Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hydrocele – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/1104

  A hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid between the layers of the membrane (tunica vaginalis) that surrounds the testis or along the spermatic cord. Rarely, similar fluid collection can occur in females along the canal of Nuck. […] Common in male infants and the newborn. Most pediatric hydroceles are congenital and, in the majority of cases, resolve within the first year of life. […] May occur in adult men where they are found secondary to minor trauma, infection, testicular torsion, epididymitis, varicocele operation, or testicular tumor. […] The main symptom is a painless, swollen scrotum on 1 or both sides, which feels like a water-filled balloon. […] Treatment depends on the age of the patient and the degree of discomfort caused by the hydrocele. Surgery will only be performed if the hydrocele is causing problems or there is evidence of underlying pathology.

• #1 Hydrocele – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1104

  A hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid between the layers of the membrane (tunica vaginalis) that surrounds the testis or along the spermatic cord. Rarely, similar fluid collection can occur in females along the canal of Nuck. […] Common in male infants and the newborn. Most paediatric hydroceles are congenital and, in the majority of cases, resolve within the first year of life. […] May occur in adult men where they are found secondary to minor trauma, infection, testicular torsion, epididymitis, varicocele operation, or testicular tumour. […] The main symptom is a painless, swollen scrotum on 1 or both sides, which feels like a water-filled balloon. […] Treatment depends on the age of the patient and the degree of discomfort caused by the hydrocele. Surgery will only be performed if the hydrocele is causing problems or there is evidence of underlying pathology.

• #1 Hydrocele – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hydrocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20363969

  Often the only sign of a hydrocele is a painless swelling of one or both testicles. […] The swelling might make an adult’s scrotum feel heavy. In general, pain gets worse as the swelling increases. Sometimes, the swollen area might be smaller in the morning and larger later in the day. […] A baby’s hydrocele often goes away on its own. But if your baby still has a hydrocele after a year or if the swelling gets worse, ask your child’s health care provider to check the hydrocele again. […] Get help right away if you or your child has sudden, terrible pain or swelling in the scrotum. It’s extra important to get prompt treatment if the pain or swelling starts within a few hours of an injury to the scrotum. These symptoms can happen with certain health problems, including blocked blood flow in a twisted testicle. This problem is called testicular torsion. It needs to be treated within hours of the symptoms starting to save the testicle.

• #1 Hydrocele: Symptoms Causes, Types, & Treatments – Apollo Hospital Blog

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/health-library/hydrocele-does-it-require-treatment-or-just-watchful-waiting

  Zwykle jedynym objawem hydrocele jest bezbolesne powiększenie jednego lub obu jąder. […] U dorosłych mężczyzn może występować uczucie ciężkości lub dyskomfort z powodu powiększonego moszny. […] W pewnych przypadkach powiększony obszar wygląda na mały rano, a w ciągu dnia staje się większy.

• #1 Hydrocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16294-hydrocele

  A hydrocele is when abdominal fluid fills a sac in your scrotum, causing it to swell. The main symptom is swelling, which may cause discomfort or pain. […] The main symptom of a hydrocele is swelling on one or both sides of your scrotum that may feel like a water balloon. You might notice other symptoms in your scrotum, like: Swelling that changes in size during the day. Discomfort. Pain. A feeling of heaviness. […] Hydroceles can be alarming because they cause swelling in a sensitive part of your body and can happen suddenly. In some instances, hydroceles can be bothersome depending on their size. A large hydrocele may cause discomfort while sitting or walking. However, in many people, a hydrocele isn’t serious, bothersome or painful. […] Most hydroceles go away on their own without treatment. But if a hydrocele doesn’t resolve on its own, a healthcare provider may recommend a hydrocelectomy. During a hydrocelectomy, a surgeon will remove the hydrocele. If you have a communicating hydrocele, they’ll close the opening between your processus vaginalis and scrotum. […] The outlook for a hydrocele is generally very good. Most cases resolve on their own, and cases that require surgery have a high success rate.

• #1 Hydrocele: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hydrocele

  A hydrocele is a painless swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the thin layer of skin surrounding a testicle. […] The swelling can occur on one or both sides of the scrotum. It does not cause pain but may be uncomfortable, particularly when the swelling is significant. […] Usually, hydroceles do not cause any pain, and the only symptom is a swollen scrotum. […] However, in adults, hydroceles can be uncomfortable. The greater the amount of fluid in the hydrocele, the heavier the scrotum feels. Some people find the swelling more uncomfortable in the morning than in the evening. […] If sudden scrotal pain or swelling occurs, especially after an injury to the scrotum, it is important to get medical help straight away. […] A hydrocele is unlikely to be painful, but it can cause an uncomfortable feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. […] Most hydroceles, in both infants and adults, disappear without the need for medical intervention. In rare cases, doctors might need to perform surgery or aspiration to drain the fluid.

• #1 Hydrocele: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, Surgery, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/hydrocele-baby-boys

  A hydrocele doesnt hurt. The only symptom youll notice is that one or both of the babys testicles look swollen. […] The swelling from a noncommunicating hydrocele doesnt change in size. A communicating hydrocele can get bigger during the day, and if you gently squeeze it, the fluid will move out of the scrotum and into the belly.

• #1 Hydrocele – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/hydrocele/

  Often, the only symptom is swelling of the scrotum. Your childs scrotum may change size over the course of the day. Hydroceles rarely cause pain. In older boys, swelling may cause discomfort. […] It is important to find out if a hydrocele or something else is causing the swelling, especially if the scrotum has been injured. Take your son to the doctor right away if he has sudden, severe pain and swelling in his scrotum. A twisted testicle (testicular torsion) and some types of inguinal hernia need treatment right away. […] Noncommunicating hydroceles usually go away on their own. Doctors suggest surgery only if the hydrocele is still present when your child turns 1. […] Most of the time, communicating hydroceles are fixed with surgery because they can lead to hernias. Doctors will often suggest surgery soon after they diagnose a hydrocele.

• #1 Communicating Hydrocele: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16303-communicating-hydrocele

  A communicating hydrocele usually doesn’t cause pain. However, you may notice swelling on one side of the scrotum. The swelling may reduce in size while lying down or sleeping. It may increase with activity. […] If your child has communicating hydrocele, symptoms may include: Swollen or enlarged scrotum. Swelling that increases and decreases throughout the day. […] In older children and adults, symptoms may include the above symptoms, as well as: Inflammation. Discomfort as your scrotum swells and gets heavy. Pain as your scrotum increases in size. […] The outlook for a communicating hydrocele is good. In many cases, it goes away on its own without treatment. If surgery is necessary to correct a communicating hydrocele, the pain usually goes away within a few days, and you or your child can return to normal physical activities in a few weeks.

• #1 Hydrocele and Hernia | Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/h/hydrocele

  A hydrocele is a collection of fluid in the scrotum around the testicle. […] When a hydrocele is present, a nontender mass or bulge is seen in the groin or scrotum. A communicating hydrocele or hernia will change in size, becoming larger when a baby is crying, or if older, when the child is walking. The bulge will be smaller in size when the child is sleeping or quiet. A hydrocele or hernia is usually not painful. But, some infants do experience pain. You may notice your infant is more irritable, cries more often and pulls their legs up to their belly. […] A communicating hydrocele should not cause any harm to the testicle, but it can enlarge over time to develop into a hernia. When there is a bulge in the groin, that can mean stomach contents like the intestines are sliding into the passage. […] Call your doctor right away if your child has any of the following: progressively worsening swelling in the scrotum or groin after two to three days.

• #1 Hydrocele – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559125/

  Congenital hydroceles tend to resolve spontaneously by the end of the first year of life. If persistent, they can be corrected surgically with a high success rate and a good long-term prognosis. In experienced hands, hydrocele repair carries a very low risk of testicular damage or recurrence. […] The prognosis of the adult-onset hydrocele is mainly dependent on the underlying cause. For instance, filarial hydrocele’s prognosis depends on its size and the severity of lymphatic obstruction.

• #1 Hydrocele | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/hydrocele

  A hydrocele is produced by fluid in the sac which normally surrounds the testicle. It often presents as painless swelling in the scrotum (the pouch that holds the testicle). […] Hydroceles that occur in boys during puberty (or pubertal development) are adult-type hydroceles. These typically have no channel connecting the abdomen to the scrotum, but simply represent overproduction of fluid by tissue surrounding the testicle. If they become large, surgical correction may be necessary. It is important that this type of hydrocele be evaluated, as it may occasionally be an early sign of testicular tumor. […] This type of hydrocele is often found in newborns and these often resolve or go away over time. It may take up to one year for this to happen, but as long as the swelling is decreasing, it can be safely observed.

• #1 Hydrocele: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/hydrocele

  Typowo, najczęstszym i czasami jedynym objawem hydrocele jest bezbolesne powiększenie moszny. Jeśli hydrocele staje się większe, osoba może odczuwać ciężkość i dyskomfort. Czasami ból może być związany ze zwiększonym obrzękiem. […] Jeśli hydrocele nie ustępuje, możliwe jest, że mogą wystąpić inne problemy zdrowotne. Jeśli otwór w worku jest wystarczająco duży, możliwe jest wystąpienie przepukliny pachwinowej. Przepukliny pachwinowe są niezwykle bolesne i mogą wymagać operacji. […] Większość hydroceli ustępuje samoistnie. U niemowląt zazwyczaj ustępuje w ciągu około roku. U dorosłych, którzy doznali urazu lub mają stan zapalny, lub mieli infekcję, która została wyleczona, hydrocele mogą ustąpić samoistnie. Jeśli hydrocele nie ustępuje lub staje się większe, może być konieczna operacja, aby zapobiec dalszym powikłaniom.

• #1 Hydrocele – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559125/

  The majority of patients with hydrocele present with the complaint of painless scrotal swelling rendering the testes impalpable with positive transillumination and fluctuation. […] The primary hydrocele is predominant in middle and later life. A common predisposing factor for hydrocele is residing in a warm climate. As it is painless, it acquires a prodigious size before the patient seeks medical attention. In contrast, the secondary hydrocele is generally smaller, with the exception of filarial hydrocele. […] Congenital hydrocele tends to be intermittent as it usually reduces when lying flat due to drainage of hydrocele fluid into the peritoneum. However, applying pressure on the congenital hydrocele does not reduce it. […] The prognosis of the congenital hydrocele is excellent, while that of the adult-onset hydrocele depends on the underlying cause.

• #1 Hydrocele: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000518.htm

  A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum. […] The main symptom is a painless, round-oval shaped swollen scrotum, which feels like a water balloon. A hydrocele may occur on one or both sides. However, the right side is more commonly involved. […] Simple hydroceles in children often go away without surgery. In adults, hydroceles usually do not go away on their own. If surgery is needed, it is an easy procedure with very good outcomes. After surgery, a hydrocele can sometimes reoccur.

• #1 Chronic Hydrocele Symptoms – Prof. Dr. Mustafa Sofikerim

  https://mustafasofikerim.com.tr/en/chronic-hydrocele-symptoms/

  Chronic hydrocele is a condition that normally causes fluid to accumulate inside the scrotum. It is usually painless and harmless, but it may cause some symptoms. The most obvious symptom is swelling of the scrotum. The scrotum appears larger and swollen than normal. Due to swelling of the scrotum, some men may experience a feeling of heaviness or discomfort. This condition is usually painless, but may cause discomfort depending on the size of the scrotum. […] The scrotum may expand further over time. This can affect daily life, such as sexual activity or clothing choice. […] It may cause the scrotum to swell while standing or sitting later in the day. This swelling may be less noticeable in the morning. It is usually painless and does not cause any serious health problems. Sudden swelling of the scrotum may indicate another problem.

• #1 Hydrocele: Practice Essentials, Background, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/438724-overview

  Hydroceles typically manifest as a soft nontender fullness within the hemiscrotum that occur over a variable period of time. If communicating, the hydrocele will increase in size with increased intra-abdominal pressure and decrease in size when the patient is lying supine. The testis is generally palpable along the posterior aspect of the fluid collection. When the scrotum is investigated with a focused beam of light, the scrotum transilluminates, revealing a homogeneous glow without internal shadows. […] Symptoms, primarily size and discomfort, are typically the reasons that patients seek medical attention. […] In a review of data from 355 pediatric patients with hydroceles, Acer-Demir et al reported high rates of spontaneous resolution, with virtually all children older than 1 year of age who did not undergo surgery showing spontaneous resolution within 1 year. These authors recommend monitoring congenital hydroceles until at least 1 year and preferably 2 years of age, unless strong evidence of hydrocele-induced testicular damage arises, and recommend monitoring noncongenital hydroceles for at least 6 months and preferably 1 year if the patient has no associated pathology indicating the need for earlier surgery.

• #1 What Are the Symptoms of a Hydrocele? | Advanced Urology

  https://www.advancedurology.com/blog/what-are-symptoms-of-hydrocele

  Common in toddlers and less common in male adults, hydroceles sometimes dont even need treatment, but increased swelling or pain needs to be carefully watched. […] The main symptoms are swelling of one or both testicles as well as pain, discomfort or heaviness in the scrotum. This swelling is often painless, but generally as the inflammation increases, so too does the pain level. Again, while not typically painful, the swelling can become large enough to cause discomfort and impede natural movement. […] However, if the swelling begins to grow it may require surgery.

• #1 Hydrocele – Symptoms

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/hydrocele-symptoms.htm

  The main symptom of hydrocele is a painless enlargement of the scrotum on one or both sides. […] In the early stages hydroceles are usually asymptomatic. As they enlarge they bulge out and can become a cosmetic problem. […] Symptoms can develop, as the swelling increases in size, which include: Heaviness, fullness, or dragging sensations due to an enlarged scrotum. […] There may be mild discomfort radiating along the inguinal area to the mid portion of the back. […] If pain develops in a Hydrocele it is usually an indication of acute epididymal infection. […] The size may decrease with recumbency or increase in the upright position. […] Fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting indicate an infection of a hydrocele.

• #1 Hydrocele in Adults: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/mens-health/scrotal-lumps-pain-and-swelling/hydrocele-in-adults

  A hydrocele feels like a small fluid-filled balloon inside your scrotum. It feels smooth and is mainly in front of one of the testicles. […] Hydroceles vary greatly in size. Very large hydroceles are sometimes seen in elderly men but these have often grown slowly over many years. […] Hydroceles are normally painless. Large hydroceles may cause discomfort because of their size. Walking or sexual activity may become uncomfortable with a very large hydrocele.

• #1 Symptoms of testicular hydrocele

  https://www.operarme.com/blog/symptoms-of-testicular-hydrocele/

  Testicular hydrocele has a very non-specific symptomatology in most cases. The usual starting point for a patient suffering from testicular hydrocele is that he/she visits a urologist or primary care physician because of the presence of a mass or enlargement of one of his/her testicles in comparison with the contralateral testicle. […] Therefore, we can say that the symptoms of testicular hydrocele are generally unremarkable. The quintessential symptom is the appearance of an increase in the size of one testicle compared to the other. […] Pain as a symptom of testicular hydrocele usually occurs in less than 10% of testicular hydroceles. It is usually associated with the presence of a large collection of fluid within the scrotal sac. Pain usually appears as a symptom of testicular hydrocele with hydroceles larger than 600cc and is closely related to the weight that the scrotal sac and each of its layers must support, especially in certain postures such as standing upright.

• #1 Hydrocele testis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocele_testis

  A hydrocele testis causes a painless enlargement in the scrotum on the affected side and is thought to be due to the defective absorption of fluid secreted between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis (investing membrane). […] A hydrocele testis feels like a small fluid-filled balloon inside the scrotum. It is smooth and is mainly in front of the testis. Hydrocele testes vary greatly in size and are typically painless and harmless. However, as the fluid continues to accumulate and the scrotum further enlarges, more discomfort can be expected. Large hydroceles will cause discomfort because of their size. […] Sometimes pain can be in both testicles as pressure from the enlarged area puts pressure against the unaffected area which can cause discomfort to the normal testicle. It has also been found to decrease a man’s sex drive and make him less active for fear of enlarging the mass. […] If the hydrocele is not surgically removed, it may continue to grow.

• #1 Hydrocele of the testicle – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/hydrocele-of-the-testicle/

  An acute hydrocele can occur as a special form: This is typically characterized by acute swelling with a sudden onset of severe pain. […] If the hydrocele is already present in a newborn baby, it usually disappears on its own. However, it is not uncommon for the little boy to suffer a hernia in connection with this. This in turn can cause complications, for example because it pinches off the intestines. In severe cases, a quick operation is then necessary. […] The hydrocele of the testicle is benign and has a positive prognosis. In most cases, the primary (congenital) form regresses on its own without treatment. In the case of the secondary (acquired) form, it is usually sufficient to treat the actual cause. […] If the symptoms persist for a longer period of time, surgery can help. She also has a good prognosis. Sometimes the hydrocele reappears afterwards.

• #1 Hydrocele – MidLantic Urology LLC

  https://midlanticurology.com/conditions/hydrocele/

  You may experience the following symptoms: […] Bulge in the scrotum […] Lump in the testicle […] Pain or discomfort […] Scrotal or groin swelling […] If you experience severe pain, pain associated with nausea/vomiting, or an abnormal lie of the testicle you should go to the ER immediately as this can be a sign of testicular torsion. […] The fluid buildup of a hydrocele generally does not require treatment unless it becomes too large or bulky.

• #1 Hydrocele – Meaning, Symptoms, and Causes

  https://www.hexahealth.com/condition/hydrocele

  Hydrocele is a condition that occurs when fluid accumulates in the scrotum, causing swelling and discomfort. Hydrocele causes can vary depending on the age of the individual or the condition because of which hydrocele occurs. […] Hydroceles do not cause any pain, and the only symptom is a swollen scrotum. If the hydrocele gets enlarged again, surgery to remove the hydrocele (hydrocelectomy) is recommended by doctors. […] Untreated hydrocele can cause infection of the fluid and testicular atrophy (shrinking of testicles). A large hydrocele may disrupt testicular blood flow leading to testicular atrophy and subsequent impairment in the male reproductive tract.

• #1 Hydrocele: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Complications

  https://www.carehospitals.com/diseases-conditions/hydrocele

  Patients experiencing a hydrocele typically notice a gradual enlargement of their scrotum. The primary characteristic is a distinctive swelling that usually appears on one side of the scrotum, though it can sometimes affect both sides. […] A notable feature of this condition is that the size of the swelling may fluctuate throughout the day. […] Patients may experience several hydrocele symptoms: A sensation of heaviness in the affected area, Occasional discomfort, particularly with larger swellings, Size changes during different times of the day, Physical activities such as walking may become uncomfortable, and in some cases, intimate activities might be affected. […] Untreated hydrocele can lead to several complications affecting reproductive health. The condition may cause increased scrotal temperature, potentially reducing sperm quality by up to 40% for each degree rise in temperature. Large hydroceles can also lead to testicular atrophy, blood flow obstruction, risk of infection, and potential fertility issues.

• #1 Hydrocele: Causes, Types, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hydrocele

  Hydroceles usually dont cause any pain. Usually, the most common symptom is a swollen scrotum. However, depending on the severity of the swelling, pain or discomfort may also occur. […] In adults, there may be a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. In some cases, the swelling might be worse in the morning than in the evening. It is not usually very painful. For noncommunicating hydroceles, the size usually stays the same or grows very slowly. […] Also, with a communicating hydrocele, theres the potential for other conditions to also develop. For example, with a communicating hydrocele, the sac doesnt fully close. In most cases, this means that fluid can travel in and out of the sac. But depending on the size of the remaining opening, its possible for a hernia to also develop. […] If scrotal swelling occurs, see your doctor to rule out other causes like testicular cancer.

• #1 Hydrocele (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hydrocele.html

  A boy with a hydrocele has a bulge in the groin or scrotum. You may or may not be able to see the bulge, but you or a doctor can feel it. […] Hydroceles can temporarily change size when a baby cries or changes position. […] Hydroceles in babies usually go away on their own by the time a child is 12 years old. If the hydrocele doesn’t go away or if it happens with another condition (like a hernia), surgery may be needed. […] Hydroceles rarely affect a male’s ability to have children later in life.

• #1

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/urology/hydroceles

  A hydrocele is fluid buildup in the sac around the testicle, known as the scrotum. This fluid causes the testicles to swell in men or those assigned male at birth. Hydroceles are more common in babies and infants but can develop at any age. […] Typically, hydroceles are not painful and don’t pose a serious risk. Hydroceles often disappear on their own in infants within the first year of life. […] In older individuals, hydroceles might persist and require medical attention, including surgery. They may also be an early sign of testicular cancer or indicate a testicular cyst. In rare cases, hydroceles can cause an inguinal hernia, which can become life threatening. […] The most common symptom is scrotal swelling on one or both sides. Other symptoms include discomfort in the groin area when sitting, pain in the scrotum, and swelling that changes in size throughout the day.

• #1 Symptoms of testicular hydrocele

  https://www.operarme.com/blog/symptoms-of-testicular-hydrocele/

  The occurrence of infections as symptoms of testicular hydrocele is not the most common occurrence. On the contrary, in most cases in which a relationship between inflammation or infection and testicular hydrocele is documented, the infectious and inflammatory process usually occurs first and, as a consequence of alterations in the structure of the testicular parenchyma, the tissues become unstructured and the outflow of the serous fluid that naturally occurs in the testicle is blocked, resulting in the formation of a testicular hydrocele. […] Recent scientific studies have shown that at least 10% of hydroceles are often associated with testicular cancer as a symptom of the cancer. This association has to do with the formation of cancerous tissue itself and its extension inside the testicle or some of its parts. Therefore, the most rigorous differential diagnosis by the doctor or specialist should always rule out the presence of possible tumour involvement by the testicle.

• #1 Hydrocele – Family Health Associates

  https://fhahermiston.com/patient-education/healthwise?DOCHWID=tv7710spec

  A hydrocele is a painless buildup of watery fluid around one or both testicles that causes the scrotum or groin area to swell. This swelling may be unsightly and uncomfortable, but it usually is not painful and generally is not dangerous. […] Often a hydrocele does not cause symptoms. You may notice enlargement of your scrotum. Symptoms, when present, can include pain, swelling, or redness of the scrotum or a feeling of pressure at the base of the penis. […] Hydroceles are not usually dangerous and are treated only when they cause pain or embarrassment or when they decrease the blood supply to the penis (rare). Treatment is not usually needed if a hydrocele does not change in size or gets smaller as the body reabsorbs the fluid. Hydroceles in men younger than 65 may go away by themselves. But hydroceles in older men do not usually go away. […] If the hydrocele gets larger or causes discomfort, surgery to remove the hydrocele (hydrocelectomy) may be needed.

• #1

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/hydrocele

  Get help right away if you or your child has sudden, terrible pain or swelling in the scrotum. It’s extra important to get prompt treatment if the pain or swelling starts within a few hours of an injury to the scrotum. These symptoms can happen with certain health problems, including blocked blood flow in a twisted testicle. This problem is called testicular torsion. It needs to be treated within hours of the symptoms starting to save the testicle.

• #1

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/hydrocele

  A hydrocele often isn’t painful or harmful. It might not need any treatment. But it’s important to see a health care provider if the scrotum looks swollen. […] Often the only sign of a hydrocele is a painless swelling of one or both testicles. […] The swelling might make an adult’s scrotum feel heavy. In general, pain gets worse as the swelling increases. Sometimes, the swollen area might be smaller in the morning and larger later in the day. […] See your health care provider if you or your child has swelling of the scrotum. It’s important to find out if there are other causes of the swelling that could be treated. […] A baby’s hydrocele often goes away on its own. But if your baby still has a hydrocele after a year or if the swelling gets worse, ask your child’s health care provider to check the hydrocele again.

• #2 Hydrocele: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000518.htm

  A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum. […] The main symptom is a painless, round-oval shaped swollen scrotum, which feels like a water balloon. A hydrocele may occur on one or both sides. However, the right side is more commonly involved. […] Simple hydroceles in children often go away without surgery. In adults, hydroceles usually do not go away on their own. If surgery is needed, it is an easy procedure with very good outcomes. After surgery, a hydrocele can sometimes reoccur.

• #2 Hydrocele – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/1104

  A hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid between the layers of the membrane (tunica vaginalis) that surrounds the testis or along the spermatic cord. Rarely, similar fluid collection can occur in females along the canal of Nuck. […] Common in male infants and the newborn. Most pediatric hydroceles are congenital and, in the majority of cases, resolve within the first year of life. […] May occur in adult men where they are found secondary to minor trauma, infection, testicular torsion, epididymitis, varicocele operation, or testicular tumor. […] The main symptom is a painless, swollen scrotum on 1 or both sides, which feels like a water-filled balloon. […] Treatment depends on the age of the patient and the degree of discomfort caused by the hydrocele. Surgery will only be performed if the hydrocele is causing problems or there is evidence of underlying pathology.

• #2 Hydrocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16294-hydrocele

  A hydrocele is when abdominal fluid fills a sac in your scrotum, causing it to swell. The main symptom is swelling, which may cause discomfort or pain. […] The main symptom of a hydrocele is swelling on one or both sides of your scrotum that may feel like a water balloon. You might notice other symptoms in your scrotum, like: Swelling that changes in size during the day. Discomfort. Pain. A feeling of heaviness. […] Hydroceles can be alarming because they cause swelling in a sensitive part of your body and can happen suddenly. In some instances, hydroceles can be bothersome depending on their size. A large hydrocele may cause discomfort while sitting or walking. However, in many people, a hydrocele isn’t serious, bothersome or painful. […] Most hydroceles go away on their own without treatment. But if a hydrocele doesn’t resolve on its own, a healthcare provider may recommend a hydrocelectomy. During a hydrocelectomy, a surgeon will remove the hydrocele. If you have a communicating hydrocele, they’ll close the opening between your processus vaginalis and scrotum. […] The outlook for a hydrocele is generally very good. Most cases resolve on their own, and cases that require surgery have a high success rate.

• #2 Hydrocele- Symptoms, Causes, Risk factors, Types and Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact N

  https://www.pacehospital.com/hydrocele-symptoms-causes-types-treatment

  Hydrocele symptoms may include: Enlarged scrotum usually painless, Sensation of heaviness, Fullness or dragging, Mild discomfort in the inguinal area which can also radiate to the back, Pain (in case of epididymal infection). […] The majority of hydroceles are asymptomatic or subclinical. Even though it is usually painless and not a major health issue, identifying its signs is essential for prompt diagnosis and treatment in order to assist people in recognizing possible symptoms and obtaining the necessary medical guidance. […] Chronically developed hydroceles appear to be larger than acutely developed ones.

• #2 Hydrocele (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hydrocele.html

  A boy with a hydrocele has a bulge in the groin or scrotum. You may or may not be able to see the bulge, but you or a doctor can feel it. […] Hydroceles can temporarily change size when a baby cries or changes position. […] Hydroceles in babies usually go away on their own by the time a child is 12 years old. If the hydrocele doesn’t go away or if it happens with another condition (like a hernia), surgery may be needed. […] Hydroceles rarely affect a male’s ability to have children later in life.

• #2 Hydrocele – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559125/

  The majority of patients with hydrocele present with the complaint of painless scrotal swelling rendering the testes impalpable with positive transillumination and fluctuation. […] The primary hydrocele is predominant in middle and later life. A common predisposing factor for hydrocele is residing in a warm climate. As it is painless, it acquires a prodigious size before the patient seeks medical attention. In contrast, the secondary hydrocele is generally smaller, with the exception of filarial hydrocele. […] Congenital hydrocele tends to be intermittent as it usually reduces when lying flat due to drainage of hydrocele fluid into the peritoneum. However, applying pressure on the congenital hydrocele does not reduce it. […] The prognosis of the congenital hydrocele is excellent, while that of the adult-onset hydrocele depends on the underlying cause.

• #2 Hydrocele Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.drelist.com/blog/hydrocele-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  Hydroceles generally do not produce any symptom. When large, they just appear unsightly. However, very large hydroceles may produce a dragging sensation and a dull aching pain in the scrotal region. […] In case hydrocele is formed post inflammation of the testes or the epididymis, there may be pain and redness in the scrotal region.

• #2 Hydrocele: Causes, Types, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hydrocele

  Hydroceles usually dont cause any pain. Usually, the most common symptom is a swollen scrotum. However, depending on the severity of the swelling, pain or discomfort may also occur. […] In adults, there may be a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum. In some cases, the swelling might be worse in the morning than in the evening. It is not usually very painful. For noncommunicating hydroceles, the size usually stays the same or grows very slowly. […] Also, with a communicating hydrocele, theres the potential for other conditions to also develop. For example, with a communicating hydrocele, the sac doesnt fully close. In most cases, this means that fluid can travel in and out of the sac. But depending on the size of the remaining opening, its possible for a hernia to also develop. […] If scrotal swelling occurs, see your doctor to rule out other causes like testicular cancer.

• #2 Chronic Hydrocele Symptoms – Prof. Dr. Mustafa Sofikerim

  https://mustafasofikerim.com.tr/en/chronic-hydrocele-symptoms/

  Chronic hydrocele is a condition that normally causes fluid to accumulate inside the scrotum. It is usually painless and harmless, but it may cause some symptoms. The most obvious symptom is swelling of the scrotum. The scrotum appears larger and swollen than normal. Due to swelling of the scrotum, some men may experience a feeling of heaviness or discomfort. This condition is usually painless, but may cause discomfort depending on the size of the scrotum. […] The scrotum may expand further over time. This can affect daily life, such as sexual activity or clothing choice. […] It may cause the scrotum to swell while standing or sitting later in the day. This swelling may be less noticeable in the morning. It is usually painless and does not cause any serious health problems. Sudden swelling of the scrotum may indicate another problem.

• #2 Hydrocele testis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocele_testis

  A hydrocele testis causes a painless enlargement in the scrotum on the affected side and is thought to be due to the defective absorption of fluid secreted between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis (investing membrane). […] A hydrocele testis feels like a small fluid-filled balloon inside the scrotum. It is smooth and is mainly in front of the testis. Hydrocele testes vary greatly in size and are typically painless and harmless. However, as the fluid continues to accumulate and the scrotum further enlarges, more discomfort can be expected. Large hydroceles will cause discomfort because of their size. […] Sometimes pain can be in both testicles as pressure from the enlarged area puts pressure against the unaffected area which can cause discomfort to the normal testicle. It has also been found to decrease a man’s sex drive and make him less active for fear of enlarging the mass. […] If the hydrocele is not surgically removed, it may continue to grow.

• #2 Hydrocele: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Complications

  https://www.carehospitals.com/diseases-conditions/hydrocele

  Patients experiencing a hydrocele typically notice a gradual enlargement of their scrotum. The primary characteristic is a distinctive swelling that usually appears on one side of the scrotum, though it can sometimes affect both sides. […] A notable feature of this condition is that the size of the swelling may fluctuate throughout the day. […] Patients may experience several hydrocele symptoms: A sensation of heaviness in the affected area, Occasional discomfort, particularly with larger swellings, Size changes during different times of the day, Physical activities such as walking may become uncomfortable, and in some cases, intimate activities might be affected. […] Untreated hydrocele can lead to several complications affecting reproductive health. The condition may cause increased scrotal temperature, potentially reducing sperm quality by up to 40% for each degree rise in temperature. Large hydroceles can also lead to testicular atrophy, blood flow obstruction, risk of infection, and potential fertility issues.

• #2 Hydrocele – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/hydrocele/

  Often, the only symptom is swelling of the scrotum. Your childs scrotum may change size over the course of the day. Hydroceles rarely cause pain. In older boys, swelling may cause discomfort. […] It is important to find out if a hydrocele or something else is causing the swelling, especially if the scrotum has been injured. Take your son to the doctor right away if he has sudden, severe pain and swelling in his scrotum. A twisted testicle (testicular torsion) and some types of inguinal hernia need treatment right away. […] Noncommunicating hydroceles usually go away on their own. Doctors suggest surgery only if the hydrocele is still present when your child turns 1. […] Most of the time, communicating hydroceles are fixed with surgery because they can lead to hernias. Doctors will often suggest surgery soon after they diagnose a hydrocele.

• #2

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/hydrocele

  Get help right away if you or your child has sudden, terrible pain or swelling in the scrotum. It’s extra important to get prompt treatment if the pain or swelling starts within a few hours of an injury to the scrotum. These symptoms can happen with certain health problems, including blocked blood flow in a twisted testicle. This problem is called testicular torsion. It needs to be treated within hours of the symptoms starting to save the testicle.

• #2 Hydrocele | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/hydrocele

  A hydrocele is produced by fluid in the sac which normally surrounds the testicle. It often presents as painless swelling in the scrotum (the pouch that holds the testicle). […] Hydroceles that occur in boys during puberty (or pubertal development) are adult-type hydroceles. These typically have no channel connecting the abdomen to the scrotum, but simply represent overproduction of fluid by tissue surrounding the testicle. If they become large, surgical correction may be necessary. It is important that this type of hydrocele be evaluated, as it may occasionally be an early sign of testicular tumor. […] This type of hydrocele is often found in newborns and these often resolve or go away over time. It may take up to one year for this to happen, but as long as the swelling is decreasing, it can be safely observed.

• #2 Hydrocele of the testicle – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/hydrocele-of-the-testicle/

  If you suffer from a hydrocele, this is usually indicated by a swollen testicle on one side. The swelling can vary in severity depending on where the hernia forms and how much fluid accumulates. […] A hydrocele usually causes hardly any symptoms. However, if your testicles swell considerably, you may feel pain, a feeling of pressure or heaviness. In some cases, the testicular hernia resolves on its own and treatment is then not necessary. However, if the swelling is very large and interferes with everyday life, it may be necessary to operate on it. […] A typical symptom of a testicular hernia (lat. = testis) is the unilateral or sometimes bilateral swelling of the scrotum. As a rule, it develops slowly and is not painful. It does not cause any symptoms in the early stages. It becomes very large, you feel pressure and heaviness, pain may occur, the swelling restricts your mobility, e.g. when walking.

• #2 Hydrocele – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1104

  A hydrocele is a collection of serous fluid between the layers of the membrane (tunica vaginalis) that surrounds the testis or along the spermatic cord. Rarely, similar fluid collection can occur in females along the canal of Nuck. […] Common in male infants and the newborn. Most paediatric hydroceles are congenital and, in the majority of cases, resolve within the first year of life. […] May occur in adult men where they are found secondary to minor trauma, infection, testicular torsion, epididymitis, varicocele operation, or testicular tumour. […] The main symptom is a painless, swollen scrotum on 1 or both sides, which feels like a water-filled balloon. […] Treatment depends on the age of the patient and the degree of discomfort caused by the hydrocele. Surgery will only be performed if the hydrocele is causing problems or there is evidence of underlying pathology.

• #2 Hydrocele – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559125/

  Congenital hydroceles tend to resolve spontaneously by the end of the first year of life. If persistent, they can be corrected surgically with a high success rate and a good long-term prognosis. In experienced hands, hydrocele repair carries a very low risk of testicular damage or recurrence. […] The prognosis of the adult-onset hydrocele is mainly dependent on the underlying cause. For instance, filarial hydrocele’s prognosis depends on its size and the severity of lymphatic obstruction.

• #2 Hydrocele – Meaning, Symptoms, and Causes

  https://www.hexahealth.com/condition/hydrocele

  Hydrocele is a condition that occurs when fluid accumulates in the scrotum, causing swelling and discomfort. Hydrocele causes can vary depending on the age of the individual or the condition because of which hydrocele occurs. […] Hydroceles do not cause any pain, and the only symptom is a swollen scrotum. If the hydrocele gets enlarged again, surgery to remove the hydrocele (hydrocelectomy) is recommended by doctors. […] Untreated hydrocele can cause infection of the fluid and testicular atrophy (shrinking of testicles). A large hydrocele may disrupt testicular blood flow leading to testicular atrophy and subsequent impairment in the male reproductive tract.

• #2 What Is a Hydrocele? – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.invitra.com/en/hydrocele/

  Therefore, hydrocele could indirectly hinder pregnancy and, in these cases, the option of surgery should be considered. […] In most cases the hydrocele is presented as an inflammation of the testicle, not painful or causing mild discomfort. In itself, it is not a cause of sterility but certain cases, such as those caused by an infection, can reduce the reproductive capacity. […] By itself, hydrocele should not have a major impact on male fertility. However, a variation in testicular temperature may occur, which could affect sperm production. […] Hydrocele is a benign process and no complications are generally associated with it. However, on rare occasions, testicular ischemia may occur. This is a deficit in the blood supply to the testicle, which would lead to impair its function.

• #2

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Communicating-Hydrocele.aspx

  Hydroceles usually present as a bulge in the scrotum. The hydrocele may change size throughout the day, getting worse with crying or straining and then get better at night when your child is lying down. The size of the hydrocele may also change over weeks, getting smaller or larger. […] Hydroceles are usually not painful. If your child is having lots of sudden pain in the scrotum or groin and scrotal swelling, it is possible that the testicle has twisted on itself (called testicular torsion) or a piece of intestine is stuck in the groin. […] Many hydroceles will resolve on their own. If they have not gone away by one year of age, then your child may need surgery. […] In less than 1% of patients, a hydrocele can recur. These may go away on their own, but if they do not, your child may need to see the surgeon again.

• #2 Symptoms of testicular hydrocele

  https://www.operarme.com/blog/symptoms-of-testicular-hydrocele/

  The occurrence of infections as symptoms of testicular hydrocele is not the most common occurrence. On the contrary, in most cases in which a relationship between inflammation or infection and testicular hydrocele is documented, the infectious and inflammatory process usually occurs first and, as a consequence of alterations in the structure of the testicular parenchyma, the tissues become unstructured and the outflow of the serous fluid that naturally occurs in the testicle is blocked, resulting in the formation of a testicular hydrocele. […] Recent scientific studies have shown that at least 10% of hydroceles are often associated with testicular cancer as a symptom of the cancer. This association has to do with the formation of cancerous tissue itself and its extension inside the testicle or some of its parts. Therefore, the most rigorous differential diagnosis by the doctor or specialist should always rule out the presence of possible tumour involvement by the testicle.

• #2 What is a Hydrocele?

  https://www.greaterbostonurology.com/blog/what-is-a-hydrocele

  Classically, pediatric hydroceles change in size. They are usually smaller in the morning after sleep and larger in the afternoon with activity. […] In adults, the person usually sees an increase in the size of the scrotal sac. The swelling doesn’t cause pain. The scrotal sac can feel somewhat „squishy” instead of something solid and hard. […] In young adults, it is always possible that the scrotal swelling might be testicular cancer, particularly if the swelling is rapidly changing and feels heavy and hard. You should always see a urologist with any changes to your genitals, especially if you’re a young male who notices changes to the scrotal sac. Testicular cancer is very treatable when caught early. It’s also crucial for all males to perform regular self-checks of their testicles. […] Hydrocele is a benign condition in adults with a relatively high recurrence rate. I usually recommend only intervening if it starts to affect your activities of daily living (ADL), such as having to „adjust things” while sitting or crossing your legs. […] Again, in children, it should be repaired, but in adults, as it is a benign condition with a relatively high recurrence rate of at least 20%, I will recommend patience and only intervening if it is affecting activities of daily life.

• #2

  https://www.childrensaterlanger.org/conditions/hydrocele

  A hydrocele is a buildup of fluid around one or both testicles, causing the scrotum or groin area to swell. Usually, this swelling is present at birth. However, it may develop after injury or infection. […] Hydrocele symptoms involve a swollen scrotum that usually does not cause pain or discomfort. Hydroceles dont usually harm the testicles or cause problems later in life. However, when the hydrocele grows large and causes discomfort or does not resolve on its own, hydrocele surgery is needed. […] Hydroceles are common among newborn boys, and in most cases, resolve on their own within the first 6-12 months. More severe cases may need hydrocele treatment, which involves a simple operation during the first year of life.

• #2

  https://www.kuh.ku.edu.tr/mayo-clinic-care-network/mayo-clinic-health-information-library/diseases-conditions/hydrocele

  A hydrocele often isn’t painful or harmful. It might not need any treatment. But it’s important to see a health care provider if the scrotum looks swollen. […] Often the only sign of a hydrocele is a painless swelling of one or both testicles. […] The swelling might make an adult’s scrotum feel heavy. In general, pain gets worse as the swelling increases. Sometimes, the swollen area might be smaller in the morning and larger later in the day. […] See your health care provider if you or your child has swelling of the scrotum. It’s important to find out if there are other causes of the swelling that could be treated. […] A baby’s hydrocele often goes away on its own. But if your baby still has a hydrocele after a year or if the swelling gets worse, ask your child’s health care provider to check the hydrocele again.

• #2 Hydrocele and Hernia | Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/h/hydrocele

  A hydrocele is a collection of fluid in the scrotum around the testicle. […] When a hydrocele is present, a nontender mass or bulge is seen in the groin or scrotum. A communicating hydrocele or hernia will change in size, becoming larger when a baby is crying, or if older, when the child is walking. The bulge will be smaller in size when the child is sleeping or quiet. A hydrocele or hernia is usually not painful. But, some infants do experience pain. You may notice your infant is more irritable, cries more often and pulls their legs up to their belly. […] A communicating hydrocele should not cause any harm to the testicle, but it can enlarge over time to develop into a hernia. When there is a bulge in the groin, that can mean stomach contents like the intestines are sliding into the passage. […] Call your doctor right away if your child has any of the following: progressively worsening swelling in the scrotum or groin after two to three days.

• #2

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/urology/hydroceles

  A hydrocele will go away on its own and not require any treatment in most cases. If it doesn’t go away on its own, your hydrocele may require same-day surgery to drain the fluid buildup in the scrotum. […] Even if you aren’t in pain or have any discomfort, it’s a good idea to have your provider check a hydrocele because it can lead to serious complications, such as a testicular cyst, tumor or inguinal hernia.

• #2 Hydrocele – Symptoms, Diagnosis and Laser Surgery | Chennai Laser Gastro

  https://www.chennailasergastro.com/hydrocele-symptoms-diagnosis-laser-surgery/

  Hydroceles usually do not cause pain. The only indication of a hydrocele is a painless swelling of one or both testicles. Adult men may feel heaviness in the scrotum. In some cases, the swelling might be worse in the morning than in the evening. […] Seek immediate medical attention if sudden, severe scrotal pain or swelling develops especially within several hours of an injury to the scrotum. The signs and symptoms can occur with a number of conditions like blocked blood flow in a twisted testicle. This condition known as Testicular torsion must be treated within hours of the onset of signs and symptoms to save the testicle.

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