Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Meningitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350508

  Meningitis is an infection and swelling, called inflammation, of the fluid and membranes around the brain and spinal cord. These membranes are called meninges. […] The inflammation from meningitis most often triggers symptoms such as headache, fever and a stiff neck. […] Early meningitis symptoms may be like those of the flu. Symptoms may come on over several hours or over a few days. […] The following may be symptoms of meningitis in people older than 2 years: Sudden high fever. Stiff neck. Bad headache. Nausea or vomiting. Confusion or trouble concentrating. Seizures. Sleepiness or trouble waking. Sensitivity to light. No desire to eat or drink. Skin rash sometimes, such as in meningococcal meningitis. […] The following may be symptoms of meningitis in newborns and infants: High fever. Constant crying. Being very sleepy or irritable. Trouble waking from sleep. Being not active or sluggish. Not waking to eat. Poor feeding. Vomiting. A bulge in the soft spot on top of the baby’s head. Stiffness in the body and neck.

• #1 Meningitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis

  The most common symptoms are fever, intense headache, vomiting and neck stiffness and occasionally photophobia. […] Other symptoms include confusion or altered consciousness, nausea, and an inability to tolerate loud noises. […] Young children often exhibit only nonspecific symptoms, such as irritability, drowsiness, or poor feeding. […] A non-blanching rash (a rash that does not fade when a glass is rolled over it) may also be present. […] The classic triad of diagnostic signs consists of neck stiffness, sudden high fever, and altered mental status; however, all three features are present in only 44-46% of bacterial meningitis cases. […] Other signs commonly associated with meningitis include photophobia (intolerance to bright light) and phonophobia (intolerance to loud noises).

• #1 Bacterial Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/bacterial-meningitis/

  If seizures occur or if the baby’s fontanelle is bulging, seek emergency medical help immediately. […] In young children, early symptoms indicating that meningitis is developing can include: Leg pains, Cold hands or feet, Rash, Bluish, pallor, or duskiness around the lips. […] The classic triad of symptoms of meningitis are a stiff neck, headache and fever, but these are not all present in all cases. However, most people with meningitis tend to have two of the four following symptoms: Fever, Headache, A stiff neck, Altered mental status, for example confusion, disorientation or unusual sleepiness. […] Other symptoms include: Pale, blotchy or bluish skin, Rash, Nausea, Vomiting, Photophobia or discomfort around bright light, Muscle pain or joint pain, Abdominal pain or diarrhea, Irritability, Seizures, Cranial nerve problems, such as nonreactive pupils, Shock, the symptoms of which include low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and low urine output.

• #1 Meningococcal Disease Symptoms and Complications | Meningococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/symptoms/index.html

  Meningitis and bloodstream infections are the two most common types of meningococcal infections. […] Both are serious and can be deadly in a matter of hours. […] Symptoms of meningococcal disease can first appear as a flu-like illness and rapidly worsen. […] Seek medical attention immediately for symptoms of meningococcal disease. […] The most common symptoms of meningitis include: Fever, Headache, Stiff neck. […] There are often additional symptoms, such as Altered mental status (confusion), Nausea, Photophobia (eyes being more sensitive to light), Vomiting. […] Babies may not have the classic symptoms listed above. If they do, it may be difficult to notice the symptoms. […] Instead, babies may Appear to be slow or inactive, Be irritable, Feed poorly, Have a bulging anterior fontanelle (the soft spot of the skull), Have abnormal reflexes, Vomit. […] Call a healthcare provider right away if you think you or your child might have meningococcal disease.

• #1 Symptoms of Meningitis – Superdrug Health Clinic

  https://healthclinics.superdrug.com/symptoms-of-meningitis/

  A bad headache and a stiff neck are telltale signs of meningitis – while a number of the early symptoms of meningitis have similarities to other illnesses, a severe headache and a stiff neck are signs that the meninges in the head and neck may be becoming inflamed as a result of meningitis. These two symptoms are key to look out for to help differentiate meningitis from the flu. Sensitivity to light is also another symptom that is not commonly seen in illnesses such as the flu, which can also be indicative of meningitis. […] The first symptoms of meningitis typically happen very quickly – much like the flu, the symptoms of meningitis can come on quite suddenly and progress in a short amount of time. This is especially true for bacterial meningitis, the second most common type of meningitis in the UK, which can progress to causing serious health complications or even death in a matter of hours.

• #1 Meningitis Symptoms and Warning Signs

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/meningitis-symptoms-warning-signs

  It’s not easy to spot the symptoms of meningitis. People often confuse the early signs and symptoms of meningitis with the flu. In fact, meningitis may come on the heels of a flu-like illness or infection. That’s why it’s important to stay alert, learn the common signs and symptoms of meningitis, and act quickly. […] The first signs of meningitis often feel like the flu, including: Fever, Vomiting, Headache, Diarrhea, Stomach cramps, Feeling sick in general, Muscle pain, Pale skin, Cold hands and feet. […] A rash is one of the main signs of meningitis, but it may not appear until later. Because meningitis can make you sick very quickly, don’t wait for the rash to show up. Get medical help right away. […] Watch for bacterial meningitis symptoms that show up quickly, such as: A stiff neck, Headache, High fever, Confusion, Rash, Nausea and vomiting, Light sensitivity.

• #1 Acute Bacterial Meningitis – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/meningitis/acute-bacterial-meningitis

  As infection progresses, children and adults can become increasingly irritable, confused, and then drowsy. They may then become unresponsive and require vigorous, physical stimulation to be aroused. This mental state is called stupor. […] Adults may become seriously ill within 24 hours, and children even sooner. Meningitis may cause coma and death within hours. […] In meningococcal meningitis, the bloodstream and many other organs are often infected. […] Symptoms can also be milder in people with a weakened immune system due to use of medications or disorders that suppress the immune system (such as advanced HIV infection), in people with alcohol use disorder, and in very old adults. […] If bacterial meningitis develops after surgery on the brain or spinal cord, symptoms often take days to develop.

• #1 22 effects of meningitis

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321029

  Pain and stiffness in the neck, which healthcare professionals call Brudzinski sign, are a common indication of meningitis. […] A person with meningitis may become sensitive to light. […] If a person cannot be woken or seems excessively sleepy, this may be an early symptom of meningitis infection. […] Lethargy is a common symptom of bacterial and viral meningitis in both adults and children. […] A severe headache, brain swelling, and the body’s defense against the illness can cause stomach upset and vomiting, especially in children. […] Meningitis can lead to changes in mental status and a loss of consciousness. In some cases, coma can occur. […] When meningitis causes brain swelling or pressure, it can disrupt the brain’s normal function, resulting in a seizure. […] In severe cases of meningitis, a person may experience enough brain damage to cause a coma.

• #1 Bacterial Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/bacterial-meningitis/

  In children, the symptoms of bacterial meningitis may be different from those in adults. The symptoms of meningitis in children may not always be clear. It is important to remember that infants and very young children often cannot tell caregivers how they feel, so vigilance is important. […] In babies and young children, symptoms may include: Fast breathing, Difficulty breathing, Excessive, high-pitched crying or moaning, or crying that is noticeably different from the baby’s usual cry, Irritability, Lethargy or less activity than usual, Drowsiness, sleepiness, or being difficult to wake up, Refusal to eat and/or vomiting, Jerky movements and stiffness, or floppiness, High fever, above 38 C / 100.4 F, or changing body temperature, i.e., being hot and then cold, Seizures, Bulging fontanelle, the soft spot on top of a baby’s head.

• #1 Meningitis

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/meningitis.html

  Meningitis can produce mild symptoms such as headache, low-grade fever and tiredness lasting two to three days in some patients. […] In other patients, the symptoms can be severe and begin suddenly with fever, headache and stiff neck accompanied by some combination of other symptoms: decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to bright light, confusion and sleepiness. […] In newborns and infants, the classic findings of fever, headache and stiff neck may or may not be present. An infant may have no other symptoms than being listless, irritable and sleepy, having little interest in feeding and possibly vomiting. Also, a purplish red rash may appear with meningococcal meningitis.

• #1

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/meningitis-signs-and-symptoms-poster/meningitis-dont-ignore-the-signs-and-symptoms

  Many of the early signs vomiting, fever, aches, general tiredness and headaches are also signs of less serious illnesses like colds and flu. […] But someone with meningitis or septicaemia will usually become seriously ill in a matter of hours. […] This is why it is very important to keep checking someone who is ill so you know if they are getting rapidly worse and to keep looking for signs and symptoms. […] Seek medical help urgently if you become concerned about their or your own health. […] Its important too to look for cold hands and feet, severe limb pain and pale and blotchy skin, as these tend to develop early in the illness. […] Symptoms such as a rash that doesnt fade (do the glass test), being confused or delirious, or too sleepy to wake occur later and are very serious seek help immediately.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/meningitis/symptoms/

  Symptoms of meningitis can appear in any order. Some may not appear at all. In the early stages, there may not be a rash, or the rash may fade when pressure is applied. […] Symptoms of meningitis and sepsis include: a high temperature, cold hands and feet, vomiting, confusion, breathing quickly, muscle and joint pain, pale, mottled or blotchy skin (this may be harder to see on brown or black skin), spots or a rash (this may be harder to see on brown or black skin), headache, a stiff neck, a dislike of bright lights, being very sleepy or difficult to wake, fits (seizures). […] Someone with meningitis or sepsis can get a lot worse very quickly. […] If a rash does not fade under a glass, it can be a sign of sepsis (sometimes called septicaemia or blood poisoning) caused by meningitis and you should call 999 straight away.

• #1 Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Types, Treatment, Risks, Vaccine

  https://www.healthline.com/health/meningitis

  Meningitis can occur due to a viral, bacterial, or fungal infection and requires emergency medical treatment. Symptoms may include stiff neck, sleepiness, and headache, among others. […] The symptoms of viral and bacterial meningitis can be similar in the beginning. However, bacterial meningitis symptoms are usually more severe. The symptoms also vary depending on your age. […] Viral meningitis may cause: headaches, fever, stiff neck, seizures, sensitivity to bright light, sleepiness, lethargy, nausea and vomiting, decreased appetite, altered mental state. […] Bacterial meningitis symptoms develop suddenly. They may include: altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, irritability, headache, fever, chills, stiff neck, purple areas of skin that resemble bruises, sleepiness, lethargy.

• #1 Viral meningitis: Symptoms and Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/viral-meningitis/

  A person with viral meningitis may also show symptoms of the virus that is making them ill. […] Most people with viral meningitis will recover without treatment within 7 to 10 days. […] Viral meningitis caused by enteroviruses or the herpes simplex virus is capable of causing viral septic shock in newborn babies and infants. […] In rare cases, viral meningitis can cause more serious conditions. […] Complications may include persistent headaches and a feeling of general illness (malaise), which may last for up to three weeks. […] The majority of people who experience viral meningitis will experience no long-term effects as a result of the condition.

• #1 Meningitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350508

  Seek medical care right away if you or someone in your family has meningitis symptoms such as: Fever. Bad headache that doesn’t go away. Confusion. Vomiting. Stiff neck. […] Bacterial meningitis can cause death within days without fast antibiotic treatment. Delayed treatment also increases the risk of long-term brain damage.

• #1 What doctors wish patients knew about bacterial meningitis | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-bacterial-meningitis

  Bacterial meningitis signs and symptoms can be deceiving, said Dr. Silvers. But it is important to note that it is a medical emergency. […] A child can progress from not hungry, tired, with fever and headache to dying within a few hours, he warned. If the child cannot touch their chin to their chest without pain in combination with a fever or headache, obtain emergent medical care. […] Once symptoms appear, the time course varies and actually can take a few days sometimes, Dr. Silvers said. The biggest concern are the cases that progress extremely quickly. The person can go from awake and answering questions to unresponsive in just a few hours. […] As soon as you are concerned about meningitis, you should go for immediate medical care, Dr. Silvers said, noting that a physician can determine whether the patient has meningitis.

• #1 Meningitis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232915-clinical

  Occasionally, if a patient has been taking antibiotics for another infection, meningitis symptoms may take longer to develop or may be less intense. […] Atypical presentation may be observed in certain groups. […] As bacterial meningitis progresses, patients of any age may have seizures (30% of adults and children; 40% of newborns and infants). […] In patients who have been treated with oral antibiotics previously, seizures may be the sole presenting symptom; fever and changes in level of alertness or mental status are less common in partially treated meningitis than in untreated meningitis. […] Approximately 25% of patients have concomitant sinusitis or otitis that could predispose to S pneumoniae meningitis. […] In contrast, patients with subacute bacterial meningitis and most patients with viral meningitis present with neurologic symptoms developing over 1 to 7 days. […] Chronic symptoms lasting longer than 1 week suggest the presence of meningitis caused by certain viruses or by tuberculosis, syphilis, fungi (especially cryptococci), or carcinomatosis.

• #1 Meningitis | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/meningitis/

  Meningitis can be very serious if not treated quickly. It can cause life-threatening blood poisoning (septicaemia) and result in permanent damage to the brain or nerves. […] Symptoms of meningitis develop suddenly and can include: a high temperature (fever) over 37.5C (99.5F), being sick, a headache, a blotchy rash that doesn’t fade when a glass is rolled over it (this won’t always develop), a stiff neck, a dislike of bright lights, drowsiness or unresponsiveness, seizures (fits). […] These symptoms can appear in any order and some may not appear. […] Most people with bacterial meningitis who are treated quickly will also make a full recovery, although some are left with serious, long-term problems. These can include: hearing loss or vision loss, which may be partial or total, problems with memory and concentration, recurrent seizures (epilepsy), co-ordination, movement and balance problems, loss of limbs amputation of affected limbs is sometimes necessary. […] Overall, it’s estimated that up to 1 in every 10 cases of bacterial meningitis is fatal.

• #1 Bacterial Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/bacterial-meningitis/

  The severity of the bacterial infection in meningitis can cause short-term complications such as: Sepsis, Coma, Seizures, Cerebral edema, Pericardial effusion, Hemolytic anemia, Septic arthritis, Peripheral gangrene, Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome. […] In the long term, some people who have had meningitis experience some degree of: Hearing loss, Sight loss or blindness, Ataxia, loss of coordinated muscle movements, Seizures or epilepsy, Learning and motor difficulties, Cranial nerve dysfunction, which can affect the facial muscles, smell, sight and taste, Hydrocephalus, or fluid buildup in the brain, Organ damage, for example, kidney damage, In children, damage to the growth plates of the bones leads to impaired growth.

• #1 Meningitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis

  Neck stiffness occurs in 70% of bacterial meningitis in adults. […] Severe meningococcal and pneumococcal infections may result in hemorrhaging of the adrenal glands, leading to Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, which is often fatal. […] The brain tissue may swell, pressure inside the skull may increase and the swollen brain may herniate through the skull base. […] Seizures may occur for various reasons; in children, seizures are common in the early stages of meningitis (in 30% of cases) and do not necessarily indicate an underlying cause. […] Inflammation of the meninges may lead to abnormalities of the cranial nerves, a group of nerves arising from the brain stem that supply the head and neck area and which control, among other functions, eye movement, facial muscles, and hearing. […] Visual symptoms and hearing loss may persist after an episode of meningitis. […] Meningitis can lead to serious long-term consequences such as deafness, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, or cognitive deficits, especially if not treated quickly.

• #1

  https://www.meningitis.org/meningitis/after-effects

  Most people make a full recovery from meningitis with no lasting problems. […] Bacterial meningitis is more likely to cause long-term after-effects than viral meningitis. […] Very young infants are more likely to have after-effects than older children or adults. […] Meningitis affects everyone differently, and most people make a full recovery without any lasting problems. But in some cases, the disease can cause ongoing problems which may need further treatment and support. […] The possible after-effects of meningitis include: Learning and intellectual disabilities such as memory loss, lack of concentration or issues with thinking and problem solving. […] Clumsiness and co-ordination problems. […] Headaches. […] Deafness, hearing problems, tinnitus, dizziness or loss of balance.

• #1 Meningitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14600-meningitis

  Viral meningitis can go away on its own within about a week. Symptoms of bacterial or fungal meningitis may last a few days to a week or more after treatment. It can take weeks to months to feel completely recovered, and some people have long-lasting or permanent health issues. […] Research suggests that 10% to 20% of people who’ve had meningitis will have long-term health issues. Bacterial meningitis is more likely to cause lasting health effects than other types of meningitis.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/meningitis/

  Meningitis can be very serious if not treated quickly. […] Symptoms of meningitis develop suddenly and can include: a high temperature (fever), being sick, a headache, a rash that does not fade when a glass is rolled over it (but a rash will not always develop), a stiff neck, a dislike of bright lights, drowsiness or unresponsiveness, seizures (fits). […] These symptoms can appear in any order. You do not always get all the symptoms. […] Most people with bacterial meningitis who are treated quickly will also make a full recovery, although some are left with serious long-term problems.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/meningitis

  Meningitis is the inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be infectious or non-infectious in origin, can be associated with high risk of death and long-term complications, and requires urgent medical care. […] Bacterial meningitis is the most serious type of meningitis. It is a severe, life-threatening condition that can often lead to long-term adverse health consequences. […] The symptoms of meningitis can differ based on the cause, how quickly the disease progresses, how long it lasts, brain involvement, and other serious complications like sepsis. Common symptoms of meningitis are fever, neck stiffness, confusion or altered mental status, headache, sensitivity to light, nausea and vomiting. Less frequent symptoms include seizures, coma and neurological deficits, such as weakness of the limbs. […] One in 5 people surviving an episode of bacterial meningitis may have long lasting after-effects. These after-effects include hearing loss, seizures, limb weakness, difficulties with vision, speech, language, memory and communication, as well as scarring and limb amputations after sepsis.

• #2 Meningitis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232915-clinical

  Acute bacterial meningitis is characterized by its severity and rapid progression. […] Only about 44% of adults with bacterial meningitis exhibit the classic triad of fever, headache, and neck stiffness. […] These symptoms can develop over several hours or over 1 to 2 days. […] In a large prospective study of 696 cases of adults with bacterial meningitis, van de Beek et al reported that 95% of the patients had 2 of the following 4 symptoms: fever, headache, stiff neck, and altered mental status. […] Other symptoms can include the following: Nausea, Vomiting, Photalgia (photophobia) – Discomfort when the patient looks into bright lights, Sleepiness, Confusion, Irritability, Delirium, Coma. […] Approximately 25% of patients with bacterial meningitis present acutely, well within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms.

• #2

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/meningitis-signs-and-symptoms-poster/meningitis-dont-ignore-the-signs-and-symptoms

  For meningitis, the most important signs to look out for are: fever, a very bad headache (this alone is not a reason to get medical help), vomiting, stiff neck, dislike of bright lights, rash, confusion, delirium, severe sleepiness, losing consciousness, seizures. […] For septicaemia, the most important signs to look out for are: fever and shivering, severe pains and aches in limbs and joints, vomiting, very cold hands and feet, pale or blotchy skin, rapid breathing, diarrhoea and stomach cramps, red or purple bruised or blotchy rash on skin that do not fade under pressure do the glass test. […] Not all of these symptoms will develop and they can appear in any order and be mixed between the 2 illnesses. […] Meningococcal disease can be hard to identify at first because it can be like a bad case of flu. […] However, anyone affected with meningococcal disease will usually become seriously ill within a few hours.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/meningitis/symptoms/

  Symptoms of meningitis can appear in any order. Some may not appear at all. In the early stages, there may not be a rash, or the rash may fade when pressure is applied. […] Symptoms of meningitis and sepsis include: a high temperature, cold hands and feet, vomiting, confusion, breathing quickly, muscle and joint pain, pale, mottled or blotchy skin (this may be harder to see on brown or black skin), spots or a rash (this may be harder to see on brown or black skin), headache, a stiff neck, a dislike of bright lights, being very sleepy or difficult to wake, fits (seizures). […] Someone with meningitis or sepsis can get a lot worse very quickly. […] If a rash does not fade under a glass, it can be a sign of sepsis (sometimes called septicaemia or blood poisoning) caused by meningitis and you should call 999 straight away.

• #2 Meningitis | HealthLink BC

  https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthwise/meningitis

  The most common symptoms of either form of meningitis include: […] A fever. […] A severe headache that won’t go away. […] A stiff and painful neck, especially when trying to touch the chin to the chest. […] Vomiting. […] Confusion and decreased level of consciousness. […] Seizures. […] Less common symptoms include: […] Feeling sluggish. […] Having muscle aches and weakness. […] Having strange feelings (such as tingling) or weakness throughout the body. […] Eye sensitivity and eye pain from bright lights. […] Dark purple and blotchy skin rash. […] Dizzy spells. […] It’s very important to see a doctor right away if you or your child has these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell if they are caused by viral or bacterial meningitis. And the bacterial type can be deadly if it’s not treated right away.

• #2 Symptoms of Meningitis – Superdrug Health Clinic

  https://healthclinics.superdrug.com/symptoms-of-meningitis/

  Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the tissues that surround and protect the spinal cord and brain. Meningitis is a serious condition that is most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections, and requires urgent medical attention. If you think you, or somebody else, is displaying symptoms of meningitis then you should seek medical help immediately. The symptoms of meningitis differ between ages, so it is important to know which symptoms to look out for. […] The first signs of the meningitis can be hard to spot – the early symptoms of meningitis are very similar to those of the flu and other milder illnesses, so meningitis can be very difficult to identify at first. As meningitis can be potentially life-threatening, it is important to learn how to identify the early symptoms that distinguish meningitis from other illnesses.

• #2

  https://www.meningitis.org/meningitis/check-symptoms

  The first symptoms are usually fever, vomiting, headache and feeling unwell. Limb pain, pale skin, and cold hands and feet often appear earlier than the rash, neck stiffness, dislike of bright lights and confusion. […] It is important to understand that not everyone gets all the meningitis and sepsis symptoms: they can appear in any order.

• #2 Bacterial Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11039-bacterial-meningitis

  Bacterial meningitis symptoms typically come on suddenly, often within 24 hours of exposure. Symptoms may include: Fever. Headache. Inability to lower your chin to your chest due to a stiff neck. Flu-like symptoms. Nausea and vomiting. Photophobia (sensitivity to light). Confusion (altered mental status). […] In older children and adults, symptoms may also include irritability and increasing drowsiness. Seizures and stroke may occur. […] If you or your child has any of these symptoms, go to your nearest emergency room or call 911 right away. Bacterial meningitis can worsen quickly, leading to coma and even death within hours. […] Bacterial meningitis is a serious condition. Between 10% and 15% of people who get the disease will die. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics lead to a better chance of recovery.

• #2 Meningitis: Signs, Symptoms and Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/meningitis

  The signs and symptoms of bacterial and viral meningitis can be the same. […] Early Signs Are: Chills and a fever rectal (childs bottom) temperature over 100.4 Fahrenheit (F) or 38 Celsius (C). Babies under 3 months may not have a fever. Increased tiredness. Cranky, fussy. Sensitivity to light. Severe headache. Vomiting (throwing up). Unusual high-pitched cry. Stiff neck your child may hold their neck still or cry when it moves. In babies, sometimes bulging at the fontanel (soft spot) on their head. […] Later Signs Are: Convulsions (seizures). Confusion. Staggering or swaying when walking. Hallucinations. Loss of consciousness, does not wake up when touched. […] If you suspect your child has bacterial meningitis or is getting sicker, take them to the closest hospital emergency department or call 911.

• #2 Meningitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis

  Neck stiffness occurs in 70% of bacterial meningitis in adults. […] Severe meningococcal and pneumococcal infections may result in hemorrhaging of the adrenal glands, leading to Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, which is often fatal. […] The brain tissue may swell, pressure inside the skull may increase and the swollen brain may herniate through the skull base. […] Seizures may occur for various reasons; in children, seizures are common in the early stages of meningitis (in 30% of cases) and do not necessarily indicate an underlying cause. […] Inflammation of the meninges may lead to abnormalities of the cranial nerves, a group of nerves arising from the brain stem that supply the head and neck area and which control, among other functions, eye movement, facial muscles, and hearing. […] Visual symptoms and hearing loss may persist after an episode of meningitis. […] Meningitis can lead to serious long-term consequences such as deafness, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, or cognitive deficits, especially if not treated quickly.

• #2 Meningitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14600-meningitis

  Your baby might not experience the same meningitis symptoms as adults (like headache, neck stiffness and nausea) and it can be hard to tell even if they are. Some signs of meningitis you can look for in babies include bulging soft spot (fontanelle) on baby’s head, poor eating, sleepiness or trouble waking up from sleep, and low energy or slower responses (lethargy). […] Meningitis can cause severe headaches that can be quite painful. The pain might radiate down your back or to other parts of your body. It also may be almost impossible to move your neck certain ways. Some people have less noticeable symptoms, so don’t wait for severe pain to see your healthcare provider if you have symptoms of meningitis. […] The outlook for meningitis depends on what’s causing it, how severe it is and how soon you’re treated. If you’re treated quickly, you can usually make a full recovery, though it can take a long time to feel completely well again.

• #2

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/meningitis-and-septicaemia/symptoms/

  Babies may also: refuse feeds, not take their usual feed, be agitated, not want to be picked up, have a bulging soft spot on their head (fontanelle), have an unusual high-pitched cry, have a stiff body, be floppy or unresponsive. […] A rash is not the only symptom to be concerned about. It may be the last symptom to appear and can spread very fast. Do not wait for a rash to appear before getting medical help. […] If the rash does not fade, it’s a sign of blood poisoning (septicaemia) caused by meningitis. Get medical help immediately.

• #2 Meningococcal Disease Symptoms and Complications | Meningococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/symptoms/index.html

  Meningitis and bloodstream infections are the two most common types of meningococcal infections. […] Both are serious and can be deadly in a matter of hours. […] Symptoms of meningococcal disease can first appear as a flu-like illness and rapidly worsen. […] Seek medical attention immediately for symptoms of meningococcal disease. […] The most common symptoms of meningitis include: Fever, Headache, Stiff neck. […] There are often additional symptoms, such as Altered mental status (confusion), Nausea, Photophobia (eyes being more sensitive to light), Vomiting. […] Babies may not have the classic symptoms listed above. If they do, it may be difficult to notice the symptoms. […] Instead, babies may Appear to be slow or inactive, Be irritable, Feed poorly, Have a bulging anterior fontanelle (the soft spot of the skull), Have abnormal reflexes, Vomit. […] Call a healthcare provider right away if you think you or your child might have meningococcal disease.

• #2

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/meningitis-and-septicaemia/symptoms/

  Symptoms of meningitis and septicaemia develop suddenly. You or your child will usually not have every symptom. […] The most well-known symptom is a rash. But symptoms can appear in any order. Do not wait for a rash to appear before you get medical help. […] Think about meningitis and septicaemia if you or your child has any of these symptoms: a high temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or above, a rash or spots – this may be harder to see on brown or black skin, feeling and being sick, headache, a stiff neck, aches or pains – for example, stomach, joint or muscle pain, breathing fast, that they are bothered by bright light, cold hands and feet or pale, mottled skin – this may be harder to see on brown or black skin, fits (seizures). […] Other symptoms include: confusion, drowsiness, hard to wake them up, irritability and a lack of energy.

• #2 Signs and Symptoms of meningitis in babies | Meningitis Now

  https://www.meningitisnow.org/meningitis-explained/signs-and-symptoms/signs-and-symptoms-babies-and-toddlers/

  Symptoms can appear in any order and some may not appear at all. […] Symptoms can appear in any order. Some may not appear at all. […] A baby or toddler with meningitis or septicaemia can get a lot worse very quickly. Keep checking them. […] Bacterial meningitis can be fatal and needs rapid admission to hospital and urgent medical treatment. […] You should never wait for a rash, it can be a late sign or may not appear at all.

• #2 Know the Symptoms of a Meningitis Infection | UNC Health Talkhealth wellnessstethoscopeStorieshealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriestwitter-iconfacebook-iconpinterest-iconemail-iconhealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriesfacebooktwitteryoutubepinterestinstagramLinked

  https://healthtalk.unchealthcare.org/know-the-symptoms-of-a-meningitis-infection/

  „Viral meningitis is not as dangerous as bacterial meningitis, but a person won’t be able to tell whether their symptoms are caused by a virus or bacteria without seeing a physician,” Dr. Duncan says. „If you are experiencing symptoms, you want to prevent them from progressing to a dangerous stage.”

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/meningitis/

  Meningitis can be very serious if not treated quickly. […] Symptoms of meningitis develop suddenly and can include: a high temperature (fever), being sick, a headache, a rash that does not fade when a glass is rolled over it (but a rash will not always develop), a stiff neck, a dislike of bright lights, drowsiness or unresponsiveness, seizures (fits). […] These symptoms can appear in any order. You do not always get all the symptoms. […] Most people with bacterial meningitis who are treated quickly will also make a full recovery, although some are left with serious long-term problems.

• #2 Meningitis Symptoms and Warning Signs

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/meningitis-symptoms-warning-signs

  When a virus causes meningitis, watch out for symptoms like these that start suddenly: Fever, Headache, Stiff neck, Chills, Nausea or vomiting, Light sensitivity, Appetite loss, Double vision, Flu-like symptoms such as a runny nose, cough, or body aches. […] A meningitis rash can spread very quickly and be a sign of severe illness. If you experience this, you should seek medical attention quickly. […] Symptoms of meningococcal sepsis to watch for include: Fever and chills, Fast breathing, Cold hands and feet, Nausea and vomiting, Tiredness, Severe muscle and joint aches, Pain in the chest, Dark purple rash. […] Sometimes, meningitis gets better on its own. But the infection could become life-threatening, so get medical help if you have symptoms of meningitis. […] Meningitis symptoms look very similar to cold and flu symptoms. Look for signs such as a pinpoint or splotchy rash, stiff neck, severe headache, and fever. Get medical help right away if you think you or your child has symptoms of meningitis. Treating this infection quickly can prevent serious complications.

• #2 Meningitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14600-meningitis

  Viral meningitis can go away on its own within about a week. Symptoms of bacterial or fungal meningitis may last a few days to a week or more after treatment. It can take weeks to months to feel completely recovered, and some people have long-lasting or permanent health issues. […] Research suggests that 10% to 20% of people who’ve had meningitis will have long-term health issues. Bacterial meningitis is more likely to cause lasting health effects than other types of meningitis.

• #2 Meningitis – symptoms, causes and treatments | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/meningitis

  Some people with meningitis have a purple-red skin rash or bruising. The red or purple spots do not turn white when you press on them with a finger. […] Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency that needs immediate treatment. […] Some people with bacterial meningitis can develop sepsis. This is a very serious condition that needs immediate treatment. […] Occasionally, meningitis can cause serious or long-term problems, such as brain damage, hearing loss, seizures or epilepsy.

• #2 Meningitis: Signs, Symptoms and Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/meningitis

  Call your childs health care provider if they have: Chills or a fever of 101 F or 38.3 C or above. A stiff neck again hold their neck still or cry when their head moves. Vomiting. Change in behavior crying more than usual, irritable, more sleepy, confused. Hearing loss. Severe headaches. Bulging soft spot on their head babies only. […] If you suspect your childs bacterial meningitis is coming back or they are getting sicker, take them to the closest hospital emergency department or call 911.

• #2 Meningitis Symptoms & First Aid | St John Ambulance

  https://www.sja.org.uk/get-advice/first-aid-advice/meningitis/

  Anyone of any age can get meningitis although it is more common in babies, children and young adults. […] Meningitis is an infection of the linings that surround the brain and the spinal cord. Its caused by a bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and non-infections conditions. […] It can be very serious. If you suspect someone has meningitis, call 999 or 112 immediately or take them to your nearest emergency department straight away, so they can get urgent treatment as soon as possible for urgent treatment. […] Look for: a high temperature, hands and feet may feel cold to touch, joint and limb pain, as the infection develops, severe headache, neck stiffness, vomiting, eyes may be sensitive to light, confusion and drowsiness, babies may refuse feed, ae irritable and may have a high pitched, moaning or whimpering cry. They may be floppy and have a tense or bulging soft spot on the top of the skull known as the fontanelle. […] If someone is unwell and you think they have signs of meningitis, call 999 or 112 for emergency help straight away or take them to the nearest hospital emergency department, so they can starts urgent treatment as soon as possible.

• #2 What doctors wish patients knew about bacterial meningitis | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-bacterial-meningitis

  Bacterial meningitis signs and symptoms can be deceiving, said Dr. Silvers. But it is important to note that it is a medical emergency. […] A child can progress from not hungry, tired, with fever and headache to dying within a few hours, he warned. If the child cannot touch their chin to their chest without pain in combination with a fever or headache, obtain emergent medical care. […] Once symptoms appear, the time course varies and actually can take a few days sometimes, Dr. Silvers said. The biggest concern are the cases that progress extremely quickly. The person can go from awake and answering questions to unresponsive in just a few hours. […] As soon as you are concerned about meningitis, you should go for immediate medical care, Dr. Silvers said, noting that a physician can determine whether the patient has meningitis.

• #2 Meningitis | HealthLink BC

  https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthwise/meningitis

  Babies, young children, older adults, and people with other medical conditions may not have the usual symptoms of meningitis. […] In babies, the signs of it may be a fever, crankiness that’s hard to calm, decreased appetite, a rash, vomiting, and a shrill cry. Babies also may have a stiff body and bulging soft spots on the head that aren’t caused by crying. Babies with meningitis may cry when handled. […] Young children with meningitis may act like they have influenza (flu). Or they may cough or have trouble breathing. […] Older adults and people with other medical conditions may have only a slight headache and fever. They may not feel well and may have little energy. […] The course of meningitis often depends on your age, general health, and the organism causing the infection. The illness can range from mild to severe.

• #2 Meningitis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232915-clinical

  Occasionally, if a patient has been taking antibiotics for another infection, meningitis symptoms may take longer to develop or may be less intense. […] Atypical presentation may be observed in certain groups. […] As bacterial meningitis progresses, patients of any age may have seizures (30% of adults and children; 40% of newborns and infants). […] In patients who have been treated with oral antibiotics previously, seizures may be the sole presenting symptom; fever and changes in level of alertness or mental status are less common in partially treated meningitis than in untreated meningitis. […] Approximately 25% of patients have concomitant sinusitis or otitis that could predispose to S pneumoniae meningitis. […] In contrast, patients with subacute bacterial meningitis and most patients with viral meningitis present with neurologic symptoms developing over 1 to 7 days. […] Chronic symptoms lasting longer than 1 week suggest the presence of meningitis caused by certain viruses or by tuberculosis, syphilis, fungi (especially cryptococci), or carcinomatosis.

• #2 Acute Bacterial Meningitis – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/meningitis/acute-bacterial-meningitis

  As infection progresses, children and adults can become increasingly irritable, confused, and then drowsy. They may then become unresponsive and require vigorous, physical stimulation to be aroused. This mental state is called stupor. […] Adults may become seriously ill within 24 hours, and children even sooner. Meningitis may cause coma and death within hours. […] In meningococcal meningitis, the bloodstream and many other organs are often infected. […] Symptoms can also be milder in people with a weakened immune system due to use of medications or disorders that suppress the immune system (such as advanced HIV infection), in people with alcohol use disorder, and in very old adults. […] If bacterial meningitis develops after surgery on the brain or spinal cord, symptoms often take days to develop.

• #2 Bacterial Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/bacterial-meningitis/

  The severity of the bacterial infection in meningitis can cause short-term complications such as: Sepsis, Coma, Seizures, Cerebral edema, Pericardial effusion, Hemolytic anemia, Septic arthritis, Peripheral gangrene, Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome. […] In the long term, some people who have had meningitis experience some degree of: Hearing loss, Sight loss or blindness, Ataxia, loss of coordinated muscle movements, Seizures or epilepsy, Learning and motor difficulties, Cranial nerve dysfunction, which can affect the facial muscles, smell, sight and taste, Hydrocephalus, or fluid buildup in the brain, Organ damage, for example, kidney damage, In children, damage to the growth plates of the bones leads to impaired growth.

• #2 Meningitis Symptoms and Complications

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/meningitis/guide/symptoms/

  Children with bacterial meningitis may experience: Fever, Vomiting, Respiratory difficulties, Seizures or shock. […] The initial symptoms of PAM headache, fever, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting begin within the first seven days of becoming infected with the parasite. […] Without treatment, PAM usually results in death about five days after symptoms start. […] Signs and symptoms of meningitis in newborns include: Fever, Dazed effect, Difficulties focusing a gaze, Irritability, especially when held, Constant crying, Frequent vomiting, Difficulty being fed, Bulging fontanelle (swollen soft spot on the head), Constant sleepiness or trouble waking. […] The later stages of bacterial meningitis can cause severe and life-threatening complications, including: Septicemia (blood poisoning), Seizures, Coma, Stroke.

• #2 ‘Teenagers may feel invincible – but we’re at risk’: What you need to know about meningitis as post-COVID cases continue to rebound | GSK

  https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/behind-the-science-magazine/meningitis-cases-rebound-risks-symptoms/

  In the later stages, damage to the walls of the blood vessels can also cause a rash of red/purple spots or bruises that do not fade under pressure. […] The first hours after the infection are the most crucial, and some infected patients do not survive longer than a couple of days. For those who survive, permanent damage like hearing loss, seizures, visual impairment, co-ordination problems, and psychological issues can be experienced. Septicaemia, an added complication, can also cause skin damage and scarring, amputations, and damage to lung, liver, and kidneys.

• #2 Meningitis: long-term consequences and complications.

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/long-term-effect-of-meningitis/

  The long-term effects of meningitis can be extremely serious. Treatment includes taking medications as prescribed by your doctor. In addition, you need to be constantly monitored by a doctor. And you need to keep an eye on your health. […] In conclusion, each type of meningitis has different long-term effects and treatment options. It is essential to seek medical attention if you suspect you or someone you know has meningitis. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent serious complications. […] Long-term side effects of meningitis may include hearing loss, seizures, memory problems, etc. […] Yes, meningitis can cause problems years later. It can be hearing loss, cognitive impairment, and even death in severe cases. […] In conclusion, meningitis can cause several long-term effects. It is very important to seek medical help if you suspect you or someone you know has meningitis. That way, you can prevent serious complications and long-term effects.

• #2

  https://www.meningitis.org/meningitis/after-effects

  Epilepsy or seizures. […] Weakness, paralysis or spasms. […] Speech problems. […] Loss of sight or vision problems. […] Hydrocephalus (fluid on the brain). […] Mental health issues and changes to personality or behaviour. […] Difficulties with sleep. […] Fatigue. […] Anxiety and depression. […] Most people make a full recovery from meningitis with no lasting problems. But it can leave people with temporary after-effects, or in some cases a lifelong disability. […] Several factors can influence your chance of being left with a long-term disability after meningitis, including: Whether the meningitis was caused by bacteria or a virus. Bacterial meningitis is more likely to cause after-effects than viral meningitis. […] The age you are when you become unwell. Very young infants are more likely to have after-effects than older children and adults.

• #2 Bacterial Meningitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11039-bacterial-meningitis

  Bacterial meningitis is an uncommon condition, but its a medical emergency that can worsen quickly. If youre experiencing any symptoms of the disease, you should seek medical care immediately. […] Bacterial meningitis is a very serious, life-threatening disease. If you have symptoms of the condition, its important to seek medical attention right away. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can often lead to a full recovery. But delayed treatment can lead to long-term complications and even death.

• #3 Meningitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350508

  Meningitis is an infection and swelling, called inflammation, of the fluid and membranes around the brain and spinal cord. These membranes are called meninges. […] The inflammation from meningitis most often triggers symptoms such as headache, fever and a stiff neck. […] Early meningitis symptoms may be like those of the flu. Symptoms may come on over several hours or over a few days. […] The following may be symptoms of meningitis in people older than 2 years: Sudden high fever. Stiff neck. Bad headache. Nausea or vomiting. Confusion or trouble concentrating. Seizures. Sleepiness or trouble waking. Sensitivity to light. No desire to eat or drink. Skin rash sometimes, such as in meningococcal meningitis. […] The following may be symptoms of meningitis in newborns and infants: High fever. Constant crying. Being very sleepy or irritable. Trouble waking from sleep. Being not active or sluggish. Not waking to eat. Poor feeding. Vomiting. A bulge in the soft spot on top of the baby’s head. Stiffness in the body and neck.

• #4 Meningitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14600-meningitis

  Symptoms include fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting and light sensitivity. […] Symptoms of meningitis include fever, headache, neck stiffness, sensitivity to light, nausea, vomiting and confusion. Classic symptoms of meningitis in adults are fever, headache and neck stiffness, but not everyone has every symptom. Newborns and babies may instead vomit, act fussy, not eat well, lack energy and be difficult to wake up. […] Symptoms of meningitis can be different in babies than in children and adults. In bacterial meningitis, fever, headache and neck stiffness can come on suddenly and your condition can worsen rapidly. […] Symptoms of meningitis in children and adults include neck stiffness, nausea or vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia), confusion or altered mental state, lack of energy (lethargy), extreme sleepiness or trouble waking up, lack of appetite, and small round spots that look like a rash (petechiae).

Zobacz więcej