Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Oesophageal cancer: risks, prevention, and diagnosis | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4373

  Oesophageal cancer is currently the sixth commonest source of cancer-associated death across the world: 572034 new cases and 508585 mortalities were reported in 2018.1 Global disease incidence has increased significantly in the past four decades.23 Recent data from the World Health Organization suggest that age-standardised incidence is higher across eastern Asia than any other region, but the UK continues to harbour the highest incidence among individual countries.1 […] Over the past decade, the increased uptake of early referral schemes across the UK, North America, and Western Europe has improved detection of early stage, curable disease.567 Coupled with novel endoscopic therapies and perioperative treatment strategies, overall survival rates have also improved.8 […] This review aims to guide generalists through the referral and early diagnosis processes of oesophageal cancer, as well as highlighting risk and current preventive strategies.

• #2 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8125297/

  In the last decades, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence and prevalence of esophageal cancer in many countries around the world. […] Although several important risk factors have been identified, strong evidence-based preventive strategies are still lacking, and the prognosis of patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer remains poor, with an average survival rate of 5 years for only 20%. […] This review provides a summary of the epidemiological features and risk factors associated with these tumors. Moreover, a major focus is posed on reporting and highlighting the various preventing strategies proposed by the most important international scientific societies, particularly in high-risk populations, with the final aim of detecting these lesions as early as possible and therefore favoring their definite cure.

• #3 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  In the last decades, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence and prevalence of esophageal cancer in many countries around the world. […] Although several important risk factors have been identified, strong evidence-based preventive strategies are still lacking, and the prognosis of patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer remains poor, with an average survival rate of 5 years for only 20%. […] This review is an attempt to summarize the epidemiology and risk factors of EC and to highlight the unresolved aspects of current prevention strategies in order to plan more fruitful future initiatives aimed at ameliorating the disappointing prognosis of this kind of digestive tumor. […] This review provides a summary of the epidemiological features and risk factors associated with these tumors. Moreover, a major focus is posed on reporting and highlighting the various preventing strategies proposed by the most important international scientific societies, particularly in high-risk populations, with the final aim of detecting these lesions as early as possible and therefore favoring their definite cure.

• #4 Evolving Therapeutic Strategies in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Advances and Perspectives

  https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/view.html?pn=current_issue&uid=951&vmd=Full

  Esophageal cancer is generally classified into two main histological subtypes: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). […] Lifestyle-related factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, malnutrition, anemia, and chronic inflammation have been identified as major risk factors for ESCC, contributing to its rising incidence in recent years. […] Preventive agents – Aspirin, NSAIDs and statins: high-risk populations (e.g., chronic esophagitis, Barretts esophagus), patients with dyslipidemia or metabolic syndromes – Reduces inflammation and carcinogenesis risk (e.g., COX-2 inhibition with aspirin) – May lower cancer incidence (e.g., statins suppress proliferation). […] Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has emerged as an effective treatment for locally advanced ESCC, with evidence suggesting it can reduce tumor size and improve surgical outcomes. […] Continued advancements in research and the development of precision medicine are expected to further enhance and individualize the management of ESCC.

• #5

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/esophageal-cancer/prevention.php

  There are two main types of esophageal cancer, both of which can be prevented. […] This is why its so important to prevent esophageal cancer. The first step is understanding what causes esophageal cancer. […] Because many esophageal cancers are preventable, it is possible to reduce your risk through lifestyle changes. Based on Winship-led research, along with findings from other NCI-designated cancer centers, NCI recommends the following esophageal cancer prevention guidelines: Not using any tobacco products, Not consuming alcohol, Maintaining a body mass index below 25, Being physically active every day, Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low in processed meats, Seeking treatment for reflux disease and Barrett esophagus. […] That is why Winship is committed to research that will let us better understand the root causes of esophageal cancer and discover new ways to prevent it.

• #6 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  In the last decades, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence and prevalence of esophageal cancer in many countries around the world. […] Although several important risk factors have been identified, strong evidence-based preventive strategies are still lacking, and the prognosis of patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer remains poor, with an average survival rate of 5 years for only 20%. […] This review is an attempt to summarize the epidemiology and risk factors of EC and to highlight the unresolved aspects of current prevention strategies in order to plan more fruitful future initiatives aimed at ameliorating the disappointing prognosis of this kind of digestive tumor. […] This review provides a summary of the epidemiological features and risk factors associated with these tumors. Moreover, a major focus is posed on reporting and highlighting the various preventing strategies proposed by the most important international scientific societies, particularly in high-risk populations, with the final aim of detecting these lesions as early as possible and therefore favoring their definite cure.

• #7 Oesophageal cancer awareness month: 4 articles on the latest in prevention and treatmentfacebook icontwitter iconlinkedin iconfacebook icontwitter iconinstagram iconlinkedin iconyoutube iconfundraising regulator icon

  https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2024/02/09/oesophageal-cancer-awareness-month-prevention-diagnosis-treatment/

  The oesophagus, also known as the gullet or food pipe, is the tube that carries food from your mouth down to your stomach. […] Oesophageal cancer is the 14th most common cancer in the UK, accounting for around 2% of all new cancer cases. […] Only around 12% of people in the UK survive oesophageal cancer for 10 years or more. […] But there can be an opportunity to detect the disease earlier. In fact, around 59% of all UK oesophageal cancers are preventable. […] Some people develop a condition called Barrett’s oesophagus before developing oesophageal cancer. […] The trials we’ve already funded have shown that the capsule sponge test is safe and accurate. […] If the BEST4 trial is successful, the capsule sponge could become a national screening programme across the NHS. […] These patients’ contributions are helping make things better for everyone with oesophageal cancer.

• #8 Establishing risk factors for oesophageal cancer to inform prevention | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/research-policy/our-research/grants-database/establishing-risk-factors-for-oesophageal-cancer-to-inform-prevention/

  Establishing risk factors for oesophageal cancer to inform prevention […] Its estimated that about 70% of the oesophagus cancers could be prevented by improving lifestyle including nutrition and body size. […] This project brings together the worlds highest-quality data available and expert researchers to generate the clear evidence required to inform policies to prevent oesophagus cancers. We estimate the study findings may help prevent nearly two-thirds of these cancers worldwide. […] Piet van den Brandts research concluded that eating a Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of lung, postmenopausal breast, oesophagus (squamous cell carcinoma in men), and stomach cancers.

• #9 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  The cytosponge is coupled with TFF3, an immunohistochemical biomarker for Barrett’s epithelium within a capsule attached to a string that must be swallowed and, when gelatin dissolves inside the stomach, the sponge is pulled up along the esophagus for cell collection. […] The main lifestyle and clinical factors known to influence the development of esophageal cancer and the related international recommendations are reported in Table 2. […] The estimated incidence of EAC in patients with BE is approximately 0.1–0.5% per year. […] The risk is higher in patients with BE with low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) dysplasia, which degenerates into EAC in 1–10% per year and 40% per year, respectively. […] The clinical guidelines reported above recommend that patients with BE should receive once-daily PPI therapy.

• #10 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  A multicenter prospective cohort study demonstrated that PPI use was associated with a 75% reduction in the risk of neoplastic progression in patients with BE. […] In conclusion, the primary means of prevention for EAC and ESCC is to identify the risk factors and, if present, eliminate them. […] The secondary prevention consists of the detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions when curative endoscopic treatment is still possible. […] In particular, we believe that in the future, screening programs for ESCC in high-risk patients and surveillance programs in patients with ESCC that has already been treated need to be defined.

• #11 Preventing Esophageal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Cancer of the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food to the stomach, is largely preventable. […] NYU Langone doctors recommend several actions you can take to reduce the likelihood of getting esophageal cancer. […] Smoking increases the risk of esophageal cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma. If you smoke, doctors strongly urge you to quit. […] Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer. […] If you have gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, in which acidic stomach contents rise into the esophagus two or more times a week, you have a slightly increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] If you are overweight or obese, talk with your doctor or a dietitian about the best way to slim down. […] Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may help you lose weight. Such a diet can also help reduce your risk of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

• #12 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-prevention-pdq

  Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent cancer. […] The following risk factors increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: Smoking and alcohol use. […] The following protective factors may decrease the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: Avoiding tobacco and alcohol use, Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. […] The following risk factors increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Gastric reflux. […] The following protective factors may decrease the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Radiofrequency ablation of the esophagus. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent esophageal cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #13 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-prevention-pdq

  Avoiding cancer risk factors may help prevent certain cancers. Risk factors include smoking, having overweight, and not getting enough exercise. Increasing protective factors such as quitting smoking and exercising may also help prevent some cancers. […] Studies have shown that the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is increased in people who smoke or drink a lot. […] Studies have shown that the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is lower in people who do not use tobacco and alcohol. […] Some studies have shown that the use of NSAIDs may lower the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. […] Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is strongly linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), especially when the GERD lasts a long time and severe symptoms occur daily.

• #14 Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Risk Factors

  https://www.johnmuirhealth.com/services/cancer-services/what-we-treat/esophageal-cancer-services/esophageal-cancer-prevention.html

  While there is not a standard screening test for esophageal cancer and the exact cause may not be fully understood, there are certain modifiable and non-modifiable risks factors and esophageal conditions that are associated with a higher incidence of diagnosis of esophageal cancer. […] The most common risks factors include: […] Tobacco and alcohol use: Use of tobacco in any form can increase your risk of developing esophageal cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. The same is true of heavy use of alcohol over a long period of time. […] Barretts esophagus: This condition happens when long-term reflux of acid from the stomach into the esophagus causes precancerous changes in the cells of the esophagus. A diagnosis of Barretts esophagus increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

• #15 Preventing Esophageal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Cancer of the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food to the stomach, is largely preventable. […] NYU Langone doctors recommend several actions you can take to reduce the likelihood of getting esophageal cancer. […] Smoking increases the risk of esophageal cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma. If you smoke, doctors strongly urge you to quit. […] Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer. […] If you have gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, in which acidic stomach contents rise into the esophagus two or more times a week, you have a slightly increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] If you are overweight or obese, talk with your doctor or a dietitian about the best way to slim down. […] Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may help you lose weight. Such a diet can also help reduce your risk of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

• #16 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer by doing the following. […] The best way to lower your risk for esophageal cancer is to avoid all forms of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes and smokeless tobacco. […] Quitting reduces your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Drinking alcohol increases your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] To reduce your cancer risk, it’s best not to drink alcohol. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, keep your cancer risk as low as possible by having no more than 2 standard drinks a week. […] Not chewing betel quid or areca nut lowers your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Research shows that being overweight or obese increases your risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. […] You can lower your risk by having a healthy body weight.

• #17 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/hp/esophageal-prevention-pdq

  Smoking and drinking alcohol may account for roughly 90% of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases in Western countries like the United States. […] Based on solid evidence, avoidance of tobacco and alcohol would decrease the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying of esophageal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.470.71). […] Based on solid evidence, harms of NSAID use include upper gastrointestinal bleeding and serious cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, hemorrhagic stroke, and renal impairment. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying from esophageal cancer (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.470.71).

• #18 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.esophageal-cancer-prevention-pdq%C2%AE-prevention-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000062880

  Smoking and drinking alcohol may account for roughly 90% of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases in Western countries like the United States. […] Based on solid evidence, avoidance of tobacco and alcohol would decrease the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying from esophageal cancer. […] Based on fair evidence, an association exists between GERD and adenocarcinoma, particularly if the GERD is long-standing and symptoms are severe. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying from esophageal cancer. […] A randomized controlled trial has found that radiofrequency ablation of Barrett esophagus with severe dysplasia may lead to eradication of both dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia and a reduced risk of disease progression. […] This study suggests that the treatment of patients with Barrett esophagus and dysplasia may ablate Barrett esophagus and prevent disease progression.

• #19 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  Drinking very hot beverages, such as hot coffee, tea and mat, increases your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Diets that are high in processed meats may increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. […] There is some evidence that eating a healthy diet that includes lots of vegetables and fruit may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Studies have shown that physical activity may lower the risk of esophageal cancer. […] If you are at higher than average risk, you may need to visit your doctor more often to check for esophageal cancer.

• #20 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8125297/

  In order to achieve a major improvement in the prognosis of EC, preventive measures have been investigated, developed, and are highly warranted. […] The identification of risk factors is an important first step for primary prevention. […] The major risk factors for EAC include symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barretts esophagus, visceral abdominal obesity, tobacco use, assumption of drugs that relax the lower esophageal sphincter, as well as diet with a low intake of vegetables and fruit and rich in processed meat. […] It is of fundamental importance to identify high-risk groups for ESCC and EAC in order to detect premalignant lesions early and offer them adequate monitoring. […] The cytosponge is coupled with TFF3, an immunohistochemical biomarker for Barretts epithelium within a capsule attached to a string that must be swallowed and, when gelatin dissolves inside the stomach, the sponge is pulled up along the esophagus for cell collection.

• #21 Esophageal cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancer

  Prevention includes stopping smoking and eating a healthy diet. […] Overcoming addiction to areca chewing in Asia is another promising strategy for the prevention of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. […] The risk can also be reduced by maintaining a normal body weight. […] According to the National Cancer Institute, „diets high in cruciferous (cabbage, broccoli/broccolini, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts) and green and yellow vegetables and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer.” […] Dietary fiber is thought to be protective, especially against esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] There is no evidence that vitamin supplements change the risk.

• #22 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer by doing the following. […] The best way to lower your risk for esophageal cancer is to avoid all forms of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes and smokeless tobacco. […] Quitting reduces your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Drinking alcohol increases your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] To reduce your cancer risk, it’s best not to drink alcohol. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, keep your cancer risk as low as possible by having no more than 2 standard drinks a week. […] Not chewing betel quid or areca nut lowers your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Research shows that being overweight or obese increases your risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. […] You can lower your risk by having a healthy body weight.

• #23 Preventing Esophageal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Cancer of the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food to the stomach, is largely preventable. […] NYU Langone doctors recommend several actions you can take to reduce the likelihood of getting esophageal cancer. […] Smoking increases the risk of esophageal cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma. If you smoke, doctors strongly urge you to quit. […] Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer. […] If you have gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, in which acidic stomach contents rise into the esophagus two or more times a week, you have a slightly increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] If you are overweight or obese, talk with your doctor or a dietitian about the best way to slim down. […] Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may help you lose weight. Such a diet can also help reduce your risk of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

• #24 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8125297/

  In order to achieve a major improvement in the prognosis of EC, preventive measures have been investigated, developed, and are highly warranted. […] The identification of risk factors is an important first step for primary prevention. […] The major risk factors for EAC include symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barretts esophagus, visceral abdominal obesity, tobacco use, assumption of drugs that relax the lower esophageal sphincter, as well as diet with a low intake of vegetables and fruit and rich in processed meat. […] It is of fundamental importance to identify high-risk groups for ESCC and EAC in order to detect premalignant lesions early and offer them adequate monitoring. […] The cytosponge is coupled with TFF3, an immunohistochemical biomarker for Barretts epithelium within a capsule attached to a string that must be swallowed and, when gelatin dissolves inside the stomach, the sponge is pulled up along the esophagus for cell collection.

• #25 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  Drinking very hot beverages, such as hot coffee, tea and mat, increases your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Diets that are high in processed meats may increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. […] There is some evidence that eating a healthy diet that includes lots of vegetables and fruit may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Studies have shown that physical activity may lower the risk of esophageal cancer. […] If you are at higher than average risk, you may need to visit your doctor more often to check for esophageal cancer.

• #26 Causes of oesophageal cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/oesophageal-cancer/causes/

  You cannot always prevent oesophageal cancer. But making healthy changes can lower your chances of getting it. […] try to lose weight if you’re overweight […] let hot drinks cool down a bit before drinking, so they do not damage your oesophagus […] try to cut down on alcohol avoid drinking more than 14 units a week […] try to quit smoking.

• #27 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer by doing the following. […] The best way to lower your risk for esophageal cancer is to avoid all forms of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes and smokeless tobacco. […] Quitting reduces your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Drinking alcohol increases your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] To reduce your cancer risk, it’s best not to drink alcohol. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, keep your cancer risk as low as possible by having no more than 2 standard drinks a week. […] Not chewing betel quid or areca nut lowers your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Research shows that being overweight or obese increases your risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. […] You can lower your risk by having a healthy body weight.

• #28 Esophageal cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancer

  Prevention includes stopping smoking and eating a healthy diet. […] Overcoming addiction to areca chewing in Asia is another promising strategy for the prevention of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. […] The risk can also be reduced by maintaining a normal body weight. […] According to the National Cancer Institute, „diets high in cruciferous (cabbage, broccoli/broccolini, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts) and green and yellow vegetables and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer.” […] Dietary fiber is thought to be protective, especially against esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] There is no evidence that vitamin supplements change the risk.

• #29 Preventing Esophageal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Cancer of the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food to the stomach, is largely preventable. […] NYU Langone doctors recommend several actions you can take to reduce the likelihood of getting esophageal cancer. […] Smoking increases the risk of esophageal cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma. If you smoke, doctors strongly urge you to quit. […] Heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer. […] If you have gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, in which acidic stomach contents rise into the esophagus two or more times a week, you have a slightly increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] If you are overweight or obese, talk with your doctor or a dietitian about the best way to slim down. […] Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may help you lose weight. Such a diet can also help reduce your risk of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

• #30 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-prevention-pdq

  Avoiding cancer risk factors may help prevent certain cancers. Risk factors include smoking, having overweight, and not getting enough exercise. Increasing protective factors such as quitting smoking and exercising may also help prevent some cancers. […] Studies have shown that the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is increased in people who smoke or drink a lot. […] Studies have shown that the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is lower in people who do not use tobacco and alcohol. […] Some studies have shown that the use of NSAIDs may lower the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. […] Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is strongly linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), especially when the GERD lasts a long time and severe symptoms occur daily.

• #31 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.esophageal-cancer-prevention-pdq%C2%AE-prevention-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000062880

  Smoking and drinking alcohol may account for roughly 90% of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases in Western countries like the United States. […] Based on solid evidence, avoidance of tobacco and alcohol would decrease the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying from esophageal cancer. […] Based on fair evidence, an association exists between GERD and adenocarcinoma, particularly if the GERD is long-standing and symptoms are severe. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying from esophageal cancer. […] A randomized controlled trial has found that radiofrequency ablation of Barrett esophagus with severe dysplasia may lead to eradication of both dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia and a reduced risk of disease progression. […] This study suggests that the treatment of patients with Barrett esophagus and dysplasia may ablate Barrett esophagus and prevent disease progression.

• #32 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Patient Information [NCI]

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=ncicdr0000062888

  Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Chemoprevention is the use of drugs, vitamins, or other substances to help lower a person’s risk of developing cancer. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include aspirin and other drugs that reduce swelling and pain. […] The following risk factors increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Gastric reflux. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is strongly linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), especially when the GERD lasts a long time and severe symptoms occur daily. […] The following protective factors may decrease the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. […] Radiofrequency ablation of the esophagus. Patients with Barrett esophagus who have abnormal cells in the lower esophagus may be treated with radiofrequency ablation. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent esophageal cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #33 Chemoprevention of Oesophageal Cancer and the AspECT Trial | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-69297-3_15

  Oesophageal cancer is on the rise and often present in an advanced state. […] With the unravelling of molecular biology of carcino-genesis in the oesophagus, there is a need for a paradigm shift from cancer treatment to prevention. […] Barrett’s oesophagus is the commonest pre-malignant condition for development of oesophageal adenocarcinomas and is eminently suitable for the study of chemoprevention strategies. […] Now in its third year, the AspECT trial is the biggest, multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial looking at the long-term chemoprevention effect of esomeprazole with or without aspirin. […] More than 85% of the participants tolerated the medications at the initial intended doses, and the drop-out rate has been 7%; the interim analysis is due in 2011.

• #34 Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Risk Factors

  https://www.johnmuirhealth.com/services/cancer-services/what-we-treat/esophageal-cancer-services/esophageal-cancer-prevention.html

  While there is not a standard screening test for esophageal cancer and the exact cause may not be fully understood, there are certain modifiable and non-modifiable risks factors and esophageal conditions that are associated with a higher incidence of diagnosis of esophageal cancer. […] The most common risks factors include: […] Tobacco and alcohol use: Use of tobacco in any form can increase your risk of developing esophageal cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. The same is true of heavy use of alcohol over a long period of time. […] Barretts esophagus: This condition happens when long-term reflux of acid from the stomach into the esophagus causes precancerous changes in the cells of the esophagus. A diagnosis of Barretts esophagus increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

• #35 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  The cytosponge is coupled with TFF3, an immunohistochemical biomarker for Barrett’s epithelium within a capsule attached to a string that must be swallowed and, when gelatin dissolves inside the stomach, the sponge is pulled up along the esophagus for cell collection. […] The main lifestyle and clinical factors known to influence the development of esophageal cancer and the related international recommendations are reported in Table 2. […] The estimated incidence of EAC in patients with BE is approximately 0.1–0.5% per year. […] The risk is higher in patients with BE with low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) dysplasia, which degenerates into EAC in 1–10% per year and 40% per year, respectively. […] The clinical guidelines reported above recommend that patients with BE should receive once-daily PPI therapy.

• #36 Preventing Esophageal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Infection with certain types of human papillomavirus, or HPV, a common sexually transmitted disease, can increase your chance of developing squamous cell cancer. […] Achalasia is a rare disorder in which the muscles in the lower esophagus that are required to move food into your stomach gradually stop contracting. […] People with achalasia have an increased long-term risk of developing esophageal cancer.

• #37 Achalasia and cancer prevention and surveillance – Del Grande – Annals of Esophagus

  https://aoe.amegroups.org/article/view/5391/html

  Achalasia is a recognized risk factor for EC, for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. […] The patient must be informed about the risk of EC especially after 10 years, even treated. […] The treatment of achalasia with methods that increase risk of reflux (botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilation and per oral endoscopic myotomy) should be considered as a risk factor for adenocarcinoma. […] Surveillance may be considered in patients with more than 10 years of disease, especially if associated with other risk factors.

• #38 Achalasia and cancer prevention and surveillance – Del Grande – Annals of Esophagus

  https://aoe.amegroups.org/article/view/5391/html

  Achalasia is a recognized risk factor for EC, for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. […] The patient must be informed about the risk of EC especially after 10 years, even treated. […] The treatment of achalasia with methods that increase risk of reflux (botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilation and per oral endoscopic myotomy) should be considered as a risk factor for adenocarcinoma. […] Surveillance may be considered in patients with more than 10 years of disease, especially if associated with other risk factors.

• #39 Preventing Esophageal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Infection with certain types of human papillomavirus, or HPV, a common sexually transmitted disease, can increase your chance of developing squamous cell cancer. […] Achalasia is a rare disorder in which the muscles in the lower esophagus that are required to move food into your stomach gradually stop contracting. […] People with achalasia have an increased long-term risk of developing esophageal cancer.

• #40 Esophageal Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6137-esophageal-cancer

  You may be able to reduce your risk by eating well so youre at a weight thats right for you and that you can maintain. You may also reduce your risk by avoiding activities such as using tobacco, frequently drinking lots of alcohol or working around certain solvents. Having an HPV infection is a risk factor for esophageal cancer. Ask your healthcare provider if you should receive the HPV vaccine. […] There isnt a recommended way to screen for esophageal cancer. But if you have Barretts esophagus or certain other conditions, your healthcare provider may recommend screening. Your healthcare provider may do an EGD to do this screening. If your healthcare provider recommends screening, theyll let you know how often you should have screening.

• #41 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  A multicenter prospective cohort study demonstrated that PPI use was associated with a 75% reduction in the risk of neoplastic progression in patients with BE. […] In conclusion, the primary means of prevention for EAC and ESCC is to identify the risk factors and, if present, eliminate them. […] The secondary prevention consists of the detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions when curative endoscopic treatment is still possible. […] In particular, we believe that in the future, screening programs for ESCC in high-risk patients and surveillance programs in patients with ESCC that has already been treated need to be defined.

• #42 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer by doing the following. […] The best way to lower your risk for esophageal cancer is to avoid all forms of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes and smokeless tobacco. […] Quitting reduces your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Drinking alcohol increases your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] To reduce your cancer risk, it’s best not to drink alcohol. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, keep your cancer risk as low as possible by having no more than 2 standard drinks a week. […] Not chewing betel quid or areca nut lowers your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Research shows that being overweight or obese increases your risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. […] You can lower your risk by having a healthy body weight.

• #43 Oesophageal cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/oesophageal-cancer/

  Oesophageal cancer is the 12th most common cancer in the UK (2021 data), and the 11th most common in the world (2022 data). […] Following our Cancer Prevention Recommendations reduces your risk of oesophageal cancer. If you have been diagnosed with cancer, following our Recommendations can reduce the risk of cancer returning. […] You can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer by not smoking. If you do smoke, giving up smoking will reduce your risk. […] Drinking alcohol increases the risk of oesophageal cancer and other cancers. To reduce your risk of cancer, we recommend not drinking alcohol at all. […] Reaching and staying at a healthy weight can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer, many other cancers, and other diseases.

• #44 Prevention and Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/esophageal/risk-factors

  A variety of physical, lifestyle, and environmental factors can make some people more likely to develop esophageal cancer than others. Although there is no sure way to prevent esophageal cancer, there are things you can do to reduce your risk. […] We recommend keeping these healthy habits. […] Quit smoking. It is a known risk factor for esophageal cancer and other cancers. […] Stop drinking alcohol or try to cut back. […] Consult a doctor if you experience persistent heartburn, which may be a sign of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Exercise regularly and avoid becoming overweight. […] Consider the risk factors and regular screening for conditions that can lead to certain types of esophageal cancer. […] Studies have shown that having severe GERD over the course of many years increases the chance of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

• #45 Esophageal cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20356084

  If your weight is healthy, work to maintain that weight. If you need to lose weight, ask a healthcare professional about healthy ways to lower your weight. Eat fewer calories and slowly increase the amount of exercise. […] Talk to your healthcare team about strategies and aids that can help you quit. Options include nicotine replacement products, medicines and support groups. If you’ve never smoked, don’t start.

• #46 Oesophageal cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/oesophageal-cancer/

  Oesophageal cancer is the 12th most common cancer in the UK (2021 data), and the 11th most common in the world (2022 data). […] Following our Cancer Prevention Recommendations reduces your risk of oesophageal cancer. If you have been diagnosed with cancer, following our Recommendations can reduce the risk of cancer returning. […] You can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer by not smoking. If you do smoke, giving up smoking will reduce your risk. […] Drinking alcohol increases the risk of oesophageal cancer and other cancers. To reduce your risk of cancer, we recommend not drinking alcohol at all. […] Reaching and staying at a healthy weight can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer, many other cancers, and other diseases.

• #47 Esophageal cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20356084

  There’s no sure way to prevent esophageal cancer, but you can reduce your risk if you: […] Screening for esophageal cancer may be an option for people with Barrett esophagus. Barrett esophagus is a precancerous condition caused by chronic acid reflux. It increases the risk of esophageal cancer. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, do so in moderation. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men. […] Choose a healthy diet with a variety of fruits and vegetables. Food sources of vitamins and nutrients are best. Avoid taking large doses of vitamins in pill form, as they may be harmful. […] Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days of the week. If you haven’t been active lately, ask your healthcare professional whether it’s OK and start slowly.

• #48 What Causes Esophageal Cancer, Is It Hereditary & Risk Factors

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/esophageal-cancer/risk-factors

  Esophageal cancer prevention […] While its not possible to completely prevent esophageal cancer, there are ways to greatly reduce the risk. Doctors suggest starting with these lifestyle changes: […] Avoid all forms of tobacco use (cigarettes, pipes, cigars, vapes, chewing tobacco). […] Avoid alcohol or use alcohol in moderation. Dont combine smoking and alcohol. […] Inform doctors about heartburn, chest pain or difficulty swallowing. […] Diagnose and treat Barretts esophagus. […] Maintain a healthy weight. […] Eat a diet high in nutrients from fresh vegetables and fruits (these nutrients may be protective for many cancers). […] Avoid processed meats. […] Exercise regularly. Some studies suggest that people who exercise regularly may have a reduced risk for adenocarcinoma.

• #49 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  Drinking very hot beverages, such as hot coffee, tea and mat, increases your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Diets that are high in processed meats may increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. […] There is some evidence that eating a healthy diet that includes lots of vegetables and fruit may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Studies have shown that physical activity may lower the risk of esophageal cancer. […] If you are at higher than average risk, you may need to visit your doctor more often to check for esophageal cancer.

• #50 Esophageal cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20356084

  There’s no sure way to prevent esophageal cancer, but you can reduce your risk if you: […] Screening for esophageal cancer may be an option for people with Barrett esophagus. Barrett esophagus is a precancerous condition caused by chronic acid reflux. It increases the risk of esophageal cancer. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, do so in moderation. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men. […] Choose a healthy diet with a variety of fruits and vegetables. Food sources of vitamins and nutrients are best. Avoid taking large doses of vitamins in pill form, as they may be harmful. […] Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days of the week. If you haven’t been active lately, ask your healthcare professional whether it’s OK and start slowly.

• #51 Esophageal cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancer

  Prevention includes stopping smoking and eating a healthy diet. […] Overcoming addiction to areca chewing in Asia is another promising strategy for the prevention of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. […] The risk can also be reduced by maintaining a normal body weight. […] According to the National Cancer Institute, „diets high in cruciferous (cabbage, broccoli/broccolini, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts) and green and yellow vegetables and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer.” […] Dietary fiber is thought to be protective, especially against esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] There is no evidence that vitamin supplements change the risk.

• #52 Esophageal cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancer

  Prevention includes stopping smoking and eating a healthy diet. […] Overcoming addiction to areca chewing in Asia is another promising strategy for the prevention of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. […] The risk can also be reduced by maintaining a normal body weight. […] According to the National Cancer Institute, „diets high in cruciferous (cabbage, broccoli/broccolini, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts) and green and yellow vegetables and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer.” […] Dietary fiber is thought to be protective, especially against esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] There is no evidence that vitamin supplements change the risk.

• #53 Esophageal Cancer Risks and Prevention | Dr Nilesh Chordiya

  https://mumbaicancersurgeons.com/blog/esophageal-cancer-risks-and-prevention/

  Regular monitoring and treatment of Barretts esophagus can help prevent cancer development. […] Adopting a healthy diet is one of the most effective ways to reduce your risk of esophageal cancer. […] These foods help protect against cell damage and reduce the risk of cancer. […] Include high-fiber foods like whole grains, legumes, and fruits with the skin to promote healthy digestion and lower the risk of esophageal cancer. […] Minimize the consumption of processed and packaged foods that are high in unhealthy fats, added sugars, and sodium. […] Limit the intake of red and processed meats, as they have been linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer. […] Quitting smoking is not easy, but it is crucial for your overall health and well-being. […] Limiting or moderating alcohol intake can significantly reduce this risk.

• #54 Oesophageal cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/oesophageal-cancer/

  Oesophageal cancer is the 12th most common cancer in the UK (2021 data), and the 11th most common in the world (2022 data). […] Following our Cancer Prevention Recommendations reduces your risk of oesophageal cancer. If you have been diagnosed with cancer, following our Recommendations can reduce the risk of cancer returning. […] You can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer by not smoking. If you do smoke, giving up smoking will reduce your risk. […] Drinking alcohol increases the risk of oesophageal cancer and other cancers. To reduce your risk of cancer, we recommend not drinking alcohol at all. […] Reaching and staying at a healthy weight can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer, many other cancers, and other diseases.

• #55 Esophageal cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancer

  Prevention includes stopping smoking and eating a healthy diet. […] Overcoming addiction to areca chewing in Asia is another promising strategy for the prevention of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. […] The risk can also be reduced by maintaining a normal body weight. […] According to the National Cancer Institute, „diets high in cruciferous (cabbage, broccoli/broccolini, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts) and green and yellow vegetables and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer.” […] Dietary fiber is thought to be protective, especially against esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] There is no evidence that vitamin supplements change the risk.

• #56 Esophageal Cancer Prevention | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Obesity leads to hiatus hernia and reflux which are in turn responsible for the increasing rates of esophageal cancer. Talk to your family physician about developing a plan to lose weight by eating well and exercising regularly. […] If you have a long history of severe heartburn or acid indigestion, talk to your doctor about Barrett’s esophagus, which increases your risk of developing cancer. Even if your acid reflux symptoms are controlled, you still could be at risk. The only way to diagnose Barrett’s is with an endoscopy and biopsy. Esophageal cancer can be cured, if it is diagnosed early.

• #57 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  Drinking very hot beverages, such as hot coffee, tea and mat, increases your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Diets that are high in processed meats may increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. […] There is some evidence that eating a healthy diet that includes lots of vegetables and fruit may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Studies have shown that physical activity may lower the risk of esophageal cancer. […] If you are at higher than average risk, you may need to visit your doctor more often to check for esophageal cancer.

• #58 Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text

  https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-230X-14-101

  Physical activity has been inversely associated with risk of several cancers. […] Meta-analysis of published observational studies indicates that physical activity may be associated with reduced risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Lifestyle interventions focusing on increasing physical activity may decrease the global burden of EAC. […] For non-tobacco users, diet and physical activity are the most important modifiable determinants of cancer risk. […] The protective effect of physical activity against cancer is possibly mediated by counteracting the adverse carcinogenic effects of obesity, improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing systemic inflammation leading to favorable immunomodulation. […] The analysis was considerably limited due to the conflicting observations from two of the included studies, with one showing a strong inverse association and another showing a strong direct association.

• #59 Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text

  https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-230X-14-101

  Importantly, recreational physical activity, the potentially modifiable component of energy expenditure, was independently associated with reduced risk of esophageal cancer, with a trend towards a doseresponse relationship. […] With the high incidence and poor prognosis associated with esophageal cancer, cost-effective strategies aimed at preventing esophageal cancer are highly desirable. […] This EAC risk modification observed with physical activity is comparable to the 30-40% risk reduction seen with aspirin/NSAID and statin use. […] Hence, EAC risk reduction may be an additional benefit to a myriad of health benefits with being physically active, which include cardiovascular, metabolic and psychological wellbeing.

• #60 Esophageal cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20356084

  There’s no sure way to prevent esophageal cancer, but you can reduce your risk if you: […] Screening for esophageal cancer may be an option for people with Barrett esophagus. Barrett esophagus is a precancerous condition caused by chronic acid reflux. It increases the risk of esophageal cancer. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, do so in moderation. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men. […] Choose a healthy diet with a variety of fruits and vegetables. Food sources of vitamins and nutrients are best. Avoid taking large doses of vitamins in pill form, as they may be harmful. […] Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise on most days of the week. If you haven’t been active lately, ask your healthcare professional whether it’s OK and start slowly.

• #61 Esophageal Cancer Prevention | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Obesity leads to hiatus hernia and reflux which are in turn responsible for the increasing rates of esophageal cancer. Talk to your family physician about developing a plan to lose weight by eating well and exercising regularly. […] If you have a long history of severe heartburn or acid indigestion, talk to your doctor about Barrett’s esophagus, which increases your risk of developing cancer. Even if your acid reflux symptoms are controlled, you still could be at risk. The only way to diagnose Barrett’s is with an endoscopy and biopsy. Esophageal cancer can be cured, if it is diagnosed early.

• #62 Oesophageal Cancer

  https://www.parkwaycancercentre.com/bd/learn-about-cancer/types-of-cancer/cancer-details/esophageal-cancer

  While there is no guaranteed way to prevent oesophageal cancer, there are some measures you can take to reduce your risk: […] Avoid or quit smoking: Smoking increases your risk of oesophageal cancer and many other types of cancers. Quitting smoking can be very hard, so ask your health care provider for help. These might include support groups, medicines and nicotine replacement therapy. […] Limit or avoid alcohol consumption: Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women of all ages and men older than 65 years, and up to two drinks a day for men aged 65 and younger. […] Eat a healthy, balanced diet: A diet with less fat, sugar, red meat and processed foods, and more fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains can help to reduce the risk of many diseases and cancers including oesophageal cancer. […] Maintain a healthy body weight: A healthy diet and regular exercise can help you to keep to a healthy body weight and reduce your risk for many conditions including oesophageal cancer. If you are overweight or obese, talk to your doctor about strategies to help you lose weight in a safe manner. […] Seek treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD): Treating reflux may help prevent Barretts oesophagus and oesophageal cancer. Often, this is done with changes in diet and lifestyle (for example, weight loss for overweight individuals), as well as medications called H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

• #63 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  A multicenter prospective cohort study demonstrated that PPI use was associated with a 75% reduction in the risk of neoplastic progression in patients with BE. […] In conclusion, the primary means of prevention for EAC and ESCC is to identify the risk factors and, if present, eliminate them. […] The secondary prevention consists of the detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions when curative endoscopic treatment is still possible. […] In particular, we believe that in the future, screening programs for ESCC in high-risk patients and surveillance programs in patients with ESCC that has already been treated need to be defined.

• #64 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  The cytosponge is coupled with TFF3, an immunohistochemical biomarker for Barrett’s epithelium within a capsule attached to a string that must be swallowed and, when gelatin dissolves inside the stomach, the sponge is pulled up along the esophagus for cell collection. […] The main lifestyle and clinical factors known to influence the development of esophageal cancer and the related international recommendations are reported in Table 2. […] The estimated incidence of EAC in patients with BE is approximately 0.1–0.5% per year. […] The risk is higher in patients with BE with low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) dysplasia, which degenerates into EAC in 1–10% per year and 40% per year, respectively. […] The clinical guidelines reported above recommend that patients with BE should receive once-daily PPI therapy.

• #65 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/december-2016/esophageal-cancer-prevention/

  G&H  Are proton pump inhibitors effective or recommended for reducing the risk of cancer progression? […] KW  There are several large epidemiologic trials that suggest that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are recommended primarily for control of symptoms, have a protective effect by decreasing the incidence of cancer development. […] G&H  Which patients would most benefit from undergoing screening? […] KW The most recent guidelines published by the American College of Gastroenterology, the American Gastroenterological Association, and the British Society of Gastroenterology advocate selective screening, which had not previously been recommended. […] G&H  How often should patients undergo surveillance endoscopy with biopsies? […] KW  The guidelines usually recommend surveillance endoscopy every 3 to 5 years, with 3 years being the most common interval for patients with nondysplastic Barrett esophagus. […] G&H  What are the priorities for research in this field? […] KW  There are several areas that need to be improved in order for clinicians to control esophageal cancer. One of the top priorities is to develop an effective screening program.

• #66 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Patient Information [NCI]

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=ncicdr0000062888

  Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Chemoprevention is the use of drugs, vitamins, or other substances to help lower a person’s risk of developing cancer. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include aspirin and other drugs that reduce swelling and pain. […] The following risk factors increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Gastric reflux. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is strongly linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), especially when the GERD lasts a long time and severe symptoms occur daily. […] The following protective factors may decrease the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. […] Radiofrequency ablation of the esophagus. Patients with Barrett esophagus who have abnormal cells in the lower esophagus may be treated with radiofrequency ablation. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent esophageal cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #67 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/hp/esophageal-prevention-pdq

  A randomized controlled trial has found that radiofrequency ablation of Barrett esophagus with severe dysplasia may lead to eradication of both dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia and a reduced risk of disease progression. […] Based on solid evidence, harms of radiofrequency ablation include esophageal stricture and requirement for dilatation and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage but at low rates.

• #68 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.esophageal-cancer-prevention-pdq%C2%AE-prevention-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000062880

  Smoking and drinking alcohol may account for roughly 90% of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases in Western countries like the United States. […] Based on solid evidence, avoidance of tobacco and alcohol would decrease the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying from esophageal cancer. […] Based on fair evidence, an association exists between GERD and adenocarcinoma, particularly if the GERD is long-standing and symptoms are severe. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying from esophageal cancer. […] A randomized controlled trial has found that radiofrequency ablation of Barrett esophagus with severe dysplasia may lead to eradication of both dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia and a reduced risk of disease progression. […] This study suggests that the treatment of patients with Barrett esophagus and dysplasia may ablate Barrett esophagus and prevent disease progression.

• #69 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/december-2016/esophageal-cancer-prevention/

  G&H  What procedures are available to reduce or prevent the risk of progression, and how effective are they? […] KWThe standard procedure is currently ablation therapy, in which the Barrett mucosa is destroyed. For high-grade dysplasia, radiofrequency ablation has an efficacy of slightly more than 80% in completely removing the mucosa and regenerating normal tissue. Its efficacy in low-grade dysplasia is approximately 90%. Cryotherapy, which freezes the tissue to destroy abnormal mucosa, has reported similar success rates of 80% to 90% for low- and high-grade dysplasia. […] G&H  What role do aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play in reducing the risk of progression to cancer? […] KW  There is a fair amount of evidence that suggests that aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (eg, COX-2 inhibitors) may decrease inflammation in reflux esophagitis. Epidemiologic studies have reported a reduced risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients on aspirin compared to those who were not.

• #70 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/december-2016/esophageal-cancer-prevention/

  G&H  What procedures are available to reduce or prevent the risk of progression, and how effective are they? […] KWThe standard procedure is currently ablation therapy, in which the Barrett mucosa is destroyed. For high-grade dysplasia, radiofrequency ablation has an efficacy of slightly more than 80% in completely removing the mucosa and regenerating normal tissue. Its efficacy in low-grade dysplasia is approximately 90%. Cryotherapy, which freezes the tissue to destroy abnormal mucosa, has reported similar success rates of 80% to 90% for low- and high-grade dysplasia. […] G&H  What role do aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play in reducing the risk of progression to cancer? […] KW  There is a fair amount of evidence that suggests that aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (eg, COX-2 inhibitors) may decrease inflammation in reflux esophagitis. Epidemiologic studies have reported a reduced risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients on aspirin compared to those who were not.

• #71 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Patient Information [NCI]

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=ncicdr0000062888

  Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Chemoprevention is the use of drugs, vitamins, or other substances to help lower a person’s risk of developing cancer. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include aspirin and other drugs that reduce swelling and pain. […] The following risk factors increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Gastric reflux. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is strongly linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), especially when the GERD lasts a long time and severe symptoms occur daily. […] The following protective factors may decrease the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. […] Radiofrequency ablation of the esophagus. Patients with Barrett esophagus who have abnormal cells in the lower esophagus may be treated with radiofrequency ablation. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent esophageal cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #72 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/hp/esophageal-prevention-pdq

  Smoking and drinking alcohol may account for roughly 90% of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases in Western countries like the United States. […] Based on solid evidence, avoidance of tobacco and alcohol would decrease the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying of esophageal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.470.71). […] Based on solid evidence, harms of NSAID use include upper gastrointestinal bleeding and serious cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, hemorrhagic stroke, and renal impairment. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying from esophageal cancer (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.470.71).

• #73 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.esophageal-cancer-prevention-pdq%C2%AE-prevention-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000062880

  Smoking and drinking alcohol may account for roughly 90% of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases in Western countries like the United States. […] Based on solid evidence, avoidance of tobacco and alcohol would decrease the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying from esophageal cancer. […] Based on fair evidence, an association exists between GERD and adenocarcinoma, particularly if the GERD is long-standing and symptoms are severe. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying from esophageal cancer. […] A randomized controlled trial has found that radiofrequency ablation of Barrett esophagus with severe dysplasia may lead to eradication of both dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia and a reduced risk of disease progression. […] This study suggests that the treatment of patients with Barrett esophagus and dysplasia may ablate Barrett esophagus and prevent disease progression.

• #74 Evolving Therapeutic Strategies in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Advances and Perspectives

  https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/view.html?pn=current_issue&uid=951&vmd=Full

  Esophageal cancer is generally classified into two main histological subtypes: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). […] Lifestyle-related factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, malnutrition, anemia, and chronic inflammation have been identified as major risk factors for ESCC, contributing to its rising incidence in recent years. […] Preventive agents – Aspirin, NSAIDs and statins: high-risk populations (e.g., chronic esophagitis, Barretts esophagus), patients with dyslipidemia or metabolic syndromes – Reduces inflammation and carcinogenesis risk (e.g., COX-2 inhibition with aspirin) – May lower cancer incidence (e.g., statins suppress proliferation). […] Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has emerged as an effective treatment for locally advanced ESCC, with evidence suggesting it can reduce tumor size and improve surgical outcomes. […] Continued advancements in research and the development of precision medicine are expected to further enhance and individualize the management of ESCC.

• #75 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-prevention-pdq

  Avoiding cancer risk factors may help prevent certain cancers. Risk factors include smoking, having overweight, and not getting enough exercise. Increasing protective factors such as quitting smoking and exercising may also help prevent some cancers. […] Studies have shown that the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is increased in people who smoke or drink a lot. […] Studies have shown that the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is lower in people who do not use tobacco and alcohol. […] Some studies have shown that the use of NSAIDs may lower the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. […] Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is strongly linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), especially when the GERD lasts a long time and severe symptoms occur daily.

• #76 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-prevention-pdq

  It is not known if surgery or other medical treatment to stop gastric reflux lowers the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. […] Some studies have shown that the use of NSAIDs may lower the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. […] Patients with Barrett esophagus who have abnormal cells in the lower esophagus may be treated with radiofrequency ablation. […] More studies are needed to know whether radiofrequency ablation decreases the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in patients with these conditions.

• #77 Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text

  https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-230X-14-101

  Importantly, recreational physical activity, the potentially modifiable component of energy expenditure, was independently associated with reduced risk of esophageal cancer, with a trend towards a doseresponse relationship. […] With the high incidence and poor prognosis associated with esophageal cancer, cost-effective strategies aimed at preventing esophageal cancer are highly desirable. […] This EAC risk modification observed with physical activity is comparable to the 30-40% risk reduction seen with aspirin/NSAID and statin use. […] Hence, EAC risk reduction may be an additional benefit to a myriad of health benefits with being physically active, which include cardiovascular, metabolic and psychological wellbeing.

• #78 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/hp/esophageal-prevention-pdq

  Smoking and drinking alcohol may account for roughly 90% of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases in Western countries like the United States. […] Based on solid evidence, avoidance of tobacco and alcohol would decrease the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying of esophageal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.470.71). […] Based on solid evidence, harms of NSAID use include upper gastrointestinal bleeding and serious cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, hemorrhagic stroke, and renal impairment. […] Based on fair evidence, epidemiological studies have found that aspirin or NSAID use is associated with decreased risk of developing or dying from esophageal cancer (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.470.71).

• #79 Esophageal Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Patient Information [NCI]

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=ncicdr0000062888

  Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Chemoprevention is the use of drugs, vitamins, or other substances to help lower a person’s risk of developing cancer. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) include aspirin and other drugs that reduce swelling and pain. […] The following risk factors increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Gastric reflux. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is strongly linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), especially when the GERD lasts a long time and severe symptoms occur daily. […] The following protective factors may decrease the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. […] Radiofrequency ablation of the esophagus. Patients with Barrett esophagus who have abnormal cells in the lower esophagus may be treated with radiofrequency ablation. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent esophageal cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #80 What Causes Esophageal Cancer, Is It Hereditary & Risk Factors

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/esophageal-cancer/risk-factors

  Research shows that taking medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, including aspirin and ibuprofen) may reduce the risk of developing both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, according to the NCI. However, NSAIDs may increase the risk for heart disease, stroke and other conditions, so theyre ultimately not recommended to prevent esophageal cancer.

• #81 Esophageal Cancer | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0101/p22.html

  Some studies have shown a decreased risk of esophageal cancer with the use of proton pump inhibitors, aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and statins. […] Other studies, however, have not shown benefit. No recommendations exist to support use of these medications for the sole purpose of cancer prevention. Antireflux surgery also appears to have minimal benefit in preventing esophageal cancer. […] Antioxidants and mineral supplements have not been shown to decrease the risk of gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal cancers. […] Attempts to reduce the risk factors of obesity and smoking have not been rigorously evaluated in the setting of esophageal cancer prevention. Nonetheless, primary care physicians should make lifestyle recommendations on the basis of promoting overall health. […] There are no recommendations for screening for esophageal cancer in the general population. Cancer surveillance guidelines exist for patients known to have Barrett esophagus.

• #82 Can Esophageal Cancer Be Prevented? | Blog | AACR

  https://www.aacr.org/blog/2020/04/02/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-for-esophageal-cancer/

  One way to potentially prevent esophageal cancer is to avoid risky behaviors, such as smoking, and heavy drinking. […] A recent study found that physical activity plays a role in preventing many types of cancer, including esophageal cancer. There is some evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can provide protection against squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. […] In the study from Scientific Reports discussed above, the researchers found selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs (SSRI) provided protection against neoplastic progression of Barretts esophagus. […] The study also found that statins reduced the progression of precursors to high-grade dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma by 48 percent. […] The authors note that the utility of proton pump inhibitors would require further study.

• #83 Evolving Therapeutic Strategies in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Advances and Perspectives

  https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/view.html?pn=current_issue&uid=951&vmd=Full

  Esophageal cancer is generally classified into two main histological subtypes: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). […] Lifestyle-related factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, malnutrition, anemia, and chronic inflammation have been identified as major risk factors for ESCC, contributing to its rising incidence in recent years. […] Preventive agents – Aspirin, NSAIDs and statins: high-risk populations (e.g., chronic esophagitis, Barretts esophagus), patients with dyslipidemia or metabolic syndromes – Reduces inflammation and carcinogenesis risk (e.g., COX-2 inhibition with aspirin) – May lower cancer incidence (e.g., statins suppress proliferation). […] Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has emerged as an effective treatment for locally advanced ESCC, with evidence suggesting it can reduce tumor size and improve surgical outcomes. […] Continued advancements in research and the development of precision medicine are expected to further enhance and individualize the management of ESCC.

• #84 Can Esophageal Cancer Be Prevented? | Blog | AACR

  https://www.aacr.org/blog/2020/04/02/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-for-esophageal-cancer/

  One way to potentially prevent esophageal cancer is to avoid risky behaviors, such as smoking, and heavy drinking. […] A recent study found that physical activity plays a role in preventing many types of cancer, including esophageal cancer. There is some evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can provide protection against squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. […] In the study from Scientific Reports discussed above, the researchers found selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs (SSRI) provided protection against neoplastic progression of Barretts esophagus. […] The study also found that statins reduced the progression of precursors to high-grade dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma by 48 percent. […] The authors note that the utility of proton pump inhibitors would require further study.

• #85 High dose of the acid-reducing medicine esomeprazole… – Oncology Central

  https://www.oncology-central.com/acid-reducing-medicine-esomeprazole/

  A Phase III randomized trial has demonstrated that taking a high dose of the acid-reducing medicine esomeprazole (Nexium) with low dose aspirin for a minimum of 7 years can reduce the risk of developing esophageal cancer, a pre-cancerous lesion termed high-grade dysplasia or delay death from any cause in people with Barretts esophagus. […] From their analysis, the researchers discovered that esomeprazole had the strongest effect on prevention of esophageal cancer. […] Collectively, the team have estimated that interventions prevented 2025% of esophageal cancers and for those individuals who did ultimately develop esophageal cancer; the treatments delayed the onset of esophageal cancer by 12 years. […] We hope that the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the UK and national bodies in other countries will consider our findings when developing guidelines for esophageal cancer prevention.

• #86 Over-the-Counter Chemoprevention Strategy Reduces Risk for Esophageal Cancer

  https://www.targetedonc.com/view/overthecounter-chemoprevention-strategy-reduces-risk-for-esophageal-cancer

  According to updated findings from the phase III ASPECT trial presented at the 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting, a combination of 2 over-the-counter drugs can reduce the risk for high-grade dysplasia or esophageal cancer in patients with Barrettrsquo;s esophagus if taken for at least 7 years. […] The combination of esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) suppressing gastric acid, at a high dose (40 mg twice daily) plus low-dose aspirin was the most effective of 4 chemoprevention strategies involving the PPI and aspirin that researchers from the United Kingdom investigated in a study launched nearly 20 years ago. […] Jankowski said the United Kingdom has one of the highest rates of esophageal cancer in the world. […] Patients with Barrettrsquo;s, specifically, should speak with their physician about taking these drugs together in order to delay the events studied in this trial. […] Richard L. Schilsky, MD, ASCO senior vice president and chief medical officer, noted that Barrettrsquo;s can only be diagnosed with an endoscopy. Even if this type of treatment is appropriate, he said that patients require prospective monitoring to determine whether the lesion is shrinking.

• #87 High dose of the acid-reducing medicine esomeprazole… – Oncology Central

  https://www.oncology-central.com/acid-reducing-medicine-esomeprazole/

  A Phase III randomized trial has demonstrated that taking a high dose of the acid-reducing medicine esomeprazole (Nexium) with low dose aspirin for a minimum of 7 years can reduce the risk of developing esophageal cancer, a pre-cancerous lesion termed high-grade dysplasia or delay death from any cause in people with Barretts esophagus. […] From their analysis, the researchers discovered that esomeprazole had the strongest effect on prevention of esophageal cancer. […] Collectively, the team have estimated that interventions prevented 2025% of esophageal cancers and for those individuals who did ultimately develop esophageal cancer; the treatments delayed the onset of esophageal cancer by 12 years. […] We hope that the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the UK and national bodies in other countries will consider our findings when developing guidelines for esophageal cancer prevention.

• #88 High dose of the acid-reducing medicine esomeprazole… – Oncology Central

  https://www.oncology-central.com/acid-reducing-medicine-esomeprazole/

  A Phase III randomized trial has demonstrated that taking a high dose of the acid-reducing medicine esomeprazole (Nexium) with low dose aspirin for a minimum of 7 years can reduce the risk of developing esophageal cancer, a pre-cancerous lesion termed high-grade dysplasia or delay death from any cause in people with Barretts esophagus. […] From their analysis, the researchers discovered that esomeprazole had the strongest effect on prevention of esophageal cancer. […] Collectively, the team have estimated that interventions prevented 2025% of esophageal cancers and for those individuals who did ultimately develop esophageal cancer; the treatments delayed the onset of esophageal cancer by 12 years. […] We hope that the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the UK and national bodies in other countries will consider our findings when developing guidelines for esophageal cancer prevention.

• #89 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  A multicenter prospective cohort study demonstrated that PPI use was associated with a 75% reduction in the risk of neoplastic progression in patients with BE. […] In conclusion, the primary means of prevention for EAC and ESCC is to identify the risk factors and, if present, eliminate them. […] The secondary prevention consists of the detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions when curative endoscopic treatment is still possible. […] In particular, we believe that in the future, screening programs for ESCC in high-risk patients and surveillance programs in patients with ESCC that has already been treated need to be defined.

• #90 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  Indeed, we have conducted analysis with attention to the current primary, secondary and tertiary prevention guidelines in both ESCC and EAC, attempting to emphasize unresolved research and clinical problems related to these topics in order to improve our diagnostic strategies and management. […] In order to achieve a major improvement in the prognosis of EC, preventive measures have been investigated, developed, and are highly warranted. […] It is of fundamental importance to identify high-risk groups for ESCC and EAC in order to detect premalignant lesions early and offer them adequate monitoring. […] At present, upper endoscopy is the only tool utilized for secondary prevention through the direct visualization of esophageal mucosa and the possibility to perform biopsies for histological examination, but its high cost and invasiveness limit the broad application of this technique and require the development of new preventive tools.

• #91 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/december-2016/esophageal-cancer-prevention/

  G&H  Are proton pump inhibitors effective or recommended for reducing the risk of cancer progression? […] KW  There are several large epidemiologic trials that suggest that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are recommended primarily for control of symptoms, have a protective effect by decreasing the incidence of cancer development. […] G&H  Which patients would most benefit from undergoing screening? […] KW The most recent guidelines published by the American College of Gastroenterology, the American Gastroenterological Association, and the British Society of Gastroenterology advocate selective screening, which had not previously been recommended. […] G&H  How often should patients undergo surveillance endoscopy with biopsies? […] KW  The guidelines usually recommend surveillance endoscopy every 3 to 5 years, with 3 years being the most common interval for patients with nondysplastic Barrett esophagus. […] G&H  What are the priorities for research in this field? […] KW  There are several areas that need to be improved in order for clinicians to control esophageal cancer. One of the top priorities is to develop an effective screening program.

• #92 Achalasia and cancer prevention and surveillance – Del Grande – Annals of Esophagus

  https://aoe.amegroups.org/article/view/5391/html

  Achalasia is a recognized risk factor for EC, for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. […] The patient must be informed about the risk of EC especially after 10 years, even treated. […] The treatment of achalasia with methods that increase risk of reflux (botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilation and per oral endoscopic myotomy) should be considered as a risk factor for adenocarcinoma. […] Surveillance may be considered in patients with more than 10 years of disease, especially if associated with other risk factors.

• #93 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/december-2016/esophageal-cancer-prevention/

  G&H  Are proton pump inhibitors effective or recommended for reducing the risk of cancer progression? […] KW  There are several large epidemiologic trials that suggest that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are recommended primarily for control of symptoms, have a protective effect by decreasing the incidence of cancer development. […] G&H  Which patients would most benefit from undergoing screening? […] KW The most recent guidelines published by the American College of Gastroenterology, the American Gastroenterological Association, and the British Society of Gastroenterology advocate selective screening, which had not previously been recommended. […] G&H  How often should patients undergo surveillance endoscopy with biopsies? […] KW  The guidelines usually recommend surveillance endoscopy every 3 to 5 years, with 3 years being the most common interval for patients with nondysplastic Barrett esophagus. […] G&H  What are the priorities for research in this field? […] KW  There are several areas that need to be improved in order for clinicians to control esophageal cancer. One of the top priorities is to develop an effective screening program.

• #94 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8125297/

  In order to achieve a major improvement in the prognosis of EC, preventive measures have been investigated, developed, and are highly warranted. […] The identification of risk factors is an important first step for primary prevention. […] The major risk factors for EAC include symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barretts esophagus, visceral abdominal obesity, tobacco use, assumption of drugs that relax the lower esophageal sphincter, as well as diet with a low intake of vegetables and fruit and rich in processed meat. […] It is of fundamental importance to identify high-risk groups for ESCC and EAC in order to detect premalignant lesions early and offer them adequate monitoring. […] The cytosponge is coupled with TFF3, an immunohistochemical biomarker for Barretts epithelium within a capsule attached to a string that must be swallowed and, when gelatin dissolves inside the stomach, the sponge is pulled up along the esophagus for cell collection.

• #95 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  The cytosponge is coupled with TFF3, an immunohistochemical biomarker for Barrett’s epithelium within a capsule attached to a string that must be swallowed and, when gelatin dissolves inside the stomach, the sponge is pulled up along the esophagus for cell collection. […] The main lifestyle and clinical factors known to influence the development of esophageal cancer and the related international recommendations are reported in Table 2. […] The estimated incidence of EAC in patients with BE is approximately 0.1–0.5% per year. […] The risk is higher in patients with BE with low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) dysplasia, which degenerates into EAC in 1–10% per year and 40% per year, respectively. […] The clinical guidelines reported above recommend that patients with BE should receive once-daily PPI therapy.

• #96 Oesophageal cancer awareness month: 4 articles on the latest in prevention and treatmentfacebook icontwitter iconlinkedin iconfacebook icontwitter iconinstagram iconlinkedin iconyoutube iconfundraising regulator icon

  https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2024/02/09/oesophageal-cancer-awareness-month-prevention-diagnosis-treatment/

  The oesophagus, also known as the gullet or food pipe, is the tube that carries food from your mouth down to your stomach. […] Oesophageal cancer is the 14th most common cancer in the UK, accounting for around 2% of all new cancer cases. […] Only around 12% of people in the UK survive oesophageal cancer for 10 years or more. […] But there can be an opportunity to detect the disease earlier. In fact, around 59% of all UK oesophageal cancers are preventable. […] Some people develop a condition called Barrett’s oesophagus before developing oesophageal cancer. […] The trials we’ve already funded have shown that the capsule sponge test is safe and accurate. […] If the BEST4 trial is successful, the capsule sponge could become a national screening programme across the NHS. […] These patients’ contributions are helping make things better for everyone with oesophageal cancer.

• #97 Oesophageal cancer awareness month: 4 articles on the latest in prevention and treatmentfacebook icontwitter iconlinkedin iconfacebook icontwitter iconinstagram iconlinkedin iconyoutube iconfundraising regulator icon

  https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2024/02/09/oesophageal-cancer-awareness-month-prevention-diagnosis-treatment/

  The oesophagus, also known as the gullet or food pipe, is the tube that carries food from your mouth down to your stomach. […] Oesophageal cancer is the 14th most common cancer in the UK, accounting for around 2% of all new cancer cases. […] Only around 12% of people in the UK survive oesophageal cancer for 10 years or more. […] But there can be an opportunity to detect the disease earlier. In fact, around 59% of all UK oesophageal cancers are preventable. […] Some people develop a condition called Barrett’s oesophagus before developing oesophageal cancer. […] The trials we’ve already funded have shown that the capsule sponge test is safe and accurate. […] If the BEST4 trial is successful, the capsule sponge could become a national screening programme across the NHS. […] These patients’ contributions are helping make things better for everyone with oesophageal cancer.

• #98 Cancer prevention for the esophagus could be just a pill away, doctor says: ‘Tremendous benefit’ | Fox News

  https://www.foxnews.com/health/cancer-prevention-esophagus-could-be-pill-away-doctor-tremendous-benefit

  A vitamin-sized diagnostic could be the future of esophageal cancer prevention. […] With the new technology behind EsoGuard, Aklog hopes to offer a new routine screening for esophageal cancer and prevent deaths. […] „The mortality rate for even stage one esophageal cancer is awful. It’s one of the cancers that you have to pick up in the precancerous stage in order to do the appropriate interventions and surveillance, so you actually can prevent cancer.” […] EsoGuard is designed to detect GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease which is known to be a risk factor for the development of esophageal cancer. […] „There is a direct link that’s not very widely known between chronic reflux, chronic heartburn and cancer,” Aklog said. […] Simply treating heartburn symptoms wont help reduce the risk, Aklog noted.

• #99 Cancer prevention for the esophagus could be just a pill away, doctor says: ‘Tremendous benefit’ | Fox News

  https://www.foxnews.com/health/cancer-prevention-esophagus-could-be-pill-away-doctor-tremendous-benefit

  A vitamin-sized diagnostic could be the future of esophageal cancer prevention. […] With the new technology behind EsoGuard, Aklog hopes to offer a new routine screening for esophageal cancer and prevent deaths. […] „The mortality rate for even stage one esophageal cancer is awful. It’s one of the cancers that you have to pick up in the precancerous stage in order to do the appropriate interventions and surveillance, so you actually can prevent cancer.” […] EsoGuard is designed to detect GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease which is known to be a risk factor for the development of esophageal cancer. […] „There is a direct link that’s not very widely known between chronic reflux, chronic heartburn and cancer,” Aklog said. […] Simply treating heartburn symptoms wont help reduce the risk, Aklog noted.

• #100 Cancer prevention for the esophagus could be just a pill away, doctor says: ‘Tremendous benefit’ | Fox News

  https://www.foxnews.com/health/cancer-prevention-esophagus-could-be-pill-away-doctor-tremendous-benefit

  „Even if symptoms are well-controlled or even eliminated with these over-the-counter medications, behind the scenes the abnormalities in the esophagus are continuing and can progress to cancer,” he warned. […] „If Barretts esophagus is found, then that individual can be followed with endoscopy, and interventions can be taken before Barretts esophagus becomes cancerous.” […] „A minimally invasive test like Esoguard could identify those at risk for esophageal cancer before it appears.” […] „This is especially important as we get older and the risks increase.” […] „Identifying Barretts esophagus could cause anxiety about getting cancer, but most people with the condition never develop cancer.”

• #101 New study offers hope in early detection of oesophageal cancer | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-08-15-new-study-offers-hope-early-detection-oesophageal-cancer

  Researchers at Oxford University’s Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences have developed a new tool to predict peoples risks of getting oesophageal cancer in the next ten years. […] This innovative tool to predict the 10-year risk of oesophageal cancer and to identify high-risk patients for further screening, potentially leading to earlier detection and improved patient outcomes. […] With no widespread screening program currently in place in the NHS, developing a new strategy to enable earlier detection remains paramount. CanPredict offers a tailored approach, concentrating on those most in need, and identifying patients at risk of oesophageal cancer. This has the potential to make diagnoses of cancer earlier when there are likely to be more treatment options. […] By identifying high-risk patients earlier, we can potentially offer them life-saving interventions. […] The algorithms ability to integrate these factors offers a comprehensive and personalised risk assessment for patients and can also help the NHS optimise the use of its resources by targeting those at highest risk who are most likely to benefit from screening.

• #102 New study offers hope in early detection of oesophageal cancer | University of Oxford

  https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-08-15-new-study-offers-hope-early-detection-oesophageal-cancer

  Researchers at Oxford University’s Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences have developed a new tool to predict peoples risks of getting oesophageal cancer in the next ten years. […] This innovative tool to predict the 10-year risk of oesophageal cancer and to identify high-risk patients for further screening, potentially leading to earlier detection and improved patient outcomes. […] With no widespread screening program currently in place in the NHS, developing a new strategy to enable earlier detection remains paramount. CanPredict offers a tailored approach, concentrating on those most in need, and identifying patients at risk of oesophageal cancer. This has the potential to make diagnoses of cancer earlier when there are likely to be more treatment options. […] By identifying high-risk patients earlier, we can potentially offer them life-saving interventions. […] The algorithms ability to integrate these factors offers a comprehensive and personalised risk assessment for patients and can also help the NHS optimise the use of its resources by targeting those at highest risk who are most likely to benefit from screening.

• #103 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  Indeed, we have conducted analysis with attention to the current primary, secondary and tertiary prevention guidelines in both ESCC and EAC, attempting to emphasize unresolved research and clinical problems related to these topics in order to improve our diagnostic strategies and management. […] In order to achieve a major improvement in the prognosis of EC, preventive measures have been investigated, developed, and are highly warranted. […] It is of fundamental importance to identify high-risk groups for ESCC and EAC in order to detect premalignant lesions early and offer them adequate monitoring. […] At present, upper endoscopy is the only tool utilized for secondary prevention through the direct visualization of esophageal mucosa and the possibility to perform biopsies for histological examination, but its high cost and invasiveness limit the broad application of this technique and require the development of new preventive tools.

• #104 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  The cytosponge is coupled with TFF3, an immunohistochemical biomarker for Barrett’s epithelium within a capsule attached to a string that must be swallowed and, when gelatin dissolves inside the stomach, the sponge is pulled up along the esophagus for cell collection. […] The main lifestyle and clinical factors known to influence the development of esophageal cancer and the related international recommendations are reported in Table 2. […] The estimated incidence of EAC in patients with BE is approximately 0.1–0.5% per year. […] The risk is higher in patients with BE with low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) dysplasia, which degenerates into EAC in 1–10% per year and 40% per year, respectively. […] The clinical guidelines reported above recommend that patients with BE should receive once-daily PPI therapy.

• #105 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  A multicenter prospective cohort study demonstrated that PPI use was associated with a 75% reduction in the risk of neoplastic progression in patients with BE. […] In conclusion, the primary means of prevention for EAC and ESCC is to identify the risk factors and, if present, eliminate them. […] The secondary prevention consists of the detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions when curative endoscopic treatment is still possible. […] In particular, we believe that in the future, screening programs for ESCC in high-risk patients and surveillance programs in patients with ESCC that has already been treated need to be defined.

• #106 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/december-2016/esophageal-cancer-prevention/

  G&H  What procedures are available to reduce or prevent the risk of progression, and how effective are they? […] KWThe standard procedure is currently ablation therapy, in which the Barrett mucosa is destroyed. For high-grade dysplasia, radiofrequency ablation has an efficacy of slightly more than 80% in completely removing the mucosa and regenerating normal tissue. Its efficacy in low-grade dysplasia is approximately 90%. Cryotherapy, which freezes the tissue to destroy abnormal mucosa, has reported similar success rates of 80% to 90% for low- and high-grade dysplasia. […] G&H  What role do aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play in reducing the risk of progression to cancer? […] KW  There is a fair amount of evidence that suggests that aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (eg, COX-2 inhibitors) may decrease inflammation in reflux esophagitis. Epidemiologic studies have reported a reduced risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients on aspirin compared to those who were not.

• #107 Oesophageal Cancer

  https://www.parkwaycancercentre.com/bd/learn-about-cancer/types-of-cancer/cancer-details/esophageal-cancer

  Oesophageal Cancer Prevention, Prophylaxis […] Screening refers to looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. There is currently no recommended routine screening for oesophageal cancer for the general population. It is therefore important, especially if you have one or more risk factors (see Oesophageal Cancer Risk Factors above) to be vigilant and see your doctor for prompt investigation if you have any symptoms. […] People at high risk of getting oesophageal cancer, such as those with Barretts oesophagus or inherited conditions like tylosis should be closely monitored, usually with regular endoscopy and biopsy of any abnormal areas seen. This may detect oesophageal cancer at an earlier stage when the cancer is localised and more easily removed by surgery. Those with Barretts oesophagus affecting a large area, or high-grade dysplasia may be advised to undergo treatment due to the high chance of adenocarcinoma developing (or already present).

• #108 Achalasia and cancer prevention and surveillance – Del Grande – Annals of Esophagus

  https://aoe.amegroups.org/article/view/5391/html

  Achalasia is a recognized risk factor for EC, for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. […] The patient must be informed about the risk of EC especially after 10 years, even treated. […] The treatment of achalasia with methods that increase risk of reflux (botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilation and per oral endoscopic myotomy) should be considered as a risk factor for adenocarcinoma. […] Surveillance may be considered in patients with more than 10 years of disease, especially if associated with other risk factors.

• #109 Achalasia and cancer prevention and surveillance – Del Grande – Annals of Esophagus

  https://aoe.amegroups.org/article/view/5391/html

  Achalasia is a recognized risk factor for EC, for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. […] The patient must be informed about the risk of EC especially after 10 years, even treated. […] The treatment of achalasia with methods that increase risk of reflux (botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilation and per oral endoscopic myotomy) should be considered as a risk factor for adenocarcinoma. […] Surveillance may be considered in patients with more than 10 years of disease, especially if associated with other risk factors.

• #110 Achalasia and cancer prevention and surveillance – Del Grande – Annals of Esophagus

  https://aoe.amegroups.org/article/view/5391/html

  Achalasia is a recognized risk factor for EC, for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. […] The patient must be informed about the risk of EC especially after 10 years, even treated. […] The treatment of achalasia with methods that increase risk of reflux (botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilation and per oral endoscopic myotomy) should be considered as a risk factor for adenocarcinoma. […] Surveillance may be considered in patients with more than 10 years of disease, especially if associated with other risk factors.

• #111 Esophageal Cancer Prevention | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Obesity leads to hiatus hernia and reflux which are in turn responsible for the increasing rates of esophageal cancer. Talk to your family physician about developing a plan to lose weight by eating well and exercising regularly. […] If you have a long history of severe heartburn or acid indigestion, talk to your doctor about Barrett’s esophagus, which increases your risk of developing cancer. Even if your acid reflux symptoms are controlled, you still could be at risk. The only way to diagnose Barrett’s is with an endoscopy and biopsy. Esophageal cancer can be cured, if it is diagnosed early.

• #112 Oesophageal Cancer

  https://www.parkwaycancercentre.com/bd/learn-about-cancer/types-of-cancer/cancer-details/esophageal-cancer

  While there is no guaranteed way to prevent oesophageal cancer, there are some measures you can take to reduce your risk: […] Avoid or quit smoking: Smoking increases your risk of oesophageal cancer and many other types of cancers. Quitting smoking can be very hard, so ask your health care provider for help. These might include support groups, medicines and nicotine replacement therapy. […] Limit or avoid alcohol consumption: Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women of all ages and men older than 65 years, and up to two drinks a day for men aged 65 and younger. […] Eat a healthy, balanced diet: A diet with less fat, sugar, red meat and processed foods, and more fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains can help to reduce the risk of many diseases and cancers including oesophageal cancer. […] Maintain a healthy body weight: A healthy diet and regular exercise can help you to keep to a healthy body weight and reduce your risk for many conditions including oesophageal cancer. If you are overweight or obese, talk to your doctor about strategies to help you lose weight in a safe manner. […] Seek treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD): Treating reflux may help prevent Barretts oesophagus and oesophageal cancer. Often, this is done with changes in diet and lifestyle (for example, weight loss for overweight individuals), as well as medications called H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

• #113 Esophageal Cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Complications & Prevention PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/esophageal-cancer-symptoms-causes-complications-and-prevention

  Testing for gastroesophageal reflux disease or Barrett’s esophagus – Treating people with gastroesophageal reflux disease may help prevent Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer. Often, reflux is treated with changes in diet and lifestyle (for example, weight loss for overweight individuals), as well as drugs called H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Surgery might also be an option for treating reflux if it is not controlled with diet, lifestyle changes, and medicines. For patients suffering with Barrett’s oesophagus, daily therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) may reduce the chance of cancer-causing cell alterations (dysplasia).

• #114 Esophageal Cancer Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-prevention-pdq

  It is not known if surgery or other medical treatment to stop gastric reflux lowers the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. […] Some studies have shown that the use of NSAIDs may lower the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. […] Patients with Barrett esophagus who have abnormal cells in the lower esophagus may be treated with radiofrequency ablation. […] More studies are needed to know whether radiofrequency ablation decreases the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in patients with these conditions.

• #115 Esophageal Cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Complications & Prevention PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/esophageal-cancer-symptoms-causes-complications-and-prevention

  Testing for gastroesophageal reflux disease or Barrett’s esophagus – Treating people with gastroesophageal reflux disease may help prevent Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer. Often, reflux is treated with changes in diet and lifestyle (for example, weight loss for overweight individuals), as well as drugs called H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Surgery might also be an option for treating reflux if it is not controlled with diet, lifestyle changes, and medicines. For patients suffering with Barrett’s oesophagus, daily therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) may reduce the chance of cancer-causing cell alterations (dysplasia).

• #116 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8125297/

  In Western countries, where the incidence of ESCC is relatively low, screening of the asymptomatic average-risk population is untenable. […] The proposed and recommended endoscopy surveillance protocols usually start after curative treatment for head and neck cancer and continue every 6 months for 3-10 years to annual examinations. […] The clinical guidelines reported above recommend that patients with BE should receive once-daily PPI therapy. […] The use of PPIs is associated with a decreased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and/or BE with high dysplasia in BE patients. […] In conclusion, the primary means of prevention for EAC and ESCC is to identify the risk factors and, if present, eliminate them.

• #117 Esophageal Cancer Prevention | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Obesity leads to hiatus hernia and reflux which are in turn responsible for the increasing rates of esophageal cancer. Talk to your family physician about developing a plan to lose weight by eating well and exercising regularly. […] If you have a long history of severe heartburn or acid indigestion, talk to your doctor about Barrett’s esophagus, which increases your risk of developing cancer. Even if your acid reflux symptoms are controlled, you still could be at risk. The only way to diagnose Barrett’s is with an endoscopy and biopsy. Esophageal cancer can be cured, if it is diagnosed early.

• #118 Esophageal Cancer Prevention | Reducing Esophageal Cancer Risk in Cleveland, OH | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/cancer-services/thoracic-and-esophageal-cancer/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent cancer. […] The following risk factors increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: Smoking and alcohol use. […] The following protective factors may decrease the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: Avoiding tobacco and alcohol use. […] Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. […] The following risk factors increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Gastric reflux. […] The following protective factors may decrease the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. […] Radiofrequency ablation of the esophagus. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent esophageal cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #119 Esophageal Cancer – Prevention

  https://ruesch.georgetown.edu/esophagealcancerprevention/

  Esophageal Cancer Prevention […] Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent cancer. […] The following risk factors increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: Smoking and alcohol use. […] The following protective factors may decrease the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: Avoiding tobacco and alcohol use. […] Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. […] The following risk factors increase the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Gastric reflux. […] The following protective factors may decrease the risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: Chemoprevention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. […] Radiofrequency ablation of the esophagus. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent esophageal cancer are being studied in clinical trials. […] Avoiding cancer risk factors may help prevent certain cancers. Risk factors include smoking, being overweight, and not getting enough exercise. Increasing protective factors such as quitting smoking and exercising may also help prevent some cancers.

• #120 Oesophageal cancer awareness month: 4 articles on the latest in prevention and treatmentfacebook icontwitter iconlinkedin iconfacebook icontwitter iconinstagram iconlinkedin iconyoutube iconfundraising regulator icon

  https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2024/02/09/oesophageal-cancer-awareness-month-prevention-diagnosis-treatment/

  The oesophagus, also known as the gullet or food pipe, is the tube that carries food from your mouth down to your stomach. […] Oesophageal cancer is the 14th most common cancer in the UK, accounting for around 2% of all new cancer cases. […] Only around 12% of people in the UK survive oesophageal cancer for 10 years or more. […] But there can be an opportunity to detect the disease earlier. In fact, around 59% of all UK oesophageal cancers are preventable. […] Some people develop a condition called Barrett’s oesophagus before developing oesophageal cancer. […] The trials we’ve already funded have shown that the capsule sponge test is safe and accurate. […] If the BEST4 trial is successful, the capsule sponge could become a national screening programme across the NHS. […] These patients’ contributions are helping make things better for everyone with oesophageal cancer.

• #121 Chemoprevention of Oesophageal Cancer and the AspECT Trial | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-69297-3_15

  Oesophageal cancer is on the rise and often present in an advanced state. […] With the unravelling of molecular biology of carcino-genesis in the oesophagus, there is a need for a paradigm shift from cancer treatment to prevention. […] Barrett’s oesophagus is the commonest pre-malignant condition for development of oesophageal adenocarcinomas and is eminently suitable for the study of chemoprevention strategies. […] Now in its third year, the AspECT trial is the biggest, multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial looking at the long-term chemoprevention effect of esomeprazole with or without aspirin. […] More than 85% of the participants tolerated the medications at the initial intended doses, and the drop-out rate has been 7%; the interim analysis is due in 2011.

• #122 Chemoprevention of Oesophageal Cancer and the AspECT Trial | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-69297-3_15

  Oesophageal cancer is on the rise and often present in an advanced state. […] With the unravelling of molecular biology of carcino-genesis in the oesophagus, there is a need for a paradigm shift from cancer treatment to prevention. […] Barrett’s oesophagus is the commonest pre-malignant condition for development of oesophageal adenocarcinomas and is eminently suitable for the study of chemoprevention strategies. […] Now in its third year, the AspECT trial is the biggest, multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial looking at the long-term chemoprevention effect of esomeprazole with or without aspirin. […] More than 85% of the participants tolerated the medications at the initial intended doses, and the drop-out rate has been 7%; the interim analysis is due in 2011.

• #123 Over-the-Counter Chemoprevention Strategy Reduces Risk for Esophageal Cancer

  https://www.targetedonc.com/view/overthecounter-chemoprevention-strategy-reduces-risk-for-esophageal-cancer

  According to updated findings from the phase III ASPECT trial presented at the 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting, a combination of 2 over-the-counter drugs can reduce the risk for high-grade dysplasia or esophageal cancer in patients with Barrettrsquo;s esophagus if taken for at least 7 years. […] The combination of esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) suppressing gastric acid, at a high dose (40 mg twice daily) plus low-dose aspirin was the most effective of 4 chemoprevention strategies involving the PPI and aspirin that researchers from the United Kingdom investigated in a study launched nearly 20 years ago. […] Jankowski said the United Kingdom has one of the highest rates of esophageal cancer in the world. […] Patients with Barrettrsquo;s, specifically, should speak with their physician about taking these drugs together in order to delay the events studied in this trial. […] Richard L. Schilsky, MD, ASCO senior vice president and chief medical officer, noted that Barrettrsquo;s can only be diagnosed with an endoscopy. Even if this type of treatment is appropriate, he said that patients require prospective monitoring to determine whether the lesion is shrinking.

• #124 Over-the-Counter Chemoprevention Strategy Reduces Risk for Esophageal Cancer

  https://www.targetedonc.com/view/overthecounter-chemoprevention-strategy-reduces-risk-for-esophageal-cancer

  According to updated findings from the phase III ASPECT trial presented at the 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting, a combination of 2 over-the-counter drugs can reduce the risk for high-grade dysplasia or esophageal cancer in patients with Barrettrsquo;s esophagus if taken for at least 7 years. […] The combination of esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) suppressing gastric acid, at a high dose (40 mg twice daily) plus low-dose aspirin was the most effective of 4 chemoprevention strategies involving the PPI and aspirin that researchers from the United Kingdom investigated in a study launched nearly 20 years ago. […] Jankowski said the United Kingdom has one of the highest rates of esophageal cancer in the world. […] Patients with Barrettrsquo;s, specifically, should speak with their physician about taking these drugs together in order to delay the events studied in this trial. […] Richard L. Schilsky, MD, ASCO senior vice president and chief medical officer, noted that Barrettrsquo;s can only be diagnosed with an endoscopy. Even if this type of treatment is appropriate, he said that patients require prospective monitoring to determine whether the lesion is shrinking.

• #125 Oesophageal cancer awareness month: 4 articles on the latest in prevention and treatmentfacebook icontwitter iconlinkedin iconfacebook icontwitter iconinstagram iconlinkedin iconyoutube iconfundraising regulator icon

  https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2024/02/09/oesophageal-cancer-awareness-month-prevention-diagnosis-treatment/

  Already, Fitzgerald’s team have been able to describe for the first time some of the DNA mutations that they think cause the disease, and there are likely to be many more findings to come. […] By looking more closely at how cancers start, we can work out how to stop them. […] Now, because we can see what ecDNA is doing, we can work out specific ways to stop it. And, as eDyNAmiC begin to focus on targeting ecDNA with drugs, this new way of understanding cancer could become a way to intercept and prevent it, too.

• #126 Oesophageal cancer awareness month: 4 articles on the latest in prevention and treatmentfacebook icontwitter iconlinkedin iconfacebook icontwitter iconinstagram iconlinkedin iconyoutube iconfundraising regulator icon

  https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2024/02/09/oesophageal-cancer-awareness-month-prevention-diagnosis-treatment/

  Already, Fitzgerald’s team have been able to describe for the first time some of the DNA mutations that they think cause the disease, and there are likely to be many more findings to come. […] By looking more closely at how cancers start, we can work out how to stop them. […] Now, because we can see what ecDNA is doing, we can work out specific ways to stop it. And, as eDyNAmiC begin to focus on targeting ecDNA with drugs, this new way of understanding cancer could become a way to intercept and prevent it, too.

• #127 Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control – Esophageal Health | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/gastro/esophageal-health/research/esophageal-cancer-prevention-and-control

  Our center includes a team of researchers and experts committed to the prevention and early detection of esophageal cancer. […] Under the direction of Dr. Folasade P. May, a gastroenterologist and health services researcher, current studies in esophageal cancer prevention and control include population-based epidemiological studies and health services research. […] Future studies will aim to understand how to improve the care and well-being of patients with a diagnosis of esophageal cancer at UCLA Health.

• #128 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer by doing the following. […] The best way to lower your risk for esophageal cancer is to avoid all forms of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes and smokeless tobacco. […] Quitting reduces your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Drinking alcohol increases your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] To reduce your cancer risk, it’s best not to drink alcohol. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, keep your cancer risk as low as possible by having no more than 2 standard drinks a week. […] Not chewing betel quid or areca nut lowers your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Research shows that being overweight or obese increases your risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. […] You can lower your risk by having a healthy body weight.

• #129 Oesophageal cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/oesophageal-cancer/

  Oesophageal cancer is the 12th most common cancer in the UK (2021 data), and the 11th most common in the world (2022 data). […] Following our Cancer Prevention Recommendations reduces your risk of oesophageal cancer. If you have been diagnosed with cancer, following our Recommendations can reduce the risk of cancer returning. […] You can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer by not smoking. If you do smoke, giving up smoking will reduce your risk. […] Drinking alcohol increases the risk of oesophageal cancer and other cancers. To reduce your risk of cancer, we recommend not drinking alcohol at all. […] Reaching and staying at a healthy weight can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer, many other cancers, and other diseases.

• #130 Oesophageal cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/oesophageal-cancer/

  Oesophageal cancer is the 12th most common cancer in the UK (2021 data), and the 11th most common in the world (2022 data). […] Following our Cancer Prevention Recommendations reduces your risk of oesophageal cancer. If you have been diagnosed with cancer, following our Recommendations can reduce the risk of cancer returning. […] You can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer by not smoking. If you do smoke, giving up smoking will reduce your risk. […] Drinking alcohol increases the risk of oesophageal cancer and other cancers. To reduce your risk of cancer, we recommend not drinking alcohol at all. […] Reaching and staying at a healthy weight can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer, many other cancers, and other diseases.

• #131 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer by doing the following. […] The best way to lower your risk for esophageal cancer is to avoid all forms of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes and smokeless tobacco. […] Quitting reduces your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Drinking alcohol increases your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] To reduce your cancer risk, it’s best not to drink alcohol. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, keep your cancer risk as low as possible by having no more than 2 standard drinks a week. […] Not chewing betel quid or areca nut lowers your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Research shows that being overweight or obese increases your risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. […] You can lower your risk by having a healthy body weight.

• #132 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  Drinking very hot beverages, such as hot coffee, tea and mat, increases your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Diets that are high in processed meats may increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. […] There is some evidence that eating a healthy diet that includes lots of vegetables and fruit may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Studies have shown that physical activity may lower the risk of esophageal cancer. […] If you are at higher than average risk, you may need to visit your doctor more often to check for esophageal cancer.

• #133 Esophageal cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancer

  Prevention includes stopping smoking and eating a healthy diet. […] Overcoming addiction to areca chewing in Asia is another promising strategy for the prevention of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. […] The risk can also be reduced by maintaining a normal body weight. […] According to the National Cancer Institute, „diets high in cruciferous (cabbage, broccoli/broccolini, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts) and green and yellow vegetables and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer.” […] Dietary fiber is thought to be protective, especially against esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] There is no evidence that vitamin supplements change the risk.

• #134 Oesophageal cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/oesophageal-cancer/

  Oesophageal cancer is the 12th most common cancer in the UK (2021 data), and the 11th most common in the world (2022 data). […] Following our Cancer Prevention Recommendations reduces your risk of oesophageal cancer. If you have been diagnosed with cancer, following our Recommendations can reduce the risk of cancer returning. […] You can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer by not smoking. If you do smoke, giving up smoking will reduce your risk. […] Drinking alcohol increases the risk of oesophageal cancer and other cancers. To reduce your risk of cancer, we recommend not drinking alcohol at all. […] Reaching and staying at a healthy weight can reduce your risk of oesophageal cancer, many other cancers, and other diseases.

• #135 Esophageal cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancer

  Prevention includes stopping smoking and eating a healthy diet. […] Overcoming addiction to areca chewing in Asia is another promising strategy for the prevention of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. […] The risk can also be reduced by maintaining a normal body weight. […] According to the National Cancer Institute, „diets high in cruciferous (cabbage, broccoli/broccolini, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts) and green and yellow vegetables and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer.” […] Dietary fiber is thought to be protective, especially against esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] There is no evidence that vitamin supplements change the risk.

• #136 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  Drinking very hot beverages, such as hot coffee, tea and mat, increases your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Diets that are high in processed meats may increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. […] There is some evidence that eating a healthy diet that includes lots of vegetables and fruit may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Studies have shown that physical activity may lower the risk of esophageal cancer. […] If you are at higher than average risk, you may need to visit your doctor more often to check for esophageal cancer.

• #137 Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text

  https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-230X-14-101

  Physical activity has been inversely associated with risk of several cancers. […] Meta-analysis of published observational studies indicates that physical activity may be associated with reduced risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Lifestyle interventions focusing on increasing physical activity may decrease the global burden of EAC. […] For non-tobacco users, diet and physical activity are the most important modifiable determinants of cancer risk. […] The protective effect of physical activity against cancer is possibly mediated by counteracting the adverse carcinogenic effects of obesity, improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing systemic inflammation leading to favorable immunomodulation. […] The analysis was considerably limited due to the conflicting observations from two of the included studies, with one showing a strong inverse association and another showing a strong direct association.

• #138 Prevention and Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/esophageal/risk-factors

  A variety of physical, lifestyle, and environmental factors can make some people more likely to develop esophageal cancer than others. Although there is no sure way to prevent esophageal cancer, there are things you can do to reduce your risk. […] We recommend keeping these healthy habits. […] Quit smoking. It is a known risk factor for esophageal cancer and other cancers. […] Stop drinking alcohol or try to cut back. […] Consult a doctor if you experience persistent heartburn, which may be a sign of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Exercise regularly and avoid becoming overweight. […] Consider the risk factors and regular screening for conditions that can lead to certain types of esophageal cancer. […] Studies have shown that having severe GERD over the course of many years increases the chance of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

• #139 Esophageal Cancer Prevention | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/esophageal-cancer/prevention

  Obesity leads to hiatus hernia and reflux which are in turn responsible for the increasing rates of esophageal cancer. Talk to your family physician about developing a plan to lose weight by eating well and exercising regularly. […] If you have a long history of severe heartburn or acid indigestion, talk to your doctor about Barrett’s esophagus, which increases your risk of developing cancer. Even if your acid reflux symptoms are controlled, you still could be at risk. The only way to diagnose Barrett’s is with an endoscopy and biopsy. Esophageal cancer can be cured, if it is diagnosed early.

• #140 Esophageal cancer: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000283.htm

  To reduce your risk of cancer of the esophagus: […] Do not smoke. […] Limit or do not drink alcoholic beverages. […] Get checked by your doctor if you have severe GERD. […] Get regular checkups if you have Barrett esophagus.

• #141 Oesophageal Cancer

  https://www.parkwaycancercentre.com/bd/learn-about-cancer/types-of-cancer/cancer-details/esophageal-cancer

  Oesophageal Cancer Prevention, Prophylaxis […] Screening refers to looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. There is currently no recommended routine screening for oesophageal cancer for the general population. It is therefore important, especially if you have one or more risk factors (see Oesophageal Cancer Risk Factors above) to be vigilant and see your doctor for prompt investigation if you have any symptoms. […] People at high risk of getting oesophageal cancer, such as those with Barretts oesophagus or inherited conditions like tylosis should be closely monitored, usually with regular endoscopy and biopsy of any abnormal areas seen. This may detect oesophageal cancer at an earlier stage when the cancer is localised and more easily removed by surgery. Those with Barretts oesophagus affecting a large area, or high-grade dysplasia may be advised to undergo treatment due to the high chance of adenocarcinoma developing (or already present).

• #142 What Is the Connection between HPV and Esophageal Cancer?

  https://www.lacancernetwork.com/what-is-the-connection-between-hpv-and-esophageal-cancer

  To help steer clear of esophageal cancer, try the following tips: […] Avoid Tobacco […] Limit Alcohol Consumption […] Maintain a Healthy Weight […] Manage Acid Reflux […] Get Vaccinated against HPV […] Regular Exercise […] Undergo Regular Screenings.

• #143 Esophageal Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6137-esophageal-cancer

  You may be able to reduce your risk by eating well so youre at a weight thats right for you and that you can maintain. You may also reduce your risk by avoiding activities such as using tobacco, frequently drinking lots of alcohol or working around certain solvents. Having an HPV infection is a risk factor for esophageal cancer. Ask your healthcare provider if you should receive the HPV vaccine. […] There isnt a recommended way to screen for esophageal cancer. But if you have Barretts esophagus or certain other conditions, your healthcare provider may recommend screening. Your healthcare provider may do an EGD to do this screening. If your healthcare provider recommends screening, theyll let you know how often you should have screening.

• #144 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  Drinking very hot beverages, such as hot coffee, tea and mat, increases your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Diets that are high in processed meats may increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. […] There is some evidence that eating a healthy diet that includes lots of vegetables and fruit may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Studies have shown that physical activity may lower the risk of esophageal cancer. […] If you are at higher than average risk, you may need to visit your doctor more often to check for esophageal cancer.

• #145 Causes of oesophageal cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/oesophageal-cancer/causes/

  You cannot always prevent oesophageal cancer. But making healthy changes can lower your chances of getting it. […] try to lose weight if you’re overweight […] let hot drinks cool down a bit before drinking, so they do not damage your oesophagus […] try to cut down on alcohol avoid drinking more than 14 units a week […] try to quit smoking.

• #146 Reducing your risk for esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/esophageal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing esophageal cancer by doing the following. […] The best way to lower your risk for esophageal cancer is to avoid all forms of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes and smokeless tobacco. […] Quitting reduces your risk of esophageal cancer. […] Drinking alcohol increases your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] To reduce your cancer risk, it’s best not to drink alcohol. […] If you choose to drink alcohol, keep your cancer risk as low as possible by having no more than 2 standard drinks a week. […] Not chewing betel quid or areca nut lowers your risk of developing esophageal cancer. […] Research shows that being overweight or obese increases your risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. […] You can lower your risk by having a healthy body weight.

• #147 Esophageal cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancer

  Prevention includes stopping smoking and eating a healthy diet. […] Overcoming addiction to areca chewing in Asia is another promising strategy for the prevention of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. […] The risk can also be reduced by maintaining a normal body weight. […] According to the National Cancer Institute, „diets high in cruciferous (cabbage, broccoli/broccolini, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts) and green and yellow vegetables and fruits are associated with a decreased risk of esophageal cancer.” […] Dietary fiber is thought to be protective, especially against esophageal adenocarcinoma. […] There is no evidence that vitamin supplements change the risk.

• #148 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  Indeed, we have conducted analysis with attention to the current primary, secondary and tertiary prevention guidelines in both ESCC and EAC, attempting to emphasize unresolved research and clinical problems related to these topics in order to improve our diagnostic strategies and management. […] In order to achieve a major improvement in the prognosis of EC, preventive measures have been investigated, developed, and are highly warranted. […] It is of fundamental importance to identify high-risk groups for ESCC and EAC in order to detect premalignant lesions early and offer them adequate monitoring. […] At present, upper endoscopy is the only tool utilized for secondary prevention through the direct visualization of esophageal mucosa and the possibility to perform biopsies for histological examination, but its high cost and invasiveness limit the broad application of this technique and require the development of new preventive tools.

• #149 Prevention Strategies for Esophageal Cancer—An Expert Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/9/2183

  A multicenter prospective cohort study demonstrated that PPI use was associated with a 75% reduction in the risk of neoplastic progression in patients with BE. […] In conclusion, the primary means of prevention for EAC and ESCC is to identify the risk factors and, if present, eliminate them. […] The secondary prevention consists of the detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions when curative endoscopic treatment is still possible. […] In particular, we believe that in the future, screening programs for ESCC in high-risk patients and surveillance programs in patients with ESCC that has already been treated need to be defined.

• #150 Screening and Early Detection: Key Factors in Esophageal Cancer Prevention- Kaizen Gastro Care

  https://www.kaizengastrocare.com/screening-and-early-detection-key-factors-in-esophageal-cancer-prevention/

  Esophageal cancer, though relatively less common than some other cancers, can be particularly aggressive and difficult to treat if not detected early. […] In the battle against esophageal cancer, the role of screening and early detection appears as a critical strategy. […] The best gastroenterology clinic in Pune, Kaizen Gastro Care specialists in this blog explores the key aspects that make screening and early detection crucial in the esophageal cancer prevention. […] Early diagnosis significantly increases the chances of successful treatment. Studies show that esophageal cancer detected in its early stages boasts a five-year survival rate of 80% compared to 15% for late-stage diagnoses. […] Early detection often allows for less invasive techniques like endoscopic surgery, leading to faster healing times and rarer side effects.

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