Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chest Pain Treatment at Well-Key Urgent Care Walk-In Clinic

  https://www.wellkeyhealth.com/about/patient-education/treatment-for-chest-pain/

  Chest pain can be frightening, and should always be taken very seriously. If you are experiencing severe pain or a crushing, squeezing pressure in your chest, especially if this pain moves into your neck, left shoulder or arm, you should seek emergency medical care immediately. […] If you are experiencing acute pain, seek emergency medical care right away. While waiting for an ambulance or in transit to a hospital you may want to take two to four chewable baby aspirin or a single adult aspirin which are proven to help decrease clot formation in the coronary arteries. Home treatment for angina (mild, recurring chest pain), aside from doctor prescribed nitroglycerin tablets, includes rest, balanced eating, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol and tobacco consumption, stress management and an exercise regimen as guided by your physician.

• #2 Chest pain: 27 causes, symptoms, and when to see a doctor

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321650

  Chest pain can stem from a heart problem, but other possible causes include a lung infection, muscle strain, a rib injury, or a panic attack. Some of these are serious conditions and need medical attention. […] If someone thinks they are having a heart attack, they should seek emergency medical help. The quicker a person can get to the ER, the quicker treatment can begin. […] Getting prompt treatment increases a persons chances of survival and potentially reduces the severity of the damage to the heart. […] Aortic dissection and a severe aortic aneurysm are emergencies and require immediate medical help. […] A person who notices this should seek medical advice, as it can worsen over time and lead to other complications, such as blood clots and heart failure. […] Pulmonary embolisms can be life threatening without urgent treatment.

• #3 Heart attack | Heart and Stroke Foundation

  https://www.heartandstroke.ca/heart-disease/conditions/heart-attack

  Early treatment for a heart attack can prevent or limit damage to the heart muscle. […] Act fast by calling 911 at the first symptoms of a heart attack. Emergency treatment can begin in the ambulance on the way to the hospital. […] Treatment for a heart attack may include medication, surgery and lifestyle changes. You and your doctor will discuss the treatment options and decide which is best for you and your circumstances. […] Medications used to treat heart attack include: ASA (Aspirin) and other antiplatelet agents, thrombolytics clot-busting drugs, blood thinners (anticoagulants), nitroglycerin, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, pain relievers, statins. […] Surgical options to improve blood flow to your heart may include: percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (coronary angioplasty with stent), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). […] You can lower your risk of developing other heart diseases and stroke by knowing and controlling your blood pressure, diabetes and blood cholesterol. It is also important to lead a healthy lifestyle. […] Talk to your doctor about the lifestyle changes that will benefit you the most.

• #4 Chest Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/

  Chest pain is a common complaint and encompasses a broad differential diagnosis that includes several life-threatening causes. A workup must focus on ruling out serious pathology before a clinician considers more benign causes. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with chest pain. […] […] A complete discussion of the management of ACS is beyond the scope of this paper; however, initial steps should be performed in patients with a diagnosis of ACS. Place patient on a cardiac monitor, establish intravascular access (IV) access, give 162 mg to 325 mg chewable aspirin, clopidogrel, or ticagrelor (unless bypass surgery is imminent), control pain and consider oxygen (O2) therapy. Nitroglycerin has shown a mortality benefit, aiming for a 10% mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduction in normotensive patients and a 30% MAP reduction in hypertensive patients; avoid in hypotensive patients and those with inferior ST elevation. Patients with ST elevation on ECG patients should receive immediate reperfusion therapy, either pharmacologic (thrombolytics) or transfer to the catheterization laboratory for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PCI is preferred and should be initiated within 90 minutes onsite or 120 minutes if transferred to an outside facility. If PCI is not possible, thrombolytics should be initiated within 30 min. Patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina should be admitted for a cardiology consult and workup. Patients with stable angina may be appropriate for outpatient workup. In elderly patients and those with comorbidities, patients should be admitted for observation and further cardiac workup.

• #5 Chest pain – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370842

  Chest pain treatment depends on what’s causing the pain. […] Medicines used to treat some of the most common causes of chest pain include: […] Nitroglycerin. This medicine is given when your healthcare team thinks your chest pain is due to blocked arteries in the heart. It’s often taken as a tablet under the tongue. The medicine relaxes heart arteries so blood can flow more easily. […] Blood pressure medicines. Some blood pressure medicines also relax and widen blood vessels. This can ease chest pain related to the heart. […] Aspirin. If healthcare professionals think that your chest pain is related to your heart, you may be given aspirin. The aspirin does not take away the chest pain. But it’s part of the treatment for patients who have or may have blockages in the heart arteries.

• #6 Chest Pain (Angina) Treatment Options | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/chest-pain-angina/treatment-options

  The good news about angina is that its a condition that is well understood and managed through lifestyle changes, medications and, in certain cases, surgery. […] People with angina should avoid activities or situations that trigger symptoms. […] Talk with your doctor about an exercise plan that is safe for you. You may also benefit from a formal cardiac rehabilitation program with exercise training and counseling. […] Nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, are prescribed to relieve angina symptoms. […] Other drugs to treat angina include: beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors (to improve blood flow, slow the heart rate, and/or reduce the strain on the heart); aspirin or anticoagulants (to prevent blood clots) and statins (to reduce cholesterol). […] The goal of angina treatment is to reduce the frequency and severity of your symptoms.

• #7 Treatment

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/angina/treatment

  Staying active, not smoking, and adopting healthy eating habits are important ways to control your symptoms. Medications prescribed by your health care team may also help. Some of the medications help lessen the risk of factors that lead to angina and heart disease, while others help ease symptoms […] Your health care professional will help you find the best combination of medications and treatments to manage your condition. […] Several medications are used to control the symptoms of angina. […] Beta blockers help ease the work the heart has to do by slowing down your heart rate and lowering your blood pressure. If you have had a heart attack, these medications will help prevent another one and help you live longer. […] Nitroglycerin and nitrates increase blood flow to the heart by opening up, or dilating, the blood vessels in the body. This allows blood to flow to the heart muscle more easily when coronary arteries are narrowed. It also decreases the workload on the heart to supply blood to the body.

• #8

  https://www.healthxchange.sg/heart-lungs/heart-disease/medication-chest-pain-angina

  Angina pectoris (chest pain) signals coronary artery disease (CAD). […] Treatment of angina (angina pectoris) varies according to the severity of the condition. In most cases where patients suffer from mild angina, a combination of lifestyle changes and medication can help control symptoms. […] Medicine used to treat angina work either by increasing the amount of oxygen delivered to the heart or reducing the hearts need for oxygen. […] Nitrates can prevent angina attacks and also relieve symptoms of angina. They work by relaxing blood vessels to the heart, thus increasing blood and oxygen supply. […] Besides preventing chest pain, beta blockers are also commonly used in the long term treatment of heart attack patients. According to Prof Fam, they help reduce workload of the heart by lowering heart rate and blood pressure.

• #9 Chest Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/

  Chest pain is a common complaint and encompasses a broad differential diagnosis that includes several life-threatening causes. A workup must focus on ruling out serious pathology before a clinician considers more benign causes. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with chest pain. […] […] A complete discussion of the management of ACS is beyond the scope of this paper; however, initial steps should be performed in patients with a diagnosis of ACS. Place patient on a cardiac monitor, establish intravascular access (IV) access, give 162 mg to 325 mg chewable aspirin, clopidogrel, or ticagrelor (unless bypass surgery is imminent), control pain and consider oxygen (O2) therapy. Nitroglycerin has shown a mortality benefit, aiming for a 10% mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduction in normotensive patients and a 30% MAP reduction in hypertensive patients; avoid in hypotensive patients and those with inferior ST elevation. Patients with ST elevation on ECG patients should receive immediate reperfusion therapy, either pharmacologic (thrombolytics) or transfer to the catheterization laboratory for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PCI is preferred and should be initiated within 90 minutes onsite or 120 minutes if transferred to an outside facility. If PCI is not possible, thrombolytics should be initiated within 30 min. Patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina should be admitted for a cardiology consult and workup. Patients with stable angina may be appropriate for outpatient workup. In elderly patients and those with comorbidities, patients should be admitted for observation and further cardiac workup.

• #10 Chest pain – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370842

  Chest pain treatment depends on what’s causing the pain. […] Medicines used to treat some of the most common causes of chest pain include: […] Nitroglycerin. This medicine is given when your healthcare team thinks your chest pain is due to blocked arteries in the heart. It’s often taken as a tablet under the tongue. The medicine relaxes heart arteries so blood can flow more easily. […] Blood pressure medicines. Some blood pressure medicines also relax and widen blood vessels. This can ease chest pain related to the heart. […] Aspirin. If healthcare professionals think that your chest pain is related to your heart, you may be given aspirin. The aspirin does not take away the chest pain. But it’s part of the treatment for patients who have or may have blockages in the heart arteries.

• #11 Heart Attack Treatment | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/treatment-of-a-heart-attack

  Heart attack treatment involves a variety of medications. This list provides an overview of common types. You can also learn about cardiac medications in more detail. […] Some people are treated with two types of antiplatelet agents at the same time to prevent blood clotting. This is called dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). It can be used for people who have: Heart attacks, Stents placed in their coronary arteries, Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). […] The type of medication and length of treatment will vary based on your condition and other risk factors. The risks and benefits of DAPT should be discussed with your health care team.

• #12 10 home remedies for heart pain

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321133

  Chest pain can be a sign of a heart attack, which needs urgent medical attention. But other possible causes, such as muscle strain and heartburn, may respond to home treatment, such as ginger or cool packs. […] Home remedies for heart pain are meant to treat infrequent chest pain that is due to digestive issues, such as gas, muscle strains, and anxiety. […] The home remedies below should only be used when a person has been examined by a doctor and is certain that the chest pain is not caused by something serious, such as a heart attack. […] A person may want to take aspirin if they have chest pain. A pain reliever, such as aspirin, can help alleviate the heart pain associated with less severe cases. […] According to the American Heart Association, some healthcare professionals may recommend consistent use of low dose aspirin to help prevent heart attacks.

• #13 How to Treat Chest Pain Emergencies | Unitek EMT

  https://www.unitekemt.com/blog/chest-pain-emergencies/

  Chest pain, or chest discomfort, is the fourth most common emergency that EMS professionals respond to, accounting for about 10% of all EMS calls. […] When treating their patients, medical first responders will often pay close attention to how the chest pain is described to better understand the severity of the emergency. […] The type, severity, duration, and associated symptoms of chest pain can help guide the diagnosis and treatment of this medical emergency. […] Management of chest pain is based on the underlying cause. Initial treatment often includes medications, like aspirin and nitroglycerin. […] If you have unexplained chest pain lasting more than a few minutes, you should seek emergency medical help immediately. […] Chewing 2 tablets of aspirin (150 mg) may reduce the risk of death by as much as 24% if taken in the early stages of a heart attack.

• #14 Chest pain – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370842

  Clot-busting drugs, also called thrombolytics. If you are having a heart attack, you may get these medicines. They work to dissolve the clot that is blocking blood from reaching the heart muscle. […] Blood thinners. If you have a clot in an artery going to your heart or lungs, you may get these medicines to prevent future clots. […] Acid-reducing medicines. These medicines reduce stomach acid. They may be suggested if you have heartburn. […] Anti-anxiety medicines. If you’re having panic attacks, your healthcare professional may recommend these medicines. Talk therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, also might be recommended. […] Other treatments for some of the most dangerous causes of chest pain include: […] Angioplasty and stent placement. This treatment helps remove a blockage in an artery going to the heart. The doctor inserts a thin tube with a balloon on the end into a large blood vessel, usually in the groin, and guides it to the heart. The balloon expands. This widens the artery. The balloon is deflated and removed with the tube. A small wire mesh tube called a stent is often placed in the artery to keep it open.

• #15 Chest Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/

  Chest pain is a common complaint and encompasses a broad differential diagnosis that includes several life-threatening causes. A workup must focus on ruling out serious pathology before a clinician considers more benign causes. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with chest pain. […] […] A complete discussion of the management of ACS is beyond the scope of this paper; however, initial steps should be performed in patients with a diagnosis of ACS. Place patient on a cardiac monitor, establish intravascular access (IV) access, give 162 mg to 325 mg chewable aspirin, clopidogrel, or ticagrelor (unless bypass surgery is imminent), control pain and consider oxygen (O2) therapy. Nitroglycerin has shown a mortality benefit, aiming for a 10% mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduction in normotensive patients and a 30% MAP reduction in hypertensive patients; avoid in hypotensive patients and those with inferior ST elevation. Patients with ST elevation on ECG patients should receive immediate reperfusion therapy, either pharmacologic (thrombolytics) or transfer to the catheterization laboratory for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PCI is preferred and should be initiated within 90 minutes onsite or 120 minutes if transferred to an outside facility. If PCI is not possible, thrombolytics should be initiated within 30 min. Patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina should be admitted for a cardiology consult and workup. Patients with stable angina may be appropriate for outpatient workup. In elderly patients and those with comorbidities, patients should be admitted for observation and further cardiac workup.

• #16 Chest pain – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370842

  Clot-busting drugs, also called thrombolytics. If you are having a heart attack, you may get these medicines. They work to dissolve the clot that is blocking blood from reaching the heart muscle. […] Blood thinners. If you have a clot in an artery going to your heart or lungs, you may get these medicines to prevent future clots. […] Acid-reducing medicines. These medicines reduce stomach acid. They may be suggested if you have heartburn. […] Anti-anxiety medicines. If you’re having panic attacks, your healthcare professional may recommend these medicines. Talk therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, also might be recommended. […] Other treatments for some of the most dangerous causes of chest pain include: […] Angioplasty and stent placement. This treatment helps remove a blockage in an artery going to the heart. The doctor inserts a thin tube with a balloon on the end into a large blood vessel, usually in the groin, and guides it to the heart. The balloon expands. This widens the artery. The balloon is deflated and removed with the tube. A small wire mesh tube called a stent is often placed in the artery to keep it open.

• #17 Chest Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/

  […] CTPA is the best confirmatory test, a VQ scan can also be used, but this test is not as accurate in patients with chronic lung disease. Patients who are hemodynamically unstable should be started on thrombolytics; stable patients should be started on anticoagulants. […] […] Pneumothorax should be decompressed with a chest tube. […] […] Bedside ultrasound is useful for establishing a diagnosis. A fluid bolus may be used as a temporizing measure. Needle pericardiotomy or pericardial window to relieve pressure inside the pericardial sack. […] […] Often immediate surgery is required; consult cardiothoracic surgery early. CT angiography is the best test to evaluate for dissection. Place two large-boar IVs and quickly lower the patients blood pressure to systolic between 100 mmHg to 130 mmHg. Start with beta-blocker therapy to prevent reflux tachycardia.

• #18 Chest Pain (Angina) Treatment Options | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/chest-pain-angina/treatment-options

  The good news about angina is that its a condition that is well understood and managed through lifestyle changes, medications and, in certain cases, surgery. […] People with angina should avoid activities or situations that trigger symptoms. […] Talk with your doctor about an exercise plan that is safe for you. You may also benefit from a formal cardiac rehabilitation program with exercise training and counseling. […] Nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, are prescribed to relieve angina symptoms. […] Other drugs to treat angina include: beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors (to improve blood flow, slow the heart rate, and/or reduce the strain on the heart); aspirin or anticoagulants (to prevent blood clots) and statins (to reduce cholesterol). […] The goal of angina treatment is to reduce the frequency and severity of your symptoms.

• #19 Treatment

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/angina/treatment

  Staying active, not smoking, and adopting healthy eating habits are important ways to control your symptoms. Medications prescribed by your health care team may also help. Some of the medications help lessen the risk of factors that lead to angina and heart disease, while others help ease symptoms […] Your health care professional will help you find the best combination of medications and treatments to manage your condition. […] Several medications are used to control the symptoms of angina. […] Beta blockers help ease the work the heart has to do by slowing down your heart rate and lowering your blood pressure. If you have had a heart attack, these medications will help prevent another one and help you live longer. […] Nitroglycerin and nitrates increase blood flow to the heart by opening up, or dilating, the blood vessels in the body. This allows blood to flow to the heart muscle more easily when coronary arteries are narrowed. It also decreases the workload on the heart to supply blood to the body.

• #20 Chest Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/

  […] CTPA is the best confirmatory test, a VQ scan can also be used, but this test is not as accurate in patients with chronic lung disease. Patients who are hemodynamically unstable should be started on thrombolytics; stable patients should be started on anticoagulants. […] […] Pneumothorax should be decompressed with a chest tube. […] […] Bedside ultrasound is useful for establishing a diagnosis. A fluid bolus may be used as a temporizing measure. Needle pericardiotomy or pericardial window to relieve pressure inside the pericardial sack. […] […] Often immediate surgery is required; consult cardiothoracic surgery early. CT angiography is the best test to evaluate for dissection. Place two large-boar IVs and quickly lower the patients blood pressure to systolic between 100 mmHg to 130 mmHg. Start with beta-blocker therapy to prevent reflux tachycardia.

• #21 Treatment

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/angina/treatment

  Calcium channel blockers, like beta blockers, help ease the work the heart has to do by slowing down your heart rate and lowering your blood pressure. […] Ranolazine may be prescribed in some cases. This medicine helps the heart relax and not have to work as hard. […] Opening up narrowed coronary arteries to restore blood flow to the area of the heart muscle that is not getting enough can relieve the symptoms of angina. […] These treatments can improve quality of life for patients with advanced coronary artery disease. […] Your treatment will depend on your symptoms and preferences, how many narrowed or blocked arteries you have and where they are, your age, overall health, and other risk factors. […] Cardiac rehabilitation (rehab) is typically a 12-week, medically supervised program. It includes counseling on how to exercise safely, eat heart healthy, manage stress and quit smoking.

• #22

  https://www.healthxchange.sg/heart-lungs/heart-disease/medication-chest-pain-angina

  Calcium channel blockers control chest pain by relaxing blood vessels to increase blood supply to the heart, while slowing down heart rate. […] By preserving the energy metabolism of heart muscle cells, trimetazidine helps to reduce the frequency of angina attacks and reduce the use of nitrates. […] In conclusion, medical therapy has been used effectively in the treatment of heart attack. While most patients tolerate the medications well, there is still a possibility of developing side effects to these medications. Always consult a doctor if you notice possible side effects or experience a worsening of your condition such as an increase in severity or frequency of angina as this means that your treatment may have to be adjusted.

• #23 What Is Angina? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/angina/guide/

  Treatment for angina may involve medication or a cardiac procedure. […] Medication your doctor may recommend includes: Antiplatelet Agents and Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT), which prevent platelets from sticking together to form clots. […] Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors relax the blood vessels to reduce blood pressure. […] Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) prevent blood vessels from constricting, which lowers blood pressure. […] Beta-Blockers lower blood pressure and are used to treat a number of cardiovascular problems, including congestive heart failure and heart attack. […] Diuretics are water pills that rid the body of extra water and lower blood pressure. […] Vasodilators are drugs that work to open the blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more easily and reduce blood pressure.

• #24 Chest Pain (Angina) Treatment Options | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/chest-pain-angina/treatment-options

  The good news about angina is that its a condition that is well understood and managed through lifestyle changes, medications and, in certain cases, surgery. […] People with angina should avoid activities or situations that trigger symptoms. […] Talk with your doctor about an exercise plan that is safe for you. You may also benefit from a formal cardiac rehabilitation program with exercise training and counseling. […] Nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, are prescribed to relieve angina symptoms. […] Other drugs to treat angina include: beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors (to improve blood flow, slow the heart rate, and/or reduce the strain on the heart); aspirin or anticoagulants (to prevent blood clots) and statins (to reduce cholesterol). […] The goal of angina treatment is to reduce the frequency and severity of your symptoms.

• #25 Angina

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/angina/

  If you’ve been diagnosed with angina and get chest pain, follow the instructions you’ve been given for treating your angina: […] Use any medicine you’ve been prescribed this is usually glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). […] If you still have symptoms 5 minutes after taking the 2nd dose, call 999 for an ambulance. […] You could be having a heart attack. Call 999 straight away as you need immediate treatment in hospital. […] Get help from NHS 111 if: […] you’ve been diagnosed with angina and it feels worse than before, is happening more often, lasts longer or happens when you’re resting. […] If you have angina, you may be given medicine to: […] treat an angina attack if you have one (glyceryl trinitrate) […] lower your chances of having an angina attack, such as beta blockers […] reduce your risk of having a stroke or heart attack, such as low-dose aspirin or statins.

• #26 Chest Pain (Angina) Treatment Options | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/chest-pain-angina/treatment-options

  The good news about angina is that its a condition that is well understood and managed through lifestyle changes, medications and, in certain cases, surgery. […] People with angina should avoid activities or situations that trigger symptoms. […] Talk with your doctor about an exercise plan that is safe for you. You may also benefit from a formal cardiac rehabilitation program with exercise training and counseling. […] Nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, are prescribed to relieve angina symptoms. […] Other drugs to treat angina include: beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors (to improve blood flow, slow the heart rate, and/or reduce the strain on the heart); aspirin or anticoagulants (to prevent blood clots) and statins (to reduce cholesterol). […] The goal of angina treatment is to reduce the frequency and severity of your symptoms.

• #27 Treatment

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/angina/treatment

  Calcium channel blockers, like beta blockers, help ease the work the heart has to do by slowing down your heart rate and lowering your blood pressure. […] Ranolazine may be prescribed in some cases. This medicine helps the heart relax and not have to work as hard. […] Opening up narrowed coronary arteries to restore blood flow to the area of the heart muscle that is not getting enough can relieve the symptoms of angina. […] These treatments can improve quality of life for patients with advanced coronary artery disease. […] Your treatment will depend on your symptoms and preferences, how many narrowed or blocked arteries you have and where they are, your age, overall health, and other risk factors. […] Cardiac rehabilitation (rehab) is typically a 12-week, medically supervised program. It includes counseling on how to exercise safely, eat heart healthy, manage stress and quit smoking.

• #28

  https://www.healthxchange.sg/heart-lungs/heart-disease/medication-chest-pain-angina

  Calcium channel blockers control chest pain by relaxing blood vessels to increase blood supply to the heart, while slowing down heart rate. […] By preserving the energy metabolism of heart muscle cells, trimetazidine helps to reduce the frequency of angina attacks and reduce the use of nitrates. […] In conclusion, medical therapy has been used effectively in the treatment of heart attack. While most patients tolerate the medications well, there is still a possibility of developing side effects to these medications. Always consult a doctor if you notice possible side effects or experience a worsening of your condition such as an increase in severity or frequency of angina as this means that your treatment may have to be adjusted.

• #29 Chest pain – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370842

  Clot-busting drugs, also called thrombolytics. If you are having a heart attack, you may get these medicines. They work to dissolve the clot that is blocking blood from reaching the heart muscle. […] Blood thinners. If you have a clot in an artery going to your heart or lungs, you may get these medicines to prevent future clots. […] Acid-reducing medicines. These medicines reduce stomach acid. They may be suggested if you have heartburn. […] Anti-anxiety medicines. If you’re having panic attacks, your healthcare professional may recommend these medicines. Talk therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, also might be recommended. […] Other treatments for some of the most dangerous causes of chest pain include: […] Angioplasty and stent placement. This treatment helps remove a blockage in an artery going to the heart. The doctor inserts a thin tube with a balloon on the end into a large blood vessel, usually in the groin, and guides it to the heart. The balloon expands. This widens the artery. The balloon is deflated and removed with the tube. A small wire mesh tube called a stent is often placed in the artery to keep it open.

• #30 Angina (Chest Pain) – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/angina/treatment

  The choice of medicines may depend on what type of angina you have. […] If you cannot take beta-blockers, long-acting nitrates are the preferred alternative. […] If you are hospitalized for chest pain, you may receive intravenous (IV) nitrates to relieve your angina pain as quickly as possible. […] Your provider may also prescribe medicines that lower your chance of having a heart attack, a stroke, or other cardiovascular events. […] If you still have symptoms or experience serious side effects, your healthcare provider may prescribe other medicines. […] If lifestyle changes and medicines cannot manage your angina, you may need a medical procedure to treat the underlying medical condition. […] Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may help treat coronary heart disease and relieve angina. CABG can improve blood flow to your heart, relieve chest pain, and help prevent a heart attack. […] Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), also known as coronary angioplasty, can open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart.

• #31 Chest Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/

  Chest pain is a common complaint and encompasses a broad differential diagnosis that includes several life-threatening causes. A workup must focus on ruling out serious pathology before a clinician considers more benign causes. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with chest pain. […] […] A complete discussion of the management of ACS is beyond the scope of this paper; however, initial steps should be performed in patients with a diagnosis of ACS. Place patient on a cardiac monitor, establish intravascular access (IV) access, give 162 mg to 325 mg chewable aspirin, clopidogrel, or ticagrelor (unless bypass surgery is imminent), control pain and consider oxygen (O2) therapy. Nitroglycerin has shown a mortality benefit, aiming for a 10% mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduction in normotensive patients and a 30% MAP reduction in hypertensive patients; avoid in hypotensive patients and those with inferior ST elevation. Patients with ST elevation on ECG patients should receive immediate reperfusion therapy, either pharmacologic (thrombolytics) or transfer to the catheterization laboratory for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PCI is preferred and should be initiated within 90 minutes onsite or 120 minutes if transferred to an outside facility. If PCI is not possible, thrombolytics should be initiated within 30 min. Patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina should be admitted for a cardiology consult and workup. Patients with stable angina may be appropriate for outpatient workup. In elderly patients and those with comorbidities, patients should be admitted for observation and further cardiac workup.

• #32 Chest pain – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370842

  Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). This is a type of open-heart surgery. During CABG, a surgeon takes a vein or artery from somewhere else in the body. The surgeon uses the blood vessel to create a new path for blood to go around a blocked or narrowed heart artery. The surgery increases blood flow to the heart. […] Emergency repair surgery. You may need emergency heart surgery to repair a ruptured aorta, also called an aortic dissection. It’s a life-threatening condition. […] Lung reinflation. If you have a collapsed lung, a healthcare professional may place a tube in the chest to expand the lung.

• #33 Angina (Chest Pain) – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/angina/treatment

  The choice of medicines may depend on what type of angina you have. […] If you cannot take beta-blockers, long-acting nitrates are the preferred alternative. […] If you are hospitalized for chest pain, you may receive intravenous (IV) nitrates to relieve your angina pain as quickly as possible. […] Your provider may also prescribe medicines that lower your chance of having a heart attack, a stroke, or other cardiovascular events. […] If you still have symptoms or experience serious side effects, your healthcare provider may prescribe other medicines. […] If lifestyle changes and medicines cannot manage your angina, you may need a medical procedure to treat the underlying medical condition. […] Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may help treat coronary heart disease and relieve angina. CABG can improve blood flow to your heart, relieve chest pain, and help prevent a heart attack. […] Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), also known as coronary angioplasty, can open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart.

• #34 Chest Pain (Angina) Treatment Options | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/chest-pain-angina/treatment-options

  Balloon angioplasty is used to open blocked coronary vessels. […] Atherectomy is a blade or laser that is used in combination with a catheter to clear out plaque build-up in a blood vessel. […] Bypass surgery is a common approach that surgeons use to create new routes through which blood can flow around blocked or narrowed arteries.

• #35 What Is Angina? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/angina/guide/

  Depending on your heart condition and whether or not you have heart disease, you may have to undergo one of these cardiac procedures: Angioplasty, in which a catheter is threaded up to the coronary arteries along with a deflated balloon, which is then inflated to open up the blocked arteries. […] Stent Placement, where a wire mesh, called a stent, is often placed during an angioplasty to prop open the artery. […] Atherectomy, which is similar to an angioplasty but cuts away plaque from the artery. […] Heart Valve Surgery, where a diseased or abnormal heart valve is replaced with a healthy one. […] Bypass Surgery, where healthy veins or arteries from other parts of the body are used to reroute blood around the clogged artery. […] Heart Transplant, where a diseased heart is removed and replaced with a healthy one. […] Transmyocardial Revascularization (TMR), a procedure in which a laser is used to drill holes from the outside of the heart into the heart’s pumping chamber, used to treat severe angina in very sick patients who cannot undergo an angioplasty or bypass surgery.

• #36 Chest Pain (Angina) Treatment Options | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/chest-pain-angina/treatment-options

  Balloon angioplasty is used to open blocked coronary vessels. […] Atherectomy is a blade or laser that is used in combination with a catheter to clear out plaque build-up in a blood vessel. […] Bypass surgery is a common approach that surgeons use to create new routes through which blood can flow around blocked or narrowed arteries.

• #37 What Is Angina? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/angina/guide/

  Depending on your heart condition and whether or not you have heart disease, you may have to undergo one of these cardiac procedures: Angioplasty, in which a catheter is threaded up to the coronary arteries along with a deflated balloon, which is then inflated to open up the blocked arteries. […] Stent Placement, where a wire mesh, called a stent, is often placed during an angioplasty to prop open the artery. […] Atherectomy, which is similar to an angioplasty but cuts away plaque from the artery. […] Heart Valve Surgery, where a diseased or abnormal heart valve is replaced with a healthy one. […] Bypass Surgery, where healthy veins or arteries from other parts of the body are used to reroute blood around the clogged artery. […] Heart Transplant, where a diseased heart is removed and replaced with a healthy one. […] Transmyocardial Revascularization (TMR), a procedure in which a laser is used to drill holes from the outside of the heart into the heart’s pumping chamber, used to treat severe angina in very sick patients who cannot undergo an angioplasty or bypass surgery.

• #38 Treatment

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/angina/treatment

  Cardiac rehab can reduce heart symptoms, help control heart risk factors and improve quality of life. […] Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) therapy may be recommended in some patients if you have angina that limits you from your daily activities and that has not improved with standard treatments. […] EECP may generate the formation of small blood vessels in the heart to create a natural bypass around blocked or narrowed arteries. EECP may increase exercise duration and decrease angina.

• #39 Angina (Chest Pain): Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/acute-coronary-syndrome/angina/treatment

  Angina is the result of a heart condition. Often the treatment for the original heart condition will also treat angina. […] Treatment for angina is designed to reduce the frequency of the episodes, decrease the severity of pain and discomfort associated with angina, and lower the risk of a heart attack. […] Other options available to treat angina include: […] Medications are available to treat angina and the pain associated with it. […] Surgery or catheterization procedures may have positive outcomes if other means to control angina have not been successful. […] Another option for treating angina involves using enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP). This non-drug treatment places blood pressure-type cuffs on the calves, thighs, and pelvis. Multiple sessions are usually needed. This treatment has been useful in treating people with uncontrolled angina (refractory angina).

• #40 Chest pain – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370842

  Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). This is a type of open-heart surgery. During CABG, a surgeon takes a vein or artery from somewhere else in the body. The surgeon uses the blood vessel to create a new path for blood to go around a blocked or narrowed heart artery. The surgery increases blood flow to the heart. […] Emergency repair surgery. You may need emergency heart surgery to repair a ruptured aorta, also called an aortic dissection. It’s a life-threatening condition. […] Lung reinflation. If you have a collapsed lung, a healthcare professional may place a tube in the chest to expand the lung.

• #41 Chest pain: 27 causes, symptoms, and when to see a doctor

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321650

  Chest pain can stem from a heart problem, but other possible causes include a lung infection, muscle strain, a rib injury, or a panic attack. Some of these are serious conditions and need medical attention. […] If someone thinks they are having a heart attack, they should seek emergency medical help. The quicker a person can get to the ER, the quicker treatment can begin. […] Getting prompt treatment increases a persons chances of survival and potentially reduces the severity of the damage to the heart. […] Aortic dissection and a severe aortic aneurysm are emergencies and require immediate medical help. […] A person who notices this should seek medical advice, as it can worsen over time and lead to other complications, such as blood clots and heart failure. […] Pulmonary embolisms can be life threatening without urgent treatment.

• #42 Chest pain – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370842

  Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). This is a type of open-heart surgery. During CABG, a surgeon takes a vein or artery from somewhere else in the body. The surgeon uses the blood vessel to create a new path for blood to go around a blocked or narrowed heart artery. The surgery increases blood flow to the heart. […] Emergency repair surgery. You may need emergency heart surgery to repair a ruptured aorta, also called an aortic dissection. It’s a life-threatening condition. […] Lung reinflation. If you have a collapsed lung, a healthcare professional may place a tube in the chest to expand the lung.

• #43 Chest Pain: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/chest-pain

  Your doctor might treat chest pain with medication, noninvasive procedures, surgery, or a combination of these methods. Treatment depends on the cause and severity of your chest pain. […] Treatments for heart-related causes of chest pain include: medications, which may include nitroglycerin and other medications that open partially closed arteries, clot-busting drugs, or blood thinners; cardiac catheterization, which may involve using balloons or stents to open blocked arteries; surgical repair of the arteries, which is also known as coronary artery bypass grafting or bypass surgery. […] Treatments for other causes of chest pain include: lung reinflation for a collapsed lung, which your doctor will perform by inserting a chest tube or related device; antacids or certain procedures for acid reflux and heartburn, which are used to treat the symptoms; anti-anxiety medications, which are used to treat chest pain related to panic attacks.

• #44 Noncardiac Chest Pain: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15851-gerd-non-cardiac-chest-pain

  How is noncardiac chest pain treated? […] Effective treatment depends on identifying the cause of your noncardiac chest pain. Some options include: […] If your noncardiac chest pain is, like most peoples, from GERD, treatment is usually simple and effective. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) are the most commonly used medicine to treat GERD. […] The next most common and effective treatment for noncardiac chest pain is a medicine that blocks the pain signals. […] Noncardiac chest pain can be related to depression, anxiety or stress. Psychotherapy can help you to work through these problems to reduce the occurrence of chest pain.

• #45 Chest Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/

  […] A left pleural effusion on a chest x-ray may suggest esophageal rupture. A contrast esophagram is the best confirmatory test. This is a medical emergency, and an immediate surgical consult is warranted. […] […] The patient can be given viscous lidocaine mixed with Maalox (known as a GI cocktail). While this is therapeutic, it is not diagnostic. ACS can present with dyspepsia and may respond to a GI cocktail; it is, therefore, important to rule out ACS before assigning GERD as a final diagnosis. Long-term treatment of GERD is best accomplished with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or H2 blocker therapy.

• #46 Chest Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/

  […] A left pleural effusion on a chest x-ray may suggest esophageal rupture. A contrast esophagram is the best confirmatory test. This is a medical emergency, and an immediate surgical consult is warranted. […] […] The patient can be given viscous lidocaine mixed with Maalox (known as a GI cocktail). While this is therapeutic, it is not diagnostic. ACS can present with dyspepsia and may respond to a GI cocktail; it is, therefore, important to rule out ACS before assigning GERD as a final diagnosis. Long-term treatment of GERD is best accomplished with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or H2 blocker therapy.

• #47 Chest Pain: Types, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.health.com/chest-pain-8423154

  If non-cardiac conditions are causing your chest pain, treatment options look a bit different. Your healthcare provider may recommend the following ways to find relief, depending on what’s causing your chest pain: taking antacids such as Tums (calcium carbonate) or Prilosec (omeprazole) to improve heartburn; managing obesity through exercise, diet, or weight-loss surgery to reduce acid reflux symptoms; using medications such as thrombolytic drugs or blood thinners to help treat a pulmonary embolism; practicing visualization, meditation, or deep-breathing techniques to relax your body after a panic attack; incorporating lifestyle changes such as getting enough exercise, eating a heart-healthy diet, and quitting smoking to prevent heart disease and cardiac complications; getting antibiotics to reduce pneumonia symptoms; allowing yourself to rest and recover if you’ve experienced a chest injury.

• #48 Chest Pain – Chemocare

  https://chemocare.com/sideeffect/chest-pain

  Chest pain should not be ignored for any reason. Below are some serious symptoms to look for. If you experience any of these symptoms, you should seek emergency care, and then notify your doctor. […] The goal of chest pain is to relieve the cause. […] If you have chest pain due to lung problems, such as pneumonia or pleurisy, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat the condition. You may also have to be hospitalized, depending on how severe your problems are. […] If your chest pain is due to coronary artery spasms, you may be prescribed drugs to control your discomfort. These include nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, which work by increasing blood flow to the heart. Nitrates also decrease the work of the heart by dilating (expanding) the arteries. […] Your doctor or healthcare provider may prescribe certain drugs to help your heart muscle work more effectively, or to control your symptoms. These may include:

• #49 Treatment for Left Side Chest Pain

  https://continentalhospitals.com/blog/treatment-for-left-side-chest-pain/

  For Digestive Issues: Antacids and Proton Pump Inhibitors: These medications can help manage acid reflux and gastritis. […] For Musculoskeletal Problems: Pain Relief Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage pain from costochondritis or muscle strain. Physical Therapy: Exercises and stretches can help relieve muscle strain and improve posture. […] For Respiratory Conditions: Antibiotics: For infections like pneumonia, antibiotics can help clear the infection. […] For Anxiety and Stress: Counseling and Therapy: Addressing the underlying anxiety through therapy can reduce chest pain related to panic attacks. […] Relaxation Techniques: Techniques such as deep breathing exercises and meditation can help manage stress and anxiety. […] Continental Hospitals offers comprehensive diagnostic and treatment options for left side chest pain, focusing on providing the best care for your heart health. […] If you’re experiencing left side chest pain or have concerns about your heart health, Continental Hospitals offers top-notch care and comprehensive diagnostic services to help you get back to feeling your best.

• #50 Chest Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/

  […] CTPA is the best confirmatory test, a VQ scan can also be used, but this test is not as accurate in patients with chronic lung disease. Patients who are hemodynamically unstable should be started on thrombolytics; stable patients should be started on anticoagulants. […] […] Pneumothorax should be decompressed with a chest tube. […] […] Bedside ultrasound is useful for establishing a diagnosis. A fluid bolus may be used as a temporizing measure. Needle pericardiotomy or pericardial window to relieve pressure inside the pericardial sack. […] […] Often immediate surgery is required; consult cardiothoracic surgery early. CT angiography is the best test to evaluate for dissection. Place two large-boar IVs and quickly lower the patients blood pressure to systolic between 100 mmHg to 130 mmHg. Start with beta-blocker therapy to prevent reflux tachycardia.

• #51 17 Home Remedies for Chest Pain

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/chest-pain-remedies-5179658

  Home remedies for getting rid of chest pain may be effective if the pain is the result of a minor medical problem, such as heartburn. […] Sometimes, chest pain is a sign of something more serious like a heart attack, aortic dissection, or pulmonary embolus. These problems require emergency medical attention. […] There are a number of home remedies you can try at home to alleviate minor chest pain. These remedies should only be used if you are certain your chest pain is not caused by something serious, such as a heart attack. […] Chest muscle strain is a common cause of chest pain. If you have chest pain due to muscle strain or injury, icing the area with a cold pack a few times a day may help reduce pain and inflammation. […] Research shows that applying cold packs can help reduce chest pain and may decrease the need for pain relievers, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen.

• #52 COVID Chest Pain: Long Covid Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/covid/covid-19-symptom-chest-pain/

  Chest pain can be one of the more worrying symptoms of the COVID-19 infection – but its a regularly reported symptom. […] Chest pain with COVID might be an emergency sign indicating that you need medical treatment. […] The most common reasons for chest pain with COVID include muscular pain, lung problems, and cardiovascular problems. […] If COVID causes your chest pain, then treatment for COVID might be necessary. Additional treatment to relieve the chest pain may be provided, depending on the specific cause of your chest pain. These can include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, intercostal nerve blocks, and acetaminophen. […] Treatment for your chest pain associated with COVID-19 will be individualized based on your medical history, underlying health conditions, and severity of symptoms.

• #53 Chest pain – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chest_pain

  Management of chest pain is based on the underlying cause. […] Initial treatment often includes the medications aspirin and nitroglycerin. […] The response to treatment does not usually indicate whether the pain is heart-related. […] For people with non-cardiac chest pain, cognitive behavioral therapy might be helpful on an outpatient basis. […] A proton-pump inhibitor has been shown to be the most effective treatment for persons with chest pain due to gastroesophageal reflux disease. […] A combination therapy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and manipulation therapy with at-home exercises has been shown to be most effective in treatment of musculoskeletal chest pain.

• #54 What Is The Treatment For Managing Chest Wall Pain?

  https://illinoispain.com/blog/treatments-managing-chest-wall-pain/

  If the chest pain is caused by an injury in your spine, then spinal cord stimulation may be useful to help restore form and function to your vertebrae. […] Musculoskeletal problems can often be managed with a simple exercise, stretching, and physical therapy (including chiropractic care). Anti-inflammatory drugs as well as the application of heat and cold can help you manage pain. […] Your doctor may first want to try a simpler form of treatment such as medication. If your condition is caused by an infection then you may be given antibiotics in an effort to combat the infection and reduce pain. […] Understanding and diagnosing the problem properly is important. If you go to a pain clinic Chicago then you’ll be able to connect with doctors who can help you identify the cause of your problem and find an appropriate treatment.

• #55 Chest Pain in Children | Causes & FAQs for Parents

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/chest-pain

  Chest pain has a variety of sources, and most structures in the chest can cause pain. This includes the lungs, ribs, the chest wall muscles, the diaphragm, and the joints between the ribs and breastbone. Injury, infection, or irritation to any of these tissues can cause chest pain. […] Treatment is usually a one- to two-week course of an anti-inflammatory medicine such as Ibuprofen. […] Treatment is usually rest and over-the-counter pain relievers. Consult a doctor when injury causes chest pain that is severe, does not go away, or if your child has difficulty breathing. […] There are many prescription and over-the-counter medicines available to treat acid reflux. […] If your child has severe chest pain or chest pain associated with trouble breathing, fever, sweating or a heart rate greater than 200, you should promptly call a doctor. […] Many children will require no further testing to establish a diagnosis and start treatment. In some cases, chest X-ray, electrocardiograms, breathing studies, or an appointment with a specialist may be necessary.

• #56 Chest pain – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chest-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370842

  Clot-busting drugs, also called thrombolytics. If you are having a heart attack, you may get these medicines. They work to dissolve the clot that is blocking blood from reaching the heart muscle. […] Blood thinners. If you have a clot in an artery going to your heart or lungs, you may get these medicines to prevent future clots. […] Acid-reducing medicines. These medicines reduce stomach acid. They may be suggested if you have heartburn. […] Anti-anxiety medicines. If you’re having panic attacks, your healthcare professional may recommend these medicines. Talk therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, also might be recommended. […] Other treatments for some of the most dangerous causes of chest pain include: […] Angioplasty and stent placement. This treatment helps remove a blockage in an artery going to the heart. The doctor inserts a thin tube with a balloon on the end into a large blood vessel, usually in the groin, and guides it to the heart. The balloon expands. This widens the artery. The balloon is deflated and removed with the tube. A small wire mesh tube called a stent is often placed in the artery to keep it open.

• #57 Noncardiac Chest Pain: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15851-gerd-non-cardiac-chest-pain

  How is noncardiac chest pain treated? […] Effective treatment depends on identifying the cause of your noncardiac chest pain. Some options include: […] If your noncardiac chest pain is, like most peoples, from GERD, treatment is usually simple and effective. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) are the most commonly used medicine to treat GERD. […] The next most common and effective treatment for noncardiac chest pain is a medicine that blocks the pain signals. […] Noncardiac chest pain can be related to depression, anxiety or stress. Psychotherapy can help you to work through these problems to reduce the occurrence of chest pain.

• #58 Psychological Interventions for Noncardiac Chest Pain | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/1101/p1701.html

  A 35-year-old man comes to you for follow-up after his third emergency department visit for continued intermittent chest pain. […] What is the best way to treat noncardiac chest pain? […] Noncardiac chest pain can be caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), panic disorder, or a number of other psychological conditions. Psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavior therapy, has been shown to reduce the number of days with chest pain significantly over a three-month period, whatever the cause. […] Patients who are evaluated in the emergency department and diagnosed with non-cardiac chest pain often are not treated for their chest pain in that setting. […] Noncardiac chest pain can be difficult to treat. Empiric treatment with high-dose omeprazole (Prilosec) can benefit patients in whom GERD is suspected.

• #59 Five Options for Chest Pain Therapy: Maryland Pain & Wellness Center: Pain Management

  https://www.marylandpainandwellnesscenter.com/blog/five-options-for-chest-pain-therapy

  Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of chest pain episodes. This includes quitting smoking, as smoking narrows the arteries and increases the risk of heart disease. Regular exercise is essential; it strengthens the heart muscle and improves circulation. […] Cardiac rehabilitation programs offer structured exercise, education, and support to individuals recovering from heart-related issues, including chest pain. These programs are supervised by medical professionals who tailor exercises to your specific needs and abilities. Engaging in cardiac rehabilitation not only strengthens the heart but also provides psychological support, helping individuals cope with the emotional aspects of chest pain and heart-related conditions. […] Stress is a significant contributor to chest pain, as it can elevate blood pressure and strain the heart. Exploring stress management techniques like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises can be immensely beneficial.

• #60 Treatment for Left Side Chest Pain

  https://continentalhospitals.com/blog/treatment-for-left-side-chest-pain/

  For Digestive Issues: Antacids and Proton Pump Inhibitors: These medications can help manage acid reflux and gastritis. […] For Musculoskeletal Problems: Pain Relief Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage pain from costochondritis or muscle strain. Physical Therapy: Exercises and stretches can help relieve muscle strain and improve posture. […] For Respiratory Conditions: Antibiotics: For infections like pneumonia, antibiotics can help clear the infection. […] For Anxiety and Stress: Counseling and Therapy: Addressing the underlying anxiety through therapy can reduce chest pain related to panic attacks. […] Relaxation Techniques: Techniques such as deep breathing exercises and meditation can help manage stress and anxiety. […] Continental Hospitals offers comprehensive diagnostic and treatment options for left side chest pain, focusing on providing the best care for your heart health. […] If you’re experiencing left side chest pain or have concerns about your heart health, Continental Hospitals offers top-notch care and comprehensive diagnostic services to help you get back to feeling your best.

• #61 Chest Pain (Angina) Treatment Options | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/chest-pain-angina/treatment-options

  The good news about angina is that its a condition that is well understood and managed through lifestyle changes, medications and, in certain cases, surgery. […] People with angina should avoid activities or situations that trigger symptoms. […] Talk with your doctor about an exercise plan that is safe for you. You may also benefit from a formal cardiac rehabilitation program with exercise training and counseling. […] Nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, are prescribed to relieve angina symptoms. […] Other drugs to treat angina include: beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors (to improve blood flow, slow the heart rate, and/or reduce the strain on the heart); aspirin or anticoagulants (to prevent blood clots) and statins (to reduce cholesterol). […] The goal of angina treatment is to reduce the frequency and severity of your symptoms.

• #62 Five Options for Chest Pain Therapy: Maryland Pain & Wellness Center: Pain Management

  https://www.marylandpainandwellnesscenter.com/blog/five-options-for-chest-pain-therapy

  Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of chest pain episodes. This includes quitting smoking, as smoking narrows the arteries and increases the risk of heart disease. Regular exercise is essential; it strengthens the heart muscle and improves circulation. […] Cardiac rehabilitation programs offer structured exercise, education, and support to individuals recovering from heart-related issues, including chest pain. These programs are supervised by medical professionals who tailor exercises to your specific needs and abilities. Engaging in cardiac rehabilitation not only strengthens the heart but also provides psychological support, helping individuals cope with the emotional aspects of chest pain and heart-related conditions. […] Stress is a significant contributor to chest pain, as it can elevate blood pressure and strain the heart. Exploring stress management techniques like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises can be immensely beneficial.

• #63 Chest Pain (Angina) Treatment Options | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/chest-pain-angina/treatment-options

  The good news about angina is that its a condition that is well understood and managed through lifestyle changes, medications and, in certain cases, surgery. […] People with angina should avoid activities or situations that trigger symptoms. […] Talk with your doctor about an exercise plan that is safe for you. You may also benefit from a formal cardiac rehabilitation program with exercise training and counseling. […] Nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, are prescribed to relieve angina symptoms. […] Other drugs to treat angina include: beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors (to improve blood flow, slow the heart rate, and/or reduce the strain on the heart); aspirin or anticoagulants (to prevent blood clots) and statins (to reduce cholesterol). […] The goal of angina treatment is to reduce the frequency and severity of your symptoms.

• #64 Heart attack | Heart and Stroke Foundation

  https://www.heartandstroke.ca/heart-disease/conditions/heart-attack

  Early treatment for a heart attack can prevent or limit damage to the heart muscle. […] Act fast by calling 911 at the first symptoms of a heart attack. Emergency treatment can begin in the ambulance on the way to the hospital. […] Treatment for a heart attack may include medication, surgery and lifestyle changes. You and your doctor will discuss the treatment options and decide which is best for you and your circumstances. […] Medications used to treat heart attack include: ASA (Aspirin) and other antiplatelet agents, thrombolytics clot-busting drugs, blood thinners (anticoagulants), nitroglycerin, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, pain relievers, statins. […] Surgical options to improve blood flow to your heart may include: percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (coronary angioplasty with stent), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). […] You can lower your risk of developing other heart diseases and stroke by knowing and controlling your blood pressure, diabetes and blood cholesterol. It is also important to lead a healthy lifestyle. […] Talk to your doctor about the lifestyle changes that will benefit you the most.

• #65 Treatment

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/angina/treatment

  Calcium channel blockers, like beta blockers, help ease the work the heart has to do by slowing down your heart rate and lowering your blood pressure. […] Ranolazine may be prescribed in some cases. This medicine helps the heart relax and not have to work as hard. […] Opening up narrowed coronary arteries to restore blood flow to the area of the heart muscle that is not getting enough can relieve the symptoms of angina. […] These treatments can improve quality of life for patients with advanced coronary artery disease. […] Your treatment will depend on your symptoms and preferences, how many narrowed or blocked arteries you have and where they are, your age, overall health, and other risk factors. […] Cardiac rehabilitation (rehab) is typically a 12-week, medically supervised program. It includes counseling on how to exercise safely, eat heart healthy, manage stress and quit smoking.

• #66 Angina – symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/angina

  Your doctor may recommend surgeries that increase the flow of blood to your heart: coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). […] Your doctor might recommend you join a cardiac rehabilitation program. This can help you manage your angina and reduce the risk of further heart problems.

• #67 Treatment

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/angina/treatment

  Cardiac rehab can reduce heart symptoms, help control heart risk factors and improve quality of life. […] Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) therapy may be recommended in some patients if you have angina that limits you from your daily activities and that has not improved with standard treatments. […] EECP may generate the formation of small blood vessels in the heart to create a natural bypass around blocked or narrowed arteries. EECP may increase exercise duration and decrease angina.

• #68 Five Options for Chest Pain Therapy: Maryland Pain & Wellness Center: Pain Management

  https://www.marylandpainandwellnesscenter.com/blog/five-options-for-chest-pain-therapy

  Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of chest pain episodes. This includes quitting smoking, as smoking narrows the arteries and increases the risk of heart disease. Regular exercise is essential; it strengthens the heart muscle and improves circulation. […] Cardiac rehabilitation programs offer structured exercise, education, and support to individuals recovering from heart-related issues, including chest pain. These programs are supervised by medical professionals who tailor exercises to your specific needs and abilities. Engaging in cardiac rehabilitation not only strengthens the heart but also provides psychological support, helping individuals cope with the emotional aspects of chest pain and heart-related conditions. […] Stress is a significant contributor to chest pain, as it can elevate blood pressure and strain the heart. Exploring stress management techniques like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises can be immensely beneficial.

• #69 Chest pain: First aid

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-chest-pain/basics/art-20056705

  First aid for chest pain depends on the cause. Serious health conditions such as a heart attack can cause chest pain. Other causes of chest pain include infections and bruised chest muscles. If you have new or sudden chest pain, get emergency medical help. […] Treatment depends on the specific cause of the chest pain. Some causes of chest pain, such as a heart attack, need emergency treatment. Chest pain symptoms from other causes, such as pericarditis, may go away without treatment. […] Call your healthcare professional if you have new or unexplained chest pain. If you think you’re having a heart attack, call 911 or your local emergency number.

• #70 Chest Pain Treatment: First Aid Information for Chest Pain

  https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/chest-pain-treatment

  Call 911 […] For Angina […] 1. Treat With Nitroglycerin […] If the person gets angina and has been prescribed nitroglycerin: […] If the person has been diagnosed with chronic stable angina: […] 2. Follow Up […] If the person goes to the hospital: […] For GERD (Acid Reflux) […] Call 911 if: The person has possible heart attack symptoms, such as shortness of breath, flushed sweating, nausea or vomiting, or arm or jaw pain. Heart attacks can be mistaken for GERD. […] 1. Treat With Over-the-Counter Antacids […] 2. Follow Up […] If the person goes to the hospital, an emergency department doctor will examine the person and run tests to see if the chest pain stems from a heart attack or another cause. Tests may include an electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, and blood tests. […] Inform the persons doctor about the chest pain and ER visit.

• #71 How to give first aid for someone who is experiencing chest pain? – Finnish Red Cross

  https://www.redcross.fi/first-aid/first-aid-instructions/chest-pain/

  The person suffering from chest pain needs first aid treatment and care quickly. […] In connection with chest pain, the creation of further damage can be prevented and the possibilities of the person to recover improved significantly through starting the first aid and care quickly. […] Chest pain must always be taken seriously. […] First aid for someone experiencing chest pain includes calming the person down and helping them to rest, calling 112 immediately, giving the person 250 mg of a medicine containing acetylsalicylic acid if they are not allergic, and monitoring their breathing and circulation. […] If the person goes lifeless, start resuscitation with 30 presses and 2 blows, and notify the Emergency Response Centre about the change in the situation.

• #72 Can I Treat Chest Pain at Home?

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/treat-chest-pains-at-home

  The treatment for angina depends on the severity of the symptoms and the results of tests that are done to find the cause. If your doctor has diagnosed you with angina, follow their recommendations. This may mean rest and medication. It may include a visit to the hospital emergency room. […] While you wait for help, stop doing whatever it is that causes your symptoms and remain calm. Also: Lie down in a comfortable position with your head up. If you have regular adult aspirin, chew one (as long as you are not allergic to aspirin). Chewing more than one will not do any good and may cause unwanted side effects.

• #73 Chest Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/

  Chest pain is a common complaint and encompasses a broad differential diagnosis that includes several life-threatening causes. A workup must focus on ruling out serious pathology before a clinician considers more benign causes. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with chest pain. […] […] A complete discussion of the management of ACS is beyond the scope of this paper; however, initial steps should be performed in patients with a diagnosis of ACS. Place patient on a cardiac monitor, establish intravascular access (IV) access, give 162 mg to 325 mg chewable aspirin, clopidogrel, or ticagrelor (unless bypass surgery is imminent), control pain and consider oxygen (O2) therapy. Nitroglycerin has shown a mortality benefit, aiming for a 10% mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduction in normotensive patients and a 30% MAP reduction in hypertensive patients; avoid in hypotensive patients and those with inferior ST elevation. Patients with ST elevation on ECG patients should receive immediate reperfusion therapy, either pharmacologic (thrombolytics) or transfer to the catheterization laboratory for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PCI is preferred and should be initiated within 90 minutes onsite or 120 minutes if transferred to an outside facility. If PCI is not possible, thrombolytics should be initiated within 30 min. Patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina should be admitted for a cardiology consult and workup. Patients with stable angina may be appropriate for outpatient workup. In elderly patients and those with comorbidities, patients should be admitted for observation and further cardiac workup.

• #74 Chest pain | Adult ECAT protocol | Emergency care assessment and treatment

  https://aci.health.nsw.gov.au/ecat/adult/chest-pain

  Any person, 16 years and over, presenting with chest pain or other symptoms of acute coronary syndrome. […] Use this protocol in conjunction with NSW Pathway for Acute Coronary Syndrome (PACSA) Flowchart and PACSA Checklist. […] If the patient has any Yellow or Red Zone observations or additional criteria (as per the relevant NSW Standard Emergency Observation Chart), refer and escalate as per local CERS protocol and continue treatment. […] For possible STEMI or other high-risk ACS with haemodynamic compromise, consider nursing patient in the resuscitation area and/or attaching patient to a defibrillator. […] If STEMI criteria are met, escalate as per local pathway and initiate nurse administered thrombolysis (NAT), if accredited. […] In patients with stable blood pressure, glyceryl trinitrate should be used as first-line therapy for pain.

• #75 Chest Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470557/

  Chest pain is a common complaint and encompasses a broad differential diagnosis that includes several life-threatening causes. A workup must focus on ruling out serious pathology before a clinician considers more benign causes. […] This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for patients with chest pain. […] […] A complete discussion of the management of ACS is beyond the scope of this paper; however, initial steps should be performed in patients with a diagnosis of ACS. Place patient on a cardiac monitor, establish intravascular access (IV) access, give 162 mg to 325 mg chewable aspirin, clopidogrel, or ticagrelor (unless bypass surgery is imminent), control pain and consider oxygen (O2) therapy. Nitroglycerin has shown a mortality benefit, aiming for a 10% mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduction in normotensive patients and a 30% MAP reduction in hypertensive patients; avoid in hypotensive patients and those with inferior ST elevation. Patients with ST elevation on ECG patients should receive immediate reperfusion therapy, either pharmacologic (thrombolytics) or transfer to the catheterization laboratory for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PCI is preferred and should be initiated within 90 minutes onsite or 120 minutes if transferred to an outside facility. If PCI is not possible, thrombolytics should be initiated within 30 min. Patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina should be admitted for a cardiology consult and workup. Patients with stable angina may be appropriate for outpatient workup. In elderly patients and those with comorbidities, patients should be admitted for observation and further cardiac workup.

• #76 Chest pain | Adult ECAT protocol | Emergency care assessment and treatment

  https://aci.health.nsw.gov.au/ecat/adult/chest-pain

  If pain persists after starting glyceryl trinitrate, give analgesia as per analgesia section. […] If ST elevation or other ischaemic ECG changes are identified, escalate care as per local CERS protocol. […] If pain does not improve with medication, escalate as per local CERS protocol. […] Ensure ischaemic chest pain is relieved effectively. Pain may reflect ongoing myocardial damage.

• #77 Chest Pain: What It Feels Like, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21209-chest-pain

  Chest pain treatments may include medicines or operations. […] Chest pain treatment depends on the cause of the pain. If a heart attack is causing your chest pain, you’ll get emergency treatment as soon as you seek help. This can include medication and a procedure or surgery to restore blood flow to your heart. […] If a noncardiac condition is causing your chest pains, your healthcare provider will talk to you about treatment options. Depending on your illness and how bad it is, they may recommend: Lifestyle changes, Medicines, Surgery or a procedure. […] Some causes of chest pain can be life-threatening. This includes some lung-related causes of chest pain, too. The safe bet is to see a healthcare provider who can diagnose and treat your chest pain.

• #78 Chest Pain: Assessment and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/chest-pain-pro

  There is an urgent need to diagnose the cause of any patient presenting with chest pain to ensure that serious and life-threatening conditions are not missed. Urgent hospital referral is indicated if there is any indication of a severe underlying disorder or of the patient being acutely unwell. […] When a patient telephones, acutely unwell with chest pain, arrange a 999/112/911 ambulance in advance of (or instead of) visiting, as any delay in starting appropriate treatment has an adverse effect on prognosis. […] Management will be dependent on diagnosis. […] Psychological treatment may be helpful with some patients.

• #79 Chest pain

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chest-pain/

  Most chest pain is not a sign of anything serious but get medical advice just in case. Get immediate medical help if you think you’re having a heart attack. […] You could be having a heart attack. Call 999 straight away as you need immediate treatment in hospital. […] It’s important to get medical advice to make sure it’s nothing serious. […] The most common heart problems that cause chest pain include: pericarditis which usually causes a sudden, sharp, stabbing pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or lie down; angina or a heart attack which have similar symptoms but a heart attack is life-threatening.

• #80 Chest pain: 27 causes, symptoms, and when to see a doctor

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321650

  A person should seek immediate medical help if they have: persistent pain or pressure in the chest, breathing difficulty, blue lips or nails, new confusion, difficulty staying awake. […] A person should seek medical advice for any type of chest pain, as some causes can have severe consequences. […] Anyone with concerns about chest pain should seek medical advice to rule out life threatening causes and obtain suitable treatment.

• #81 Treatment

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/angina/treatment

  Calcium channel blockers, like beta blockers, help ease the work the heart has to do by slowing down your heart rate and lowering your blood pressure. […] Ranolazine may be prescribed in some cases. This medicine helps the heart relax and not have to work as hard. […] Opening up narrowed coronary arteries to restore blood flow to the area of the heart muscle that is not getting enough can relieve the symptoms of angina. […] These treatments can improve quality of life for patients with advanced coronary artery disease. […] Your treatment will depend on your symptoms and preferences, how many narrowed or blocked arteries you have and where they are, your age, overall health, and other risk factors. […] Cardiac rehabilitation (rehab) is typically a 12-week, medically supervised program. It includes counseling on how to exercise safely, eat heart healthy, manage stress and quit smoking.

• #82

  https://www.healthxchange.sg/heart-lungs/heart-disease/medication-chest-pain-angina

  Calcium channel blockers control chest pain by relaxing blood vessels to increase blood supply to the heart, while slowing down heart rate. […] By preserving the energy metabolism of heart muscle cells, trimetazidine helps to reduce the frequency of angina attacks and reduce the use of nitrates. […] In conclusion, medical therapy has been used effectively in the treatment of heart attack. While most patients tolerate the medications well, there is still a possibility of developing side effects to these medications. Always consult a doctor if you notice possible side effects or experience a worsening of your condition such as an increase in severity or frequency of angina as this means that your treatment may have to be adjusted.

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