for chondrosarcoma will depend on your symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. […] The goal for treatment of chondrosarcoma is to remove the mass and reduce the likelihood that it will return. Close follow-up with your healthcare provider may be needed. Treatment may include: […] Surgery. The tumor is removed. If the tumor is on an arm or leg, the surgeon will try to save the limb. In some cases, amputation might be needed. […] Physical therapy. This treatment helps to regain strength and use of the affected area after surgery. […] Radiation therapy. Radiation might be given at high doses. […] Chemotherapy. This is not the main treatment. But it may be needed if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

• #81 Chondrosarcoma Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Surgical Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1258236-treatment

  Guidelines for treatment of chondrosarcoma have been developed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) […] Radiotherapy and chemotherapy play limited roles in primary treatment. An exception is their use as adjuvant therapy or palliative treatment in surgically inaccessible areas. […] Surgery is the primary treatment for any chondrosarcoma. Complete, wide surgical excision of the chondrosarcoma is the preferred method when it is feasible. […] Regular follow-up is required to rule out local recurrences of chondrosarcoma and distant metastases. Regular follow-up clinical evaluations and radiologic investigations are required.

• #82 Chondrosarcoma | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/chondrosarcoma

  Reconstruction may include: Joint replacement if your child’s chondrosarcoma is located on or near the knee, hip or shoulder. […] Chemotherapy refers to medicines that help fight cancer. It is generally not effective at treating chondrosarcoma and therefore not routinely used at CHOP. […] Depending on your child’s individual situation, radiation therapy may be recommended. The radiation destroys or damages cancer cells so they cannot grow or spread. […] We offer pediatric proton therapy in collaboration with Penn Medicine at the Roberts Proton Therapy Center. […] After surgery, your child may require pain medication until the surgical site heals and ongoing physical therapy. […] Your child will see the orthopedic surgeon about one to two weeks after surgery, then again every three months for two years post-surgery. […] Long-term outcomes for children with chondrosarcoma are varied and depend on the size, location and grade of the tumor (determined at the time of surgery); age and overall health of your child; and how your child responded to treatment.

• #83 Chondrosarcoma | Sarcoma UK

  https://sarcoma.org.uk/about-sarcoma/what-is-sarcoma/types-of-sarcoma/chondrosarcoma/

  Chondrosarcoma is a type of bone cancer, also known as a bone sarcoma. It develops in the cells that make cartilage for the bones. […] The most effective treatment for chondrosarcoma is surgery. The type of surgery you have depends on where the cancer is and how far it has spread. […] There are 2 main types of surgery for the limbs: limb-sparing surgery and amputation. […] Limb-sparing surgery involves taking out the affected part of the bone and replacing it with a bone graft or metal prosthetic limb. […] Amputation is the removal of part or all of an arm or leg. Amputation is only used if limb-sparing surgery is not possible. […] Surgery in the trunk is more complex as the tumour may be near your organs. Surgery might involve removing part of the affected bone or organ. […] In some cases, you may also have chemotherapy or radiotherapy. These treatments could be used before or after surgery to treat chondrosarcoma. […] After treatment for chondrosarcoma, you might benefit from support from rehabilitation services. […] After your treatment has finished, you will have follow-up appointments for a few years to check how well you are recovering, or to check if your chondrosarcoma has come back.

• #84 Childhood Chondrosarcoma | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/childhood-chondrosarcoma

  Chemotherapy: These medicines can help stop the growth of abnormal cells throughout the body. […] Every child is unique, and we determine treatment and prognosis to your child’s needs. Prompt medical attention and aggressive therapy are essential for the best prognosis. […] Children treated for chondrosarcoma should visit our pediatric cancer survivorship program every year to manage disease complications, screen for early recurrence of cancer, and manage late effects of treatment.

• #85 Chondrosarcoma – New insights in 2023

  https://oncodaily.com/oncolibrary/cancer-types/79627

  Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. However, it is generally not effective for most types of chondrosarcoma. Chemotherapy may be used for certain aggressive subtypes like mesenchymal and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas, which are more likely to respond to these drugs. […] Research is ongoing to find new and more effective treatments for chondrosarcoma. Some of the promising areas of research include: […] Targeted therapy: Drugs that specifically target genetic mutations found in chondrosarcoma cells, such as IDH1 and IDH2 inhibitors. […] Immunotherapy: Treatments that boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.

• #86

  https://www.orthobullets.com/pathology/8023/chondrosarcoma

  grade 1 chondrosarcoma: […] rare after wide resection with negative margins […] 5-15% after curettage with adjuvant treatment […] grade 2 chondrosarcoma: […] varies depending on resection margins […] grade 3 chondrosarcoma: […] 25% local recurrence rate and 30% rate of metastasis […] Histologic grade and subtype correlates with survival […] Grade I […] 90% 5-year survival […] Grade II […] 60-70% 5-year survival […] Grade III […] 30-50% 5-year survival […] De-differentiated chondrosarcoma […] 20% 5-year survival […] referral to orthopedic oncologist is necessary for best prognosis.

• #87 Chondrosarcoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22112-chondrosarcoma

  Chondrosarcomas are a group of rare bone cancer tumors that begin in your cartilage. The most common treatment is surgery to remove the tumors, followed by reconstructive surgery. […] The most common treatment is surgery to remove cancerous cartilage and bone. […] Most of the time, you’ll need surgery to remove the chondrosarcoma. The specific surgery will depend on your situation, including what kind of chondrosarcoma you have, the tumor location and its grade, meaning how quickly it may spread. Surgeries for chondrosarcoma include: […] If you have a rare type of chondrosarcoma like dedifferentiated or mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, you may have chemotherapy or radiation therapy before surgery to shrink the tumor, as well as after the surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. […] In some cases, surgery to remove very small, slow-growing conventional chondrosarcoma tumors may cure the condition. Based on the type of chondrosarcoma, adding chemotherapy may help cure the condition.

• #88 Chondrosarcoma | Tampa General Hospital

  https://www.tgh.org/institutes-and-services/conditions/chondrosarcoma

  When possible, the main form of treatment for chondrosarcoma is surgery to remove the tumor along with a slim margin of surrounding healthy tissue. If the cancer is slow-growing and located in an arm or leg, a surgeon may scrape the tumor away from the bone and then apply a chemical or cold gas to help destroy any remaining cancer cells. If needed, the bone may be repaired with a graft or special cement. […] To address a more extensive tumor, a surgeon may cut away a portion of the affected bone. If the cancer is in an arm or leg, limb-preserving surgery may be an alternative to removing the entire limb. Other treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy and clinical trials. […] When diagnosed at a localized stage before the cancer has spread to nearby tissues or metastasized to distant organs the five-year chondrosarcoma survival rate is 91%.

• #89 Chondrosarcoma Recovery | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/chondrosarcoma/survival/recovery-outlook8822

  For advanced chondrosarcoma, when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy may be recommended. […] However, chondrosarcoma may not be completely curable in all patients. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are typically associated with better outcomes; therefore, it is important to get any unusual growth or symptom checked out by your doctor.

• #90

  https://journals.lww.com/cancerjournal/fulltext/2024/20020/new_advances_in_the_treatment_of_chondrosarcoma.3.aspx

  Chondrogenic tumors are typically radioresistant due to their slow growth and low proportion of actively dividing cells, making radiation-induced cytotoxicity a substantial concern. […] No level one evidence has supported radiation therapy for chondrosarcoma, although it can improve local failure rates after incomplete excision. […] Moreover, radiation therapy can be administered with the intention of maximizing local control and potentially achieving a cure in cases where incomplete resection has been performed for high-grade conventional, dedifferentiated, or mesenchymal chondrosarcomas. […] Typically, chemotherapy remains a rather inefficient therapeutic approach for treating the most rampant conventional chondrosarcoma subtypes. […] Adjuvant chemotherapy has shown no proven benefits for advanced chondrosarcoma. […] Nonetheless, some chondrosarcoma subtypes, including dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas with a high-grade spindle cell component, may benefit from chemotherapy. […] However, evidence shows that chemotherapy is inefficient for conventional central and clear chondrosarcoma.

• #91 Chondrosarcoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22112-chondrosarcoma

  Chondrosarcomas are a group of rare bone cancer tumors that begin in your cartilage. The most common treatment is surgery to remove the tumors, followed by reconstructive surgery. […] The most common treatment is surgery to remove cancerous cartilage and bone. […] Most of the time, you’ll need surgery to remove the chondrosarcoma. The specific surgery will depend on your situation, including what kind of chondrosarcoma you have, the tumor location and its grade, meaning how quickly it may spread. Surgeries for chondrosarcoma include: […] If you have a rare type of chondrosarcoma like dedifferentiated or mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, you may have chemotherapy or radiation therapy before surgery to shrink the tumor, as well as after the surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. […] In some cases, surgery to remove very small, slow-growing conventional chondrosarcoma tumors may cure the condition. Based on the type of chondrosarcoma, adding chemotherapy may help cure the condition.

• #92 Chondrosarcoma Treatment | Expert Surgeon | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD | Aaron Cohen-Gadol, MD

  https://www.aaroncohen-gadol.com/en/patients/chondrosarcoma/treatments/overview

  Chondrosarcoma is most often treated with a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. Complete removal of the tumor is the primary goal of surgery. […] Following surgery, patients often undergo radiation therapy to lower the risk of tumor recurrence, or prevent growth in known tissue that remains. […] The approach to treating chondrosarcoma is individually tailored to each patient based on their specific circumstances. […] If surgery is too risky, doctors may treat with radiation therapy alone. […] The decision on how to treat chondrosarcoma and what treatment is best for you will depend on the results of tests like biopsies and imaging scans, severity of symptoms, and your overall health. […] As scientific research advances, the approaches to treating chondrosarcoma continue to evolve and improve.

• #93 Understanding chondrosarcoma: symptoms, treatment and prognosis | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/understanding-chondrosarcoma–symptoms–treatment-and-prognosis.h00-159699123.html

  More aggressive types of chondrosarcoma, like dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, often respond well to chemotherapy. […] Sometimes, patients with localized disease, or cancer that is just in one area, are unable to get surgery for medical reasons. In those cases, radiation therapy may be used to treat the tumor. […] If you are diagnosed with chondrosarcoma, its important to seek care at a comprehensive cancer center like MD Anderson with experts who have seen this type of cancer multiple times. […] When you see this disease as often as we do, you start to pick up patterns. We’re always researching new ways to treat chondrosarcoma and building upon that research to help more patients and their families.

• #94 Therapeutic Targets and Emerging Treatments in Advanced Chondrosarcoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8834928/

  Although chondrosarcomas commonly develop chemoresistance, several clinical studies have shown positive drug activities for chondrosarcoma. These clinical studies suggest that some molecule-targeting agents may have higher antitumor activity than conventional antitumor agents in chondrosarcoma. Further clinical studies of new anticancer agents are required to assess the efficacy and safety of the treatment in patients with chondrosarcoma. […] Recent studies have suggested several promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chondrosarcoma, including IDH1/2, COL2A1, and PD-L1. In addition, several molecule-targeting agents and immunotherapy have shown favorable antitumor activities in clinical studies of patients with advanced chondrosarcoma. Further studies on the mechanisms of tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, and microenvironment are required to identify new therapeutic targets in chondrosarcoma. Basic studies and clinical trials of new anticancer agents and immunotherapy may contribute to the development of chondrosarcoma treatments.

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