Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499961/

  The prognosis of benign hypotension is generally very good. In contrast, symptomatic hypotension has a variable prognosis that depends on the etiology and severity. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying etiology can improve outcomes. […] Untreated hypotension can result in inadequate perfusion of vital organs, leading to end-organ damage and, if left unaddressed, potentially death. Therefore, treatment must focus on identifying and managing the underlying cause to prevent these serious complications. Possible complications of untreated hypotension include decreased responsiveness, acute renal failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, bowel ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents, respiratory failure, coma, and ultimately death. Prompt intervention is crucial to mitigate these risks and preserve organ function.

• #2 Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499961/

  The prognosis of benign hypotension is generally very good. In contrast, symptomatic hypotension has a variable prognosis that depends on the etiology and severity. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying etiology can improve outcomes. […] Untreated hypotension can result in inadequate perfusion of vital organs, leading to end-organ damage and, if left unaddressed, potentially death. Therefore, treatment must focus on identifying and managing the underlying cause to prevent these serious complications. Possible complications of untreated hypotension include decreased responsiveness, acute renal failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, bowel ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents, respiratory failure, coma, and ultimately death. Prompt intervention is crucial to mitigate these risks and preserve organ function.

• #3 Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21156-low-blood-pressure-hypotension

  If you have hypotension, what you can expect depends on what causes it and if you have symptoms. If you dont have symptoms, its unlikely that hypotension will be a problem for you. […] If you have symptoms, hypotension can interfere with your ability to stand up, care for yourself, cook, drive and do many other activities. Thats why understanding low blood pressure and following a healthcare providers guidance are so important to minimizing this conditions impact on your life. […] If you have low blood pressure but dont have symptoms, this condition usually isnt harmful and shouldnt impact your life. […] If you do have symptoms, the underlying cause is usually what determines the outlook for this condition. Your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you what to expect from this condition and what you can do to manage those effects.

• #4 Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21156-low-blood-pressure-hypotension

  If you have hypotension, what you can expect depends on what causes it and if you have symptoms. If you dont have symptoms, its unlikely that hypotension will be a problem for you. […] If you have symptoms, hypotension can interfere with your ability to stand up, care for yourself, cook, drive and do many other activities. Thats why understanding low blood pressure and following a healthcare providers guidance are so important to minimizing this conditions impact on your life. […] If you have low blood pressure but dont have symptoms, this condition usually isnt harmful and shouldnt impact your life. […] If you do have symptoms, the underlying cause is usually what determines the outlook for this condition. Your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you what to expect from this condition and what you can do to manage those effects.

• #5 Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499961/

  The prognosis of benign hypotension is generally very good. In contrast, symptomatic hypotension has a variable prognosis that depends on the etiology and severity. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying etiology can improve outcomes. […] Untreated hypotension can result in inadequate perfusion of vital organs, leading to end-organ damage and, if left unaddressed, potentially death. Therefore, treatment must focus on identifying and managing the underlying cause to prevent these serious complications. Possible complications of untreated hypotension include decreased responsiveness, acute renal failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, bowel ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents, respiratory failure, coma, and ultimately death. Prompt intervention is crucial to mitigate these risks and preserve organ function.

• #6 Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499961/

  The prognosis of benign hypotension is generally very good. In contrast, symptomatic hypotension has a variable prognosis that depends on the etiology and severity. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying etiology can improve outcomes. […] Untreated hypotension can result in inadequate perfusion of vital organs, leading to end-organ damage and, if left unaddressed, potentially death. Therefore, treatment must focus on identifying and managing the underlying cause to prevent these serious complications. Possible complications of untreated hypotension include decreased responsiveness, acute renal failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, bowel ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents, respiratory failure, coma, and ultimately death. Prompt intervention is crucial to mitigate these risks and preserve organ function.

• #7 Hypotension Risk Prediction via Sequential Contrast Patterns of ICU Blood Pressure

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5219944/

  Acute hypotension is a significant risk factor for in-hospital mortality at intensive care units (ICUs). Prolonged hypotension can cause tissue hypoperfusion, leading to cellular dysfunction and severe injuries to multiple organs. […] The effectiveness of medical outcomes is generally assessed by the risk of mortality and also involves the costs of treatment. For critical care patients, these factors tend to rise with time. Thus, the effectiveness of individual medical outcomes is strongly dependent on well-informed patient interventions. […] Numerous studies report that hypotension could lead to critical events like acute kidney injury, severe sepsis, acute coronary syndrome and shock. […] To enable prompt interventions, it is therefore important to predict an AHE ahead of time. Predicting an AHE can be formulated as a problem of classification of an admitted patients mean arterial pressure into a hypotensive or normotensive regime.

• #8

  https://journals.lww.com/ijaweb/fulltext/2024/11000/hypotension_prediction_index_for_minimising.3.aspx?context=latestarticles

  Reports on the utility of the hypotension prediction index (HPI) in reducing the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension are conflicting. […] The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the overall effect of using HPI on intraoperative hypotension outcomes of time-weighted average (TWA), area under the hypotension threshold (AUHT), incidence and duration of hypotension. […] Available evidence supports the role of HPI in minimising hypotension outcomes during surgery. The certainty of evidence is low to moderate for studied outcomes. […] Intraoperative hypotension is a common but important complication during surgery. It is estimated that up to 87% of patients manifest with at least one episode of hypotension (mean arterial pressure less than 65 mmHg) during surgery.

• #9 AcumenTM hypotension prediction index guidance for prevention and treatment of hypotension in noncardiac surgery: a prospective, single-arm, multicenter trial | Perioperative Medicine | Full Text

  https://perioperativemedicinejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13741-024-00369-9

  Intraoperative hypotension is common during noncardiac surgery and is associated with postoperative myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, stroke, and severe infection. The Hypotension Prediction Index software is an algorithm based on arterial waveform analysis that alerts clinicians of the patients likelihood of experiencing a future hypotensive event, defined as mean arterial pressure 65 mmHg for at least 1 min. […] The use of prediction software for blood pressure management was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in the duration of intraoperative hypotension. Further studies must investigate whether predictive algorithms to prevent hypotension can reduce adverse outcomes. […] The goal of predictive technology is to warn clinicians and prevent untoward events by timely intervention. We report that the use of the hypotension prediction algorithm was associated with a 35% reduction in the duration of intraoperative hypotension versus comparison patients in a propensity-weighed model.

• #10 AcumenTM hypotension prediction index guidance for prevention and treatment of hypotension in noncardiac surgery: a prospective, single-arm, multicenter trial | Perioperative Medicine | Full Text

  https://perioperativemedicinejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13741-024-00369-9

  Intraoperative hypotension is common during noncardiac surgery and is associated with postoperative myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, stroke, and severe infection. The Hypotension Prediction Index software is an algorithm based on arterial waveform analysis that alerts clinicians of the patients likelihood of experiencing a future hypotensive event, defined as mean arterial pressure 65 mmHg for at least 1 min. […] The use of prediction software for blood pressure management was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in the duration of intraoperative hypotension. Further studies must investigate whether predictive algorithms to prevent hypotension can reduce adverse outcomes. […] The goal of predictive technology is to warn clinicians and prevent untoward events by timely intervention. We report that the use of the hypotension prediction algorithm was associated with a 35% reduction in the duration of intraoperative hypotension versus comparison patients in a propensity-weighed model.

• #11

  https://journals.lww.com/ijaweb/fulltext/2024/11000/hypotension_prediction_index_for_minimising.3.aspx

  Reports on the utility of the hypotension prediction index (HPI) in reducing the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension are conflicting. […] Available evidence supports the role of HPI in minimising hypotension outcomes during surgery. […] Intraoperative hypotension is a common but important complication during surgery. […] Preventing the occurrence and promptly correcting the intraoperative hypotension is critical to improving perioperative outcomes in surgical patients. […] The hypotension prediction index (HPI) tool has been validated and has high sensitivity and specificity. […] Since its commercial availability, HPI has been used in different surgical procedures to prevent intraoperative hypotension. […] A systematic review was necessary to provide a definitive answer and inform the overall evidence to guide anaesthesiologists regarding its utility.

• #12 AcumenTM hypotension prediction index guidance for prevention and treatment of hypotension in noncardiac surgery: a prospective, single-arm, multicenter trial | Perioperative Medicine | Full Text

  https://perioperativemedicinejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13741-024-00369-9

  Intraoperative hypotension is common during noncardiac surgery and is associated with postoperative myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, stroke, and severe infection. The Hypotension Prediction Index software is an algorithm based on arterial waveform analysis that alerts clinicians of the patients likelihood of experiencing a future hypotensive event, defined as mean arterial pressure 65 mmHg for at least 1 min. […] The use of prediction software for blood pressure management was associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in the duration of intraoperative hypotension. Further studies must investigate whether predictive algorithms to prevent hypotension can reduce adverse outcomes. […] The goal of predictive technology is to warn clinicians and prevent untoward events by timely intervention. We report that the use of the hypotension prediction algorithm was associated with a 35% reduction in the duration of intraoperative hypotension versus comparison patients in a propensity-weighed model.

• #13

  https://journals.lww.com/ijaweb/fulltext/2024/11000/hypotension_prediction_index_for_minimising.3.aspx

  Our primary objectives were to evaluate the time-weighted average (TWA) and area under the hypotension threshold (AUHT). Our secondary objective was to assess the incidence and duration of hypotension. […] The hypotension duration was also significantly lower in the HPI group (n = 305) versus the control group (n = 308) (MD = -12.07 min, 95% CI: -17.49, -6.66, P 0.001). […] The hypotension duration as a percentage of surgery time was significantly lesser in the HPI group (n = 183) compared to the control group (n = 183) (MD = -6.30%, 95% CI: -10.23, -2.38, P = 0.002). […] The certainty of evidence on GRADE assessment was low for TWA of hypotension during surgery, total hypotension duration and AUHT. In contrast, it was moderate for hypotension duration as a percentage of total surgery duration and the incidence of hypotension.

• #14

  https://journals.lww.com/ijaweb/fulltext/2024/11000/hypotension_prediction_index_for_minimising.3.aspx?context=latestarticles

  Preventing the occurrence and promptly correcting the intraoperative hypotension is critical to improving perioperative outcomes in surgical patients. […] The hypotension duration was also significantly lower in the HPI group (n = 305) versus the control group (n = 308) (MD = -12.07 min, 95% CI: -17.49, -6.66, P 0.001). […] The hypotension duration as a percentage of surgery time was significantly lesser in the HPI group (n = 183) compared to the control group (n = 183) (MD = -6.30%, 95% CI: -10.23, -2.38, P = 0.002). […] The certainty of evidence on GRADE assessment was low for TWA of hypotension during surgery, total hypotension duration and AUHT. In contrast, it was moderate for hypotension duration as a percentage of total surgery duration and the incidence of hypotension. […] Our systematic review demonstrates that HPI reduces adverse intraoperative hypotension outcomes in patients undergoing various non-cardiac surgeries using the machine learning-based hypotension prediction algorithm. However, the certainty of evidence on GRADE assessment is low to moderate for the outcomes studied, and TSA suggests the requirement of more RCTs to confirm the benefits of HPI in reducing intraoperative hypotension.

• #15

  https://journals.lww.com/ijaweb/fulltext/2024/11000/hypotension_prediction_index_for_minimising.3.aspx

  Our primary objectives were to evaluate the time-weighted average (TWA) and area under the hypotension threshold (AUHT). Our secondary objective was to assess the incidence and duration of hypotension. […] The hypotension duration was also significantly lower in the HPI group (n = 305) versus the control group (n = 308) (MD = -12.07 min, 95% CI: -17.49, -6.66, P 0.001). […] The hypotension duration as a percentage of surgery time was significantly lesser in the HPI group (n = 183) compared to the control group (n = 183) (MD = -6.30%, 95% CI: -10.23, -2.38, P = 0.002). […] The certainty of evidence on GRADE assessment was low for TWA of hypotension during surgery, total hypotension duration and AUHT. In contrast, it was moderate for hypotension duration as a percentage of total surgery duration and the incidence of hypotension.

• #16

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10877-023-01097-z

  Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is associated with adverse outcomes. […] The use of HPI-software has been shown to achieve a reduction in IOH in multiple settings. […] In the HPI cohort, IOH was significantly reduced compared to baseline, therefore HPI-software may help prevent IOH. […] No difference was found in the incidence of IOH between cohorts. […] The number of hypotensive events per surgery was significantly lower in the HPI cohort compared to both the baseline and education cohort. […] The TWA of MAP65 mmHg in the HPI cohort was significantly lower than the baseline and education cohort. […] Clinicians believed that they had sufficient knowledge and skills to treat IOH adequately could explain why an educational intervention and asking clinicians to keep the MAP65 mmHg was not associated with a reduction in IOH.

• #17

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10877-023-01097-z

  In contrast the HPI cohort showed less hypotensive events and a lower TWA of hypotension compared to both other groups. […] Despite the strong associative evidence between IOH and adverse outcomes, a clear causal relationship has not been established yet. […] In the HPI cohort, the number of hypotensive events, duration and TWA of IOH were reduced compared to baseline.

• #18

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00134-023-07304-4

  The aim of this study is to provide a summary of the existing literature on the association between hypotension during intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mortality and morbidity, and to assess whether there is an exposure-severity relationship between hypotension exposure and patient outcomes. […] Exposure to hypotension during ICU stay was associated with increased mortality and AKI in the majority of included studies, and associations for both outcomes increased with increasing hypotension severity. […] In conclusion, exposure to hypotension during ICU stay was associated with an increase in mortality. The majority of included studies additionally reported associations between hypotension exposure and acute kidney injury. Furthermore, the associations for both outcomes increased with increasing hypotension severity in studies comparing multiple levels of hypotension exposure.

• #19 Hypotension Risk Prediction via Sequential Contrast Patterns of ICU Blood Pressure

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5219944/

  Acute hypotension is a significant risk factor for in-hospital mortality at intensive care units (ICUs). Prolonged hypotension can cause tissue hypoperfusion, leading to cellular dysfunction and severe injuries to multiple organs. […] The effectiveness of medical outcomes is generally assessed by the risk of mortality and also involves the costs of treatment. For critical care patients, these factors tend to rise with time. Thus, the effectiveness of individual medical outcomes is strongly dependent on well-informed patient interventions. […] Numerous studies report that hypotension could lead to critical events like acute kidney injury, severe sepsis, acute coronary syndrome and shock. […] To enable prompt interventions, it is therefore important to predict an AHE ahead of time. Predicting an AHE can be formulated as a problem of classification of an admitted patients mean arterial pressure into a hypotensive or normotensive regime.

• #20 Hypotension Risk Prediction via Sequential Contrast Patterns of ICU Blood Pressure

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5219944/

  Acute hypotension is a significant risk factor for in-hospital mortality at intensive care units (ICUs). Prolonged hypotension can cause tissue hypoperfusion, leading to cellular dysfunction and severe injuries to multiple organs. […] The effectiveness of medical outcomes is generally assessed by the risk of mortality and also involves the costs of treatment. For critical care patients, these factors tend to rise with time. Thus, the effectiveness of individual medical outcomes is strongly dependent on well-informed patient interventions. […] Numerous studies report that hypotension could lead to critical events like acute kidney injury, severe sepsis, acute coronary syndrome and shock. […] To enable prompt interventions, it is therefore important to predict an AHE ahead of time. Predicting an AHE can be formulated as a problem of classification of an admitted patients mean arterial pressure into a hypotensive or normotensive regime.

• #21 Hypotension Risk Prediction via Sequential Contrast Patterns of ICU Blood Pressure

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5219944/

  Acute hypotension is a significant risk factor for in-hospital mortality at intensive care units (ICUs). Prolonged hypotension can cause tissue hypoperfusion, leading to cellular dysfunction and severe injuries to multiple organs. […] The effectiveness of medical outcomes is generally assessed by the risk of mortality and also involves the costs of treatment. For critical care patients, these factors tend to rise with time. Thus, the effectiveness of individual medical outcomes is strongly dependent on well-informed patient interventions. […] Numerous studies report that hypotension could lead to critical events like acute kidney injury, severe sepsis, acute coronary syndrome and shock. […] To enable prompt interventions, it is therefore important to predict an AHE ahead of time. Predicting an AHE can be formulated as a problem of classification of an admitted patients mean arterial pressure into a hypotensive or normotensive regime.

• #22 Hypotension Risk Prediction via Sequential Contrast Patterns of ICU Blood Pressure

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5219944/

  The current study investigated the application of a novel sequential contrast pattern mining methodology for predicting acute hypotensive episodes in an ICU. […] A higher frequency of the occurrence of complex contrast sequences while comparing hypotensive and normotensive patient groups may be beneficial to a clinician to develop a clinical hypothesis relating to a succession of clinical events leading to an AHE. […] Extracting sequential patterns from hypotensive patient groups can inform medical decision-making towards the diagnosis and investigation of AHEs.

• #23 Hypotension Risk Prediction via Sequential Contrast Patterns of ICU Blood Pressure

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5219944/

  The current study investigated the application of a novel sequential contrast pattern mining methodology for predicting acute hypotensive episodes in an ICU. […] A higher frequency of the occurrence of complex contrast sequences while comparing hypotensive and normotensive patient groups may be beneficial to a clinician to develop a clinical hypothesis relating to a succession of clinical events leading to an AHE. […] Extracting sequential patterns from hypotensive patient groups can inform medical decision-making towards the diagnosis and investigation of AHEs.

• #24

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10877-023-01097-z

  In contrast the HPI cohort showed less hypotensive events and a lower TWA of hypotension compared to both other groups. […] Despite the strong associative evidence between IOH and adverse outcomes, a clear causal relationship has not been established yet. […] In the HPI cohort, the number of hypotensive events, duration and TWA of IOH were reduced compared to baseline.

• #25 AcumenTM hypotension prediction index guidance for prevention and treatment of hypotension in noncardiac surgery: a prospective, single-arm, multicenter trial | Perioperative Medicine | Full Text

  https://perioperativemedicinejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13741-024-00369-9

  Despite the limitations, this analysis is a valuable addition to the literature on the use of predictive algorithms to guide hemodynamic monitoring and prevention of intraoperative hypotension. It is the first multicenter study of this predictive algorithm with the largest sample size and adds to the existing single-center trials. Additionally, while the post hoc design cannot provide as strong a causal relationship as a randomized control trial, the observational design with propensity-score weighted models is a rigorous method for estimating impacts in situations when a randomized trial is not possible for ethical, practical, or financial reasons. […] Trials are also needed to more rigorously determine whether the use of predictive algorithms to prevent hypotension can reduce organ system damage and other complications, such as AKI, myocardial injury, postoperative delirium, and mortality.

• #26

  https://journals.lww.com/ijaweb/fulltext/2024/11000/hypotension_prediction_index_for_minimising.3.aspx

  Our systematic review demonstrates that HPI reduces adverse intraoperative hypotension outcomes in patients undergoing various non-cardiac surgeries using the machine learning-based hypotension prediction algorithm. However, the certainty of evidence on GRADE assessment is low to moderate for the outcomes studied, and TSA suggests the requirement of more RCTs to confirm the benefits of HPI in reducing intraoperative hypotension.

• #27

  https://journals.lww.com/ijaweb/fulltext/2024/11000/hypotension_prediction_index_for_minimising.3.aspx?context=latestarticles

  Preventing the occurrence and promptly correcting the intraoperative hypotension is critical to improving perioperative outcomes in surgical patients. […] The hypotension duration was also significantly lower in the HPI group (n = 305) versus the control group (n = 308) (MD = -12.07 min, 95% CI: -17.49, -6.66, P 0.001). […] The hypotension duration as a percentage of surgery time was significantly lesser in the HPI group (n = 183) compared to the control group (n = 183) (MD = -6.30%, 95% CI: -10.23, -2.38, P = 0.002). […] The certainty of evidence on GRADE assessment was low for TWA of hypotension during surgery, total hypotension duration and AUHT. In contrast, it was moderate for hypotension duration as a percentage of total surgery duration and the incidence of hypotension. […] Our systematic review demonstrates that HPI reduces adverse intraoperative hypotension outcomes in patients undergoing various non-cardiac surgeries using the machine learning-based hypotension prediction algorithm. However, the certainty of evidence on GRADE assessment is low to moderate for the outcomes studied, and TSA suggests the requirement of more RCTs to confirm the benefits of HPI in reducing intraoperative hypotension.

• #28 Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21156-low-blood-pressure-hypotension

  If you have hypotension, what you can expect depends on what causes it and if you have symptoms. If you dont have symptoms, its unlikely that hypotension will be a problem for you. […] If you have symptoms, hypotension can interfere with your ability to stand up, care for yourself, cook, drive and do many other activities. Thats why understanding low blood pressure and following a healthcare providers guidance are so important to minimizing this conditions impact on your life. […] If you have low blood pressure but dont have symptoms, this condition usually isnt harmful and shouldnt impact your life. […] If you do have symptoms, the underlying cause is usually what determines the outlook for this condition. Your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you what to expect from this condition and what you can do to manage those effects.

• #29 Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21156-low-blood-pressure-hypotension

  If you have hypotension, what you can expect depends on what causes it and if you have symptoms. If you dont have symptoms, its unlikely that hypotension will be a problem for you. […] If you have symptoms, hypotension can interfere with your ability to stand up, care for yourself, cook, drive and do many other activities. Thats why understanding low blood pressure and following a healthcare providers guidance are so important to minimizing this conditions impact on your life. […] If you have low blood pressure but dont have symptoms, this condition usually isnt harmful and shouldnt impact your life. […] If you do have symptoms, the underlying cause is usually what determines the outlook for this condition. Your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you what to expect from this condition and what you can do to manage those effects.

• #30 Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499961/

  The prognosis of benign hypotension is generally very good. In contrast, symptomatic hypotension has a variable prognosis that depends on the etiology and severity. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying etiology can improve outcomes. […] Untreated hypotension can result in inadequate perfusion of vital organs, leading to end-organ damage and, if left unaddressed, potentially death. Therefore, treatment must focus on identifying and managing the underlying cause to prevent these serious complications. Possible complications of untreated hypotension include decreased responsiveness, acute renal failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, bowel ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents, respiratory failure, coma, and ultimately death. Prompt intervention is crucial to mitigate these risks and preserve organ function.

• #31

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00134-023-07304-4

  The aim of this study is to provide a summary of the existing literature on the association between hypotension during intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mortality and morbidity, and to assess whether there is an exposure-severity relationship between hypotension exposure and patient outcomes. […] Exposure to hypotension during ICU stay was associated with increased mortality and AKI in the majority of included studies, and associations for both outcomes increased with increasing hypotension severity. […] In conclusion, exposure to hypotension during ICU stay was associated with an increase in mortality. The majority of included studies additionally reported associations between hypotension exposure and acute kidney injury. Furthermore, the associations for both outcomes increased with increasing hypotension severity in studies comparing multiple levels of hypotension exposure.

• #32 Hypotension – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499961/

  The prognosis of benign hypotension is generally very good. In contrast, symptomatic hypotension has a variable prognosis that depends on the etiology and severity. Early recognition and treatment of the underlying etiology can improve outcomes. […] Untreated hypotension can result in inadequate perfusion of vital organs, leading to end-organ damage and, if left unaddressed, potentially death. Therefore, treatment must focus on identifying and managing the underlying cause to prevent these serious complications. Possible complications of untreated hypotension include decreased responsiveness, acute renal failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, bowel ischemia, cerebrovascular accidents, respiratory failure, coma, and ultimately death. Prompt intervention is crucial to mitigate these risks and preserve organ function.

• #33 Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21156-low-blood-pressure-hypotension

  If you have hypotension, what you can expect depends on what causes it and if you have symptoms. If you dont have symptoms, its unlikely that hypotension will be a problem for you. […] If you have symptoms, hypotension can interfere with your ability to stand up, care for yourself, cook, drive and do many other activities. Thats why understanding low blood pressure and following a healthcare providers guidance are so important to minimizing this conditions impact on your life. […] If you have low blood pressure but dont have symptoms, this condition usually isnt harmful and shouldnt impact your life. […] If you do have symptoms, the underlying cause is usually what determines the outlook for this condition. Your healthcare provider is the best person to tell you what to expect from this condition and what you can do to manage those effects.

• #34

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00134-023-07304-4

  The aim of this study is to provide a summary of the existing literature on the association between hypotension during intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mortality and morbidity, and to assess whether there is an exposure-severity relationship between hypotension exposure and patient outcomes. […] Exposure to hypotension during ICU stay was associated with increased mortality and AKI in the majority of included studies, and associations for both outcomes increased with increasing hypotension severity. […] In conclusion, exposure to hypotension during ICU stay was associated with an increase in mortality. The majority of included studies additionally reported associations between hypotension exposure and acute kidney injury. Furthermore, the associations for both outcomes increased with increasing hypotension severity in studies comparing multiple levels of hypotension exposure.

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