Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ampullary cancer: 9 things to know about this rare gastrointestinal cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/ampullary-cancer-9-insights-on-this-rare-gastrointestinal-cancer.h00-159542112.html

  Ampullary cancer is a rare type of gastrointestinal cancer with symptoms so similar to pancreatic cancer that it is sometimes mistaken for the disease. […] The most common ampullary cancer symptom is jaundice yellowing of the skin and eyes. This happens because a tumor in the ampulla of Vater blocks the bile duct from emptying its contents into the small intestine. The bile has nowhere to go, so it backs up into the bloodstream and causes jaundice. […] Besides jaundice, other ampullary cancer symptoms include weight loss, nausea or vomiting, abdominal and back pain, severe itching, diarrhea, digestive tract bleeding, pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), and stools that appear pale and greasy. […] If cancer remains undetected and untreated, it can spread to the nearby pancreas, liver, bile duct and small intestine. […] The five-year survival rate for people treated with the Whipple procedure ranges from 20% to 75%, based on how far the cancer has spread.

• #2 Progression of Metastatic, PD-L1–Positive, Ampullary Carcinoma with a Treatment Holiday from Off-Label Use of Pembrolizumab Therapy

  https://jhoponline.com/issue-archive/2020-issues/august-2020-vol-10-no-4/progression-of-metastatic-pd-l1-positive-ampullary-carcinoma-with-a-treatment-holiday-from-off-label-use-of-pembrolizumab-therapy

  Ampullary carcinoma is a rare type of tumor that arises from the ampulla of Vater, otherwise known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla. Currently, ampullary carcinoma represents only 0.2% of all neoplasms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. […] We present a case of using off-label pembrolizumab therapy that produced a durable response in a 75-year-old woman with microsatellite-stable, metastatic ampullary carcinoma and 35% PD-L1 expression. […] The disease remained stable after 12 months of pembrolizumab therapy, until a treatment holiday was initiated, when subsequently the patient had rapid disease progression. […] On resumption of pembrolizumab therapy, the disease was again controlled, suggesting the possibility of an important role for pembrolizumab therapy in the setting of metastatic ampullary carcinoma.

• #3 Ampullary Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Outlook

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21905-ampullary-cancer

  Ampullary cancer is a rare and aggressive type of carcinoma that forms in an area of your body called the ampulla of Vater. The most common symptom is jaundice, or yellowing, in your skin and eyes. People with ampullary cancer usually develop jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin). This is because the tumor can block your bile ducts. As a result, the backed-up bile (a yellowish fluid) flows into your bloodstream instead of your small intestine (where its supposed to go). […] Other ampullary cancer symptoms include: Unexplained weight loss, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Abdominal pain, Back pain, Itchy skin, Fever, Diarrhea, Anemia, Pancreatitis, Rectal bleeding, Fatty poops (may be greasy and clay-colored). […] The only potential cure for ampullary cancer is surgery that removes it completely. Curative treatments usually only work with early-stage cancers. If theres no way to remove the tumor completely, your healthcare team can work with you on treatments to slow tumor growth and reduce your symptoms.

• #4 Diagnosis of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2794353/

  When jaundice, right upper abdominal pain, and abnormal findings detected by hemato-biochemical examination of the hepatobiliary system have been observed, examination should be carried out, bearing biliary tract carcinoma in mind (recommendation B). […] In 90% of patients with bile duct cancer, the initial symptom is jaundice. Other symptoms, including pruritus, mild upper abdominal pain, and weight loss are found in more than half of the patients with this cancer. […] The clinical symptoms frequently encountered in ampullary carcinoma are jaundice, pyrexia, abdominal pain followed by general lassitude, weight loss, anorexia, and back pain. Jaundice is reported to be observed in 72%90% of these patients, but it is characterized by occasional fluctuation. There is a report that pyrexia is present in 44% and abdominal pain occurs in 45% of patients.

• #5 Ampullary Cancer Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/ampullary-cancer.htm

  Ampullary cancer is a rare cancer arising from the ampulla of Vater, the anatomical structure that connects the common bile duct and pancreatic duct to the small intestine. […] The most common symptom is jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, which occurs in 80% of patients with ampullary cancer. This occurs because the tumor obstructs the flow of pancreatic and biliary juices into the intestine. This type of jaundice is referred to as obstructive jaundice. In 15% of patients, the gallbladder can be distended and palpable (felt by pressing in the right upper area of the abdomen). Other symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, and abdominal pain. Less commonly, patients may develop acute pancreatitis. Finally, one-third of patients may have bleeding from the tumor into their intestines, causing anemia and occasionally noticeable blood in the stool.

• #6 Ampullary Cancer

  https://encyclopedia.nm.org/Library/HealthSheets/134,37

  The most common symptom of this cancer is jaundice. This is yellowing of the skin and eyes. It happens because the tumor in the ampulla of Vater blocks the bile duct. If bile flow is blocked from going into the intestines, it goes into the blood and causes yellowing of the skin and eyes. […] Other symptoms of the cancer are: Loss of appetite, Weight loss, Belly pain, Back pain, Itchy skin, Stomach upset and vomiting, Diarrhea, Fever, Digestive tract bleeding, Low red blood cell counts (anemia), Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), Pale, greasy stools, Fatigue. […] Many of these symptoms may be caused by other health problems. So its important to see your healthcare provider if you have these symptoms. Your provider will do exams and specific testing to find out if you have cancer.

• #7 Ampullary cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ampullary-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20355066

  Signs and symptoms of ampullary cancer may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, called jaundice. […] Diarrhea. […] Clay-colored stools. […] Abdominal pain. […] Fever. […] Blood in the stool. […] Nausea. […] Vomiting. […] Weight loss. […] Ampullary cancer is cancer that starts as a growth of cells in the ampulla of Vater. […] When ampullary cancer grows, it may affect these other organs.

• #8 Periampullary cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periampullary_cancer

  It presents with painless jaundice which may have a waxing and waning nature, because at times the sloughing of the tumor tissue relieves the obstruction partially. […] Signs and symptoms of periampullary cancer include: Jaundice (yellowing of skin, eyes and urine with pale stools), Itching, Abdominal pain, Weight loss and loss of appetite, Recurrent vomiting, Black stools, Anemia.

• #9 Ampullary cancer: Symptoms, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ampullary-cancer

  The most common symptom associated with ampullary cancer is obstructive jaundice. As the cancer grows, it can block the bile ducts and prevent the bile from entering the small intestine. […] Obstructive jaundice usually presents as yellowing of the eyes and skin alongside pale and foul-smelling stool and dark urine. In some cases, people may also have itchy skin. […] Other possible symptoms of ampullary cancer include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, pain that radiates to the back, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal bleeding. […] Some of these symptoms occur when ampullary cancer affects nearby organs, such as the small intestine, liver, and pancreas. […] A person with ampullary cancer will likely develop obstructive jaundice because the cancer blocks the bile ducts. This causes yellowing of the skin and eyes alongside pale, foul-smelling stool and dark urine.

• #10 Ampullary Cancer: Risk Factors, Treatments, and Prognosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/ampullary-cancer

  Common symptoms of ampullary cancer include: diarrhea, fatigue, gastrointestinal bleeding, pain that radiates to the back, and weight loss. […] The most common symptom in those with ampullary cancer is obstructive jaundice. This occurs when bile can’t pass to the small intestine. Symptoms associated with obstructive jaundice include: abdominal pain, dark urine, fatigue, fever, itchy skin, mental status changes, pale-colored stool, foul-smelling stools, and yellowing of the eyes or skin. […] Recurrence is when a cancer comes back after treatment. When ampullary cancer recurs, the cancer doesn’t always occur in the ampulla of Vater. Instead, cancerous cells may grow in areas such as the liver, lining of the abdominal cavity, lungs, or in multiple locations. The most common recurrence area is the liver.

• #11 Ampullary Carcinoma Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276413-clinical

  The most common clinical manifestation of ampullary carcinoma is jaundice, which occurs due to obstruction of the biliary tract by the tumor. Patients may also experience scleral icterus and pruritus because of obstruction of the bile duct. Other common complaints include dyspepsia, anorexia, malaise, and weight loss. […] Pancreatitis may sometimes be the initial clinical presentation due to pancreatic duct obstruction. Patients may therefore complain of symptoms of pancreatitis, such as epigastric/mid-abdominal pain, back pain, nausea, and vomiting. […] Diarrhea, a common but not universal symptom, might be associated with an absence of lipase within the gut because of pancreatic duct obstruction. […] Physical examination sometimes reveals a Courvoisiers sign (ie, a distended, palpable gallbladder in a patient with jaundice). Fever can be present, particularly when the biliary tract has been explored previously (eg, after common duct exploration for stones, or after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP]).

• #12 Ampullary Cancer: Risk Factors, Treatments, and Prognosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/ampullary-cancer

  Liver cancer symptoms may include unexplained weight loss, appetite loss, and feeling very full, even after just eating a small amount. […] Ampullary cancer tends to cause symptoms at earlier stages than other cancer types, such as pancreatic cancer. This helps to improve outcomes because the cancer is diagnosed at earlier, more treatable stages.

• #13 Ampullary Cancer – Rare Cancers Australia

  https://www.rarecancers.org.au/knowledgebase/cancer-types/ampullary-cancer/

  Ampullary cancer is a type of periampullary cancer. This is defined as a group of tumours that grow in close proximity to the ampulla of Vater in areas such as the pancreas, duodenum (the first segment of the small intestine) and the bile duct. However, unlike other periampullary cancers, symptoms of ampullary cancer tend to occur earlier in the disease and has a better prognosis. […] The symptoms of ampullary cancer will vary depending on stage and whether the tumour has metastasised (spread to other parts of the body). Some of these symptoms include: Jaundice, unexplained weight loss/loss of appetite, abdominal and/or back pain, pale, clay-coloured stools, rectal bleeding, fever, nausea and/or vomiting, pruritus, diarrhoea, pancreatitis. […] Not everyone with the symptoms above will have cancer but see your GP if you are concerned.

• #14 Ampullary Cancer: Symptoms, Staging and Survival Rate

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/ampullary-cancer

  Ampullary cancer is a type of cancer that develops in a small opening called the ampulla of Vater, where the pancreatic and bile ducts meet and then empty into the small intestine. […] Generally, ampullary cancer is diagnosed in patients 70 and older, but it may also occur earlier in patients with pre-existing health conditions. […] When ampullary cancer occurs, even if its small, it often blocks the bile duct. This may cause noticeable side effects, like yellowing of the skin, which may make it easier to notice that somethings wrong. […] Symptoms of ampullary cancer include: Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes (most common symptom), Weight loss, Fatigue, Gastrointestinal bleeding, including blood in stool, Diarrhea, Unexplained weight loss, Back pain. […] Its important to note that the presence of one or more of these symptoms doesnt necessarily mean theyre being caused by ampullary cancer. Patients should seek advice and speak to a doctor about any concerns involving changes to their body.

• #15 Ampullary Cancer | Its Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Guide

  https://fitwellhub.pk/ampullary-cancer/

  Patients usually suffer from upper abdominal pain that may prevail to the back. It is caused by the pressure exerted by the tumor on surrounding organs. […] Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms resulting from blockages of the digestive tract and often indicate an increase in the disease. […] Due to digestive tract blockages, it becomes difficult for the body to absorb nutrients. Therefore rapid and unintentional weight loss is common. […] These symptoms are caused by abnormal bile flow. Pale stools indicate less bile in the intestines, while dark urine indicates more bilirubin in the bloodstream. […] The body’s response to cancer and its metabolic demands on the patient causes persistent fatigue. […] Loss of appetite occurs due to digestive issues and general discomfort. Due to decreased food intake, it can cause weight loss. […] If you have persistent symptoms of jaundice, sudden weight loss, or abdominal pain, you should consult with a doctor. These signs are an indication of ampullary cancer or other severe problems. Early diagnosis increases the chances of successful treatment.

• #16 Ampullary Carcinoma: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276413-overview

  Patients typically present with symptoms related to biliary obstruction. […] The signs and symptoms of ampullary carcinoma are largely related to obstruction of the bile duct or pancreatic duct. They include the following: Jaundice secondary to biliary obstructionmost common clinical presentation, Abdominal pain, Dyspepsia, Malaise, Fever/chills, Anorexia, PancreatitisMay be the first clinical manifestation, due to obstruction of the pancreatic duct, PruritusSecondary to biliary obstruction, Nausea, Vomiting, Weight loss, Diarrhea, Upper GI bleed heme positive stoolsMay occur due to ulceration of ampullary mass (less common), Courvoisier gallbladder (ie, a distended, palpable gallbladder in a patient with jaundice). […] Patients with ampullary tumors have an overall better prognosis than those with pancreatic cancer and studies have demonstrated better survival after surgical resection for ampullary cancer. Ampullary tumors are more likely to result in biliary obstruction earlier in their course, and therefore tend to present at an earlier stage compared to most pancreatic cancers.

• #17 Ampullary cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/ampullary-cancer

  You should go to AE or call 999 if the bleeding isn’t stopping or there is lots of blood. […] This is called pancreatitis. It can cause you to have a fever, feel or be sick and have pain in your upper tummy (abdomen). This pain may go around to your back. […] See your GP or call NHS 111 urgently if you have these symptoms. […] See your GP if you have any of these symptoms. Although your symptoms are unlikely to be ampullary cancer, it is important to get them checked by a doctor.

• #17 Ampullary cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/ampullary-cancer

  Ampullary cancer is when abnormal cells in the ampulla divide in an uncontrolled way. […] Symptoms of ampullary cancer include yellowing of the skin and the white of your eyes (jaundice), blood in your poo, blood in your sick, inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), pain in your abdomen not caused by pancreatitis, loose poo (diarrhoea), and unexplained weight loss. […] If a cancer stops bile flowing into the duodenum, it goes into your bloodstream and tissues instead. This makes the whites of your eyes look yellow. Your skin may also appear yellow. […] Jaundice can also make you have light coloured poo, dark coloured pee, itchy skin, and a high temperature (fever) – this may make you feel cold and shivery. […] You should see a doctor urgently or call 111 if you have blood in your poo or have bloody loose stools (diarrhoea).

• #18 Ampullary Cancer Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/ampullary-cancer.htm

  Symptoms of ampullary cancer occur due to obstruction to the flow of the pancreatic and biliary secretions into the intestine. […] Symptoms and signs of ampullary cancer include: Intermittent or persistent jaundice, Loss of appetite, Weight loss, Anemia with or without symptoms of bleeding from the digestive tract, Itching, Abdominal pain. […] Nausea and vomiting, Acute pancreatitis, Back pain, which may be a sign of advanced stage, Fever, Diarrhea, which may be due to lack of pancreatic enzymes in the gut to digest the food, The gall bladder which stores bile may be distended and felt on examination. This sign is called the Courvoisier sign.

• #19 Ampullary Neoplasia | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/ampullary-neoplasia/

  Fortunately, patients with ampullary lesions often develop symptoms and signs relatively early in the course of the disease. This is the result of the lesion arising from the junction of the pancreatic and bile ducts, thus impeding flow of bile and/or pancreatic secretions. Jaundice is the presenting symptom in the majority of patients. Unlike patients with pancreatic head malignancy, jaundice may initially be intermittent. Biliary obstruction may also be associated with signs and symptoms of cholangitis. In addition, nonspecific symptoms such as weight loss, abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting may be seen. Obstructive jaundice, anemia due to blood loss, and a palpable gallbladder make up the classic triad of ampullary cancer, though this is seen in a small minority of patients. […] In an endoscopic series of 55 ampullary adenomas, 45% were asymptomatic, 16% had abdominal pain, 15% had jaundice, 9% had pancreatitis, and 15% had miscellaneous symptoms. […] Presentation with severe gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is uncommon but has been described with ampullary adenomas, carcinomas, metastatic malignancy, and mesenchymal tumors. In all cases they result from necrosis and ulceration of the overlying mucosa.

• #20 Homeopathy Treatment Of Ampullary Cancer

  https://wellinghomeopathy.com/understanding-ampullary-cancer-guide-to-treatment/

  Ampullary cancer typically displays symptoms in its early stages, something that distinguishes it from other pancreatic and biliary cancers. The most common symptom is jaundice, wherein the skin and eyes take on a yellowish tinge due to the tumor blocking the bile duct, leading to a build-up of bilirubin (a waste product) in the blood. Other associated symptoms include pale stools and dark urine. […] The patient might also experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and unexplained weight loss. Other signs include abdominal pain, particularly in the upper abdomen. It is also commonplace for patients to experience fatigue and generalized weakness. Loss of appetite due to nausea, abdominal discomfort, changes in metabolism, or other factors is also prevalent.

• #21 Periampullary Tumors – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555958/

  Ampullary cancer arises from ampulla of Vater terminal to the confluence of the distal common bile duct (CBD) and the pancreatic duct. […] The common presenting symptom at the time of diagnosis is obstructive jaundice due to distal biliary ductal blockage, which prompts further evaluation for diagnosis. These tumors can be associated with diarrhea, weight loss, pain radiating to back, occult gastrointestinal bleeding, and fatigue. […] Ampullary cancer often causes biliary obstruction. Other complications include that of the surgery, chemotherapy and radiation treatment. […] Any change in color of urine or yellowish discoloration of skin should prompt further medical evaluation as jaundice could be presenting symptoms. This cancer could be cured if presented at an early stage, therefore mandates prompt diagnostic and surgical evaluations.

• #22 Ampullary Cancer: Symptoms, Staging and Survival Rate

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/ampullary-cancer

  If ampullary cancer metastasizes, it tends to spread to the liver or abdominal lymph nodes. Generally, ampullary cancers are less aggressive than other cancer types that affect the head of the pancreas. […] Ampullary cancer has shown an average five-year survival rate of 30 to 67 percent after surgery, according to a study in Scientific Reports. However, rates vary from person to person and are affected by cancer subtypes, the overall health of the patient and how early the cancer was detected.

• #23 Ampullary Cancer | Padmavathi Gastro and Liver Hospital Miyapur, Madinaguda | Best liver transplant hospital in Hyderabad

  https://padmavathigastro.com/duodenum/ampullary-cancer.html

  Ampullary cancer begins when normal cells in the Ampulla of Vater change and start to grow out of control. A mass of cells can form called a tumour. […] At first, the cells are precancerous, meaning they are abnormal cells but not cancer yet. If the precancerous cells change into cancer or malignant cells, they can spread deeper or to other areas in the body. This condition is called ampullary cancer. […] A tumour blocking the Ampulla of Vater can interfere with fluids entering the small intestine. Because these fluids (such as bile) can build up in your blood, they can cause jaundice or yellow skin. […] Symptoms of Ampullary Cancer include weight loss, nausea or vomiting, jaundice (yellow skin), severe itching (pruritus), abdomen pain, diarrhea (runny stool), and fever (temperature of 37.5o Celsius or higher). […] The tumour has spread from the small intestine to other organs such as the pancreas or lymph nodes.

• #24 Progression of Metastatic, PD-L1–Positive, Ampullary Carcinoma with a Treatment Holiday from Off-Label Use of Pembrolizumab Therapy

  https://jhoponline.com/issue-archive/2020-issues/august-2020-vol-10-no-4/18303-progression-of-metastatic-pd-l1-positive-ampullary-carcinoma-with-a-treatment-holiday-from-off-label-use-of-pembrolizumab-therapy

  Ampullary carcinoma, a rare type of tumor that arises from the ampulla of Vater, represents only 0.2% of all gastrointestinal (GI) tract neoplasms to date. […] We present a case of using off-label pembrolizumab therapy that produced a durable response in a 75-year-old woman with microsatellite-stable, metastatic ampullary carcinoma and 35% PD-L1 expression. […] The disease remained stable after 12 months of pembrolizumab therapy, until a treatment holiday was initiated, when subsequently the patient had rapid disease progression. […] On resumption of pembrolizumab therapy, the disease was again controlled, suggesting the possibility of an important role for pembrolizumab therapy in the setting of metastatic ampullary carcinoma. […] The patient reported worsening abdominal pain. Repeated imaging with a C/A/P CT scan indicated disease recurrence, and the patient’s CA 19-9 level had increased from 24.4 IU/mL at the beginning of cycle 21 to 108.8 IU/mL before instituting cycle 22.

• #25 Progression of Metastatic, PD-L1–Positive, Ampullary Carcinoma with a Treatment Holiday from Off-Label Use of Pembrolizumab Therapy

  https://jhoponline.com/issue-archive/2020-issues/august-2020-vol-10-no-4/18303-progression-of-metastatic-pd-l1-positive-ampullary-carcinoma-with-a-treatment-holiday-from-off-label-use-of-pembrolizumab-therapy

  Considering the patient’s worsening clinical status and the evidence of disease progression, pembrolizumab therapy was promptly resumed 10 weeks from the last cycle, at a dose of 200 mg, administered intravenously every 3 weeks. […] Within 1 cycle of restarting pembrolizumab therapy, the patient reported a significant improvement in abdominal pain, and her CA 19-9 level decreased to 69.1 IU/mL at the end of cycle 22. […] This case report describes a patient with 35% PD-L1 expression, microsatellite-stable, metastatic ampullary carcinoma who had stable disease with pembrolizumab therapy in the third line. […] Of note, the patient had rapid disease progression when a treatment holiday was initiated, after having received more than 12 months of pembrolizumab therapy at that point. […] On resumption of pembrolizumab therapy, clinical disease control was regained in this patient, raising the question whether pembrolizumab should be stopped when used in the setting of metastatic ampullary carcinoma.

• #26 Ampullary Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Outlook

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21905-ampullary-cancer

  Ampullary cancer is life-threatening, and survival rates decrease as the cancer stage increases. The five-year survival rate for people who receive the Whipple procedure ranges from 35% to 62%. This means that up to 62 out of 100 people who had the Whipple procedure for ampullary cancer are still alive after five years.

• #27 Orphanet: Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater

  https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/300557

  Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is a rare malignant tumor originating from the ampulla of Vater that can present with symptoms of general fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and, most commonly, painless obstructive jaundice. […] In general, carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater has a better prognosis (5-year survival rate of 45%) than cancers of the distal bile duct and pancreas.

• #28 Ampullary cancer: symptoms, stages, treatment and survival rate | Dr. Nikhil Agrawal | Delhi, India

  https://www.drnikhilagrawal.com/ampullary-cancer

  Ampullary cancer is a rare type of cancer. Ampullary cancer arises from the cells lining the ampulla of Vater. Most of these cancers are adenocarcinomas. Ampullary cancers present earlier and have a better prognosis than other periampullary cancers. […] Ampullary cancers compress the bile duct, blocking the flow of bile and causing yellowing of eyes and urine called jaundice. Pale stools and itching usually accompany this. Other warning signs of ampullary cancer can be weight loss, loss of appetite and abdominal pain. Besides, ampullary cancers bleed causing black stools (melena) and anaemia. […] Signs and symptoms of ampullary cancer include jaundice (yellowing of skin, eyes and urine with pale stools), itching, abdominal pain, weight loss and loss of appetite, recurrent vomiting, black stools, anaemia, and fever. […] The 5-year survival rate of ampulla of Vater cancer after radical surgery ranges from 35.0% to 62.7%.

• #29 Ampullary Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Malignancy – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/cancer-topics/gastrointestinal-cancers/ampullary-adenocarcinoma-a-rare-malignancy/

  Ampullary adenocarcinoma is a rare disease with a lack of treatment data, therefore, managing the disease can be a challenge. […] Patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma typically present with jaundice, weight loss, signs and symptoms of chronic GI bleeding, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting in patients who are between age 60 and 70 years. […] Many of the patients symptoms are a direct result of the location of the tumor at the ampulla of Vater. […] A recent study by Okano and colleagues identified several poor prognostic indicators in patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma, including pancreatobiliary subtype, preoperative biliary drainage, elevated CA19.9 and total bilirubin, evidence of nodal metastasis, pathological grade, and regional tissue invasion.

• #30 Ampullary Cancer: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

  https://www.netmeds.com/health-library/post/ampullary-cancer-causes-symptoms-and-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOoqWUxm018uT6rAjhajQhHwxL_cWqkRgMt85j6Xk6U-irgHtKdUi

  Although Ampullary cancer chiefly affects the ampulla of Vater, it can gradually spread and affect other parts of the digestive system, such as the liver, pancreas, and small intestine as well. […] The characteristic signs and symptoms usually depend on the size of the tumour and whether it has manifested in other parts of the body. These include: Jaundice, Pancreatitis, Pain in the abdomen, Sudden weight loss, Loss of appetite, Nausea and vomiting, Fever, Diarrhoea, Anaemia, Clay-coloured stools (poop), Rectal bleeding, Back pain, Itchy skin. […] On noticing any of the above-mentioned signs and symptoms, do consult a specialised doctor at the earliest to initiate the treatment right away.

• #31 Ampullary cancer – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/ampullary-cancer/

  Signs and symptoms of ampullary cancer may include: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, called jaundice. Diarrhea. Clay-colored stools. Abdominal pain. Fever. Blood in the stool. Nausea. Vomiting. Weight loss. […] Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any persistent symptoms that worry you. […] Ampullary cancer happens when cells in the ampulla of Vater develop changes in their DNA. […] The cancer cells might form a mass called a tumor. The tumor can grow to invade and destroy healthy body tissue. In time, cancer cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body. When cancer spreads, its called metastatic cancer.

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