Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bone Cancer Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/bone-cancer/causes-risks-prevention.html

  At this time there is no way to prevent this cancer. […] Learn about the risk factors for bone cancer and if there are things you might be able to do to help lower your risk.

• #2 Bone Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment & Outlook

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17745-bone-cancer

  As experts dont really know what causes bone cancers, theres currently no known way to prevent it. […] Still, you can see a healthcare provider if youre noticing unusual changes in your bones, like a lump or increasing bone pain. These symptoms dont usually mean cancer. But only a provider can diagnose whats causing the issue.

• #3 Bone cancer | Description, Types, Symptoms, & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/bone-cancer

  Prevention of bone cancer will require a better understanding of its causes than is currently available. […] If a patient has a known risk factor for bone cancer, such as Paget disease, careful screening may help detect and treat the cancer in its early stages, thereby improving the chances for survival.

• #4 Bone cancer | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Survival Rate

  https://www.yashodahospitals.com/diseases-treatments/bone-cancer-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-prevention/

  Preventive measures are not yet established for bone cancer. […] Although, knowledge of risk factors and timely medical assistance can help diagnose bone cancer in its initial stages and thus can be treated effectively.

• #5 How to Prevent Bone Cancer & Risk Factor | HCG Oncology

  http://www.hcgoncology.com/types-of-cancers/bone-cancer-prevention/

  Unfortunately, there is no confirmed answer to the question 'how to prevent bone cancer.’ However, early detection and an understanding of the bone cancer risk factors can surely increase the chances of a successful treatment. […] Though there is no definite way to prevent bone cancer, there are some things that can help in the process. […] Avoid smoking is considered one of the most effective potential bone cancer prevention factors. […] Though there is no sure diet that can guarantee bone cancer prevention, individuals can increase their intake of certain bone cancer prevention foods. […] It is advisable to limit the consumption of alcohol to reduce the chances of developing bone cancer. […] Regular exercise helps keep bones healthy and maintained, thereby reducing the risk of getting bone cancer.

• #6 Bone Cancer Symptoms and How to Prevent It – EMC Healthcare – SAME

  https://www.emc.id/en/care-plus/bone-cancer-full-review-of-symptoms-and-early-prevention

  Bone cancer is abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth in the bones. […] Unfortunately, there are no concrete steps that can be taken to prevent bone cancer because this disease is related to certain bone abnormalities, age, and genetic or hereditary factors. […] Nevertheless, having regular health check-ups can help in early detection of this disease, allowing prompt treatment. The sooner bone cancer is detected, the greater the chance of cure. Regular check-ups are also important for people at high risk of bone cancer or other types of cancer. […] Although there are no definitive preventive measures, a healthy lifestyle can help lower the risk: Stay active by exercising regularly and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. […] Adopt a healthy diet by increasing consumption of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, fish and low-fat dairy products, and avoiding processed foods high in saturated fat.

• #7 Bone Cancer Risk Factors: What You Need to Know

  https://www.actioncancerhospital.com/blog/bone-cancer-risk-factors-what-you-need-to-know

  Bone Cancer Risk Factors: What You Need to Know 14 Aug 2024 […] Bone cancer, though relatively rare compared to other types of cancer, can be a challenging and complex condition. Understanding the risk factors associated with bone cancer is crucial for early detection, prevention, and effective management. In this comprehensive article, we explore the various factors that contribute to the development of bone cancer and offer insights into what you need to know to safeguard your bone health. […] Risk Factors: Understanding Contributors to Bone Cancer […] 1. Age: Age is a significant factor in bone cancer risk. Primary bone cancer often affects individuals under the age of 20 or those over 65, while secondary bone cancer is more prevalent in older adults. […] 2. Genetic Factors: Certain hereditary conditions elevate the risk of bone cancer. Conditions like Li-Fraumeni syndrome and hereditary retinoblastoma are associated with an increased likelihood. Additionally, inherited conditions affecting bone health, such as multiple exostoses, also play a role in raising susceptibility.

• #8 Bone Cancer Risk Factors: What You Need to Know

  https://www.actioncancerhospital.com/blog/bone-cancer-risk-factors-what-you-need-to-know

  Bone Cancer Risk Factors: What You Need to Know 14 Aug 2024 […] Bone cancer, though relatively rare compared to other types of cancer, can be a challenging and complex condition. Understanding the risk factors associated with bone cancer is crucial for early detection, prevention, and effective management. In this comprehensive article, we explore the various factors that contribute to the development of bone cancer and offer insights into what you need to know to safeguard your bone health. […] Risk Factors: Understanding Contributors to Bone Cancer […] 1. Age: Age is a significant factor in bone cancer risk. Primary bone cancer often affects individuals under the age of 20 or those over 65, while secondary bone cancer is more prevalent in older adults. […] 2. Genetic Factors: Certain hereditary conditions elevate the risk of bone cancer. Conditions like Li-Fraumeni syndrome and hereditary retinoblastoma are associated with an increased likelihood. Additionally, inherited conditions affecting bone health, such as multiple exostoses, also play a role in raising susceptibility.

• #9 Risks for bone cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/risks

  Some things can affect your risk, or chance, of developing cancer. Certain behaviours, substances or conditions can increase or decrease the risk. Most cancers are the result of many risks. But sometimes bone cancer develops in people who don’t have any risks. […] Several things could increase your risk for bone cancer. None of these risks can be changed. Until we learn more about these risks, there are no specific ways you can lower your risk for bone cancer. […] The following can increase your risk for bone cancer: exposure to radiation, bone disorders or conditions, genetic conditions, previous chemotherapy. […] High-dose radiation therapy used to treat childhood cancers can increase the risk for bone cancer. The risk is greatest in the area that was treated with radiation. […] Having one of the following bone disorders or conditions can increase the risk for bone cancer.

• #10 Risks for bone cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/bone/risks

  A genetic condition is a disease caused by a change (mutation) in one or more genes. Having certain genetic conditions increases the risk of developing bone cancer. […] Children with cancer who are treated with a type of drug called an alkylating agent have a higher risk of developing bone cancer later in life. The risk increases with the amount of the drug given. […] To make the decisions that are right for you, ask your doctor questions about risks. Learn how cancer can be prevented and what you can do to reduce your risk.

• #11 Bone Cancer Risk Factors: What You Need to Know

  https://www.actioncancerhospital.com/blog/bone-cancer-risk-factors-what-you-need-to-know

  7. Gender: Gender plays a role in the prevalence of specific types of bone cancer. For instance, osteosarcoma is more commonly found in males, while chondrosarcoma has a higher incidence in females. Understanding these gender-based patterns aids in targeted awareness and screenings. […] 8. Race: Racial disparities exist in the occurrence of certain bone cancers. Ewing sarcoma, for example, occurs more frequently in white individuals. Acknowledging these disparities emphasizes the need for tailored prevention and early detection efforts. […] 9. Bone Diseases: Pre-existing conditions affecting bone health contribute to an increased susceptibility to bone cancer. Individuals with conditions like Paget’s disease and enchondromatosis should be aware of their heightened risk and prioritize regular check-ups.

• #12 Bone Cancer Risk Factors: What You Need to Know

  https://www.actioncancerhospital.com/blog/bone-cancer-risk-factors-what-you-need-to-know

  3. Radiation Exposure: Previous exposure to high-dose radiation, whether for cancer treatment or other medical reasons, is a known risk factor for bone cancer. Individuals with a history of radiation exposure should be vigilant about monitoring their bone health. […] 4. Paget’s Disease: Paget’s disease, characterized by abnormal bone growth, is linked to an increased risk of developing bone cancer. Individuals with Paget’s disease require close attention to detect potential cancerous developments early on. […] 5. Chemical Exposures: Exposure to certain chemicals heightens the risk of bone cancer development. Substances like beryllium and vinyl chloride, found in certain occupational and environmental settings, may contribute to the development of bone cancer. […] 6. Bone Marrow Transplants: Individuals who have undergone bone marrow transplants face an elevated risk of developing bone cancer. This underscores the importance of careful monitoring and proactive health management for this group.

• #13 Bone Cancer

  https://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/cancer/registry/abouts/bone.htm

  What can I do to reduce my chances of getting bone cancer? To help reduce the risk of getting bone cancer: Be aware of your family history and discuss any concerns with your health care provider. Discuss the risks and benefits of medical imaging, such as CT scans, with your health care provider to avoid unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation. This is particularly important for children. […] How else can I reduce my risk for cancer? The following may help reduce the risk of developing cancer: Choose a healthy diet to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Eat more vegetables, fruits and whole grains and eat less red and processed (e.g., bacon, sausage, luncheon meat, hot dogs) meats. These actions may reduce the risk of developing many types of cancer as well as other diseases. Exercise regularly. Do not smoke. If you currently smoke, quit. Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke. For more information on quitting smoking, visit the NYS Smoker’s Quitline at www.nysmokefree.com or call 1-866-NY-QUITS. Talk with your health care provider about recommended cancer screenings.

• #14 Bone Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.truemeds.in/diseases/cancer/bone-cancer-55

  Preventing bone cancer can be challenging, as many risk factors, such as genetic predispositions, are not modifiable. However, some general preventive measures include: […] Minimising radiation exposure: Limiting exposure to radiation, particularly in young individuals, may lower the risk of developing bone cancer later in life. This includes both medical radiation exposure and environmental sources. […] Genetic counselling: For those with a family history of genetic disorders that increase bone cancer risk, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, genetic counselling and testing can help identify potential risks early on. This allows for closer monitoring and early intervention if necessary. […] Regular monitoring of benign conditions: Benign bone conditions like Paget’s disease and multiple enchondromatosis can increase the risk of bone cancer. Regular check-ups and monitoring of these conditions can aid in the early detection of any malignant changes, improving treatment outcomes.

• #15 Follow These 5 Important Tips To Prevent Bone Cancer | OnlyMyHealth

  https://www.onlymyhealth.com/tips-to-prevent-bone-cancer-1642073856

  Bone cancer is a rare type of cancer that has many causes. Here are some tips that can help in preventing it. […] The factors behind most bone cancers are not known. Some cases of bone cancers have been linked to hereditary reasons, while others are related to any previous radiation treatment. There are no specific and ways that have been known yet to prevent bone cancer. However, the following tips can help in keeping your bones healthy and cancer free: […] 1. Avoid smoking […] A healthy lifestyle is one of the major elements to keep many cancers away. Smoking is surely a no no to live a happy, healthy and cancer free life. […] 2. Healthy diet […] Taking a healthy, balanced and nutritious diet is important to have an optimum body weight. This can help in preventing some types of cancers and fighting some unnecessary complications.

• #16 Follow These 5 Important Tips To Prevent Bone Cancer | OnlyMyHealth

  https://www.onlymyhealth.com/tips-to-prevent-bone-cancer-1642073856

  3. Limit alcohol […] High alcohol content can increase the risk of certain types of cancer. However, moderate drinking is an option that can reduce the risk. […] 4. Exercise […] Daily physical activity can help in improving bone health and keeping the overall body healthy. […] 5. Get checked regularly […] Early detection of cancer is a key factor for effective prevention and treatment before metastasis. […] The above listed tips can help in the prevention of bone cancer. […] Early diagnosis is one of the best ways to for the successful treatment of bone cancer.

• #17 Bone Cancer Risk Factors: What You Need to Know

  https://www.actioncancerhospital.com/blog/bone-cancer-risk-factors-what-you-need-to-know

  10. Growth Spurts: Rapid bone growth during adolescence may be linked to an increased risk of osteosarcoma. Understanding this association is crucial for healthcare providers and parents to monitor bone health during periods of rapid growth. Recognizing these contributors enables healthcare professionals to create preventive strategies and encourages individuals to be proactive in monitoring their bone health. […] Prevention Strategies For Your Bone Health […] While certain risk factors for bone cancer may be beyond our control, adopting specific lifestyle measures is crucial in promoting overall bone health and potentially lowering the risk of developing bone cancer. Here are key prevention strategies to consider: […] Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle […] Eating a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D is fundamental for bone health. These nutrients contribute to bone strength and density, reducing the risk of bone-related issues. Incorporate dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods into your diet.

• #18 Bone Cancer Symptoms and How to Prevent It – EMC Healthcare – SAME

  https://www.emc.id/en/care-plus/bone-cancer-full-review-of-symptoms-and-early-prevention

  Maintain an ideal body weight through a combination of a healthy diet and physical activity, because obesity can increase the risk of cancer. […] If exposed to radiation in work or daily activities, be sure to use appropriate protection. […] Be aware of personal risk factors such as a family history of cancer or certain genetic conditions, and take appropriate preventative steps. […] Ensure adequate vitamin D intake for bone health. […] Avoid contact with dangerous chemicals or heavy metals that can increase the risk of bone cancer. […] Avoid activities that have a risk of causing bone injury. If injury occurs, seek appropriate medical treatment immediately. […] Bone cancer, although relatively rare, is a serious disease that can affect anyone. Understanding the symptoms and risk factors can help in early detection and increase the chances of recovery. Although there is no sure way to prevent it, adopting a healthy lifestyle and getting regular check-ups can help lower the risk and improve overall health.

• #19 How to Prevent Bone Cancer? | Tips to Reduce Risk

  https://amerixcancer.com/how-to-prevent-bone-cancer/

  Bone cancer is easier to treat when it is diagnosed at an early stage. By understanding the risk factors and preventative measures for bone cancer, you can reduce the chance of getting bone cancer. […] Preventing bone cancer can be a daunting task if you have some inherited genetic mutations or other disease conditions. Other risk factors, which are mostly lifestyle-related, can be changed. Reducing the risk factors can directly reduce your risk of getting bone cancer. […] The following measures have been found useful in several studies which focused on reducing the risk of bone cancer: […] The best way to prevent advanced-stage cancer is a routine check-up. […] Radiation is a significant risk factor for bone cancer. Completely avoid unnecessary radiation exposure. […] A high-fibre and low-fat diet with all essential nutrients and proteins should be followed. […] Physical inactivity is a significant risk of bone cancer. […] Smoking or chewing tobacco reduces bone density and weakens them. […] If you have been diagnosed with Pagets disease or osteoporosis, pay extra attention to your bone health.

• #20 How to Prevent Bone Cancer & Risk Factor | HCG Oncology

  http://www.hcgoncology.com/types-of-cancers/bone-cancer-prevention/

  Another effective means of reducing the chances of developing bone cancer is getting checked regularly for any bone infections, trauma, or bone cancer symptoms. […] Understanding bone cancer prevention and risk factors is highly helpful for doctors in selecting a relevant line of treatment as per an individual patient’s needs and requirements. Also, individuals can take proactive steps to reduce their chances of developing cancer. […] Yes, early detection and timely treatment of bone diseases may help reduce the risk of bone cancer.

• #21 Bone Cancer Risk Factors: What You Need to Know

  https://www.actioncancerhospital.com/blog/bone-cancer-risk-factors-what-you-need-to-know

  Regular exercise is a cornerstone of overall well-being and has protective effects on bones. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, jogging, or weightlifting, stimulate bone growth and help maintain bone density. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. […] Protective Gear […] Individuals involved in activities with a risk of injury, such as contact sports or construction work, should prioritize the use of appropriate protective gear. Helmets, knee pads, and other protective equipment can prevent bone damage and reduce the likelihood of injuries that may contribute to bone cancer. […] Quit Smoking. […] Smoking is associated with various cancers, and its detrimental effects extend to bone health. Quitting smoking has numerous health benefits, including a positive impact on bone density. Seek support and resources to quit smoking, promoting a healthier lifestyle.

• #22 Treatment and Prevention of Bone Metastases

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/bone-cancer/bone-metastases/treatment-and-prevention-of-bone-metastases

  Prevention of bone metastases may be possible in some patients who are at high risk of developing bone metastases through treatment with bisphosphonate drugs. Bisphosphonate drugs can effectively prevent loss of bone that occurs from metastatic bone damage, reduce the risk of fractures, and decrease pain. […] Bisphosphonate drugs can effectively prevent loss of bone that occurs from metastatic lesions, reduce the risk of fractures, and decrease pain. […] Bisphosphonates have been shown to prevent or delay bone destruction and related pain in clinical trials involving patients with bone metastases related to: Breast cancer, Prostate cancer, Lung cancer, Multiple myeloma, Renal cell carcinoma. […] The bisphosphonate drugs Zometa and Aredia continue to be evaluated in clinical trials in order to determine their ability to decrease skeletal complications from cancer, reduce osteoporosis, and prevent the spread of cancer in bones. Other bisphosphonate drugs such as clodronate and Boniva are also being evaluated in clinical trials. Results from a clinical trial presented at the 2004 annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology suggest that clodronate may prevent or delay bone metastases from occurring and improve survival for patients with early stage breast cancer.

• #23 Treatment and Prevention of Bone Metastases from Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence for Clinical Practice

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/3/1/1

  Bone is the most common site of metastasis from breast cancer. […] With regards to prevention, there is no evidence that oral bisphosphonates can prevent bone metastases in advanced breast cancer without skeletal involvement. […] The current published data do not support the routine use of bisphosphonates in unselected patients with early breast cancer for metastasis prevention. […] Given the available evidence, the Cancer Australia NBOCC Guidelines do not support the use of bisphosphonates to prevent bone metastases or SREs in women with metastatic breast cancer without clinically evident bone metastasis. […] Current evidence do not support the routine use of adjuvant bisphosphonates in unselected women with early breast cancer.

• #24 Prevention and treatment of bone metastases | Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/nrclinonc.2011.198

  Bone-targeting treatments have transformed the quality of life of patients with metastatic bone disease. […] 2011 saw the emergence of denosumab, a RANK ligand-specific antibody, as a more-effective alternative treatment to bisphosphonates and of data on the use of bone-targeting treatments to prevent metastasis from breast and prostate cancers.

• #25 Drug treatments to protect your bones | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatments-and-drugs/drug-treatments-to-protect-your-bones

  Your doctor may suggest you have treatment to protect your bone health. This may be because: […] you are having a cancer treatment that increases your risk of developing osteopenia or osteoporosis and risk of bone fracture. […] Bisphosphonates are a widely used bone strengthening treatment. They can help to: […] prevent cancer spreading to the bone. […] A drug called denosumab may be used to strengthen and protect bones from the effect of cancer or cancer treatment. […] Oestrogen helps protect your bones. If your oestrogen levels are low because of cancer treatment, your doctor may give you HRT to replace the oestrogen. This will depend on the type of cancer you have. HRT can help to protect bone health and reduce menopausal symptoms. […] A type of PTH called teriparatide (Forsteo) is made as a treatment in a laboratory. […] It cannot be given to people with cancer in the bone.

• #26 Use of osteoclast inhibitors in early breast cancer – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/use-of-osteoclast-inhibitors-in-early-breast-cancer

  Bisphosphonates and denosumab are potent inhibitors of osteoclast activity. They are US Food and Drug Administration approved for managing osteoporosis and bone metastases from a variety of malignancies. They aid in treating therapy-related bone loss and complement nutritional (calcium and vitamin D), exercise, and healthy lifestyle behaviors. They have also been evaluated as adjuvant treatments in breast cancer. […] This topic will review the use of bisphosphonates and denosumab for bone health and their impact on breast cancer outcomes in the adjuvant setting.

• #27 How Bone Metastases From Cancer Are Treated

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/bone-modifying-drugs-for-cancer-with-bone-metastases-4153981

  Bone-strengthening drugs for cancer are now available. They can help treat cancer that has spread to the bones (bone metastasis), which is quite common. […] These bone-modifying agents can help people with cancer in several ways: […] Reducing the risk of bone metastases from breast cancer and possibly prostate cancer by a third. […] Bone-modifying agents are recommended for anyone with breast cancer that’s spread to the bone and are frequently used with other solid tumors (such as lung cancer). […] Bisphosphonates are also approved for postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. In clinical trials, Zometa was found to reduce the risk of bone metastases by one-third and the risk of death by one-sixth. […] Denosumab was also found to reduce the risk of treatment-related osteoporosis in breast cancer and prostate cancer. […] The bisphosphonates Aredia and Zometa and the monoclonal antibody denosumab can reduce the risk of fractures. […] Zometa is also recommended as an add-on treatment for early-stage breast cancer to reduce the chance of bone metastases.

• #28 JCM | Special Issue : Prevention and Treatment of Bone Metastases from Breast Cancer

  https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/breast-cancer-prevention-treatment

  Bone metastases are common in advanced breast cancer and cause considerable morbidity. […] Bone-targeted treatments may modify the course of the disease via inhibitory effects on this “vicious cycle” of growth factor and cytokine signalling between tumour and bone cells within the bone marrow micro-environment. […] Improvements in both disease free and overall survival in women with early breast cancer have been demonstrated with oral clodronate and in several large randomised adjuvant trials of zoledronic acid. […] Bone-targeted agents, including bisphosphonates and denosumab, are an important component of management in advanced malignancy. […] Combined with systemic cancer therapy, effective symptom control and appropriate surgical and radiological interventions, modern multi-disciplinary care has transformed the care of patients with metastatic bone disease. […] Adjuvant therapy to prevent bone metastases. […] Bone targeted treatments for the management of bone metastases.

• #29 Comparing Radiation Therapy to Usual Care for Patients With High-Risk Bone Asymptomatic Metastases | Division of Cancer Prevention

  https://prevention.cancer.gov/clinical-trials/clinical-trials-search/nct06745024

  Evidence has shown that preventative radiation therapy may be effective in lowering the number of bone metastases-related complications, however, it is not known if this approach is superior to usual care. […] Adding radiation therapy to usual care may be more effective in preventing bone-related complications than usual care alone in cancer patients with asymptomatic high-risk bone metastases.

• #30 Secondary bone cancer | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/secondary-bone-cancer

  As secondary bone cancer is always caused by a primary cancer there is no prevention advice specific to this disease. […] Having a generally healthy lifestyle including not smoking, maintaining a healthy diet and weight and limiting alcohol consumption may be protective.

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