Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Global prevalence of Ascaris infection in humans (2010–2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis | Infectious Diseases of Poverty | Full Text

  https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-022-01038-z

  Our findings indicate that, despite a renewed commitment by some communities or authorities to control ascariasis, a substantial portion of the worlds human population (0.7 billion) is infected with Ascaris. […] We propose that the present findings might stimulate the development of customised strategies for the improved control and prevention of Ascaris infection worldwide. […] However, anthelmintic treatment alone will not lead to a marked reduction or elimination of ascariasis without accompanying improvements in socioeconomic conditions and the provision of clean water, improved sanitation and hygiene. […] Thus, WHO set new targets that included the elimination of morbidity due to STHs (defined as the prevalence of moderate and heavy infection intensities of 2%) in preschool- and school-age children by 2030 and universal access to at least basic sanitation and hygiene by 2030 in STH-endemic areas.

• #2 Tackling the Worm Burden: Strategies for Prevention and Control of Ascariasis

  https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/open-access/tackling-the-worm-burden-strategies-for-prevention-and-control-of-ascariasis-127612.html

  Ascariasis, caused by the intestinal roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, remains one of the most common neglected tropical diseases affecting millions of people worldwide, particularly in low-resource settings. […] Effective prevention of ascariasis begins with raising awareness and educating communities about the transmission, symptoms, and consequences of the infection. Health education programs should emphasize the importance of proper sanitation, hand hygiene, and safe food and water practices to reduce the risk of contamination with Ascaris eggs. […] Access to safe water and adequate sanitation facilities is fundamental to preventing the transmission of ascariasis. Investments in water and sanitation infrastructure, including improved sewage systems, latrines, and waste management practices, can help minimize human contact with contaminated environments and reduce the spread of Ascaris eggs.

• #3 Ascariasis: Symptoms, Causes & Transmission, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14071-ascariasis

  If you live in or are traveling to an area where infection rates are high: […] Don’t touch potentially contaminated soil with your bare hands. This includes soil used to fertilize crops. […] Wash your hands with soap and water before preparing or eating food. […] Teach your children to wash their hands frequently. […] Wash, peel and/or cook any raw vegetables and fruits, especially if they grew in manure-fertilized soil. […] Don’t poop outdoors unless you’re using facilities that have proper sewage disposal. […] Ascariasis is a common roundworm infection around the globe that’s preventable when communities have access to adequate sanitation facilities. If you live in or travel to an area with a high rate of infections, help protect yourself by washing your hands frequently. Rinse, peel and cook produce, and take care to properly prepare other food.

• #4 Ascariasis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment Algorithm, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212510-treatment

  Community control of ascariasis has been difficult to achieve. The most successful control programs, such as those in Japan, have consisted of combined approaches, including improved sanitation, night soil disposal, and mass community treatment. Concern has increased for the emergence of drug resistance among heavily retreated populations. […] Hand washing may be a neglected means of prevention, even in endemic areas, as shown by a recent study from Sri Lanka. […] A program of latrine construction, health education, and twice-annual anthelmintics decreased the prevalence of ascariasis in Korea from 80% in 1949 to 55% by 1971. […] Rates of infection were lower among children who used latrines and who had been educated concerning the risks of ascariasis. […] A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of preventive water and sanitation measures concluded that the risk of ascariasis was lowered 60% by piped water, 38% by access to sanitarian latrines, and 62% by handwashing before eating and 55% after defecating.

• #5 Ascariasis prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ascariasis_prevention

  The prevention of ascariasis is best achieved through improvements in personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. […] The prevention of ascariasis is best achieved by: […] Avoiding ingesting soil that may be contaminated with human feces, including where human fecal matter („night soil”) or wastewater is used to fertilize crops. […] Washing hands with soap and warm water before handling food. […] Teaching children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection. […] Washing, peeling, or cooking all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure. […] Avoiding defecating outdoors. […] The use of effective sewage disposal systems.

• #6 CDC – Ascariasis – Prevention & Control

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/parasites/ascariasis/prevent.html

  The best way to prevent ascariasis is to always: […] Avoid ingesting soil that may be contaminated with human feces, including where human fecal matter („night soil”) or wastewater is used to fertilize crops. […] Wash your hands with soap and warm water before handling food. […] Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection. […] Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure. […] Transmission of infection to others can be prevented by […] Not defecating outdoors. […] Effective sewage disposal systems.

• #7 Ascariasis – Helminthiases – Parasitic Diseases – Infectious Diseases – Diseases – McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.18.84.1.8.

  1. Washing hands before meals and after contact with soil. […] 2. Preventing geophagy in children. […] 3. Thorough washing of fruits and vegetables. […] 4. At the community level prevention involves access to sanitation facilities, access to clean drinking water, and avoiding the use of human feces to fertilize fruit or vegetable crops.

• #8 Ascariasis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/nematodes-roundworms/ascariasis

  Prevention of ascariasis requires adequate sanitation. […] Preventive strategies include […] Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water before handling food, after possible contact with feces or contaminated dirt, and after handling pigs […] Washing, peeling, and/or cooking all raw vegetables and fruits before eating […] Not eating uncooked or unwashed vegetables in areas where human or pig feces is used as fertilizer […] Not defecating outdoors except in latrines with proper sewage disposal.

• #9 Ascariasis – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/parasitic-infections-roundworms-nematodes/ascariasis

  The best strategies for preventing ascariasis include washing hands thoroughly with soap and water before handling food or after handling pigs […] Washing, peeling, and/or cooking all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in areas where human or pig feces is used as fertilizer […] Not defecating outdoors except in latrines with proper sewage disposal. Effective sewage disposal systems can help prevent this infection from spreading.

• #10 Ascariasis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/ascariasis-facts

  Because ascariasis spreads through soil thats been mixed with human waste, it’s best to stay away from those areas and from food grown in contaminated dirt. If you travel to another country or to an area where there might be poor sanitation, its always a good idea to: […] Wash your hands often, especially when you prepare and eat food. […] Thoroughly wash, peel, and cook all raw vegetables and fruits. […] Drink bottled water. […] Keep your fingernails trimmed. […] Clean your clothing and bedding regularly.

• #11 Ascariasis: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322340

  People living in places with modern sanitation have a very low risk of ascariasis. However, it is essential to wash food properly and wash hands after using the bathroom. […] People should also wash any utensils and cooking surfaces after each use. […] When visiting a region with a lack of sanitary facilities, a person should take the following precautions to help avoid infection: Observe and inspect food preparation spaces for cleanliness. Filter and boil water before drinking it. Wash hands with soap and hot water before handling food and eating. Avoid common bathing areas, especially if they appear unclean. Peel and cook any vegetables or fruit grown in unsanitary conditions. Ensure children clean their hands with soap and water after playing outside. […] People can take steps to avoid ascariasis infections by practicing safe food handling techniques, using modern sanitation equipment, and avoiding travel to places where it is common.

• #12 Ascariasis: Causes, Treatment, Prevention – We Care

  https://wecaregolp.com/ascariasis/

  The frequency and spread of ascariasis can be significantly decreased through prevention. The danger of infection can be reduced by putting in place efficient preventive measures. The following are some effective methods for avoiding ascariasis. Improved sanitation It is essential to have access to clean water and adequate sanitary facilities to prevent ascariasis. To avoid contaminating land and water sources, this includes encouraging the use of hygienic restrooms and the proper disposal of human waste. […] Hygiene procedures People should be urged to maintain proper hygiene, including frequent handwashing with soap and fresh water. Insist on the necessity of washing ones hands after using the bathroom, before handling or eating food, and after coming into contact with possibly contaminated surfaces.

• #13 Ascaris lumbricoides- Lab Diagnosis, Treatments, Prophylaxis

  https://microbenotes.com/ascaris-lumbricoides-lab-diagnosis-treatments-prophylaxis/

  Ascariasis can be eliminated by preventing fecal contamination of soil. The Ascaris egg is highly resistant. Therefore, the use of night soil as manure will lead to the spreading of the infection, unless the destruction of the eggs is ensured by proper composting. […] Treatment of vegetables and other garden crops with water containing iodine 200 ppm for 15 minutes kills the eggs and larvae of Ascaris and other helminths. […] Avoid eating raw vegetables. […] Improvement of personal hygiene. […] Treatment of infected persons especially the children.

• #14 About Ascariasis | Soil-Transmitted Helminths | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/sth/about/ascariasis.html

  To lower your risk of getting ascariasis […] Avoid soil or water contaminated with human feces (poop). […] To prevent spreading Ascaris infection to others in a community setting […] Do not defecate outdoors, if possible, […] Use improved sanitation facilities, if available, to ensure separation of human waste from human contact, and […] Do not use human feces as fertilizer for crops. […] Teach children the importance of handwashing to prevent infections.

• #15 Ascariasis | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/notifiable-conditions/soil-transmitted-helminths/ascariasis

  The best method for prevention of ascariasis is proper disposal of human waste. […] Avoiding the use of human waste-based fertilizer (night soil) will also decrease the risk of transmission. […] Thoroughly washing hands and all produce before cooking and eating is also highly recommended in order to prevent ingestion of parasite eggs.

• #16 Ascariasis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascariasis

  Prevention is by improved sanitation, which includes improving access to toilets and proper disposal of feces. […] Handwashing with soap appears protective. […] In areas where more than 20% of the population is affected, treating everyone at regular intervals is recommended. […] There is no vaccine. […] Prevention is by improved access to sanitation which includes the use of properly functioning and clean toilets by all community members as one important aspect. […] Handwashing with soap may be protective; however, there is no evidence it affects the severity of the disease. […] Eliminating the use of untreated human faeces as fertilizer is also important. […] In areas where more than 20% of the population is affected treating everyone is recommended. […] This has a cost of about 2 to 3 cents per person per treatment. […] This is known as mass drug administration and is often carried out among school-age children. […] For this purpose, broad-spectrum benzimidazoles such as mebendazole and albendazole are the drugs of choice recommended by WHO.

• #17

  https://journals.lww.com/abmj/fulltext/2023/24030/ascariasis_in_pregnancy__a_neglected_parasitic.11.aspx

  Children living in rural areas with poor sanitation are at a higher risk of contracting ascariasis than those living in urban areas. […] Therefore, health education on hand washing and shoe wearing practices, as well as improvements in sanitary infrastructure, were key to long-term and sustainable reductions in helminth prevalence among pregnant women. […] While effective treatment options are available, prevention through improved sanitation and hygiene remains the most effective way to control the spread of the disease.

• #18 Baylisascariasis

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/baylisascariasis.page

  To avoid baylisascaris, wear gloves when you remove fresh raccoon feces. Throw out the feces and any protective gear used into doubled garbage bags. Treat soiled surfaces with boiling water. Bleach and other disinfectants will not work. Wash your hands well with soap and water after cleaning. […] Here are some other steps you can take: […] Wash your hands with soap and water after working outside. […] Wash children’s hands after playing outside, especially before eating […] Oversee small children outdoors. Make sure they do not put dirt, leaves or wood in their mouths or touch feces.

• #19 Ascariasis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ascariasis.html

  Good sanitation is the best way to prevent ascariasis. […] It’s also important to: […] Teach kids to wash their hands well and often, especially after using the bathroom and before eating. […] Keep kids from putting things in their mouths, especially if they’re around soil that may be contaminated with poop. […] Wash, peel, or cook all fruits and vegetables before eating them.

• #20 WHO Regional Menu Of Essential Health Interventions

  https://ehi.styxtechgroup.com/condition/28

  Health education to pregnant women/families on ascariasis and prevention measures […] Pregnant women/families/Community education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces […] Community awareness on effective sewerage disposal systems […] Promote through multi sectoral approach wastewater treatment before use for irrigation due to food grown in contaminated soil. […] Community Health workers training on ascariasis including prevention measures […] Proper cleaning and cooking of food […] proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure […] Avoidance of consuming or contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feacal matter […] Proper waste disposal/ not passing stool in the soil or outdoors […] Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, particularly those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure

• #21 Anthelmintic drugs for treating ascariasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7156140/

  Ascaris lumbricoides is a common infection, and mainly affects children living in low-income areas. Water and sanitation improvement, health education, and drug treatment may help break the cycle of transmission, and effective drugs will reduce morbidity. […] Interventions against ascariasis include water and sanitation improvement, health education, and medicine treatment for infected individuals. Treatment with medications removes adult worms from the gastrointestinal tract reducing morbidity (illness) and infection transmission. […] The WHO recommends three public health drug treatment policies: Selective: individual deworming based on a diagnosis of infection; Targeted: group deworming where a specific risk group is treated without prior diagnosis; Universal: population deworming in which the whole community is treated irrespective of infection status.

• #22 Ascariasis FAQs | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/ascariasis/ascariasis-faqs

  Avoid contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feces. This includes soil with human fecal matter („night soil”) used to fertilize crops. […] Wash your hands with soap and warm water before handling food. […] Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection. […] Wash, peel, or cook all raw vegetables and fruits before eating, especially those that have been grown in soil that has been fertilized with manure. […] Transmission of infection to others can be prevented by not defecating outdoors, and by effective sewage disposal systems. […] In developing countries, groups at higher risk for soil-transmitted helminth infections are often treated without a prior stool examination. […] Treating in this way is called preventive treatment (or „preventive chemotherapy”).

• #23 Ascariasis FAQs | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/ascariasis/ascariasis-faqs

  The high-risk groups identified by the World Health Organization include preschool and school-age children. […] Women of childbearing age (including pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and lactating women) are also at risk. […] Adults in occupations where there is a high risk of heavy infections are also a high-risk group. […] School-age children are often treated through school health programs. […] Preschool children and pregnant women are often treated at visits to health clinics. […] The soil-transmitted helminths and other „neglected tropical diseases” are sometimes treated through mass drug administrations. […] Since the drugs used are safe and inexpensive or donated, entire risk groups are offered preventive treatment. […] Mass drug administrations are conducted periodically (often annually).

• #24 Ascariasis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment Algorithm, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212510-treatment

  Current ascariasis treatment strategies recommend repeated mass treatment of communities to reduce intensity of worm burden until socioeconomic progress allows improved sanitation. […] Although such targeted therapy programs may control the morbidity of ascariasis by decreasing the number of worms per patient, they do not seem to decrease transmission rates. […] A 2012 Cochrane review was rather discouraging in its assessment of the benefit of community deworming programs, suggesting only the possibility of slight benefit in weight gain and hemoglobin, but not cognitive improvement as measured by school attendance and performance. […] Avoiding pigs and pig manure prevents A suum infection in developed countries. […] Work continues on a vaccine. A recombinant, nasally administered 16-kd secretory protein, As16, was shown to result in a 56% decrease in worm burden in mice challenged with A suum larvae. […] The Sabin Vaccine Institute is developing a „Pan-anthelminthic” vaccine against hookworm, trichuriasis, and ascariasis using at least two of six candidate A suum antigens.

• #25 Anthelmintic drugs for treating ascariasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7156140/

  The recommended frequency of treatment is once per year for low-risk communities with between 20% and 50% infection prevalence, or twice per year for high-risk communities with more than 50% infection prevalence. […] The current WHO Model List of Essential Medicine for treating intestinal helminths includes seven drugs: albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, ivermectin, niclosamide, praziquantel, and pyrantel. […] The accumulated scientific knowledge shows high efficacy, resulting in large-scale use of these drugs for treatment and preventive chemotherapy. […] Health education, access to good-quality water, and improvements in basic sanitation are crucial to reduce the number of people infected globally. Drug treatment for infected individuals, in combination with other public health measures, is necessary to break the cycle of transmission. […] Infected individuals should be treated with anthelmintic drugs to remove adult worms from the gastrointestinal tract aiming to reduce morbidity and infection transmission.

• #26 Ascariasis Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Life Cycle, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/ascariasis/article.htm

  Is it possible to prevent ascariasis? […] Yes, it is possible to prevent ascariasis; before handling or eating any food, wash hands with soap and water, and avoid drinking any local water sources when traveling. Use only boiled water or bottled water and avoid raw vegetables and fruits unless you can clean them yourself. […] While traveling, eat only foods that are cooked well and served hot. In addition, reinfection is possible for people who live in areas where ascariasis infections are common. Consequently, health care providers give some individuals, especially children, prophylactic doses of medication (such as ivermectin) every two or three years in some countries.

• #27 Levamisole in Ascariasis in: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume 27 Issue 5 (1978)

  https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/27/5/article-p897.xml

  An analysis is presented of 10 clinical studies from various countries where levamisole 50150 mg was compared to pyrantel, piperazine, and placebo in a total of 1,734 patients, mostly children (levamisole: 830, controls: 904), suffering from ascariasis either as a single infection or usually mixed with other nematode infections. […] Levamisole produced higher cure rates (91%) and egg reduction rates (98%) than pyrantel, piperazine, or placebo. […] Follow-up examinations 6 months after treatment suggested that levamisole might delay reinfection.

• #28 Roundworm Infection (Ascariasis) | Iowa State University

  https://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/about/focus-areas/swine/swine-disease-manual/index-diseases/ascariasis

  Prevention of ascariasis is far better than treatment but may be difficult to achieve on many production sites. […] Some of the measures that confinement operators implement include: deworming the sows during gestation (usually about a week before farrowing); washing the sows to remove parasite eggs prior to putting them in sanitized farrowing crates; early weaning of two to four week old pigs (before ascarid eggs have become infective); and using all in/all out production systems with thorough cleaning between groups. […] Feeding a continuous dewormer (pyrantel) for the first 30 days is a control option in this situation. […] In operations that utilize pasture or open lot housing, deworming the sows before moving them to clean pasture is a good practice. […] Deworming programs need to be designed to fit the situation on each production site.

• #29 Communicable Diseases Module: 34. Intestinal Protozoa, Ascariasis and Hookworm: View as single page | OLCreate

  https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=120&printable=1

  Like other faeco-oral diseases, you need to know the main features of ascariasis: its infectious agent, occurrence, modes of transmission, symptoms and signs, diagnosis and treatment. Prevention and control measures are similar to those for other faeco-oral diseases, described in earlier study sessions. However, ascariasis requires specific drug treatment based on its symptoms and signs. […] If you diagnose ascariasis, the treatment schedule is as given in Table 34.1. There are two drugs (albendazole and mebendazole), both available in either liquid or tablet form. However, even if there are no signs of worm infection, routine deworming is recommended for all children aged 24 months or older who have not been treated in the previous six months. Give every child that you see in this category the appropriate dose of albendazole or mebendazole every six months to treat intestinal worms. […] Routine deworming of children aged between two to five years, every six months, according to the dosages given in Table 34.1 earlier, is essential to kill hookworms as well as ascaris worms.

• #30 Ascariasis | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/ascariasis?content_id=CON-20369576

  The best defense against ascariasis is good hygiene and common sense. Follow these tips to avoid infection: […] Practice good hygiene. Before handling food, always wash your hands with soap and water. Wash fresh fruits and vegetables thoroughly. […] Use care when traveling. Use only bottled water, and avoid raw vegetables unless you can peel and wash them.

• #31 Ascariasis: Causes, Symptoms & Prevention Explained

  https://sehathub.com/ascariasis

  When traveling to roundworm prevalent area, you should take the following precautions to prevent ascariasis: […] Frequently wash your hands (make sure your kids wash their hands, too!) and dont touch the soil with bare hands. […] Be cautious when consuming food. Dont eat undercooked meat or raw vegetables or fruits. Wash and peel all fruits and vegetables. […] Try to use proper sewage disposal.

• #32 Ascariasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/ascariasis

  You can limit your exposure to roundworms by avoiding unsafe food and water. Keeping your immediate environment clean also helps. This includes laundering clothing exposed to unsanitary conditions and cleaning cooking surfaces well. […] Always wash your hands with soap and water before eating or preparing food. […] Boil or filter your water. […] Inspect food preparation facilities. […] Avoid unclean common areas for bathing. […] Peel or cook unwashed vegetables and fruit in regions that lack sanitation infrastructure or that use human feces for fertilizer. […] The best way to avoid ascariasis is by: Practicing good hygiene. That means always wash your hands with soap and water before eating or handling food, and after using the bathroom. Teach your children to do the same. […] Dining only at reputable places. […] Drinking only bottled water and avoiding raw fruits and vegetables unless you’re able to wash and peel them yourself when you’re in places without modern sanitation.

• #33 WHO Regional Menu Of Essential Health Interventions

  https://ehi.styxtechgroup.com/condition/28

  Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves when handling soil/manure […] Proper/good nutrition for pregnant women […] Health education on risk factors for ascariasis and preventive measures such as good sanitation and hygiene practice […] Community-led total sanitation with market approaches (CLTS+), promotion of hygiene, building of latrines, and related SBC […] Community-based deworming campaigns […] Health education to parents/families on ascariasis and prevention measures in children […] Families/parents education on personal hygiene as well as proper disposal of human faeces including children fecal matter […] Guidance parents/children on primary prevention measures including; Proper cleaning and cooking of food […] proper handwashing/good hand hygiene practices before handing food and after handling soil/manure

• #34

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/from-insects-animals/Pages/Roundworm-Ascariasis.aspx

  Reinfection is common. Keep your child away from soil that could be contaminated with human feces. Make sure you wash vegetables and fruits prior to eating.

• #35 Ascaris suum in Pigs – Digestive System – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/digestive-system/gastrointestinal-parasites-of-pigs/ascaris-suum-in-pigs

  Prevention is more effective than treatment but may be difficult to achieve. Good ascariasis control in confinement systems may include deworming sows approximately 1 week before farrowing; washing sows to remove any adherent ascarid eggs before moving to sanitized farrowing crates; early weaning (24 weeks of age, before eggs become infective); and using all-in/all-out production systems with thorough cleaning between groups. […] In pasture or open lot housing systems, deworming sows before moving to a pasture that has not been grazed in several years (ie, a clean pasture) is often recommended. Pasture rotation will also help decrease swine contact with ascarid eggs, especially if pastures are tilled between uses. […] Control should not depend solely on anthelmintics but must also incorporate appropriate sanitation.

• #36 Ascariasis – Swine Diseases Manual – pig333, pig to pork community

  https://www.pig333.com/pig-diseases/ascariasis_158

  Limit pigs’ exposure to soil. […] Use of anthelmintics.

• #37 Ascariasis Symptoms, Pictures, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/ascariasis/article_em.htm

  Is It Possible to Prevent Ascariasis? Ascariasis is preventable through education about sanitation and hygiene, and ensuring that communities have access to water treatment, personal and environmental hygiene, safe disposal of human waste, adequate nutrition, and health care. Do not use human waste (night soil) to fertilize food crops. […] Those who raise pigs, handle raw manure, or use pig manure to fertilize food crops must be aware of the risk of acquiring pig ascariasis. It is almost impossible to remove the Ascaris eggs from an area where pigs have lived, because they are resistant to freezing and heat and may survive for 10 years. Thus, preventing ascariasis exposure from pigs requires awareness and close attention to personal hygiene when working with pigs or their manure. […] Wash hands with soap and clean water before handling food or touching the mouth. Wash fruits and vegetables grown with manure with clean water before eating. Peeling or cooking them kills germs and parasite eggs. Wash hands with soap and clean water after touching pigs, their environment, or pig manure. Supervise children closely around pigs and teach them the above precautions. Consult with a veterinarian about managing and preventing ascariasis in your pigs.

• #38 Tackling the Worm Burden: Strategies for Prevention and Control of Ascariasis

  https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/open-access/tackling-the-worm-burden-strategies-for-prevention-and-control-of-ascariasis-127612.html

  Promoting hygiene behaviors such as regular handwashing with soap, especially before handling food and after using the toilet, can effectively interrupt the fecal-oral transmission route of Ascaris eggs. Community-based hygiene promotion campaigns tailored to local cultural practices and beliefs can encourage sustained behavior change. […] Mass drug administration with anthelmintic medications such as albendazole or mebendazole is a cornerstone of ascariasis control programs. MDA involves the periodic distribution of deworming medications to entire at-risk populations, regardless of individual infection status. This approach aims to reduce the worm burden within communities and interrupt the transmission cycle of Ascaris. […] Tackling the worm burden of ascariasis requires a multifaceted approach that addresses the socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral determinants of transmission. By implementing comprehensive prevention and control strategies, supported by sustained political commitment and investment, we can significantly reduce the burden of ascariasis and improve the health and well-being of affected populations worldwide.

• #39 Global prevalence of Ascaris infection in humans (2010–2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis | Infectious Diseases of Poverty | Full Text

  https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-022-01038-z

  Our findings indicate that, despite a renewed commitment by some communities or authorities to control ascariasis, a substantial portion of the worlds human population (0.7 billion) is infected with Ascaris. […] We propose that the present findings might stimulate the development of customised strategies for the improved control and prevention of Ascaris infection worldwide. […] However, anthelmintic treatment alone will not lead to a marked reduction or elimination of ascariasis without accompanying improvements in socioeconomic conditions and the provision of clean water, improved sanitation and hygiene. […] Thus, WHO set new targets that included the elimination of morbidity due to STHs (defined as the prevalence of moderate and heavy infection intensities of 2%) in preschool- and school-age children by 2030 and universal access to at least basic sanitation and hygiene by 2030 in STH-endemic areas.

• #40 What is Ascariasis Roundworm? | GIDEON

  https://www.gideononline.com/blogs/ascariasis/

  However, a prior ascariasis infection or treatment does not offer protection against future infections. […] The anthelmintic drugs used to treat ascariasis are effective in treating an immediate infection, but they do not offer longer-term protection. Reinfections are common. […] A preventive vaccine that offers long-term protection would be helpful to battle STHs like ascariasis. However, it has been very challenging to develop one compared to anti-bacterial or anti-viral vaccines. […] Control also starts with early diagnosis.

• #41 Roundworms (Nematodes): Examples, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/nematodes-roundworms

  Control of roundworm (nematode) infections is based on drug treatment, improved sanitation and health education. […] Antihelmintic drugs (eg, mebendazole, albendazole and tiabendazole) are often used for both symptomatic infections and for large-scale prevention of morbidity in children living in endemic areas. This has resulted in improvements in child health and education after deworming. […] Concerns about the sustainability of periodic deworming with available drugs and the emergence of resistance mean that a great deal more needs to be done in terms of new drugs and developing effective vaccines, as well as education and alleviating poverty.

• #42 Global prevalence of Ascaris infection in humans (2010–2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis | Infectious Diseases of Poverty | Full Text

  https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-022-01038-z

  The present findings on the prevalence and intensity of Ascaris infection should assist health policy makers in designing and supporting ascariasis intervention/control programmes that improve public health and reduce the burden of infection and disease. […] This study calls for continued global efforts to control and prevent human ascariasis, to work toward achieving key SDGs by reducing the burden of STHs and increasing human health and wellbeing.

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