Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #2 Common and plantar warts

  https://treatwithswift.com/en-us/treatment/common-and-plantar-warts

  An estimated 40% of the population is infected with HPV and in approximately 7-12% a wart develops (Witchey et al., 2018). […] Warts that do not resolve on their own continually pose a risk of re-infection at other sites and transmission to other people. […] They can also potentially become painful due to pressure that may be exerted onto the lesion, causing it to progress deeper into the skin (Witchey et al., 2018).

• #3 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOopYCJzsiP8rniCChztek1nJ44C2BQyac59uGaPEjfDeLiNvFbVY

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] However, other populations, such as immunocompromised patients, are at increased risk for acquiring plantar warts, which can lead to pain, embarrassment, and, in rare cases, cancer. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Furthermore, populations living in northern England have been noted to exhibit an increased incidence of plantar warts compared with populations in southern England. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually.

• #4 Microwave therapy for the treatment of plantar warts | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text

  https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-023-00638-8

  Plantar warts, or verrucae plantaris, result from infection of epithelial keratinocytes by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Approximately 40% of the population is infected with HPV with a 14% annual incidence of plantar warts. The highest occurrence is seen in children and adolescents. […] Few controlled studies have investigated treatment options for recalcitrant plantar warts, with many associated with adverse effects. […] The analysis has also shown that lesion resolution is associated with a younger age which is consistent with existing research where both natural resolution and therapeutic cure rates for plantar warts across a number of different therapies are higher in younger populations. […] In conclusion, this retrospective study of 45 participants has shown that plantar warts may be resolved with two to three sessions of microwave therapy, which may be more successful in younger populations.

• #5 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/_language/de?uri=%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7556%2Fjaoa.2018.024%2Fhtml&srsltid=AfmBOoq__iyg-ZsHwgh_CI4PuK9gInMr-Lud2YzuvfmCA23Smejh5fpo

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] However, certain populations have been observed to manifest plantar warts at higher rates compared with the general population, placing them at increased risk for wart-induced pain and complications. […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14% in the general population. […] Risk factors center about increased exposure to HPV, increased risk of epidermal barrier penetration, and inappropriate immune responses. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] It is estimated that only 0.84% of the United States population have plantar warts, whereas 12.9% of the Russian population has been shown to have plantar warts.

• #6 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/_language/de?uri=%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7556%2Fjaoa.2018.024%2Fhtml&srsltid=AfmBOoq__iyg-ZsHwgh_CI4PuK9gInMr-Lud2YzuvfmCA23Smejh5fpo

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] However, certain populations have been observed to manifest plantar warts at higher rates compared with the general population, placing them at increased risk for wart-induced pain and complications. […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14% in the general population. […] Risk factors center about increased exposure to HPV, increased risk of epidermal barrier penetration, and inappropriate immune responses. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] It is estimated that only 0.84% of the United States population have plantar warts, whereas 12.9% of the Russian population has been shown to have plantar warts.

• #7 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271

  Verrucae (or plantar warts) are extremely common, being experienced by most people at some time during their lives. Studies that have examined the prevalence of warts or verrucae have produced a wide range of estimates from 0.84% in the US, 3.3% to 4.7% in the UK, and up to 24% in 16-18 year olds in Australia. […] Almost two million people in England and Wales see their general practitioner for the treatment of cutaneous warts each year, at an annual cost of at least 40m. […] A Cochrane systematic review assessed the effects of different local treatments of cutaneous, non-genital warts and highlighted considerable uncertainty around the optimal treatment. […] The Cochrane systematic review further highlighted the lack of good quality evidence on which to inform clinical decision making.

• #8 Plantar Warts | Basicmedical Key

  https://basicmedicalkey.com/plantar-warts/

  Plantar warts affect mostly adolescents and young adults, affecting up to 10% of people in these age groups. […] Prevalence studies demonstrate a wide range of values, from 0.84% in the United States to 3.3% to 4.7% in the United Kingdom, to 24% in 16- to 18-year-olds in Australia.

• #9 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271

  Verrucae (or plantar warts) are extremely common, being experienced by most people at some time during their lives. Studies that have examined the prevalence of warts or verrucae have produced a wide range of estimates from 0.84% in the US, 3.3% to 4.7% in the UK, and up to 24% in 16-18 year olds in Australia. […] Almost two million people in England and Wales see their general practitioner for the treatment of cutaneous warts each year, at an annual cost of at least 40m. […] A Cochrane systematic review assessed the effects of different local treatments of cutaneous, non-genital warts and highlighted considerable uncertainty around the optimal treatment. […] The Cochrane systematic review further highlighted the lack of good quality evidence on which to inform clinical decision making.

• #10 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOopYCJzsiP8rniCChztek1nJ44C2BQyac59uGaPEjfDeLiNvFbVY

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] However, other populations, such as immunocompromised patients, are at increased risk for acquiring plantar warts, which can lead to pain, embarrassment, and, in rare cases, cancer. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Furthermore, populations living in northern England have been noted to exhibit an increased incidence of plantar warts compared with populations in southern England. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually.

• #11 JMI – The Journal of mycology and infection

  https://e-jmi.org/archive/detail/151?is_paper=y

  Plantar wart is a common dermatologic disease encountered in outpatient clinics. Clinical trials for the treatment of plantar warts have been conducted, but only a few studies have focused on the epidemiological factors of plantar warts. […] This study aims to analyze the epidemiological factors for plantar warts in Korean individuals at a single institution. […] A total of 176 patients were included in this retrospective study. Plantar warts are more common in younger ages, and men tend to have higher rates of plantar warts than women (M:F = 3:1). The patients showed a higher incidence of plantar warts during winter (29.0%), of which 74.4% were urban residents. […] This study offers valuable information about the epidemiological factors of plantar warts in South Korea. These contents will be used for lifestyle education to prevent the recurrence of plantar warts.

• #12 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/_language/de?uri=%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7556%2Fjaoa.2018.024%2Fhtml&srsltid=AfmBOoq__iyg-ZsHwgh_CI4PuK9gInMr-Lud2YzuvfmCA23Smejh5fpo

  Throughout all regions, rates of plantar warts are noted to increase during winter months. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Young children experience a steady increase in warts as they age until a peak incidence between 12 and 16 years of age. […] In adulthood, there is a decline in rates of plantar warts in the general population. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #13 Wart – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431047/

  Warts are a common medical problem, especially in Whites. […] Warts are common worldwide and affect approximately 10% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is as high as 10% to 20%. They are more common among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Warts can occur at any age. Although rare in infancy and early childhood, prevalence increases among school-aged children and peaks at 12 to 16 years. […] Warts are twice as common in Whites as in Blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent in Inuit and American Indians.

• #14 Plantar Wart

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Derm/Wart/PlntrWrt.htm

  More common in children, adolescents and young adults. […] Plantar Warts responsible for a third of warts. […] Affects up to 20% of children ages 4 to 12 years old. […] Two thirds of Plantar Warts resolve by 2 years without treatment. […] Recurrence after treatment is common.

• #15 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOopYCJzsiP8rniCChztek1nJ44C2BQyac59uGaPEjfDeLiNvFbVY

  Young children experience a steady increase in warts as they age until a peak incidence between 12 and 16 years of age. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #16 Nongenital Warts: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-overview

  Warts are widespread in the worldwide population. Although the frequency is unknown, warts are estimated to affect approximately 7-12% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is 10-20%. An increased frequency also is seen among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Although warts may affect any race, common warts appear approximately twice as frequently in whites as in blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent among American Indians and Inuit. […] Male-to-female ratio approaches 1:1. […] Warts can occur at any age. They are unusual in infancy and early childhood, increase in incidence among school-aged children, and peak at 12-16 years.

• #17 Wart – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431047/

  Warts are a common medical problem, especially in Whites. […] Warts are common worldwide and affect approximately 10% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is as high as 10% to 20%. They are more common among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Warts can occur at any age. Although rare in infancy and early childhood, prevalence increases among school-aged children and peaks at 12 to 16 years. […] Warts are twice as common in Whites as in Blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent in Inuit and American Indians.

• #18 Nongenital Warts: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-overview

  Warts are widespread in the worldwide population. Although the frequency is unknown, warts are estimated to affect approximately 7-12% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is 10-20%. An increased frequency also is seen among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Although warts may affect any race, common warts appear approximately twice as frequently in whites as in blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent among American Indians and Inuit. […] Male-to-female ratio approaches 1:1. […] Warts can occur at any age. They are unusual in infancy and early childhood, increase in incidence among school-aged children, and peak at 12-16 years.

• #19 Plantar Warts: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24899-plantar-warts

  Plantar warts are common. Approximately 10% of people have plantar warts. Between 10% and 20% of children and teenagers have plantar warts. […] HPV causes plantar warts. When HPV enters a cut or break in your skin, it causes a skin infection that forms a plantar wart. It may take two to six months after HPV exposure for plantar warts to appear. […] Plantar warts are contagious. They spread from direct contact with HPV, through either skin-to-skin contact or sharing items such as shoes, socks and towels. If you have a plantar wart, you can infect yourself by touching the plantar wart with another part of your body. […] The outlook for people with plantar warts is good. Over-the-counter treatments can get rid of plantar warts as quickly as two weeks. Without treatment, your immune system usually fights off the HPV infection after one to two years.

• #20 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/_language/de?uri=%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7556%2Fjaoa.2018.024%2Fhtml&srsltid=AfmBOoq__iyg-ZsHwgh_CI4PuK9gInMr-Lud2YzuvfmCA23Smejh5fpo

  Throughout all regions, rates of plantar warts are noted to increase during winter months. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Young children experience a steady increase in warts as they age until a peak incidence between 12 and 16 years of age. […] In adulthood, there is a decline in rates of plantar warts in the general population. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #21 Plantar wart | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/plantar-wart?lang=us

  Plantar warts, also known as plantar verruca or verruca plantaris, refer to superficially based benign epithelial lesions occurring in the dermal/subdermal layers of the skin. […] There are many known risk factors for developing plantar warts including sex: more common in female children and men. […] age: children 5 years and adolescents, peak incidence: 12-16 years. […] immunocompromised. […] ethnicity: whites. […] activities: walking barefoot, especially in communal showers, locker areas and swimming pools, and sports in which bare feet training is common e.g. gymnastics. […] close contact with another sufferer. […] time of year: commoner in winter. […] unsatisfactory personal hygiene. […] Plantar warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management.

• #22 Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients with Plantar Warts: a Single-center Retrospective Study

  https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART003127484

  Background: Plantar wart is a common dermatologic disease encountered in outpatient clinics. Clinical trials for the treatment of plantar warts have been conducted, but only a few studies have focused on the epidemiological factors of plantar warts. […] Objective: This study aims to analyze the epidemiological factors for plantar warts in Korean individuals at a single institution. […] Results: A total of 176 patients were included in this retrospective study. Plantar warts are more common in younger ages, and men tend to have higher rates of plantar warts than women (M:F = 3:1). […] Conclusion: This study offers valuable information about the epidemiological factors of plantar warts in South Korea. These contents will be used for lifestyle education to prevent the recurrence of plantar warts.

• #23 Update on human papilloma virus – part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical spectrum | Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

  http://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/en-update-on-human-papilloma-virus-articulo-S0365059620306620

  Currently, approximately 218 types of HPV have been isolated and identified as causing infections in humans. Of these, 45 infect the genital tract, while the others will cause skin disease. Alpha HPVs produce clinically visible lesions on mucous membranes and skin, while beta and gamma HPVs are mainly responsible for persistent subclinical skin lesions secondary to infections acquired early in childhood. The infection occurs predominantly via direct contact, although skin lesions can be transmitted indirectly, via contaminated surfaces. Microtraumas expose the basal layer keratinocytes and facilitate contagion. […] Cutaneous warts (CWs) related to non-sexually transmitted HPV types have completely different epidemiological characteristics and are mainly caused by types 1, 2, 4, 27, and 57. Although these are the most prevalent types in several studies, the proportion of individuals affected by each of them is quite variable. Some authors speculate that the differences are due to socio-geographical variations. A study conducted in Dutch schools found CWs in approximately one-third of the participants, with the prevalence increasing with age, from about 15% at 4 years to about 44% at 11 years, with no difference between genders.

• #24 Wart – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431047/

  Warts are a common medical problem, especially in Whites. […] Warts are common worldwide and affect approximately 10% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is as high as 10% to 20%. They are more common among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Warts can occur at any age. Although rare in infancy and early childhood, prevalence increases among school-aged children and peaks at 12 to 16 years. […] Warts are twice as common in Whites as in Blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent in Inuit and American Indians.

• #25 Nongenital Warts: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-overview

  Warts are widespread in the worldwide population. Although the frequency is unknown, warts are estimated to affect approximately 7-12% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is 10-20%. An increased frequency also is seen among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Although warts may affect any race, common warts appear approximately twice as frequently in whites as in blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent among American Indians and Inuit. […] Male-to-female ratio approaches 1:1. […] Warts can occur at any age. They are unusual in infancy and early childhood, increase in incidence among school-aged children, and peak at 12-16 years.

• #26 HPV 1, 2, & 4

  https://web.stanford.edu/group/virus/papilloma/2004goglincarnevale/Papilloma/HPV1.htm

  HPV 1, 2, and 4 cause benign nongenital skin warts such as plantar and common warts. Although the frequency is unknown, warts are estimated to affect approximately 7 to 12% of the population. They occur most frequently in older children and young adults. Some school surveys estimate a prevalence of about 10% in older school children, with a peak at around 12 to 16 years. […] There is a low incidence of warts in older people, indicating that their immune systems may render them more resistant to infection. […] Although warts may affect any race, common warts appear approximately twice as frequently in whites as in blacks or Asians. The frequency of warts is about the same in men and women.

• #27 Wart – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431047/

  Warts are a common medical problem, especially in Whites. […] Warts are common worldwide and affect approximately 10% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is as high as 10% to 20%. They are more common among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Warts can occur at any age. Although rare in infancy and early childhood, prevalence increases among school-aged children and peaks at 12 to 16 years. […] Warts are twice as common in Whites as in Blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent in Inuit and American Indians.

• #28 Nongenital Warts: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-overview

  Warts are widespread in the worldwide population. Although the frequency is unknown, warts are estimated to affect approximately 7-12% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is 10-20%. An increased frequency also is seen among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Although warts may affect any race, common warts appear approximately twice as frequently in whites as in blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent among American Indians and Inuit. […] Male-to-female ratio approaches 1:1. […] Warts can occur at any age. They are unusual in infancy and early childhood, increase in incidence among school-aged children, and peak at 12-16 years.

• #29 Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Cutaneous Warts in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional and Follow-Up Study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-33511-x

  Of the 15,384 students, 215 were diagnosed with cutaneous warts, with an overall prevalence of 1.4% (95% CI, 1.21.6%). The prevalence was significantly higher in male than in female students (2.0% vs. 0.9%, P0.0001) and in students from rural than those from urban areas (1.7% vs. 1.3%, P=0.03). […] In this study, we found that 1.4% of college students were affected with warts on their hands and/or feet. The majority of patients had only one wart on the hand or foot and the majority of warts were 1cm in diameter. Slightly over half of patients experienced spontaneous resolution of warts within two years after the initial survey. Patients age, sleep quality, and paternal education level were shown to be independently associated with the resolution of warts. […] In comparison to the studies that had involved young adults from the UK and the USA, the overall prevalence rate of cutaneous warts in our study was lower than that in the UK study, while being similar to the US study.

• #30 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOopYCJzsiP8rniCChztek1nJ44C2BQyac59uGaPEjfDeLiNvFbVY

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] However, other populations, such as immunocompromised patients, are at increased risk for acquiring plantar warts, which can lead to pain, embarrassment, and, in rare cases, cancer. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Furthermore, populations living in northern England have been noted to exhibit an increased incidence of plantar warts compared with populations in southern England. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually.

• #31 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #32 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/_language/de?uri=%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7556%2Fjaoa.2018.024%2Fhtml&srsltid=AfmBOoq__iyg-ZsHwgh_CI4PuK9gInMr-Lud2YzuvfmCA23Smejh5fpo

  Throughout all regions, rates of plantar warts are noted to increase during winter months. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Young children experience a steady increase in warts as they age until a peak incidence between 12 and 16 years of age. […] In adulthood, there is a decline in rates of plantar warts in the general population. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #33 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271

  Verrucae (or plantar warts) are extremely common, being experienced by most people at some time during their lives. Studies that have examined the prevalence of warts or verrucae have produced a wide range of estimates from 0.84% in the US, 3.3% to 4.7% in the UK, and up to 24% in 16-18 year olds in Australia. […] Almost two million people in England and Wales see their general practitioner for the treatment of cutaneous warts each year, at an annual cost of at least 40m. […] A Cochrane systematic review assessed the effects of different local treatments of cutaneous, non-genital warts and highlighted considerable uncertainty around the optimal treatment. […] The Cochrane systematic review further highlighted the lack of good quality evidence on which to inform clinical decision making.

• #34

  https://www.jpad.com.pk/index.php/jpad/article/view/2612

  Plantar warts (PW) are a benign skin infection of keratinocytes caused by Human Papilloma Virus that can cause significant morbidity leading to an impairment of quality of life (QoL). […] The objective of this study was to determine the mean Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) in patients with plantar warts. […] Mean DLQI score was found to be 9.45.4 which falls in the category of moderate impairment of QoL. […] PW cause significant morbidity leading to a moderate to severe impairment of DLQI in about two thirds of the cases, especially in young, male and educated subjects with chronic PW.

• #35 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29379975/

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] However, certain populations have been observed to manifest plantar warts at higher rates compared with the general population, placing them at increased risk for wart-induced pain and complications. […] This literature review outlines the current knowledge regarding the relationship between plantar wart pathophysiology, HPV transmission, and epidemiologic characteristics. […] Given the high propensity for treatment resistance of plantar warts and no established, practical, and reliable method of prevention, HPV prophylaxis for populations that demonstrate high rates of plantar warts may be of benefit in controlling the spread of lesions.

• #36 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management – Journal of Osteopathic Medicine

  https://jom.osteopathic.org/abstract/plantar-warts-epidemiology-pathophysiology-and-clinical-management/

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] However, certain populations have been observed to manifest plantar warts at higher rates compared with the general population, placing them at increased risk for wart-induced pain and complications. […] Given the high propensity for treatment resistance of plantar warts and no established, practical, and reliable method of prevention, HPV prophylaxis for populations that demonstrate high rates of plantar warts may be of benefit in controlling the spread of lesions.

• #37 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOopYCJzsiP8rniCChztek1nJ44C2BQyac59uGaPEjfDeLiNvFbVY

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] However, other populations, such as immunocompromised patients, are at increased risk for acquiring plantar warts, which can lead to pain, embarrassment, and, in rare cases, cancer. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Furthermore, populations living in northern England have been noted to exhibit an increased incidence of plantar warts compared with populations in southern England. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually.

• #38 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/_language/de?uri=%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7556%2Fjaoa.2018.024%2Fhtml&srsltid=AfmBOoq__iyg-ZsHwgh_CI4PuK9gInMr-Lud2YzuvfmCA23Smejh5fpo

  Throughout all regions, rates of plantar warts are noted to increase during winter months. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Young children experience a steady increase in warts as they age until a peak incidence between 12 and 16 years of age. […] In adulthood, there is a decline in rates of plantar warts in the general population. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #39 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #40 Update on human papilloma virus – part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical spectrum | Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

  https://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/en-update-on-human-papilloma-virus-articulo-S0365059620306620

  The peak incidence of infection occurs about 10 years after sexarche, usually between 24 and 30 years of age for both sexes. Although the prevalence decreases with age, studies show a second late peak of incidence in women in the fifth decade. […] Immunosuppression is an important risk factor for HPV lesions. Studies suggest that temporary changes in the immunity of pregnant women may be the explanation for the higher rates of HPV infection in this group when compared with patients who are not pregnant. […] The presence of cutaneous HPVs ubiquitously distributed over the skin has been described in this group of patients. The incidence of skin cancer associated with HPV in these patients is estimated to increase by 5% per year, with a cumulative risk of 44% after nine years. […] The risks vary for the various locations of HPV-related neoplasms among patients with SOT and individuals living with HIV, which can reach an incidence of up to 80 times higher than in the general population in the case of anal cancer in some subpopulations.

• #41 Update on human papilloma virus – part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical spectrum | Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

  https://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/en-update-on-human-papilloma-virus-articulo-S0365059620306620

• #42 Post-marketing surveillance for Microwave Treatment of Plantar and Common Warts in Adults – Emblation

  https://emblation.com/post-marketing-surveillance-for-microwave-treatment-of-plantar-and-common-warts-in-adults/

  A handheld microwave device (Swift, Emblation Limited) has been licenced and available for clinical use since 2016 in the fields of podiatry and dermatology and has been extensively used in treating cutaneous warts. […] As part of post marketing surveillance by the manufacturer, an online 79-item survey was distributed to podiatry clinics in the United Kingdom with a Swift device. […] 6998 adults (65 years) underwent wart treatment with microwave (81.9% plantar warts; 18.1% common, non-plantar warts). […] The median efficacy rate was reported as 79.2% (65.9 87.5%) and 82.3% (71.4 100%) respectively. […] In older adults (over 65 years) efficacy rates were similar for both sites: plantar (73.2%, 50-90%, n=1232) and non-plantar (80.0%, 42.1-100%, n=276). […] Sub-group analysis of the data revealed good clearance rates in patients with diabetes (79.6%), but less in immunocompromised individuals (61.3%) and those with autoimmune disease (58.6%). […] Overall, mean user satisfaction was rated as very satisfied on a 10-point scale (n=93 practices). […] Despite the limitations of a post-marketing questionnaire survey, these data provide good evidence of the safety and efficacy for Swift microwave treatment of cutaneous warts.

• #43 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #44 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/_language/de?uri=%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7556%2Fjaoa.2018.024%2Fhtml&srsltid=AfmBOoq__iyg-ZsHwgh_CI4PuK9gInMr-Lud2YzuvfmCA23Smejh5fpo

  Throughout all regions, rates of plantar warts are noted to increase during winter months. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Young children experience a steady increase in warts as they age until a peak incidence between 12 and 16 years of age. […] In adulthood, there is a decline in rates of plantar warts in the general population. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #45 Plantar wart | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/plantar-wart?lang=us

  Plantar warts, also known as plantar verruca or verruca plantaris, refer to superficially based benign epithelial lesions occurring in the dermal/subdermal layers of the skin. […] There are many known risk factors for developing plantar warts including sex: more common in female children and men. […] age: children 5 years and adolescents, peak incidence: 12-16 years. […] immunocompromised. […] ethnicity: whites. […] activities: walking barefoot, especially in communal showers, locker areas and swimming pools, and sports in which bare feet training is common e.g. gymnastics. […] close contact with another sufferer. […] time of year: commoner in winter. […] unsatisfactory personal hygiene. […] Plantar warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management.

• #46 How to Prevent Plantar Warts: Tips for Keeping Your Feet Wart-Free – Goodless Dermatology

  https://goodlessdermatology.com/posts/news/how-to-prevent-plantar-warts-tips-for-keeping-your-feet-wart-free/

  Plantar warts, though often harmless, can be an uncomfortable and sometimes painful issue affecting the soles of the feet. Caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), plantar warts are highly contagious and thrive in warm, moist environments like public pools and showers. […] Since plantar warts are contagious, they can spread easily in communal areas, especially where people walk barefoot. […] Preventing plantar warts involves practicing good foot hygiene, protecting your feet in public spaces, and taking care of any cuts or abrasions. […] Public places like swimming pools, locker rooms, and communal showers are breeding grounds for the HPV virus. […] A healthy immune system is essential for fighting off infections, including HPV. […] While plantar warts often go away on their own, it’s important to seek professional help if a wart becomes painful, spreads, or does not respond to home treatments. […] Early diagnosis and treatment from a dermatologist can prevent plantar warts from worsening and help ensure faster recovery.

• #47 Swimming Pools and Plantar Warts – Foot and Ankle Specialists of the Mid-Atlantic

  https://footandankle-usa.com/swimming-pools-and-plantar-warts/

  Plantar warts or verrucae plantaris are skin lesions that develop on the plantar (bottom) aspect of the foot. They are caused by the infection of keratinocytes (skin cells) with the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is ubiquitous. Most people are asymptomatic carriers of HPV, however, 2% of the general population will seek medical care for warts annually due to pain, embarrassment, and, in rare cases, cancer. Plantar warts demonstrate an annual incidence of approximately 14%. The majority of cases occur in children and adolescents. However, other populations, such as immunocompromised patients, are at increased risk for acquiring plantar warts. […] HPV can survive for months to years on surfaces. Infection often requires direct contact with the viral particles. This can ensue through either direct contact via a plantar wart or indirect contact via fomites (such as socks, shoes, towels and sports equipment). As the virus tends to thrive in warm and moist environments, places like shower floors, locker rooms and public swimming areas are ideal places for transmission.

• #48 Swimming Pools and Plantar Warts – Foot and Ankle Specialists of the Mid-Atlantic

  https://footandankle-usa.com/swimming-pools-and-plantar-warts/

  Plantar warts or verrucae plantaris are skin lesions that develop on the plantar (bottom) aspect of the foot. They are caused by the infection of keratinocytes (skin cells) with the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is ubiquitous. Most people are asymptomatic carriers of HPV, however, 2% of the general population will seek medical care for warts annually due to pain, embarrassment, and, in rare cases, cancer. Plantar warts demonstrate an annual incidence of approximately 14%. The majority of cases occur in children and adolescents. However, other populations, such as immunocompromised patients, are at increased risk for acquiring plantar warts. […] HPV can survive for months to years on surfaces. Infection often requires direct contact with the viral particles. This can ensue through either direct contact via a plantar wart or indirect contact via fomites (such as socks, shoes, towels and sports equipment). As the virus tends to thrive in warm and moist environments, places like shower floors, locker rooms and public swimming areas are ideal places for transmission.

• #49 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #50 Nongenital Warts: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-overview

  Warts are widespread in the worldwide population. Although the frequency is unknown, warts are estimated to affect approximately 7-12% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is 10-20%. An increased frequency also is seen among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Although warts may affect any race, common warts appear approximately twice as frequently in whites as in blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent among American Indians and Inuit. […] Male-to-female ratio approaches 1:1. […] Warts can occur at any age. They are unusual in infancy and early childhood, increase in incidence among school-aged children, and peak at 12-16 years.

• #51

  https://step1.medbullets.com/dermatology/112092/cutaneous-warts-verrucae

  A 55-year-old man presents to his dermatologist for plantar warts. […] Epidemiology: demographics: children and young adults. […] risk factors: atopic dermatitis. […] immunosuppression. […] walking barefoot in communal swimming areas. […] occupations: handlers of meat and fish.

• #52 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOopYCJzsiP8rniCChztek1nJ44C2BQyac59uGaPEjfDeLiNvFbVY

  Young children experience a steady increase in warts as they age until a peak incidence between 12 and 16 years of age. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #53 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #54 JMI – The Journal of mycology and infection

  https://e-jmi.org/archive/detail/151?is_paper=y

  The overall risk of verruca plantaris/vulgaris is about twofold greater in individuals with hyperhidrosis. […] Notably, in this study, 27.8% of the patients reported having family members with warts, with a significantly higher prevalence among women (p = 0.026). […] This study emphasizes the need for research to develop prophylactic measures in preventing plantar wart occurrence and HPV transmission.

• #55 Plantar wart | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/plantar-wart?lang=us

  Plantar warts, also known as plantar verruca or verruca plantaris, refer to superficially based benign epithelial lesions occurring in the dermal/subdermal layers of the skin. […] There are many known risk factors for developing plantar warts including sex: more common in female children and men. […] age: children 5 years and adolescents, peak incidence: 12-16 years. […] immunocompromised. […] ethnicity: whites. […] activities: walking barefoot, especially in communal showers, locker areas and swimming pools, and sports in which bare feet training is common e.g. gymnastics. […] close contact with another sufferer. […] time of year: commoner in winter. […] unsatisfactory personal hygiene. […] Plantar warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management.

• #56

  https://step1.medbullets.com/dermatology/112092/cutaneous-warts-verrucae

  A 55-year-old man presents to his dermatologist for plantar warts. […] Epidemiology: demographics: children and young adults. […] risk factors: atopic dermatitis. […] immunosuppression. […] walking barefoot in communal swimming areas. […] occupations: handlers of meat and fish.

• #57 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOopYCJzsiP8rniCChztek1nJ44C2BQyac59uGaPEjfDeLiNvFbVY

  Young children experience a steady increase in warts as they age until a peak incidence between 12 and 16 years of age. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #58 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #59 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/_language/de?uri=%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7556%2Fjaoa.2018.024%2Fhtml&srsltid=AfmBOoq__iyg-ZsHwgh_CI4PuK9gInMr-Lud2YzuvfmCA23Smejh5fpo

  Throughout all regions, rates of plantar warts are noted to increase during winter months. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Young children experience a steady increase in warts as they age until a peak incidence between 12 and 16 years of age. […] In adulthood, there is a decline in rates of plantar warts in the general population. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #60 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #61 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #62 Plantar Warts: Symptoms, Causes, Remuval & Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/plantar-warts/

  HPV can cause warts anywhere on the body, however, only warts on the foot are classed as plantar warts. The virus typically enters the skin through small cuts or weak spots in the outermost layer of the skin and can take a number of weeks or months to produce visible warts. […] Warts are spread from person to person, sometimes indirectly through objects or surfaces such as: Surfaces around swimming pools, Floors of communal changing rooms, Shared socks and shoes, Shared towels. […] Damaged or wet skin is most susceptible to infection. Children and teenagers are more likely than adults to develop plantar warts. People with weakened immune systems as a result of other conditions are also at an increased risk of contracting HPV. […] Yes, the HPV that causes plantar warts is contagious. It can be passed from person to person, as well as indirectly through surfaces or objects. The virus particularly thrives in warm, moist environments, meaning it is commonly contracted in swimming pools or locker rooms.

• #63 Clinical Resolution of Plantar Warts Using the Needling Technique

  https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/2/50

  Plantar warts are common lesions found in clinical practice, produced by an HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) infection, particularly types that affect the skin, such as HPV-1, HPV-27, and HPV-57. The annual incidence has been described to be up to 14%, and the condition affects mainly children and young adults, with slightly more women than men being affected and with special outcomes in immunocompromised patients. […] Infection can occur through direct exposure to the virus from an infected person. Autoinfection may also occur from an active lesion on the same individual. Additionally, indirect transmission has been described, particularly in high-traffic areas where people walk barefoot, such as swimming pools, as the virus can survive on surfaces for long periods. […] HPV plantar warts do not have a treatment that specifically targets the infection, leaving health professionals with a wide range of options, as the main objective is to target the symptoms while eliminating the lesion. Most of these treatments have the intrinsic nature of being destructive to both healthy and lesional tissue, require several visits to apply, are painful, and have side effects.

• #64 Update on human papilloma virus – part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical spectrum | Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

  http://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/en-update-on-human-papilloma-virus-articulo-S0365059620306620

  Currently, approximately 218 types of HPV have been isolated and identified as causing infections in humans. Of these, 45 infect the genital tract, while the others will cause skin disease. Alpha HPVs produce clinically visible lesions on mucous membranes and skin, while beta and gamma HPVs are mainly responsible for persistent subclinical skin lesions secondary to infections acquired early in childhood. The infection occurs predominantly via direct contact, although skin lesions can be transmitted indirectly, via contaminated surfaces. Microtraumas expose the basal layer keratinocytes and facilitate contagion. […] Cutaneous warts (CWs) related to non-sexually transmitted HPV types have completely different epidemiological characteristics and are mainly caused by types 1, 2, 4, 27, and 57. Although these are the most prevalent types in several studies, the proportion of individuals affected by each of them is quite variable. Some authors speculate that the differences are due to socio-geographical variations. A study conducted in Dutch schools found CWs in approximately one-third of the participants, with the prevalence increasing with age, from about 15% at 4 years to about 44% at 11 years, with no difference between genders.

• #65 Plantar Warts: Symptoms, Causes, Remuval & Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/plantar-warts/

  HPV can cause warts anywhere on the body, however, only warts on the foot are classed as plantar warts. The virus typically enters the skin through small cuts or weak spots in the outermost layer of the skin and can take a number of weeks or months to produce visible warts. […] Warts are spread from person to person, sometimes indirectly through objects or surfaces such as: Surfaces around swimming pools, Floors of communal changing rooms, Shared socks and shoes, Shared towels. […] Damaged or wet skin is most susceptible to infection. Children and teenagers are more likely than adults to develop plantar warts. People with weakened immune systems as a result of other conditions are also at an increased risk of contracting HPV. […] Yes, the HPV that causes plantar warts is contagious. It can be passed from person to person, as well as indirectly through surfaces or objects. The virus particularly thrives in warm, moist environments, meaning it is commonly contracted in swimming pools or locker rooms.

• #66 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #67 Plantar Warts: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24899-plantar-warts

  Plantar warts are common. Approximately 10% of people have plantar warts. Between 10% and 20% of children and teenagers have plantar warts. […] HPV causes plantar warts. When HPV enters a cut or break in your skin, it causes a skin infection that forms a plantar wart. It may take two to six months after HPV exposure for plantar warts to appear. […] Plantar warts are contagious. They spread from direct contact with HPV, through either skin-to-skin contact or sharing items such as shoes, socks and towels. If you have a plantar wart, you can infect yourself by touching the plantar wart with another part of your body. […] The outlook for people with plantar warts is good. Over-the-counter treatments can get rid of plantar warts as quickly as two weeks. Without treatment, your immune system usually fights off the HPV infection after one to two years.

• #68 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #69 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/_language/de?uri=%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7556%2Fjaoa.2018.024%2Fhtml&srsltid=AfmBOoq__iyg-ZsHwgh_CI4PuK9gInMr-Lud2YzuvfmCA23Smejh5fpo

  Throughout all regions, rates of plantar warts are noted to increase during winter months. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Young children experience a steady increase in warts as they age until a peak incidence between 12 and 16 years of age. […] In adulthood, there is a decline in rates of plantar warts in the general population. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #70 Swimming Pools and Plantar Warts – Foot and Ankle Specialists of the Mid-Atlantic

  https://footandankle-usa.com/swimming-pools-and-plantar-warts/

  Plantar warts or verrucae plantaris are skin lesions that develop on the plantar (bottom) aspect of the foot. They are caused by the infection of keratinocytes (skin cells) with the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is ubiquitous. Most people are asymptomatic carriers of HPV, however, 2% of the general population will seek medical care for warts annually due to pain, embarrassment, and, in rare cases, cancer. Plantar warts demonstrate an annual incidence of approximately 14%. The majority of cases occur in children and adolescents. However, other populations, such as immunocompromised patients, are at increased risk for acquiring plantar warts. […] HPV can survive for months to years on surfaces. Infection often requires direct contact with the viral particles. This can ensue through either direct contact via a plantar wart or indirect contact via fomites (such as socks, shoes, towels and sports equipment). As the virus tends to thrive in warm and moist environments, places like shower floors, locker rooms and public swimming areas are ideal places for transmission.

• #71 Update on human papilloma virus – part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical spectrum | Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

  http://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/en-update-on-human-papilloma-virus-articulo-S0365059620306620

  Currently, approximately 218 types of HPV have been isolated and identified as causing infections in humans. Of these, 45 infect the genital tract, while the others will cause skin disease. Alpha HPVs produce clinically visible lesions on mucous membranes and skin, while beta and gamma HPVs are mainly responsible for persistent subclinical skin lesions secondary to infections acquired early in childhood. The infection occurs predominantly via direct contact, although skin lesions can be transmitted indirectly, via contaminated surfaces. Microtraumas expose the basal layer keratinocytes and facilitate contagion. […] Cutaneous warts (CWs) related to non-sexually transmitted HPV types have completely different epidemiological characteristics and are mainly caused by types 1, 2, 4, 27, and 57. Although these are the most prevalent types in several studies, the proportion of individuals affected by each of them is quite variable. Some authors speculate that the differences are due to socio-geographical variations. A study conducted in Dutch schools found CWs in approximately one-third of the participants, with the prevalence increasing with age, from about 15% at 4 years to about 44% at 11 years, with no difference between genders.

• #72 Verruca plantaris – Altmeyers Encyclopedia – Department Dermatology

  https://www.altmeyers.org/en/dermatology/verruca-plantaris-121613

  Preferred in children 12 years; up to 20% of 12-year-olds are affected, in 20-year-olds only 2-3%. Transmission occurs through contact with virus particles in swimming pools, community showers or gymnasiums. In moisture and heat, infected keratinocytes are released by virus carriers and virus material can then penetrate the skin of the sole of the foot. […] In patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, several strains of human papillomavirus have been associated with clinical manifestations of plantar warts (Dardet JP et al. 2020). More recent studies show an increased incidence of HPV-27 and -57 in this clientele. Less common is the detection of atypical HPV types such as HPV-66 and HPV-69 in plantar lesions (Dardet JP et al. 2020).

• #73 Update on human papilloma virus – part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical spectrum | Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

  http://www.anaisdedermatologia.org.br/en-update-on-human-papilloma-virus-articulo-S0365059620306620

  Infection with HPV 1 affects a younger age group, more often on the plantar region, with fewer and smaller lesions, while HPV 2 is responsible for the second peak, in the second and third decades of life. The main risk factors found in school patients were close family members with CWs and families with multiple children. Transmission via public toilets and changing rooms was not statistically relevant in that study. Autoinoculation is also described, especially in the presence of lesions in the fingers. The prevalence of CWs in the general population is estimated at around 5% and is the result of continuous and repeated infection by multiple types. […] Genital HPV lesion is the most prevalent STI in the world. In Brazil, a recent systematic review carried out by Colpani et al. observed the following prevalences of HPV in mucosal lesions: 36.21% in the penile region; 25.68% in the anal region; 24.11% in the uterine cervical region; and 11.89% in the oral region. The study included more than 50,000 participants of all ages; the prevalence was higher than that of Central America (13%) and Western Europe (9%). Another multicenter, community-based Brazilian study of unvaccinated young people found high-risk HPV (HR-HPVs) in 35.2% of individuals, with a predominance of women. However, when analyzing sexually active young people, this percentage reached 53.5% for all types of HPV, regardless of sex. It is estimated that 75% of sexually active adults will have at least one HPV infection in their lifetime. The most frequently involved are types 6 and 11, present in about 80% of oral lesions and more than 90% of genital lesions. Risk factors include number of partners and age at first sexual intercourse, immunosuppression (including HIV), and the presence of other STIs, such as herpes simplex. The relationship with smoking and the use of oral contraceptives remains controversial. Contagion can occur through any form of sexual contact, even without penetration. The incidence of anal infection is high among men who have sex with men (MSM). Lesions in men appear to be less persistent than in women.

• #74 Plantar Warts – Verrica Pharmaceuticals

  https://verrica.com/keypublication_groups/plantar-warts/

  Given the high propensity for treatment resistance of plantar warts and no established, practical, and reliable method of prevention, HPV prophylaxis for populations that demonstrate high rates of plantar warts may be of benefit in controlling the spread of lesions. […] The degree of HPV exposure in the family and school class contributes to the development of warts in schoolchildren. Preventive recommendations should focus more on limiting HPV transmission in families and school classes, rather than in public places.

• #75 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #76 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #77 Plantar Wart

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Derm/Wart/PlntrWrt.htm

  More common in children, adolescents and young adults. […] Plantar Warts responsible for a third of warts. […] Affects up to 20% of children ages 4 to 12 years old. […] Two thirds of Plantar Warts resolve by 2 years without treatment. […] Recurrence after treatment is common.

• #78 Plantar Wart Removal, Treatment, Causes, Contagious, Remedies & Symptoms

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/plantar_warts/article_em.htm

  Plantar warts are seen in all age groups but are particularly common among children 12-16 years of age and rare in the elderly. […] The current prevalence of plantar warts in adults is unknown, but it is a fraction of the estimated 7%-10% of adults with all types of wart virus infections. […] Risk factors for the development of plantar warts include use of public showers, skin trauma, and weakened immune system because of certain medications used or illness. […] Yes, because plantar warts are caused by a viral infection (see above) it is possible to spread the virus and the condition from person to person. […] In up to 60% of cases, plantar warts exhibit „spontaneous remission.” This disappearance of the wart is because of the action of the body’s immune system. […] Untreated, plantar warts may grow up to 1 inch across and spread into clusters.

• #79 Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Cutaneous Warts in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional and Follow-Up Study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-33511-x

  Of the 15,384 students, 215 were diagnosed with cutaneous warts, with an overall prevalence of 1.4% (95% CI, 1.21.6%). The prevalence was significantly higher in male than in female students (2.0% vs. 0.9%, P0.0001) and in students from rural than those from urban areas (1.7% vs. 1.3%, P=0.03). […] In this study, we found that 1.4% of college students were affected with warts on their hands and/or feet. The majority of patients had only one wart on the hand or foot and the majority of warts were 1cm in diameter. Slightly over half of patients experienced spontaneous resolution of warts within two years after the initial survey. Patients age, sleep quality, and paternal education level were shown to be independently associated with the resolution of warts. […] In comparison to the studies that had involved young adults from the UK and the USA, the overall prevalence rate of cutaneous warts in our study was lower than that in the UK study, while being similar to the US study.

• #80 Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Cutaneous Warts in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional and Follow-Up Study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-33511-x

  The spontaneous resolution rate of warts within 1 and 2 years was reported to be 50% and 67% in children, respectively. By contrast, less than one-third and slightly over half of our patients recovered spontaneously within 1 and 2 years after the initial survey, respectively, suggesting a lower likelihood of spontaneous resolution of warts in young adults compared to children.

• #81 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #82 Microwave therapy for the treatment of plantar warts | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text

  https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-023-00638-8

  Plantar warts, or verrucae plantaris, result from infection of epithelial keratinocytes by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Approximately 40% of the population is infected with HPV with a 14% annual incidence of plantar warts. The highest occurrence is seen in children and adolescents. […] Few controlled studies have investigated treatment options for recalcitrant plantar warts, with many associated with adverse effects. […] The analysis has also shown that lesion resolution is associated with a younger age which is consistent with existing research where both natural resolution and therapeutic cure rates for plantar warts across a number of different therapies are higher in younger populations. […] In conclusion, this retrospective study of 45 participants has shown that plantar warts may be resolved with two to three sessions of microwave therapy, which may be more successful in younger populations.

• #83 Patient education: Common warts, plantar warts, and flat warts (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/common-warts-plantar-warts-and-flat-warts-beyond-the-basics/print

  Skin warts are growths on the skin that are caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV infection is common; there are different types, some of which can cause warts. […] Plantar warts (warts on the bottom of the feet) […] Common, plantar, and flat warts are most common in children and young adults. […] The types of HPV that cause common warts, plantar warts, or flat warts are usually different from the types of HPV that cause genital warts. […] Plantar warts are found on the soles of the feet. Plantar warts often begin as a small, round area of rough or thickened skin but may grow to involve larger areas. […] Plantar warts and periungual warts can be particularly difficult to eradicate with treatment.

• #84 Plantar Wart Removal, Treatment, Causes, Contagious, Remedies & Symptoms

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/plantar_warts/article_em.htm

  Plantar warts are seen in all age groups but are particularly common among children 12-16 years of age and rare in the elderly. […] The current prevalence of plantar warts in adults is unknown, but it is a fraction of the estimated 7%-10% of adults with all types of wart virus infections. […] Risk factors for the development of plantar warts include use of public showers, skin trauma, and weakened immune system because of certain medications used or illness. […] Yes, because plantar warts are caused by a viral infection (see above) it is possible to spread the virus and the condition from person to person. […] In up to 60% of cases, plantar warts exhibit „spontaneous remission.” This disappearance of the wart is because of the action of the body’s immune system. […] Untreated, plantar warts may grow up to 1 inch across and spread into clusters.

• #85 Plantar Wart

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Derm/Wart/PlntrWrt.htm

  More common in children, adolescents and young adults. […] Plantar Warts responsible for a third of warts. […] Affects up to 20% of children ages 4 to 12 years old. […] Two thirds of Plantar Warts resolve by 2 years without treatment. […] Recurrence after treatment is common.

• #86 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29379975/

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] However, certain populations have been observed to manifest plantar warts at higher rates compared with the general population, placing them at increased risk for wart-induced pain and complications. […] This literature review outlines the current knowledge regarding the relationship between plantar wart pathophysiology, HPV transmission, and epidemiologic characteristics. […] Given the high propensity for treatment resistance of plantar warts and no established, practical, and reliable method of prevention, HPV prophylaxis for populations that demonstrate high rates of plantar warts may be of benefit in controlling the spread of lesions.

• #87 Plantar Warts Background Information

  https://verrica.com/key_publications/plantar-warts-background-information/

  Plantar warts shed HPV, which can then infect other sites in the plantar region or spread to other people. […] Given the high propensity for treatment resistance of plantar warts and no established, practical, and reliable method of prevention, HPV prophylaxis for populations that demonstrate high rates of plantar warts may be of benefit in controlling the spread of lesions.

• #88 How to Prevent Plantar Warts: Tips for Keeping Your Feet Wart-Free – Goodless Dermatology

  https://goodlessdermatology.com/posts/news/how-to-prevent-plantar-warts-tips-for-keeping-your-feet-wart-free/

  Plantar warts, though often harmless, can be an uncomfortable and sometimes painful issue affecting the soles of the feet. Caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), plantar warts are highly contagious and thrive in warm, moist environments like public pools and showers. […] Since plantar warts are contagious, they can spread easily in communal areas, especially where people walk barefoot. […] Preventing plantar warts involves practicing good foot hygiene, protecting your feet in public spaces, and taking care of any cuts or abrasions. […] Public places like swimming pools, locker rooms, and communal showers are breeding grounds for the HPV virus. […] A healthy immune system is essential for fighting off infections, including HPV. […] While plantar warts often go away on their own, it’s important to seek professional help if a wart becomes painful, spreads, or does not respond to home treatments. […] Early diagnosis and treatment from a dermatologist can prevent plantar warts from worsening and help ensure faster recovery.

• #89 Swimming Pools and Plantar Warts – Foot and Ankle Specialists of the Mid-Atlantic

  https://footandankle-usa.com/swimming-pools-and-plantar-warts/

  You can reduce your risk of plantar warts (verruca plantaris) this summer by simply following a few precautions listed below: […] Reference: Witchey DJ, Witchey NB, Roth-kauffman MM, Kauffman MK. Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management. J Am Osteopath. 2018;118(2):92-105.

• #90 HPV infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hpv-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20351596

  Plantar warts are hard, grainy growths that usually appear on the heels or balls of the feet. These warts might cause discomfort. […] Plantar warts are caused by the same type of virus that causes warts on the hands and fingers. But, because of where they are, they can be painful. […] To lower the risk of contracting HPV infections that cause plantar warts, wear flip-flops or other shoes on public pool decks and in locker rooms.

• #91 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29379975/

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] However, certain populations have been observed to manifest plantar warts at higher rates compared with the general population, placing them at increased risk for wart-induced pain and complications. […] This literature review outlines the current knowledge regarding the relationship between plantar wart pathophysiology, HPV transmission, and epidemiologic characteristics. […] Given the high propensity for treatment resistance of plantar warts and no established, practical, and reliable method of prevention, HPV prophylaxis for populations that demonstrate high rates of plantar warts may be of benefit in controlling the spread of lesions.

• #92 Plantar Warts Background Information

  https://verrica.com/key_publications/plantar-warts-background-information/

  Plantar warts shed HPV, which can then infect other sites in the plantar region or spread to other people. […] Given the high propensity for treatment resistance of plantar warts and no established, practical, and reliable method of prevention, HPV prophylaxis for populations that demonstrate high rates of plantar warts may be of benefit in controlling the spread of lesions.

• #93 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management – Journal of Osteopathic Medicine

  https://jom.osteopathic.org/abstract/plantar-warts-epidemiology-pathophysiology-and-clinical-management/

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] However, certain populations have been observed to manifest plantar warts at higher rates compared with the general population, placing them at increased risk for wart-induced pain and complications. […] Given the high propensity for treatment resistance of plantar warts and no established, practical, and reliable method of prevention, HPV prophylaxis for populations that demonstrate high rates of plantar warts may be of benefit in controlling the spread of lesions.

• #94 Frontiers in Medical Case ReportsMedical Research Online Library-Open Access

  https://www.jmedicalcasereports.org/article_html.php?did=13902&issueno=0

  Plantar warts (PWs) or verrucae plantaris are cutaneous lesions on the plantar aspect of the foot, caused by some genotypes of the double-stranded DNA virus, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 27, 29, 57, 60, 63, 65, 66 and 69. […] Viral particles are shed from warts and are easily transmitted through common floors, shared footwear, swimming pools and bathrooms. […] The standard treatment at bulk-billed Medicare clinics is ablative therapy with liquid nitrogen (MBS online n.d.) and scraping which may cause intense side effects. […] Notably, a few case studies have shown the efficacy of HPV nonavalent vaccine (Gardasil) Merck Sharp Dohme (Australia) on PW treatment (Daniel and Murrell, 2013, Landis et al., 2012, Abeck et al., 2015, Landini et al., 2015). […] This case study adds to the support of the use of Gardasil 9 in populations that have not being previously vaccinated as a therapeutic intervention for treating plantar warts. […] Future studies on genotypes of the virus in the wart will enhance justification of this proposition.

• #95 Warts – Dermatologic Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/viral-skin-diseases/warts

  Warts are almost universal in the population; they affect patients of all ages but are most common among children and are uncommon among older adults. […] Plantar warts in particular can make walking and standing uncomfortable. […] Treatment of plantar warts is vigorous maceration with 40% SCA plaster kept in place for several days. The combination of 17% SCA and 2.5% 5-fluorouracil under tape occlusion for 8 to 12 hours is also effective. […] For plantar warts that are recurrent or challenging to treat, intralesional approaches may be attempted. […] HPV vaccines protect against some of the types of HPV that cause warts and cancer.

• #96 Frontiers in Medical Case ReportsMedical Research Online Library-Open Access

  https://www.jmedicalcasereports.org/article_html.php?did=13902&issueno=0

  Plantar warts (PWs) or verrucae plantaris are cutaneous lesions on the plantar aspect of the foot, caused by some genotypes of the double-stranded DNA virus, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 27, 29, 57, 60, 63, 65, 66 and 69. […] Viral particles are shed from warts and are easily transmitted through common floors, shared footwear, swimming pools and bathrooms. […] The standard treatment at bulk-billed Medicare clinics is ablative therapy with liquid nitrogen (MBS online n.d.) and scraping which may cause intense side effects. […] Notably, a few case studies have shown the efficacy of HPV nonavalent vaccine (Gardasil) Merck Sharp Dohme (Australia) on PW treatment (Daniel and Murrell, 2013, Landis et al., 2012, Abeck et al., 2015, Landini et al., 2015). […] This case study adds to the support of the use of Gardasil 9 in populations that have not being previously vaccinated as a therapeutic intervention for treating plantar warts. […] Future studies on genotypes of the virus in the wart will enhance justification of this proposition.

• #97 Detection of Human Papillomavirus among Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Cutaneous Warts by PCR Method

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jide/journal-of-infectious-diseases-and-epidemiology-jide-3-032.php?jid=jide

  Human cutaneous warts are prevalent worldwide and are caused by Human Papillomavirus. […] The prevalence of HPV in common wart was 95.1% (154/162), plantar wart was 89.2% (124/139), flat wart, and the combination of common and plantar wart, common and flat wart were all 100% (6/6, 15/15, 1/1). The overall positive HPV detection rate in cutaneous warts was 93.2%. […] HPV DNA was detected in 93.2% of cutaneous warts, a rate which is higher than those reported in previous studies. This is probably because FAP primer set is capable of detecting multiple HPV types in each sample. […] This method may also have the potential to determine HPV prevalence in larger series of skin carcinomas, benign lesions and normal skin of post-transplant population.

• #98 Detection of Human Papillomavirus among Patients with Clinically Diagnosed Cutaneous Warts by PCR Method

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jide/journal-of-infectious-diseases-and-epidemiology-jide-3-032.php?jid=jide

  Human cutaneous warts are prevalent worldwide and are caused by Human Papillomavirus. […] The prevalence of HPV in common wart was 95.1% (154/162), plantar wart was 89.2% (124/139), flat wart, and the combination of common and plantar wart, common and flat wart were all 100% (6/6, 15/15, 1/1). The overall positive HPV detection rate in cutaneous warts was 93.2%. […] HPV DNA was detected in 93.2% of cutaneous warts, a rate which is higher than those reported in previous studies. This is probably because FAP primer set is capable of detecting multiple HPV types in each sample. […] This method may also have the potential to determine HPV prevalence in larger series of skin carcinomas, benign lesions and normal skin of post-transplant population.

• #99 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271

  Verrucae (or plantar warts) are extremely common, being experienced by most people at some time during their lives. Studies that have examined the prevalence of warts or verrucae have produced a wide range of estimates from 0.84% in the US, 3.3% to 4.7% in the UK, and up to 24% in 16-18 year olds in Australia. […] Almost two million people in England and Wales see their general practitioner for the treatment of cutaneous warts each year, at an annual cost of at least 40m. […] A Cochrane systematic review assessed the effects of different local treatments of cutaneous, non-genital warts and highlighted considerable uncertainty around the optimal treatment. […] The Cochrane systematic review further highlighted the lack of good quality evidence on which to inform clinical decision making.

• #100 Common and plantar warts

  https://treatwithswift.com/en-us/treatment/common-and-plantar-warts

  An estimated 40% of the population is infected with HPV and in approximately 7-12% a wart develops (Witchey et al., 2018). […] Warts that do not resolve on their own continually pose a risk of re-infection at other sites and transmission to other people. […] They can also potentially become painful due to pressure that may be exerted onto the lesion, causing it to progress deeper into the skin (Witchey et al., 2018).

• #101 Plantar Warts – Verrica Pharmaceuticals

  https://verrica.com/keypublication_groups/plantar-warts/

  Given the high propensity for treatment resistance of plantar warts and no established, practical, and reliable method of prevention, HPV prophylaxis for populations that demonstrate high rates of plantar warts may be of benefit in controlling the spread of lesions. […] The degree of HPV exposure in the family and school class contributes to the development of warts in schoolchildren. Preventive recommendations should focus more on limiting HPV transmission in families and school classes, rather than in public places.

• #102 JMI – The Journal of mycology and infection

  https://e-jmi.org/archive/detail/151?is_paper=y

  Plantar wart is a common dermatologic disease encountered in outpatient clinics. Clinical trials for the treatment of plantar warts have been conducted, but only a few studies have focused on the epidemiological factors of plantar warts. […] This study aims to analyze the epidemiological factors for plantar warts in Korean individuals at a single institution. […] A total of 176 patients were included in this retrospective study. Plantar warts are more common in younger ages, and men tend to have higher rates of plantar warts than women (M:F = 3:1). The patients showed a higher incidence of plantar warts during winter (29.0%), of which 74.4% were urban residents. […] This study offers valuable information about the epidemiological factors of plantar warts in South Korea. These contents will be used for lifestyle education to prevent the recurrence of plantar warts.

• #103 JMI – The Journal of mycology and infection

  https://e-jmi.org/archive/detail/151?is_paper=y

  The overall risk of verruca plantaris/vulgaris is about twofold greater in individuals with hyperhidrosis. […] Notably, in this study, 27.8% of the patients reported having family members with warts, with a significantly higher prevalence among women (p = 0.026). […] This study emphasizes the need for research to develop prophylactic measures in preventing plantar wart occurrence and HPV transmission.

Zobacz więcej