Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Anaphylaxis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482124/

  Anaphylaxis is an acute, life-threatening hypersensitivity disorder defined as a generalized, rapidly evolving, multi-systemic allergic reaction. Physical presentations of anaphylaxis range from mild skin flushing and pruritus to severe respiratory symptoms. Anaphylaxis is a common medical emergency and a life-threatening acute hypersensitivity reaction. It can be defined as a rapidly evolving, generalized, multi-system allergic reaction. Without treatment, anaphylaxis is often fatal due to its rapid progression to respiratory collapse. Clinical presentation often begins as a mild allergic reaction. The primary symptoms depend on the mode of exposure to the causative antigen. Fullness or a „lump in the throat,” persistent clearing of the throat, or difficulty breathing are all concerning symptoms of anaphylaxis and should be treated aggressively. Anaphylaxis is a rapidly evolving presentation, usually within 1 hour of exposure. Roughly half of the anaphylactic-related fatalities occur within this first hour; therefore, the first hour after the initial symptom onset is the most crucial for treatment. It is important to note that the more rapid the onset and progression of symptoms, the more severe the disease process. The first hour is not the only time of concern, however, as anaphylactic reactions can also occur biphasically in up to 20% of cases. Even after successful management of the initial presenting symptoms, there can be a recurrence of symptoms peaking 8 to 11 hours after the initial reaction. The risk of morbidity and mortality is low. Rapid access to medical care and identification of the disease process are essential to patient prognosis. As stated above, the first hour after symptoms exposure is responsible for half of the related fatalities.

• #2 Patient education: Anaphylaxis symptoms and diagnosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anaphylaxis-symptoms-and-diagnosis-beyond-the-basics

  Anaphylaxis is a potentially deadly allergic reaction that is rapid in onset. It is most often caused or triggered by foods, medications, and insect stings. There are many other possible triggers. […] Symptoms of anaphylaxis generally begin within minutes to an hour or so after exposure to a trigger. […] The most common symptoms of anaphylaxis are hives (urticaria) and swelling of the skin (angioedema), which occur in most cases. Respiratory symptoms occur frequently and are especially common in people who also have asthma or another chronic respiratory disease. Extremely low blood pressure causing lightheadedness, dizziness, blurred vision, or loss of consciousness (passing out) also occurs commonly. […] Anaphylaxis can cause symptoms throughout the body: […] A severe form of anaphylaxis causes sudden collapse without other obvious symptoms, such as hives or flushing. This form of anaphylaxis occurs most commonly after a person is given a medication into a vein or is stung by an insect.

• #3 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis typically presents many different symptoms over minutes or hours with an average onset of 5 to 30 minutes if exposure is intravenous and up to 2 hours if from eating food. The most common areas affected include: skin (80-90%), respiratory (70%), gastrointestinal (30-45%), heart and vasculature (10-45%), and central nervous system (10-15%) with usually two or more being involved. […] Symptoms typically include generalized hives, itchiness, flushing, or swelling (angioedema) of the affected tissues. Those with angioedema may describe a burning sensation of the skin rather than itchiness. Swelling of the tongue or throat occurs in up to about 20% of cases. Other features may include a runny nose and swelling of the conjunctiva. The skin may also be blue tinged because of lack of oxygen.

• #4 Anaphylaxis

  https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis symptoms typically start within 5 to 30 minutes of coming into contact with the allergen to which you are allergic. In some cases it may take more than an hour for you to notice anaphylactic symptoms. […] Warning signs typically affect more than one part of the body and may include: […] Red rash, with hives/welts, that is usually itchy (It is possible to have a severe allergic reaction without skin symptoms.) […] Swollen throat or swollen areas of the body (It is possible to have a severe allergic reaction without skin symptoms.) […] Wheezing […] Passing out […] Chest tightness […] Trouble breathing, cough […] Hoarse voice […] Trouble swallowing […] Vomiting […] Diarrhea […] Stomach cramping […] Pale or red color to the face and body […] Feeling of impending doom.

• #5 Anaphylaxis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8619-anaphylaxis

  Usually, symptoms start within five to 30 minutes of coming into contact with the allergen. […] Biphasic anaphylaxis is when you have a second wave of symptoms after the first symptoms go away. This second wave can be hours or even days after the first wave. About 20% of people who have anaphylaxis get biphasic anaphylaxis. […] When people don’t get treatment in time, anaphylaxis may lead to unconsciousness and even death. But if you get prompt treatment with epinephrine, the prognosis is good. You’ll likely make a full recovery. […] The exact time varies between individuals, but you can expect it to peak within five to 30 minutes. But symptoms can continue for several hours, even with treatment. […] It’s important that you not wait to see if anaphylaxis goes away. Time is crucial when someone is experiencing anaphylaxis and a slight delay could cost them their life. […] Unfortunately, allergies that cause anaphylaxis last a lifetime. You can usually manage anaphylactic reactions with prompt use of epinephrine. But if you’ve had a severe allergic reaction, you can anticipate having that allergy for life.

• #6 Anaphylaxis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction and requires immediate medical attention. Within minutes of exposure to the allergen, or trigger, a person can have potentially life-threatening symptoms such as breathing and/or heart symptoms. […] Anaphylaxis can occur within minutes. It mostly occurs within 20 minutes to 2 hours after exposure to the allergen. […] Signs and symptoms may be mild at first, but can get worse very quickly. A small number of people suddenly develop signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) without any signs of a mild to moderate allergic reaction. […] Signs of a severe reaction (anaphylaxis) include: difficult/noisy breathing, swelling of tongue, swelling/tightness in the throat, difficulty talking and/or hoarse voice, wheeze or persistent cough, persistent dizziness or collapse, pale and floppy (in young children).

• #7 Anaphylaxis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482124/

  Anaphylaxis is an acute, life-threatening hypersensitivity disorder defined as a generalized, rapidly evolving, multi-systemic allergic reaction. Physical presentations of anaphylaxis range from mild skin flushing and pruritus to severe respiratory symptoms. Anaphylaxis is a common medical emergency and a life-threatening acute hypersensitivity reaction. It can be defined as a rapidly evolving, generalized, multi-system allergic reaction. Without treatment, anaphylaxis is often fatal due to its rapid progression to respiratory collapse. Clinical presentation often begins as a mild allergic reaction. The primary symptoms depend on the mode of exposure to the causative antigen. Fullness or a „lump in the throat,” persistent clearing of the throat, or difficulty breathing are all concerning symptoms of anaphylaxis and should be treated aggressively. Anaphylaxis is a rapidly evolving presentation, usually within 1 hour of exposure. Roughly half of the anaphylactic-related fatalities occur within this first hour; therefore, the first hour after the initial symptom onset is the most crucial for treatment. It is important to note that the more rapid the onset and progression of symptoms, the more severe the disease process. The first hour is not the only time of concern, however, as anaphylactic reactions can also occur biphasically in up to 20% of cases. Even after successful management of the initial presenting symptoms, there can be a recurrence of symptoms peaking 8 to 11 hours after the initial reaction. The risk of morbidity and mortality is low. Rapid access to medical care and identification of the disease process are essential to patient prognosis. As stated above, the first hour after symptoms exposure is responsible for half of the related fatalities.

• #8 Understanding Anaphylaxis: A Guide to its Four Stages

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/from-mild-to-life-threatening-navigating-4-stages-anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. It can be triggered by various substances, including certain foods, medications, insect venom, and latex. This medical emergency can occur as a result of food allergies, insect stings, or even idiopathic anaphylaxis, where the cause is unknown. […] The first stage of anaphylaxis, also known as a mild allergic reaction, is characterized by mild symptoms that may not immediately indicate a severe anaphylactic reaction. Common symptoms include: Itching, Skin redness or localized hives, Runny or stuffy nose, Sneezing or watery eyes, Mild symptoms following insect stings, bites, or food allergens (e.g., tree nuts). […] At this stage, symptoms become more intense and widespread. You may notice: Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, Persistent hives or rash, Hoarseness or trouble swallowing, Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, Itchy or watery eyes, nasal congestion.

• #9 Anaphylaxis: Stages, Symptoms, Treatment and More

  https://www.health.com/anaphylaxis-7497361

  There are four stages of anaphylaxis, which occur rapidly during an episode. These stages include: Stage 1: This stage includes symptoms that resemble a mild allergic reaction, including a skin rash, itching, hives, and swelling of the skin. It might not be clear you’re having an anaphylactic episode. Stage 2: Symptoms worsen and involve multiple systems, including the cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems. You may have abdominal pain, nausea, and trouble breathing. It’s important to get immediate medical attention. Stage 3: Anaphylactic shock can occur during this stage. Your blood pressure drops dangerously low, cutting off blood flow to the organs. Stage 4: Anaphylaxis becomes life-threatening. Blood stops circulating, and you might stop breathing. […] Some people can also develop a biphasic anaphylactic response. This is a less common occurrence characterized by symptoms returning after the initial reaction has been treated and resolved. This phase of the allergic response occurs hours after the initial reaction, even up to 72 hours later. Symptoms similar to those experienced in the initial reaction can reoccur. These symptoms are usually milder, though some may experience moderate to severe symptoms.

• #10 Understanding Anaphylaxis: A Guide to its Four Stages

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/from-mild-to-life-threatening-navigating-4-stages-anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. It can be triggered by various substances, including certain foods, medications, insect venom, and latex. This medical emergency can occur as a result of food allergies, insect stings, or even idiopathic anaphylaxis, where the cause is unknown. […] The first stage of anaphylaxis, also known as a mild allergic reaction, is characterized by mild symptoms that may not immediately indicate a severe anaphylactic reaction. Common symptoms include: Itching, Skin redness or localized hives, Runny or stuffy nose, Sneezing or watery eyes, Mild symptoms following insect stings, bites, or food allergens (e.g., tree nuts). […] At this stage, symptoms become more intense and widespread. You may notice: Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, Persistent hives or rash, Hoarseness or trouble swallowing, Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, Itchy or watery eyes, nasal congestion.

• #11 Understanding Anaphylaxis: A Guide to its Four Stages

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/from-mild-to-life-threatening-navigating-4-stages-anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. It can be triggered by various substances, including certain foods, medications, insect venom, and latex. This medical emergency can occur as a result of food allergies, insect stings, or even idiopathic anaphylaxis, where the cause is unknown. […] The first stage of anaphylaxis, also known as a mild allergic reaction, is characterized by mild symptoms that may not immediately indicate a severe anaphylactic reaction. Common symptoms include: Itching, Skin redness or localized hives, Runny or stuffy nose, Sneezing or watery eyes, Mild symptoms following insect stings, bites, or food allergens (e.g., tree nuts). […] At this stage, symptoms become more intense and widespread. You may notice: Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, Persistent hives or rash, Hoarseness or trouble swallowing, Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, Itchy or watery eyes, nasal congestion.

• #12 Understanding Anaphylaxis: A Guide to its Four Stages

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/from-mild-to-life-threatening-navigating-4-stages-anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. It can be triggered by various substances, including certain foods, medications, insect venom, and latex. This medical emergency can occur as a result of food allergies, insect stings, or even idiopathic anaphylaxis, where the cause is unknown. […] The first stage of anaphylaxis, also known as a mild allergic reaction, is characterized by mild symptoms that may not immediately indicate a severe anaphylactic reaction. Common symptoms include: Itching, Skin redness or localized hives, Runny or stuffy nose, Sneezing or watery eyes, Mild symptoms following insect stings, bites, or food allergens (e.g., tree nuts). […] At this stage, symptoms become more intense and widespread. You may notice: Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, Persistent hives or rash, Hoarseness or trouble swallowing, Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, Itchy or watery eyes, nasal congestion.

• #13 Understanding Anaphylaxis: A Guide to its Four Stages

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/from-mild-to-life-threatening-navigating-4-stages-anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. It can be triggered by various substances, including certain foods, medications, insect venom, and latex. This medical emergency can occur as a result of food allergies, insect stings, or even idiopathic anaphylaxis, where the cause is unknown. […] The first stage of anaphylaxis, also known as a mild allergic reaction, is characterized by mild symptoms that may not immediately indicate a severe anaphylactic reaction. Common symptoms include: Itching, Skin redness or localized hives, Runny or stuffy nose, Sneezing or watery eyes, Mild symptoms following insect stings, bites, or food allergens (e.g., tree nuts). […] At this stage, symptoms become more intense and widespread. You may notice: Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, Persistent hives or rash, Hoarseness or trouble swallowing, Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, Itchy or watery eyes, nasal congestion.

• #14 Understanding Anaphylaxis: A Guide to its Four Stages

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/from-mild-to-life-threatening-navigating-4-stages-anaphylaxis

  Severe anaphylaxis is a medical emergency with serious complications. Symptoms may include: Swelling of the airways (bronchospasm), Shortness of breath or wheezing, Chest pain or tightness, Weak or rapid pulse, Lightheadedness or loss of consciousness, Significant drop in blood pressure. […] This final stage involves full systemic failure and can result in anaphylactic shock or cardiac arrest. Signs of life-threatening anaphylaxis: Extremely low blood pressure, Weak or absent pulse, Respiratory failure due to severe airway swelling, Organ failure from poor blood flow, Cardiac arrest. […] Anaphylaxis symptoms can appear within seconds to minutes of exposure to an allergen and can progress rapidly. Early recognition of these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and treatment. Common symptoms of anaphylaxis include: Severe skin rashes, itching, and hives, Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, Shortness of breath, wheezing, or chest tightness, Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting, Stomach pain, bloating, vomiting, or diarrhea, Uterine cramps in women, A sense of impending doom or anxiety.

• #15 Anaphylaxis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8619-anaphylaxis

  Signs of anaphylaxis include shortness of breath, a drop in blood pressure and swelling in your lips, mouth and throat. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction. Signs include breathing difficulties, swelling, hives and a drop in blood pressure. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include swelling, wheezing, shortness of breath and difficulty swallowing. An anaphylactic reaction may affect several areas of your body at once. Anaphylaxis tends to happen suddenly and quickly. There often isn’t a warning period, but there can be mild signs like hives or flushed skin. Some healthcare providers break the stages of anaphylaxis into four categories: […] Stage three: Severe anaphylaxis happens next and involves a person displaying signs of difficulty breathing, extensive swelling, weak pulse or dizziness. A person in stage three anaphylaxis is experiencing a condition called anaphylactic shock.

• #16 Understanding Anaphylaxis: A Guide to its Four Stages

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/from-mild-to-life-threatening-navigating-4-stages-anaphylaxis

  Severe anaphylaxis is a medical emergency with serious complications. Symptoms may include: Swelling of the airways (bronchospasm), Shortness of breath or wheezing, Chest pain or tightness, Weak or rapid pulse, Lightheadedness or loss of consciousness, Significant drop in blood pressure. […] This final stage involves full systemic failure and can result in anaphylactic shock or cardiac arrest. Signs of life-threatening anaphylaxis: Extremely low blood pressure, Weak or absent pulse, Respiratory failure due to severe airway swelling, Organ failure from poor blood flow, Cardiac arrest. […] Anaphylaxis symptoms can appear within seconds to minutes of exposure to an allergen and can progress rapidly. Early recognition of these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and treatment. Common symptoms of anaphylaxis include: Severe skin rashes, itching, and hives, Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, Shortness of breath, wheezing, or chest tightness, Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting, Stomach pain, bloating, vomiting, or diarrhea, Uterine cramps in women, A sense of impending doom or anxiety.

• #17 Understanding Anaphylaxis: A Guide to its Four Stages

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/from-mild-to-life-threatening-navigating-4-stages-anaphylaxis

  Severe anaphylaxis is a medical emergency with serious complications. Symptoms may include: Swelling of the airways (bronchospasm), Shortness of breath or wheezing, Chest pain or tightness, Weak or rapid pulse, Lightheadedness or loss of consciousness, Significant drop in blood pressure. […] This final stage involves full systemic failure and can result in anaphylactic shock or cardiac arrest. Signs of life-threatening anaphylaxis: Extremely low blood pressure, Weak or absent pulse, Respiratory failure due to severe airway swelling, Organ failure from poor blood flow, Cardiac arrest. […] Anaphylaxis symptoms can appear within seconds to minutes of exposure to an allergen and can progress rapidly. Early recognition of these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and treatment. Common symptoms of anaphylaxis include: Severe skin rashes, itching, and hives, Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, Shortness of breath, wheezing, or chest tightness, Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting, Stomach pain, bloating, vomiting, or diarrhea, Uterine cramps in women, A sense of impending doom or anxiety.

• #18 Exploring the Progression of Anaphylaxis: What Happens in the Body? – KeepSmilin4Abbie

  https://keepsmilin4abbie.org/exploring-the-progression-of-anaphylaxis-what-happens-in-the-body/

  The systemic effects often come into play as the anaphylactic reaction progresses and inflammatory chemicals circulate throughout the body. The third stage of anaphylaxis is marked by a more severe and widespread allergic reaction, with symptoms that affect multiple organ systems. This stage is a critical point in anaphylaxis, which requires immediate intervention and treatment to prevent progression to anaphylactic shock and organ failure. […] The final stage of anaphylaxis is anaphylactic shock, which is a life-threatening condition that calls for emergency treatment. Critical features of anaphylactic shock include severe hypotension, respiratory failure, loss of consciousness, and potential organ failure. Without prompt administration of epinephrine and medical attention, anaphylaxis can be fatal.

• #19 Understanding Anaphylaxis: A Guide to its Four Stages

  https://www.beckerentandallergy.com/blog/from-mild-to-life-threatening-navigating-4-stages-anaphylaxis

  Severe anaphylaxis is a medical emergency with serious complications. Symptoms may include: Swelling of the airways (bronchospasm), Shortness of breath or wheezing, Chest pain or tightness, Weak or rapid pulse, Lightheadedness or loss of consciousness, Significant drop in blood pressure. […] This final stage involves full systemic failure and can result in anaphylactic shock or cardiac arrest. Signs of life-threatening anaphylaxis: Extremely low blood pressure, Weak or absent pulse, Respiratory failure due to severe airway swelling, Organ failure from poor blood flow, Cardiac arrest. […] Anaphylaxis symptoms can appear within seconds to minutes of exposure to an allergen and can progress rapidly. Early recognition of these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention and treatment. Common symptoms of anaphylaxis include: Severe skin rashes, itching, and hives, Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, Shortness of breath, wheezing, or chest tightness, Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting, Stomach pain, bloating, vomiting, or diarrhea, Uterine cramps in women, A sense of impending doom or anxiety.

• #20 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis typically presents many different symptoms over minutes or hours with an average onset of 5 to 30 minutes if exposure is intravenous and up to 2 hours if from eating food. The most common areas affected include: skin (80-90%), respiratory (70%), gastrointestinal (30-45%), heart and vasculature (10-45%), and central nervous system (10-15%) with usually two or more being involved. […] Symptoms typically include generalized hives, itchiness, flushing, or swelling (angioedema) of the affected tissues. Those with angioedema may describe a burning sensation of the skin rather than itchiness. Swelling of the tongue or throat occurs in up to about 20% of cases. Other features may include a runny nose and swelling of the conjunctiva. The skin may also be blue tinged because of lack of oxygen.

• #21 Time to revisit the definition and clinical criteria for anaphylaxis?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6838992/

  Anaphylaxis is highly likely when any one of the following 3 criteria are fulfilled: Acute onset of an illness (minutes to several hours) with involvement of the skin, mucosal tissue, or both (eg, generalized hives, pruritus or flushing, swollen lips-tongue-uvula) AND AT LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: a. Respiratory compromise (eg, dyspnea, wheeze-bronchospasm, stridor, reduced PEF, hypoxemia) b. Reduced BP or associated symptoms of end-organ dysfunction (eg, hypotonia [collapse], syncope, incontinence). […] Anaphylaxis often involves isolated respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms: in a large prospective cohort of anaphylaxis presenting to an emergency department, 31% and 14% of cases had isolated respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms in isolation, respectively. […] If an allergen provokes acute bronchoconstriction that is life-endangering in the absence of other symptoms, then anaphylaxis must be considered as a diagnosis and, more importantly, the reaction should be managed accordingly.

• #22 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis typically presents many different symptoms over minutes or hours with an average onset of 5 to 30 minutes if exposure is intravenous and up to 2 hours if from eating food. The most common areas affected include: skin (80-90%), respiratory (70%), gastrointestinal (30-45%), heart and vasculature (10-45%), and central nervous system (10-15%) with usually two or more being involved. […] Symptoms typically include generalized hives, itchiness, flushing, or swelling (angioedema) of the affected tissues. Those with angioedema may describe a burning sensation of the skin rather than itchiness. Swelling of the tongue or throat occurs in up to about 20% of cases. Other features may include a runny nose and swelling of the conjunctiva. The skin may also be blue tinged because of lack of oxygen.

• #23 Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/1115/p1111.html

  Skin involvement, predominantly urticaria and angioedema, occurs in 90 percent of episodes. Respiratory manifestations are present in 70 percent of episodes, primarily with signs and symptoms of upper airway obstruction. Lower airway obstruction may occur, especially in patients with a history of asthma. Cardiovascular involvement, which could lead to life-threatening hypotension, occurs in 45 percent of patients. Gastrointestinal and neurologic involvement occur 45 and 15 percent of the time, respectively.

• #24 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis typically presents many different symptoms over minutes or hours with an average onset of 5 to 30 minutes if exposure is intravenous and up to 2 hours if from eating food. The most common areas affected include: skin (80-90%), respiratory (70%), gastrointestinal (30-45%), heart and vasculature (10-45%), and central nervous system (10-15%) with usually two or more being involved. […] Symptoms typically include generalized hives, itchiness, flushing, or swelling (angioedema) of the affected tissues. Those with angioedema may describe a burning sensation of the skin rather than itchiness. Swelling of the tongue or throat occurs in up to about 20% of cases. Other features may include a runny nose and swelling of the conjunctiva. The skin may also be blue tinged because of lack of oxygen.

• #25 Anaphylaxis | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/symptoms/anaphylaxis/

  Anaphylaxis symptoms occur suddenly and can progress quickly. The early symptoms may be mild, such as a runny nose, a skin rash or a “strange feeling.” These symptoms can quickly lead to more serious problems, including: […] Trouble breathing […] Hives or swelling […] Tightness of the throat […] Hoarse voice […] Nausea […] Vomiting […] Abdominal pain […] Diarrhea […] Dizziness […] Fainting […] Low blood pressure […] Rapid heart beat […] Feeling of doom […] Cardiac arrest.

• #26 Patient education: Anaphylaxis symptoms and diagnosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anaphylaxis-symptoms-and-diagnosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Anaphylaxis is a potentially deadly allergic reaction that is rapid in onset. It is most often caused or triggered by foods, medications, and insect stings. There are many other possible triggers. […] Symptoms of anaphylaxis generally begin within minutes to an hour or so after exposure to a trigger. […] The most common symptoms of anaphylaxis are hives (urticaria) and swelling of the skin (angioedema), which occur in most cases. Respiratory symptoms occur frequently and are especially common in people who also have asthma or another chronic respiratory disease. Extremely low blood pressure causing lightheadedness, dizziness, blurred vision, or loss of consciousness (passing out) also occurs commonly. […] Anaphylaxis can cause symptoms throughout the body: […] A severe form of anaphylaxis causes sudden collapse without other obvious symptoms, such as hives or flushing. This form of anaphylaxis occurs most commonly after a person is given a medication into a vein or is stung by an insect.

• #27 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Respiratory symptoms and signs that may be present include shortness of breath, wheezes, or stridor. The wheezing is typically caused by spasms of the bronchial muscles while stridor is related to upper airway obstruction secondary to swelling. Hoarseness, pain with swallowing, or a cough may also occur. […] While a fast heart rate caused by low blood pressure is more common, a Bezold-Jarisch reflex has been described in 10% of people, where a slow heart rate is associated with low blood pressure. A drop in blood pressure or shock (either distributive or cardiogenic) may cause the feeling of lightheadedness or loss of consciousness. Rarely very low blood pressure may be the only sign of anaphylaxis. […] Gastrointestinal symptoms may include severe crampy abdominal pain, and vomiting. There may be confusion, a loss of bladder control or pelvic pain similar to that of uterine cramps. Dilation of blood vessels around the brain may cause headaches. A feeling of anxiety or of „impending doom” has also been described.

• #28 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Respiratory symptoms and signs that may be present include shortness of breath, wheezes, or stridor. The wheezing is typically caused by spasms of the bronchial muscles while stridor is related to upper airway obstruction secondary to swelling. Hoarseness, pain with swallowing, or a cough may also occur. […] While a fast heart rate caused by low blood pressure is more common, a Bezold-Jarisch reflex has been described in 10% of people, where a slow heart rate is associated with low blood pressure. A drop in blood pressure or shock (either distributive or cardiogenic) may cause the feeling of lightheadedness or loss of consciousness. Rarely very low blood pressure may be the only sign of anaphylaxis. […] Gastrointestinal symptoms may include severe crampy abdominal pain, and vomiting. There may be confusion, a loss of bladder control or pelvic pain similar to that of uterine cramps. Dilation of blood vessels around the brain may cause headaches. A feeling of anxiety or of „impending doom” has also been described.

• #29 Allergic Reaction/Anaphylaxis: Causes, Symptoms, How To Help | Red Cross

  https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/learn-first-aid/allergic-reaction-anaphylaxis?srsltid=AfmBOopSWQf2o5sotTFeoblpKT0G0fWKTp4KYQQ9JEEofkjGRXCOxXp0

  Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause shock and affect the persons ability to breathe. A person with anaphylaxis may have swelling of the face, neck, tongue or lips, trouble breathing, shock or a change in responsiveness. […] Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can be triggered by many things including venomous stings, certain foods (like peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, milk, eggs, soy and wheel), animal dander, plant pollen, latex or certain medications (like penicillin and sulfa drugs). […] Check for signs and symptoms. […] Face, neck, tongue or lip swelling* […] Trouble breathing* […] Change in responsiveness* […] Signs symptoms of shock* […] Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause shock and affect the persons ability to breathe. A person with anaphylaxis may have swelling of the face, neck, tongue or lips, trouble breathing, shock or a change in responsiveness.

• #30 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis typically presents many different symptoms over minutes or hours with an average onset of 5 to 30 minutes if exposure is intravenous and up to 2 hours if from eating food. The most common areas affected include: skin (80-90%), respiratory (70%), gastrointestinal (30-45%), heart and vasculature (10-45%), and central nervous system (10-15%) with usually two or more being involved. […] Symptoms typically include generalized hives, itchiness, flushing, or swelling (angioedema) of the affected tissues. Those with angioedema may describe a burning sensation of the skin rather than itchiness. Swelling of the tongue or throat occurs in up to about 20% of cases. Other features may include a runny nose and swelling of the conjunctiva. The skin may also be blue tinged because of lack of oxygen.

• #31 Anaphylaxis: Overview and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/first-aid-allergies-anaphylaxis-4013031

  Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. Symptoms of anaphylaxis come on suddenly and can include hives, swelling of the tongue, face, or throat, difficulty breathing, and an irregular heartbeat. If the reaction progresses to anaphylactic shock, it can be fatal. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment with an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen). […] Anaphylaxis symptoms generally start within minutes after exposure to the allergen, usually peaking within five to 30 minutes. In some cases, symptoms dont occur for a few hours; rarely, they last for several days. […] Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that can lead to anaphylactic shock, which can be fatal. […] A severe, sudden allergic reaction to an allergen such as food, insect bite, medication, or latex. Symptoms include facial or throat swelling, shortness of breath, vomiting, and hives. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that can be fatal if not treated immediately.

• #32 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Respiratory symptoms and signs that may be present include shortness of breath, wheezes, or stridor. The wheezing is typically caused by spasms of the bronchial muscles while stridor is related to upper airway obstruction secondary to swelling. Hoarseness, pain with swallowing, or a cough may also occur. […] While a fast heart rate caused by low blood pressure is more common, a Bezold-Jarisch reflex has been described in 10% of people, where a slow heart rate is associated with low blood pressure. A drop in blood pressure or shock (either distributive or cardiogenic) may cause the feeling of lightheadedness or loss of consciousness. Rarely very low blood pressure may be the only sign of anaphylaxis. […] Gastrointestinal symptoms may include severe crampy abdominal pain, and vomiting. There may be confusion, a loss of bladder control or pelvic pain similar to that of uterine cramps. Dilation of blood vessels around the brain may cause headaches. A feeling of anxiety or of „impending doom” has also been described.

• #33 Anaphylaxis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anaphylaxis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351468

  Anaphylaxis symptoms usually occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Sometimes, however, anaphylaxis can occur a half-hour or longer after exposure. In rare cases, anaphylaxis may be delayed for hours. Signs and symptoms include: […] Signs and symptoms include a rapid, weak pulse; a skin rash; and nausea and vomiting. […] A weak and rapid pulse. […] An anaphylactic reaction can be life-threatening it can stop your breathing or your heartbeat.

• #34 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis typically presents many different symptoms over minutes or hours with an average onset of 5 to 30 minutes if exposure is intravenous and up to 2 hours if from eating food. The most common areas affected include: skin (80-90%), respiratory (70%), gastrointestinal (30-45%), heart and vasculature (10-45%), and central nervous system (10-15%) with usually two or more being involved. […] Symptoms typically include generalized hives, itchiness, flushing, or swelling (angioedema) of the affected tissues. Those with angioedema may describe a burning sensation of the skin rather than itchiness. Swelling of the tongue or throat occurs in up to about 20% of cases. Other features may include a runny nose and swelling of the conjunctiva. The skin may also be blue tinged because of lack of oxygen.

• #35 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Respiratory symptoms and signs that may be present include shortness of breath, wheezes, or stridor. The wheezing is typically caused by spasms of the bronchial muscles while stridor is related to upper airway obstruction secondary to swelling. Hoarseness, pain with swallowing, or a cough may also occur. […] While a fast heart rate caused by low blood pressure is more common, a Bezold-Jarisch reflex has been described in 10% of people, where a slow heart rate is associated with low blood pressure. A drop in blood pressure or shock (either distributive or cardiogenic) may cause the feeling of lightheadedness or loss of consciousness. Rarely very low blood pressure may be the only sign of anaphylaxis. […] Gastrointestinal symptoms may include severe crampy abdominal pain, and vomiting. There may be confusion, a loss of bladder control or pelvic pain similar to that of uterine cramps. Dilation of blood vessels around the brain may cause headaches. A feeling of anxiety or of „impending doom” has also been described.

• #36 Anaphylaxis | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/symptoms/anaphylaxis/

  Anaphylaxis symptoms occur suddenly and can progress quickly. The early symptoms may be mild, such as a runny nose, a skin rash or a “strange feeling.” These symptoms can quickly lead to more serious problems, including: […] Trouble breathing […] Hives or swelling […] Tightness of the throat […] Hoarse voice […] Nausea […] Vomiting […] Abdominal pain […] Diarrhea […] Dizziness […] Fainting […] Low blood pressure […] Rapid heart beat […] Feeling of doom […] Cardiac arrest.

• #37 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis typically presents many different symptoms over minutes or hours with an average onset of 5 to 30 minutes if exposure is intravenous and up to 2 hours if from eating food. The most common areas affected include: skin (80-90%), respiratory (70%), gastrointestinal (30-45%), heart and vasculature (10-45%), and central nervous system (10-15%) with usually two or more being involved. […] Symptoms typically include generalized hives, itchiness, flushing, or swelling (angioedema) of the affected tissues. Those with angioedema may describe a burning sensation of the skin rather than itchiness. Swelling of the tongue or throat occurs in up to about 20% of cases. Other features may include a runny nose and swelling of the conjunctiva. The skin may also be blue tinged because of lack of oxygen.

• #38 Anaphylaxis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis

  Respiratory symptoms and signs that may be present include shortness of breath, wheezes, or stridor. The wheezing is typically caused by spasms of the bronchial muscles while stridor is related to upper airway obstruction secondary to swelling. Hoarseness, pain with swallowing, or a cough may also occur. […] While a fast heart rate caused by low blood pressure is more common, a Bezold-Jarisch reflex has been described in 10% of people, where a slow heart rate is associated with low blood pressure. A drop in blood pressure or shock (either distributive or cardiogenic) may cause the feeling of lightheadedness or loss of consciousness. Rarely very low blood pressure may be the only sign of anaphylaxis. […] Gastrointestinal symptoms may include severe crampy abdominal pain, and vomiting. There may be confusion, a loss of bladder control or pelvic pain similar to that of uterine cramps. Dilation of blood vessels around the brain may cause headaches. A feeling of anxiety or of „impending doom” has also been described.

• #39 Anaphylaxis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/3000099

  Anaphylaxis presents with sudden onset of life-threatening airway and/or breathing and/or circulation problems (with or without skin changes) after exposure to a trigger (allergen). […] Skin rash, wheezing and inspiratory stridor, and hypotension are the cardinal signs and symptoms. […] Anaphylaxis is a severe, generalised or systemic hypersensitivity reaction, characterised by rapidly developing life-threatening airway and/or breathing and/or circulation problems usually associated with skin and mucosal changes. […] Key diagnostic factors include acute onset, airway swelling (angio-oedema), inspiratory stridor and hoarse voice, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest hyperinflation, and accessory muscle use, cyanosis, respiratory arrest, pale, clammy skin, hypotension, increased pulse rate (tachycardia), bradycardia, cardiac arrest, confusion or disorientation, urticaria (hives), erythema, pruritus, rhinitis, and bilateral conjunctivitis. […] Other diagnostic factors include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and incontinence, abdominal cramps and pain, agitation, anxiety, and a sense of impending doom (angor animi).

• #40 Anaphylaxis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8619-anaphylaxis

  A person who has an anaphylactic reaction can go into anaphylactic shock when their blood pressure drops dangerously low. Bronchial tissues, which help carry air, may begin to swell and cause wheezing, shortness of breath and even loss of consciousness. Anaphylactic shock requires immediate treatment to save the person’s life. […] Anaphylaxis usually begins with skin symptoms of hives or itching. Within a few minutes, you may start experiencing more severe symptoms, including: Swelling in your throat, lips and tongue. Shortness of breath. Hives. Difficulty swallowing. […] If you notice symptoms, get medical help right away or use your allergy medication. Without treatment, more severe, life-threatening anaphylaxis symptoms may occur: Light-headedness or confusion due to a drop in blood pressure, Increased heart rate. Sudden weakness. Unconsciousness. Cardiac arrest.

• #41 Anaphylactic Shock: Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Treatments & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/anaphylactic-shock

  Anaphylactic shock results from a severe allergic reaction. It causes blood pressure to drop and narrows your airway, making breathing difficult. Without immediate treatment, it is life threatening. […] For some people with severe allergies, when theyre exposed to something theyre allergic to, they may experience a potentially life threatening reaction called anaphylaxis. […] Anaphylactic shock is a serious medical emergency. Call 911 immediately if you or someone with you is experiencing: […] Symptoms of anaphylaxis include: […] If you think youre experiencing anaphylaxis, seek medical attention immediately. If anaphylaxis has progressed to anaphylactic shock, the symptoms include: […] Anaphylaxis results from an overreaction of your immune system to an allergen, or something your body is allergic to. In turn, anaphylaxis can result in anaphylactic shock.

• #42 Anaphylaxis: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/symptoms-of-anaphylactic-shock-1298253

  Anaphylaxis can cause shock. This is a critical condition brought on by a sudden drop of blood flow throughout the body. Anaphylactic shock can cause death by restricting the amount of blood and oxygen that reaches organs, causing unconsciousness, coma, cardiac arrest, and even death. Anaphylaxis can also cause suffocation due to severe swelling of the throat. If left untreated, anaphylaxis can cause death within minutes to hours.

• #43 Anaphylaxis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8619-anaphylaxis

  Usually, symptoms start within five to 30 minutes of coming into contact with the allergen. […] Biphasic anaphylaxis is when you have a second wave of symptoms after the first symptoms go away. This second wave can be hours or even days after the first wave. About 20% of people who have anaphylaxis get biphasic anaphylaxis. […] When people don’t get treatment in time, anaphylaxis may lead to unconsciousness and even death. But if you get prompt treatment with epinephrine, the prognosis is good. You’ll likely make a full recovery. […] The exact time varies between individuals, but you can expect it to peak within five to 30 minutes. But symptoms can continue for several hours, even with treatment. […] It’s important that you not wait to see if anaphylaxis goes away. Time is crucial when someone is experiencing anaphylaxis and a slight delay could cost them their life. […] Unfortunately, allergies that cause anaphylaxis last a lifetime. You can usually manage anaphylactic reactions with prompt use of epinephrine. But if you’ve had a severe allergic reaction, you can anticipate having that allergy for life.

• #44 Patient education: Anaphylaxis symptoms and diagnosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anaphylaxis-symptoms-and-diagnosis-beyond-the-basics

  About 5 percent of people with anaphylaxis have biphasic (two-phase) anaphylaxis, in which symptoms resolve and then recur without further exposure to the trigger. This can occur several hours after the initial symptoms. […] Rarely, anaphylaxis can be protracted and last for hours or several days despite treatment.

• #45 Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/1115/p1111.html

  Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that is almost always unanticipated and may lead to death by airway obstruction or vascular collapse. Anaphylaxis occurs as the result of an allergen response, usually immunoglobulin E-mediated, which leads to mast cell and basophil activation and a combination of dermatologic, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurologic symptoms. Dermatologic and respiratory symptoms are most common, occurring in 90 and 70 percent of episodes, respectively. […] The diagnosis of anaphylaxis is typically made when symptoms occur within one hour of exposure to a specific antigen. […] Signs and symptoms usually develop within five to 30 minutes of exposure to the offending allergen, but may not develop for several hours. A biphasic reaction is a second acute anaphylactic reaction occurring hours after the first response and without further exposure to the allergen. One to 20 percent of patients with anaphylaxis experience biphasic reactions, which usually occur within eight hours of the initial reaction, but may occur as late as 24 to 72 hours after exposure.

• #46 Anaphylaxis: Stages, Symptoms, Treatment and More

  https://www.health.com/anaphylaxis-7497361

  There are four stages of anaphylaxis, which occur rapidly during an episode. These stages include: Stage 1: This stage includes symptoms that resemble a mild allergic reaction, including a skin rash, itching, hives, and swelling of the skin. It might not be clear you’re having an anaphylactic episode. Stage 2: Symptoms worsen and involve multiple systems, including the cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems. You may have abdominal pain, nausea, and trouble breathing. It’s important to get immediate medical attention. Stage 3: Anaphylactic shock can occur during this stage. Your blood pressure drops dangerously low, cutting off blood flow to the organs. Stage 4: Anaphylaxis becomes life-threatening. Blood stops circulating, and you might stop breathing. […] Some people can also develop a biphasic anaphylactic response. This is a less common occurrence characterized by symptoms returning after the initial reaction has been treated and resolved. This phase of the allergic response occurs hours after the initial reaction, even up to 72 hours later. Symptoms similar to those experienced in the initial reaction can reoccur. These symptoms are usually milder, though some may experience moderate to severe symptoms.

• #47 Anaphylaxis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment | Allergy Insider

  https://www.thermofisher.com/allergy/us/en/living-with-allergies/symptom-management/anaphylaxis.html

  Approximately 20 percent of people with anaphylaxis experience biphasic anaphylaxis. With this type of reaction, people experience some of the aforementioned symptoms, which then go away. However, hours or sometimes even days after this first wave of symptoms, they experience a second round of severe symptoms. Given the risks of biphasic reactions, its important to monitor people who have experienced anaphylaxis for hours or perhaps even days after theyve seemingly recovered.

• #48 Time to revisit the definition and clinical criteria for anaphylaxis?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6838992/

  Anaphylaxis is highly likely when any one of the following 3 criteria are fulfilled: Acute onset of an illness (minutes to several hours) with involvement of the skin, mucosal tissue, or both (eg, generalized hives, pruritus or flushing, swollen lips-tongue-uvula) AND AT LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: a. Respiratory compromise (eg, dyspnea, wheeze-bronchospasm, stridor, reduced PEF, hypoxemia) b. Reduced BP or associated symptoms of end-organ dysfunction (eg, hypotonia [collapse], syncope, incontinence). […] Anaphylaxis often involves isolated respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms: in a large prospective cohort of anaphylaxis presenting to an emergency department, 31% and 14% of cases had isolated respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms in isolation, respectively. […] If an allergen provokes acute bronchoconstriction that is life-endangering in the absence of other symptoms, then anaphylaxis must be considered as a diagnosis and, more importantly, the reaction should be managed accordingly.

• #49 Reaction signs and symptoms – Food Allergy Canada

  https://www.foodallergycanada.ca/food-allergy-basics/preventing-and-treating-allergic-reactions/reaction-signs-and-symptoms/

  Do not ignore early symptoms. […] Anaphylaxis can occur without skin symptoms or hives. […] Symptoms of anaphylaxis generally include two or more of the following body systems: skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular. […] Breathing or heart symptoms alone can be anaphylaxis. Keep in mind that hives dont always appear during anaphylactic reactions. […] It is not possible to predict the severity of an allergic reaction. […] Dont ignore early symptoms, even if they seem mild, especially if you have had a reaction in the past.

• #50 Patient education: Anaphylaxis symptoms and diagnosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anaphylaxis-symptoms-and-diagnosis-beyond-the-basics/print

  Anaphylaxis is a potentially deadly allergic reaction that is rapid in onset. It is most often caused or triggered by foods, medications, and insect stings. There are many other possible triggers. […] Symptoms of anaphylaxis generally begin within minutes to an hour or so after exposure to a trigger. […] The most common symptoms of anaphylaxis are hives (urticaria) and swelling of the skin (angioedema), which occur in most cases. Respiratory symptoms occur frequently and are especially common in people who also have asthma or another chronic respiratory disease. Extremely low blood pressure causing lightheadedness, dizziness, blurred vision, or loss of consciousness (passing out) also occurs commonly. […] Anaphylaxis can cause symptoms throughout the body: […] A severe form of anaphylaxis causes sudden collapse without other obvious symptoms, such as hives or flushing. This form of anaphylaxis occurs most commonly after a person is given a medication into a vein or is stung by an insect.

• #51 Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p355.html

  Risk factors for severe or fatal anaphylaxis include coexisting asthma, mast cell disorders, age older than 50 years, underlying cardiovascular disease, peanut and tree nut allergy, and drug-induced reactions. […] Biphasic reactions occur in less than 5% of patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis and are defined as the recurrence of anaphylaxis within 72 hours of the initial reaction without reexposure to the allergen.

• #52 Anaphylaxis Reaction Criteria, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/anaphylaxis/article.htm

  Risk factors for poor outcomes from anaphylaxis include delayed treatment with epinephrine and a history of asthma, particularly uncontrolled asthma. In the community, the most common causes of poor outcomes are stinging-insect allergy in adults and a history of peanut and tree nut allergy. Death from anaphylaxis from these causes is usually associated with delayed treatment with epinephrine. If recognized and treated promptly with epinephrine, the prognosis for anaphylaxis is generally good and the vast majority of patients experience a full recovery.

• #53 Anaphylaxis: Recognition and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0915/p355.html

  Risk factors for severe or fatal anaphylaxis include coexisting asthma, mast cell disorders, age older than 50 years, underlying cardiovascular disease, peanut and tree nut allergy, and drug-induced reactions. […] Biphasic reactions occur in less than 5% of patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis and are defined as the recurrence of anaphylaxis within 72 hours of the initial reaction without reexposure to the allergen.

• #54 Food Allergy Anaphylaxis in Infants and Toddlers | AAFA.org

  https://aafa.org/asthma-allergy-research/our-research/food-allergy-anaphylaxis-in-infants/

  Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening if not treated quickly and properly. […] Anaphylaxis can be hard to recognize in infants and toddlers. Its important for parents and caregivers to know the signs and symptoms in young children and when to give epinephrine. […] The most common symptoms of anaphylaxis in infants and toddlers were skin reactions, swelling, vomiting, and diarrhea. Signs related to the heart and blood vessels like blue-grey-white appearance and poor head control were not as common as skin or stomach/gut issues. […] Compared to older children and adults, infants and toddlers are more likely to have: Itching, Rash, Hives, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Hoarse voice/cry, Sudden behavioral change. […] The ITA study also found that parents/caregivers recognized signs that they later realized were due to an allergic reaction. More education is needed on allergic reaction symptoms in babies.

• #55 Food Allergy Anaphylaxis in Infants and Toddlers | AAFA.org

  https://aafa.org/asthma-allergy-research/our-research/food-allergy-anaphylaxis-in-infants/

  Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening if not treated quickly and properly. […] Anaphylaxis can be hard to recognize in infants and toddlers. Its important for parents and caregivers to know the signs and symptoms in young children and when to give epinephrine. […] The most common symptoms of anaphylaxis in infants and toddlers were skin reactions, swelling, vomiting, and diarrhea. Signs related to the heart and blood vessels like blue-grey-white appearance and poor head control were not as common as skin or stomach/gut issues. […] Compared to older children and adults, infants and toddlers are more likely to have: Itching, Rash, Hives, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Hoarse voice/cry, Sudden behavioral change. […] The ITA study also found that parents/caregivers recognized signs that they later realized were due to an allergic reaction. More education is needed on allergic reaction symptoms in babies.

• #56 Anaphylaxis in Children | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/a/anaphylaxis-in-children.html

  Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening reaction to an allergen. Anaphylaxis may happen in seconds, minutes, or hours after being exposed to an allergen. Symptoms may include: Tightness or swelling of the lips, throat, tongue, or uvula. Trouble swallowing. Hoarse voice. Wheezing or trouble breathing. Uneasy feeling or agitation, a feeling of impending doom. Widespread hives. Severe itching of the skin. Nausea and vomiting. Stomach pain. Irregular heartbeat. Lowered blood pressure. Loss of bladder control. Dizziness or fainting. Infants may have sudden drooling, unusual sleepiness, fussiness, or crying. […] Symptoms of anaphylaxis include tightness or swelling of the throat, tongue, or uvula. Also, trouble breathing, hives, itching, nausea and vomiting, irregular heartbeat, and loss of bladder control. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency. Treatment will likely include a shot of epinephrine.

• #57 Anaphylaxis | Anaphylactic Shock | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/anaphylaxis.html

  Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction. It can begin very quickly, and symptoms may be life-threatening. The most common causes are reactions to foods (especially peanuts), medications, and stinging insects. Other causes include exercise and exposure to latex. Sometimes no cause can be found. […] It can affect many organs: Skin – itching, hives, redness, swelling; Nose – sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose; Mouth – itching, swelling of the lips or tongue; Throat – itching, tightness, trouble swallowing, swelling of the back of the throat; Chest – shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, chest pain or tightness; Heart – weak pulse, passing out, shock; Gastrointestinal tract – vomiting, diarrhea, cramps; Nervous system – dizziness or fainting.

• #58 Anaphylaxis – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/about-allergy/anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis is the most severe type of allergic reaction and should always be treated as a medical emergency. Anaphylaxis requires immediate treatment with adrenaline (epinephrine), which is injected into the outer mid-thigh muscle. Delayed treatment can result in fatal anaphylaxis. […] Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis are potentially life threatening, and include any one of the following: Difficult or noisy breathing. Swelling of tongue. Swelling or tightness in throat. Wheeze or persistent cough. Difficulty talking or hoarse voice. Persistent dizziness or collapse. Pale and floppy (in young children). […] Adrenaline rapidly reverses the effects of anaphylaxis by reducing throat swelling, opening the airways, and maintaining heart function and blood pressure.

• #59 Anaphylaxis – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/about-allergy/anaphylaxis

  Anaphylaxis is the most severe type of allergic reaction and should always be treated as a medical emergency. Anaphylaxis requires immediate treatment with adrenaline (epinephrine), which is injected into the outer mid-thigh muscle. Delayed treatment can result in fatal anaphylaxis. […] Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis are potentially life threatening, and include any one of the following: Difficult or noisy breathing. Swelling of tongue. Swelling or tightness in throat. Wheeze or persistent cough. Difficulty talking or hoarse voice. Persistent dizziness or collapse. Pale and floppy (in young children). […] Adrenaline rapidly reverses the effects of anaphylaxis by reducing throat swelling, opening the airways, and maintaining heart function and blood pressure.

• #60 Serious Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/anaphylaxis.html

  A person with symptoms of anaphylaxis needs treatment right away. […] Time matters during anaphylaxis. If your child shows signs of a serious allergic reaction: Give the epinephrine right away. If you are alone with your child, give this medicine first, then call 911. If someone is with you, have the person call 911 while you give the epinephrine. Lay your child down with legs raised while you wait for the ambulance. Go to the emergency room, even if symptoms improve after epinephrine. Your child must be under medical supervision for several hours. This is because a second wave of serious symptoms (called a biphasic reaction) can happen. Your child can get more treatment at the emergency room, if needed.

• #61 Anaphylaxis | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/immune-system/anaphylaxis/

  Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can develop rapidly. […] Signs of anaphylaxis include: itchy skin or a raised, red skin rash, swollen eyes, lips, hands and feet, feeling lightheaded or faint, swelling of the mouth, throat or tongue, which can cause breathing and swallowing difficulties, wheezing, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, collapse and unconsciousness. […] Anaphylaxis usually develops within minutes of contact with an allergen, but sometimes the reaction can happen up to 4 hours later. […] The signs of suspected anaphylaxis are: problems breathing, feeling faint or dizzy, loss of consciousness. […] Most people should experience a rapid improvement in symptoms once the adrenaline has been used. […] Even if adrenaline is given, the person will need to go to hospital for observation usually for 6 to 12 hours as symptoms can occasionally return during this period.

• #62 Time to revisit the definition and clinical criteria for anaphylaxis?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6838992/

  Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction that is usually rapid in onset and may cause death. Severe anaphylaxis is characterized by potentially life-threatening compromise in breathing and/or the circulation, and may occur without typical skin features or circulatory shock being present. […] Given our inability to predict severe reactions and evidence that early adrenaline may help reduce risk, all anaphylaxis reactions (irrespective of severity) demand appropriate treatment with intramuscular epinephrine/adrenaline.

• #63 Time to revisit the definition and clinical criteria for anaphylaxis?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6838992/

  Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction that is usually rapid in onset and may cause death. Severe anaphylaxis is characterized by potentially life-threatening compromise in breathing and/or the circulation, and may occur without typical skin features or circulatory shock being present. […] Given our inability to predict severe reactions and evidence that early adrenaline may help reduce risk, all anaphylaxis reactions (irrespective of severity) demand appropriate treatment with intramuscular epinephrine/adrenaline.

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