Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8857508/

  High blood pressure in the postpartum period is most commonly seen in women with antenatal hypertensive disorders but it can develop de novo in the postpartum timeframe. […] New-onset postpartum preeclampsia is an understudied disease entity with few evidence-based guidelines to guide diagnosis and management. […] Older maternal age, black race, and maternal obesity as well as cesarean delivery are all associated with a higher risk of postpartum preeclampsia. […] The majority of reports on postpartum preeclampsia are limited to smaller case series, thus the overall incidence has not been reliably ascertained in a prospective fashion. […] Literature estimates on the prevalence range between 0.3% to 27.5% of all pregnancies in the United States. […] Whether postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia represents a distinct entity from preeclampsia / eclampsia with antepartum-onset is unclear and remains a source of debate.

• #2 Postpartum Telehealth and Remote Patient Monitoring for Preeclampsia – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/pregnancy-childbirth/high-risk-pregnancy-maternal-fetal-medicine/conditions/pregnancy-hypertension-high-blood-pressure/postpartum-preeclampsia

  Postpartum preeclampsia is persistent high blood pressure that develops after childbirth. It is a serious condition that can happen up to six weeks after delivery. Even if you have no history of high blood pressure, you can still develop postpartum preeclampsia. Left undiagnosed or untreated, postpartum preeclampsia can have a major impact on your health. […] Our goal is to diagnose and treat postpartum preeclampsia as quickly as possible in patients who are most at risk, including patients diagnosed with: […] All Family Birth Center patients who fit these criteria are encouraged to enroll in the Postpartum Telehealth and Remote Patient Monitoring Program. […] Our team will monitor your responses and contact you, the UChicago Medicine maternal-fetal medicine postpartum telehealth team and your obstetrical provider if needed to ensure you have a safe and speedy recovery.

• #2 Postpartum Preeclampsia: Clinical Overview of Hypertensive Crisis

  https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/features/postpartum-preeclampsia-overview/

  Timely recognition and treatment of postpartum preeclampsia is essential to improving morbidity and mortality in postpartum patients. […] The incidence of postpartum preeclampsia is 0.3% to 27.5%. […] Much of the research on postpartum preeclampsia is performed by studying single-center data specifically focused on obstetrics patients and does not include those who present to the ED with a symptomatic hypertensive event after a pregnancy. […] A study conducted from January 2014 to June 2018 was conducted to identify risk factors associated with postpartum preeclampsia. […] The study discovered that patients were more likely to suffer from postpartum preeclampsia if they were non-Hispanic Black patients, had a BMI of 30 or more, were 35 years of age or older, and had a delivery via cesarean.

• #3 A Pregnant Pause: My Personal Experience with Postpartum Preeclampsia | Rollins School of Public Health | Emory University | Atlanta GA

  https://sph.emory.edu/news/news-release/2025/03/personal-account-postpartum-preeclampsia.html

  Postpartum preeclampsia is often touted as very rare. However, reporting about this condition is a bit muddled, since it relies on hospital data for admitted patients receiving treatment. The other challenge with it is even if somebody shows up, gets readmitted postpartum to the hospital and they get a diagnosis listed on the medical record of postpartum preeclampsia, there’s some challenge in determining what’s truly postpartum preeclampsia versus something that’s continued from delivery. […] A 2021 article published in The American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecologysupports the variation in reporting, with the authors noting the reported prevalence of postpartum preeclampsia ranges between 0.3% to 27.5% of all pregnancies. […] The reason why preeclampsia during pregnancy is such a big deal, and why its monitored so closely by providers, is the risk it carries for the pregnant person and their unborn child. Left untreated, it can cause organ damage or failure, preterm birth, stillbirth, growth restriction, and death for the pregnant person or their child. It can also develop into eclampsia, which causes seizures and can result in organ damage or failure, a coma, or death. […] Preeclampsia and eclampsia are among the top causes of maternal deathsin addition to severe bleeding, infection, and complications during birth. […] Risks of postpartum preeclampsia tend to be highest the first two weeks after birth up until six weeks postpartum.

• #4 Postpartum preeclampsia: Symptoms and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/postpartum-preeclampsia

  Postpartum preeclampsia is the new onset of high blood pressure after giving birth. It is relatively rare, but can lead to serious complications without treatment. […] Only 5.7% of preeclampsia and eclampsia cases occur in the postpartum period. As such, it is relatively rare for preeclampsia to develop after a person gives birth, rather than before. […] A 2023 review also notes that, in the United States, postpartum preeclampsia is more common in people who: are over 35 years old, had obesity before pregnancy, had a C-section, are Black. […] Postpartum preeclampsia is uncommon. Only around 5.7% of individuals who experience preeclampsia or eclampsia develop these conditions after giving birth. […] Postpartum preeclampsia may last anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, but this will depend on how soon a person receives treatment and how their body responds to it. […] Most people recover from postpartum preeclampsia. However, if the condition progresses to eclampsia, it can be very serious.

• #5 Preeclampsia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570611/

  Preeclampsia and eclampsia account for 50,000 maternal deaths yearly worldwide. Like hypertensive disorders, the incidence of preeclampsia is correlated to ethnicity and race, most prevalent among black and Hispanic patients, resulting in approximately 26% of maternal deaths among this population in the US. […] Worldwide, preeclampsia affects 2% to 8% of pregnancies, but varies among race groups, as mentioned, but also among those groups within different countries. […] Recent studies suggest morbidity is higher in developing countries, particularly in Africa and Latin America, and that Asians may be a low-risk population. […] Several studies have reported similar observations and a low incidence of preeclampsia in patients in China, New Zealand, and Asian Americans in comparison to Native Americans, black Americans, and Europeans.

• #6 Preeclampsia: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1476919-overview

  The incidence of preeclampsia in the United States is estimated to range from 2% to 8% in healthy, nulliparous women. Among all cases of the preeclampsia, 10% occur in pregnancies of less than 34 weeks’ gestation. The global incidence of preeclampsia has been estimated at 5-14% of all pregnancies. […] In developing nations, the incidence of the disease is reported to be 4-18%, with hypertensive disorders being the second most common obstetric cause of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths in these countries. […] Eclampsia is estimated to occur in 1 in 200 cases of preeclampsia when magnesium prophylaxis is not administered.

• #7 Preeclampsia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570611/

  Preeclampsia and eclampsia account for 50,000 maternal deaths yearly worldwide. Like hypertensive disorders, the incidence of preeclampsia is correlated to ethnicity and race, most prevalent among black and Hispanic patients, resulting in approximately 26% of maternal deaths among this population in the US. […] Worldwide, preeclampsia affects 2% to 8% of pregnancies, but varies among race groups, as mentioned, but also among those groups within different countries. […] Recent studies suggest morbidity is higher in developing countries, particularly in Africa and Latin America, and that Asians may be a low-risk population. […] Several studies have reported similar observations and a low incidence of preeclampsia in patients in China, New Zealand, and Asian Americans in comparison to Native Americans, black Americans, and Europeans.

• #8 Preeclampsia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/preeclampsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355745

  Preeclampsia may develop after delivery of a baby, a condition known as postpartum preeclampsia. […] Several studies have shown a greater risk of preeclampsia among Black women compared with other women. There’s also some evidence of an increased risk among indigenous women in North America. […] For the purposes of making decisions about prevention strategies, a Black woman or a woman with a low income has a moderately increased risk of developing preeclampsia.

• #9 Preeclampsia, Genomics and Public Health | Blogs | CDC

  https://blogs.cdc.gov/genomics/2022/10/25/preeclampsia/

  Preeclampsia is estimated to occur in 5 to 7 percent of all pregnancies and is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity. […] Though rarer, preeclampsia may also develop during the post-partum period. […] In the United States, the rate of preeclampsia in Black women is 60 percent higher than in White women. […] As stated earlier, the number of GWAS on preeclampsia that exist is in stark contrast to its public health importance. More studies need to be done on preeclampsia and genetics. […] Nonetheless, the study shows the need for more genetic studies that help develop tests to predict and manage people at risk for preeclampsia.

• #10 Preeclampsia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/preeclampsia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355745

  Preeclampsia may develop after delivery of a baby, a condition known as postpartum preeclampsia. […] Several studies have shown a greater risk of preeclampsia among Black women compared with other women. There’s also some evidence of an increased risk among indigenous women in North America. […] For the purposes of making decisions about prevention strategies, a Black woman or a woman with a low income has a moderately increased risk of developing preeclampsia.

• #11 Preeclampsia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570611/

  Preeclampsia and eclampsia account for 50,000 maternal deaths yearly worldwide. Like hypertensive disorders, the incidence of preeclampsia is correlated to ethnicity and race, most prevalent among black and Hispanic patients, resulting in approximately 26% of maternal deaths among this population in the US. […] Worldwide, preeclampsia affects 2% to 8% of pregnancies, but varies among race groups, as mentioned, but also among those groups within different countries. […] Recent studies suggest morbidity is higher in developing countries, particularly in Africa and Latin America, and that Asians may be a low-risk population. […] Several studies have reported similar observations and a low incidence of preeclampsia in patients in China, New Zealand, and Asian Americans in comparison to Native Americans, black Americans, and Europeans.

• #12 Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2020/06/gestational-hypertension-and-preeclampsia

  ABSTRACT: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy constitute one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. It has been estimated that preeclampsia complicates 28% of pregnancies globally. In Latin America and the Caribbean, hypertensive disorders are responsible for almost 26% of maternal deaths, whereas in Africa and Asia they contribute to 9% of deaths. Although maternal mortality is much lower in high-income countries than in developing countries, 16% of maternal deaths can be attributed to hypertensive disorders. In the United States, the rate of preeclampsia increased by 25% between 1987 and 2004. Moreover, in comparison with women giving birth in 1980, those giving birth in 2003 were at 6.7-fold increased risk of severe preeclampsia. This complication is costly: one study reported that in 2012 in the United States, the estimated cost of preeclampsia within the first 12 months of delivery was $2.18 billion ($1.03 billion for women and $1.15 billion for infants), which was disproportionately borne by premature births. […] This Practice Bulletin will provide guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.

• #13 Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-literature-review-pathophysiology-current-management?language_content_entity=en

  In the US, the incidence of HDP increased from 13% in 2017 to 16% in 2019. Preeclampsia complicates about 3% of all pregnancies in the US. […] Therefore, management of high-risk women is important. […] Untreated hypertension during pregnancy can result in severe complications for both the fetus and mother. […] A history of HDP increases women’s risk of future cardiovascular disease, including MI and stroke, two- to eight-fold compared with those with normotensive pregnancies. […] However, postpartum preeclampsia as well as persistence of hypertension beyond placental delivery in some women challenges this hypothesis. […] Despite delivery, postpartum preeclampsia or persistent postpartum hypertension following pregnancy complicated by HDP are observed in a subset of patients, which merits continued hypertension monitoring for several weeks to months postpartum. […] Regular follow-up of these patients by primary care medicine or cardiology services during the postpartum period and for life is necessary to mitigate and address cardiovascular risk factors that can occur prematurely in patients with a history of HDP.

• #14 Preeclampsia: Clinical features and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/preeclampsia-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Preeclampsia is a multisystem progressive disorder characterized by the new onset of hypertension and proteinuria or the new onset of hypertension plus significant end-organ dysfunction with or without proteinuria, typically presenting after 20 weeks of gestation or postpartum. […] Approximately 90 percent of cases present in the late preterm (≥34 to <37 weeks), term, or postpartum period and have good maternal, fetal, and newborn outcomes; however, serious maternal and/or perinatal morbidity or mortality can occur. [...] The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (preeclampsia, gestational hypertension) is increasing, likely related to population-level increases in risk factors for the disease. [...] Late-onset preeclampsia (≥34 weeks of gestation) is more common than early onset preeclampsia (<34 weeks of gestation): incidence 2.7 versus 0.3 percent, respectively, in a population-based study.

• #15 Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring, Postpartum Treatment of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Peripartum Magnesium Sulfate Regimens for Preeclampsia With Severe Features | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy/protocol

  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect up to 10 percent of pregnancies, and encompass a spectrum of disorders that include preexisting chronic hypertension (HTN), gestational HTN, preeclampsia with and without severe features, eclampsia (seizure), and the HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome. Rates of HDP are rising in the U.S., likely due to increased prevalence of pre-existing HTN, obesity, diabetes, older maternal age at delivery, and use of artificial reproductive technologies with an associated increased likelihood of multifetal gestation. Diagnoses of HDP have important implications for healthcare utilization, patient experience, and long-term health outcomes in pregnant and postpartum individuals and their children. Over the past 20 years, pregnancy-related deaths have increased in the U.S., from 7.2 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1987 to 20.1 per 100,000 live births in 2019. More than half of pregnancy-related deaths in the U.S. occur in the postpartum period. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that 6.6 percent of the pregnancy-related deaths between 2014 and 2017 were attributable to HDP. Beyond the postpartum period, data suggest that individuals with pregnancies complicated by HDP have a higher risk of chronic HTN and a higher lifelong risk of cardiovascular complications.

• #16

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8857508/

  High blood pressure in the postpartum period is most commonly seen in women with antenatal hypertensive disorders but it can develop de novo in the postpartum timeframe. […] New-onset postpartum preeclampsia is an understudied disease entity with few evidence-based guidelines to guide diagnosis and management. […] Older maternal age, black race, and maternal obesity as well as cesarean delivery are all associated with a higher risk of postpartum preeclampsia. […] The majority of reports on postpartum preeclampsia are limited to smaller case series, thus the overall incidence has not been reliably ascertained in a prospective fashion. […] Literature estimates on the prevalence range between 0.3% to 27.5% of all pregnancies in the United States. […] Whether postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia represents a distinct entity from preeclampsia / eclampsia with antepartum-onset is unclear and remains a source of debate.

• #17 Postpartum Preeclampsia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17733-postpartum-preeclampsia

  Certain factors increase your risk of getting postpartum preeclampsia. If you have any of the following conditions, you may be at higher risk: Obesity, High blood pressure during pregnancy, Family or personal history of preeclampsia or postpartum preeclampsia, Being younger than 20, Being older than 40, Expecting twins or more, Autoimmune conditions, Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. […] If youve recently given birth and are experiencing any of these symptoms, you should seek immediate medical care. Postpartum preeclampsia can have serious consequences if not treated. […] The exact cause is unknown. Healthcare providers know that certain factors increase your risk. […] If your healthcare provider suspects you might have postpartum preeclampsia, they might perform the following tests: Blood pressure check, Blood tests to do a platelet count and check the function of your liver and kidneys, Urinalysis to check your urine for protein, Brain scan to look for possible brain damage if you have had a seizure.

• #18 Postpartum Preeclampsia: Clinical Overview of Hypertensive Crisis

  https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/features/postpartum-preeclampsia-overview/

  Timely recognition and treatment of postpartum preeclampsia is essential to improving morbidity and mortality in postpartum patients. […] The incidence of postpartum preeclampsia is 0.3% to 27.5%. […] Much of the research on postpartum preeclampsia is performed by studying single-center data specifically focused on obstetrics patients and does not include those who present to the ED with a symptomatic hypertensive event after a pregnancy. […] A study conducted from January 2014 to June 2018 was conducted to identify risk factors associated with postpartum preeclampsia. […] The study discovered that patients were more likely to suffer from postpartum preeclampsia if they were non-Hispanic Black patients, had a BMI of 30 or more, were 35 years of age or older, and had a delivery via cesarean.

• #19 Pre-eclampsia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-eclampsia

  Preeclampsia can also occur in the postpartum period or after delivery. There are currently no clear definitions or guidelines for postpartum preeclampsia, but experts have proposed a definition of new-onset preeclampsia that occurs between 48 hours after delivery up to six weeks after delivery. […] The diagnostic criteria otherwise are essentially the same as for preeclampsia diagnosed during pregnancy. Similarly, many of the risk factors are the same, except that not having been pregnant previously does not seem to be a risk factor for postpartum preeclampsia. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends blood pressure evaluation for patients who have any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy within 7-10 days after delivery. Home blood pressure monitoring may increase the likelihood of measuring blood pressure during these recommended time periods.

• #20 Postpartum Preeclampsia

  https://www.preeclampsia.org/postpartum-preeclampsia

  The risk factors for postpartum preeclampsia are very similar to those associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy however, any woman — regardless of previous experience with blood pressure problems, weight, diet, or exercise — is at risk. […] The early postpartum period (up to seven days after delivery) is when women who experience preeclampsia are at highest risk — much of this risk can be lessened with effective blood pressure control.

• #21 Postpartum Preeclampsia

  https://www.preeclampsia.org/postpartum-preeclampsia

  Most women with preeclampsia will deliver healthy babies and fully recover. However, some women will experience complications, several of which may be life-threatening. A woman’s condition can progress to severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, or HELLP syndrome quickly. Delivery, sometimes after a period of expectant management (“watchful waiting”), is a necessary intervention. Once the baby is delivered, mom still needs to receive care if she is experiencing high blood pressure and related preeclampsia symptoms. […] It’s important to know that delivery is not the cure for preeclampsia. Any woman can develop preeclampsia after her baby is born, or postpartum preeclampsia, whether she experienced high blood pressure during her pregnancy or not. […] Postpartum preeclampsia occurs most commonly within the first seven days after delivery, although you’re still at risk for postpartum preeclampsia up to six weeks after delivery.

• #22 Postpartum Preeclampsia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17733-postpartum-preeclampsia

  Postpartum preeclampsia is a condition that can happen up to six weeks after your baby is born. This rare condition causes you to have high blood pressure and high levels of protein in your urine. This is a serious condition that can lead to brain damage, stroke and death if not treated. […] Postpartum preeclampsia is a rare but serious condition related to high blood pressure after you give birth. Its most common within 48 hours of delivery but can occur up to six weeks after your baby is born. Postpartum preeclampsia can lead to strokes, seizures and other complications if not promptly treated. […] If you have symptoms of postpartum preeclampsia, you need immediate medical attention. Once diagnosed and treated, the prognosis for a full recovery is very good. […] Most people develop symptoms of postpartum preeclampsia within 48 hours of childbirth. However, the condition can develop up to six weeks after delivery.

• #23 Postpartum Preeclampsia

  https://www.preeclampsia.org/postpartum-preeclampsia

  The risk factors for postpartum preeclampsia are very similar to those associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy however, any woman — regardless of previous experience with blood pressure problems, weight, diet, or exercise — is at risk. […] The early postpartum period (up to seven days after delivery) is when women who experience preeclampsia are at highest risk — much of this risk can be lessened with effective blood pressure control.

• #24

  https://www.ijrcog.org/index.php/ijrcog/article/view/13979

  De Novo late postpartum preeclampsia is defined by many authors as new onset postpartum hypertension of 140/90 mmHg with features of organ system malfunctioning during 48 hours to six weeks of delivery following a normotensive pregnancy and labor. […] The incidence is 0.3-27% as noted by many authors. […] The aim of publishing this case is for statistical records and create awareness of the condition. Every postpartum woman on discharge from the hospital following a normotensive pregnancy and delivery must be counseled on the significance of home BP monitoring and must consult an obstetrician on developing any new symptoms.

• #25 Pre-eclampsia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-eclampsia

  Preeclampsia can also occur in the postpartum period or after delivery. There are currently no clear definitions or guidelines for postpartum preeclampsia, but experts have proposed a definition of new-onset preeclampsia that occurs between 48 hours after delivery up to six weeks after delivery. […] The diagnostic criteria otherwise are essentially the same as for preeclampsia diagnosed during pregnancy. Similarly, many of the risk factors are the same, except that not having been pregnant previously does not seem to be a risk factor for postpartum preeclampsia. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends blood pressure evaluation for patients who have any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy within 7-10 days after delivery. Home blood pressure monitoring may increase the likelihood of measuring blood pressure during these recommended time periods.

• #26 An evaluation of the efficacy and the safety of home blood pressure monitoring in the control of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in both pre and postpartum periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-023-05663-w

  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect around 10% of pregnancies globally, with preeclampsia accounting for 4% and gestational hypertension (without proteinuria) accounting for 6%. […] As reported in the US, HDP constituted a major cause of postpartum obstetrical readmission; indicating the persistence and progression of the disease. […] Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is a promising alternative to in-office monitoring that is recommended by international guidelines. […] This systematic review was primarily conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of HBPM. […] Our comparative analysis revealed a superiority of HBPM over office monitoring in regards to the risk of induction of labor, and postpartum readmission (P=0.02, and 0.01 respectively). […] Home blood pressure monitoring appears to be a promising alternative to office monitoring.

• #27 Closely Monitoring Blood Pressure of Post-Partum Mothers Can Sharply Reduce Emergency Hospital Visits | Rutgers University

  https://www.rutgers.edu/news/closely-monitoring-blood-pressure-post-partum-mothers-can-sharply-reduce-emergency-hospital

  When Emily Rosenfeld was doing a fellowship in maternal-fetal medicine at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (RWJMS), she noticed that many patients were returning to the hospital for hypertension. […] In our study, we sought to implement a novel approach with tighter blood pressure control in the postpartum period to try to decrease hospital revisits that could lead to maternal morbidity and mortality. […] The Management of Postpartum Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Disorders study aimed to assess the effect of treatment or tight blood pressure control for a lower blood pressure threshold less than 130 (systolic pressure) over 80 (diastolic pressure) millimeters of mercury (mmHg) on reducing emergency department visits in postpartum patients with hypertensive disorders. […] We showed a 68% decrease in emergency department visits for patients with tight blood pressure control, and throughout the six weeks of follow-up, blood pressure improved.

• #28 An evaluation of the efficacy and the safety of home blood pressure monitoring in the control of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in both pre and postpartum periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-023-05663-w

  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect around 10% of pregnancies globally, with preeclampsia accounting for 4% and gestational hypertension (without proteinuria) accounting for 6%. […] As reported in the US, HDP constituted a major cause of postpartum obstetrical readmission; indicating the persistence and progression of the disease. […] Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is a promising alternative to in-office monitoring that is recommended by international guidelines. […] This systematic review was primarily conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of HBPM. […] Our comparative analysis revealed a superiority of HBPM over office monitoring in regards to the risk of induction of labor, and postpartum readmission (P=0.02, and 0.01 respectively). […] Home blood pressure monitoring appears to be a promising alternative to office monitoring.

• #29 Postpartum Preeclampsia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17733-postpartum-preeclampsia

  If your healthcare provider determines you have postpartum preeclampsia, they may prescribe the following treatments: Blood pressure medicine to lower your pressure levels, Antiseizure medicine, such as magnesium sulfate, to prevent seizures, Anticoagulant (blood thinner) medications to reduce the risk of blood clots. […] No, it requires immediate medical attention. If you have any symptoms of preeclampsia after childbirth, contact your provider immediately or go to the nearest emergency room. […] Postpartum preeclampsia can lead to serious complications without treatment, including: Permanent damage to your brain, liver and kidneys, Seizures, Excess fluid in your lungs (pulmonary edema), Stroke, Blood clots, HELLP syndrome, Death. […] No, theres no way to avoid or prevent postpartum preeclampsia. The best thing you can do is be aware of the symptoms and discuss your complete medical history with your healthcare provider.

• #30 Postpartum Preeclampsia: Risk after Delivery Remains | DONA International

  https://www.dona.org/postpartum-preeclampsia-risk-after-delivery-remains/

  Postpartum preeclampsia is a serious condition related to high blood pressure. It can happen to any mother who just had a baby. It has most of the same features of preeclampsia or other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, without affecting the baby. […] Any woman can develop preeclampsia after her baby is born, whether she experienced high blood pressure during her pregnancy or not. It’s important that mothers who recently delivered continue to monitor their health after delivery. They should measure their blood pressure for at least six weeks postpartum, especially during the first week, which is the most critical. […] Unfortunately, 75% of maternal deaths related to preeclampsia happen in the postpartum period, up to six weeks after delivery, so healthcare providers and moms alike need to remain vigilant, even after delivery.

• #31

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8857508/

  The American Heart Association and ACOG have identified hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as risk factors for later-life cardiovascular disease, including chronic hypertension, heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. […] Further studies are needed to assess the risk of future cardiovascular disease among women with postpartum preeclampsia.

• #32 Observational database study on preeclampsia and postpartum medical care up to 7.5 years after birth | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25596-2

  Preeclampsia is associated with a substantially increased long-term risk for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal disease. […] We aimed to assess current utilization of postpartum primary and specialized care and medication prescription behavior in women who experienced preeclampsia. […] Although specialized postpartum care was sought by more women after preeclampsia, the effect size indices revealed no considerable association between a history of preeclampsia and the utilization of specialized outpatient aftercare. […] Preeclampsia was associated with an increased risk to take any antihypertensive medication after delivery. […] Postpartum referral to specialized outpatient care and quarterly prescriptions of antihypertensives following preeclampsia failed to match the early and rapidly increased incidence and risk of hypertension.

• #33 Postpartum Preeclampsia: Clinical Overview of Hypertensive Crisis

  https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/features/postpartum-preeclampsia-overview/

  Patients with postpartum preeclampsia are 4 times more likely to suffer from stroke than the average postpartum person. […] Studies have found that those with delayed-onset postpartum preeclampsia are 45% more likely to develop stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension within 1 year after delivery. […] The American Heart Association recommends lifestyle modifications for individuals with prior preeclampsia to decrease cardiovascular risk.

• #34

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8857508/

  Few national or international guidelines address new-onset postpartum hypertension and there are no clear definitions within existing guidelines. […] The definitions of hypertension and preeclampsia are extrapolated from guidelines surrounding hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with antepartum-onset, i.e. 140/90mmHg. […] In our clinical experience, women without proteinuria appear to be just as likely to experience adverse clinical outcomes as women with significant proteinuria. […] We believe further study is needed to determine if new-onset postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia is a distinct entity from preeclampsia with antepartum-onset; that said, we recommend that this condition be highlighted here and in national/international guidelines as it is under-recognized by providers. […] Emerging evidence suggests that the risk of severe maternal morbidity is higher among women with postpartum preeclampsia compared to women with antepartum disease.

• #35 Postpartum remote home blood pressure monitoring: the new frontier – ScienceOpen

  https://www.scienceopen.com/document/read?vid=f8a27f8c-1e33-4b90-8e33-dcce4a87c984

  Considering these factors, the widespread adoption of postpartum blood pressure monitoring programs holds promise to improve the care of this at-risk population. […] The demonstrated success of postpartum blood pressure monitoring programs across an array of implementation and clinical practice outcomes begs the question of whether it is time for these programs to be integrated into our standard of care for the postpartum patient. […] There is a lack of standardization and aggregable data regarding the most evidence-based way to manage postpartum hypertension. […] A key barrier to these programs’ widespread implementation and adoption is related to program sustainability through third-party reimbursement. […] De novo, or delayed, postpartum preeclampsia is defined as new development of preeclampsia 48 hours to 6 weeks postpartum, and is an important contributor to hypertension-related morbidity.

• #36 Pre-eclampsia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-eclampsia

  Preeclampsia can also occur in the postpartum period or after delivery. There are currently no clear definitions or guidelines for postpartum preeclampsia, but experts have proposed a definition of new-onset preeclampsia that occurs between 48 hours after delivery up to six weeks after delivery. […] The diagnostic criteria otherwise are essentially the same as for preeclampsia diagnosed during pregnancy. Similarly, many of the risk factors are the same, except that not having been pregnant previously does not seem to be a risk factor for postpartum preeclampsia. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends blood pressure evaluation for patients who have any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy within 7-10 days after delivery. Home blood pressure monitoring may increase the likelihood of measuring blood pressure during these recommended time periods.

• #37

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8857508/

  High blood pressure in the postpartum period is most commonly seen in women with antenatal hypertensive disorders but it can develop de novo in the postpartum timeframe. […] New-onset postpartum preeclampsia is an understudied disease entity with few evidence-based guidelines to guide diagnosis and management. […] Older maternal age, black race, and maternal obesity as well as cesarean delivery are all associated with a higher risk of postpartum preeclampsia. […] The majority of reports on postpartum preeclampsia are limited to smaller case series, thus the overall incidence has not been reliably ascertained in a prospective fashion. […] Literature estimates on the prevalence range between 0.3% to 27.5% of all pregnancies in the United States. […] Whether postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia represents a distinct entity from preeclampsia / eclampsia with antepartum-onset is unclear and remains a source of debate.

• #38 Postpartum Preeclampsia: Clinical Overview of Hypertensive Crisis

  https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/features/postpartum-preeclampsia-overview/

  Timely recognition and treatment of postpartum preeclampsia is essential to improving morbidity and mortality in postpartum patients. […] The incidence of postpartum preeclampsia is 0.3% to 27.5%. […] Much of the research on postpartum preeclampsia is performed by studying single-center data specifically focused on obstetrics patients and does not include those who present to the ED with a symptomatic hypertensive event after a pregnancy. […] A study conducted from January 2014 to June 2018 was conducted to identify risk factors associated with postpartum preeclampsia. […] The study discovered that patients were more likely to suffer from postpartum preeclampsia if they were non-Hispanic Black patients, had a BMI of 30 or more, were 35 years of age or older, and had a delivery via cesarean.

• #39 A Pregnant Pause: My Personal Experience with Postpartum Preeclampsia | Rollins School of Public Health | Emory University | Atlanta GA

  https://sph.emory.edu/news/news-release/2025/03/personal-account-postpartum-preeclampsia.html

  Postpartum preeclampsia is often touted as very rare. However, reporting about this condition is a bit muddled, since it relies on hospital data for admitted patients receiving treatment. The other challenge with it is even if somebody shows up, gets readmitted postpartum to the hospital and they get a diagnosis listed on the medical record of postpartum preeclampsia, there’s some challenge in determining what’s truly postpartum preeclampsia versus something that’s continued from delivery. […] A 2021 article published in The American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecologysupports the variation in reporting, with the authors noting the reported prevalence of postpartum preeclampsia ranges between 0.3% to 27.5% of all pregnancies. […] The reason why preeclampsia during pregnancy is such a big deal, and why its monitored so closely by providers, is the risk it carries for the pregnant person and their unborn child. Left untreated, it can cause organ damage or failure, preterm birth, stillbirth, growth restriction, and death for the pregnant person or their child. It can also develop into eclampsia, which causes seizures and can result in organ damage or failure, a coma, or death. […] Preeclampsia and eclampsia are among the top causes of maternal deathsin addition to severe bleeding, infection, and complications during birth. […] Risks of postpartum preeclampsia tend to be highest the first two weeks after birth up until six weeks postpartum.

• #40 A Pregnant Pause: My Personal Experience with Postpartum Preeclampsia | Rollins School of Public Health | Emory University | Atlanta GA

  https://sph.emory.edu/news/news-release/2025/03/personal-account-postpartum-preeclampsia.html

  Postpartum preeclampsia is often touted as very rare. However, reporting about this condition is a bit muddled, since it relies on hospital data for admitted patients receiving treatment. The other challenge with it is even if somebody shows up, gets readmitted postpartum to the hospital and they get a diagnosis listed on the medical record of postpartum preeclampsia, there’s some challenge in determining what’s truly postpartum preeclampsia versus something that’s continued from delivery. […] A 2021 article published in The American Journal of Obstetrics Gynecologysupports the variation in reporting, with the authors noting the reported prevalence of postpartum preeclampsia ranges between 0.3% to 27.5% of all pregnancies. […] The reason why preeclampsia during pregnancy is such a big deal, and why its monitored so closely by providers, is the risk it carries for the pregnant person and their unborn child. Left untreated, it can cause organ damage or failure, preterm birth, stillbirth, growth restriction, and death for the pregnant person or their child. It can also develop into eclampsia, which causes seizures and can result in organ damage or failure, a coma, or death. […] Preeclampsia and eclampsia are among the top causes of maternal deathsin addition to severe bleeding, infection, and complications during birth. […] Risks of postpartum preeclampsia tend to be highest the first two weeks after birth up until six weeks postpartum.

• #41

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8857508/

  High blood pressure in the postpartum period is most commonly seen in women with antenatal hypertensive disorders but it can develop de novo in the postpartum timeframe. […] New-onset postpartum preeclampsia is an understudied disease entity with few evidence-based guidelines to guide diagnosis and management. […] Older maternal age, black race, and maternal obesity as well as cesarean delivery are all associated with a higher risk of postpartum preeclampsia. […] The majority of reports on postpartum preeclampsia are limited to smaller case series, thus the overall incidence has not been reliably ascertained in a prospective fashion. […] Literature estimates on the prevalence range between 0.3% to 27.5% of all pregnancies in the United States. […] Whether postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia represents a distinct entity from preeclampsia / eclampsia with antepartum-onset is unclear and remains a source of debate.

• #42

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8857508/

  Few national or international guidelines address new-onset postpartum hypertension and there are no clear definitions within existing guidelines. […] The definitions of hypertension and preeclampsia are extrapolated from guidelines surrounding hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with antepartum-onset, i.e. 140/90mmHg. […] In our clinical experience, women without proteinuria appear to be just as likely to experience adverse clinical outcomes as women with significant proteinuria. […] We believe further study is needed to determine if new-onset postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia is a distinct entity from preeclampsia with antepartum-onset; that said, we recommend that this condition be highlighted here and in national/international guidelines as it is under-recognized by providers. […] Emerging evidence suggests that the risk of severe maternal morbidity is higher among women with postpartum preeclampsia compared to women with antepartum disease.

• #43 ‘I Could Have Died’: The Dangers of Postpartum Pre-eclampsia – The New York Times

  https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/parenting/postpartum-preeclampsia.html

  Five days after giving birth to her second child, Lauren Lowrey woke up feeling cheerful. […] That night, a C.T. scan helped to confirm that Lowrey had severe postpartum pre-eclampsia, a condition that’s generally characterized by perilously high blood pressure and, usually, excess protein in the urine. […] According to the National Institutes of Health, cases — while still rare — have risen steadily in the past three decades. […] An alarming number of medical practitioners still believe pre-eclampsia can’t develop after delivery. […] Pre-eclampsia affects more than 4 percent of all pregnancies in the United States, according to the N.I.H. […] Postpartum pre-eclampsia, by contrast, is far less common, and there are few studies, little reliable incidence data and no conclusively established risk factors.

• #44 Postpartum Care

  https://www.preeclampsia.org/postpartum-care

  Delivery is not the cure for preeclampsia. […] With 75% of preeclampsia related deaths happening after birth, the Preeclampsia Foundation has worked hard to debunk the myth that delivery is the cure for preeclampsia. […] Any woman can develop preeclampsia after her baby is born, whether she experienced high blood pressure during her pregnancy or not. […] Many cases of postpartum preeclampsia are missed or poorly handled. Sometimes high blood pressure continues and causes other problems such as excessive fluid in the lungs or stroke. […] The handoff from childbirth to a regular medical home must include transferring information about any pregnancy complications she experienced. […] Most women and even their healthcare providers are not aware that a history of severe preeclampsia, growth-restricted babies, and other pregnancy complications put them at higher risk for heart disease and stroke than other women without these complications. […] Postpartum care and patient education remain a key goal for the Preeclampsia Foundation. Many of our affected women complain about the lack of information sent home with them, leaving them vulnerable when symptoms arise that should drive them back to care, but instead are ignored.

• #45

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8857508/

  Few national or international guidelines address new-onset postpartum hypertension and there are no clear definitions within existing guidelines. […] The definitions of hypertension and preeclampsia are extrapolated from guidelines surrounding hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with antepartum-onset, i.e. 140/90mmHg. […] In our clinical experience, women without proteinuria appear to be just as likely to experience adverse clinical outcomes as women with significant proteinuria. […] We believe further study is needed to determine if new-onset postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia is a distinct entity from preeclampsia with antepartum-onset; that said, we recommend that this condition be highlighted here and in national/international guidelines as it is under-recognized by providers. […] Emerging evidence suggests that the risk of severe maternal morbidity is higher among women with postpartum preeclampsia compared to women with antepartum disease.

• #46

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8857508/

  The American Heart Association and ACOG have identified hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as risk factors for later-life cardiovascular disease, including chronic hypertension, heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. […] Further studies are needed to assess the risk of future cardiovascular disease among women with postpartum preeclampsia.

• #47 An evaluation of the efficacy and the safety of home blood pressure monitoring in the control of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in both pre and postpartum periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-023-05663-w

  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect around 10% of pregnancies globally, with preeclampsia accounting for 4% and gestational hypertension (without proteinuria) accounting for 6%. […] As reported in the US, HDP constituted a major cause of postpartum obstetrical readmission; indicating the persistence and progression of the disease. […] Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is a promising alternative to in-office monitoring that is recommended by international guidelines. […] This systematic review was primarily conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of HBPM. […] Our comparative analysis revealed a superiority of HBPM over office monitoring in regards to the risk of induction of labor, and postpartum readmission (P=0.02, and 0.01 respectively). […] Home blood pressure monitoring appears to be a promising alternative to office monitoring.

• #48

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00404-022-06864-y

  The recent change in the definition of preeclampsia has been influenced by the evidence from a large prospective cohort study. […] To prevent disease progression and adverse outcomes, pregnant women suspected of having a hypertensive pregnancy disorder should be further evaluated and potentially monitored. […] Remote, home blood pressure monitoring is not yet routinely recommended, as the possible advantages and disadvantages have not yet been sufficiently proven by high-quality studies. […] Many of the above-mentioned maternal parameters can now be collected easily, quickly, objectively, and reproducibly by pregnant women in their own homes, thus enabling remote monitoring. […] The potential benefits of home blood pressure monitoring in a non-pregnant cohort are manifold and include ease of implementation and availability for the patients, reduced costs for payers through fewer visits to the doctor and less hospital stays, increased compliance and improved association with complications.

• #49

  https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/fulltext/2023/10000/remote_monitoring_compared_with_in_office.15.aspx

  Remote monitoring can increase postpartum blood pressure ascertainment within 10 days of discharge for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and has the potential to promote health equity. […] The prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is increasing, and they complicate up to 8% of pregnancies. These disorders are associated with long-term cardiovascular disease and are the leading cause of postpartum readmission. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy contribute to 7.1% of all maternal deaths in the United States. Postpartum stroke is the leading cause of mortality related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and is at its maximum risk within 10 days of discharge after delivery. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), therefore, recommends that patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy present for a blood pressure check within 7-10 days postpartum, which is traditionally performed in-person at the office where patients received obstetric care.

• #50

  https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/fulltext/2023/10000/remote_monitoring_compared_with_in_office.15.aspx

  Telehealth is a promising intervention that has been shown to improve patient satisfaction without compromising the patient-physician relationship. Evidence suggests remote blood pressure monitoring may be a feasible, cost-effective strategy for managing postpartum hypertension. […] In this randomized controlled trial evaluating postpartum blood pressure monitoring, we found that remote monitoring increased the rate of blood pressure ascertainment within 10 days of hospital discharge after delivery and erased the disparity in ACOG guideline-concordant care between Black and White patients in the remote arm. […] Our study adds to the evidence that remote access strategies reduce racial disparities in utilization of postpartum care, including hypertension-related follow-up. However, remote monitoring in isolation will not solve the systematic issues that contribute to poorer outcomes for Black patients.

• #51 Closely Monitoring Blood Pressure of Post-Partum Mothers Can Sharply Reduce Emergency Hospital Visits | Rutgers University

  https://www.rutgers.edu/news/closely-monitoring-blood-pressure-post-partum-mothers-can-sharply-reduce-emergency-hospital

  When Emily Rosenfeld was doing a fellowship in maternal-fetal medicine at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (RWJMS), she noticed that many patients were returning to the hospital for hypertension. […] In our study, we sought to implement a novel approach with tighter blood pressure control in the postpartum period to try to decrease hospital revisits that could lead to maternal morbidity and mortality. […] The Management of Postpartum Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Disorders study aimed to assess the effect of treatment or tight blood pressure control for a lower blood pressure threshold less than 130 (systolic pressure) over 80 (diastolic pressure) millimeters of mercury (mmHg) on reducing emergency department visits in postpartum patients with hypertensive disorders. […] We showed a 68% decrease in emergency department visits for patients with tight blood pressure control, and throughout the six weeks of follow-up, blood pressure improved.

• #52 Pre-eclampsia and CVD | ECR Journal

  https://www.ecrjournal.com/articles/pre-eclampsia-and-cardiovascular-disease-pregnancy-postpartum?language_content_entity=en

  The risk of CHT also depends on the number of pregnancies affected by HDP, as was demonstrated in a meta-analysis. […] The postpartum management of women with HDP should be based on a transdisciplinary team capable of bridging the gap between the end of obstetric care and the start of cardiovascular prevention. […] A cardiovascular screening and targeted primary cardiovascular prevention should be initiated in the peripartum period, which may be critical to risk triage and facilitate the identification of women with postpartum CHT.

• #53 Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/preeclampsia-and-high-blood-pressure-during-pregnancy

  Preeclampsia is a serious disorder that can affect all the organs in your body. It usually develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy, often in the third trimester. When it develops before 34 weeks of pregnancy, it is called early-onset preeclampsia. It can also develop in the weeks after childbirth. […] Women who have had preeclampsiaespecially those whose babies were born pretermhave an increased risk later in life of kidney disease, heart attack, stroke, and high blood pressure. Also, having preeclampsia once increases the risk of having it again in a future pregnancy. […] All women with gestational hypertension are monitored often (usually weekly) for signs of preeclampsia and to make sure that their blood pressure does not go too high. […] Prevention involves identifying whether you have risk factors for preeclampsia and taking steps to address them. […] Low-dose aspirin may reduce the risk of preeclampsia in some women. Your ob-gyn may recommend that you take low-dose aspirin if you are at high risk of developing preeclampsia.

• #54 Postpartum hypertension: When a new mom’s blood pressure is too high | Heart | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/postpartum-high-blood-pressure/

  Checking your blood pressure at home and monitoring for signs and symptoms of postpartum preeclampsia can help prevent postpartum medical emergencies such as stroke or seizures. […] The Texas Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee’s (MMMRC) 2020 biennial report shows serious gaps in postpartum preeclampsia care and education. […] Maternal complications resulting from severe hypertension during or after pregnancy are largely preventable. However, severe hypertension, particularly in the postpartum period, often goes unrecognized and untreated because women are not receiving the tools, education, or empowerment they need to monitor and maintain their health after going home with their baby. […] Women who had preeclampsia may still be at risk up to six weeks after delivery. […] Patient education and empowerment are cornerstones of our program. Women need to understand that any patient with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is at risk for developing severe hypertension in the postpartum period. […] Morbidity and mortality related to postpartum hypertension should be 100 percent preventable. Our goal is to help educate and care for more women to prevent maternal blood pressure issues postpartum.

• #55 Postpartum hypertension: When a new mom’s blood pressure is too high | Heart | Your Pregnancy Matters | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/postpartum-high-blood-pressure/

  Checking your blood pressure at home and monitoring for signs and symptoms of postpartum preeclampsia can help prevent postpartum medical emergencies such as stroke or seizures. […] The Texas Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee’s (MMMRC) 2020 biennial report shows serious gaps in postpartum preeclampsia care and education. […] Maternal complications resulting from severe hypertension during or after pregnancy are largely preventable. However, severe hypertension, particularly in the postpartum period, often goes unrecognized and untreated because women are not receiving the tools, education, or empowerment they need to monitor and maintain their health after going home with their baby. […] Women who had preeclampsia may still be at risk up to six weeks after delivery. […] Patient education and empowerment are cornerstones of our program. Women need to understand that any patient with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is at risk for developing severe hypertension in the postpartum period. […] Morbidity and mortality related to postpartum hypertension should be 100 percent preventable. Our goal is to help educate and care for more women to prevent maternal blood pressure issues postpartum.

• #56 ‘I Could Have Died’: The Dangers of Postpartum Pre-eclampsia – The New York Times

  https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/parenting/postpartum-preeclampsia.html

  Untreated, postpartum pre-eclampsia can progress rapidly, and can lead to life-threatening complications, including seizures, strokes, blood clots, excess fluid in the lungs and permanent damage to the brain, kidneys and liver. […] In the United States, most maternal deaths linked to pre-eclampsia occur after delivery. […] It’s definitely time to rethink how we do postpartum care in the United States. […] Given the increasing rates of postpartum pre-eclampsia in the United States and the apparently increasing severity of the condition, investment in pre-eclampsia research is urgently needed.

• #57 Observational database study on preeclampsia and postpartum medical care up to 7.5 years after birth | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25596-2

  Unfortunately, most physicians and most women are unaware of the associated long-term complications after PE, which highlights the need for multidisciplinary, coordinated health care programs after PE for primary and secondary prevention. […] We found that (i) only a minority of women after PE were referred to specialized outpatient care after delivery and that (ii) after PE, women took antihypertensive medication more frequently, and mean rates of quarterly prescriptions rapidly increased during the follow-up period. […] Although international guidelines recommend a detailed examination by a specialist after PE to exclude secondary causes, only a disproportionally small fraction of the women in our study was referred to any specialized outpatient care provider, reflecting the failure to match the increased long-term morbidity to be expected after PE. […] Our findings highlight the major importance of gynecologists and general practitioners in postpartum outpatient care and emphasize the urgent need to implement a reasonable multidisciplinary follow-up strategy and prevention management in order to achieve long-term clinical benefits.

• #58 Report from a text-based blood pressure monitoring prospective cohort trial among postpartum women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-024-06511-1

  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a main cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide, and it is estimated that approximately 60% of maternal deaths in the United States occur during the postpartum period. […] It is crucial to recognize that approximately 60% of maternal deaths in the US occur in the postpartum period, with up to 65.8% of these deaths believed to be preventable. […] Recognizing the significant risk of morbidity in the early postpartum period especially among pregnancies complicated by HDP, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends early postpartum blood pressure evaluation. […] Despite the efforts to mitigate the rising rates of maternal mortality in the US, there are still no standardized guidelines specifically addressing the optimal management of pregnancies complicated by HDP in the postpartum period.

• #59 Report from a text-based blood pressure monitoring prospective cohort trial among postpartum women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-024-06511-1

  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a main cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide, and it is estimated that approximately 60% of maternal deaths in the United States occur during the postpartum period. […] It is crucial to recognize that approximately 60% of maternal deaths in the US occur in the postpartum period, with up to 65.8% of these deaths believed to be preventable. […] Recognizing the significant risk of morbidity in the early postpartum period especially among pregnancies complicated by HDP, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends early postpartum blood pressure evaluation. […] Despite the efforts to mitigate the rising rates of maternal mortality in the US, there are still no standardized guidelines specifically addressing the optimal management of pregnancies complicated by HDP in the postpartum period.

• #60 Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring, Postpartum Treatment of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Peripartum Magnesium Sulfate Regimens for Preeclampsia With Severe Features | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy/protocol

  In terms of healthcare utilization, patients with HDP require increased monitoring during and after pregnancy and have potentially prolonged hospitalization at delivery for blood pressure (BP) control and management of acute sequelae. In addition to the increased risks of death and serious complications, postpartum HDP can have important implications for the mothers and babys wellbeing. For example, hospital readmission and medicalization of the postpartum period due to HDP may complicate the familys adjustment to parenting. Postpartum HDP may also affect breastfeeding and postpartum mental health, with important implications for mother-child bonding. […] HDP and its sequelae disproportionately affect minority and marginalized communities. There are substantial disparities across income and racial/ethnic minority groups in terms of who is affected and their outcomes. Overall, Black individuals are three times more likely to die than non-Hispanic White individuals while pregnant, both around the time of delivery and up to 1 year postpartum. A higher percentage of these deaths are attributable to HDP (8.2% in Black individuals versus 6.7% in White, non-Hispanic individuals). Some of the hypothesized reasons for the disparities relate to differential incidence of risk factors (e.g., diabetes and obesity). But these differences do not fully explain the wide disparity in deaths. In addition, the disparities may also reflect differential access to care (e.g., differences in preconception insurance coverage and duration of postpartum insurance coverage), unequal treatment of different subgroups of pregnant individuals by providers and the healthcare system, differential ability to take time off work, different levels of social support, and other structural effects of systemic racism.

• #61 When preeclampsia doesn’t end after delivery: A mother’s experience with postpartum preeclampsia | Labcorp

  https://www.labcorp.com/patient-story-postpartum-preeclampsia

  According to the Preeclampsia Foundation, most people with the condition will deliver healthy babies and fully recover. However, postpartum preeclampsia remains a possibility even after delivery. […] It’s a myth that preeclampsia is fixed with delivery, she says. The fact that I was told that, then had postpartum preeclampsia with both pregnancies, proves that it’s not true. I wish I had known how common it is. […] While postpartum preeclampsia is considered rare, it’s not an impossibility, and it can still happen regardless of an individual’s history, or lack thereof, with the condition. […] Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication that affects 5% to 7% of pregnancies globally and is a leading cause of maternal illness and death. In the U.S., the risk is significantly higher for Black patients, who are three times more likely to die from pregnancy-related complications compared to white patients.

• #62 Preeclampsia, Genomics and Public Health | Blogs | CDC

  https://blogs.cdc.gov/genomics/2022/10/25/preeclampsia/

  Preeclampsia is estimated to occur in 5 to 7 percent of all pregnancies and is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity. […] Though rarer, preeclampsia may also develop during the post-partum period. […] In the United States, the rate of preeclampsia in Black women is 60 percent higher than in White women. […] As stated earlier, the number of GWAS on preeclampsia that exist is in stark contrast to its public health importance. More studies need to be done on preeclampsia and genetics. […] Nonetheless, the study shows the need for more genetic studies that help develop tests to predict and manage people at risk for preeclampsia.

• #63 Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring, Postpartum Treatment of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Peripartum Magnesium Sulfate Regimens for Preeclampsia With Severe Features | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy/protocol

  In terms of healthcare utilization, patients with HDP require increased monitoring during and after pregnancy and have potentially prolonged hospitalization at delivery for blood pressure (BP) control and management of acute sequelae. In addition to the increased risks of death and serious complications, postpartum HDP can have important implications for the mothers and babys wellbeing. For example, hospital readmission and medicalization of the postpartum period due to HDP may complicate the familys adjustment to parenting. Postpartum HDP may also affect breastfeeding and postpartum mental health, with important implications for mother-child bonding. […] HDP and its sequelae disproportionately affect minority and marginalized communities. There are substantial disparities across income and racial/ethnic minority groups in terms of who is affected and their outcomes. Overall, Black individuals are three times more likely to die than non-Hispanic White individuals while pregnant, both around the time of delivery and up to 1 year postpartum. A higher percentage of these deaths are attributable to HDP (8.2% in Black individuals versus 6.7% in White, non-Hispanic individuals). Some of the hypothesized reasons for the disparities relate to differential incidence of risk factors (e.g., diabetes and obesity). But these differences do not fully explain the wide disparity in deaths. In addition, the disparities may also reflect differential access to care (e.g., differences in preconception insurance coverage and duration of postpartum insurance coverage), unequal treatment of different subgroups of pregnant individuals by providers and the healthcare system, differential ability to take time off work, different levels of social support, and other structural effects of systemic racism.

• #64 Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring, Postpartum Treatment of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Peripartum Magnesium Sulfate Regimens for Preeclampsia With Severe Features | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy/protocol

  In terms of healthcare utilization, patients with HDP require increased monitoring during and after pregnancy and have potentially prolonged hospitalization at delivery for blood pressure (BP) control and management of acute sequelae. In addition to the increased risks of death and serious complications, postpartum HDP can have important implications for the mothers and babys wellbeing. For example, hospital readmission and medicalization of the postpartum period due to HDP may complicate the familys adjustment to parenting. Postpartum HDP may also affect breastfeeding and postpartum mental health, with important implications for mother-child bonding. […] HDP and its sequelae disproportionately affect minority and marginalized communities. There are substantial disparities across income and racial/ethnic minority groups in terms of who is affected and their outcomes. Overall, Black individuals are three times more likely to die than non-Hispanic White individuals while pregnant, both around the time of delivery and up to 1 year postpartum. A higher percentage of these deaths are attributable to HDP (8.2% in Black individuals versus 6.7% in White, non-Hispanic individuals). Some of the hypothesized reasons for the disparities relate to differential incidence of risk factors (e.g., diabetes and obesity). But these differences do not fully explain the wide disparity in deaths. In addition, the disparities may also reflect differential access to care (e.g., differences in preconception insurance coverage and duration of postpartum insurance coverage), unequal treatment of different subgroups of pregnant individuals by providers and the healthcare system, differential ability to take time off work, different levels of social support, and other structural effects of systemic racism.

• #65 Postpartum remote home blood pressure monitoring: the new frontier – ScienceOpen

  https://www.scienceopen.com/document/read?vid=f8a27f8c-1e33-4b90-8e33-dcce4a87c984

  Considering these factors, the widespread adoption of postpartum blood pressure monitoring programs holds promise to improve the care of this at-risk population. […] The demonstrated success of postpartum blood pressure monitoring programs across an array of implementation and clinical practice outcomes begs the question of whether it is time for these programs to be integrated into our standard of care for the postpartum patient. […] There is a lack of standardization and aggregable data regarding the most evidence-based way to manage postpartum hypertension. […] A key barrier to these programs’ widespread implementation and adoption is related to program sustainability through third-party reimbursement. […] De novo, or delayed, postpartum preeclampsia is defined as new development of preeclampsia 48 hours to 6 weeks postpartum, and is an important contributor to hypertension-related morbidity.

• #66

  https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/fulltext/2023/10000/remote_monitoring_compared_with_in_office.15.aspx

  Telehealth is a promising intervention that has been shown to improve patient satisfaction without compromising the patient-physician relationship. Evidence suggests remote blood pressure monitoring may be a feasible, cost-effective strategy for managing postpartum hypertension. […] In this randomized controlled trial evaluating postpartum blood pressure monitoring, we found that remote monitoring increased the rate of blood pressure ascertainment within 10 days of hospital discharge after delivery and erased the disparity in ACOG guideline-concordant care between Black and White patients in the remote arm. […] Our study adds to the evidence that remote access strategies reduce racial disparities in utilization of postpartum care, including hypertension-related follow-up. However, remote monitoring in isolation will not solve the systematic issues that contribute to poorer outcomes for Black patients.

• #67 Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2020/06/gestational-hypertension-and-preeclampsia

  ABSTRACT: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy constitute one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. It has been estimated that preeclampsia complicates 28% of pregnancies globally. In Latin America and the Caribbean, hypertensive disorders are responsible for almost 26% of maternal deaths, whereas in Africa and Asia they contribute to 9% of deaths. Although maternal mortality is much lower in high-income countries than in developing countries, 16% of maternal deaths can be attributed to hypertensive disorders. In the United States, the rate of preeclampsia increased by 25% between 1987 and 2004. Moreover, in comparison with women giving birth in 1980, those giving birth in 2003 were at 6.7-fold increased risk of severe preeclampsia. This complication is costly: one study reported that in 2012 in the United States, the estimated cost of preeclampsia within the first 12 months of delivery was $2.18 billion ($1.03 billion for women and $1.15 billion for infants), which was disproportionately borne by premature births. […] This Practice Bulletin will provide guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.

• #68 Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring, Postpartum Treatment of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Peripartum Magnesium Sulfate Regimens for Preeclampsia With Severe Features | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy/protocol

  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect up to 10 percent of pregnancies, and encompass a spectrum of disorders that include preexisting chronic hypertension (HTN), gestational HTN, preeclampsia with and without severe features, eclampsia (seizure), and the HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome. Rates of HDP are rising in the U.S., likely due to increased prevalence of pre-existing HTN, obesity, diabetes, older maternal age at delivery, and use of artificial reproductive technologies with an associated increased likelihood of multifetal gestation. Diagnoses of HDP have important implications for healthcare utilization, patient experience, and long-term health outcomes in pregnant and postpartum individuals and their children. Over the past 20 years, pregnancy-related deaths have increased in the U.S., from 7.2 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1987 to 20.1 per 100,000 live births in 2019. More than half of pregnancy-related deaths in the U.S. occur in the postpartum period. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that 6.6 percent of the pregnancy-related deaths between 2014 and 2017 were attributable to HDP. Beyond the postpartum period, data suggest that individuals with pregnancies complicated by HDP have a higher risk of chronic HTN and a higher lifelong risk of cardiovascular complications.

• #69 Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring, Postpartum Treatment of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Peripartum Magnesium Sulfate Regimens for Preeclampsia With Severe Features | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy/protocol

  In terms of healthcare utilization, patients with HDP require increased monitoring during and after pregnancy and have potentially prolonged hospitalization at delivery for blood pressure (BP) control and management of acute sequelae. In addition to the increased risks of death and serious complications, postpartum HDP can have important implications for the mothers and babys wellbeing. For example, hospital readmission and medicalization of the postpartum period due to HDP may complicate the familys adjustment to parenting. Postpartum HDP may also affect breastfeeding and postpartum mental health, with important implications for mother-child bonding. […] HDP and its sequelae disproportionately affect minority and marginalized communities. There are substantial disparities across income and racial/ethnic minority groups in terms of who is affected and their outcomes. Overall, Black individuals are three times more likely to die than non-Hispanic White individuals while pregnant, both around the time of delivery and up to 1 year postpartum. A higher percentage of these deaths are attributable to HDP (8.2% in Black individuals versus 6.7% in White, non-Hispanic individuals). Some of the hypothesized reasons for the disparities relate to differential incidence of risk factors (e.g., diabetes and obesity). But these differences do not fully explain the wide disparity in deaths. In addition, the disparities may also reflect differential access to care (e.g., differences in preconception insurance coverage and duration of postpartum insurance coverage), unequal treatment of different subgroups of pregnant individuals by providers and the healthcare system, differential ability to take time off work, different levels of social support, and other structural effects of systemic racism.

• #70 Pre-eclampsia | Nature Reviews Disease Primers

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-023-00417-6

  Pre-eclampsia is classified as preterm (delivery 37 weeks of gestation), term (delivery 37 weeks of gestation) and postpartum pre-eclampsia. […] Despite decades of research, the aetiology of pre-eclampsia, particularly of term and postpartum pre-eclampsia, remains poorly defined. […] By contrast, the prediction of term and postpartum pre-eclampsia is limited and there are no preventive treatments. […] Future research must investigate the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia, in particular of term and postpartum pre-eclampsia, and evaluate new prognostic tests and treatments in adequately powered clinical trials.

• #71

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8857508/

  Few national or international guidelines address new-onset postpartum hypertension and there are no clear definitions within existing guidelines. […] The definitions of hypertension and preeclampsia are extrapolated from guidelines surrounding hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with antepartum-onset, i.e. 140/90mmHg. […] In our clinical experience, women without proteinuria appear to be just as likely to experience adverse clinical outcomes as women with significant proteinuria. […] We believe further study is needed to determine if new-onset postpartum preeclampsia/eclampsia is a distinct entity from preeclampsia with antepartum-onset; that said, we recommend that this condition be highlighted here and in national/international guidelines as it is under-recognized by providers. […] Emerging evidence suggests that the risk of severe maternal morbidity is higher among women with postpartum preeclampsia compared to women with antepartum disease.

• #72 Preeclampsia, Genomics and Public Health | Blogs | CDC

  https://blogs.cdc.gov/genomics/2022/10/25/preeclampsia/

  Preeclampsia is estimated to occur in 5 to 7 percent of all pregnancies and is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity. […] Though rarer, preeclampsia may also develop during the post-partum period. […] In the United States, the rate of preeclampsia in Black women is 60 percent higher than in White women. […] As stated earlier, the number of GWAS on preeclampsia that exist is in stark contrast to its public health importance. More studies need to be done on preeclampsia and genetics. […] Nonetheless, the study shows the need for more genetic studies that help develop tests to predict and manage people at risk for preeclampsia.

• #73 Preeclampsia, Genomics and Public Health | Blogs | CDC

  https://blogs.cdc.gov/genomics/2022/10/25/preeclampsia/

  Preeclampsia is estimated to occur in 5 to 7 percent of all pregnancies and is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity. […] Though rarer, preeclampsia may also develop during the post-partum period. […] In the United States, the rate of preeclampsia in Black women is 60 percent higher than in White women. […] As stated earlier, the number of GWAS on preeclampsia that exist is in stark contrast to its public health importance. More studies need to be done on preeclampsia and genetics. […] Nonetheless, the study shows the need for more genetic studies that help develop tests to predict and manage people at risk for preeclampsia.

• #74 Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring, Postpartum Treatment of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Peripartum Magnesium Sulfate Regimens for Preeclampsia With Severe Features | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy/protocol

  Recent innovations in healthcare delivery specifically, remote monitoring show promise in improving early detection of postpartum HTN while also improving the patient experience by increasing the convenience of care and decreasing the need for clinical encounters. Key missing information includes whether postpartum BP home- or tele-monitoring is effective, whether the form of home monitoring (e.g., monitoring regimen, communication method) impacts effectiveness, and whether home monitoring may affect observed disparities in outcomes. […] Some individuals with HDP begin the postpartum period receiving large doses of antihypertensive medications. Others may develop HTN after discharge and require treatment. In the postpartum period, BP can change rapidly and unpredictably, with shifting medication requirements, before returning to normal in most patients. More evidence is needed regarding which medication(s) are most effective for outpatient postpartum BP management, have the fewest side effects, do not interfere with breastfeeding, and have dosing intervals that support adherence. The evidence is also emerging regarding the use of home BP monitoring accompanied by self-titration of antihypertensive medications.

• #75

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00404-022-06864-y

  The recent change in the definition of preeclampsia has been influenced by the evidence from a large prospective cohort study. […] To prevent disease progression and adverse outcomes, pregnant women suspected of having a hypertensive pregnancy disorder should be further evaluated and potentially monitored. […] Remote, home blood pressure monitoring is not yet routinely recommended, as the possible advantages and disadvantages have not yet been sufficiently proven by high-quality studies. […] Many of the above-mentioned maternal parameters can now be collected easily, quickly, objectively, and reproducibly by pregnant women in their own homes, thus enabling remote monitoring. […] The potential benefits of home blood pressure monitoring in a non-pregnant cohort are manifold and include ease of implementation and availability for the patients, reduced costs for payers through fewer visits to the doctor and less hospital stays, increased compliance and improved association with complications.

• #76 Postpartum Hypertension & Blood Pressure Home Monitoring

  https://www.healthrecoverysolutions.com/blog/home-monitoring-for-postpartum-hypertension

  Over 700 women die from complications related to pregnancy in the United States each year. […] One consistent cause of complications and even death in postpartum mothers is postpartum hypertension. In the United States, 10% of pregnancies are affected by hypertension-related disorders. […] So important in the postpartum period is close monitoring of signs and symptoms of hypertension and preeclampsia. […] In recent years, research has largely supported the use of telehealth for monitoring postpartum hypertension (PP HTN). […] As of April 2018, there are new guidelines for postpartum care from the ACOG that redefine the postpartum visit. […] For patients who prefer to receive care at home, require continual monitoring, or live in rural or underserved areas, telehealth is a great option to ensure the guidelines outlined by the ACOG are followed.

• #77 Postpartum Hypertension & Blood Pressure Home Monitoring

  https://www.healthrecoverysolutions.com/blog/home-monitoring-for-postpartum-hypertension

  Over 700 women die from complications related to pregnancy in the United States each year. […] One consistent cause of complications and even death in postpartum mothers is postpartum hypertension. In the United States, 10% of pregnancies are affected by hypertension-related disorders. […] So important in the postpartum period is close monitoring of signs and symptoms of hypertension and preeclampsia. […] In recent years, research has largely supported the use of telehealth for monitoring postpartum hypertension (PP HTN). […] As of April 2018, there are new guidelines for postpartum care from the ACOG that redefine the postpartum visit. […] For patients who prefer to receive care at home, require continual monitoring, or live in rural or underserved areas, telehealth is a great option to ensure the guidelines outlined by the ACOG are followed.

• #78 Postpartum remote home blood pressure monitoring: the new frontier – ScienceOpen

  https://www.scienceopen.com/document/read?vid=f8a27f8c-1e33-4b90-8e33-dcce4a87c984

  Considering these factors, the widespread adoption of postpartum blood pressure monitoring programs holds promise to improve the care of this at-risk population. […] The demonstrated success of postpartum blood pressure monitoring programs across an array of implementation and clinical practice outcomes begs the question of whether it is time for these programs to be integrated into our standard of care for the postpartum patient. […] There is a lack of standardization and aggregable data regarding the most evidence-based way to manage postpartum hypertension. […] A key barrier to these programs’ widespread implementation and adoption is related to program sustainability through third-party reimbursement. […] De novo, or delayed, postpartum preeclampsia is defined as new development of preeclampsia 48 hours to 6 weeks postpartum, and is an important contributor to hypertension-related morbidity.

• #79 Postpartum Care

  https://www.preeclampsia.org/postpartum-care

  Delivery is not the cure for preeclampsia. […] With 75% of preeclampsia related deaths happening after birth, the Preeclampsia Foundation has worked hard to debunk the myth that delivery is the cure for preeclampsia. […] Any woman can develop preeclampsia after her baby is born, whether she experienced high blood pressure during her pregnancy or not. […] Many cases of postpartum preeclampsia are missed or poorly handled. Sometimes high blood pressure continues and causes other problems such as excessive fluid in the lungs or stroke. […] The handoff from childbirth to a regular medical home must include transferring information about any pregnancy complications she experienced. […] Most women and even their healthcare providers are not aware that a history of severe preeclampsia, growth-restricted babies, and other pregnancy complications put them at higher risk for heart disease and stroke than other women without these complications. […] Postpartum care and patient education remain a key goal for the Preeclampsia Foundation. Many of our affected women complain about the lack of information sent home with them, leaving them vulnerable when symptoms arise that should drive them back to care, but instead are ignored.

• #80 Report from a text-based blood pressure monitoring prospective cohort trial among postpartum women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Full Text

  https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-024-06511-1

  It is also suggested that the use of remote blood pressure monitoring (BPM) and surveillance with text messaging may improve adherence for BPM in the postpartum period. […] Our study sought to determine if standardized education improved patient hypertension knowledge and if this when combined with home blood pressure telemonitoring increased participants postpartum self-blood pressure monitoring and postpartum visit attendance. […] Implementing a standardized postpartum education session was associated with improvement in patients knowledge. […] Further studies are needed with more longitudinal follow up to assess if this program would also result in improved long-term outcomes and decreased hospital readmission rates.

• #81 Postpartum Care

  https://www.preeclampsia.org/postpartum-care

  Delivery is not the cure for preeclampsia. […] With 75% of preeclampsia related deaths happening after birth, the Preeclampsia Foundation has worked hard to debunk the myth that delivery is the cure for preeclampsia. […] Any woman can develop preeclampsia after her baby is born, whether she experienced high blood pressure during her pregnancy or not. […] Many cases of postpartum preeclampsia are missed or poorly handled. Sometimes high blood pressure continues and causes other problems such as excessive fluid in the lungs or stroke. […] The handoff from childbirth to a regular medical home must include transferring information about any pregnancy complications she experienced. […] Most women and even their healthcare providers are not aware that a history of severe preeclampsia, growth-restricted babies, and other pregnancy complications put them at higher risk for heart disease and stroke than other women without these complications. […] Postpartum care and patient education remain a key goal for the Preeclampsia Foundation. Many of our affected women complain about the lack of information sent home with them, leaving them vulnerable when symptoms arise that should drive them back to care, but instead are ignored.

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