Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an increase in the bacterial content of the small intestine above normal values. The presence of SIBO is detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and is significantly associated with smoking, bloating, abdominal pain, and anemia. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO. The risk of SIBO increases with age and does not depend on gender or race. SIBO complicates the course of a number of diseases and may be of pathogenetic significance in the development of their symptoms. SIBO is significantly associated with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal bloating, functional constipation, functional diarrhea, short bowel syndrome, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, lactase deficiency, diverticular and celiac diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohns disease, cirrhosis, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), primary biliary cholangitis, gastroparesis, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, gallstone disease, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, acromegaly, multiple sclerosis, autism, Parkinsons disease, systemic sclerosis, spondylarthropathy, fibromyalgia, asthma, heart failure, and other diseases. The development of SIBO is often associated with a slowdown in orocecal transit time that decreases the normal clearance of bacteria from the small intestine. In a number of diseases, including cirrhosis, MAFLD, diabetes, and pancreatitis, an association was found between disease severity and the presence of SIBO. Further work on the effect of SIBO eradication on the condition and prognosis of patients with various diseases is required.

• #2 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  The presence of SIBO was detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and was significantly associated with smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 6.66], bloating (OR = 5.39), abdominal pain (OR = 4.78), and anemia (OR = 4.08). The risk of SIBO increased with age [OR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07] and did not depend on gender or race. […] A meta-analysis of 19 studies revealed that PPI therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.20-2.43). The prevalence of SIBO increased after 1 year of continuous PPI use. […] Breath tests revealed that 68.1% of patients with functional bowel diseases also had SIBO. […] A meta-analysis of seven studies found that the prevalence of SIBO in functional dyspepsia is 34.7% (95%CI: 24.8%-45.4%).

• #3 How to Recognize and Treat Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/20/6017

  Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) is a form of dysbiosis that involves increased bacterial colonization of the small intestine with some of the bacteria more characteristic of the colon microbiota. The prevalence of SIBO over recent decades has been estimated to range from 2.5 to 22% (depending on the source) and to increase with age and among individuals with comorbidities. […] The exact prevalence of SIBO in the general population is unknown. Most authors report rates between 2.5 and 22% and emphasize that the prevalence increases with age and in populations with comorbidities. […] The problem of SIBO has been steadily gaining attention since the first half of the 2000s. However, controversies remain as to its diagnostics and management. This review presents the most recent data on epidemiology, the pathological mechanism, clinical presentation, and recommended diagnostic and therapeutic management of SIBO.

• #4 SciELO Brazil – DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH: AN OFFICIAL POSITION PAPER FROM THE BRAZILIAN FEDERATION OF GASTROENTEROLOGY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH: AN OFFICIAL POSITION PAPER FR

  https://www.scielo.br/j/ag/a/c9QqsJxzW9xNJxDPN5sL8ck/

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in bacterial population in the small intestine, leading to symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, distension, diarrhea, and eventually malabsorption. […] In Brazil, the relevance of SIBO in gastroenterology is increasingly recognized due to its potential widespread impact, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with predisposing gastrointestinal conditions. […] Despite this growing awareness, there is a significant gap in both clinical practice and research within the country. Notably, there is a marked scarcity of local epidemiological data, with few studies specifically investigating SIBO in the Brazilian population. […] The global prevalence of SIBO varies widely, reported between 2.5% and 22%, with higher rates observed in older adults and individuals with comorbid conditions. In Brazil, data are sparse, yet some studies have begun to shed light on SIBO’s local impact.

• #5 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  The presence of SIBO was detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and was significantly associated with smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 6.66], bloating (OR = 5.39), abdominal pain (OR = 4.78), and anemia (OR = 4.08). The risk of SIBO increased with age [OR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07] and did not depend on gender or race. […] A meta-analysis of 19 studies revealed that PPI therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.20-2.43). The prevalence of SIBO increased after 1 year of continuous PPI use. […] Breath tests revealed that 68.1% of patients with functional bowel diseases also had SIBO. […] A meta-analysis of seven studies found that the prevalence of SIBO in functional dyspepsia is 34.7% (95%CI: 24.8%-45.4%).

• #6 Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestinal_bacterial_overgrowth

  According to breath testing, SIBO may be present in 34% of people with gastrointestinal symptoms. SIBO affects males and females in equal proportion. Race does not affect the risk of SIBO.

• #7 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  The presence of SIBO was detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and was significantly associated with smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 6.66], bloating (OR = 5.39), abdominal pain (OR = 4.78), and anemia (OR = 4.08). The risk of SIBO increased with age [OR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07] and did not depend on gender or race. […] A meta-analysis of 19 studies revealed that PPI therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.20-2.43). The prevalence of SIBO increased after 1 year of continuous PPI use. […] Breath tests revealed that 68.1% of patients with functional bowel diseases also had SIBO. […] A meta-analysis of seven studies found that the prevalence of SIBO in functional dyspepsia is 34.7% (95%CI: 24.8%-45.4%).

• #8 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  The presence of SIBO was detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and was significantly associated with smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 6.66], bloating (OR = 5.39), abdominal pain (OR = 4.78), and anemia (OR = 4.08). The risk of SIBO increased with age [OR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07] and did not depend on gender or race. […] A meta-analysis of 19 studies revealed that PPI therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.20-2.43). The prevalence of SIBO increased after 1 year of continuous PPI use. […] Breath tests revealed that 68.1% of patients with functional bowel diseases also had SIBO. […] A meta-analysis of seven studies found that the prevalence of SIBO in functional dyspepsia is 34.7% (95%CI: 24.8%-45.4%).

• #9 Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/symptoms-causes/syc-20370168

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs when there is an abnormal increase in the overall bacterial population in the small intestine particularly types of bacteria not commonly found in that part of the digestive tract. […] Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) can be caused by: […] Complications of abdominal surgery, including gastric bypass for obesity and gastrectomy to treat peptic ulcers and stomach cancer. […] Certain medical conditions, including Crohn’s disease, radiation enteritis, scleroderma, celiac disease, diabetes or other conditions that can slow movement (motility) of food and waste products through the small intestine. […] Factors that increase your risk of SIBO include: […] History of radiation therapy to the abdomen. […] Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) can cause escalating problems, including: […] Poor absorption of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. […] Vitamin deficiency. […] Weakened bones (osteoporosis). […] Kidney stones.

• #10 Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth | springermedizin.de

  https://www.springermedizin.de/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/27494088

  For much of its history, altered bowel anatomy was the primary risk factor for the development of SIBO. The blind small bowel loop formed during bypass surgery was postulated to result in increased stasis and promote excessive growth of enteric bacteria. Other consequences of intra-abdominal surgery can also lead to development of SIBO, including postsurgical adhesions, ileocecal resection which results in backflow of colonic microbes into the small bowel, or anastomotic strictures. Dysmotility resulting in slow intestinal transit has more recently become its own independent risk factor for SIBO. Notably, adhesions can occur in the absence of prior surgery, most commonly in the setting of endometriosis, missed appendicitis or ovarian pathology. […] The aim of this paper is to review the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of SIBO.

• #11 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v29/i22/3400.htm

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an increase in the bacterial content of the small intestine above normal values. The presence of SIBO is detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and is significantly associated with smoking, bloating, abdominal pain, and anemia. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO. The risk of SIBO increases with age and does not depend on gender or race. SIBO complicates the course of a number of diseases and may be of pathogenetic significance in the development of their symptoms. SIBO is significantly associated with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal bloating, functional constipation, functional diarrhea, short bowel syndrome, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, lactase deficiency, diverticular and celiac diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohns disease, cirrhosis, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), primary biliary cholangitis, gastroparesis, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, gallstone disease, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, acromegaly, multiple sclerosis, autism, Parkinsons disease, systemic sclerosis, spondylarthropathy, fibromyalgia, asthma, heart failure, and other diseases. The development of SIBO is often associated with a slowdown in orocecal transit time that decreases the normal clearance of bacteria from the small intestine. In a number of diseases, including cirrhosis, MAFLD, diabetes, and pancreatitis, an association was found between disease severity and the presence of SIBO. Further work on the effect of SIBO eradication on the condition and prognosis of patients with various diseases is required.

• #12 Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/symptoms-causes/syc-20370168

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs when there is an abnormal increase in the overall bacterial population in the small intestine particularly types of bacteria not commonly found in that part of the digestive tract. […] Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) can be caused by: […] Complications of abdominal surgery, including gastric bypass for obesity and gastrectomy to treat peptic ulcers and stomach cancer. […] Certain medical conditions, including Crohn’s disease, radiation enteritis, scleroderma, celiac disease, diabetes or other conditions that can slow movement (motility) of food and waste products through the small intestine. […] Factors that increase your risk of SIBO include: […] History of radiation therapy to the abdomen. […] Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) can cause escalating problems, including: […] Poor absorption of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. […] Vitamin deficiency. […] Weakened bones (osteoporosis). […] Kidney stones.

• #13 Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO): Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/sibo-overview-what-is-it

  Studies on people with IBS have found SIBO rates ranging from 4% to 78%. Those studies have found rates in healthy people from 1% to 40%. One problem is that different testing methods can produce widely varying results. Scientists are trying to figure out the best testing methods to find the true rates. In general, studies show higher rates in older than in younger people and links with additional conditions including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), liver disorders, and the aftermath of stomach surgery. […] Age is an important risk factor for SIBO because older people are more likely to have medical conditions that cause low stomach acid or slow-moving digestion. They also take more medication. […] Having stomach surgery for ulcers or obesity also can increase risk, as can radiation treatments of the abdomen. […] Some of the medical conditions that can increase risk include: Diabetes, Lupus, Celiac disease, IBDs, IBS, Pancreatitis, Colon cancer, Scleroderma, Chronic kidney failure, Liver disease.

• #14 Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212861-overview

  Moreover, the prevalence of bacterial overgrowth syndrome (BOS) can vary depending on the population used and the diagnostic methods applied. In healthy individuals, BOS rates range between 0-12.5% by the glucose breath test, 20-22% by the lactulose breath test, and 0-35% with the C D-xylose breath test. […] BOS tends to be more common in the elderly population due to factors such as decreased gastric acid secretion and consumption of multiple medications that can lead to hypomotility, with BOS being linked to occult malabsorption in this demographic.

• #15 Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO): Causes & Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/sibo-overview-what-is-it

  Studies on people with IBS have found SIBO rates ranging from 4% to 78%. Those studies have found rates in healthy people from 1% to 40%. One problem is that different testing methods can produce widely varying results. Scientists are trying to figure out the best testing methods to find the true rates. In general, studies show higher rates in older than in younger people and links with additional conditions including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), liver disorders, and the aftermath of stomach surgery. […] Age is an important risk factor for SIBO because older people are more likely to have medical conditions that cause low stomach acid or slow-moving digestion. They also take more medication. […] Having stomach surgery for ulcers or obesity also can increase risk, as can radiation treatments of the abdomen. […] Some of the medical conditions that can increase risk include: Diabetes, Lupus, Celiac disease, IBDs, IBS, Pancreatitis, Colon cancer, Scleroderma, Chronic kidney failure, Liver disease.

• #16 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

  https://www.e-cep.org/m/journal/view.php?number=20125555650

  Although the prevalence of SIBO varies widely depending on test method and study size, it is reportedly approximately 2.5%22%. […] SIBO occurs more often in IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) than in those with IBS with constipation (IBS-C). […] The prevalence of SIBO in IBS subjects versus controls was 62.3% versus 33.5% for the lactulose breath test and 20.7% versus 4.4% for glucose. […] Despite fewer studies of SIBO in children versus adults, clinical studies have recently been published on a variety of pediatric patients. […] The prevalence of SIBO in children with various diseases was reported previously. […] Data on the epidemiology of SIBO in children are limited by a lack of controls, variations in test methodology, and varying diagnostic cut-offs used. […] SIBO may be positive in healthy controls with an estimated incidence of 0%35% in healthy children.

• #17 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

  https://www.e-cep.org/m/journal/view.php?number=20125555650

  Although the prevalence of SIBO varies widely depending on test method and study size, it is reportedly approximately 2.5%22%. […] SIBO occurs more often in IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) than in those with IBS with constipation (IBS-C). […] The prevalence of SIBO in IBS subjects versus controls was 62.3% versus 33.5% for the lactulose breath test and 20.7% versus 4.4% for glucose. […] Despite fewer studies of SIBO in children versus adults, clinical studies have recently been published on a variety of pediatric patients. […] The prevalence of SIBO in children with various diseases was reported previously. […] Data on the epidemiology of SIBO in children are limited by a lack of controls, variations in test methodology, and varying diagnostic cut-offs used. […] SIBO may be positive in healthy controls with an estimated incidence of 0%35% in healthy children.

• #18 The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and methane production in patients with myelomeningocele and constipation | Spinal Cord

  https://www.nature.com/articles/sc2013131

  The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), methane (CH4) production and orocecal transit time (OCTT) in children affected by myelomeningocele. […] Thirty-nine percent (7/18) of the children showed SIBO and 61% (11/18) presented a delayed OCTT. […] The association between CH4 and constipation suggests that CH4 has an active role in the development of constipation. […] It is well documented in literature that delayed orocecal transit time (OCTT) predisposes to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, because of the stasis, which, in turn, promotes excess bacterial proliferation and inflammation. […] Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined by the presence of 1 106CFUml1 of intestinal aspirate and/or the presence of colonic-type species.

• #19 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an increase in the bacterial content of the small intestine above normal values. The presence of SIBO is detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and is significantly associated with smoking, bloating, abdominal pain, and anemia. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO. The risk of SIBO increases with age and does not depend on gender or race. SIBO complicates the course of a number of diseases and may be of pathogenetic significance in the development of their symptoms. SIBO is significantly associated with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal bloating, functional constipation, functional diarrhea, short bowel syndrome, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, lactase deficiency, diverticular and celiac diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohns disease, cirrhosis, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), primary biliary cholangitis, gastroparesis, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, gallstone disease, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, acromegaly, multiple sclerosis, autism, Parkinsons disease, systemic sclerosis, spondylarthropathy, fibromyalgia, asthma, heart failure, and other diseases. The development of SIBO is often associated with a slowdown in orocecal transit time that decreases the normal clearance of bacteria from the small intestine. In a number of diseases, including cirrhosis, MAFLD, diabetes, and pancreatitis, an association was found between disease severity and the presence of SIBO. Further work on the effect of SIBO eradication on the condition and prognosis of patients with various diseases is required.

• #20 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37389240/

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an increase in the bacterial content of the small intestine above normal values. The presence of SIBO is detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and is significantly associated with smoking, bloating, abdominal pain, and anemia. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO. The risk of SIBO increases with age and does not depend on gender or race. […] SIBO complicates the course of a number of diseases and may be of pathogenetic significance in the development of their symptoms. SIBO is significantly associated with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal bloating, functional constipation, functional diarrhea, short bowel syndrome, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, lactase deficiency, diverticular and celiac diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, cirrhosis, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), primary biliary cholangitis, gastroparesis, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, gallstone disease, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, acromegaly, multiple sclerosis, autism, Parkinson’s disease, systemic sclerosis, spondylarthropathy, fibromyalgia, asthma, heart failure, and other diseases. […] In a number of diseases, including cirrhosis, MAFLD, diabetes, and pancreatitis, an association was found between disease severity and the presence of SIBO. Further work on the effect of SIBO eradication on the condition and prognosis of patients with various diseases is required.

• #21 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  The presence of SIBO was detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and was significantly associated with smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 6.66], bloating (OR = 5.39), abdominal pain (OR = 4.78), and anemia (OR = 4.08). The risk of SIBO increased with age [OR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07] and did not depend on gender or race. […] A meta-analysis of 19 studies revealed that PPI therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.20-2.43). The prevalence of SIBO increased after 1 year of continuous PPI use. […] Breath tests revealed that 68.1% of patients with functional bowel diseases also had SIBO. […] A meta-analysis of seven studies found that the prevalence of SIBO in functional dyspepsia is 34.7% (95%CI: 24.8%-45.4%).

• #22 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  A meta-analysis of 37 studies revealed that the prevalence of SIBO in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was 36.7% (95%CI: 24.2%-44.6%). […] A meta-analysis of 11 studies revealed that the proportion of SIBO in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was greater than that in controls [22.3% (95%CI: 19.92%-24.68%); OR = 9.51 (95%CI: 3.39-26.68)]. […] In a mixed cohort of patients with various liver diseases, SIBO prevalence was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis than in those without (41.2% vs 13.1%). […] A meta-analysis of 21 studies revealed that the prevalence of SIBO in patients with cirrhosis was greater than that in healthy controls [(40.8%, 95%CI: 34.8%-47.1%) and OR = 6.83 (95%CI: 4.16-11.21) for all studies; 48.0% (95%CI: 27.5%-69.1%) and OR = 5.32 (95%CI: 1.02-27.82) for studies using culture-based methods; 52.7% (95%CI: 43.9%-61.4%) and OR = 3.24 (95%CI: 1.34-7.84) for studies using the LBT; and 35.9% (95%CI: 30.6%-41.6%) and OR = 8.65 (95%CI: 4.30-14.42) for studies using the GBT]. […] The prevalence of SIBO was higher in patients with cirrhosis class C than in patients with cirrhosis class B [59.2% (95%CI: 45.0%-71.7%) vs 47.6% (95%CI: 35.9%-59.5%); OR = 1.79 (95%CI: 1.18-2.71)].

• #23 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  The presence of SIBO was detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and was significantly associated with smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 6.66], bloating (OR = 5.39), abdominal pain (OR = 4.78), and anemia (OR = 4.08). The risk of SIBO increased with age [OR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07] and did not depend on gender or race. […] A meta-analysis of 19 studies revealed that PPI therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.20-2.43). The prevalence of SIBO increased after 1 year of continuous PPI use. […] Breath tests revealed that 68.1% of patients with functional bowel diseases also had SIBO. […] A meta-analysis of seven studies found that the prevalence of SIBO in functional dyspepsia is 34.7% (95%CI: 24.8%-45.4%).

• #24 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

  https://www.e-cep.org/m/journal/view.php?number=20125555650

  Although the prevalence of SIBO varies widely depending on test method and study size, it is reportedly approximately 2.5%22%. […] SIBO occurs more often in IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) than in those with IBS with constipation (IBS-C). […] The prevalence of SIBO in IBS subjects versus controls was 62.3% versus 33.5% for the lactulose breath test and 20.7% versus 4.4% for glucose. […] Despite fewer studies of SIBO in children versus adults, clinical studies have recently been published on a variety of pediatric patients. […] The prevalence of SIBO in children with various diseases was reported previously. […] Data on the epidemiology of SIBO in children are limited by a lack of controls, variations in test methodology, and varying diagnostic cut-offs used. […] SIBO may be positive in healthy controls with an estimated incidence of 0%35% in healthy children.

• #25 Correlation between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and irritable bowel syndrome and the prognosis of treatment – Yu – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/65735/html

  The positive rate of the SIBO test in the IBS group was 79.53%, and the positive rate of the SIBO test in the control group was 16.67%. The positive rate of the SIBO test in the IBS group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference between these 2 groups was statistically significant (P0.05) […] The results of the present study showed that the positive rate of SIBO in the IBS group was higher than that in the control group (P0.05), suggesting that there is a correlation between SIBO and IBS. However, due to the similar symptoms of IBS and SIBO, detecting only the incidence of SIBO in IBS patients cannot indicate that SIBO is the cause of IBS, because SIBO may also be a symptom or complication of IBS (17). Therefore, we further observed improvements in the symptoms of IBS patients after the treatment of SIBO with antibiotics. The results showed that the patient symptoms of IBS and SIBO turned negative patient were significantly improved compared with those who did not turn from positive to negative. Therefore, the findings further indicate that that SIBO is the cause of IBS. […] In summary, SIBO plays an important role in the occurrence of IBS. Clinically, antibiotics and microecological agents can be used to correct SIBO, thereby improving the symptoms of IBS patients and peripheral blood inflammatory factors.

• #26 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  A meta-analysis of 37 studies revealed that the prevalence of SIBO in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was 36.7% (95%CI: 24.2%-44.6%). […] A meta-analysis of 11 studies revealed that the proportion of SIBO in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was greater than that in controls [22.3% (95%CI: 19.92%-24.68%); OR = 9.51 (95%CI: 3.39-26.68)]. […] In a mixed cohort of patients with various liver diseases, SIBO prevalence was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis than in those without (41.2% vs 13.1%). […] A meta-analysis of 21 studies revealed that the prevalence of SIBO in patients with cirrhosis was greater than that in healthy controls [(40.8%, 95%CI: 34.8%-47.1%) and OR = 6.83 (95%CI: 4.16-11.21) for all studies; 48.0% (95%CI: 27.5%-69.1%) and OR = 5.32 (95%CI: 1.02-27.82) for studies using culture-based methods; 52.7% (95%CI: 43.9%-61.4%) and OR = 3.24 (95%CI: 1.34-7.84) for studies using the LBT; and 35.9% (95%CI: 30.6%-41.6%) and OR = 8.65 (95%CI: 4.30-14.42) for studies using the GBT]. […] The prevalence of SIBO was higher in patients with cirrhosis class C than in patients with cirrhosis class B [59.2% (95%CI: 45.0%-71.7%) vs 47.6% (95%CI: 35.9%-59.5%); OR = 1.79 (95%CI: 1.18-2.71)].

• #27 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  A meta-analysis of 37 studies revealed that the prevalence of SIBO in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was 36.7% (95%CI: 24.2%-44.6%). […] A meta-analysis of 11 studies revealed that the proportion of SIBO in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was greater than that in controls [22.3% (95%CI: 19.92%-24.68%); OR = 9.51 (95%CI: 3.39-26.68)]. […] In a mixed cohort of patients with various liver diseases, SIBO prevalence was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis than in those without (41.2% vs 13.1%). […] A meta-analysis of 21 studies revealed that the prevalence of SIBO in patients with cirrhosis was greater than that in healthy controls [(40.8%, 95%CI: 34.8%-47.1%) and OR = 6.83 (95%CI: 4.16-11.21) for all studies; 48.0% (95%CI: 27.5%-69.1%) and OR = 5.32 (95%CI: 1.02-27.82) for studies using culture-based methods; 52.7% (95%CI: 43.9%-61.4%) and OR = 3.24 (95%CI: 1.34-7.84) for studies using the LBT; and 35.9% (95%CI: 30.6%-41.6%) and OR = 8.65 (95%CI: 4.30-14.42) for studies using the GBT]. […] The prevalence of SIBO was higher in patients with cirrhosis class C than in patients with cirrhosis class B [59.2% (95%CI: 45.0%-71.7%) vs 47.6% (95%CI: 35.9%-59.5%); OR = 1.79 (95%CI: 1.18-2.71)].

• #28 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  A meta-analysis of 37 studies revealed that the prevalence of SIBO in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was 36.7% (95%CI: 24.2%-44.6%). […] A meta-analysis of 11 studies revealed that the proportion of SIBO in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was greater than that in controls [22.3% (95%CI: 19.92%-24.68%); OR = 9.51 (95%CI: 3.39-26.68)]. […] In a mixed cohort of patients with various liver diseases, SIBO prevalence was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis than in those without (41.2% vs 13.1%). […] A meta-analysis of 21 studies revealed that the prevalence of SIBO in patients with cirrhosis was greater than that in healthy controls [(40.8%, 95%CI: 34.8%-47.1%) and OR = 6.83 (95%CI: 4.16-11.21) for all studies; 48.0% (95%CI: 27.5%-69.1%) and OR = 5.32 (95%CI: 1.02-27.82) for studies using culture-based methods; 52.7% (95%CI: 43.9%-61.4%) and OR = 3.24 (95%CI: 1.34-7.84) for studies using the LBT; and 35.9% (95%CI: 30.6%-41.6%) and OR = 8.65 (95%CI: 4.30-14.42) for studies using the GBT]. […] The prevalence of SIBO was higher in patients with cirrhosis class C than in patients with cirrhosis class B [59.2% (95%CI: 45.0%-71.7%) vs 47.6% (95%CI: 35.9%-59.5%); OR = 1.79 (95%CI: 1.18-2.71)].

• #29 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  A meta-analysis of 37 studies revealed that the prevalence of SIBO in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was 36.7% (95%CI: 24.2%-44.6%). […] A meta-analysis of 11 studies revealed that the proportion of SIBO in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was greater than that in controls [22.3% (95%CI: 19.92%-24.68%); OR = 9.51 (95%CI: 3.39-26.68)]. […] In a mixed cohort of patients with various liver diseases, SIBO prevalence was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis than in those without (41.2% vs 13.1%). […] A meta-analysis of 21 studies revealed that the prevalence of SIBO in patients with cirrhosis was greater than that in healthy controls [(40.8%, 95%CI: 34.8%-47.1%) and OR = 6.83 (95%CI: 4.16-11.21) for all studies; 48.0% (95%CI: 27.5%-69.1%) and OR = 5.32 (95%CI: 1.02-27.82) for studies using culture-based methods; 52.7% (95%CI: 43.9%-61.4%) and OR = 3.24 (95%CI: 1.34-7.84) for studies using the LBT; and 35.9% (95%CI: 30.6%-41.6%) and OR = 8.65 (95%CI: 4.30-14.42) for studies using the GBT]. […] The prevalence of SIBO was higher in patients with cirrhosis class C than in patients with cirrhosis class B [59.2% (95%CI: 45.0%-71.7%) vs 47.6% (95%CI: 35.9%-59.5%); OR = 1.79 (95%CI: 1.18-2.71)].

• #30 Everything You Need to Know About SIBO: From Diagnosis to Treatment – Synlab

  https://www.synlab-sd.com/en/blog/health-and-wellness-en/everything-you-need-to-know-about-sibo-from-diagnosis-to-treatment/

  Approximately 38.6% of patients with chronic pancreatitis have SIBO. […] Studies indicate that between 30% and 40% of people with cystic fibrosis suffer from SIBO. […] The prevalence of SIBO in celiac disease is estimated to be around 20%, potentially higher when symptoms persist after a gluten-free diet. […] Approximately 30% of adults with Crohns disease have SIBO, often due to gastrointestinal surgeries, especially ileocecal resection, dysmotility, strictures, or fistulas. […] The SIBO test is an important option to consider in the presence of any undiagnosed gastrointestinal manifestations. […] The diagnosis of SIBO is usually performed through microbiological culture of the small intestine aspirate, obtained via endoscopy, considered the gold standard. […] However, SIBO often recurs after antibiotic treatment. […] There are treatment options with specific medications that do not induce bacterial resistance and can be used again to reduce recurrence.

• #31

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12664-022-01292-x

  The most prominent GI conditions linked with SIBO include IBS, IBD, tropical sprue, celiac disease, dyspepsia, small bowel diverticulosis/stricture/fistula, radiation enteropathy, pancreatitis, NAFLD, liver cirrhosis, and post-abdominal surgery. […] The frequency of SIBO in these associated disorders is highly variable, ranging from as low as 4% to as high as 93%. […] The culture-based threshold for SIBO has been contentious, both as per published data as well as the opinion of the concerned experts. […] The prevalence of SIBO in patients with chronic pancreatitis was reported to be 38.6% with pooled OR of 5.58. […] SIBO is known to recur following successful treatment with rifaximin. […] Predictors of recurrence of SIBO include older age, long-term treatment with PPIs, prior abdominal surgery, and persistence of predisposing condition.

• #32 Everything You Need to Know About SIBO: From Diagnosis to Treatment – Synlab

  https://www.synlab-sd.com/en/blog/health-and-wellness-en/everything-you-need-to-know-about-sibo-from-diagnosis-to-treatment/

  Approximately 38.6% of patients with chronic pancreatitis have SIBO. […] Studies indicate that between 30% and 40% of people with cystic fibrosis suffer from SIBO. […] The prevalence of SIBO in celiac disease is estimated to be around 20%, potentially higher when symptoms persist after a gluten-free diet. […] Approximately 30% of adults with Crohns disease have SIBO, often due to gastrointestinal surgeries, especially ileocecal resection, dysmotility, strictures, or fistulas. […] The SIBO test is an important option to consider in the presence of any undiagnosed gastrointestinal manifestations. […] The diagnosis of SIBO is usually performed through microbiological culture of the small intestine aspirate, obtained via endoscopy, considered the gold standard. […] However, SIBO often recurs after antibiotic treatment. […] There are treatment options with specific medications that do not induce bacterial resistance and can be used again to reduce recurrence.

• #33 Everything You Need to Know About SIBO: From Diagnosis to Treatment – Synlab

  https://www.synlab-sd.com/en/blog/health-and-wellness-en/everything-you-need-to-know-about-sibo-from-diagnosis-to-treatment/

  Approximately 38.6% of patients with chronic pancreatitis have SIBO. […] Studies indicate that between 30% and 40% of people with cystic fibrosis suffer from SIBO. […] The prevalence of SIBO in celiac disease is estimated to be around 20%, potentially higher when symptoms persist after a gluten-free diet. […] Approximately 30% of adults with Crohns disease have SIBO, often due to gastrointestinal surgeries, especially ileocecal resection, dysmotility, strictures, or fistulas. […] The SIBO test is an important option to consider in the presence of any undiagnosed gastrointestinal manifestations. […] The diagnosis of SIBO is usually performed through microbiological culture of the small intestine aspirate, obtained via endoscopy, considered the gold standard. […] However, SIBO often recurs after antibiotic treatment. […] There are treatment options with specific medications that do not induce bacterial resistance and can be used again to reduce recurrence.

• #34 Everything You Need to Know About SIBO: From Diagnosis to Treatment – Synlab

  https://www.synlab-sd.com/en/blog/health-and-wellness-en/everything-you-need-to-know-about-sibo-from-diagnosis-to-treatment/

  Approximately 38.6% of patients with chronic pancreatitis have SIBO. […] Studies indicate that between 30% and 40% of people with cystic fibrosis suffer from SIBO. […] The prevalence of SIBO in celiac disease is estimated to be around 20%, potentially higher when symptoms persist after a gluten-free diet. […] Approximately 30% of adults with Crohns disease have SIBO, often due to gastrointestinal surgeries, especially ileocecal resection, dysmotility, strictures, or fistulas. […] The SIBO test is an important option to consider in the presence of any undiagnosed gastrointestinal manifestations. […] The diagnosis of SIBO is usually performed through microbiological culture of the small intestine aspirate, obtained via endoscopy, considered the gold standard. […] However, SIBO often recurs after antibiotic treatment. […] There are treatment options with specific medications that do not induce bacterial resistance and can be used again to reduce recurrence.

• #35 Association of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Gut Pathogens | Full Text

  https://gutpathogens.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13099-021-00420-w

  Parkinsons disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease (AD) worldwide. The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in PD patients is high. […] The pooled prevalence of SIBO in patients with PD was 46% (95% CI 3656). […] In conclusion, our meta-analysis found a strong association between SIBO and PD with approximately half of PD patients testing positive for SIBO. These relationships significantly differed based on diagnostic test and geographic area. […] The prevalence of SIBO in PD reported in recent research was 34%. […] The prevalence of SIBO was 52% (95% CI 4064) among patients from Western countries and 33% (95% CI 2243) among patients from Eastern countries. […] The pooled OR of SIBO in PD patients compared with healthy controls was 5.22 (95% CI 3.338.19, p0.00001). […] Our meta-analysis identified a strong association between SIBO and PD with approximately half of PD patients testing positive for SIBO. These relationships were significantly different according to type of diagnostic test and geographic area.

• #36 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  The presence of SIBO was detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and was significantly associated with smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 6.66], bloating (OR = 5.39), abdominal pain (OR = 4.78), and anemia (OR = 4.08). The risk of SIBO increased with age [OR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07] and did not depend on gender or race. […] A meta-analysis of 19 studies revealed that PPI therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.20-2.43). The prevalence of SIBO increased after 1 year of continuous PPI use. […] Breath tests revealed that 68.1% of patients with functional bowel diseases also had SIBO. […] A meta-analysis of seven studies found that the prevalence of SIBO in functional dyspepsia is 34.7% (95%CI: 24.8%-45.4%).

• #37 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  The presence of SIBO was detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and was significantly associated with smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 6.66], bloating (OR = 5.39), abdominal pain (OR = 4.78), and anemia (OR = 4.08). The risk of SIBO increased with age [OR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07] and did not depend on gender or race. […] A meta-analysis of 19 studies revealed that PPI therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.20-2.43). The prevalence of SIBO increased after 1 year of continuous PPI use. […] Breath tests revealed that 68.1% of patients with functional bowel diseases also had SIBO. […] A meta-analysis of seven studies found that the prevalence of SIBO in functional dyspepsia is 34.7% (95%CI: 24.8%-45.4%).

• #38 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  The presence of SIBO was detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and was significantly associated with smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 6.66], bloating (OR = 5.39), abdominal pain (OR = 4.78), and anemia (OR = 4.08). The risk of SIBO increased with age [OR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07] and did not depend on gender or race. […] A meta-analysis of 19 studies revealed that PPI therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.20-2.43). The prevalence of SIBO increased after 1 year of continuous PPI use. […] Breath tests revealed that 68.1% of patients with functional bowel diseases also had SIBO. […] A meta-analysis of seven studies found that the prevalence of SIBO in functional dyspepsia is 34.7% (95%CI: 24.8%-45.4%).

• #39 Frequency of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Non-Specific Diarrhea

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?uid=83&vmd=Full

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs in varying frequency in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). […] SIBO was commoner in CNSD than HC [16 (21.9%) vs. 1 (2%), p = 0.003], but was comparable in IBS and HC [11 (8.5%) vs. 1 (2%), p = 0.18]. […] SIBO was more common in CNSD including D-IBS than other types of IBS and HC. […] The present study showed that SIBO was more common in patients with CNSD (21.9%) than those with IBS (8.5%) and HC (2%). […] Higher frequency of SIBO in patients with CNSD is not entirely unexpected. Almost half of patients with MAS have been shown to have SIBO, which might be related to small intestinal stasis in association with large quantity of nutrient-rich fluid in the lumen. […] Therefore, clinicians treating patients with CNSD including D-IBS should consider testing for SIBO in them.

• #40 Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: are there any predictors? | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text

  https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-230X-10-23

  Significant findings of this study are that patients 55 years of age, females with IBS like symptoms, especially those with prominence of bloating and flatulence are more likely to have a positive GBT. […] In summary, a significant percentage (36%) of patients with IBS who have bloating and flatulence as their predominant complaint have a positive GBT suggestive of SIBO. Older age and female sex seem to be predictors for SIBO. The identification of characteristics specific to the subgroup of patients with SIBO and IBS may provide further understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of IBS and contribute to the development of successful treatment strategies.

• #41 Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: are there any predictors? | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text

  https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-230X-10-23

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition in which excessive levels of bacteria, mainly the colonic-type species are present in the small intestine. Recent data suggest that SIBO may contribute to the pathophysiology of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). […] Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was present in a sizeable percentage of patients with IBS with predominance of bloating and flatulence. Older age and female sex were predictors of SIBO in patients with IBS. Identification of possible predictors of SIBO in patients with IBS could aid in the development of successful treatment plans. […] Existing clinical evidence seems to suggest that SIBO may contribute to the pathophysiology of IBS. However, the reported incidence of SIBO varies according to the detection method employed.

• #42 Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212861-overview

  Moreover, the prevalence of bacterial overgrowth syndrome (BOS) can vary depending on the population used and the diagnostic methods applied. In healthy individuals, BOS rates range between 0-12.5% by the glucose breath test, 20-22% by the lactulose breath test, and 0-35% with the C D-xylose breath test. […] BOS tends to be more common in the elderly population due to factors such as decreased gastric acid secretion and consumption of multiple medications that can lead to hypomotility, with BOS being linked to occult malabsorption in this demographic.

• #43 Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212861-overview

  Moreover, the prevalence of bacterial overgrowth syndrome (BOS) can vary depending on the population used and the diagnostic methods applied. In healthy individuals, BOS rates range between 0-12.5% by the glucose breath test, 20-22% by the lactulose breath test, and 0-35% with the C D-xylose breath test. […] BOS tends to be more common in the elderly population due to factors such as decreased gastric acid secretion and consumption of multiple medications that can lead to hypomotility, with BOS being linked to occult malabsorption in this demographic.

• #44 Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/212861-overview

  Moreover, the prevalence of bacterial overgrowth syndrome (BOS) can vary depending on the population used and the diagnostic methods applied. In healthy individuals, BOS rates range between 0-12.5% by the glucose breath test, 20-22% by the lactulose breath test, and 0-35% with the C D-xylose breath test. […] BOS tends to be more common in the elderly population due to factors such as decreased gastric acid secretion and consumption of multiple medications that can lead to hypomotility, with BOS being linked to occult malabsorption in this demographic.

• #45 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

  https://www.e-cep.org/m/journal/view.php?number=20125555650

  Although the prevalence of SIBO varies widely depending on test method and study size, it is reportedly approximately 2.5%22%. […] SIBO occurs more often in IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) than in those with IBS with constipation (IBS-C). […] The prevalence of SIBO in IBS subjects versus controls was 62.3% versus 33.5% for the lactulose breath test and 20.7% versus 4.4% for glucose. […] Despite fewer studies of SIBO in children versus adults, clinical studies have recently been published on a variety of pediatric patients. […] The prevalence of SIBO in children with various diseases was reported previously. […] Data on the epidemiology of SIBO in children are limited by a lack of controls, variations in test methodology, and varying diagnostic cut-offs used. […] SIBO may be positive in healthy controls with an estimated incidence of 0%35% in healthy children.

• #46

  https://journals.lww.com/ctg/fulltext/2019/10000/small_intestinal_bacterial_overgrowth__clinical.2.aspx

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a common, yet underrecognized, problem. Its prevalence is unknown because SIBO requires diagnostic testing. […] However, SIBO appears to be more prevalent in women and in older individuals. […] The limitations of small bowel culture include its invasive nature, cost, potential inability to detect bacterial strains that are difficult to grow under standard culture conditions, detection of proximal SIBO only, and potential for sample contamination. […] Although inconsistencies exist, bacterial culture of small bowel aspirates is generally accepted as the best diagnostic method for the diagnosis of SIBO, but aseptic precautions and proper technique is key. […] Therapies shown to be efficacious and well tolerated for patients with SIBO include the nonsystemic antibiotic rifaximin and systemic antibiotics. However, given the differences across study populations, diagnostic tests and interpretation, and dosing and duration of antibiotic therapy, large well-designed randomized clinical trials with appropriate patient selection and well-defined symptoms and objective criteria are warranted to guide effective management of SIBO.

• #47 Association of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Gut Pathogens | Full Text

  https://gutpathogens.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13099-021-00420-w

  Parkinsons disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease (AD) worldwide. The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in PD patients is high. […] The pooled prevalence of SIBO in patients with PD was 46% (95% CI 3656). […] In conclusion, our meta-analysis found a strong association between SIBO and PD with approximately half of PD patients testing positive for SIBO. These relationships significantly differed based on diagnostic test and geographic area. […] The prevalence of SIBO in PD reported in recent research was 34%. […] The prevalence of SIBO was 52% (95% CI 4064) among patients from Western countries and 33% (95% CI 2243) among patients from Eastern countries. […] The pooled OR of SIBO in PD patients compared with healthy controls was 5.22 (95% CI 3.338.19, p0.00001). […] Our meta-analysis identified a strong association between SIBO and PD with approximately half of PD patients testing positive for SIBO. These relationships were significantly different according to type of diagnostic test and geographic area.

• #48 Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients with Refractory Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/view.html?uid=1064&vmd=Full

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). However, the prevalence and clinical conditions of SIBO in patients with FGID remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we examined the frequency of SIBO in patients with refractory FGID. […] Although the frequency of SIBO is low among patients with FGID, it may be important to be aware of SIBO as differential diagnosis when examining patients with refractory gastrointestinal symptoms, especially bloating, as a part of routine clinical care. […] Among the 38 prospectively enrolled patients with refractory FGID, only 2 (5.3%) were diagnosed with SIBO as assessed by GHBT, suggesting that the frequency may be low in Japan. […] Wide variations in prevalence rates of SIBO have been reported in patients with FGID. As for IBS, to date, over 20 studies of the frequency of SIBO in affected patients have reported prevalence ranging from 2% to 84%.

• #49 Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients with Refractory Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/view.html?uid=1064&vmd=Full

  In contrast, few studies have reported the prevalence of SIBO in patients with FD. […] Lower prevalence of SIBO in FGID in a Japanese population remains unclear. […] Factors such as dietary habits, geography, ethnicity, and lifestyle can affect enteric bacteria colonization and influence the prevalence of SIBO. […] In conclusion, based on our findings, SIBO is rare in Japanese patients with FD and IBS.

• #50 How to Recognize and Treat Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth?

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/20/6017

  Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) is a form of dysbiosis that involves increased bacterial colonization of the small intestine with some of the bacteria more characteristic of the colon microbiota. The prevalence of SIBO over recent decades has been estimated to range from 2.5 to 22% (depending on the source) and to increase with age and among individuals with comorbidities. […] The exact prevalence of SIBO in the general population is unknown. Most authors report rates between 2.5 and 22% and emphasize that the prevalence increases with age and in populations with comorbidities. […] The problem of SIBO has been steadily gaining attention since the first half of the 2000s. However, controversies remain as to its diagnostics and management. This review presents the most recent data on epidemiology, the pathological mechanism, clinical presentation, and recommended diagnostic and therapeutic management of SIBO.

• #51

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11908-024-00847-7

  With introduction of dedicated International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes by the National Center for Health Statistics division of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for SIBO (K82.11) in 2024, future epidemiologic studies will be able to assess the global and national prevalence/incidence of SIBO more accurately.

• #52 Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth | springermedizin.de

  https://www.springermedizin.de/small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth/27494088

  The prevalence of SIBO is not well-defined. This is in part due to variability in presenting symptoms and similarities to other conditions, but also due to variation in prevalence based on study population. Prevalence estimates in asymptomatic subjects range from 0 to 35% depending on the type of breath test used for diagnosis. Among patients referred for GI symptoms including those with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), anywhere from 30 to 85% of patients had a positive breath test diagnostic of SIBO. A meta-analysis of patients that underwent RYGB suggested 29% of patients developed SIBO in the first 3 years after surgery, and 53% developed SIBO when tested more than 3 years after surgery. With introduction of dedicated International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes by the National Center for Health Statistics division of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for SIBO (K82.11) in 2024, future epidemiologic studies will be able to assess the global and national prevalence/incidence of SIBO more accurately.

• #53 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10303511/

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an increase in the bacterial content of the small intestine above normal values. The presence of SIBO is detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and is significantly associated with smoking, bloating, abdominal pain, and anemia. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO. The risk of SIBO increases with age and does not depend on gender or race. SIBO complicates the course of a number of diseases and may be of pathogenetic significance in the development of their symptoms. SIBO is significantly associated with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal bloating, functional constipation, functional diarrhea, short bowel syndrome, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, lactase deficiency, diverticular and celiac diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohns disease, cirrhosis, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), primary biliary cholangitis, gastroparesis, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, gallstone disease, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, acromegaly, multiple sclerosis, autism, Parkinsons disease, systemic sclerosis, spondylarthropathy, fibromyalgia, asthma, heart failure, and other diseases. The development of SIBO is often associated with a slowdown in orocecal transit time that decreases the normal clearance of bacteria from the small intestine. In a number of diseases, including cirrhosis, MAFLD, diabetes, and pancreatitis, an association was found between disease severity and the presence of SIBO. Further work on the effect of SIBO eradication on the condition and prognosis of patients with various diseases is required.

• #54 Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and Twelve Groups of Related Diseases—Current State of Knowledge

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/5/1030

  Knowledge regarding the associations between SIBO and various disease groups may help to provide better diagnoses and allow for the timely initiation of effective treatments or co-treatments. […] The current knowledge on SIBO certainly provides information that can be used to address various clinical difficulties throughout the course of SIBO-related diseases. […] On the other hand, it should be noted that the body of knowledge about SIBO certainly requires continued expansion.

• #55 SciELO Brazil – DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH: AN OFFICIAL POSITION PAPER FROM THE BRAZILIAN FEDERATION OF GASTROENTEROLOGY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SMALL INTESTINAL BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH: AN OFFICIAL POSITION PAPER FR

  https://www.scielo.br/j/ag/a/c9QqsJxzW9xNJxDPN5sL8ck/

  Recurrence of SIBO is a common challenge following antibiotic treatment. […] Addressing the challenges of diagnostic accessibility, particularly in underserved areas, remains critical. […] Further studies are needed to expand our understanding of this condition, particularly within the unique context of the Brazilian population.

• #56

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12664-022-01292-x

  The most prominent GI conditions linked with SIBO include IBS, IBD, tropical sprue, celiac disease, dyspepsia, small bowel diverticulosis/stricture/fistula, radiation enteropathy, pancreatitis, NAFLD, liver cirrhosis, and post-abdominal surgery. […] The frequency of SIBO in these associated disorders is highly variable, ranging from as low as 4% to as high as 93%. […] The culture-based threshold for SIBO has been contentious, both as per published data as well as the opinion of the concerned experts. […] The prevalence of SIBO in patients with chronic pancreatitis was reported to be 38.6% with pooled OR of 5.58. […] SIBO is known to recur following successful treatment with rifaximin. […] Predictors of recurrence of SIBO include older age, long-term treatment with PPIs, prior abdominal surgery, and persistence of predisposing condition.

• #57

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12664-022-01292-x

  The most prominent GI conditions linked with SIBO include IBS, IBD, tropical sprue, celiac disease, dyspepsia, small bowel diverticulosis/stricture/fistula, radiation enteropathy, pancreatitis, NAFLD, liver cirrhosis, and post-abdominal surgery. […] The frequency of SIBO in these associated disorders is highly variable, ranging from as low as 4% to as high as 93%. […] The culture-based threshold for SIBO has been contentious, both as per published data as well as the opinion of the concerned experts. […] The prevalence of SIBO in patients with chronic pancreatitis was reported to be 38.6% with pooled OR of 5.58. […] SIBO is known to recur following successful treatment with rifaximin. […] Predictors of recurrence of SIBO include older age, long-term treatment with PPIs, prior abdominal surgery, and persistence of predisposing condition.

• #58

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12664-022-01292-x

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a frequent, but under-diagnosed entity. […] SIBO is linked to various gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI disorders with potentially significant morbidity. […] The optimal management of SIBO is undefined while there is a lack of published consensus guidelines. […] SIBO can be high- or low-threshold depending upon the bacterial counts. […] The frequency of SIBO is low among healthy subjects but is higher in the elderly. […] In several conditions, the prevalence of SIBO is higher than in healthy controls. […] Among specific disorders associated with SIBO, the reported prevalence differs substantially based on the population studied and the diagnostic method/criteria used to diagnose SIBO. […] The true prevalence of SIBO in the general population or even in at-risk groups is not precisely established.

• #59 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v29/i22/3400.htm

  The presence of SIBO was detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and was significantly associated with smoking, bloating, abdominal pain, and anemia. The risk of SIBO increased with age and did not depend on gender or race. […] SIBO complicates the course of a number of diseases and may be of pathogenetic significance in the development of their symptoms. […] In a number of diseases, including cirrhosis, MAFLD, diabetes, and pancreatitis, an association was found between disease severity and the presence of SIBO. Further work on the effect of SIBO eradication on the condition and prognosis of patients with various diseases is required.

• #60 Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/abstract/v29/i22/3400.htm

  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an increase in the bacterial content of the small intestine above normal values. The presence of SIBO is detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and is significantly associated with smoking, bloating, abdominal pain, and anemia. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO. The risk of SIBO increases with age and does not depend on gender or race. SIBO complicates the course of a number of diseases and may be of pathogenetic significance in the development of their symptoms. […] In a number of diseases, including cirrhosis, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, and cystic fibrosis, an association was found between disease severity and the presence of SIBO. Further work on the effect of SIBO eradication on the condition and prognosis of patients in various diseases is required.

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