Torbiel naskórkowa
Etiologia i przyczyny

Torbiel naskórkowa (epidermoid cyst) to łagodny guz podskórny, powstający w wyniku nieprawidłowego przemieszczania się i proliferacji komórek naskórka do głębszych warstw skóry, co prowadzi do tworzenia się ściany torbieli z nabłonka płaskiego i gromadzenia keratyny w jej świetle. Etiologia jest wieloczynnikowa, obejmująca zablokowanie ujścia mieszka włosowego, urazy skóry, przewlekły stan zapalny, trądzik, ekspozycję na promieniowanie UV oraz infekcje wirusowe (np. HPV). Torbiele najczęściej lokalizują się na twarzy, szyi, tułowiu, plecach i okolicach narządów płciowych, rzadziej na kończynach i bardzo rzadko na dłoniach i stopach. Występowanie torbieli jest częstsze u osób młodych i w średnim wieku, z przewagą u mężczyzn, a także u pacjentów z predyspozycjami genetycznymi (np. zespół Gardnera, Gorlina, Favre-Racouchot). Niektóre leki, takie jak inhibitory BRAF, imikwimod i cyklosporyna, mogą zwiększać ryzyko ich rozwoju.

Etiologia torbieli naskórkowej

Torbiel naskórkowa (epidermoid cysts) to łagodny (nienowotworowy) guz podskórny wypełniony keratyną, otoczony ścianą z nabłonka płaskiego. Torbiele te powstają w wyniku złożonych mechanizmów, a ich etiologia jest wieloczynnikowa12. Należy zaznaczyć, że choć często są potocznie nazywane „torbielami łojowymi” (sebaceous cysts), to określenie to jest nieprawidłowe, ponieważ torbiele naskórkowe nie pochodzą z gruczołów łojowych, lecz z komórek naskórka34.

Mechanizm powstawania torbieli naskórkowej

Podstawowy mechanizm powstawania torbieli naskórkowej związany jest z nieprawidłowym przemieszczeniem się komórek naskórka (komórek epidermalnych) do głębszych warstw skóry. W normalnych warunkach komórki naskórka złuszczają się i ulegają naturalnej eliminacji. Jednak w przypadku torbieli proces ten zostaje zaburzony – komórki naskórka, zamiast złuszczać się z powierzchni, przemieszczają się w głąb skóry i tam kontynuują namnażanie56. Te przemieszczone komórki tworzą ścianę torbieli, a następnie wydzielają do jej wnętrza keratynę – białko, które jest naturalnym składnikiem włosów, paznokci i naskórka7. Keratyna gromadzi się wewnątrz torbieli, tworząc charakterystyczną, gęstą, serowatą substancję o żółtawym zabarwieniu8.

Czynniki wywołujące powstawanie torbieli naskórkowej

Powstawanie torbieli naskórkowej może być spowodowane różnorodnymi czynnikami. Do najczęstszych należą:

  • Zablokowanie jednostki włosowo-łojowej – najczęstszą przyczyną powstawania torbieli naskórkowej jest zamknięcie ujścia mieszka włosowego, co prowadzi do retencji komórek naskórka i keratyny910.
  • Urazy skóry – skaleczenia, zadrapania, rany chirurgiczne mogą prowadzić do implantacji komórek naskórka w głębsze warstwy skóry, co skutkuje formowaniem się torbieli1112.
  • Przewlekły stan zapalny – długotrwałe zapalenie mieszków włosowych może prowadzić do ich zablokowania i powstawania torbieli13.
  • Trądzik – osoby z trądzikiem są bardziej narażone na powstawanie torbieli naskórkowych ze względu na częstsze występowanie zablokowanych porów1415.
  • Przewlekłe uszkodzenia skóry wywołane promieniowaniem UV – długotrwała ekspozycja na promienie słoneczne może prowadzić do powstawania torbieli, szczególnie w zespole Favre-Racouchot1617.
  • Infekcje wirusowe – zakażenie wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV) zostało powiązane z powstawaniem torbieli naskórkowych, szczególnie w lokalizacjach podeszwowych i dłoniowych1819.

Czynniki predysponujące do rozwoju torbieli naskórkowej

Istnieje szereg czynników, które zwiększają prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia torbieli naskórkowych:

  • Wiek – torbiele naskórkowe rzadko występują przed okresem dojrzewania, najczęściej pojawiają się u młodych i w średnim wieku dorosłych2021.
  • Płeć – niektóre badania wskazują na większą częstość występowania u mężczyzn niż u kobiet22.
  • Predyspozycje genetyczne – w niektórych przypadkach torbiele naskórkowe mogą występować rodzinnie, co sugeruje komponent genetyczny23.
  • Zaburzenia hormonalne – fluktuacje hormonalne mogą przyczyniać się do powstawania torbieli naskórkowych poprzez zaburzenie normalnego złuszczania komórek naskórka24.

Torbiele naskórkowe w zespołach genetycznych

Choć większość przypadków torbieli naskórkowych ma charakter sporadyczny, w niektórych sytuacjach ich występowanie może być związane z określonymi zespołami genetycznymi25. Szczególnie podejrzane są mnogie torbiele naskórkowe występujące przed okresem dojrzewania lub zlokalizowane w nietypowych miejscach26.

Zespoły genetyczne związane z torbielami naskórkowymi

Do najważniejszych zespołów genetycznych związanych z występowaniem torbieli naskórkowych należą:

  • Zespół Gardnera (rodzinna polipowatość gruczolakowata) – autosomalnie dominująca choroba, w której występują mnogie torbiele naskórkowe, polipy jelita grubego oraz zmiany kostne2728.
  • Zespół Gorlina (zespół znamion podstawnokomórkowych) – autosomalnie dominująca choroba, w której występują mnogie torbiele naskórkowe, raki podstawnokomórkowe skóry oraz nieprawidłowości kostne2930.
  • Zespół Favre-Racouchot – nabyta choroba charakteryzująca się elastozą skórną, zaskórnikami i torbielami naskórkowymi, występująca u osób starszych w wyniku przewlekłej ekspozycji na promieniowanie słoneczne31.

W kontekście torbieli naskórkowych istotne jest również, że w rzadkich przypadkach mogą one występować jako element innych zespołów genetycznych, takich jak pachyonychia congenita, szczególnie gdy pojawiają się w nietypowych lokalizacjach i w dużej liczbie32.

Rola leków w powstawaniu torbieli naskórkowych

Niektóre leki mogą zwiększać ryzyko powstawania torbieli naskórkowych. Do najczęściej wymienianych należą:

  • Inhibitory BRAF – stosowane w leczeniu niektórych nowotworów, mogą prowadzić do rozwoju torbieli naskórkowych, szczególnie w obrębie twarzy3334.
  • Imikwimod – lek przeciwwirusowy stosowany miejscowo, może przyczyniać się do powstawania torbieli naskórkowych3536.
  • Cyklosporyna – lek immunosupresyjny, również został powiązany z rozwojem torbieli naskórkowych3738.

Lokalizacja i charakterystyka kliniczna torbieli naskórkowych

Torbiele naskórkowe mogą występować w różnych lokalizacjach na ciele, jednak najczęściej pojawiają się na twarzy, szyi, tułowiu, plecach i w okolicach narządów płciowych3940. Rzadziej występują w obrębie kończyn, a szczególnie rzadkie są w obrębie dłoni i stóp41.

Szczególne przypadki lokalizacji torbieli naskórkowych

W niektórych przypadkach torbiele naskórkowe mogą występować w nietypowych lokalizacjach, co może mieć związek z ich specyficzną etiologią:

  • Torbiele podeszwowe i dłoniowe – często związane z infekcją HPV lub urazem42.
  • Torbiele moszny – mogą być związane z infekcją HPV typu 6 i 1143.
  • Torbiele wewnątrzczaszkowe – rzadkie postaci torbieli naskórkowych, mają zwykle etiologię wrodzoną, związaną z uwięzieniem komórek ektodermalnych podczas zamykania cewy nerwowej44.

Różnice między torbielami naskórkowymi a innymi rodzajami torbieli

Istotne jest odróżnienie torbieli naskórkowych od innych rodzajów torbieli skórnych, ponieważ różnią się one etiologią i charakterystyką histopatologiczną:

  • Torbiele łojowe (prawdziwe) – pochodzą z gruczołów łojowych i zawierają łój, są znacznie rzadsze niż torbiele naskórkowe45.
  • Torbiele włosowe (pilarne) – wywodzą się z mieszków włosowych, najczęściej występują na owłosionej skórze głowy i mogą mieć komponent dziedziczny4647.
  • Torbiele skrzelowe – mają pochodzenie embrionalne, związane z nieprawidłowym rozwojem łuków skrzelowych48.
  • Torbiele włosowato-łojowe (steatocystoma) – wywodzą się z przewodu łojowego w obrębie mieszka włosowego, mogą występować pojedynczo lub w postaci mnogiej (steatocystoma multiplex)49.

Patogeneza torbieli naskórkowej

Patogeneza torbieli naskórkowej opiera się na kilku kluczowych mechanizmach, które prowadzą do rozwoju charakterystycznej zmiany wypełnionej keratyną50.

Pochodzenie komórkowe torbieli naskórkowych

Z punktu widzenia histologicznego, torbiele naskórkowe wywodzą się z infundibulum mieszka włosowego51. To wyjaśnia, dlaczego większość torbieli naskórkowych rozwija się w obszarach bogatych w mieszki włosowe. Wyściółka torbieli zbudowana jest z nabłonka płaskiego wielowarstwowego, podobnego do tego, który występuje w normalnym naskórku52.

W przypadku obszarów nieowłosionych, takich jak dłonie czy stopy, mechanizm powstawania torbieli naskórkowych jest nieco inny. W tych lokalizacjach torbiele najczęściej powstają w wyniku traumatycznej implantacji komórek naskórka do skóry właściwej53.

Mechanizmy patogenetyczne prowadzące do rozwoju torbieli

Można wyróżnić kilka głównych mechanizmów patogenetycznych prowadzących do rozwoju torbieli naskórkowych:

  1. Zablokowanie mieszka włosowego – najczęstszy mechanizm, w którym dochodzi do zamknięcia ujścia mieszka włosowego, co prowadzi do retencji komórek naskórka i keratyny54.
  2. Traumatyczna implantacja naskórka – w wyniku urazu komórki naskórka zostają wprowadzone do głębszych warstw skóry, gdzie kontynuują proliferację, formując torbiel55.
  3. Wrodzone „uwięzienie” resztek ektodermalnych – w trakcie rozwoju embrionalnego komórki ektodermalne mogą zostać uwięzione wzdłuż linii fuzji embrionalnych, co prowadzi do rozwoju wrodzonych torbieli naskórkowych56.
  4. Zaburzenia hormonalne – zmiany w poziomie hormonów mogą wpływać na funkcjonowanie mieszków włosowych i gruczołów łojowych, prowadząc do ich zablokowania i rozwoju torbieli57.

Rola keratyny w formowaniu się torbieli

Keratyna odgrywa kluczową rolę w formowaniu się torbieli naskórkowej. Jest to białko strukturalne, które normalnie występuje w naskórku, włosach i paznokciach. W przypadku torbieli naskórkowej komórki tworzące ścianę torbieli wydzielają keratynę do jej wnętrza58. Keratyna gromadzi się i tworzy charakterystyczną, gęstą, serowatą substancję, która wypełnia torbiel59. Z czasem torbiel może powiększać się w miarę jak więcej keratyny jest produkowane i gromadzona w jej świetle60.

Czynniki ryzyka i predysponujące do rozwoju torbieli naskórkowej

Istnieje szereg czynników, które zwiększają ryzyko rozwoju torbieli naskórkowych61.

Czynniki demograficzne i osobnicze

Do najważniejszych czynników demograficznych i osobniczych zwiększających ryzyko wystąpienia torbieli naskórkowych należą:

  • Wiek – torbiele naskórkowe rzadko występują przed okresem dojrzewania, najczęściej dotykają młodych i w średnim wieku dorosłych6263.
  • Płeć – według niektórych badań, torbiele naskórkowe występują dwukrotnie częściej u mężczyzn niż u kobiet64.
  • Historia trądziku – osoby z historią trądziku mają zwiększone ryzyko rozwoju torbieli naskórkowych ze względu na częstsze blokowanie porów skóry6566.
  • Predyspozycje genetyczne – w niektórych przypadkach torbiele naskórkowe mogą występować rodzinnie, sugerując komponent genetyczny67.

Czynniki środowiskowe i nabyte

Czynniki środowiskowe i nabyte również odgrywają istotną rolę w rozwoju torbieli naskórkowych:

  • Urazy skóry – skaleczenia, zadrapania, rany chirurgiczne mogą prowadzić do implantacji komórek naskórka w głębsze warstwy skóry6869.
  • Przewlekła ekspozycja na promieniowanie UV – długotrwała ekspozycja na promieniowanie słoneczne może prowadzić do uszkodzenia skóry i formowania się torbieli, szczególnie w zespole Favre-Racouchot70.
  • Infekcje wirusowe – zakażenie wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV) zostało powiązane z powstawaniem torbieli naskórkowych w określonych lokalizacjach7172.
  • Stosowanie określonych leków – niektóre leki, jak inhibitory BRAF, imikwimod czy cyklosporyna, mogą zwiększać ryzyko rozwoju torbieli naskórkowych7374.

Czynniki hormonalne wpływające na rozwój torbieli

Zmiany hormonalne mogą odgrywać istotną rolę w powstawaniu torbieli naskórkowych:

  • Zmiany hormonalne w okresie dojrzewania – wyjaśniają rzadkie występowanie torbieli naskórkowych przed pubertacją75.
  • Podwyższony poziom testosteronu – może przyczyniać się do zwiększonej aktywności gruczołów łojowych i powstawania torbieli. Tłumaczy to m.in. częstsze występowanie torbieli u osób stosujących steroidy anaboliczne76.
  • Zaburzenia równowagi hormonalnej – mogą zakłócać normalny proces złuszczania komórek naskórka, prowadząc do ich akumulacji i formowania torbieli77.

Zapobieganie torbielom naskórkowym

Obecnie nie istnieją skuteczne metody zapobiegania powstawaniu torbieli naskórkowych7879. Wynika to z faktu, że wiele przypadków torbieli naskórkowych rozwija się spontanicznie, bez wyraźnej przyczyny zewnętrznej80.

Strategie zmniejszające ryzyko rozwoju torbieli

Mimo braku skutecznych metod zapobiegania, istnieją strategie, które mogą zmniejszyć ryzyko rozwoju torbieli naskórkowych:

  • Właściwa higiena skóry – regularne mycie i oczyszczanie skóry może pomóc zapobiec blokowaniu mieszków włosowych, choć należy podkreślić, że torbiele naskórkowe nie są wynikiem złej higieny81.
  • Unikanie urazów skóry – zminimalizowanie ryzyka urazów skóry może zmniejszyć szansę na traumatyczną implantację komórek naskórka82.
  • Ochrona przeciwsłoneczna – stosowanie kremów z filtrem przeciwsłonecznym i unikanie nadmiernej ekspozycji na promieniowanie UV może zmniejszyć ryzyko uszkodzeń skóry prowadzących do powstawania torbieli83.
  • Leczenie trądziku – właściwe leczenie trądziku może pomóc w zapobieganiu blokowaniu porów skóry, co zmniejsza ryzyko powstawania torbieli84.

Ograniczenia w zapobieganiu torbielom naskórkowym

Istnieje kilka istotnych ograniczeń w zapobieganiu torbielom naskórkowym:

  • Czynniki genetyczne – w przypadku genetycznych predyspozycji do rozwoju torbieli, jak w zespole Gardnera czy zespole Gorlina, zapobieganie jest praktycznie niemożliwe85.
  • Spontaniczny rozwój – wiele torbieli naskórkowych rozwija się bez wyraźnej przyczyny zewnętrznej, co uniemożliwia skuteczną profilaktykę86.
  • Brak specyficznych czynników ryzyka – dla wielu przypadków torbieli naskórkowych nie można zidentyfikować konkretnych czynników ryzyka, co utrudnia opracowanie strategii zapobiegawczych87.

Należy podkreślić, że mimo braku możliwości zapobiegania powstawaniu torbieli naskórkowych, większość z nich ma charakter łagodny i nie wpływa istotnie na zdrowie pacjenta88. W rzadkich przypadkach (około 1%) torbiele naskórkowe mogą ulec transformacji nowotworowej do raka płaskonabłonkowego lub podstawnokomórkowego8990.

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #2 Epidermoid cysts – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epidermoid-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352701
    Epidermoid cysts occur most often on the face, neck and trunk. […] Epidermoid cysts are slow growing and often painless, so they rarely cause problems or need treatment. […] The surface of the skin, also called the epidermis, is made up of a thin, protective layer of cells that the body sheds nonstop. Most epidermoid cysts form when these cells move deeper into the skin rather than shed. Sometimes this type of cyst forms due to irritation or injury of the skin or a hair follicle. […] Epidermal cells form the walls of the cyst and then secrete the protein keratin into it. Keratin is the thick, cheesy substance that can leak from the cyst.
  • #3 Epidermoid and Pilar Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Causes and Removal
    https://patient.info/skin-conditions/epidermoid-and-pilar-cysts-sebaceous-cysts-leaflet
    Epidermoid and pilar cysts are commonly referred to as 'sebaceous cysts’ (pronounced 'seb-ay-shuss’). They are overgrowths of skin cells (called keratin) held together in a little capsule, or sac. […] These cysts are often called sebaceous cysts but this term is no longer correct, as the origin of these cysts is not from the sebaceous glands in the skin, as was once thought. […] It seems that some cells that are normally near to the surface of the skin (cells of the epidermis or cells in hair follicles) get into deeper parts of the skin and continue to multiply. The cells that multiply form into a sac and produce the keratin that they would normally make on the top layer of the skin. The keratin becomes soggy and forms into a cheese-like substance and a cyst can occur. […] Usually epidermoid cysts pop up for no particular reason: there is nothing you can do to prevent them. They are not related to cleanliness, nor will exfoliating stop them occurring. […] Pilar cysts on the scalp can be hereditary and run in families, although this is rare. […] Rarely, epidermoid cysts can occur due to genetic disorders. A genetic condition might be present if someone has a lot of epidermoid cysts in unusual locations (like on the fingers and toes).
  • #4 Sebaceous cyst Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/sebaceous-cyst
    Epidermoid cysts are very common. Their cause is unknown. The cysts are formed when elements of the surface skin get under the skin surface. The cyst then becomes filled with dead skin because as the skin grows, it can’t be shed as it can elsewhere on the body. […] People with these cysts may have family members who also have them. […] These cysts are more common in adults than in children. […] Sometimes, epidermoid cysts are called sebaceous cysts. This is not correct because the contents of the two types of cysts are different. Epidermoid cysts are filled with dead skin cells, while true sebaceous cysts are filled with yellowish oily material.
  • #5 Epidermoid cysts – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epidermoid-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352701
    Epidermoid cysts occur most often on the face, neck and trunk. […] Epidermoid cysts are slow growing and often painless, so they rarely cause problems or need treatment. […] The surface of the skin, also called the epidermis, is made up of a thin, protective layer of cells that the body sheds nonstop. Most epidermoid cysts form when these cells move deeper into the skin rather than shed. Sometimes this type of cyst forms due to irritation or injury of the skin or a hair follicle. […] Epidermal cells form the walls of the cyst and then secrete the protein keratin into it. Keratin is the thick, cheesy substance that can leak from the cyst.
  • #6 Epidermoid Cysts of the Skin | Cedars-Sinai
    https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/e/epidermoid-cysts-of-the-skin.html
    Epidermoid cysts are sometimes called epidermal cysts. […] Most epidermoid cysts are caused when skin (epidermal) cells move under the skin surface, or are covered over by it instead of shedding. These cells continue to multiply, like skin does normally. […] This may be developmental. But it often happens because of an injury to the skin. […] A cyst occurs when an opening becomes blocked or the site becomes inflamed. This often occurs when there is damage to the hair follicles by a scrape or wound.
  • #7 Epidermoid Cysts: Causes & Treatment | U.S. Dermatology Partners
    https://www.usdermatologypartners.com/services/general-dermatology/epidermoid-cysts/
    Epidermoid cysts develop when skin cells are trapped beneath the outer layers of skin and release keratin, a naturally occurring protein, into the cyst sac. This typically occurs when the skin or hair follicle is damaged and keratin and dead skin cells are unable to be shed naturally. […] Most epidermoid cysts develop on post-pubescent individuals. […] Certain genetic disorders like Gardner Syndrome, Gorlin Syndrome, or Favre-Racouchot Syndrome may cause clusters of epidermoid cysts to form. […] Taking certain medications, including BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, or Cyclosporine, may increase the risk for epidermoid cyst formation. […] This type of cyst often seems to appear spontaneously, but actually, epidermoid cysts most often occur due to skin or hair follicle trauma (cuts, burns, etc.). The traumatic skin injury causes skin cells that would typically be shed to move into the deeper layers of skin and multiply. Over time, these epidermal cells form cyst walls (a sac) that contains the cyst. Keratin protein is secreted into this cyst sac, causing the epidermoid cyst to grow larger. Epidermoid cysts can also develop around hair follicles. When the follicle becomes irritated or damaged, the skin may heal over the follicle, trapping skin cells that should be shed inside, allowing them to multiply and form a cyst sac.
  • #8 Top Causes of Epidermoid Cysts You Should Know | Vejthani
    https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/epidermoid-cysts/
    Cysts under the skin called epidermoid cysts are tiny, noncancerous lumps. […] The majority of epidermoid cysts develop when these cells proliferate rather than slough off when they travel deeper into your skin. Cysts can occasionally develop as a result of skin damage or irritation to the outermost layer of a hair follicle. […] The cysts walls are created by epidermal cells, which subsequently secrete the protein keratin into the cavity. The thick, yellow fluid that occasionally flows from the cyst is keratin. Its possible that a damaged skin oil gland or hair follicle is the cause of this aberrant cell development.
  • #9 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #10 Epidermoid cyst
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermoid-cyst
    Epidermoid cysts generally result from an occluded pilosebaceous unit. […] On non-hair-bearing areas of the body, such as the buttock, palm of the hand, or sole of the foot, an epidermoid cyst may be due to traumatic implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis where keratin accumulates within an epithelium-lined sac.
  • #11 Epidermoid Cysts of the Skin | Cedars-Sinai
    https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/e/epidermoid-cysts-of-the-skin.html
    Epidermoid cysts are sometimes called epidermal cysts. […] Most epidermoid cysts are caused when skin (epidermal) cells move under the skin surface, or are covered over by it instead of shedding. These cells continue to multiply, like skin does normally. […] This may be developmental. But it often happens because of an injury to the skin. […] A cyst occurs when an opening becomes blocked or the site becomes inflamed. This often occurs when there is damage to the hair follicles by a scrape or wound.
  • #12 Epidermoid Cyst: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments
    https://www.healthline.com/health/epidermoid-cysts
    Epidermoid cysts are small, noncancerous lumps that develop under the skin. […] Buildup of trapped keratin usually causes epidermoid cysts. Keratin is a protein that occurs naturally in skin cells. Cysts develop when the protein is trapped below the skin because of disruption to the skin or to a hair follicle. […] These cysts may develop for a number of reasons, but trauma to the skin is typically thought to be the main cause. When numerous, an underlying genetic disorder such as Gardner syndrome may be the cause.
  • #13 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts
    Epidermal inclusion cysts form after a blockage to a hair follicle (an opening in your skin where hair grows out) at the follicular infundibulum (the top part of the hair follicle). […] If you have a skin injury like a scratch, surgical wound or a skin condition like acne or chronic sun damage, it can disrupt the path your skin cells take to leave your body. This traps these cells and other components like keratin, so they collect under the surface of your skin. This is how a cyst forms. […] On areas of your body where you dont have hair follicles, a cyst can form after an injury or trauma to your skin, too. The injury pushes your skin cells below the top layer of your skin into the second layer (dermis). This creates a pocket where keratin collects and forms a cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty.
  • #14 Epidermoid cyst: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/epidermoid-cyst
    Epidermoid cysts usually occur when there is a blockage of the hair follicle, which causes a cyst to form. As a result, they are common in people who experience acne, as they tend to have more blocked pores. […] An epidermoid cyst may also form at the site of injury to the body. […] Epidermoid cysts are harmless growths that occur due to a blocked hair follicle. They contain a soft, cheese-like substance known as keratin.
  • #15 An Unusual and Rare Case of Generalized Multiple Epidermoid Cysts with | IMCRJ
    https://www.dovepress.com/an-unusual-and-rare-case-of-generalized-multiple-epidermoid-cysts-with-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IMCRJ
    Epidermoid cyst (EC) is a cyst containing keratin and its breakdown products, that is surrounded by an epidermoid wall. […] Epidermoid cyst (EC), also known as keratin cyst, epidermal cyst, epidermal inclusion cyst, epithelial cyst, or infundibular cyst, is a cyst containing keratin and its breakdown products surrounded by an epidermoid wall composed of stratified squamous epithelia. […] Epidermoid cyst commonly results from plugged pilosebaceous units lined by a wall of epithelia resembling the infundibulum of hair follicle, and expresses the same cytokeratin profile. […] Multiple ECs originate from comedones that can be seen in patients with acne vulgaris or with significant history of acne vulgaris. […] An EC may also arise from traumatic implantation of epidermal cells into the deeper layer ie, dermis, called inclusion cysts.
  • #16 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #17 Epidermal Cysts: Common Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
    https://skinhealthsg.com.sg/blog/epidermal-cysts-common-causes-symptoms-and-treatments/
    Epidermal cysts, also known as epidermoid cysts or sebaceous cysts, are non-cancerous growths that develop beneath the skins surface. […] The exact cause of epidermal cysts is not always clear, but several factors can contribute to their formation: […] Epidermal cysts may develop from hair follicles that become blocked, preventing the natural shedding of skin cells and keratin. […] Trauma or injury to the skin, such as a cut or puncture wound, may cause implantation of epidermal cells (skin cells) into the deeper layers of the skin, resulting in cyst formation. […] Some individuals may be predisposed to developing epidermal cysts due to genetic factors or inherited conditions. […] Excessive sun exposure can result in degradation of the skin and formation of multiple small cysts on the face. […] Epidermal cysts are common benign growths that develop beneath the skins surface, often as a result of blocked hair follicles or trauma to the skin.
  • #18 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #19 Epidermal inclusion cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
    https://radiopaedia.org/articles/epidermal-inclusion-cyst?lang=us
    Epidermal inclusion cysts or epidermal cysts result from implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis. They are thought to occur as a result of traumatic/surgical implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis […] abnormal development from the infundibular portion of hair follicles […] congenital rests of cells, entrapped in deeper structures e.g. calvarial sutures. Viral associations have been identified in some locations: human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 have been found in an epidermoid cyst of the scrotum […] HPV type 57 or 60 infections have been found in palmoplantar epidermoid cysts.
  • #20 FloridaHealthFinder | Epidermoid cyst | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder
    https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/000842
    Epidermoid cysts are very common. Their cause is unknown. The cysts are formed when elements of the surface skin get under the skin surface. The cyst then becomes filled with dead skin because as the skin grows, it can’t be shed as it can elsewhere on the body. […] People with these cysts may have family members who also have them. […] These cysts are more common in adults than in children.
  • #21 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts
    Epidermal inclusion cysts form after a blockage to a hair follicle (an opening in your skin where hair grows out) at the follicular infundibulum (the top part of the hair follicle). […] If you have a skin injury like a scratch, surgical wound or a skin condition like acne or chronic sun damage, it can disrupt the path your skin cells take to leave your body. This traps these cells and other components like keratin, so they collect under the surface of your skin. This is how a cyst forms. […] On areas of your body where you dont have hair follicles, a cyst can form after an injury or trauma to your skin, too. The injury pushes your skin cells below the top layer of your skin into the second layer (dermis). This creates a pocket where keratin collects and forms a cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty.
  • #22 Epidermoid Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
    https://iderma.lv/en/skin-diseases/epidermoid-cysts-causes-symptoms-treatment/
    Epidermoid cysts are more common in adults, twice as often in men than in women. […] It is more common in young or middle-aged people. […] Certain genetic disorders can lead to the formation of multiple cysts (Gardner, basal cell nevi syndromes). […] The main reason for the formation of epidermoid cysts is the closure of the unit of the hair and sebaceous gland.
  • #23 FloridaHealthFinder | Epidermoid cyst | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder
    https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/000842
    Epidermoid cysts are very common. Their cause is unknown. The cysts are formed when elements of the surface skin get under the skin surface. The cyst then becomes filled with dead skin because as the skin grows, it can’t be shed as it can elsewhere on the body. […] People with these cysts may have family members who also have them. […] These cysts are more common in adults than in children.
  • #24 What Are the Causes of Epidermoid Cyst?
    https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/epidermoid-cyst
    Hormonal Changes: Hormone fluctuations or imbalances can contribute to the formation of epidermoid cysts. Hormonal changes can disrupt the normal shedding of skin cells, causing them to accumulate and form cysts. […] Congenital Conditions: Certain congenital conditions may increase the likelihood of epidermoid cysts developing. These conditions can cause changes in the structure or function of the skin, making it more susceptible to cyst formation. […] Individuals with certain skin conditions, such as acne or folliculitis, may be predisposed to developing epidermoid cysts. These conditions can lead to cyst formation by causing inflammation and blockage of hair follicles or sebaceous glands. It is essential to understand that epidermoid cysts are not contagious and are not caused by infection or cancer. They are usually harmless and have nothing to do with poor hygiene or cleanliness. However, if an epidermoid cyst becomes infected, it can cause serious complications.
  • #25 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #26 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #27 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #28 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts
    Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine.
  • #29 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #30 Pathology Outlines – Epidermoid / epidermal inclusion cyst
    https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skintumornonmelanocytickeratinouscystepidermal.html
    Epidermoid cysts arise as well demarcated dermal papules or nodules, often skin colored to yellow in appearance with a central punctum; they occur most commonly on the face and upper trunk. […] Derived from the follicular infundibulum and result in a cystic cavity lined by a stratified squamous epithelium with lamellated keratin flakes in the cyst lumen. […] Sporadic lesions. […] Familial inheritance possible in Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome. […] Often found in Favre-Racochot disease, a sporadic disease caused by solar elastotic changes. […] Medications such as BRAF inhibitors, imiquimod and cyclosporine may increase the risk of developing epidermal cysts.
  • #31 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #32 Cutaneous cysts and pseudocysts
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-cysts-and-pseudocysts
    Epidermoid cysts are due to the proliferation of epidermal cells within the dermis. Their origin is the follicular infundibulum. Multiple epidermoid cysts may indicate Gardner syndrome. The common term, sebaceous cyst, is a misnomer. […] An epidermal inclusion cyst is a response to an injury. Skin is tucked in to form a sac that is lined by healthy epidermal cells that continue to multiply, mature and form keratin. […] The origin of a trichilemmal cyst is hair root sheath. Inheritance is autosomal dominant (the affected gene is within the short arm of chromosome 3) or sporadic. […] The origin of steatocystoma is the sebaceous duct within the hair follicle. Steatocystoma multiplex is sometimes an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder due to mutations localised to the keratin 17 (K17) gene, when it may be associated with pachyonychia congenita. More often, steatocysts are sporadic, when these mutations are not present.
  • #33 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #34 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts
    Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine.
  • #35 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #36 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts
    Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine.
  • #37 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #38 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts
    Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine.
  • #39 Epidermoid cysts – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epidermoid-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352701
    Epidermoid cysts occur most often on the face, neck and trunk. […] Epidermoid cysts are slow growing and often painless, so they rarely cause problems or need treatment. […] The surface of the skin, also called the epidermis, is made up of a thin, protective layer of cells that the body sheds nonstop. Most epidermoid cysts form when these cells move deeper into the skin rather than shed. Sometimes this type of cyst forms due to irritation or injury of the skin or a hair follicle. […] Epidermal cells form the walls of the cyst and then secrete the protein keratin into it. Keratin is the thick, cheesy substance that can leak from the cyst.
  • #40 Epidermoid cysts | Beacon Health System
    https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/epidermoid-cysts?content_id=CON-20305522
    Epidermoid cysts occur most often on the face, neck and trunk. […] The surface of the skin, also called the epidermis, is made up of a thin, protective layer of cells that the body sheds nonstop. Most epidermoid cysts form when these cells move deeper into the skin rather than shed. Sometimes this type of cyst forms due to irritation or injury of the skin or a hair follicle. […] Epidermal cells form the walls of the cyst and then secrete the protein keratin into it. Keratin is the thick, cheesy substance that can leak from the cyst.
  • #41 Epidermoid cyst
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermoid-cyst
    Epidermoid cysts generally result from an occluded pilosebaceous unit. […] On non-hair-bearing areas of the body, such as the buttock, palm of the hand, or sole of the foot, an epidermoid cyst may be due to traumatic implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis where keratin accumulates within an epithelium-lined sac.
  • #42 Epidermal inclusion cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
    https://radiopaedia.org/articles/epidermal-inclusion-cyst?lang=us
    Epidermal inclusion cysts or epidermal cysts result from implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis. They are thought to occur as a result of traumatic/surgical implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis […] abnormal development from the infundibular portion of hair follicles […] congenital rests of cells, entrapped in deeper structures e.g. calvarial sutures. Viral associations have been identified in some locations: human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 have been found in an epidermoid cyst of the scrotum […] HPV type 57 or 60 infections have been found in palmoplantar epidermoid cysts.
  • #43 Epidermal inclusion cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
    https://radiopaedia.org/articles/epidermal-inclusion-cyst?lang=us
    Epidermal inclusion cysts or epidermal cysts result from implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis. They are thought to occur as a result of traumatic/surgical implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis […] abnormal development from the infundibular portion of hair follicles […] congenital rests of cells, entrapped in deeper structures e.g. calvarial sutures. Viral associations have been identified in some locations: human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 have been found in an epidermoid cyst of the scrotum […] HPV type 57 or 60 infections have been found in palmoplantar epidermoid cysts.
  • #44 Correlation of radiological features of white epidermoid cysts with histopathological findings | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-06167-x
    Epidermoid cysts are benign congenital extra-axial lesions commonly found in the posterior fossa. […] Currently, such atypical appearance is referred to as white epidermoid. […] We present the imaging features of 5 cases of white epidermoid cyst and discuss the possible underlying etiology of this unusual radiological appearance. […] Epidermoid cysts are benign congenital lesions that arise from retained ectodermal epithelium during neural tube closure between the third and fifth weeks of gestation. […] Although typically congenital, epidermoid cysts can be acquired following surgery or trauma. […] The cause of this hyperintensity is not clearly understood, but the presence of cholesterol, microcalcifications, proteinaceous content and rarely hemorrhage or melanin may be contributing factors.
  • #45 Sebaceous cyst Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/sebaceous-cyst
    Epidermoid cysts are very common. Their cause is unknown. The cysts are formed when elements of the surface skin get under the skin surface. The cyst then becomes filled with dead skin because as the skin grows, it can’t be shed as it can elsewhere on the body. […] People with these cysts may have family members who also have them. […] These cysts are more common in adults than in children. […] Sometimes, epidermoid cysts are called sebaceous cysts. This is not correct because the contents of the two types of cysts are different. Epidermoid cysts are filled with dead skin cells, while true sebaceous cysts are filled with yellowish oily material.
  • #46 Cutaneous cysts and pseudocysts
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-cysts-and-pseudocysts
    Epidermoid cysts are due to the proliferation of epidermal cells within the dermis. Their origin is the follicular infundibulum. Multiple epidermoid cysts may indicate Gardner syndrome. The common term, sebaceous cyst, is a misnomer. […] An epidermal inclusion cyst is a response to an injury. Skin is tucked in to form a sac that is lined by healthy epidermal cells that continue to multiply, mature and form keratin. […] The origin of a trichilemmal cyst is hair root sheath. Inheritance is autosomal dominant (the affected gene is within the short arm of chromosome 3) or sporadic. […] The origin of steatocystoma is the sebaceous duct within the hair follicle. Steatocystoma multiplex is sometimes an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder due to mutations localised to the keratin 17 (K17) gene, when it may be associated with pachyonychia congenita. More often, steatocysts are sporadic, when these mutations are not present.
  • #47 Epidermoid and Pilar Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Causes and Removal
    https://patient.info/skin-conditions/epidermoid-and-pilar-cysts-sebaceous-cysts-leaflet
    Epidermoid and pilar cysts are commonly referred to as 'sebaceous cysts’ (pronounced 'seb-ay-shuss’). They are overgrowths of skin cells (called keratin) held together in a little capsule, or sac. […] These cysts are often called sebaceous cysts but this term is no longer correct, as the origin of these cysts is not from the sebaceous glands in the skin, as was once thought. […] It seems that some cells that are normally near to the surface of the skin (cells of the epidermis or cells in hair follicles) get into deeper parts of the skin and continue to multiply. The cells that multiply form into a sac and produce the keratin that they would normally make on the top layer of the skin. The keratin becomes soggy and forms into a cheese-like substance and a cyst can occur. […] Usually epidermoid cysts pop up for no particular reason: there is nothing you can do to prevent them. They are not related to cleanliness, nor will exfoliating stop them occurring. […] Pilar cysts on the scalp can be hereditary and run in families, although this is rare. […] Rarely, epidermoid cysts can occur due to genetic disorders. A genetic condition might be present if someone has a lot of epidermoid cysts in unusual locations (like on the fingers and toes).
  • #48 Epidermoid cyst | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
    https://radiopaedia.org/articles/epidermoid-cyst?lang=us
    Epidermoid cysts are non-neoplastic inclusion cysts derived from ectoderm that are lined solely by squamous epithelium. […] Depending on location, the differential diagnoses of epidermoid cysts include the following: trichilemmal cysts (pilar cysts), calcinosis cutis, dermoid cyst, steatocystoma.
  • #49 Cutaneous cysts and pseudocysts
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-cysts-and-pseudocysts
    Epidermoid cysts are due to the proliferation of epidermal cells within the dermis. Their origin is the follicular infundibulum. Multiple epidermoid cysts may indicate Gardner syndrome. The common term, sebaceous cyst, is a misnomer. […] An epidermal inclusion cyst is a response to an injury. Skin is tucked in to form a sac that is lined by healthy epidermal cells that continue to multiply, mature and form keratin. […] The origin of a trichilemmal cyst is hair root sheath. Inheritance is autosomal dominant (the affected gene is within the short arm of chromosome 3) or sporadic. […] The origin of steatocystoma is the sebaceous duct within the hair follicle. Steatocystoma multiplex is sometimes an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder due to mutations localised to the keratin 17 (K17) gene, when it may be associated with pachyonychia congenita. More often, steatocysts are sporadic, when these mutations are not present.
  • #50 Epidermoid cysts – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epidermoid-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352701
    Epidermoid cysts occur most often on the face, neck and trunk. […] Epidermoid cysts are slow growing and often painless, so they rarely cause problems or need treatment. […] The surface of the skin, also called the epidermis, is made up of a thin, protective layer of cells that the body sheds nonstop. Most epidermoid cysts form when these cells move deeper into the skin rather than shed. Sometimes this type of cyst forms due to irritation or injury of the skin or a hair follicle. […] Epidermal cells form the walls of the cyst and then secrete the protein keratin into it. Keratin is the thick, cheesy substance that can leak from the cyst.
  • #51 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #52 An Unusual and Rare Case of Generalized Multiple Epidermoid Cysts with | IMCRJ
    https://www.dovepress.com/an-unusual-and-rare-case-of-generalized-multiple-epidermoid-cysts-with-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IMCRJ
    Epidermoid cyst (EC) is a cyst containing keratin and its breakdown products, that is surrounded by an epidermoid wall. […] Epidermoid cyst (EC), also known as keratin cyst, epidermal cyst, epidermal inclusion cyst, epithelial cyst, or infundibular cyst, is a cyst containing keratin and its breakdown products surrounded by an epidermoid wall composed of stratified squamous epithelia. […] Epidermoid cyst commonly results from plugged pilosebaceous units lined by a wall of epithelia resembling the infundibulum of hair follicle, and expresses the same cytokeratin profile. […] Multiple ECs originate from comedones that can be seen in patients with acne vulgaris or with significant history of acne vulgaris. […] An EC may also arise from traumatic implantation of epidermal cells into the deeper layer ie, dermis, called inclusion cysts.
  • #53 Epidermoid cyst
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/epidermoid-cyst
    Epidermoid cysts generally result from an occluded pilosebaceous unit. […] On non-hair-bearing areas of the body, such as the buttock, palm of the hand, or sole of the foot, an epidermoid cyst may be due to traumatic implantation of epidermal cells into the dermis where keratin accumulates within an epithelium-lined sac.
  • #54 Epidermoid cyst: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/epidermoid-cyst
    Epidermoid cysts usually occur when there is a blockage of the hair follicle, which causes a cyst to form. As a result, they are common in people who experience acne, as they tend to have more blocked pores. […] An epidermoid cyst may also form at the site of injury to the body. […] Epidermoid cysts are harmless growths that occur due to a blocked hair follicle. They contain a soft, cheese-like substance known as keratin.
  • #55 Epidermoid Cyst: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1061582-overview
    Epidermoid cysts likely form via several mechanisms. They may result from the sequestration of epidermal rests during embryonic life, occlusion of the pilosebaceous unit, or traumatic or surgical implantation of epithelial elements. HPV infection, UV light exposure, and eccrine duct occlusion may be additional factors in the development of palmoplantar epidermoid cysts. […] Congenital epidermoid cysts of the anterior fontanelle or those that are orogenital in location presumably result from sequestration or trapping of epidermal rests along embryonic fusion planes during development. […] Any benign or malignant process affecting or growing near the pilosebaceous unit may lead to occlusion or impingement of the follicular ostia with subsequent formation of a cyst. […] True epidermal inclusion cysts result from the implantation of epithelial elements in the dermis. […] Certain hereditary syndromes are associated with epidermoid cysts. Such syndromes include Gardner syndrome, basal cell nevus syndrome, and pachyonychia congenita.
  • #56 Epidermoid Cyst: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1061582-overview
    Epidermoid cysts likely form via several mechanisms. They may result from the sequestration of epidermal rests during embryonic life, occlusion of the pilosebaceous unit, or traumatic or surgical implantation of epithelial elements. HPV infection, UV light exposure, and eccrine duct occlusion may be additional factors in the development of palmoplantar epidermoid cysts. […] Congenital epidermoid cysts of the anterior fontanelle or those that are orogenital in location presumably result from sequestration or trapping of epidermal rests along embryonic fusion planes during development. […] Any benign or malignant process affecting or growing near the pilosebaceous unit may lead to occlusion or impingement of the follicular ostia with subsequent formation of a cyst. […] True epidermal inclusion cysts result from the implantation of epithelial elements in the dermis. […] Certain hereditary syndromes are associated with epidermoid cysts. Such syndromes include Gardner syndrome, basal cell nevus syndrome, and pachyonychia congenita.
  • #57 What Are the Causes of Epidermoid Cyst?
    https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/epidermoid-cyst
    Hormonal Changes: Hormone fluctuations or imbalances can contribute to the formation of epidermoid cysts. Hormonal changes can disrupt the normal shedding of skin cells, causing them to accumulate and form cysts. […] Congenital Conditions: Certain congenital conditions may increase the likelihood of epidermoid cysts developing. These conditions can cause changes in the structure or function of the skin, making it more susceptible to cyst formation. […] Individuals with certain skin conditions, such as acne or folliculitis, may be predisposed to developing epidermoid cysts. These conditions can lead to cyst formation by causing inflammation and blockage of hair follicles or sebaceous glands. It is essential to understand that epidermoid cysts are not contagious and are not caused by infection or cancer. They are usually harmless and have nothing to do with poor hygiene or cleanliness. However, if an epidermoid cyst becomes infected, it can cause serious complications.
  • #58 Epidermoid cysts – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epidermoid-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352701
    Epidermoid cysts occur most often on the face, neck and trunk. […] Epidermoid cysts are slow growing and often painless, so they rarely cause problems or need treatment. […] The surface of the skin, also called the epidermis, is made up of a thin, protective layer of cells that the body sheds nonstop. Most epidermoid cysts form when these cells move deeper into the skin rather than shed. Sometimes this type of cyst forms due to irritation or injury of the skin or a hair follicle. […] Epidermal cells form the walls of the cyst and then secrete the protein keratin into it. Keratin is the thick, cheesy substance that can leak from the cyst.
  • #59 Epidermoid cysts | Health Library | Memorial Health System
    https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20305522/
    Epidermoid cysts are harmless small bumps beneath the skin. […] The surface of the skin, also called the epidermis, is made up of a thin, protective layer of cells that the body sheds nonstop. Most epidermoid cysts form when these cells move deeper into the skin rather than shed. Sometimes this type of cyst forms due to irritation or injury of the skin or a hair follicle. […] Epidermal cells form the walls of the cyst and then secrete the protein keratin into it. Keratin is the thick, cheesy substance that can leak from the cyst.
  • #60 Epidermoid Cyst: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/epidermoid-cyst-1069206
    Epidermoid cysts are the most common type of skin cyst. They occur when epidermal cellsthose that make up the outermost layer of skin called the epidermisdon’t shed properly and move beneath the skin’s surface. […] Epidermal cells produce a type of protein called keratin that makes up your skin, hair, and nails. When these cells are trapped beneath the skin, they will continue to produce keratin, leading to the formation of a fully contained, fluid-filled cyst. […] The entrapment of epidermal cells may be caused by an injury, surgery, or body piercing. Some occur spontaneously for no known reason. On rare occasions, they can occur with genetic disorders like pachyonychia congenita.
  • #61 Epidermoid cysts – Hancock Health
    https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/epidermoid-cysts/
    Epidermoid cysts form when these cells move deeper into the skin rather than shed. […] Sometimes this type of cyst forms due to irritation or injury of the skin or a hair follicle. […] Anyone can develop an epidermoid cyst, but these factors make it more likely: Being past puberty, having a rare, inherited condition called Gardner syndrome, injuring the skin. […] True epidermoid cysts result from damage to hair follicles or the outer layer of skin, called the epidermis. […] Sebaceous cysts are less common and arise from the glands that secrete oily matter that lubricates hair and skin, also called sebaceous glands. […] Pilar cysts develop from the root of hair follicles and are common on the scalp. […] What causes this type of cyst?
  • #62 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts
    Epidermal inclusion cysts form after a blockage to a hair follicle (an opening in your skin where hair grows out) at the follicular infundibulum (the top part of the hair follicle). […] If you have a skin injury like a scratch, surgical wound or a skin condition like acne or chronic sun damage, it can disrupt the path your skin cells take to leave your body. This traps these cells and other components like keratin, so they collect under the surface of your skin. This is how a cyst forms. […] On areas of your body where you dont have hair follicles, a cyst can form after an injury or trauma to your skin, too. The injury pushes your skin cells below the top layer of your skin into the second layer (dermis). This creates a pocket where keratin collects and forms a cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty.
  • #63 FloridaHealthFinder | Epidermoid cyst | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder
    https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/000842
    Epidermoid cysts are very common. Their cause is unknown. The cysts are formed when elements of the surface skin get under the skin surface. The cyst then becomes filled with dead skin because as the skin grows, it can’t be shed as it can elsewhere on the body. […] People with these cysts may have family members who also have them. […] These cysts are more common in adults than in children.
  • #64 Epidermoid Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
    https://iderma.lv/en/skin-diseases/epidermoid-cysts-causes-symptoms-treatment/
    Epidermoid cysts are more common in adults, twice as often in men than in women. […] It is more common in young or middle-aged people. […] Certain genetic disorders can lead to the formation of multiple cysts (Gardner, basal cell nevi syndromes). […] The main reason for the formation of epidermoid cysts is the closure of the unit of the hair and sebaceous gland.
  • #65 Epidermoid cyst: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/epidermoid-cyst
    Epidermoid cysts usually occur when there is a blockage of the hair follicle, which causes a cyst to form. As a result, they are common in people who experience acne, as they tend to have more blocked pores. […] An epidermoid cyst may also form at the site of injury to the body. […] Epidermoid cysts are harmless growths that occur due to a blocked hair follicle. They contain a soft, cheese-like substance known as keratin.
  • #66 Skin cyst
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/skin-cyst/
    Anyone can get a skin cyst and it’s not always known what causes them. […] You may be more likely to get a skin cyst if: a family member also has cysts (particularly pilar cysts), you’re an adult, particularly in middle age, you’re a woman, you have acne, you have a rare condition, such as familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome. […] Skin cysts are not cancerous and you cannot get them from someone who has one.
  • #67 FloridaHealthFinder | Epidermoid cyst | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder
    https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/000842
    Epidermoid cysts are very common. Their cause is unknown. The cysts are formed when elements of the surface skin get under the skin surface. The cyst then becomes filled with dead skin because as the skin grows, it can’t be shed as it can elsewhere on the body. […] People with these cysts may have family members who also have them. […] These cysts are more common in adults than in children.
  • #68 Epidermoid Cysts of the Skin | Cedars-Sinai
    https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/e/epidermoid-cysts-of-the-skin.html
    Epidermoid cysts are sometimes called epidermal cysts. […] Most epidermoid cysts are caused when skin (epidermal) cells move under the skin surface, or are covered over by it instead of shedding. These cells continue to multiply, like skin does normally. […] This may be developmental. But it often happens because of an injury to the skin. […] A cyst occurs when an opening becomes blocked or the site becomes inflamed. This often occurs when there is damage to the hair follicles by a scrape or wound.
  • #69 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts
    Epidermal inclusion cysts form after a blockage to a hair follicle (an opening in your skin where hair grows out) at the follicular infundibulum (the top part of the hair follicle). […] If you have a skin injury like a scratch, surgical wound or a skin condition like acne or chronic sun damage, it can disrupt the path your skin cells take to leave your body. This traps these cells and other components like keratin, so they collect under the surface of your skin. This is how a cyst forms. […] On areas of your body where you dont have hair follicles, a cyst can form after an injury or trauma to your skin, too. The injury pushes your skin cells below the top layer of your skin into the second layer (dermis). This creates a pocket where keratin collects and forms a cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty.
  • #70 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #71 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #72 What Is an Epidermoid Cyst (Sebaceous Cyst)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
    https://www.everydayhealth.com/sebaceous-cyst/guide/
    The first thing to know is that the term sebaceous cyst is often used to describe what is actually an epidermoid cyst. The terms are used interchangeably, but there’s a difference, notes the Cleveland Clinic. […] They are not as common as epidermoid cysts, which occur when skin cells accrue under the skin instead of being shed from its surface. […] The surface of your skin, known as the epidermis, consists of thin layers of cells that are constantly shedding. Sometimes, though, when the cells move deeper into the skin, instead of shedding, they can multiply, leading to cyst formation. […] Acne can contribute to their development, as can damaged or swollen hair follicles. […] Sometimes, injury to the skin may cause a sebaceous cyst. […] Research also suggests that they can be caused by human papilloma virus (HPV).
  • #73 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #74 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts
    Some rare genetic conditions and other conditions can lead to the development of multiple epidermal inclusion cysts, including: Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis), Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome), Favre-Racouchot syndrome, Human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Certain medications may increase your risk of developing epidermal inclusion cysts, including: BRAF inhibitors, Imiquimod, Cyclosporine.
  • #75 Epidermal Inclusion Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Treatment & Causes
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14165-sebaceous-cysts
    Epidermal inclusion cysts form after a blockage to a hair follicle (an opening in your skin where hair grows out) at the follicular infundibulum (the top part of the hair follicle). […] If you have a skin injury like a scratch, surgical wound or a skin condition like acne or chronic sun damage, it can disrupt the path your skin cells take to leave your body. This traps these cells and other components like keratin, so they collect under the surface of your skin. This is how a cyst forms. […] On areas of your body where you dont have hair follicles, a cyst can form after an injury or trauma to your skin, too. The injury pushes your skin cells below the top layer of your skin into the second layer (dermis). This creates a pocket where keratin collects and forms a cyst. […] Epidermal inclusion cysts rarely appear before puberty.
  • #76 Sebaceous cyst – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_cyst
    A sebaceous cyst is a term commonly used to refer to either: Epidermoid cysts (also termed epidermal cysts, infundibular cyst) […] Epidermoid cysts originate in the epidermis and pilar cysts originate from hair follicles. Technically speaking, then, they are not sebaceous cysts. […] Cysts may be related to high levels of testosterone, hence may be more frequent in users of anabolic steroids. […] Hereditary causes of sebaceous cysts include Gardner’s syndrome and basal cell nevus syndrome.
  • #77 What Are the Causes of Epidermoid Cyst?
    https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/epidermoid-cyst
    Hormonal Changes: Hormone fluctuations or imbalances can contribute to the formation of epidermoid cysts. Hormonal changes can disrupt the normal shedding of skin cells, causing them to accumulate and form cysts. […] Congenital Conditions: Certain congenital conditions may increase the likelihood of epidermoid cysts developing. These conditions can cause changes in the structure or function of the skin, making it more susceptible to cyst formation. […] Individuals with certain skin conditions, such as acne or folliculitis, may be predisposed to developing epidermoid cysts. These conditions can lead to cyst formation by causing inflammation and blockage of hair follicles or sebaceous glands. It is essential to understand that epidermoid cysts are not contagious and are not caused by infection or cancer. They are usually harmless and have nothing to do with poor hygiene or cleanliness. However, if an epidermoid cyst becomes infected, it can cause serious complications.
  • #78 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center
    https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/Encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=85&contentid=P00273
    Epidermoid cysts are typically harmless, slow-growing bumps under the skin. […] Most epidermoid cysts are caused when skin (epidermal) cells move under the skin surface, or are covered over by it instead of shedding. These cells continue to multiply, like skin does normally. […] This may be developmental. But it often happens because of an injury to the skin. […] A cyst occurs when an opening becomes blocked or the site becomes inflamed. This often occurs when there is damage to the hair follicles by a scrape or wound. […] There is no known way to prevent epidermoid cysts.
  • #79 Epidermoid cyst Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
    https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/epidermoid-cyst.html
    An epidermoid, or epidermal, cyst is a small, movable lump under the skin. It forms when surface skin cells move deeper into the skin and multiply. These cells form the wall of the cyst and secrete a soft, yellowish substance called keratin, which fills the cyst. […] There is no way to prevent epidermoid cysts.
  • #80 Understanding Epidermoid Cyst
    https://mountnittanyib.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Bedside/3,90723
    In most cases, epidermoid cysts occur for no known reason in any gender at any age, though they are more often seen in adults. […] Sometimes an epidermoid cyst may occur because of skin trauma, irritation of the skin or hair follicle, chronic sun damage, or genetics.
  • #81 Epidermoid and Pilar Cysts (Sebaceous Cysts): Causes and Removal
    https://patient.info/skin-conditions/epidermoid-and-pilar-cysts-sebaceous-cysts-leaflet
    Epidermoid and pilar cysts are commonly referred to as 'sebaceous cysts’ (pronounced 'seb-ay-shuss’). They are overgrowths of skin cells (called keratin) held together in a little capsule, or sac. […] These cysts are often called sebaceous cysts but this term is no longer correct, as the origin of these cysts is not from the sebaceous glands in the skin, as was once thought. […] It seems that some cells that are normally near to the surface of the skin (cells of the epidermis or cells in hair follicles) get into deeper parts of the skin and continue to multiply. The cells that multiply form into a sac and produce the keratin that they would normally make on the top layer of the skin. The keratin becomes soggy and forms into a cheese-like substance and a cyst can occur. […] Usually epidermoid cysts pop up for no particular reason: there is nothing you can do to prevent them. They are not related to cleanliness, nor will exfoliating stop them occurring. […] Pilar cysts on the scalp can be hereditary and run in families, although this is rare. […] Rarely, epidermoid cysts can occur due to genetic disorders. A genetic condition might be present if someone has a lot of epidermoid cysts in unusual locations (like on the fingers and toes).
  • #82 Epidermoid Cysts of the Skin | Cedars-Sinai
    https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/e/epidermoid-cysts-of-the-skin.html
    Epidermoid cysts are sometimes called epidermal cysts. […] Most epidermoid cysts are caused when skin (epidermal) cells move under the skin surface, or are covered over by it instead of shedding. These cells continue to multiply, like skin does normally. […] This may be developmental. But it often happens because of an injury to the skin. […] A cyst occurs when an opening becomes blocked or the site becomes inflamed. This often occurs when there is damage to the hair follicles by a scrape or wound.
  • #83 Epidermal Cysts: Common Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
    https://skinhealthsg.com.sg/blog/epidermal-cysts-common-causes-symptoms-and-treatments/
    Epidermal cysts, also known as epidermoid cysts or sebaceous cysts, are non-cancerous growths that develop beneath the skins surface. […] The exact cause of epidermal cysts is not always clear, but several factors can contribute to their formation: […] Epidermal cysts may develop from hair follicles that become blocked, preventing the natural shedding of skin cells and keratin. […] Trauma or injury to the skin, such as a cut or puncture wound, may cause implantation of epidermal cells (skin cells) into the deeper layers of the skin, resulting in cyst formation. […] Some individuals may be predisposed to developing epidermal cysts due to genetic factors or inherited conditions. […] Excessive sun exposure can result in degradation of the skin and formation of multiple small cysts on the face. […] Epidermal cysts are common benign growths that develop beneath the skins surface, often as a result of blocked hair follicles or trauma to the skin.
  • #84 Epidermoid cyst: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
    https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/epidermoid-cyst
    Epidermoid cysts usually occur when there is a blockage of the hair follicle, which causes a cyst to form. As a result, they are common in people who experience acne, as they tend to have more blocked pores. […] An epidermoid cyst may also form at the site of injury to the body. […] Epidermoid cysts are harmless growths that occur due to a blocked hair follicle. They contain a soft, cheese-like substance known as keratin.
  • #85 Epidermoid Cyst – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499974/
    Epidermoid cysts, also known as a sebaceous cysts, are encapsulated subepidermal nodules filled with keratin. […] The majority of cases are of epidermoid cysts are sporadic. Although epidermoid cysts can be found in autosomal dominant (AD) Gardner syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis) and Gorlin syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome). Epidermoid cysts occurring before puberty in unusual locations and numbers raise the suspicion of a syndrome. In Favre-Racouchot syndrome (nodular elastosis with cysts and comedones) in elderly patients, epidermoid cysts may result from chronic sun damage. Patients on BRAF inhibitors can develop epidermoid cysts of the face. Lately, imiquimod and cyclosporine have been noted to cause epidermal inclusion cysts. […] Epidermoid cysts are derived from the follicular infundibulum. Generally, these cysts are the result of plugging of the follicular orifice. […] Recently ultraviolet (UV) light and infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated as causing epidermoid cysts.
  • #86 Understanding Epidermoid Cyst
    https://mountnittanyib.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Bedside/3,90723
    In most cases, epidermoid cysts occur for no known reason in any gender at any age, though they are more often seen in adults. […] Sometimes an epidermoid cyst may occur because of skin trauma, irritation of the skin or hair follicle, chronic sun damage, or genetics.
  • #87 Skin cyst
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/skin-cyst/
    Anyone can get a skin cyst and it’s not always known what causes them. […] You may be more likely to get a skin cyst if: a family member also has cysts (particularly pilar cysts), you’re an adult, particularly in middle age, you’re a woman, you have acne, you have a rare condition, such as familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome. […] Skin cysts are not cancerous and you cannot get them from someone who has one.
  • #88 Epidermoid cysts – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epidermoid-cysts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352701
    Epidermoid cysts occur most often on the face, neck and trunk. […] Epidermoid cysts are slow growing and often painless, so they rarely cause problems or need treatment. […] The surface of the skin, also called the epidermis, is made up of a thin, protective layer of cells that the body sheds nonstop. Most epidermoid cysts form when these cells move deeper into the skin rather than shed. Sometimes this type of cyst forms due to irritation or injury of the skin or a hair follicle. […] Epidermal cells form the walls of the cyst and then secrete the protein keratin into it. Keratin is the thick, cheesy substance that can leak from the cyst.
  • #89 Causes and Symptoms of Epidermoid Cyst – Bimaristan
    https://bi-maristan.com/en/plastic-reconstructive/epidermoid-cyst/
    The epidermoid cyst is one of the most common types of dermoid cysts. […] It has been found that about 1% of dermoid cysts can transform into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). […] These cysts can occur for various reasons, including: […] There may not always be a clear reason for the formation of an epidermoid cyst. […] Studies have shown that approximately 1% of sebaceous cysts may develop into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
  • #90 Epidermoid cyst – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermoid_cyst
    An epidermoid cyst or epidermal inclusion cyst is a benign cyst usually found on the skin. The cyst develops out of ectodermal tissue. Histologically, it is made of a thin layer of squamous epithelium. […] Although they are not malignant, there are rare cases of malignant tumors arising from an epidermoid cyst. Epidermal inclusion cysts account for approximately 85-95% of all excised cysts; malignant transformation is exceedingly rare. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma developing from an epidermal inclusion cyst has been estimated to range from 0.011 to 0.045%. […] Epidermoid cysts may be classified as a sebaceous cyst, although technically speaking it is not sebaceous. „True” sebaceous cysts, cysts which originate from sebaceous glands and which contain sebum, are relatively rare and are known as steatocystoma simplex or, if multiple, as steatocystoma multiplex. Medical professionals have suggested that the term sebaceous cyst be avoided since it can be misleading.