Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Angioedema: Causes, Appearance and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/angioedema

  Angioedema is a skin reaction similar to urticaria. It is characterised by an abrupt, temporary, localised swelling of the deep dermal layer, subcutaneous tissue, and mucous membranes. Although it can affect any part of the body, it most often occurs around the eyes, lips, and genitals. In severe cases, the internal lining of the upper respiratory tract and intestines may also be affected. […] General features include: Localised oedema, Usually affecting eyelids or lips, Skin-coloured or slightly red in colour, Associated with burning sensation, Not itchy, Non-pitting, Swelling usually resolve within 24-48 hrs, Lesions do not weep or blister and resolve without scaling (in contrast to acute eczema), May affect other organs such as: Intestines causing abdominal pain, Upper airway producing difficulty in breathing and swallowing.

• #2 Hives and angioedema – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20354908

  Angioedema causes swelling in the deeper layers of skin, often of the face and lips. It often goes away within a day. […] Angioedema can arise with hives or alone. It causes swelling in the deeper layers of skin, often around the face and lips. Short-lived (acute) hives and angioedema are common. Most times, they are harmless, clear up within in a day and don’t leave any lasting marks, even without treatment. […] Angioedema is a reaction similar to hives that affects deeper layers of the skin. It can appear with hives or alone. Signs and symptoms include: swelling, especially around the eyes, cheeks or lips. […] Severe angioedema can be life-threatening if swelling of the tongue or in the throat blocks the airway.

• #3 Angioedema: Treatments, types, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/216095

  Angioedema affects approximately 10-20% of people. […] The swelling happens beneath the skin when fluid accumulates, sometimes similar to hives (urticaria). […] Angioedema can be fatal, being associated with 5,768 deaths between 1979 and 2010. […] In some cases, angioedema may cause swelling of the throat and airways. […] Although the condition is normally mild, if it progresses rapidly, or if it affects the throat, it can cause asphyxiation. This will lead to the following signs/symptoms: sudden or rapidly escalating breathing problems, noisy breathing, dizziness, collapsing. […] Symptoms of angioedema typically appear suddenly and may remain for up to 3 days. […] Swelling beneath the skins surface is the most common symptom of angioedema and may affect a persons: hands, genitals, feet, legs, eyes, throat, tongue, bowel lining.

• #4 Angioedema – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/angioedema

  The main symptom is sudden swelling below the skin surface. Welts or swelling on the surface of the skin can also develop. […] The swelling usually occurs around the eyes and lips. It may also be found on the hands, feet, and throat. The swelling may form a line or be more spread out. […] The welts are painful and may be itchy. This is known as hives (urticaria). They turn pale and swell if irritated. The deeper swelling of angioedema may also be painful. […] Other symptoms may include: Abdominal cramping, Breathing difficulty, Swollen eyes and mouth, Swollen lining of the eyes (chemosis). […] Angioedema that does not affect the breathing may be uncomfortable. It is usually harmless and goes away in a few days.

• #5 Angioedema

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/ENT/Derm/Angdm.htm

  Edema […] Facial, Tongue or lip swelling […] Abdomen or genitalia swelling […] Extremity swelling […] Airway edema related symptoms […] Dysarthria (related to Tongue swelling) […] Stridor or Wheezing […] Dyspnea […] Gastrointestinal symptoms (if edema affects intestinal tract) […] Nausea […] Vomiting […] Diarrhea […] Abdominal Pain […] Symptoms may be associated with Anaphylaxis […] May occur with Urticaria […] Nonpitting, subcutaneous swelling […] Well demarcated […] Distribution […] Face […] Hands […] Buttocks […] Genitalia […] Abdomen […] Laryngeal Angioedema (more common in Bradykinin-Mediated Angioedema) […] Pruritic Urticaria […] Associated with Histamine mediated Angioedema […] May be associated with Anaphylaxis

• #6 Angioedema: Causes, Appearance and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/angioedema

  Angioedema is a skin reaction similar to urticaria. It is characterised by an abrupt, temporary, localised swelling of the deep dermal layer, subcutaneous tissue, and mucous membranes. Although it can affect any part of the body, it most often occurs around the eyes, lips, and genitals. In severe cases, the internal lining of the upper respiratory tract and intestines may also be affected. […] General features include: Localised oedema, Usually affecting eyelids or lips, Skin-coloured or slightly red in colour, Associated with burning sensation, Not itchy, Non-pitting, Swelling usually resolve within 24-48 hrs, Lesions do not weep or blister and resolve without scaling (in contrast to acute eczema), May affect other organs such as: Intestines causing abdominal pain, Upper airway producing difficulty in breathing and swallowing.

• #7 Angioedema: Causes, Appearance and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/angioedema

  Angioedema is a skin reaction similar to urticaria. It is characterised by an abrupt, temporary, localised swelling of the deep dermal layer, subcutaneous tissue, and mucous membranes. Although it can affect any part of the body, it most often occurs around the eyes, lips, and genitals. In severe cases, the internal lining of the upper respiratory tract and intestines may also be affected. […] General features include: Localised oedema, Usually affecting eyelids or lips, Skin-coloured or slightly red in colour, Associated with burning sensation, Not itchy, Non-pitting, Swelling usually resolve within 24-48 hrs, Lesions do not weep or blister and resolve without scaling (in contrast to acute eczema), May affect other organs such as: Intestines causing abdominal pain, Upper airway producing difficulty in breathing and swallowing.

• #8 Angioedema: Causes, Appearance and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/angioedema

  Angioedema is a skin reaction similar to urticaria. It is characterised by an abrupt, temporary, localised swelling of the deep dermal layer, subcutaneous tissue, and mucous membranes. Although it can affect any part of the body, it most often occurs around the eyes, lips, and genitals. In severe cases, the internal lining of the upper respiratory tract and intestines may also be affected. […] General features include: Localised oedema, Usually affecting eyelids or lips, Skin-coloured or slightly red in colour, Associated with burning sensation, Not itchy, Non-pitting, Swelling usually resolve within 24-48 hrs, Lesions do not weep or blister and resolve without scaling (in contrast to acute eczema), May affect other organs such as: Intestines causing abdominal pain, Upper airway producing difficulty in breathing and swallowing.

• #9 Angioedema Treatment & Management | LACK Allergy Clinic London

  https://www.londonallergy.com/care/symptoms/angioedema

  Episodes that typically last 24-72 hours […] Normal or slightly reddened skin over swollen areas […] Discomfort or pain at swelling sites […] Sensation of tightness or pressure […] Usually minimal or no itching (unlike hives) […] Burning sensation in some cases […] Hoarseness or change in voice […] Difficulty swallowing […] Throat tightness or sensation of choking […] Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (in severe cases).

• #10 Angioedema Treatment & Management | LACK Allergy Clinic London

  https://www.londonallergy.com/care/symptoms/angioedema

  Episodes that typically last 24-72 hours […] Normal or slightly reddened skin over swollen areas […] Discomfort or pain at swelling sites […] Sensation of tightness or pressure […] Usually minimal or no itching (unlike hives) […] Burning sensation in some cases […] Hoarseness or change in voice […] Difficulty swallowing […] Throat tightness or sensation of choking […] Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (in severe cases).

• #11 Angioedema | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/angioedema/

  The symptoms of angioedema can affect any part of the body, but swelling usually affects the: […] The main sign of angioedema is swelling that develops below the skins surface. […] The swelling usually appears suddenly, and is more severe than normal hives (nettle rash). It commonly lasts 1 to 3 days. There may be a prickling sensation in the affected area before swelling is visible. […] As well as visible swellings, angioedema can cause other symptoms, including: […] People with hereditary angioedema may also experience: […] Angioedema is often caused by a problem with the immune system, although there are many cases where no cause can be identified. […] In cases of idiopathic angioedema, certain triggers may lead to swelling, such as: […] Hereditary angioedema is caused by a genetic mutation (a change in the DNA) in the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-inh) gene. […] The diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema is highly specialised and should be carried out in a specialist immunology clinic.

• #12 Angioedema: Treatments, types, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/216095

  Angioedema affects approximately 10-20% of people. […] The swelling happens beneath the skin when fluid accumulates, sometimes similar to hives (urticaria). […] Angioedema can be fatal, being associated with 5,768 deaths between 1979 and 2010. […] In some cases, angioedema may cause swelling of the throat and airways. […] Although the condition is normally mild, if it progresses rapidly, or if it affects the throat, it can cause asphyxiation. This will lead to the following signs/symptoms: sudden or rapidly escalating breathing problems, noisy breathing, dizziness, collapsing. […] Symptoms of angioedema typically appear suddenly and may remain for up to 3 days. […] Swelling beneath the skins surface is the most common symptom of angioedema and may affect a persons: hands, genitals, feet, legs, eyes, throat, tongue, bowel lining.

• #13 Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Symptoms

  https://www.firazyr.com/understanding-hae/hae-symptoms

  Hereditary angioedema (HAE) can cause attacks of swelling in any part of the body, but the most common locations include the skin (eg, face, hands, feet, genitals), stomach, and throat. Before an attack, some people with HAE experience early warning signs, also called prodromal symptoms, such as tingling, rash, fatigue, or nausea. […] Swelling of the skin usually affects the hands, feet, face, or genitals. […] Stomach attacks are the most commonly reported symptoms. […] Can cause mild to severe pain. […] May be accompanied by vomiting and/or diarrhea. […] Causes swelling in the throat, also called a laryngeal attack. […] Swelling in the throat can interfere with breathing, creating a potentially life-threatening situation.

• #14 Angioedema | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/angioedema/

  The symptoms of angioedema can affect any part of the body, but swelling usually affects the: […] The main sign of angioedema is swelling that develops below the skins surface. […] The swelling usually appears suddenly, and is more severe than normal hives (nettle rash). It commonly lasts 1 to 3 days. There may be a prickling sensation in the affected area before swelling is visible. […] As well as visible swellings, angioedema can cause other symptoms, including: […] People with hereditary angioedema may also experience: […] Angioedema is often caused by a problem with the immune system, although there are many cases where no cause can be identified. […] In cases of idiopathic angioedema, certain triggers may lead to swelling, such as: […] Hereditary angioedema is caused by a genetic mutation (a change in the DNA) in the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-inh) gene. […] The diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema is highly specialised and should be carried out in a specialist immunology clinic.

• #15 Angioedema – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/angioedema

  Symptoms are temporary in most people but can reappear due to infection, stress, or unknown reasons. […] The most common areas of the body affected by angioedema are the face, lips, tongue, throat, and genital areas. Swelling of other organs like the oesophagus (muscular tube that takes food to the stomach), abdomen (stomach area), or bowel can sometimes cause pain in the chest. Swelling can sometimes develop over and around joints which can be painful and last for many days. […] The swelling from angioedema usually resolves in a few days. Swelling lasting longer than this may be due to another cause and should be seen by a doctor. […] Angioedema does not cause damage to vital organs like the kidneys, liver, or lungs. It can be dangerous if it affects the throat or the tongue as swelling in these areas can cause difficulty breathing.

• #16 Angioedema – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538489/

  Hereditary angioedema begins in childhood or young adulthood, gets worse at puberty and presents as recurrent episodes of swelling or abdominal pain. Patients can develop prominent prodromal symptoms like erythema marginatum (erythematous, serpentine, non-pruritic rash). An acute attack takes one day to peak and resolves in two to three days. […] Histaminergic angioedema clinical course is 1 hour of allergen exposure, and it may last for one to two days. […] C1 inhibitor deficiency type 1 and 2 angioedema attacks are worse compared to acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency angioedema.

• #17 Angioedema – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538489/

  Hereditary angioedema begins in childhood or young adulthood, gets worse at puberty and presents as recurrent episodes of swelling or abdominal pain. Patients can develop prominent prodromal symptoms like erythema marginatum (erythematous, serpentine, non-pruritic rash). An acute attack takes one day to peak and resolves in two to three days. […] Histaminergic angioedema clinical course is 1 hour of allergen exposure, and it may last for one to two days. […] C1 inhibitor deficiency type 1 and 2 angioedema attacks are worse compared to acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency angioedema.

• #18 Angioedema | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/angioedema/

  The symptoms of angioedema can affect any part of the body, but swelling usually affects the: […] The main sign of angioedema is swelling that develops below the skins surface. […] The swelling usually appears suddenly, and is more severe than normal hives (nettle rash). It commonly lasts 1 to 3 days. There may be a prickling sensation in the affected area before swelling is visible. […] As well as visible swellings, angioedema can cause other symptoms, including: […] People with hereditary angioedema may also experience: […] Angioedema is often caused by a problem with the immune system, although there are many cases where no cause can be identified. […] In cases of idiopathic angioedema, certain triggers may lead to swelling, such as: […] Hereditary angioedema is caused by a genetic mutation (a change in the DNA) in the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-inh) gene. […] The diagnosis and management of hereditary angioedema is highly specialised and should be carried out in a specialist immunology clinic.

• #19 Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Symptoms

  https://www.discoverhae.com/hereditary-angioedema-symptoms

  HAE attack symptoms can include random swelling of body parts. They can also be painful and disabling, making it difficult to perform everyday tasks. Cases involving the throat, or airway, account for 0.9% of all HAE attacks. Every person with HAE is at risk for this type of attack, which can become life-threatening. For this reason, many people live in fear of this type of attack. […] HAE symptoms vary greatly from person to person. They can also change over time within the same person. For instance, the frequency of attacks might increase as a person enters adolescence. […] Before an HAE attack, some people experience a tingling sensation in the affected area. A non-raised, non-itchy rash before swelling begins is also common. When untreated, the swelling usually increases over a 24-hour period and then gradually subsides during the next 48 to 72 hours. An HAE attack can also start in one location and then spread to another before getting better.

• #20 US Hereditary Angioedema Association

  https://www.haea.org/pages/p/what_is_hae

  People with HAE experience recurrent episodes of swelling in the hands, feet, genitals, stomach, face, and/or throat that can last from two to five days. The frequency and severity of attacks may vary dramatically in people affected by HAE, even those in the same family. About 25% of people with HAE experience a flat, non-itching red rash that often occurs before or during an HAE attack. […] It is important to remember that swelling from Hereditary Angioedema is NOT the same as swelling due to allergies and CANNOT be treated as an allergic reaction. Neither epinephrine, antihistamines, nor corticosteroids are effective in treating HAE symptoms.

• #21 What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Hereditary Angioedema?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/hereditary-angioedema/symptoms-signs/

  Some people with HAE say they notice early warning signs that crop up right before an attack starts. […] These indicators can alert you that an episode is coming, and they may include a sudden change in mood, irritability or aggressiveness, anxiety, nausea, extreme tiredness, and a rash or tingling sensation where the swelling begins. […] Symptoms of HAE happen because too much fluid accumulates in your body’s tissues. […] Many times, HAE attacks occur without warning. […] HAE usually starts in childhood and may worsen after puberty. […] Research suggests that 50 percent of people with HAE report their first symptoms by age 7. […] HAE attacks can be painful, unpredictable, and frustrating. […] If you experience signs of a throat attack, seek emergency medical help right away.

• #22 The symptom experience of hereditary angioedema (HAE) patients beyond HAE attacks: literature review and clinician interviews | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-022-02360-3

  One of the most prominent changes clinicians heard from patients being treated prophylactically with C1 INH inhibitors (such as Haegarda and Firazyr) or monoclonal antibodies (like Takhzyro) was that they still experienced symptoms associated with attack onsetbut now that they were on prophylactic treatment, these symptoms were not followed by an attack. […] The most frequently reported symptoms in both the literature review and clinical interviews included fatigue, rash, and abdominal symptoms. […] While swelling symptoms were reported before or during an attack, non-swelling symptoms were also reported before and after attacks, as well as in between attacks. […] The current PRO tools may not fully reflect the symptom experience of HAE patients across this continuum of symptoms in their everyday lives.

• #23 Angioedema Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/angioedema

  Angioedema is swelling that is similar to hives, but the swelling is under the skin instead of on the surface. […] The main symptom is sudden swelling below the skin surface. Welts or swelling on the surface of the skin can also develop. […] The swelling usually occurs around the eyes and lips. It may also be found on the hands, feet, and throat. The swelling may form a line or be more spread out. […] The welts are painful and may be itchy. This is known as hives (urticaria). They turn pale and swell if irritated. The deeper swelling of angioedema may also be painful. […] Other symptoms may include: Abdominal cramping, Breathing difficulty, Swollen eyes and mouth, Swollen lining of the eyes (chemosis). […] Angioedema that does not affect the breathing may be uncomfortable. It is usually harmless and goes away in a few days.

• #24 Angioedema Treatment & Management | LACK Allergy Clinic London

  https://www.londonallergy.com/care/symptoms/angioedema

  Allergic angioedema is a condition where deep swelling occurs in the skin and mucous membranes as part of an allergic reaction. Unlike surface-level hives, this swelling affects deeper tissue layers, most commonly appearing in the face, lips, eyes, and sometimes the tongue, throat, hands, feet, or genitals. About 7-8% of people will experience angioedema at some point in their lives. While usually manageable, it can occasionally affect breathing and require urgent medical attention. […] Allergic angioedema symptoms can vary in severity and presentation. Recognising these signs is important for appropriate management. […] Sudden swelling of the skin and mucous membranes […] Swelling that feels firm and „doughy” rather than soft […] Asymmetric swelling that can distort facial features

• #25 Angioedema Treatment & Management | LACK Allergy Clinic London

  https://www.londonallergy.com/care/symptoms/angioedema

  Episodes that typically last 24-72 hours […] Normal or slightly reddened skin over swollen areas […] Discomfort or pain at swelling sites […] Sensation of tightness or pressure […] Usually minimal or no itching (unlike hives) […] Burning sensation in some cases […] Hoarseness or change in voice […] Difficulty swallowing […] Throat tightness or sensation of choking […] Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (in severe cases).

• #26 Hives Symptoms & Signs | What do Hives Look Like?

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/angioedema/symptoms

  When swelling is around the eyes, vision may also be affected, and the eyes may be red and irritated (conjunctivitis). […] Intestinal swelling can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea and cramping. […] Throat swelling can result in difficulty breathing, speaking or swallowing. Angioedema of the throat also can be life-threatening and requires emergency care to ensure that the swelling does not close off the person’s airway. […] Angioedema usually lasts a matter of hours to days, but the length of time can vary from one person to the next and also from one episode to the next for a given person. Medications are sometimes a necessary treatment to stop the swelling and itching.

• #27 Angioedema – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/angioedema

  The main symptom is sudden swelling below the skin surface. Welts or swelling on the surface of the skin can also develop. […] The swelling usually occurs around the eyes and lips. It may also be found on the hands, feet, and throat. The swelling may form a line or be more spread out. […] The welts are painful and may be itchy. This is known as hives (urticaria). They turn pale and swell if irritated. The deeper swelling of angioedema may also be painful. […] Other symptoms may include: Abdominal cramping, Breathing difficulty, Swollen eyes and mouth, Swollen lining of the eyes (chemosis). […] Angioedema that does not affect the breathing may be uncomfortable. It is usually harmless and goes away in a few days.

• #28 Angioedema Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/angioedema

  Common symptoms of angioedema include: Red welts that suddenly appear, especially near the eyes and lips, but also on the hands, feet, and the inside of the throat. […] More rarely, hoarseness, a tight or swollen throat, or trouble breathing. […] If angioedema affects the throat, it can block the airway, which could be life-threatening. In rare cases, angioedema may develop into anaphylaxis, which requires emergency medical care to maintain breathing, blood pressure, and heart function, and to reverse the reaction. […] After an attack, it’s important to identify and avoid any triggers and to treat any underlying condition.

• #29 Hereditary angioedema: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001456.htm

  HAE can be life threatening and, despite new treatments, airway swelling can still lead to death. How well a person does depends on the specific symptoms. […] Swelling of the airways may be deadly. […] Swelling of the airway is a life-threatening emergency. If you are having difficulty breathing due to swelling, seek immediate medical attention.

• #30 Hereditary Angioedema: Early Warning Signs and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/hereditary-angioedema/early-warning-signs-and-symptoms

  Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease that causes repeated episodes of severe swelling of the skin, airway, and gastrointestinal system. […] Some people with HAE start noticing symptoms around puberty. If untreated, swelling attacks can increase. The timing, frequency, and severity of these attacks can be unpredictable and vary throughout a persons life. Medication can reduce the frequency of attacks and make them less severe. […] The most common symptom of HAE is swelling that starts with skin tightness and tingling. Then it progresses to extreme, painful swelling. If untreated, this swelling usually decreases over 1 to 3 days. […] Swelling in the GI tract makes up half of all HAE attacks. When the GI tract is affected during an HAE attack, it can lead to severe stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. […] Throat swelling is the most severe and dangerous symptom of HAE. About 50% of people with HAE have had at least one throat-swelling event. […] Symptoms of throat inflammation include change in voice quality or hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty breathing.

• #31 Angioedema Treatment & Management | LACK Allergy Clinic London

  https://www.londonallergy.com/care/symptoms/angioedema

  Episodes that typically last 24-72 hours […] Normal or slightly reddened skin over swollen areas […] Discomfort or pain at swelling sites […] Sensation of tightness or pressure […] Usually minimal or no itching (unlike hives) […] Burning sensation in some cases […] Hoarseness or change in voice […] Difficulty swallowing […] Throat tightness or sensation of choking […] Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (in severe cases).

• #32 Angioedema Treatment & Management | LACK Allergy Clinic London

  https://www.londonallergy.com/care/symptoms/angioedema

  Episodes that typically last 24-72 hours […] Normal or slightly reddened skin over swollen areas […] Discomfort or pain at swelling sites […] Sensation of tightness or pressure […] Usually minimal or no itching (unlike hives) […] Burning sensation in some cases […] Hoarseness or change in voice […] Difficulty swallowing […] Throat tightness or sensation of choking […] Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (in severe cases).

• #33 Angioedema Treatment & Management | LACK Allergy Clinic London

  https://www.londonallergy.com/care/symptoms/angioedema

  Episodes that typically last 24-72 hours […] Normal or slightly reddened skin over swollen areas […] Discomfort or pain at swelling sites […] Sensation of tightness or pressure […] Usually minimal or no itching (unlike hives) […] Burning sensation in some cases […] Hoarseness or change in voice […] Difficulty swallowing […] Throat tightness or sensation of choking […] Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (in severe cases).

• #34 Angioedema – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angioedema

  Angioedema is an area of swelling (edema) of the lower layer of skin and tissue just under the skin or mucous membranes. The swelling may occur in the face, tongue, larynx, abdomen, or arms and legs. Often it is associated with hives, which are swelling within the upper skin. Onset is typically over minutes to hours. […] The skin of the face, normally around the mouth, and the mucosa of the mouth and/or throat, as well as the tongue, swell over the period of minutes to hours. The swelling can also occur elsewhere, typically in the hands. The swelling can be itchy or painful. There may also be slightly decreased sensation in the affected areas due to compression of the nerves. Urticaria (hives) may develop simultaneously. […] In severe cases, stridor of the airway occurs, with gasping or wheezy inspiratory breath sounds and decreasing oxygen levels. Tracheal intubation is required in these situations to prevent respiratory arrest and risk of death.

• #35 Swelling out of the Blue – Angioedema in the ED — Taming the SRU

  https://www.tamingthesru.com/blog/clinical-treatments/angioedema

  Angioedema is like urticaria in that both are transient swelling of well-demarcated areas. However, angioedema involves swelling of deeper tissues, producing nonpitting edema of the dermis and subcutaneous layers. It is most often seen in the eyelids and lips, and sometimes in the mouth and throat. While it is not pruritic it may be painful. […] The incidence of post-tPA AE is anywhere from 0.4%-7.9% and it occurs within 5 minutes to 3 hours after administration. […] If the patients angioedema is not associated with urticaria then it doesnt meet the definition of anaphylaxis. The pathophysiology of this reaction does not involve the substantial releases of histamine, and the resultant swelling is nonpruritic and does not produce a rash. Other than swelling, chief complaints that may represent angioedema include dysphagia, dyspnea, change in voice, drooling, stridor, diarrhea, abdominal pain.

• #36 Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Symptoms and Presentation

  https://www.discoverhae.com/hcp/symptoms

  Hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks are usually unpredictable and can be life-threatening. HAE attacks typically cause swelling of the skin/subcutaneous tissues, gastrointestinal tract, and upper airway, including larynx and oropharynx, some of which may be painful and functionally disabling. Almost all patients experience recurrent abdominal pain related to HAE. […] HAE attacks typically affect the face, extremities, and genitals. […] According to a 2006 survey, in 50 out of 158 patients, 29% of facial edema attacks led to laryngeal edema at least once, which can be a life-threatening event. […] Attacks of the larynx can become fatal if left unmanaged. […] In the past, untreated laryngeal attacks resulted in mortality rates of up to 30%. […] In a survey of 209 patients, 50% experienced at least 1 episode of laryngeal angioedema symptoms during their lifetime.

• #37 Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Symptoms and Presentation

  https://www.discoverhae.com/hcp/symptoms

  Hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks are usually unpredictable and can be life-threatening. HAE attacks typically cause swelling of the skin/subcutaneous tissues, gastrointestinal tract, and upper airway, including larynx and oropharynx, some of which may be painful and functionally disabling. Almost all patients experience recurrent abdominal pain related to HAE. […] HAE attacks typically affect the face, extremities, and genitals. […] According to a 2006 survey, in 50 out of 158 patients, 29% of facial edema attacks led to laryngeal edema at least once, which can be a life-threatening event. […] Attacks of the larynx can become fatal if left unmanaged. […] In the past, untreated laryngeal attacks resulted in mortality rates of up to 30%. […] In a survey of 209 patients, 50% experienced at least 1 episode of laryngeal angioedema symptoms during their lifetime.

• #38 Symptoms of angioedema | Angioedema NewsEnvelope icon

  https://angioedemanews.com/angioedema-symptoms/

  When angioedema swelling occurs in the tongue, throat, or neck, it can obstruct the airways and make it harder for patients to breathe. This is considered the most serious complication of angioedema; it can be life-threatening and is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] In some cases, angioedema can affect the mucus membranes in and around the intestines, causing swelling in the gastrointestinal tract. This may manifest with symptoms including abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal distension (a swollen or bloated abdomen). […] Angioedema episodes affecting the gastrointestinal tract can be very painful. Yet, their unspecific symptoms make these swelling attacks difficult to diagnose, and patients may experience chronic debilitating angioedema symptoms and undergo unnecessary procedures for several years before receiving an appropriate diagnosis and angioedema medications.

• #39 Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Symptoms

  https://www.discoverhae.com/hereditary-angioedema-symptoms

  Swelling in the stomach area, or abdomen, is also common. HAE attacks in the abdomen can cause mild to severe pain and be accompanied by vomiting and/or diarrhea but can sometimes occur without apparent swelling. […] Swelling in the throat, or a laryngeal attack, happens less frequently than skin or abdominal attacks, but it is the most serious. Swelling in the throat can become life-threatening because it can lead to suffocation. If you have an attack affecting the throat, you should seek emergency care right away.

• #40 Hereditary Angioedema Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/135604-clinical

  Patients often report that episodes of swelling worsen over a period of 12-24 hours, usually with resolution within 72 hours. Symptoms can persist for up to 5 days, with migration of swelling to different sites. […] Nonpitting cutaneous swelling is the most commonly reported symptom, and it mainly affects the extremities, the genitalia, and the face. Patients first notice a tightness or tingling of the skin, followed by the development of angioedema that evolves over several hours. […] Acute abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting are the dominant symptoms in 25% of patients with HAE and are rarely seen in people with other forms of angioedema. […] Laryngeal edema is the most feared complication of HAE and can cause an immediate life-threatening emergency. […] Laryngeal edema may progress rapidly through mild discomfort to complete airway obstruction, usually over a period of hours. […] Less common presentations reflect edema at other sites. […] Episodes of severe headaches, visual disturbances (eg, blurred vision, diplopia), and ataxia have been reported.

• #41 Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Symptoms and Presentation

  https://www.discoverhae.com/hcp/symptoms

  An attack may present with mild to severe abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting and/or diarrhea. […] Gastrointestinal angioedema symptoms are often described as cramping or abdominal pain and may be the only sign of HAE for years before more visible swelling attacks present. […] The nonspecific nature of GI tract HAE attacks can be difficult to attribute to HAE, contributing to delays in diagnosis or misdiagnosis. […] All attacks, including hands and feet, should be treated early in order to avoid potential dysfunction. […] The severity and frequency of HAE attacks may be different for each patient, and past attacks do not predict the severity of future attacks. Untreated HAE attacks can grow in severity, may take longer to resolve—and in the case of laryngeal attacks can be fatal. […] HAE attacks can occur without warning. […] Develop swelling slower, over 12 to 36 hours, then plateau, and resolve, on average, over 2 to 5 days if left untreated. […] Do not respond to antihistamines, corticosteroids, or epinephrine.

• #42 Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Symptoms and Presentation

  https://www.discoverhae.com/hcp/symptoms

  An attack may present with mild to severe abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting and/or diarrhea. […] Gastrointestinal angioedema symptoms are often described as cramping or abdominal pain and may be the only sign of HAE for years before more visible swelling attacks present. […] The nonspecific nature of GI tract HAE attacks can be difficult to attribute to HAE, contributing to delays in diagnosis or misdiagnosis. […] All attacks, including hands and feet, should be treated early in order to avoid potential dysfunction. […] The severity and frequency of HAE attacks may be different for each patient, and past attacks do not predict the severity of future attacks. Untreated HAE attacks can grow in severity, may take longer to resolve—and in the case of laryngeal attacks can be fatal. […] HAE attacks can occur without warning. […] Develop swelling slower, over 12 to 36 hours, then plateau, and resolve, on average, over 2 to 5 days if left untreated. […] Do not respond to antihistamines, corticosteroids, or epinephrine.

• #43 Symptoms of angioedema | Angioedema NewsEnvelope icon

  https://angioedemanews.com/angioedema-symptoms/

  When angioedema swelling occurs in the tongue, throat, or neck, it can obstruct the airways and make it harder for patients to breathe. This is considered the most serious complication of angioedema; it can be life-threatening and is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] In some cases, angioedema can affect the mucus membranes in and around the intestines, causing swelling in the gastrointestinal tract. This may manifest with symptoms including abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal distension (a swollen or bloated abdomen). […] Angioedema episodes affecting the gastrointestinal tract can be very painful. Yet, their unspecific symptoms make these swelling attacks difficult to diagnose, and patients may experience chronic debilitating angioedema symptoms and undergo unnecessary procedures for several years before receiving an appropriate diagnosis and angioedema medications.

• #44 Angiodema: What It Is, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/angioedema-overview-83233

  Certain types of angioedema can be far more serious, particularly if they extend beyond the extremities, face, or trunk. Among the complications: Angioedema of the gastrointestinal tract can cause violent vomiting, severe pain in the midsection, and dehydration (due to the inability to keep fluids down). Angioedema of the lungs can cause wheezing, shortness of breath, and airway obstruction. Angioedema of the larynx (voice box) can lead to asphyxiation and death. […] Angioedema swelling can happen anywhere on the body, but most often affects the face (lips, eyes), tongue, throat, arms, and legs. Fluid builds and vessels dilate in the lower layer of tissue under the skin or mucous membranes. Angioedema can result from allergic or drug reactions, an infection, cancer, genetics, and stress events but sometimes no cause can be found. […] Angioedema symptoms can be severe or recurrent but are rarely life-threatening. Swelling can last for several hours to days. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include steroids, antihistamines, and the avoidance of known triggers.

• #45 Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Symptoms and Presentation

  https://www.discoverhae.com/hcp/symptoms

  An attack may present with mild to severe abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting and/or diarrhea. […] Gastrointestinal angioedema symptoms are often described as cramping or abdominal pain and may be the only sign of HAE for years before more visible swelling attacks present. […] The nonspecific nature of GI tract HAE attacks can be difficult to attribute to HAE, contributing to delays in diagnosis or misdiagnosis. […] All attacks, including hands and feet, should be treated early in order to avoid potential dysfunction. […] The severity and frequency of HAE attacks may be different for each patient, and past attacks do not predict the severity of future attacks. Untreated HAE attacks can grow in severity, may take longer to resolve—and in the case of laryngeal attacks can be fatal. […] HAE attacks can occur without warning. […] Develop swelling slower, over 12 to 36 hours, then plateau, and resolve, on average, over 2 to 5 days if left untreated. […] Do not respond to antihistamines, corticosteroids, or epinephrine.

• #46 Symptoms of angioedema | Angioedema NewsEnvelope icon

  https://angioedemanews.com/angioedema-symptoms/

  When angioedema swelling occurs in the tongue, throat, or neck, it can obstruct the airways and make it harder for patients to breathe. This is considered the most serious complication of angioedema; it can be life-threatening and is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. […] In some cases, angioedema can affect the mucus membranes in and around the intestines, causing swelling in the gastrointestinal tract. This may manifest with symptoms including abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal distension (a swollen or bloated abdomen). […] Angioedema episodes affecting the gastrointestinal tract can be very painful. Yet, their unspecific symptoms make these swelling attacks difficult to diagnose, and patients may experience chronic debilitating angioedema symptoms and undergo unnecessary procedures for several years before receiving an appropriate diagnosis and angioedema medications.

• #47 Hereditary angioedema: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-angioedema/

  Hereditary angioedema is a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe swelling (angioedema). The parts of the body that are most often affected by swelling are the limbs, face, intestinal tract, and airway. Minor trauma or stress may trigger an attack, but swelling often occurs without a known trigger. Episodes involving the intestinal tract cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Swelling in the airway can restrict breathing and lead to life-threatening obstruction of the airway. About one-third of people with this condition develop a non-itchy rash called erythema marginatum during an attack. […] Symptoms of hereditary angioedema typically begin in childhood and worsen during puberty. On average, untreated individuals have swelling episodes every 1 to 2 weeks, and most episodes last for about 3 to 4 days. The frequency and duration of attacks vary greatly among people with hereditary angioedema, even among people in the same family. […] The different types of hereditary angioedema have similar signs and symptoms.

• #48 What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Hereditary Angioedema?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/hereditary-angioedema/symptoms-signs/

  Hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks cause swelling in different parts of your body. […] These attacks are often painful, unpredictable, and disfiguring. They can interfere with your everyday life, and in some cases they can cause a medical emergency. […] Swelling is the common theme in all HAE episodes. But different parts of your body may be affected. Your signs and symptoms might depend on the type of attack you have. […] Subcutaneous attacks affect areas of the skin, usually on the face, hands, feet, or genitals. […] Your skin will swell and may turn red, but it usually doesn’t itch. […] Sometimes a skin attack causes temporary disfigurement. […] The swelling can make it hard to perform simple activities, such as walking or holding a pen. […] Abdominal attacks involve swelling in the intestinal wall that can lead to stomach pain.

• #49 Angioedema Treatment & Management | LACK Allergy Clinic London

  https://www.londonallergy.com/care/symptoms/angioedema

  Episodes that typically last 24-72 hours […] Normal or slightly reddened skin over swollen areas […] Discomfort or pain at swelling sites […] Sensation of tightness or pressure […] Usually minimal or no itching (unlike hives) […] Burning sensation in some cases […] Hoarseness or change in voice […] Difficulty swallowing […] Throat tightness or sensation of choking […] Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (in severe cases).

• #50 Angioedema – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/angioedema.html

  Skin swelling may be the only symptom. Swelling may be on one or both sides of the affected area. You may also have any of the following: […] Angioedema usually goes away within 3 days without treatment, but it may come back.

• #51 Symptoms of Angioedema

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/angioedema-signs-symptoms-and-complications-4163532

  Angioedema is swelling under the skin that often happens as an allergic reaction. Symptoms of angioedema include swelling of the eyes, lips, hands, feet, legs, or genitals. Other common angioedema symptoms include: Dizziness, Patchy welts, Rash, Redness, Upset stomach. Angioedema symptoms come on suddenly and range in severity but are rarely life-threatening. […] Symptoms of angioedema can appear alongside other allergy symptoms, such as hives. This may happen if the trigger is something you’re allergic to, such as food, medications, clothing, cosmetics, or an insect bite. In cases of allergy, angioedema progresses rapidly within a few hours and can resolve as quickly as it started, particularly if appropriate treatment is given. […] At other times, angioedema symptoms may begin without an identifiable reason. If you have hereditary angioedema, symptoms can occur spontaneously without a specific trigger, or they may occur in times of stress like during or after surgery or illness. In these cases, angioedema symptoms can develop more slowly over a couple of days.

• #52 Angioedema – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538489/

  Angioedema is non-pitting edema that involves subcutaneous and/or submucosal layers of tissue that affects the face, lips, neck, and extremities, oral cavity, larynx, and/or gut. It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx. […] Angioedema is defined as „subcutaneous tissues and/or submucosal tissues circumscribed non-pitting edema affecting lips, face, neck, and extremities oral cavity, larynx, and gut.” It becomes life-threatening when it involves the larynx, while intestinal angioedema is painful and mimics acute abdomen. […] Symptoms can involve different systems including skin (Urticaria, flushing, pruritus), Respiratory (bronchospasm), GI symptoms (abdominal pain and vomiting). Onset is within 60 minutes of allergen exposure and may last for one to two days. […] While comparing the bradykinin-mediated angioedema with histaminergic angioedema, the former has the following characteristics: It is not associated with urticaria, More severe and longer duration, Has associated abdominal symptoms.

• #53 Angioedema – Immune Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune-disorders/allergic-reactions-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorders/angioedema

  Angioedema is swelling of areas of tissue under the skin, sometimes affecting the face and throat. Angioedema may involve swelling in the face, throat, digestive tract, and airways. Angioedema can be acute or chronic. Acute angioedema develops suddenly after exposure to a trigger. Angioedema can be chronic, recurring over weeks or months. In angioedema, swelling may not be equal on both sides of the body, and it can be mildly painful. It can affect the back of the hands or feet, eyelids, tongue, face, lips, or genitals. Sometimes the membranes lining the mouth, throat, and airways swell, making swallowing or breathing difficult. Occasionally, the digestive tract is involved, resulting in nausea, vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, or diarrhea. People may have an anaphylactic reaction (a sudden, widespread, sometimes life-threatening allergic reaction). Blood pressure may become dangerously low (shock).

• #54 Hereditary Angioedema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/hereditary-angioedema

  Symptoms most often first show up in childhood and get worse during the teen years. Many people don’t know HAE is causing their swelling until they’re adults. […] The main symptom is swelling. You wont have the itching or hives that people often get with allergic reactions. A bout may last two to five days. […] Swelling in the throat is the most dangerous symptom. […] Puffiness in the feet and hands can be painful and make it hard to go about your daily life. […] Swelling in your belly can cause extreme pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. […] You may notice warning signs before swelling begins. These may include extreme fatigue, muscle aches, tingling, headache, belly pain, hoarseness, and mood changes. […] The frequency of attacks can vary. You can have attacks as often as every one to two weeks or one to two per year, and they can be hard to manage.

• #55 Hereditary Angioedema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/hereditary-angioedema

  Symptoms most often first show up in childhood and get worse during the teen years. Many people don’t know HAE is causing their swelling until they’re adults. […] The main symptom is swelling. You wont have the itching or hives that people often get with allergic reactions. A bout may last two to five days. […] Swelling in the throat is the most dangerous symptom. […] Puffiness in the feet and hands can be painful and make it hard to go about your daily life. […] Swelling in your belly can cause extreme pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. […] You may notice warning signs before swelling begins. These may include extreme fatigue, muscle aches, tingling, headache, belly pain, hoarseness, and mood changes. […] The frequency of attacks can vary. You can have attacks as often as every one to two weeks or one to two per year, and they can be hard to manage.

• #56 Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Symptoms and Presentation

  https://www.discoverhae.com/hcp/symptoms

  An attack may present with mild to severe abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting and/or diarrhea. […] Gastrointestinal angioedema symptoms are often described as cramping or abdominal pain and may be the only sign of HAE for years before more visible swelling attacks present. […] The nonspecific nature of GI tract HAE attacks can be difficult to attribute to HAE, contributing to delays in diagnosis or misdiagnosis. […] All attacks, including hands and feet, should be treated early in order to avoid potential dysfunction. […] The severity and frequency of HAE attacks may be different for each patient, and past attacks do not predict the severity of future attacks. Untreated HAE attacks can grow in severity, may take longer to resolve—and in the case of laryngeal attacks can be fatal. […] HAE attacks can occur without warning. […] Develop swelling slower, over 12 to 36 hours, then plateau, and resolve, on average, over 2 to 5 days if left untreated. […] Do not respond to antihistamines, corticosteroids, or epinephrine.

• #57 Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Symptoms and Presentation

  https://www.discoverhae.com/hcp/symptoms

  An attack may present with mild to severe abdominal pain accompanied by vomiting and/or diarrhea. […] Gastrointestinal angioedema symptoms are often described as cramping or abdominal pain and may be the only sign of HAE for years before more visible swelling attacks present. […] The nonspecific nature of GI tract HAE attacks can be difficult to attribute to HAE, contributing to delays in diagnosis or misdiagnosis. […] All attacks, including hands and feet, should be treated early in order to avoid potential dysfunction. […] The severity and frequency of HAE attacks may be different for each patient, and past attacks do not predict the severity of future attacks. Untreated HAE attacks can grow in severity, may take longer to resolve—and in the case of laryngeal attacks can be fatal. […] HAE attacks can occur without warning. […] Develop swelling slower, over 12 to 36 hours, then plateau, and resolve, on average, over 2 to 5 days if left untreated. […] Do not respond to antihistamines, corticosteroids, or epinephrine.

• #58 Angioedema – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angioedema

  In hereditary angioedema (HAE), often no direct cause is identifiable, although mild trauma, including dental work and other stimuli, can cause attacks. There is usually no associated itch or urticaria, as it is not an allergic response. Patients with HAE can also have recurrent episodes (often called „attacks”) of abdominal pain, usually accompanied by intense vomiting, weakness, and in some cases, watery diarrhea, and an unraised, nonitchy splotchy/swirly rash. These stomach attacks can last one to five days on average and can require hospitalization for aggressive pain management and hydration. […] Predicting where and when the next episode of edema will occur is impossible. Most patients have an average of one episode per month, but there are also patients who have weekly episodes or only one or two episodes per year. The triggers can vary and include infections, minor injuries, mechanical irritation, operations or stress. In most cases, edema develops over a period of 12-36 hours and then subsides within 2-5 days.

• #59 Hereditary Angioedema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/hereditary-angioedema

  Symptoms most often first show up in childhood and get worse during the teen years. Many people don’t know HAE is causing their swelling until they’re adults. […] The main symptom is swelling. You wont have the itching or hives that people often get with allergic reactions. A bout may last two to five days. […] Swelling in the throat is the most dangerous symptom. […] Puffiness in the feet and hands can be painful and make it hard to go about your daily life. […] Swelling in your belly can cause extreme pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. […] You may notice warning signs before swelling begins. These may include extreme fatigue, muscle aches, tingling, headache, belly pain, hoarseness, and mood changes. […] The frequency of attacks can vary. You can have attacks as often as every one to two weeks or one to two per year, and they can be hard to manage.

• #60 Symptoms and Triggers of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)

  https://www.cinryze.com/hereditary-angioedema-symptoms-triggers

  HAE symptoms can be very different from person to person. That means one person with HAE could experience symptoms with greater severity and frequency, or in different locations than someone else who also has HAE. Common symptoms include unexplained swelling in any part of the body, most often in the abdomen, face, feet, genitals, hands or throat. […] HAE symptoms can also change within the same person. For example, some women with HAE experience a shift in the frequency of their HAE attacks during various life stages, such as puberty, pregnancy or menopause. Patients with early-onset HAE tend to be more likely to suffer from a severe course of disease. […] Swelling in the throat can interfere with breathing, creating a potentially life-threatening situation. While laryngeal attacks occur less frequently than other types of attacks, they are the most serious. If you experience an HAE attack affecting your airway, seek emergency treatment as soon as possible. […] On average, an untreated patient will experience 2 to 4 attacks each month. […] In both children and adults, most HAE attacks occur without any warning. Yet some patients have been able to identify triggers that seem to set off their attacks.

• #61 ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ace-inhibitor-induced-angioedema

  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are the leading cause of drug-induced angioedema in the United States because they are so widely prescribed. Patients most commonly present with swelling of the lips, tongue, or face, although another presentation is episodic abdominal pain due to intestinal angioedema. Urticaria and itching are notably absent. […] ACE inhibitors induce angioedema in 0.1 to 0.7 percent of recipients, with data suggesting a persistent and relatively constant risk over time. The incidence of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema is up to five times greater in people of African descent. […] Angioedema is an asymmetric, nonpitting swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues that most commonly affects nondependent areas. There is an absence of itching or urticaria in ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema, and the presence of urticaria suggests a different group of etiologies.

• #62 ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ace-inhibitor-induced-angioedema

  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are the leading cause of drug-induced angioedema in the United States because they are so widely prescribed. Patients most commonly present with swelling of the lips, tongue, or face, although another presentation is episodic abdominal pain due to intestinal angioedema. Urticaria and itching are notably absent. […] ACE inhibitors induce angioedema in 0.1 to 0.7 percent of recipients, with data suggesting a persistent and relatively constant risk over time. The incidence of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema is up to five times greater in people of African descent. […] Angioedema is an asymmetric, nonpitting swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues that most commonly affects nondependent areas. There is an absence of itching or urticaria in ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema, and the presence of urticaria suggests a different group of etiologies.

• #63 ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ace-inhibitor-induced-angioedema

  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are the leading cause of drug-induced angioedema in the United States because they are so widely prescribed. Patients most commonly present with swelling of the lips, tongue, or face, although another presentation is episodic abdominal pain due to intestinal angioedema. Urticaria and itching are notably absent. […] ACE inhibitors induce angioedema in 0.1 to 0.7 percent of recipients, with data suggesting a persistent and relatively constant risk over time. The incidence of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema is up to five times greater in people of African descent. […] Angioedema is an asymmetric, nonpitting swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues that most commonly affects nondependent areas. There is an absence of itching or urticaria in ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema, and the presence of urticaria suggests a different group of etiologies.

• #64 Angioedema

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/ENT/Derm/Angdm.htm

  Non-pruritic, Firm Papules […] Associated with bradykinin mediated Angioedema […] Wheezing or Stridor […] Fever […] Lymphadenopathy […] Hypotension […] May occur with either Histamine-mediated or Bradykinin-Mediated Angioedema […] Abdominal tenderness with tense Abdomen and guarding (from bowel wall edema) […] Associated with bradykinin mediated Angioedema […] Reaction may occur months to years after ACE Inhibitor initiation […] ACE inhibitor Induced Angioedema is not an Allergic Reaction (unlike typical Angioedema) […] Related to bradykinin accumulation […] Does not respond to typical Angioedema management (e.g. Corticosteroids, Antihistamines) […] More common in african american patients by factor of 2 to 4 fold […] Reaction can occur months to years after starting an ACE Inhibitor

• #65 ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ace-inhibitor-induced-angioedema

  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are the leading cause of drug-induced angioedema in the United States because they are so widely prescribed. Patients most commonly present with swelling of the lips, tongue, or face, although another presentation is episodic abdominal pain due to intestinal angioedema. Urticaria and itching are notably absent. […] ACE inhibitors induce angioedema in 0.1 to 0.7 percent of recipients, with data suggesting a persistent and relatively constant risk over time. The incidence of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema is up to five times greater in people of African descent. […] Angioedema is an asymmetric, nonpitting swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues that most commonly affects nondependent areas. There is an absence of itching or urticaria in ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema, and the presence of urticaria suggests a different group of etiologies.

• #66 ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ace-inhibitor-induced-angioedema

  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are the leading cause of drug-induced angioedema in the United States because they are so widely prescribed. Patients most commonly present with swelling of the lips, tongue, or face, although another presentation is episodic abdominal pain due to intestinal angioedema. Urticaria and itching are notably absent. […] ACE inhibitors induce angioedema in 0.1 to 0.7 percent of recipients, with data suggesting a persistent and relatively constant risk over time. The incidence of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema is up to five times greater in people of African descent. […] Angioedema is an asymmetric, nonpitting swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues that most commonly affects nondependent areas. There is an absence of itching or urticaria in ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema, and the presence of urticaria suggests a different group of etiologies.

• #67 Idiopathic angioedema | Angioedema NewsEnvelope icon

  https://angioedemanews.com/idiopathic-angioedema/

  Similar to other types of angioedema, its hallmark symptom is swelling in the deeper layers of the skin or in mucus membranes, which most commonly occurs in the face, limbs, and extremities. […] The defining symptom of idiopathic angioedema is swelling. It commonly occurs in the face, hands, arms, legs, and trunk. In some cases, swelling around the mouth and throat can block the airways and compromise breathing. This is a medical emergency and patients should seek immediate treatment if it occurs. […] Idiopathic angioedema is typically considered a form of chronic angioedema, meaning patients will have multiple swelling attacks over time without any clear cause or trigger. This distinguishes idiopathic angioedema from forms of acute angioedema, where swelling does not recur spontaneously once it has been resolved.

• #68 Idiopathic angioedema | Angioedema NewsEnvelope icon

  https://angioedemanews.com/idiopathic-angioedema/

  People with idiopathic angioedema may also have itchy welts (urticaria, also known as hives), similar to those with chronic idiopathic urticaria—a condition marked by itchy hives without a clear cause, which can also be accompanied by angioedema. […] Idiopathic angioedema symptoms may also include issues that are sometimes observed in other types of angioedema, depending on which parts of the body are affected by swelling. For example, swelling around the digestive tract can lead to symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea.

• #69 Angio-oedema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/allergies/angio-oedema

  Typically, this causes recurring episodes. In most cases there are one or more episodes per month. These can occur for no apparent reason; however, episodes may be triggered by events such as: Stress. Injury. Infections. Minor operations and dental surgery. Exercise. Periods or pregnancy. Swellings commonly affect the hands or feet and are painless. There are no weals (hives) on the skin (urticaria). There may be involvement of the throat, tongue or airway, with some degree of wheezing or breathing difficulty. Tummy pain is common. Episodes last for 1-4 days. […] If your angio-oedema is due to a non-allergic reaction to a medicine, then the episodes of angio-oedema can get more severe if the medicine is not stopped. Idiopathic angio-oedema often has a waxing and waning course. The severity of each episode can vary. If you have chronic hives (urticaria) then treatment for this may help to prevent some episodes of angio-oedema. Hereditary angio-oedema can vary in severity.

• #70 Angio-oedema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/allergies/angio-oedema

  Typically, this causes recurring episodes. In most cases there are one or more episodes per month. These can occur for no apparent reason; however, episodes may be triggered by events such as: Stress. Injury. Infections. Minor operations and dental surgery. Exercise. Periods or pregnancy. Swellings commonly affect the hands or feet and are painless. There are no weals (hives) on the skin (urticaria). There may be involvement of the throat, tongue or airway, with some degree of wheezing or breathing difficulty. Tummy pain is common. Episodes last for 1-4 days. […] If your angio-oedema is due to a non-allergic reaction to a medicine, then the episodes of angio-oedema can get more severe if the medicine is not stopped. Idiopathic angio-oedema often has a waxing and waning course. The severity of each episode can vary. If you have chronic hives (urticaria) then treatment for this may help to prevent some episodes of angio-oedema. Hereditary angio-oedema can vary in severity.

• #71 Angioedema: Treatments, types, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/216095

  In severe cases, anaphylactic shock may occur, which can be life threatening. […] Emergency medical treatment is required if a person: suddenly develops symptoms of angioedema like an allergic reaction, has breathing problems that are sudden or worsening, feels faint or dizzy or collapses. […] The most serious complication of angioedema is swelling of the throat and airways, which may cause an inability to get adequate oxygen into the airways. […] However, severe angioedema of the throat and tongue can cause trouble breathing, which can be life threatening. This is an emergency and requires immediate medical attention. […] Angioedema is when swelling occurs on someones body beneath the skin. Symptoms typically last up to 3 days and go away on their own without treatment. […] If a person is experiencing trouble breathing or anaphylaxis, immediate medical attention is required.

• #72 Angioedema | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/angioedema

  Angioedema is swelling underneath the skin. It’s usually a reaction to a trigger, something you’re allergic to, or a reaction to medication. It can be life-threatening, causing difficulty breathing. […] The swelling most often affects the hands, feet, area around the eyes, lips and tongue, and genitals. Many people also have a raised, itchy rash called urticaria (hives). […] In more serious cases, angioedema can also cause difficulty breathing, tummy (abdominal) pain, dizziness, feeling sick, diarrhoea, and fainting. […] See your GP if you have episodes of swelling that affect your skin or lips and you’re not certain of the cause. […] Call 999 for an ambulance if you, or someone with you, has swelling and sudden or worsening breathing problems, feels faint or dizzy, or passes out or collapses. […] The swelling will usually get better by itself in a few days. There are treatments that can help it improve faster and reduce the risk of it happening again.

• #73 Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Symptoms

  https://www.firazyr.com/understanding-hae/hae-symptoms

  Hereditary angioedema (HAE) can cause attacks of swelling in any part of the body, but the most common locations include the skin (eg, face, hands, feet, genitals), stomach, and throat. Before an attack, some people with HAE experience early warning signs, also called prodromal symptoms, such as tingling, rash, fatigue, or nausea. […] Swelling of the skin usually affects the hands, feet, face, or genitals. […] Stomach attacks are the most commonly reported symptoms. […] Can cause mild to severe pain. […] May be accompanied by vomiting and/or diarrhea. […] Causes swelling in the throat, also called a laryngeal attack. […] Swelling in the throat can interfere with breathing, creating a potentially life-threatening situation.

• #74 Angioedema: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Types

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/angioedema-overview

  Angioedema is swelling beneath your skin. It can happen at many points on your body, including your: […] The swelling feels like large, thick, firm welts and can cause redness, pain, or warmth in the swollen areas. If its in your lower intestine, it can bring stomach pain. Angioedema can be dangerous if swelling is in your throat or tongue. That can make it hard to breathe. If this happens, you should get medical help right away. […] Allergic and drug-induced angioedema usually happen within an hour of exposure to your trigger. Hereditary and acquired types usually happen over many hours, but it can feel much faster if you wake up and suddenly discover swelling. […] Angioedema usually gets better on its own within a few days. If you do need treatment, it can include: […] For a serious attack, you may need a shot of epinephrine (a type of adrenaline). For repeated strong attacks, you may need to carry a pen-like device so you can inject yourself with epinephrine in an emergency.

• #75 Angioedema: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/135208-overview

  Severe attacks of angioedema can herald the onset of systemic anaphylaxis, characterized initially by dyspnea. Many cases of angioedema occur in patients with urticaria. […] Swelling that involves the tongue and upper airways is cause for greater concern than swelling involving other areas, owing to the potential of airway compromise. Laryngeal swelling is life-threatening and should be treated as a medical emergency. […] Although angioedema can manifest as an episodic or self-limiting event, it can often be described as recurrent or chronic. Thus, classification is not always straightforward. […] The prognosis for patients with angioedema depends on the etiology and varies as follows: Angioedema with identifiable causes If the trigger(s) can be identified and avoided, angioedema can be prevented; Angioedema without identifiable causes There is a tremendously variable clinical course, ranging from mild to severe and a few days to many years; the response to conventional treatment is less unpredictable; HAE Lifelong treatment is often required; AAE Outcome depends on the treatment of underlying lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorders.

• #76 US Hereditary Angioedema Association

  https://www.haea.org/pages/p/what_is_hae

  Hereditary Angioedema, or HAE, is a very rare and potentially life-threatening genetic condition that involves recurrent attacks of severe swelling (angioedema) in various parts of the body, including the hands, feet, genitals, stomach, face and/or throat. Swelling in the airway can restrict breathing and be fatal. Episodes may be triggered by physical trauma or emotional stress, however, swelling often occurs without a known trigger. Symptoms of HAE usually appear early in life, most often by age 13, and may increase in severity after puberty. Because HAE is so rare, it can take as long as a decade to obtain an accurate diagnosis after symptoms are first experienced. When untreated, an HAE attack often lasts for three days, sometimes even longer, and many people with HAE experience three or more swelling attacks per month. The frequency and severity of attacks vary significantly among individuals, even among affected family members.

• #77 Symptoms and Triggers of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)

  https://www.cinryze.com/hereditary-angioedema-symptoms-triggers

  HAE symptoms can be very different from person to person. That means one person with HAE could experience symptoms with greater severity and frequency, or in different locations than someone else who also has HAE. Common symptoms include unexplained swelling in any part of the body, most often in the abdomen, face, feet, genitals, hands or throat. […] HAE symptoms can also change within the same person. For example, some women with HAE experience a shift in the frequency of their HAE attacks during various life stages, such as puberty, pregnancy or menopause. Patients with early-onset HAE tend to be more likely to suffer from a severe course of disease. […] Swelling in the throat can interfere with breathing, creating a potentially life-threatening situation. While laryngeal attacks occur less frequently than other types of attacks, they are the most serious. If you experience an HAE attack affecting your airway, seek emergency treatment as soon as possible. […] On average, an untreated patient will experience 2 to 4 attacks each month. […] In both children and adults, most HAE attacks occur without any warning. Yet some patients have been able to identify triggers that seem to set off their attacks.

• #78 Angioedema – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/angioedema

  Symptoms are temporary in most people but can reappear due to infection, stress, or unknown reasons. […] The most common areas of the body affected by angioedema are the face, lips, tongue, throat, and genital areas. Swelling of other organs like the oesophagus (muscular tube that takes food to the stomach), abdomen (stomach area), or bowel can sometimes cause pain in the chest. Swelling can sometimes develop over and around joints which can be painful and last for many days. […] The swelling from angioedema usually resolves in a few days. Swelling lasting longer than this may be due to another cause and should be seen by a doctor. […] Angioedema does not cause damage to vital organs like the kidneys, liver, or lungs. It can be dangerous if it affects the throat or the tongue as swelling in these areas can cause difficulty breathing.

• #79 Angioedema: Treatments, types, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/216095

  In severe cases, anaphylactic shock may occur, which can be life threatening. […] Emergency medical treatment is required if a person: suddenly develops symptoms of angioedema like an allergic reaction, has breathing problems that are sudden or worsening, feels faint or dizzy or collapses. […] The most serious complication of angioedema is swelling of the throat and airways, which may cause an inability to get adequate oxygen into the airways. […] However, severe angioedema of the throat and tongue can cause trouble breathing, which can be life threatening. This is an emergency and requires immediate medical attention. […] Angioedema is when swelling occurs on someones body beneath the skin. Symptoms typically last up to 3 days and go away on their own without treatment. […] If a person is experiencing trouble breathing or anaphylaxis, immediate medical attention is required.

• #80 Angiodema: What It Is, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/angioedema-overview-83233

  Certain types of angioedema can be far more serious, particularly if they extend beyond the extremities, face, or trunk. Among the complications: Angioedema of the gastrointestinal tract can cause violent vomiting, severe pain in the midsection, and dehydration (due to the inability to keep fluids down). Angioedema of the lungs can cause wheezing, shortness of breath, and airway obstruction. Angioedema of the larynx (voice box) can lead to asphyxiation and death. […] Angioedema swelling can happen anywhere on the body, but most often affects the face (lips, eyes), tongue, throat, arms, and legs. Fluid builds and vessels dilate in the lower layer of tissue under the skin or mucous membranes. Angioedema can result from allergic or drug reactions, an infection, cancer, genetics, and stress events but sometimes no cause can be found. […] Angioedema symptoms can be severe or recurrent but are rarely life-threatening. Swelling can last for several hours to days. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include steroids, antihistamines, and the avoidance of known triggers.

• #81 Autoimmune angioedema – Autoimmune Association

  https://autoimmune.org/disease-information/autoimmune-angioedema/

  Acquired angioedema (AAE) is a rare disorder that causes recurrent episodes of swelling (edema) of the face or body, lasting several days. People with AAE may have swelling of the face, lips, tongue, limbs, or genitals. People with AAE can have edema of the lining of the digestive tract, which can cause abdominal pain and nausea, as well as edema of the upper airway, which can be life-threatening. […] The frequency of episodes is unpredictable and can vary widely. […] Treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms, the parts of the body affected, and the type of AAE a person has. Various medications may be used to relieve symptoms or prevent complications. When an underlying disease is present, episodes may stop if the underlying disease is treated, but some people continue to experience episodes despite treatment. […] During severe or life-threatening episodes, intensive support may be needed (such as IV fluids or intubation for a blocked airway).

• #82 Angioedema: Causes, Appearance and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/angioedema

  The prognosis of angioedema is dependent on the presentation, severity and the initiation of, and response to appropriate treatment. Mild symptoms often self-resolve within 72 hours. However, angioedema can be life-threatening, particularly after insect bites and stings, and in hereditary and ACE-inhibitor induced angioedema if there is airway involvement. This requires emergency assessment and intervention.

• #83 Angioedema: Causes, Appearance and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/angioedema

  The prognosis of angioedema is dependent on the presentation, severity and the initiation of, and response to appropriate treatment. Mild symptoms often self-resolve within 72 hours. However, angioedema can be life-threatening, particularly after insect bites and stings, and in hereditary and ACE-inhibitor induced angioedema if there is airway involvement. This requires emergency assessment and intervention.

• #84 Angioedema: Causes, Appearance and Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/angioedema

  The prognosis of angioedema is dependent on the presentation, severity and the initiation of, and response to appropriate treatment. Mild symptoms often self-resolve within 72 hours. However, angioedema can be life-threatening, particularly after insect bites and stings, and in hereditary and ACE-inhibitor induced angioedema if there is airway involvement. This requires emergency assessment and intervention.

• #85 Angio-oedema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/allergies-blood-immune/allergies/angio-oedema

  Typically, this causes recurring episodes. In most cases there are one or more episodes per month. These can occur for no apparent reason; however, episodes may be triggered by events such as: Stress. Injury. Infections. Minor operations and dental surgery. Exercise. Periods or pregnancy. Swellings commonly affect the hands or feet and are painless. There are no weals (hives) on the skin (urticaria). There may be involvement of the throat, tongue or airway, with some degree of wheezing or breathing difficulty. Tummy pain is common. Episodes last for 1-4 days. […] If your angio-oedema is due to a non-allergic reaction to a medicine, then the episodes of angio-oedema can get more severe if the medicine is not stopped. Idiopathic angio-oedema often has a waxing and waning course. The severity of each episode can vary. If you have chronic hives (urticaria) then treatment for this may help to prevent some episodes of angio-oedema. Hereditary angio-oedema can vary in severity.

• #86 Angioedema: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/135208-overview

  Severe attacks of angioedema can herald the onset of systemic anaphylaxis, characterized initially by dyspnea. Many cases of angioedema occur in patients with urticaria. […] Swelling that involves the tongue and upper airways is cause for greater concern than swelling involving other areas, owing to the potential of airway compromise. Laryngeal swelling is life-threatening and should be treated as a medical emergency. […] Although angioedema can manifest as an episodic or self-limiting event, it can often be described as recurrent or chronic. Thus, classification is not always straightforward. […] The prognosis for patients with angioedema depends on the etiology and varies as follows: Angioedema with identifiable causes If the trigger(s) can be identified and avoided, angioedema can be prevented; Angioedema without identifiable causes There is a tremendously variable clinical course, ranging from mild to severe and a few days to many years; the response to conventional treatment is less unpredictable; HAE Lifelong treatment is often required; AAE Outcome depends on the treatment of underlying lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorders.

• #87 Angioedema – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/angioedema

  Symptoms are temporary in most people but can reappear due to infection, stress, or unknown reasons. […] The most common areas of the body affected by angioedema are the face, lips, tongue, throat, and genital areas. Swelling of other organs like the oesophagus (muscular tube that takes food to the stomach), abdomen (stomach area), or bowel can sometimes cause pain in the chest. Swelling can sometimes develop over and around joints which can be painful and last for many days. […] The swelling from angioedema usually resolves in a few days. Swelling lasting longer than this may be due to another cause and should be seen by a doctor. […] Angioedema does not cause damage to vital organs like the kidneys, liver, or lungs. It can be dangerous if it affects the throat or the tongue as swelling in these areas can cause difficulty breathing.

• #88 Angioedema – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/angioedema

  The amount of time angioedema takes to resolve will depend on the cause. If the cause of the angioedema is found, then steps can be taken to fix the issue and the episodes of swelling should stop. An example of this would be stopping ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitor medications, which are known to cause angioedema. If no cause is found, there is no way to predict how long the swelling will last. It may stop after a few weeks or months, or it may continue for years.

Zobacz więcej