Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Colon polyps – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colon-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20352875

  A colon polyp is a small clump of cells that forms on the lining of the colon. […] Your risk for colorectal cancer also is higher if you are overweight, smoke, have a personal history of colon polyps, or a family history of advanced colon polyps or colorectal cancer. […] Healthy cells grow and divide in an orderly way. Changes in certain cells can lead to continued dividing even when new cells aren’t needed. In the colon and rectum, this continued growth of cells can cause polyps to form. Polyps can grow anywhere in the large intestine. […] There are two main categories of polyps, nonneoplastic and neoplastic. Nonneoplastic polyps typically do not become cancerous. Neoplastic polyps include adenomas and serrated lesions. Most cases of colorectal cancer arise from an adenoma that has been present for a long time. However, serrated lesions also can become cancerous. In general for neoplastic polyps, the larger the polyp, the greater the risk of cancer.

• #1 Colon polyps – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colon-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20352875

  Factors that might increase the risk of colon polyps or cancer include: Age. Most people with colon polyps are 45 or older. […] Having certain intestinal conditions. Having inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, increases the overall risk of colorectal cancer. […] Family history. Having a parent, sibling or child with advanced colon polyps (polyps 10 mm in size or larger, for example) increases the risk of getting them. […] Smoking and excess alcohol use. Studies show that people who have three or more alcoholic drinks a day have an increased risk of getting colon polyps. […] Having diabetes. Diabetes increases polyp risk by 50% among all age groups. […] Obesity, lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet. The risk of colon polyps increases for people who are overweight, don’t exercise regularly and lack a healthy diet.

• #1 Colon polyps – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colon-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20352875

  Hereditary disorders are conditions passed down from parents. Rarely, people inherit genetic variants that cause colon polyps to form and increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. […] Conditions that cause colon polyps include: Lynch syndrome, also called hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. […] Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a rare disorder that causes hundreds or even thousands of polyps to develop in the lining of the colon during the teenage years. […] Some colon polyps may become cancerous. The earlier polyps are removed, the less likely it is that they will become cancerous.

• #2 Colon Polyps: Symptoms, Causes, Types & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15370-colon-polyps

  Colon polyps are growths on the inside lining of your colon (large intestine). Theyre a type of tumor, a cluster or mass of abnormal cells. Polyps are tumors that grow out of the mucous lining inside your hollow organs, like your gastrointestinal tract, your nose or female reproductive organs. […] Colon polyps are common, especially as you get older. They affect about 20% of adults overall and about 40% over the age of 50, as well as 6% of children. People of all ethnicities and genders are at risk of colon polyps and colon cancer. […] Most colon polyps are sporadic, which means they occur randomly. However, some people have hereditary syndromes, conditions passed down through their families, that cause colon polyps. These syndromes can cause large numbers of certain types of polyps and can carry a higher cancer risk.

• #2 Colon Polyps: Symptoms, Causes, Types & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15370-colon-polyps

  Genetic mutations are the main cause of colon polyps. These are errors in the genetic code that your cells use to reproduce themselves. The cells in your colon lining replace themselves often, so there are more chances for errors to occur. When their code changes, they grow and behave differently. […] Some gene mutations are passed down through families (these are hereditary syndromes). Others appear to be random, but they probably have multiple contributing causes. Researchers believe that sporadic colon polyps may be partly inherited and partly triggered by environmental risk factors. […] Environmental risk factors are factors related to where and how you live that can affect your colon health. They include your physical environment, social environment and lifestyle habits. […] Environmental risk factors that may contribute to colon polyps include: Aging, Smoking, Heavy alcohol use, High-fat, low-fiber diet, Lack of exercise, Obesity, Diabetes, Inflammatory bowel disease. […] Inflammatory pseudopolyps arent true polyps and arent caused by genetic mutations. Theyre ulcers that healed to form bump-like scars that look like polyps. Chronic inflammation in your colon (colitis) is the usual cause of these ulcers. Theyre often related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

• #3 Colorectal Polyps: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/colorectal-diseases/colorectal-polyps

  Colon polyps develop from abnormal tissue growth. As the lining of the large intestine constantly renews itself, a faulty gene can cause cells to multiply at a more rapid rate. […] Doctors dont exactly know what causes polyps in the lining of the colon, or why only a small percentage of colorectal polyps evolve into cancer. […] While the precise cause of why colorectal polyps develop is unknown, there are a host of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that may increase your likelihood of having them. […] Risk factors for developing colorectal polyps include: […] Unhealthy diet. Certain foods have been linked to an increased risk of polyps. […] Foods associated with an increased risk of developing colon polyps include:

• #4 Colon Polyps: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/colon-polyps-basics

  Colon polyps are small growths on the lining of your colon or large intestine, part of your digestive tract. Most aren’t harmful. But some can turn into colon cancer over time. For that reason, your doctor needs to remove any colon polyps you have. […] Changes in genes (called mutations) cause most colon polyps. Doctors don’t know exactly why these changes happen. […] Anyone can get colon polyps, but certain things make you more likely to have them, including if you: Have a family history of colon polyps, Are overweight (with a body mass index, or BMI, of 25-29.9) or have obesity (with a BMI over 30), Are 50 or older, Smoke, Drink alcohol, Have a diet that’s high in fat and low in fiber, Have had colon polyps or colon cancer before, Have an inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, Have type 2 diabetes that isn’t well-controlled, Get little exercise.

• #4 Colon Polyps: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/colon-polyps-basics

  Some genetic conditions also raise your chances for polyps and colon cancer, including: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). This can cause hundreds or thousands of polyps to grow when you’re young, as early as your teenage years. […] Alcohol and colon polyps: Having more than three alcoholic drinks a day increases your risk of colon polyps, especially if you also smoke. […] Studies have shown that eating less of these foods could lower your risk of polyps: Processed meat, like bacon and deli meats, Red meats, like pork and beef, High-fat foods, such as fried items.

• #5 Bowel polyps | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/bowel-polyps/

  Bowel polyps are caused by an abnormal production of cells. The lining of the bowel constantly renews itself, and a faulty gene can cause the cells in the bowel lining to grow more quickly. […] There may be a family tendency towards developing bowel polyps or bowel cancer.

• #6 Colorectal polyps: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000266.htm

  A colorectal polyp is a growth on the lining of the colon or rectum. […] Polyps of the colon and rectum are most often benign. This means they are not a cancer. You may have one or many polyps. They become more common with age. There are many types of polyps. […] Adenomatous polyps are a common type. They are gland-like growths that develop on the mucous membrane that lines the large intestine. […] Polyps that are 1 centimeter (cm) or larger have a higher cancer risk than polyps smaller than 1 cm. Risk factors include: Age, Family history of colon cancer or polyps, A type of polyp called villous adenoma. […] A small number of people with polyps may also be linked to some inherited disorders, including: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Gardner syndrome (a type of FAP), Juvenile polyposis, a disease that causes many benign growths in the intestine, usually before 20 years old, Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also called Lynch syndrome, a disease that raises the chance of many types of cancer, including in the intestine, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, a disease that causes intestinal polyps, usually in the small intestine and usually benign.

• #7 What Causes Colon Polyps? | Colorectal Cancer Specialists at Compass

  https://www.compassoncology.com/blog/what-causes-colon-polyps

  You may know that colon polyps can lead to colon cancer, but you may not know what causes colon polyps. The answers may surprise you. […] Most polyps do not cause symptoms, although larger colon polyps can cause blood in the stool. While most colon polyps are harmless, some can develop into colon cancer. […] Medical researchers have not yet established the exact cause of colon polyps in all cases, but they have determined that certain factors can increase your risk of developing colon polyps. […] Colon polyps are uncommon in people in their 20s, according to the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE), but more than 40% of people in their 50s have precancerous colon polyps. […] You may be at higher risk of developing colon polyps if someone in your family has had polyps or colon cancer.

• #8 Colon Polyps – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430761/

  Colon polyps are protrusions occurring in the colon lumen most commonly sporadic or as part of other syndromes. […] Risk factors include advancing age, male gender, high-fat, low-fiber diet, tobacco use, and excess alcohol intake (more than eight drinks a week). Individuals with a family history of polyps, colorectal cancer, and intestinal polyposis carry a higher risk of developing colon polyps. […] Polyps develop into cancer after inactivation of tumor suppressor genes as adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), or mismatch repair genes (MLH1). Genetics play a significant role; familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is autosomal dominant, and the majority of affected patients develop colorectal cancer (CRC) by age 40. […] Recommendations that may decrease the incidence of colon polyps include low-fat, high fiber diet, decreased alcohol intake, and smoking cessation.

• #9 Colon polyps: 10 things to know | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/colon-polyps–10-things-to-know.h00-159538167.html

  Men are more likely to develop colon polyps than women. […] But getting older is also a risk factor for developing polyps, which is why its recommended that people start having colorectal cancer screenings at age 45. […] Certain genetic syndromes can also predispose people to developing colon polyps and colorectal cancer. […] A significant family history of colon polyps, particularly pre-cancerous polyps, may also result in more frequent monitoring, and potentially earlier monitoring, than average-risk patients. […] Not all of them will turn into cancer. […] Even those that could turn into cancer someday aren’t necessarily guaranteed to. […] They just have the potential. […] Certain colon polyp features are more worrisome than others, but shape is not generally among them. […] The more pre-cancerous polyps someone has, the higher their risk will be.

• #10 Risk Factors for Recurrent Colorectal Polyps

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5009/gnl19097

  It has been demonstrated worldwide that recurrence of colorectal polyps is related to the sex of the patients. The recurrence rate of colorectal adenomatous polyps for male patients is higher than that for female patients (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.61; p=0.04). The mechanism of recurrence could be related to the higher concentration of estrogen/progestogen in female patients than in male patients. Estrogen/progestogen has antagonistic effects on cell hormonal receptors, decreasing the recurrence rate for colorectal polyps among female patients. […] Age is an essential factor for colorectal polyp recurrence. Patients aged more than 60 years also have higher recurrence rates of colorectal adenoma. The recurrence rate is increasingly related to age, especially, in the proximal colon. In most cases, the recurrence of colorectal polyp is associated with continuously mechanical and inflammatory stimulation. Given the high incidence of colorectal dysfunction and constipation, elder patients are more at risk of undergoing stimulations of colorectal tract, leading to chronic inflammation.

• #10 Risk Factors for Recurrent Colorectal Polyps

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5009/gnl19097

  The follow-up schedule is performed as a surveillance method to investigate the recurrence rate among patients. Many statistical articles have proved that post-polypectomy follow-up can decrease the recurrence risk of colorectal polyps. […] Increasing the proportion of dietary fiber, particularly fiber cereal and whole grains, in an individuals daily diet can reduce the recurrence rate of colorectal adenomas. […] Consumption of legumes, which include dry beans, dry peas, green beans, and peanuts, can reduce the recurrence rate of colorectal adenoma (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.69; p=0.001). […] High calcium consumption might decrease the carcinogenic risk of colorectal polyps. A randomized trial showed that the calcium intake of high-risk patients can manifest a modest, but preventive, effect against colorectal adenoma recurrence (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.88; p=0.005).

• #10 Risk Factors for Recurrent Colorectal Polyps

  https://www.gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5009/gnl19097

  Cigarettes have a substantial number of components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines and nitrosamines, with carcinogenic action. As an independent potential risk factor of colorectal adenomatous polyp recurrence, cigarette smoking can lead to oxidative stress and DNA damage, producing various carcinogens. […] Excessive alcohol consumption might directly contribute to the recurrence of colorectal adenomatous and colonic hyperplastic polyps (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.21; p=0.003). […] Although the pharmacological mechanisms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intake and colorectal adenoma recurrence are not completely understood, it is possible that NSAIDs can decrease colorectal polyp recurrence. […] Gene variation may confer a potential risk for colorectal adenoma recurrence, manifesting as gene polymorphism. Most of the gene polymorphisms can only produce an effect when combined with dietary bioactive materials; this is referred to as gene-diet interaction.

• #11 Colon and Rectal Polyps | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/digestive-and-liver-health/colon-and-rectal-polyps

  Colon and rectal polyps occur in about 25 percent of men and women ages 45 and older. […] Anyone can develop colon and rectal polyps, but people with the following risk factors are more likely to do so: Age 45 years and older, a family history of polyps or colon cancer, a rare inherited gene that makes people more likely to develop polyps, an inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohns disease, high-fat, low-fiber diet, tobacco and alcohol use, little or no exercise, obesity. […] Certain types of polyps are more likely to turn into cancer. […] About 70 percent of all polyps are adenomatous, making it the most common type of colon polyp. […] Only a small percentage become cancerous, but nearly all malignant polyps began as adenomatous. […] Depending on their size and location in the colon, serrated polyps may become cancerous.

• #11 Colon and Rectal Polyps | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/digestive-and-liver-health/colon-and-rectal-polyps

  Larger serrated polyps, which are typically flat (sessile), difficult to detect and located in the upper colon, are precancerous. […] Inflammatory polyps most often occur in people who have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). […] These types of polyps are also known as pseudopolyps because they are not true polyps, but rather develop as a reaction to chronic inflammation in the colon. […] Approximately 15 percent of polyps detected in colon cancer screening are villous or tubulovillous adenomas. […] This type of polyp carries a high risk of turning cancerous.

• #12 Colorectal polyps Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/colorectal-polyps

  A small number of people with polyps may also be linked to some inherited disorders, including: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Gardner syndrome (a type of FAP), Juvenile polyposis, a disease that causes many benign growths in the intestine, usually before 20 years old, Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also called Lynch syndrome, a disease that raises the chance of many types of cancer, including in the intestine, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, a disease that causes intestinal polyps, usually in the small intestine and usually benign.

• #12 Colorectal polyps Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/colorectal-polyps

  A colorectal polyp is a growth on the lining of the colon or rectum. […] Polyps of the colon and rectum are most often benign. This means they are not a cancer. You may have one or many polyps. They become more common with age. There are many types of polyps. […] Adenomatous polyps are a common type. They are gland-like growths that develop on the mucous membrane that lines the large intestine. […] When adenomas become cancerous, they are known as adenocarcinomas. Adenocarcinomas are cancers that originate in glandular tissue cells. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of colorectal cancer. […] Polyps that are 1 centimeter (cm) or larger have a higher cancer risk than polyps smaller than 1 cm. Risk factors include: Age, Family history of colon cancer or polyps, A type of polyp called villous adenoma.

• #13 Colon polyps // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/colon-polyps

  People with Lynch syndrome may form relatively few colon polyps, but those polyps can quickly become cancerous. […] Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a rare disorder that causes hundreds or even thousands of polyps to develop in the lining of the colon during the teenage years. […] If the polyps aren’t treated, the risk of developing colon cancer is nearly 100%, usually before age 40. […] Some colon polyps may become cancerous. The earlier polyps are removed, the less likely it is that they will become cancerous.

• #14 Colonic Polyps: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/172674-overview

  Identification and characterization of the genetic factors leading to the various syndromes is progressing. Most of the mutant genes in these syndromes have been identified. Note the following: At the genetic level, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is understood the best. This is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by truncating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. […] Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)/Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the DNA mismatch repair proteins. […] Cowden disease is associated with mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homology on chromosome 10 (PTEN) protein phosphatase. […] MUTYH polyposis is a recessive disorder of base excision repair.

• #14 Colonic Polyps: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/172674-overview

  Epidemiologic studies suggest that environmental causes contribute to the differences in colonic polyp incidence in geographically distinct populations, but the responsible factors have remained elusive. […] Differences in the consumption of dietary fiber and antioxidants have been hypothesized to play a role in the development of colonic polyps, but these proposals have not been substantiated in recent studies. There is limited, circumstantial evidence that consumption of meat, fat, and alcohol may be risk factors. Conversely, consumption of calcium and folate may confer a modest protective effect, particularly in patients with a history of colonic polyps and low basal consumption levels. […] A number of polyposis syndromes have been described. These can be associated with specific extraintestinal manifestations as well as extraintestinal tumors.

• #15 Colorectal polyp – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_polyp

  A colorectal polyp is a polyp (fleshy growth) occurring on the lining of the colon or rectum. Untreated colorectal polyps can develop into colorectal cancer. […] Colorectal polyps are often classified by their behaviour (i.e. benign vs. malignant) or cause (e.g. as a consequence of inflammatory bowel disease). They may be benign (e.g. hyperplastic polyp), pre-malignant (e.g. tubular adenoma) or malignant (e.g. colorectal adenocarcinoma). […] Hereditary syndromes causing increased colorectal polyp formation include: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Juvenile polyposis syndrome. […] Several genes have been associated with polyposis, such as GREM1, MSH3, MLH3, NTHL1, RNF43 and RPS20. […] The syndrome is associated with malfunction of serine-threonine kinase 11 or STK 11 gene, and has a 210% increase in risk of developing cancer of the intestinal tract.

• #16 Colonic Polyps – The Gastrointestinalatlas – gastrointestinalatlas.com

  https://www.gastrointestinalatlas.com/english/polyps.html

  Colon polyps are very common in men and women of all races who live in industrialized countries, suggesting that dietary and environmental factors play a role in their development. […] Although the exact causes are not completely understood, lifestyle risk factors include the following: A high fat diet, A diet high in red meat, A low fiber diet, Cigarette smoking, Obesity. On the other hand, use of aspirin and other NSAIDs and a high calcium diet may protect against the development of colon cancer. […] Colorectal cancer is uncommon before age 40. Ninety percent of cases occur after age 50, with men somewhat more likely to develop polyps than women; therefore, colon cancer screening is usually recommended starting at age 50 for both sexes. It takes approximately 10 years for a small polyp to develop into cancer.

• #16 Colonic Polyps – The Gastrointestinalatlas – gastrointestinalatlas.com

  https://www.gastrointestinalatlas.com/english/polyps.html

  Polyps and colon cancer tend to run in families, suggesting that genetic factors are also important in their development. […] The concept of a polyp-cancer sequence is assuming increasing credibility as a factor in the development of colorectal cancer. […] Most colon cancers arise from conventional adenomatous polyps (conventional adenoma-to-carcinoma sequence). […] Adenomatous polyps are precursors of most colorectal cancers, and their prevalence increases with age. The chance of detecting adenomatous polyps at colonoscopy is generally independent of the indication for the procedure. […] Causes of adenomatous polyps: Genetic factors: From the NPS data, relatives of patients with polyps have an increased risk of carcinoma. This includes siblings of patients with adenomas detected prior to age 60 years or siblings of patients with adenomas detected at any age if either parent has colorectal cancer.

• #17 Patient education: Colon polyps (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/colon-polyps-beyond-the-basics

  COLON POLYP CAUSES […] Polyps are very common in males and females of all races who live in industrialized countries, suggesting that dietary and environmental factors play a role in their development. […] […] Lifestyle — Although the exact causes are not completely understood, lifestyle factors that may increase the risk of polyps include the following: […] – A diet high in fat […] – A diet high in red meat […] – A low-fiber diet […] – Cigarette smoking […] – Obesity […] On the other hand, use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and a high-calcium diet may have a protective effect. […] […] Aging — Polyps and colorectal cancers are uncommon before age 40. Ninety percent of cases occur after age 50, with males somewhat more likely to develop polyps than females. […]

• #18 Factors that Increase Risk of Colon Polyps

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2780253/

  This is consistent with other reports that African Americans are more likely to have proximal lesions. […] In regards to cancer, a study by Shavers showed the odds of a diagnosis of cancer proximal to the sigmoid colon and proximal to the splenic flexure was significantly higher for African Americans. […] There is substantial data that African Americans have a high incidence of colorectal cancers as well as higher cancer-related mortality. […] In general, Hispanics have a relatively lower rate of cancer relative to whites. […] In Asia, the risk of having advanced colonic lesions is increased by 1.05-fold for every single-year increase in age. […] Most studies show an association of higher BMI and increased incidence of colorectal neoplasia. […] The association of obesity and adenoma appears to be on a continuum with BMI adding increased risk in terms of incidence, growth rate, recurrence, and advanced pathology. […] There is a consistent association between smoking and risk of adenomatous polyps in the colon. […] Smoking increases the risk by 1.2 to 2-fold, and obesity increases the risk 2- to 3-fold.

• #19 What Causes Colon Polyps?

  https://www.gastroconsa.com/what-causes-colon-polyps/

  Colon polyps are frequently found and removed during a colonoscopy. […] The risk of developing colon polyps significantly increases as you age, particularly after 45 years old. The cumulative effects of dietary and environmental factors over time are thought to contribute to changes in the colons cellular structure. […] If you have a family history of colon polyps or colorectal cancer, your genetic makeup may predispose you to similar conditions. This genetic risk means that cells in the colon might be more likely to grow abnormally. […] The toxins in cigarette smoke can cause inflammation and cellular damage throughout the body, including the colon, which can increase the risk of polyp development. […] Heavy alcohol use can lead to inflammation and disruptions in the normal functioning of the digestive system, which might increase polyp risk.

• #19 What Causes Colon Polyps?

  https://www.gastroconsa.com/what-causes-colon-polyps/

  Excess body weight often leads to increased levels of inflammation and certain hormones that may promote the growth of polyps. […] High blood insulin and sugar levels can promote abnormal cell growth, including in the colon. […] Lack of regular physical activity can slow digestive function and alter metabolic pathways, potentially leading to the growth of polyps.

• #20 3 Things to Know About Colon Polyps > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/3-thing-to-know-about-colon-polyps

  The lining of the intestine is an area with a lot of cell turnover. That’s one of the reasons why the colon is an area where many cancers are formed. […] Not all colorectal polyps are precancerous, but many have that potential. An estimated 5% to 10% of adenomas may eventually progress to become a cancer. […] When a person is found to have multiple or large polyps, there is more opportunity for cancer to develop. A large polyp has been around longer, so it has had more time to undergo those cellular changes. […] Most of these polyps develop sporadically, meaning they appear as people age. But there are hereditary components to some cancers, and people with a family history of colon cancer or polyps are more likely to develop them. […] There are syndromes where you have certain mutations you’re already born with, so you’re predisposed. One of these is Lynch syndrome, an inherited cancer syndrome that is the most common cause of inherited colorectal cancer.

• #20 3 Things to Know About Colon Polyps > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/3-thing-to-know-about-colon-polyps

  Polyps are then sent to a pathologist, who will determine whether or not they are precancerous. This is done by thinly slicing polyp tissue, staining it to make it easier to see, and then looking through a microscope for certain features that are characteristic of cancer. […] All of these polyps are considered precancerous; removing them prevents them from developing into cancer.

• #21 Colon Polyps: Types, Pictures, Causes, Symptoms & Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/colon_polyps/article.htm

  In the most common of these conditions, hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps form (familial adenomatous polyposis or FAP) as a result of a mutation in the APC gene. […] The second most common type of colon polyp is the hyperplastic polyp. It is important to recognize these polyps and to differentiate them from adenomatous polyps since they have little or no potential to become cancerous unless they are located in the proximal (ascending colon), or show a particular histologic pattern under the microscope (a serrated appearance). […] Colon polyps can vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. The larger the polyp the more likely it is that there will be cancer within the polyp or that the polyp will later become cancerous. […] Genetics and genetic testing have become important aspects in the evaluation of both colon polyps and colon cancer.

• #22 Do Colon Polyps Mean I Have Cancer?

  https://aocancer.com/blog/do-colon-polyps-mean-i-have-cancer

  Colon polyps are small clumps of cells that form inside the lining of your colon. […] However, DNA changes sometimes occur throughout your lifetime, causing colon cells to divide too frequently, which can develop polyps. […] According to most experts, the risk of polyp development increases based on your environment, food, and family history. […] Smoking, drinking alcohol, obesity, and consuming a high-fat, low-fiber diet are known risk factors associated with polyp formation. […] Genetic abnormalities (Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, serrated polyposis syndrome, and others) can cause polyps to form. […] Even though most polyps are harmless, their type and size determine whether cancer is likely to develop. […] A 2018 study published by the American Journal of Gastroenterology stated that only 3.4% of polyps in this size range were found to be cancerous. However, the cancer rate jumped to 13.4% when polyps measured 10mm or larger. […] By removing smaller polyps, there is less risk of cancer occurring.

• #23 Colon Polyps – Premier Medical Group

  https://www.premiermedicalhv.com/divisions/services/colon-polyps/

  Colon polyps are caused by abnormal cell growth. […] Healthy cells grow and divide, a process that’s controlled by two groups of genes, and when there are mutations in any of these genes, it causes cells to continue dividing even when new cells are not needed. The unregulated growth in the colon can cause polyps to form. […] Anyone can get colon polyps, but certain people are more likely to get them than others. People with risk factors for colon polyps: 50 years and older, have a family history of polyps, have a family history of colon cancer, had uterine or ovarian cancer before age 50, eat fatty foods, smoke, drink alcohol, are overweight. […] Over time, these growths can become cancerous, so colon polyp removal is generally recommended. […] The larger the polyp the greater the likelihood of cancer is.

• #24 What Are the Main Causes of Colon Polyps? – Digestive Health Services

  https://dighealth.org/posts/what-are-the-main-causes-of-colon-polyps/

  Anyone can develop colon polyps, and in fact 30% of those over the age of 50 have them regardless of ethnicity or gender. […] Some percentage of these polyps can become cancerous. […] The percentage of polyps that are cancerous or become cancerous depends on several factors like their size and shape when it formed. […] It can take up to 10 years for a polyp to become cancerous. […] You are more likely to develop colon polyps with the following factors out of your control. […] Age is the biggest risk once you reach 50. […] Relatives who had colon polyps like a parent or sibling, but even grandparents, uncles, and aunts increase your risk for developing polyps. […] Having an inflammatory bowel disease like ulcerative colitis or Crohns’s disease. […] Some studies show those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease are more likely to have polyps. […] Lifestyle choices can affect your risk for polyps and colon cancer, and are in your control. […] Smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol can increase the risk of polyps and colon cancer. […] Obesity can be a contributing factor.

• #25 Colon Cancer: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14501-colorectal-colon-cancer

  Colon cancer develops from certain polyps or growths in the inner lining of your colon. […] Colon cancer starts in your mucosa, the innermost lining of your colon. It consists of cells that make and release mucus and other fluids. If these cells mutate or change, they may create a colon polyp. […] Over time, colon polyps may become cancerous. (It usually takes about 10 years for cancer to form in a colon polyp.) […] Medical researchers aren’t sure why some people develop precancerous colon polyps that become colon cancer. They do know certain risk factors increase people’s chances of developing precancerous polyps and colon cancer. […] Those risk factors include certain medical conditions, including inherited conditions, and lifestyle choices. […] Having a diet that includes lots of red meat and processed meat: Processed meat includes bacon sausage and lunchmeat. Healthcare providers recommend you limit red meat and processed meat to two servings a week. […] People with numerous colon polyps including adenomas, serrated polyps or other types of polyps often have an increased risk of developing polyps and colon cancer.

• #26 Colon polyps Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/colon-polyps.html

  Colon polyps are growths of tissue inside the large intestine, also called the colon. […] Most are noncancerous (benign), but one type, the adenomatous polyp, is associated with changes (called mutations) in the DNA of the lining of the colon. These mutations can progress into colon cancer. […] Some people are born with a genetic tendency to develop multiple polyps. Inherited conditions such as familial adenomatous polyposis and Gardner’s syndrome can cause hundreds of polyps to grow in the colon and rectum. […] The danger from polyps is that most cases of colon cancer spring from these growths. […] About one-third of adenomatous polyps will progress to cancer in three to five years if undetected or ignored. […] Women who take hormones after menopause have a lower risk of colon cancer. […] If you have a hereditary condition that causes polyps to overgrow in the large intestine, you should begin frequent examinations at puberty.

• #27 Colon polyps – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colon-polyps/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352881

  „Generally speaking, we encourage all adults over the age of 50 and even older adults who have at least 10 years of very high-quality life expectancy to participate in screening,” Dr. Kisiel says. […] „Precancerous polyps are extremely common,” he says. „We expect to find them in more than a quarter of the colonoscopies that we do at a minimum. So, you know, maybe a third or even a half of all patients getting [a] colonoscopy will have precancerous polyps.” […] „Of all the polyps that we see, only a minority will turn into cancer,” he says. „Sometimes they just go away on their own, but removing polyps is thought to be one of the mechanisms by which we can prevent the formation of cancer in the first place.” […] Some types of colon polyps have the potential to become cancerous and others don’t. A medical professional who studies tissue samples, called a pathologist, will look at the polyp tissue under a microscope to find out. […] If you have had an adenomatous polyp or a serrated lesion, you are at increased risk of colorectal cancer. The level of risk depends on the size, number and characteristics of the polyps that were removed.

• #28 What Causes Polyps In The Colon (Types, Symptoms, Treatment)

  https://www.hoag.org/specialties-services/digestive-health/diseases-conditions/colon-polyps/

  Most polyps found during screenings are benign, meaning they probably wont become colorectal cancer. However, certain types are considered precancerous polyps. Those who have them have a higher risk of developing colon cancer. […] Adenomas are the most common type of precancerous colon polyp discovered during colorectal cancer screenings. Its believed that only about 5% of adenomas eventually develop into colorectal cancer, but theres currently no test to determine which polyps will. […] The most common treatment for colorectal polyps is immediately removing them. Polyp removal can often be done during a colonoscopy in which polyps are discovered if the polyps are small.

• #29 Colonic Polyps: Types, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/colorectal-polyps

  Polyps are abnormal tissue growths, but doctors do not yet know their exact cause. […] Doctors don’t know the exact cause of colonic polyps, but polyps result from abnormal tissue growth. […] In some cases, however, new cells grow and divide before they’re needed. This excess growth causes polyps to form. The polyps can develop in any area of the colon. […] Although the specific cause of colonic polyps isn’t known, there are certain factors that can increase your risk of developing colonic polyps. […] Lifestyle behaviors that may contribute to the growth of colonic polyps include: smoking, drinking alcohol frequently, having a sedentary lifestyle, eating a high-fat diet. […] A healthy diet, including foods rich in vitamin D, calcium, and fiber, can lower your risk for developing colonic polyps.

• #30 What Causes Colon Polyps? – Precision Digestive Care

  https://precisiondigestivecare.com/what-causes-colon-polyps/

  Eating fiber is good for your colon for many reasons, and transmits a decreased risk of colon cancer as well. […] Smoking causes all kinds of cancer. It also increases the risk of colon polyps and colorectal cancer. […] Being overweight or obese increases the risk of colon cancer. […] Staying physically active can reduce the risk of colon cancer by a whopping 25%! […] Coffee seems to be somewhat protective against developing polyps and colon cancer! […] On one hand it seems that high consumption of dairy products like milk is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. […] Unfortunately some people just have bad luck.

• #31

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/polyps-of-the-colon-and-rectum

  Colorectal polyps are abnormal growths that start in the inner lining of the colon or rectum. […] Certain types of polyps may be precancerous. […] Having polyps removed reduces a persons future risk for colorectal cancer. […] Screening for polyps should start at 45 years of age or earlier if any risk factors as: inflammatory bowel disease, family history of colorectal cancer or syndrome of hereditary colon cancer. […] Removal of colorectal polyps is advised because there is no test to determine if one will turn into cancer. […] Nearly all polyps can be removed or eliminated during a colonoscopy. […] Taking a daily aspirin or other non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce the risk of new polyps forming.

• #32 All About Colon Polyps | OncoLink

  https://www.oncolink.org/cancers/gastrointestinal/colon-cancer/risk-prevention-and-screening/all-about-colon-polyps

  Polyposis syndromes can cause polyps. They are often caused by a genetic abnormality within a family. Most lead to an increased risk of colon cancer, as well as pancreatic, thyroid, and breast cancer. […] Taking out adenomas greatly lowers the risk of developing colon cancer. Based on the National Polyp Study, polypectomy lowers the risk of colon cancer by up to 80%.

• #33 Colon Polyps: Symptoms, Causes, Types (Tubular Adenoma, Sessile)

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/colorectal-cancer/risk-factors/colon-polyps

  A colon polyp is a small growth of tissue inside the colon, or large intestine. Although most colon polyps are harmless, some may turn into colorectal cancer or already be cancerous. […] Although researchers dont know the exact cause of colon polyps, certain factors may increase a patients risk of developing them. These risk factors include: Being older than age 45, Having a family member who has had colon polyps or colon cancer, Having had a previous diagnosis of colon polyps. […] The percentage of colon polyps that are cancerous or become cancerous depend on a variety of factors, including the type and size of the polyp and when it formed. It may take up to 10 years for some polyps to become cancerous. […] Colon polyps can grow back. Research indicates that as many as 60 percent of polyps may grow back within three years. Also, about 30 percent of patients who’ve had polyps removed develop new ones. This is why it is important to talk to the care team about follow-up screening within five years after the polyps are removed. […] Eating a healthy diet may reduce the risk for developing colon polyps. Specifically, research suggests that eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and fiber-containing foods such as bran cereal and beans may help prevent colon polyps.

• #34 Causes and Risk Factors of Colon Polyps | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/digestion-and-metabolic-health/colon-polyps/causes.html

  Experts are not sure what causes colon polyps. It is probably a combination of environmental factors and genetics. […] However, certain people are at higher risk for getting them, especially if you:

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