Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cutaneous cysts and pseudocysts

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-cysts-and-pseudocysts

  Cysts are very common, affecting at least 20% of adults. […] Epidermoid cysts are due to the proliferation of epidermal cells within the dermis. Their origin is the follicular infundibulum. […] Most epidermoid cysts arise in adult life. […] They are more than twice as common in men as in women. […] Epidermoid cysts occur on face, neck, trunk or anywhere where there is little hair. […] A central pore or punctum may be present. […] Keratinous contents are soft, cheese-like and malodorous. […] An epidermoid cyst is also called a follicular infundibular cyst, epidermal cyst, and keratin cyst. […] Comedones are pseudocysts formed by occlusion of the follicle by keratin and sebum. […] The open comedo (blackhead) and closed comedo (whitehead) are small, superficial papules typical of acne vulgaris. […] Large uninflamed pseudocysts accompany inflammatory nodules in nodulocystic acne and hidradenitis suppurativa. […] Cysts generally persist unless surgically removed.

• #2 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/

  Epidermoid cysts are the most common cutaneous cysts and typically occur in the third and fourth decades of life. […] It is rare to find these cysts before puberty. […] They are predominantly found in males versus females (ratio 2:1). […] Approximately 1% of epidermoid cysts have been noted to have a malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

• #3 Pathology Outlines – Epidermoid / epidermal inclusion cyst

  https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skintumornonmelanocytickeratinouscystepidermal.html

  Epidemiology […] Most common cutaneous cyst (Int J Dermatol 2020;59:457) […] M:F = 2:1 (StatPearls: Epidermoid Cyst [Accessed 24 September 2024]) […] Adults 20 – 40 years old predominantly affected (StatPearls: Epidermoid Cyst [Accessed 24 September 2024])

• #4 Epidermoid Cyst: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1061582-overview

  Epidermoid cysts represent the most common cutaneous cysts. They may occur anywhere on the body but are most frequently seen on the face, scalp, neck, and trunk. […] In a study using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for the period from 2007 and 2016, epidermoid cysts were found to be the fifth most common skin diagnosis across all medical specialties in the United States. […] Epidermoid cysts may occur at any age; however, they most commonly arise in the third and fourth decades of life. Small epidermoid cysts known as milia are common in the neonatal period. Epidermoid cysts are approximately twice as common in men as in women. No racial predilection has been identified. Pigmentation of epidermoid cysts is common in individuals with dark skin. In a study of Indian patients with epidermoid cysts, 63% of the cysts contained melanin pigment.

• #5 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/

  Epidermoid cysts are the most common cutaneous cysts and typically occur in the third and fourth decades of life. […] It is rare to find these cysts before puberty. […] They are predominantly found in males versus females (ratio 2:1). […] Approximately 1% of epidermoid cysts have been noted to have a malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

• #6 Cyst, Sebaceous (Epidermal Cyst) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688493/3.2/Cyst__Sebaceous__Epidermal_Cyst_

  Most common cutaneous cyst. […] Predominant sex: male female (2:1). […] Predominant age: most common in 3rd to 4th decades. […] Rare before puberty. […] An estimated 1% of epidermoid cysts are found to have malignant transformation (2). […] Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common (70%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (10%).

• #7 Epidermal cyst on the scalp | CCID

  https://www.dovepress.com/epidermal-cyst-on-the-scalp-induced-by-forceps-injury-during-delivery–peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CCID

  The incidence of epidermal cysts is mostly in young and middle-aged people. […] In our study, the most affected age is 2029 years (26.69%, 1054/3949), and the mean age of diagnosis of males (36.5916.57) is statistically younger than that of females (38.8517.30). […] Epidermal cyst is usually solitary. […] Epidermal cysts can be located in any part of the body, and mainly on the face, torso, extremities and scalp. […] According to our case report and literature review, we considered trauma as one of the main causes of epidermoid cysts. […] The epidemiological data we provided proved that epidermoid cysts are prevalent in young and middle-aged people, with the face and trunk as the majority sites. […] There is no clear gender preference for the onset of the disease.

• #8 Epidermal cyst on the scalp | CCID

  https://www.dovepress.com/epidermal-cyst-on-the-scalp-induced-by-forceps-injury-during-delivery–peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CCID

  Epidermal cysts are common benign epithelial tumors. […] We conducted epidemiological analysis of 3949 patients with epidermal cysts to clarify the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of epidermal cysts. […] In our study, 3949 cases of epidermal cysts were included. […] The age of the patients was relatively large, ranging from 10 months to 93 years. […] The highest incidence in both groups was observed in the age group of 2029 years (26.69%, 1054/3949) followed by age groups of 3039 (21.80%, 861/3949) and 4049 (15.35%, 606/3949) years, respectively. […] The mean age of diagnosis of males (36.5916.57) was statistically earlier than that of females (38.8517.30, P0.001). […] The result showed that face (50.19%, 1405/2783) was the most common affected region in all age groups, followed by trunk (24.87%, 692/2783), neck (11.14%, 310/2783), limbs (6.83%, 190/2783), scalp (3.34%, 93/2783) and perineum (3.34%, 93/2783).

• #9 Epidermoid Cyst: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1061582-overview

  Epidermoid cysts represent the most common cutaneous cysts. They may occur anywhere on the body but are most frequently seen on the face, scalp, neck, and trunk. […] In a study using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for the period from 2007 and 2016, epidermoid cysts were found to be the fifth most common skin diagnosis across all medical specialties in the United States. […] Epidermoid cysts may occur at any age; however, they most commonly arise in the third and fourth decades of life. Small epidermoid cysts known as milia are common in the neonatal period. Epidermoid cysts are approximately twice as common in men as in women. No racial predilection has been identified. Pigmentation of epidermoid cysts is common in individuals with dark skin. In a study of Indian patients with epidermoid cysts, 63% of the cysts contained melanin pigment.

• #10 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/

  Epidermoid cysts are the most common cutaneous cysts and typically occur in the third and fourth decades of life. […] It is rare to find these cysts before puberty. […] They are predominantly found in males versus females (ratio 2:1). […] Approximately 1% of epidermoid cysts have been noted to have a malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

• #11 Cyst, Sebaceous (Epidermal Cyst) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688493/3.2/Cyst__Sebaceous__Epidermal_Cyst_

  Most common cutaneous cyst. […] Predominant sex: male female (2:1). […] Predominant age: most common in 3rd to 4th decades. […] Rare before puberty. […] An estimated 1% of epidermoid cysts are found to have malignant transformation (2). […] Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common (70%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (10%).

• #12 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/

  Epidermoid cysts are the most common cutaneous cysts and typically occur in the third and fourth decades of life. […] It is rare to find these cysts before puberty. […] They are predominantly found in males versus females (ratio 2:1). […] Approximately 1% of epidermoid cysts have been noted to have a malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

• #13 Cyst, Sebaceous (Epidermal Cyst) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688493/3.2/Cyst__Sebaceous__Epidermal_Cyst_

  Most common cutaneous cyst. […] Predominant sex: male female (2:1). […] Predominant age: most common in 3rd to 4th decades. […] Rare before puberty. […] An estimated 1% of epidermoid cysts are found to have malignant transformation (2). […] Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common (70%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (10%).

• #14 Cutaneous cysts and pseudocysts

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-cysts-and-pseudocysts

  Cysts are very common, affecting at least 20% of adults. […] Epidermoid cysts are due to the proliferation of epidermal cells within the dermis. Their origin is the follicular infundibulum. […] Most epidermoid cysts arise in adult life. […] They are more than twice as common in men as in women. […] Epidermoid cysts occur on face, neck, trunk or anywhere where there is little hair. […] A central pore or punctum may be present. […] Keratinous contents are soft, cheese-like and malodorous. […] An epidermoid cyst is also called a follicular infundibular cyst, epidermal cyst, and keratin cyst. […] Comedones are pseudocysts formed by occlusion of the follicle by keratin and sebum. […] The open comedo (blackhead) and closed comedo (whitehead) are small, superficial papules typical of acne vulgaris. […] Large uninflamed pseudocysts accompany inflammatory nodules in nodulocystic acne and hidradenitis suppurativa. […] Cysts generally persist unless surgically removed.

• #15 Epidermoid cyst: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/epidermoid-cyst

  Approximately 7% of epidermoid cysts develop in the head or neck area. […] According to DermNet, epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults. They are twice as common in males than in females, but the reasons for this are unclear. […] A 2018 literature review notes that rarely, epidermoid cysts can become malignant, or cancerous. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma can begin in an epidermoid cyst.

• #16 Epidermal cyst on the scalp | CCID

  https://www.dovepress.com/epidermal-cyst-on-the-scalp-induced-by-forceps-injury-during-delivery–peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CCID

  Epidermal cysts are common benign epithelial tumors. […] We conducted epidemiological analysis of 3949 patients with epidermal cysts to clarify the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of epidermal cysts. […] In our study, 3949 cases of epidermal cysts were included. […] The age of the patients was relatively large, ranging from 10 months to 93 years. […] The highest incidence in both groups was observed in the age group of 2029 years (26.69%, 1054/3949) followed by age groups of 3039 (21.80%, 861/3949) and 4049 (15.35%, 606/3949) years, respectively. […] The mean age of diagnosis of males (36.5916.57) was statistically earlier than that of females (38.8517.30, P0.001). […] The result showed that face (50.19%, 1405/2783) was the most common affected region in all age groups, followed by trunk (24.87%, 692/2783), neck (11.14%, 310/2783), limbs (6.83%, 190/2783), scalp (3.34%, 93/2783) and perineum (3.34%, 93/2783).

• #17 Epidermoid Cyst: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1061582-overview

  Epidermoid cysts represent the most common cutaneous cysts. They may occur anywhere on the body but are most frequently seen on the face, scalp, neck, and trunk. […] In a study using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for the period from 2007 and 2016, epidermoid cysts were found to be the fifth most common skin diagnosis across all medical specialties in the United States. […] Epidermoid cysts may occur at any age; however, they most commonly arise in the third and fourth decades of life. Small epidermoid cysts known as milia are common in the neonatal period. Epidermoid cysts are approximately twice as common in men as in women. No racial predilection has been identified. Pigmentation of epidermoid cysts is common in individuals with dark skin. In a study of Indian patients with epidermoid cysts, 63% of the cysts contained melanin pigment.

• #18 Epidermoid Cyst: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1061582-overview

  Epidermoid cysts represent the most common cutaneous cysts. They may occur anywhere on the body but are most frequently seen on the face, scalp, neck, and trunk. […] In a study using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for the period from 2007 and 2016, epidermoid cysts were found to be the fifth most common skin diagnosis across all medical specialties in the United States. […] Epidermoid cysts may occur at any age; however, they most commonly arise in the third and fourth decades of life. Small epidermoid cysts known as milia are common in the neonatal period. Epidermoid cysts are approximately twice as common in men as in women. No racial predilection has been identified. Pigmentation of epidermoid cysts is common in individuals with dark skin. In a study of Indian patients with epidermoid cysts, 63% of the cysts contained melanin pigment.

• #19 Cutaneous cysts and pseudocysts

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-cysts-and-pseudocysts

  Cysts are very common, affecting at least 20% of adults. […] Epidermoid cysts are due to the proliferation of epidermal cells within the dermis. Their origin is the follicular infundibulum. […] Most epidermoid cysts arise in adult life. […] They are more than twice as common in men as in women. […] Epidermoid cysts occur on face, neck, trunk or anywhere where there is little hair. […] A central pore or punctum may be present. […] Keratinous contents are soft, cheese-like and malodorous. […] An epidermoid cyst is also called a follicular infundibular cyst, epidermal cyst, and keratin cyst. […] Comedones are pseudocysts formed by occlusion of the follicle by keratin and sebum. […] The open comedo (blackhead) and closed comedo (whitehead) are small, superficial papules typical of acne vulgaris. […] Large uninflamed pseudocysts accompany inflammatory nodules in nodulocystic acne and hidradenitis suppurativa. […] Cysts generally persist unless surgically removed.

• #20 Cysts – epidermoid and pilar – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/epidermoid-and-pilar-cysts/

  Epidermoid and pilar cysts are common. You cannot pass them on to others, and they are not cancerous. […] Epidermoid cysts typically affect adults in the third and fourth decade of life. They can appear anywhere on the skin. Most commonly, they develop on the face, neck, chest, upper back and sometimes on the scrotum. […] Pilar cysts run strongly in some families. They may be passed down as an autosomal dominant trait this means that each child of an affected parent has 1 in 2 (50%) chance of inheriting the condition. […] Epidermoid and pilar cysts are harmless. Small cysts that give no trouble can safely be left alone. […] If removal is necessary, both types of cysts may require surgical removal under a local anaesthetic. The procedure is done by a trained surgical practitioner. Surgical removals do leave scars. […] To remove a cyst completely, the entire sac and its contents need to be taken out during a minor surgical procedure. This helps lower the risk of the cyst coming back.

• #21 Epidermal cyst on the scalp | CCID

  https://www.dovepress.com/epidermal-cyst-on-the-scalp-induced-by-forceps-injury-during-delivery–peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CCID

  Epidermal cysts are common benign epithelial tumors. […] We conducted epidemiological analysis of 3949 patients with epidermal cysts to clarify the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of epidermal cysts. […] In our study, 3949 cases of epidermal cysts were included. […] The age of the patients was relatively large, ranging from 10 months to 93 years. […] The highest incidence in both groups was observed in the age group of 2029 years (26.69%, 1054/3949) followed by age groups of 3039 (21.80%, 861/3949) and 4049 (15.35%, 606/3949) years, respectively. […] The mean age of diagnosis of males (36.5916.57) was statistically earlier than that of females (38.8517.30, P0.001). […] The result showed that face (50.19%, 1405/2783) was the most common affected region in all age groups, followed by trunk (24.87%, 692/2783), neck (11.14%, 310/2783), limbs (6.83%, 190/2783), scalp (3.34%, 93/2783) and perineum (3.34%, 93/2783).

• #22 Epidermoid cyst: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/epidermoid-cyst

  Approximately 7% of epidermoid cysts develop in the head or neck area. […] According to DermNet, epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults. They are twice as common in males than in females, but the reasons for this are unclear. […] A 2018 literature review notes that rarely, epidermoid cysts can become malignant, or cancerous. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma can begin in an epidermoid cyst.

• #23 KoreaMed Synapse

  https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1516080443

  Epidermoid cysts are common benign skin neoplasms derived from the pilosebaceous apparatus that usually develop in hair-bearing regions such as the head and neck. […] Epidermoid cysts in the extremities, especially the palmoplantar region, are rare. […] Complete excision is necessary to avoid relapse and to confirm the final diagnosis, especially in cases suspected of malignant transformation arising from epidermoid cysts. […] Among 249 patients, there were 10 (seven male and three female patients) who had epidermal cysts in the extremities (4.0%). […] Malignant transformation of epidermoid cysts is extremely rare (1%). […] The rapid growth of symptomatic epidermoid cysts with repeated recurrence may indicate malignant transformation. […] Complete removal of the mass, including the capsule, is important to prevent recurrence and histopathological confirmation.

• #24 Epidermoid and dermoid cysts of the head and neck region

  https://www.oaepublish.com/articles/2347-9264.2016.09

  Epidermoid cysts, dermoid cysts and teratoid cysts are cystic malformations lined with squamous epithelium. Their prevalence is 7% in head and neck patients and 1.6% within the oral cavity. […] Epidermoid cysts occur more frequently in patients between 15 and 35 years but can be seen in all age groups. These are slow growing asymptomatic masses but once they increase in size, they can cause dysphagia, dysphonia and dyspnea. […] The aim of this case series is to highlight the presentation of epidermoid and dermoid cysts as a differential diagnosis for head and neck masses, showing various clinical and radiological presentations as well as the surgical outcomes after their removal. […] In a study of 103 patients with diagnosis of epidermoid and dermoid cyst of the head and neck, 46.6% of these were orbital, 23.3% buccal and submental, 12.3% nasal, 10.7% cervical and 2.9% labial. […] Early diagnosis and removal of dermoid and epidermoid cysts are of great concern as it can cause serious social stigma, aesthetic and functional impairment, dysphagia and dysphonia.

• #25 Intracranial epidermoid cysts: benign entities with malignant behavior: experience with 36 cases | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33617-x

  Intracranial epidermoid cysts are benign slow-growing ectodermal inclusions that account for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors. […] Epidermoid cysts are benign congenital inclusion cysts that in rare cases may occur intracranially, accounting for approximately 0.3-1.8% of primary intracranial tumors. […] Approximately 90% of intracranial epidermoid cysts are located in the intradural compartment, although they can also occur extradurally in the intradiploic space of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones. […] The most common surgical approaches included retrosigmoid (36.1%), subfrontal (19.4%) and telovelar (19.4%) approaches; gross total resection was feasible in 83.3% of cases. […] The overall postoperative complication rate was 38.9% and included persistent hydrocephalus (6 cases), aseptic chemical meningitis (2 cases), CN VII and VIII paresis (1 case), pseudomeningocele (1 case), dysarthria (1 case), acute subdural hematoma and seizure (1 case), transient hydrocephalus and subdural hygroma (1 case), and pulmonary embolus (1 case).

• #26 Epidermoid cyst – Service de Neurochirurgie Hôpital Lariboisière

  https://www.neurochirurgie-lariboisiere.com/en/skull-base-surgery/epidermoid-cyst/

  Intracranial epidermoid cysts are rare, benign lesions that are almost always congenital, i.e. present from birth. They account for 0.3% to 1.8% of all intracranial neoplasms. […] They are usually monitored by regular MRI scans. Surgical treatment is proposed in the event of symptoms. If symptoms are moderate and the risk of surgery is considered significant, surveillance may be preferred in the first instance. […] Overall, the prognosis is good, but epidermoid cysts often require complex, high-risk surgery, requiring surgical expertise in this type of lesion.

• #27 Correlation of radiological features of white epidermoid cysts with histopathological findings | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-06167-x

  Epidermoid cysts are benign congenital extra-axial lesions commonly found in the posterior fossa. […] Currently, such atypical appearance is referred to as white epidermoid. […] A total of 61 patients with epidermoid cyst were found, of those 5 (8%) were considered white epidermoids. […] White epidermoid cyst is an unusual intracranial lesion that should be considered when encountered with an extra-axial T1 hyperintense lesion. […] The cause of this hyperintensity is not clearly understood, but the presence of cholesterol, microcalcifications, proteinaceous content and rarely hemorrhage or melanin may be contributing factors. […] Epidermoid cysts can be acquired following surgery or trauma. […] They represent about 0.2-1.8% of all primary intracranial tumors. […] The typical imaging appearance is that of a well-defined lobulated mass which is hypodense on CT scan, hypointense on T1-weighted MRI, hyperintense on T2-weighted and DWI.

• #28 Intracranial epidermoid cysts: benign entities with malignant behavior: experience with 36 cases | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33617-x

  Intracranial epidermoid cysts are benign slow-growing ectodermal inclusions that account for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors. […] Epidermoid cysts are benign congenital inclusion cysts that in rare cases may occur intracranially, accounting for approximately 0.3-1.8% of primary intracranial tumors. […] Approximately 90% of intracranial epidermoid cysts are located in the intradural compartment, although they can also occur extradurally in the intradiploic space of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones. […] The most common surgical approaches included retrosigmoid (36.1%), subfrontal (19.4%) and telovelar (19.4%) approaches; gross total resection was feasible in 83.3% of cases. […] The overall postoperative complication rate was 38.9% and included persistent hydrocephalus (6 cases), aseptic chemical meningitis (2 cases), CN VII and VIII paresis (1 case), pseudomeningocele (1 case), dysarthria (1 case), acute subdural hematoma and seizure (1 case), transient hydrocephalus and subdural hygroma (1 case), and pulmonary embolus (1 case).

• #29 Simultaneous Discrete Intradiploic and Intracerebral Atypical Epidermoid Cysts: Possible Embryological Theories

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ncr/neurosurgery-cases-and-reviews-ncr-5-094.php?jid=ncr

  Epidermoid cysts are benign indolent lesions that account for around 1% of all primary brain tumours. […] Epidermoid cysts are benign, slow-growing lesions that account for about 1% of all primary brain tumours. They commonly occur in the cerebellopontine angle (40-50%) and parasellar regions. […] Intraparenchymal or intradiploic epidermoid cysts are rare, accounting for < 5% of all intracranial epidermoid cysts. [...] Proposed embryogenetic theories centre on the entrapment of ectodermal contents during various stages of neural tube closure. [...] The first case of intradiploic epidermoid cyst was reported by Harvey Cushing in 1922. [...] Since then, multiple case reports have emerged, describing this rare entity that commonly presents as slowly enlarging scalp lumps. [...] In the largest series of atypical epidermoids, Ren, et al. described neovascularisation from inflammation as a cause of intracranial haemorrhage that could potentially perpetuate the inflammatory process.

• #30 Simultaneous Discrete Intradiploic and Intracerebral Atypical Epidermoid Cysts: Possible Embryological Theories

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ncr/neurosurgery-cases-and-reviews-ncr-5-094.php?jid=ncr

  Epidermoid cysts are benign indolent lesions that account for around 1% of all primary brain tumours. […] Epidermoid cysts are benign, slow-growing lesions that account for about 1% of all primary brain tumours. They commonly occur in the cerebellopontine angle (40-50%) and parasellar regions. […] Intraparenchymal or intradiploic epidermoid cysts are rare, accounting for < 5% of all intracranial epidermoid cysts. [...] Proposed embryogenetic theories centre on the entrapment of ectodermal contents during various stages of neural tube closure. [...] The first case of intradiploic epidermoid cyst was reported by Harvey Cushing in 1922. [...] Since then, multiple case reports have emerged, describing this rare entity that commonly presents as slowly enlarging scalp lumps. [...] In the largest series of atypical epidermoids, Ren, et al. described neovascularisation from inflammation as a cause of intracranial haemorrhage that could potentially perpetuate the inflammatory process.

• #31 Intracranial epidermoid cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/intracranial-epidermoid-cyst?lang=us

  Epidermoid cysts are usually very slow growing and as such take many years to present. […] Epidermoid cysts account for ~1% of all intracranial tumors. […] There may be increased prevalence in males, although this is not found in all series.

• #32 Testicular epidermoid cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-epidermoid-cyst?lang=us

  Testicular epidermoid cysts account for around 1-2% of all testicular masses and typically present in mid-adulthood (2nd to 4th decades) 1,2. […] They are the most common type of benign testicular neoplasms 6. […] These lesions are benign with no malignant potential 3.

• #33 Testicular epidermoid cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-epidermoid-cyst?lang=us

  Testicular epidermoid cysts account for around 1-2% of all testicular masses and typically present in mid-adulthood (2nd to 4th decades) 1,2. […] They are the most common type of benign testicular neoplasms 6. […] These lesions are benign with no malignant potential 3.

• #34 An Unusual and Rare Case of Generalized Multiple Epidermoid Cysts with | IMCRJ

  https://www.dovepress.com/an-unusual-and-rare-case-of-generalized-multiple-epidermoid-cysts-with-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IMCRJ

  Epidermoid cyst (EC) is a cyst containing keratin and its breakdown products, that is surrounded by an epidermoid wall. EC can occur in both men and women, especially in young- and middle-aged adults. […] A cyst with diameter more than 5 cm is called giant EC and it is a rare clinical occurrence. […] Multiple ECs are rarely found and can be seen in patients with severe acne vulgaris. […] In this report, we present a case of generalized multiple ECs with a giant EC on the left gluteal region which is an unusual and rare manifestation of EC. […] The diameter of ECs ranged from a few millimetres to 5 cm. EC usually enlarges slowly, as the rate of growth is not more than 0.5 cm per year. A giant EC is defined as an EC with diameter exceeding 5 cm and are commonly found on the gluteal region and scrotum.

• #35

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2022/08050/epidemiological_characteristics_and_importance_of.42.aspx

  Giant epidermal cysts, which have a diameter of 5cm, have rarely been reported. This study aims to establish the epidemiological characteristics and statistically determine the significance of lobulation in giant epidermal cysts. Data on 19 patients who developed giant epidermal cysts between January 2003 and February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Among the 19 patients, 16 (84.2%) were male, and the mean age was 57.7 ± 10.6 years. The mean patient-reported tumor duration was 14.8 ± 12.5 years. Seven (36.8%) patients had multilocular giant epidermal cysts, whereas 12 (63.2%) had unilocular giant epidermal cysts. Compared with unilocular giant epidermal cysts, multilocular giant epidermal cysts had a significantly larger mean diameter (6.0 ± 0.7 vs 8.2 ± 1.8 cm, P = .02) and estimated volume (91.8 ± 43.3 vs 250.0 ± 157.0 mL, P = .02).

• #36

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2022/08050/epidemiological_characteristics_and_importance_of.42.aspx

  Giant epidermal cysts, which have a diameter of 5cm, have rarely been reported. This study aims to establish the epidemiological characteristics and statistically determine the significance of lobulation in giant epidermal cysts. Data on 19 patients who developed giant epidermal cysts between January 2003 and February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Among the 19 patients, 16 (84.2%) were male, and the mean age was 57.7 ± 10.6 years. The mean patient-reported tumor duration was 14.8 ± 12.5 years. Seven (36.8%) patients had multilocular giant epidermal cysts, whereas 12 (63.2%) had unilocular giant epidermal cysts. Compared with unilocular giant epidermal cysts, multilocular giant epidermal cysts had a significantly larger mean diameter (6.0 ± 0.7 vs 8.2 ± 1.8 cm, P = .02) and estimated volume (91.8 ± 43.3 vs 250.0 ± 157.0 mL, P = .02).

• #37

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2022/08050/epidemiological_characteristics_and_importance_of.42.aspx

  Giant epidermal cysts have distinctive epidemiologic characteristics with predominance among males, those in their 50s, and a long tumor duration. Multilocular giant epidermal cysts are significantly larger in diameter and volume than unilocular ones. This study revealed that GECs were prevalent in men (sex ratio, 5.3:1) and in those in their 50s. GECs were mostly found on the posterior side of the body, had a long tumor duration, and had almost no punctum. These findings differ from the epidemiology of typical epidermal cysts (predominantly male [sex ratio, 2:1]; usually occurring in the third and fourth decades of life; typically involving the face, neck, preauricular area, or upper trunk; and usually presenting with a punctum). […] Another consideration is the significance of lobulation in GECs. Fujiwara et al analyzed 8 consecutive cases of MGECs and reported that MGECs had clinical features that distinguished them from ordinary epidermal cysts, such as a male predominance, long disease duration, absence of punctum, and thick dermal layer locations. However, because of the relatively small number of cases, it is unclear whether these characteristics are those of MGECs or GECs. We analyzed more cases and found that MGECs had a larger lesion size and volume than UGECs, but other epidemiological characteristics were not significantly different. Therefore, the characteristics mentioned by Fujiwara et al should be regarded as those of GECs in general.

• #38

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2022/08050/epidemiological_characteristics_and_importance_of.42.aspx

  Giant epidermal cysts have distinctive epidemiologic characteristics with predominance among males, those in their 50s, and a long tumor duration. Multilocular giant epidermal cysts are significantly larger in diameter and volume than unilocular ones. This study revealed that GECs were prevalent in men (sex ratio, 5.3:1) and in those in their 50s. GECs were mostly found on the posterior side of the body, had a long tumor duration, and had almost no punctum. These findings differ from the epidemiology of typical epidermal cysts (predominantly male [sex ratio, 2:1]; usually occurring in the third and fourth decades of life; typically involving the face, neck, preauricular area, or upper trunk; and usually presenting with a punctum). […] Another consideration is the significance of lobulation in GECs. Fujiwara et al analyzed 8 consecutive cases of MGECs and reported that MGECs had clinical features that distinguished them from ordinary epidermal cysts, such as a male predominance, long disease duration, absence of punctum, and thick dermal layer locations. However, because of the relatively small number of cases, it is unclear whether these characteristics are those of MGECs or GECs. We analyzed more cases and found that MGECs had a larger lesion size and volume than UGECs, but other epidemiological characteristics were not significantly different. Therefore, the characteristics mentioned by Fujiwara et al should be regarded as those of GECs in general.

• #39 Correlation of radiological features of white epidermoid cysts with histopathological findings | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-06167-x

  Epidermoid cysts are benign congenital extra-axial lesions commonly found in the posterior fossa. […] Currently, such atypical appearance is referred to as white epidermoid. […] A total of 61 patients with epidermoid cyst were found, of those 5 (8%) were considered white epidermoids. […] White epidermoid cyst is an unusual intracranial lesion that should be considered when encountered with an extra-axial T1 hyperintense lesion. […] The cause of this hyperintensity is not clearly understood, but the presence of cholesterol, microcalcifications, proteinaceous content and rarely hemorrhage or melanin may be contributing factors. […] Epidermoid cysts can be acquired following surgery or trauma. […] They represent about 0.2-1.8% of all primary intracranial tumors. […] The typical imaging appearance is that of a well-defined lobulated mass which is hypodense on CT scan, hypointense on T1-weighted MRI, hyperintense on T2-weighted and DWI.

• #40 Correlation of radiological features of white epidermoid cysts with histopathological findings | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-06167-x

  Occasionally, epidermoid cysts may appear hyperdense on CT scan and hyperintense on T1-weighted MRI. […] The higher percentage (8%) of white epidermoid cysts in our study may be explained by the relatively small sample size. […] White epidermoid cysts are typically located in the sellar/suprasellar region, middle and posterior cranial fossae. […] The treatment of choice of white epidermoid cysts is microsurgical evacuation of the cyst content, in addition to radical resection of the capsule to avoid recurrence and the risk of chemical meningitis. […] White epidermoid cysts have a higher risk of leakage and subsequent chemical meningitis compared to classic epidermoid and even dermoid cysts.

• #41 Correlation of radiological features of white epidermoid cysts with histopathological findings | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-06167-x

  Epidermoid cysts are benign congenital extra-axial lesions commonly found in the posterior fossa. […] Currently, such atypical appearance is referred to as white epidermoid. […] A total of 61 patients with epidermoid cyst were found, of those 5 (8%) were considered white epidermoids. […] White epidermoid cyst is an unusual intracranial lesion that should be considered when encountered with an extra-axial T1 hyperintense lesion. […] The cause of this hyperintensity is not clearly understood, but the presence of cholesterol, microcalcifications, proteinaceous content and rarely hemorrhage or melanin may be contributing factors. […] Epidermoid cysts can be acquired following surgery or trauma. […] They represent about 0.2-1.8% of all primary intracranial tumors. […] The typical imaging appearance is that of a well-defined lobulated mass which is hypodense on CT scan, hypointense on T1-weighted MRI, hyperintense on T2-weighted and DWI.

• #42 Correlation of radiological features of white epidermoid cysts with histopathological findings | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-06167-x

  Occasionally, epidermoid cysts may appear hyperdense on CT scan and hyperintense on T1-weighted MRI. […] The higher percentage (8%) of white epidermoid cysts in our study may be explained by the relatively small sample size. […] White epidermoid cysts are typically located in the sellar/suprasellar region, middle and posterior cranial fossae. […] The treatment of choice of white epidermoid cysts is microsurgical evacuation of the cyst content, in addition to radical resection of the capsule to avoid recurrence and the risk of chemical meningitis. […] White epidermoid cysts have a higher risk of leakage and subsequent chemical meningitis compared to classic epidermoid and even dermoid cysts.

• #43 Correlation of radiological features of white epidermoid cysts with histopathological findings | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-06167-x

  Occasionally, epidermoid cysts may appear hyperdense on CT scan and hyperintense on T1-weighted MRI. […] The higher percentage (8%) of white epidermoid cysts in our study may be explained by the relatively small sample size. […] White epidermoid cysts are typically located in the sellar/suprasellar region, middle and posterior cranial fossae. […] The treatment of choice of white epidermoid cysts is microsurgical evacuation of the cyst content, in addition to radical resection of the capsule to avoid recurrence and the risk of chemical meningitis. […] White epidermoid cysts have a higher risk of leakage and subsequent chemical meningitis compared to classic epidermoid and even dermoid cysts.

• #44 Epidermoid cysts | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20305522/

  Epidermoid (ep-ih-DUR-moid) cysts are harmless small bumps beneath the skin. They are most common on the face, neck and trunk. […] Epidermoid cysts are slow growing and often painless, so they rarely cause problems or need treatment. […] Anyone can develop an epidermoid cyst, but these factors make it more likely: Being past puberty. […] Potential complications of epidermoid cysts include: Inflammation. An epidermoid cyst can become painful and swollen, even if its not infected. […] Your healthcare professional will likely be able to tell whether your bump is an epidermoid cyst by checking the affected skin. […] True epidermoid cysts result from damage to hair follicles or the outer layer of skin, called the epidermis. […] You can usually leave a cyst alone if it isnt painful or embarrassing. […] If the cyst is inflamed, your surgery may be delayed. […] You cant stop epidermoid cysts from forming.

• #45 An Unusual and Rare Case of Generalized Multiple Epidermoid Cysts with | IMCRJ

  https://www.dovepress.com/an-unusual-and-rare-case-of-generalized-multiple-epidermoid-cysts-with-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IMCRJ

  Epidermoid cyst (EC) is a cyst containing keratin and its breakdown products, that is surrounded by an epidermoid wall. EC can occur in both men and women, especially in young- and middle-aged adults. […] A cyst with diameter more than 5 cm is called giant EC and it is a rare clinical occurrence. […] Multiple ECs are rarely found and can be seen in patients with severe acne vulgaris. […] In this report, we present a case of generalized multiple ECs with a giant EC on the left gluteal region which is an unusual and rare manifestation of EC. […] The diameter of ECs ranged from a few millimetres to 5 cm. EC usually enlarges slowly, as the rate of growth is not more than 0.5 cm per year. A giant EC is defined as an EC with diameter exceeding 5 cm and are commonly found on the gluteal region and scrotum.

• #46 Epidermoid cyst

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermoid-cyst

  Epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults, particularly when young-to-middle aged. They occur twice as frequently in men than in women. They may occur frequently in acromegaly. Multiple small epidermoid cysts on the cheeks are seen associated with solar elastosis in Favre-Racouchot syndrome. […] Genetic disorders which may increase the risk of developing multiple epidermoid cysts include Gardner syndrome, Pachyonychia congenita type 2, and Basal cell naevus syndrome. […] The most effective treatment for an epidermoid cyst is complete surgical excision with an intact cyst capsule. Removal of the entire cyst lining decreases rates of recurrence. […] Epidermoid cysts are typically benign and slow growing, rarely undergoing malignant transformation. Occasionally, they resolve spontaneously without intervention.

• #47 Epidermal cyst on the scalp | CCID

  https://www.dovepress.com/epidermal-cyst-on-the-scalp-induced-by-forceps-injury-during-delivery–peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CCID

  The incidence of epidermal cysts is mostly in young and middle-aged people. […] In our study, the most affected age is 2029 years (26.69%, 1054/3949), and the mean age of diagnosis of males (36.5916.57) is statistically younger than that of females (38.8517.30). […] Epidermal cyst is usually solitary. […] Epidermal cysts can be located in any part of the body, and mainly on the face, torso, extremities and scalp. […] According to our case report and literature review, we considered trauma as one of the main causes of epidermoid cysts. […] The epidemiological data we provided proved that epidermoid cysts are prevalent in young and middle-aged people, with the face and trunk as the majority sites. […] There is no clear gender preference for the onset of the disease.

• #48 Dermoid and Epidermoid Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/dermoid-and-epidermoid

  Spinal dermoid and epidermoid cysts are benign growths in the spine. They are not cancerous and they will not spread. However, they may compress important structures like the spinal cord or spinal nerves, and they may eventually rupture. When they are found in the spine, therefore, these cysts are surgically removed. […] Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are rare overall, but are much more commonly diagnosed in children than in adults. They can be either congenital (present at birth) or iatrogenic (arising later in life as the result of a medical procedure). […] Congenital cysts form early during embryonic development. They may be associated with dysraphism, a condition that affects the developing spinal cord. This is the most common cause of dermoid cysts. […] Iatrogenic cysts are the result of the introduction of skin cells into the space around the spinal cord. This may occur during the closure of a dysraphism or during a lumbar puncture. These are the most common cause of epidermoid cysts.

• #49 Dermoid and Epidermoid Diagnosis & Treatment – NYC | Columbia Neurosurgery in New York City

  https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patient-care/conditions/dermoid-and-epidermoid

  Spinal dermoid and epidermoid cysts are benign growths in the spine. They are not cancerous and they will not spread. However, they may compress important structures like the spinal cord or spinal nerves, and they may eventually rupture. When they are found in the spine, therefore, these cysts are surgically removed. […] Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are rare overall, but are much more commonly diagnosed in children than in adults. They can be either congenital (present at birth) or iatrogenic (arising later in life as the result of a medical procedure). […] Congenital cysts form early during embryonic development. They may be associated with dysraphism, a condition that affects the developing spinal cord. This is the most common cause of dermoid cysts. […] Iatrogenic cysts are the result of the introduction of skin cells into the space around the spinal cord. This may occur during the closure of a dysraphism or during a lumbar puncture. These are the most common cause of epidermoid cysts.

• #50 Correlation of radiological features of white epidermoid cysts with histopathological findings | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-06167-x

  Epidermoid cysts are benign congenital extra-axial lesions commonly found in the posterior fossa. […] Currently, such atypical appearance is referred to as white epidermoid. […] A total of 61 patients with epidermoid cyst were found, of those 5 (8%) were considered white epidermoids. […] White epidermoid cyst is an unusual intracranial lesion that should be considered when encountered with an extra-axial T1 hyperintense lesion. […] The cause of this hyperintensity is not clearly understood, but the presence of cholesterol, microcalcifications, proteinaceous content and rarely hemorrhage or melanin may be contributing factors. […] Epidermoid cysts can be acquired following surgery or trauma. […] They represent about 0.2-1.8% of all primary intracranial tumors. […] The typical imaging appearance is that of a well-defined lobulated mass which is hypodense on CT scan, hypointense on T1-weighted MRI, hyperintense on T2-weighted and DWI.

• #51 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts

  Epidermal inclusion cysts are the most common type of skin cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts most frequently occur between ages 20 to 60. Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty. […] Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts typically form randomly. However, avoiding injury or trauma to your skin and treating skin conditions may be helpful to reduce your risk.

• #52 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts

  Epidermal inclusion cysts are the most common type of skin cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts most frequently occur between ages 20 to 60. Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty. […] Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts typically form randomly. However, avoiding injury or trauma to your skin and treating skin conditions may be helpful to reduce your risk.

• #53 Epidermoid cyst

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermoid-cyst

  Epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults, particularly when young-to-middle aged. They occur twice as frequently in men than in women. They may occur frequently in acromegaly. Multiple small epidermoid cysts on the cheeks are seen associated with solar elastosis in Favre-Racouchot syndrome. […] Genetic disorders which may increase the risk of developing multiple epidermoid cysts include Gardner syndrome, Pachyonychia congenita type 2, and Basal cell naevus syndrome. […] The most effective treatment for an epidermoid cyst is complete surgical excision with an intact cyst capsule. Removal of the entire cyst lining decreases rates of recurrence. […] Epidermoid cysts are typically benign and slow growing, rarely undergoing malignant transformation. Occasionally, they resolve spontaneously without intervention.

• #54 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts

  Epidermal inclusion cysts are the most common type of skin cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts most frequently occur between ages 20 to 60. Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty. […] Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts typically form randomly. However, avoiding injury or trauma to your skin and treating skin conditions may be helpful to reduce your risk.

• #55 Cysts – epidermoid and pilar – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/epidermoid-and-pilar-cysts/

  Epidermoid and pilar cysts are common. You cannot pass them on to others, and they are not cancerous. […] Epidermoid cysts typically affect adults in the third and fourth decade of life. They can appear anywhere on the skin. Most commonly, they develop on the face, neck, chest, upper back and sometimes on the scrotum. […] Pilar cysts run strongly in some families. They may be passed down as an autosomal dominant trait this means that each child of an affected parent has 1 in 2 (50%) chance of inheriting the condition. […] Epidermoid and pilar cysts are harmless. Small cysts that give no trouble can safely be left alone. […] If removal is necessary, both types of cysts may require surgical removal under a local anaesthetic. The procedure is done by a trained surgical practitioner. Surgical removals do leave scars. […] To remove a cyst completely, the entire sac and its contents need to be taken out during a minor surgical procedure. This helps lower the risk of the cyst coming back.

• #56 Epidermoid cyst

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermoid-cyst

  Epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults, particularly when young-to-middle aged. They occur twice as frequently in men than in women. They may occur frequently in acromegaly. Multiple small epidermoid cysts on the cheeks are seen associated with solar elastosis in Favre-Racouchot syndrome. […] Genetic disorders which may increase the risk of developing multiple epidermoid cysts include Gardner syndrome, Pachyonychia congenita type 2, and Basal cell naevus syndrome. […] The most effective treatment for an epidermoid cyst is complete surgical excision with an intact cyst capsule. Removal of the entire cyst lining decreases rates of recurrence. […] Epidermoid cysts are typically benign and slow growing, rarely undergoing malignant transformation. Occasionally, they resolve spontaneously without intervention.

• #57 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts

  Epidermal inclusion cysts are the most common type of skin cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts most frequently occur between ages 20 to 60. Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty. […] Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts typically form randomly. However, avoiding injury or trauma to your skin and treating skin conditions may be helpful to reduce your risk.

• #58 Epidermoid cyst

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermoid-cyst

  Epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults, particularly when young-to-middle aged. They occur twice as frequently in men than in women. They may occur frequently in acromegaly. Multiple small epidermoid cysts on the cheeks are seen associated with solar elastosis in Favre-Racouchot syndrome. […] Genetic disorders which may increase the risk of developing multiple epidermoid cysts include Gardner syndrome, Pachyonychia congenita type 2, and Basal cell naevus syndrome. […] The most effective treatment for an epidermoid cyst is complete surgical excision with an intact cyst capsule. Removal of the entire cyst lining decreases rates of recurrence. […] Epidermoid cysts are typically benign and slow growing, rarely undergoing malignant transformation. Occasionally, they resolve spontaneously without intervention.

• #59 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts

  Epidermal inclusion cysts are the most common type of skin cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts most frequently occur between ages 20 to 60. Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty. […] Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts typically form randomly. However, avoiding injury or trauma to your skin and treating skin conditions may be helpful to reduce your risk.

• #60 Epidermoid cyst

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermoid-cyst

  Epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults, particularly when young-to-middle aged. They occur twice as frequently in men than in women. They may occur frequently in acromegaly. Multiple small epidermoid cysts on the cheeks are seen associated with solar elastosis in Favre-Racouchot syndrome. […] Genetic disorders which may increase the risk of developing multiple epidermoid cysts include Gardner syndrome, Pachyonychia congenita type 2, and Basal cell naevus syndrome. […] The most effective treatment for an epidermoid cyst is complete surgical excision with an intact cyst capsule. Removal of the entire cyst lining decreases rates of recurrence. […] Epidermoid cysts are typically benign and slow growing, rarely undergoing malignant transformation. Occasionally, they resolve spontaneously without intervention.

• #61 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts

  Epidermal inclusion cysts are the most common type of skin cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts most frequently occur between ages 20 to 60. Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty. […] Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts typically form randomly. However, avoiding injury or trauma to your skin and treating skin conditions may be helpful to reduce your risk.

• #62 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts

  Epidermal inclusion cysts are the most common type of skin cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts most frequently occur between ages 20 to 60. Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty. […] Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts typically form randomly. However, avoiding injury or trauma to your skin and treating skin conditions may be helpful to reduce your risk.

• #63 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts

  Epidermal inclusion cysts are the most common type of skin cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts most frequently occur between ages 20 to 60. Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty. […] Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts typically form randomly. However, avoiding injury or trauma to your skin and treating skin conditions may be helpful to reduce your risk.

• #64 An Unusual and Rare Case of Generalized Multiple Epidermoid Cysts with | IMCRJ

  https://www.dovepress.com/an-unusual-and-rare-case-of-generalized-multiple-epidermoid-cysts-with-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IMCRJ

  Epidermoid cyst (EC) is a cyst containing keratin and its breakdown products, that is surrounded by an epidermoid wall. EC can occur in both men and women, especially in young- and middle-aged adults. […] A cyst with diameter more than 5 cm is called giant EC and it is a rare clinical occurrence. […] Multiple ECs are rarely found and can be seen in patients with severe acne vulgaris. […] In this report, we present a case of generalized multiple ECs with a giant EC on the left gluteal region which is an unusual and rare manifestation of EC. […] The diameter of ECs ranged from a few millimetres to 5 cm. EC usually enlarges slowly, as the rate of growth is not more than 0.5 cm per year. A giant EC is defined as an EC with diameter exceeding 5 cm and are commonly found on the gluteal region and scrotum.

• #65 Epidermoid cysts | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20305522/

  Epidermoid (ep-ih-DUR-moid) cysts are harmless small bumps beneath the skin. They are most common on the face, neck and trunk. […] Epidermoid cysts are slow growing and often painless, so they rarely cause problems or need treatment. […] Anyone can develop an epidermoid cyst, but these factors make it more likely: Being past puberty. […] Potential complications of epidermoid cysts include: Inflammation. An epidermoid cyst can become painful and swollen, even if its not infected. […] Your healthcare professional will likely be able to tell whether your bump is an epidermoid cyst by checking the affected skin. […] True epidermoid cysts result from damage to hair follicles or the outer layer of skin, called the epidermis. […] You can usually leave a cyst alone if it isnt painful or embarrassing. […] If the cyst is inflamed, your surgery may be delayed. […] You cant stop epidermoid cysts from forming.

• #66 Epidermoid Cysts of the Skin | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/health-information/health-and-wellness-library/article/diseases-and-conditions/epidermoid-cysts-of-the-skin

  Epidermoid cysts are typically harmless, slow-growing bumps under the skin. […] They are the most common type of skin (cutaneous) cyst. […] Epidermoid cysts often go away without any treatment. If the cyst drains on its own, it may return. […] Most cysts dont cause problems or need treatment. They are often not painful, unless they become inflamed or infected. […] If a cyst is a concern to you for any reason, see your health care provider. It can be removed through simple surgery.

• #67 Epidermoid Cysts of the Skin | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/health-information/health-and-wellness-library/article/diseases-and-conditions/epidermoid-cysts-of-the-skin

  Epidermoid cysts are typically harmless, slow-growing bumps under the skin. […] They are the most common type of skin (cutaneous) cyst. […] Epidermoid cysts often go away without any treatment. If the cyst drains on its own, it may return. […] Most cysts dont cause problems or need treatment. They are often not painful, unless they become inflamed or infected. […] If a cyst is a concern to you for any reason, see your health care provider. It can be removed through simple surgery.

• #68 Epidermoid Cysts of the Skin | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/health-information/health-and-wellness-library/article/diseases-and-conditions/epidermoid-cysts-of-the-skin

  Epidermoid cysts are typically harmless, slow-growing bumps under the skin. […] They are the most common type of skin (cutaneous) cyst. […] Epidermoid cysts often go away without any treatment. If the cyst drains on its own, it may return. […] Most cysts dont cause problems or need treatment. They are often not painful, unless they become inflamed or infected. […] If a cyst is a concern to you for any reason, see your health care provider. It can be removed through simple surgery.

• #69 Epidermoid Cysts of the Skin

  https://johnshopkinshealthcare.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Diabetes/85,P00273

  Epidermoid cysts are typically harmless, slow-growing bumps under the skin. They often appear on areas with more hair such as the scalp, face, trunk, upper back, or groin area. These cysts can range in size from inch to several inches across. Some may have an enlarged pore in the center of them. They are the most common type of skin (cutaneous) cyst. […] Epidermoid cysts often go away without any treatment. If the cyst drains on its own, it may return. Most cysts dont cause problems or need treatment. They are often not painful, unless they become inflamed or infected. […] If a cyst is a concern to you for any reason, see your health care provider. It can be removed through simple surgery.

• #70 KoreaMed Synapse

  https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1516080443

  Epidermoid cysts are common benign skin neoplasms derived from the pilosebaceous apparatus that usually develop in hair-bearing regions such as the head and neck. […] Epidermoid cysts in the extremities, especially the palmoplantar region, are rare. […] Complete excision is necessary to avoid relapse and to confirm the final diagnosis, especially in cases suspected of malignant transformation arising from epidermoid cysts. […] Among 249 patients, there were 10 (seven male and three female patients) who had epidermal cysts in the extremities (4.0%). […] Malignant transformation of epidermoid cysts is extremely rare (1%). […] The rapid growth of symptomatic epidermoid cysts with repeated recurrence may indicate malignant transformation. […] Complete removal of the mass, including the capsule, is important to prevent recurrence and histopathological confirmation.

• #71 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/

  Epidermoid cysts are the most common cutaneous cysts and typically occur in the third and fourth decades of life. […] It is rare to find these cysts before puberty. […] They are predominantly found in males versus females (ratio 2:1). […] Approximately 1% of epidermoid cysts have been noted to have a malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

• #72 KoreaMed Synapse

  https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1516080443

  Epidermoid cysts are common benign skin neoplasms derived from the pilosebaceous apparatus that usually develop in hair-bearing regions such as the head and neck. […] Epidermoid cysts in the extremities, especially the palmoplantar region, are rare. […] Complete excision is necessary to avoid relapse and to confirm the final diagnosis, especially in cases suspected of malignant transformation arising from epidermoid cysts. […] Among 249 patients, there were 10 (seven male and three female patients) who had epidermal cysts in the extremities (4.0%). […] Malignant transformation of epidermoid cysts is extremely rare (1%). […] The rapid growth of symptomatic epidermoid cysts with repeated recurrence may indicate malignant transformation. […] Complete removal of the mass, including the capsule, is important to prevent recurrence and histopathological confirmation.

• #73 Cyst, Sebaceous (Epidermal Cyst) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688493/3.2/Cyst__Sebaceous__Epidermal_Cyst_

  Most common cutaneous cyst. […] Predominant sex: male female (2:1). […] Predominant age: most common in 3rd to 4th decades. […] Rare before puberty. […] An estimated 1% of epidermoid cysts are found to have malignant transformation (2). […] Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common (70%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (10%).

• #74 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/

  Epidermoid cysts are the most common cutaneous cysts and typically occur in the third and fourth decades of life. […] It is rare to find these cysts before puberty. […] They are predominantly found in males versus females (ratio 2:1). […] Approximately 1% of epidermoid cysts have been noted to have a malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

• #75 Cyst, Sebaceous (Epidermal Cyst) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688493/3.2/Cyst__Sebaceous__Epidermal_Cyst_

  Most common cutaneous cyst. […] Predominant sex: male female (2:1). […] Predominant age: most common in 3rd to 4th decades. […] Rare before puberty. […] An estimated 1% of epidermoid cysts are found to have malignant transformation (2). […] Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common (70%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (10%).

• #76 Cyst, Sebaceous (Epidermal Cyst) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688493/3.2/Cyst__Sebaceous__Epidermal_Cyst_

  Most common cutaneous cyst. […] Predominant sex: male female (2:1). […] Predominant age: most common in 3rd to 4th decades. […] Rare before puberty. […] An estimated 1% of epidermoid cysts are found to have malignant transformation (2). […] Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common (70%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (10%).

• #77 Epidermoid cyst: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/epidermoid-cyst

  Approximately 7% of epidermoid cysts develop in the head or neck area. […] According to DermNet, epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults. They are twice as common in males than in females, but the reasons for this are unclear. […] A 2018 literature review notes that rarely, epidermoid cysts can become malignant, or cancerous. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma can begin in an epidermoid cyst.

• #78 Minimal Excision Technique for Epidermoid (Sebaceous) Cysts | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2002/0401/p1409.html

  Epidermoid cysts are asymptomatic, dome-shaped lesions that often arise from a ruptured pilosebaceous follicle. […] The rarity of associated cancer makes histologic evaluation necessary only if unusual findings or clinical suspicion of cancer is present. […] The rarity of associated cancer makes routine histologic evaluation necessary only when solid tumors or unusual findings are present. […] Because malignancy is rarely associated with a cyst, some physicians believe it is not cost-effective to send all epidermoid cyst walls for histologic evaluation. Others believe that all specimens should be sent for evaluation because the literature does note the occurrence of cancer.

• #79 Cysts – epidermoid and pilar – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/epidermoid-and-pilar-cysts/

  Epidermoid and pilar cysts are common. You cannot pass them on to others, and they are not cancerous. […] Epidermoid cysts typically affect adults in the third and fourth decade of life. They can appear anywhere on the skin. Most commonly, they develop on the face, neck, chest, upper back and sometimes on the scrotum. […] Pilar cysts run strongly in some families. They may be passed down as an autosomal dominant trait this means that each child of an affected parent has 1 in 2 (50%) chance of inheriting the condition. […] Epidermoid and pilar cysts are harmless. Small cysts that give no trouble can safely be left alone. […] If removal is necessary, both types of cysts may require surgical removal under a local anaesthetic. The procedure is done by a trained surgical practitioner. Surgical removals do leave scars. […] To remove a cyst completely, the entire sac and its contents need to be taken out during a minor surgical procedure. This helps lower the risk of the cyst coming back.

• #80 Cysts – epidermoid and pilar – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/epidermoid-and-pilar-cysts/

  Epidermoid and pilar cysts are common. You cannot pass them on to others, and they are not cancerous. […] Epidermoid cysts typically affect adults in the third and fourth decade of life. They can appear anywhere on the skin. Most commonly, they develop on the face, neck, chest, upper back and sometimes on the scrotum. […] Pilar cysts run strongly in some families. They may be passed down as an autosomal dominant trait this means that each child of an affected parent has 1 in 2 (50%) chance of inheriting the condition. […] Epidermoid and pilar cysts are harmless. Small cysts that give no trouble can safely be left alone. […] If removal is necessary, both types of cysts may require surgical removal under a local anaesthetic. The procedure is done by a trained surgical practitioner. Surgical removals do leave scars. […] To remove a cyst completely, the entire sac and its contents need to be taken out during a minor surgical procedure. This helps lower the risk of the cyst coming back.

• #81 Epidermoid cyst

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermoid-cyst

  Epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults, particularly when young-to-middle aged. They occur twice as frequently in men than in women. They may occur frequently in acromegaly. Multiple small epidermoid cysts on the cheeks are seen associated with solar elastosis in Favre-Racouchot syndrome. […] Genetic disorders which may increase the risk of developing multiple epidermoid cysts include Gardner syndrome, Pachyonychia congenita type 2, and Basal cell naevus syndrome. […] The most effective treatment for an epidermoid cyst is complete surgical excision with an intact cyst capsule. Removal of the entire cyst lining decreases rates of recurrence. […] Epidermoid cysts are typically benign and slow growing, rarely undergoing malignant transformation. Occasionally, they resolve spontaneously without intervention.

• #82 Epidermoid cyst

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermoid-cyst

  Epidermoid cysts most commonly occur in adults, particularly when young-to-middle aged. They occur twice as frequently in men than in women. They may occur frequently in acromegaly. Multiple small epidermoid cysts on the cheeks are seen associated with solar elastosis in Favre-Racouchot syndrome. […] Genetic disorders which may increase the risk of developing multiple epidermoid cysts include Gardner syndrome, Pachyonychia congenita type 2, and Basal cell naevus syndrome. […] The most effective treatment for an epidermoid cyst is complete surgical excision with an intact cyst capsule. Removal of the entire cyst lining decreases rates of recurrence. […] Epidermoid cysts are typically benign and slow growing, rarely undergoing malignant transformation. Occasionally, they resolve spontaneously without intervention.

• #83 An Unusual and Rare Case of Generalized Multiple Epidermoid Cysts with | IMCRJ

  https://www.dovepress.com/an-unusual-and-rare-case-of-generalized-multiple-epidermoid-cysts-with-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IMCRJ

  The definite diagnosis of EC is established based on clinical and histopathological findings. […] Intervention for EC can be considered for cosmetic purposes or if there were recurrent history of inflammation, increasing size of the skin lesion which can interfere daily activities, and discomfort sensations. […] The conventional wide excision technique or complete excision or destruction of the cyst wall is the gold standard for treatment of EC because it can prevent recurrence. […] In this report, the ECs were treated by conventional wide excision technique for ECs on the back and minimal excision technique for the ECs on the chest and gluteal regions. […] To conclude, EC should always be considered when diagnosing a skin-colored nodule even if the size and number are unusual. Appropriate clinical and histopathological findings of the skin-colored nodules are needed to establish the definite diagnosis of EC. Only scarce reports of generalized multiple ECs and giant EC have been reported, mainly in the form of generalized multiple ECs that occurred together with a giant EC.

• #84 An Unusual and Rare Case of Generalized Multiple Epidermoid Cysts with | IMCRJ

  https://www.dovepress.com/an-unusual-and-rare-case-of-generalized-multiple-epidermoid-cysts-with-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IMCRJ

  The definite diagnosis of EC is established based on clinical and histopathological findings. […] Intervention for EC can be considered for cosmetic purposes or if there were recurrent history of inflammation, increasing size of the skin lesion which can interfere daily activities, and discomfort sensations. […] The conventional wide excision technique or complete excision or destruction of the cyst wall is the gold standard for treatment of EC because it can prevent recurrence. […] In this report, the ECs were treated by conventional wide excision technique for ECs on the back and minimal excision technique for the ECs on the chest and gluteal regions. […] To conclude, EC should always be considered when diagnosing a skin-colored nodule even if the size and number are unusual. Appropriate clinical and histopathological findings of the skin-colored nodules are needed to establish the definite diagnosis of EC. Only scarce reports of generalized multiple ECs and giant EC have been reported, mainly in the form of generalized multiple ECs that occurred together with a giant EC.

• #85 Cysts – epidermoid and pilar – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/epidermoid-and-pilar-cysts/

  Epidermoid and pilar cysts are common. You cannot pass them on to others, and they are not cancerous. […] Epidermoid cysts typically affect adults in the third and fourth decade of life. They can appear anywhere on the skin. Most commonly, they develop on the face, neck, chest, upper back and sometimes on the scrotum. […] Pilar cysts run strongly in some families. They may be passed down as an autosomal dominant trait this means that each child of an affected parent has 1 in 2 (50%) chance of inheriting the condition. […] Epidermoid and pilar cysts are harmless. Small cysts that give no trouble can safely be left alone. […] If removal is necessary, both types of cysts may require surgical removal under a local anaesthetic. The procedure is done by a trained surgical practitioner. Surgical removals do leave scars. […] To remove a cyst completely, the entire sac and its contents need to be taken out during a minor surgical procedure. This helps lower the risk of the cyst coming back.

• #86 Cysts – epidermoid and pilar – BAD Patient Hub

  https://www.skinhealthinfo.org.uk/condition/epidermoid-and-pilar-cysts/

  Epidermoid and pilar cysts are common. You cannot pass them on to others, and they are not cancerous. […] Epidermoid cysts typically affect adults in the third and fourth decade of life. They can appear anywhere on the skin. Most commonly, they develop on the face, neck, chest, upper back and sometimes on the scrotum. […] Pilar cysts run strongly in some families. They may be passed down as an autosomal dominant trait this means that each child of an affected parent has 1 in 2 (50%) chance of inheriting the condition. […] Epidermoid and pilar cysts are harmless. Small cysts that give no trouble can safely be left alone. […] If removal is necessary, both types of cysts may require surgical removal under a local anaesthetic. The procedure is done by a trained surgical practitioner. Surgical removals do leave scars. […] To remove a cyst completely, the entire sac and its contents need to be taken out during a minor surgical procedure. This helps lower the risk of the cyst coming back.

• #87 Epidermoid cyst – Service de Neurochirurgie Hôpital Lariboisière

  https://www.neurochirurgie-lariboisiere.com/en/skull-base-surgery/epidermoid-cyst/

  Intracranial epidermoid cysts are rare, benign lesions that are almost always congenital, i.e. present from birth. They account for 0.3% to 1.8% of all intracranial neoplasms. […] They are usually monitored by regular MRI scans. Surgical treatment is proposed in the event of symptoms. If symptoms are moderate and the risk of surgery is considered significant, surveillance may be preferred in the first instance. […] Overall, the prognosis is good, but epidermoid cysts often require complex, high-risk surgery, requiring surgical expertise in this type of lesion.

• #88 Epidermoid cyst – Service de Neurochirurgie Hôpital Lariboisière

  https://www.neurochirurgie-lariboisiere.com/en/skull-base-surgery/epidermoid-cyst/

  Intracranial epidermoid cysts are rare, benign lesions that are almost always congenital, i.e. present from birth. They account for 0.3% to 1.8% of all intracranial neoplasms. […] They are usually monitored by regular MRI scans. Surgical treatment is proposed in the event of symptoms. If symptoms are moderate and the risk of surgery is considered significant, surveillance may be preferred in the first instance. […] Overall, the prognosis is good, but epidermoid cysts often require complex, high-risk surgery, requiring surgical expertise in this type of lesion.

• #89 Epidermoid cyst – Service de Neurochirurgie Hôpital Lariboisière

  https://www.neurochirurgie-lariboisiere.com/en/skull-base-surgery/epidermoid-cyst/

  Intracranial epidermoid cysts are rare, benign lesions that are almost always congenital, i.e. present from birth. They account for 0.3% to 1.8% of all intracranial neoplasms. […] They are usually monitored by regular MRI scans. Surgical treatment is proposed in the event of symptoms. If symptoms are moderate and the risk of surgery is considered significant, surveillance may be preferred in the first instance. […] Overall, the prognosis is good, but epidermoid cysts often require complex, high-risk surgery, requiring surgical expertise in this type of lesion.

• #90 Intracranial epidermoid cysts: benign entities with malignant behavior: experience with 36 cases | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33617-x

  Intracranial epidermoid cysts are benign slow-growing ectodermal inclusions that account for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors. […] Epidermoid cysts are benign congenital inclusion cysts that in rare cases may occur intracranially, accounting for approximately 0.3-1.8% of primary intracranial tumors. […] Approximately 90% of intracranial epidermoid cysts are located in the intradural compartment, although they can also occur extradurally in the intradiploic space of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones. […] The most common surgical approaches included retrosigmoid (36.1%), subfrontal (19.4%) and telovelar (19.4%) approaches; gross total resection was feasible in 83.3% of cases. […] The overall postoperative complication rate was 38.9% and included persistent hydrocephalus (6 cases), aseptic chemical meningitis (2 cases), CN VII and VIII paresis (1 case), pseudomeningocele (1 case), dysarthria (1 case), acute subdural hematoma and seizure (1 case), transient hydrocephalus and subdural hygroma (1 case), and pulmonary embolus (1 case).

• #91 Intracranial epidermoid cysts: benign entities with malignant behavior: experience with 36 cases | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33617-x

  Intracranial epidermoid cysts are benign slow-growing ectodermal inclusions that account for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors. […] Epidermoid cysts are benign congenital inclusion cysts that in rare cases may occur intracranially, accounting for approximately 0.3-1.8% of primary intracranial tumors. […] Approximately 90% of intracranial epidermoid cysts are located in the intradural compartment, although they can also occur extradurally in the intradiploic space of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones. […] The most common surgical approaches included retrosigmoid (36.1%), subfrontal (19.4%) and telovelar (19.4%) approaches; gross total resection was feasible in 83.3% of cases. […] The overall postoperative complication rate was 38.9% and included persistent hydrocephalus (6 cases), aseptic chemical meningitis (2 cases), CN VII and VIII paresis (1 case), pseudomeningocele (1 case), dysarthria (1 case), acute subdural hematoma and seizure (1 case), transient hydrocephalus and subdural hygroma (1 case), and pulmonary embolus (1 case).

• #92 Intracranial epidermoid cysts: benign entities with malignant behavior: experience with 36 cases | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33617-x

  Localization to the median cisterns was associated with hydrocephalus at presentation, protracted hospitalization, and incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus. […] Despite their benign biology, primary intracranial epidermoid tumors are challenging clinical entities due to their recurrence statistics, lack of systemic treatment options, and high rates of postoperative complications even in patients with more sparing subtotal resection.

• #93 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/

  Epidermoid cysts are the most common cutaneous cysts and typically occur in the third and fourth decades of life. […] It is rare to find these cysts before puberty. […] They are predominantly found in males versus females (ratio 2:1). […] Approximately 1% of epidermoid cysts have been noted to have a malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

• #94 Pathology Outlines – Epidermoid / epidermal inclusion cyst

  https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skintumornonmelanocytickeratinouscystepidermal.html

  Epidemiology […] Most common cutaneous cyst (Int J Dermatol 2020;59:457) […] M:F = 2:1 (StatPearls: Epidermoid Cyst [Accessed 24 September 2024]) […] Adults 20 – 40 years old predominantly affected (StatPearls: Epidermoid Cyst [Accessed 24 September 2024])

• #95 Simultaneous Discrete Intradiploic and Intracerebral Atypical Epidermoid Cysts: Possible Embryological Theories

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ncr/neurosurgery-cases-and-reviews-ncr-5-094.php?jid=ncr

  We suggest that in patients with seemingly discrete lesions displaying atypical imaging features of epidermoid cysts, one should consider 'white epidermoid’ tumours in the differential diagnoses. […] It is imperative to be aware of the complications and recurrence risks of these relatively benign lesions. Further research into the pathophysiology and their respectability as well as the long-term recurrence rates of these atypical epidermoid cysts would be useful to guide patient treatment and follow-up surveillance.

• #96 Epidermoid and dermoid cysts of the head and neck region

  https://www.oaepublish.com/articles/2347-9264.2016.09

  Epidermoid cysts, dermoid cysts and teratoid cysts are cystic malformations lined with squamous epithelium. Their prevalence is 7% in head and neck patients and 1.6% within the oral cavity. […] Epidermoid cysts occur more frequently in patients between 15 and 35 years but can be seen in all age groups. These are slow growing asymptomatic masses but once they increase in size, they can cause dysphagia, dysphonia and dyspnea. […] The aim of this case series is to highlight the presentation of epidermoid and dermoid cysts as a differential diagnosis for head and neck masses, showing various clinical and radiological presentations as well as the surgical outcomes after their removal. […] In a study of 103 patients with diagnosis of epidermoid and dermoid cyst of the head and neck, 46.6% of these were orbital, 23.3% buccal and submental, 12.3% nasal, 10.7% cervical and 2.9% labial. […] Early diagnosis and removal of dermoid and epidermoid cysts are of great concern as it can cause serious social stigma, aesthetic and functional impairment, dysphagia and dysphonia.

• #97 Intracranial epidermoid cysts: benign entities with malignant behavior: experience with 36 cases | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33617-x

  Localization to the median cisterns was associated with hydrocephalus at presentation, protracted hospitalization, and incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus. […] Despite their benign biology, primary intracranial epidermoid tumors are challenging clinical entities due to their recurrence statistics, lack of systemic treatment options, and high rates of postoperative complications even in patients with more sparing subtotal resection.

• #98 An Unusual and Rare Case of Generalized Multiple Epidermoid Cysts with | IMCRJ

  https://www.dovepress.com/an-unusual-and-rare-case-of-generalized-multiple-epidermoid-cysts-with-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IMCRJ

  The definite diagnosis of EC is established based on clinical and histopathological findings. […] Intervention for EC can be considered for cosmetic purposes or if there were recurrent history of inflammation, increasing size of the skin lesion which can interfere daily activities, and discomfort sensations. […] The conventional wide excision technique or complete excision or destruction of the cyst wall is the gold standard for treatment of EC because it can prevent recurrence. […] In this report, the ECs were treated by conventional wide excision technique for ECs on the back and minimal excision technique for the ECs on the chest and gluteal regions. […] To conclude, EC should always be considered when diagnosing a skin-colored nodule even if the size and number are unusual. Appropriate clinical and histopathological findings of the skin-colored nodules are needed to establish the definite diagnosis of EC. Only scarce reports of generalized multiple ECs and giant EC have been reported, mainly in the form of generalized multiple ECs that occurred together with a giant EC.

• #99 An Unusual and Rare Case of Generalized Multiple Epidermoid Cysts with | IMCRJ

  https://www.dovepress.com/an-unusual-and-rare-case-of-generalized-multiple-epidermoid-cysts-with-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IMCRJ

  The definite diagnosis of EC is established based on clinical and histopathological findings. […] Intervention for EC can be considered for cosmetic purposes or if there were recurrent history of inflammation, increasing size of the skin lesion which can interfere daily activities, and discomfort sensations. […] The conventional wide excision technique or complete excision or destruction of the cyst wall is the gold standard for treatment of EC because it can prevent recurrence. […] In this report, the ECs were treated by conventional wide excision technique for ECs on the back and minimal excision technique for the ECs on the chest and gluteal regions. […] To conclude, EC should always be considered when diagnosing a skin-colored nodule even if the size and number are unusual. Appropriate clinical and histopathological findings of the skin-colored nodules are needed to establish the definite diagnosis of EC. Only scarce reports of generalized multiple ECs and giant EC have been reported, mainly in the form of generalized multiple ECs that occurred together with a giant EC.

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