Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a buildup of excessive fat in the liver that can lead to liver damage resembling the damage caused by alcohol abuse, but that occurs in people who do not drink heavily. […] The fat deposits in the liver associated with NAFLD usually cause no symptoms, although they may cause increased levels of liver enzymes that are detected in routine blood tests. Some affected individuals have abdominal pain or fatigue. During a physical examination, the liver may be found to be slightly enlarged. […] Between 7 and 30 percent of people with NAFLD develop inflammation of the liver (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, also known as NASH), leading to liver damage. […] Signs and symptoms of cirrhosis, which get worse as fibrosis affects more of the liver, include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, swelling (edema), and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice).

• #2 NASH Definition & Progression

  https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/fatty-liver-disease/nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash/nash-definition-prevalence/

  NAFLD is a general term for a range of conditions characterized by extra fat in liver cells that is not caused by alcohol. […] In this form of NAFLD you have fat in your liver, but little or no inflammation of the liver or damage to liver cells. […] This is the more severe form of NAFLD in which you have hepatitis meaning swelling or inflammation of the liver and liver cell damage, in addition to fat in your liver. […] Fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, where hard scar tissue replaces an increasingly larger amount of soft healthy liver tissue. Cirrhosis from NASH typically takes years of damage to develop. […] NAFLD is the most common chronic liver condition in the United States. Its estimated that about 25 percent of adults in the U.S. have NAFLD. Of those with NAFLD, about 20 percent have NASH (5% of adults in the U.S.). Most people with NAFLD have simply fatty liver.

• #3 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, often called NAFLD, is a liver problem that affects people who drink little to no alcohol. In NAFLD, too much fat builds up in the liver. It is seen most often in people who are overweight or obese. […] NAFLD often has no symptoms. When it does, they may include: Fatigue. Not feeling well, or malaise. Pain or discomfort in the upper right belly area. […] Possible symptoms of NASH and cirrhosis, or severe scarring, include: Itchy skin. Abdominal swelling, also called ascites (uh-SY-teez). Shortness of breath. Swelling of the legs. Spider-like blood vessels just beneath the skin’s surface. Enlarged spleen. Red palms. Yellowing of the skin and eyes, or jaundice. […] Severe liver scarring, or cirrhosis, is the main complication of NAFLD and NASH. Cirrhosis happens because of liver injury, such as the damage caused by inflammation in NASH. As the liver tries to stop inflammation, it creates areas of scarring, also called fibrosis. With ongoing inflammation, fibrosis spreads and takes up more liver tissue.

• #4 Nonalcoholic fatty liver: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/312536

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is when too much fat builds up in the liver. At first, there may be no symptoms, but it can lead to ongoing liver damage and other issues. It often occurs with obesity and high cholesterol. […] A doctor may diagnose fatty liver, or NAFLD, if more than 510% of the liver weight is fat. This is not healthy, but it does not necessarily cause symptoms or have a severe impact at this stage. For most people, this condition does not progress further. […] If fat continues to build up, inflammation can occur in the liver, leading to NASH. This affects around 1.5% to 6.5% of adults in the U.S. Symptoms may include: itchiness, abdominal swelling, yellowing of the skin and eyes, known as jaundice, easy bruising and bleeding, spider-like veins visible just under the skin, slurred speech and confusion, behavioral changes.

• #5 A silent pandemic: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) – MyHealth

  https://redcliffelabs.com/myhealth/lungs-test/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  The numbers seem alarming, but the rising incidence of liver diseases points toward a condition called a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD. […] Despite what you think, the signs of loss of appetite, sudden yellowing of the skin, abdominal pain, swollen abdomen or legs are signs of deteriorating fatty liver disease. It needs immediate attention and getting timely testing is the only way to manage the symptoms. […] Fatty liver disease usually comes with no or negligible symptoms. However, you will need to check with your physician if you observe more than one of the following NAFLD symptoms. […] Here are some of the signs and symptoms of NASH, liver inflammation, and cirrhosis. […] Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver conditions that can lead to serious liver issues, including cirrhosis, if not diagnosed and treated early.

• #6 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-nafld/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the term for a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver. Its usually seen in people who are overweight or obese. […] Early-stage NAFLD doesnt usually cause any harm, but it can lead to serious liver damage, including cirrhosis, if it gets worse. […] Most people will only ever develop the first stage, usually without realising it. In small number of cases it can progress and eventually lead to liver damage if not detected and managed. […] The main stages of NAFLD are: simple fatty liver (steatosis) a largely harmless build-up of fat in the liver cells that may only be diagnosed during tests carried out for another reason, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) a more serious form of NAFLD, where the liver has become inflamed; this is estimated to affect up to 5% of the UK population, fibrosis where persistent inflammation causes scar tissue around the liver and nearby blood vessels, but the liver is still able to function normally, cirrhosis the most severe stage, occurring after years of inflammation, where the liver shrinks and becomes scarred and lumpy; this damage is permanent and can lead to liver failure (where your liver stops working properly) and liver cancer.

• #7 The four stages of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.liverhealthuk.com/post/the-four-stages-of-nafld

  Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) describes a range of conditions caused by too much fat stored in the liver in people who drink little or no alcohol. More than 5% fat stored in liver cells is considered too much, and this can result in a fatty liver. 1 in 3 people in the UK is estimated to be affected by NAFLD. […] The first stage is referred to as simple fatty liver or steatosis; This occurs when the liver cells start to build-up fat, although there is no inflammation or scarring at this stage. There are often no symptoms in this early stage, so many people are unaware they have a fatty liver. […] The second stage of NAFLD is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); This stage occurs when the build-up of fat in the liver cells is accompanied with inflammation. […] The third stage of NAFLD is fibrosis; This occurs when there is persistent scar tissue in the liver and in the blood vessels around the liver.

• #8 The four stages of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.liverhealthuk.com/post/the-four-stages-of-nafld

  Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) describes a range of conditions caused by too much fat stored in the liver in people who drink little or no alcohol. More than 5% fat stored in liver cells is considered too much, and this can result in a fatty liver. 1 in 3 people in the UK is estimated to be affected by NAFLD. […] The first stage is referred to as simple fatty liver or steatosis; This occurs when the liver cells start to build-up fat, although there is no inflammation or scarring at this stage. There are often no symptoms in this early stage, so many people are unaware they have a fatty liver. […] The second stage of NAFLD is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); This stage occurs when the build-up of fat in the liver cells is accompanied with inflammation. […] The third stage of NAFLD is fibrosis; This occurs when there is persistent scar tissue in the liver and in the blood vessels around the liver.

• #9 Development and Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6834322/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to 30% of the adult population and is now a major cause of liver disease-related premature illness and deaths in the world. […] NAFLD progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in 20-30% of cases with its sequelae of liver scarring, cirrhosis and liver cancer. […] The precise pathogenesis of the condition remains incompletely understood. […] In this model, they described the deposition of fat in the liver or simple steatosis as the first hit, whereas the progression of steatosis into steatohepatitis requires the involvement of other factors. […] This review will concentrate on emerging evidence that advanced glycation end products (AGES) and their interaction with the hepatic receptor for AGES (RAGE) are one factor that drives progression from simple NAFLD to NASH and liver fibrosis.

• #10 The four stages of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.liverhealthuk.com/post/the-four-stages-of-nafld

  Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) describes a range of conditions caused by too much fat stored in the liver in people who drink little or no alcohol. More than 5% fat stored in liver cells is considered too much, and this can result in a fatty liver. 1 in 3 people in the UK is estimated to be affected by NAFLD. […] The first stage is referred to as simple fatty liver or steatosis; This occurs when the liver cells start to build-up fat, although there is no inflammation or scarring at this stage. There are often no symptoms in this early stage, so many people are unaware they have a fatty liver. […] The second stage of NAFLD is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); This stage occurs when the build-up of fat in the liver cells is accompanied with inflammation. […] The third stage of NAFLD is fibrosis; This occurs when there is persistent scar tissue in the liver and in the blood vessels around the liver.

• #11 The four stages of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.liverhealthuk.com/post/the-four-stages-of-nafld

  The fourth stage of NAFLD is cirrhosis; At this stage, the liver stops working properly, and symptoms start to appear, such as yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes and a dull ache in the lower right side of the ribs. […] Most people with NAFLD have the early stage of the disease (simple fatty liver or steatosis) and only a small number develop the more serious stages. It can take several years for fibrosis or cirrhosis to develop. Although there are often no symptoms accompanying the early stages of NAFLD, it is important to think about the health of your liver.

• #12 Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_dysfunction%E2%80%93associated_steatotic_liver_disease

  The average progression rate from one stage of liver fibrosis to the next in those with MASH is estimated to be seven years. The course of progression varies with different clinical manifestations among individuals. […] The risk of cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver specific death and overall death is higher in those with MASH as compared to MASLD. […] In one study that examined people over 15 years, 11% of those with MASH developed cirrhosis as compared to less than 1% of people with MASLD. […] MASLD is a risk factor for fibrosis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes based on very-low to low-quality evidence from observational studies. […] Although MASLD can cause cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer, most deaths among people with MASLD are attributable to cardiovascular disease.

• #13 Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Causes and Diagnoses

  https://patient.info/healthy-living/alcohol-and-liver-disease/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  The outlook (prognosis) for most people with NAFLD, is that the condition does not progress beyond simple fatty liver or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cirrhosis – a condition where normal liver tissue is replaced by a lot of scar tissue (fibrosis) – and serious liver problems do not develop in most cases. […] However, fatty liver does progress to NASH in some people and NASH progresses to cirrhosis in some people. It is not clear why some people with NASH (and not others) progress to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is very serious; it can lead to liver failure and may be fatal. […] It is estimated that, on average: About 2 in 100 people with simple fatty liver progress to cirrhosis over 15-20 years. About 12 in 100 people with NASH progress to cirrhosis over about eight years. […] So, most people with NAFLD do not develop serious liver disease. However, because NAFLD has become very common in recent years (probably because obesity has become much more common), NAFLD has become a common cause of cirrhosis.

• #14 Symptoms & Causes of NAFLD & NASH – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/symptoms-causes

  Usually, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD (also referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, or MASLD), is a silent disease with few or no symptoms. You may not have symptoms even if you develop cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH (also referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, or MASH). […] If you do have symptoms, you may feel tired or have discomfort in the upper right side of your abdomen. […] Having more of these health conditions increases your chances of developing NASH. Losing weight may cause NASH to switch to nonalcoholic fatty liver, or NAFL (also referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver, or MASL), and regaining weight may cause NAFL to switch to NASH.

• #15 Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22437-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  MASLD may not cause symptoms. […] You can have it without having symptoms. […] You may not notice changes in your body unless you develop MASH (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis). […] Some people with MASH have symptoms like: An ache in your upper right abdomen, where your liver is; Extreme fatigue and weakness; Loss of appetite; Swollen belly; Unexpected weight loss; Yellowing of your skin and eyes (scleral icterus). […] MASLD develops over several years. […] Without treatment, MASLD can cause more serious liver diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment can keep MASLD from getting worse. […] Yes, but that depends on your situation. In general, treatment can reverse MASLD unless you have MASH-related cirrhosis. […] Taking steps, like losing weight, may reverse the impact MASLD has on your liver.

• #16 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Common Questions and Answers on Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/1115/p603.html

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease in the United States, affecting up to 30% of adults. […] Although NAFLD is common and typically asymptomatic, screening is not currently recommended, even in high-risk patients. NAFLD should be suspected in patients with elevated liver enzymes or hepatic steatosis on abdominal imaging that are found incidentally. […] NAFL typically follows an indolent course, whereas patients with NASH are at higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and end-stage liver disease. […] Except in late-stage disease when patients may have manifestations of overt hepatic insufficiency, there are no typical or characteristic symptoms of NAFLD. Rather, patients are often asymptomatic, and elevated liver enzymes or evidence of hepatic steatosis is incidentally found on testing performed for unrelated reasons. […] Most patients with NAFL will have a benign, nonprogressive disease course. Only 20% develop NASH, and 20% of those with NASH develop cirrhosis. Patients with a higher degree of fibrosis have a higher risk of death, mainly from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and end-stage liver disease.

• #17 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007657.htm

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the buildup of fat in the liver that is not caused by drinking too much alcohol. People who have it do not have a history of heavy drinking. NAFLD is usually but not always related to being overweight. […] For many people, NAFLD causes no symptoms or problems. A more severe form of the disease is called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can cause cirrhosis and liver failure. It can also cause liver cancer. […] People with NAFLD often have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, the most common include: Fatigue, Pain in the upper right abdomen. […] In people with NASH who have liver damage (cirrhosis), symptoms may include: Weakness, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice), Itching, Fluid buildup and swelling in the legs and abdomen, Mental confusion, GI bleeding.

• #18 How to Know You Have Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

  https://gastrohealth.com/conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  NAFLD typically does not cause any symptoms and is a silent disease. If you do experience symptoms, the most common are lethargy and discomfort in the abdomen. […] NASH symptoms are often silent or non-specific, making it difficult to diagnose. As a result, NASH patients may remain unaware of their condition until late stages of the disease. […] NASH can progress to more serious disease stages, such as advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer, driven by hepatocellular ballooning and inflammation.

• #19 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Symptoms, Causes & More – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-nafld-symptoms-causes-and-more

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may cause no symptoms, or it can cause fatigue, malaise, and pain in the right upper abdomen. NASH may cause itchy skin, leg swelling, shortness of breath, spider veins, reddening of the palms, and jaundice. […] Many people with NAFLD feel normal and don’t have any symptoms. When present, symptoms are usually nonspecific and can include fatigue, malaise (feeling generally unwell), and pain in the right upper abdomen. […] People with the more severe form of NAFLD, called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can develop the following symptoms due to cirrhosis (severe scarring): itchy skin, swelling in the legs, shortness of breath, spider veins, reddening of the palms, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). […] It can take decades, as much as 30 years, for fatty liver to turn into cirrhosis, which is the main complication of NAFLD. This means a person who develops fatty liver in their 30s may not be diagnosed with cirrhosis until they are in their 60s. However, with the increasing prevalence of obesity in young people, cirrhosis from fatty liver is being seen even in adolescents. This is because the longer the body has excess abdominal weight, the more time there is for extra fat to accumulate in the liver.

• #20 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the term for a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver. It’s usually seen in people who are overweight or obese. […] Early-stage NAFLD does not usually cause any harm, but it can lead to serious liver damage, including cirrhosis, if it gets worse. […] Occasionally, people with NASH or fibrosis (more advanced stages of NAFLD) may experience: a dull or aching pain in the top right of the tummy (over the lower right side of the ribs), extreme tiredness, unexplained weight loss, weakness. […] If cirrhosis (the most advanced stage) develops, you can get more severe symptoms, such as yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice), itchy skin, and swelling in the legs, ankles, feet or tummy (oedema). […] It can take years for fibrosis or cirrhosis to develop. It’s important to make lifestyle changes to prevent the condition getting worse.

• #21 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/liver-diseases/fatty-liver-disease-non-alcoholic

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) happens when fat builds up in the liver of individuals who dont drink much alcohol. […] A person with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has fat deposits inside the liver, which can cause inflammation, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). If not treated, NAFLD can progress to liver cirrhosis, leading to a liver transplant if the damage is too severe. […] NAFLD is often silent and provides few signs or symptoms in the early stages. When patients with NAFLD have symptoms, right-sided abdominal pain and fatigue are the most common ones observed. […] If NAFLD progresses to cirrhosis, the following symptoms may occur: Nausea, Abdominal pain, Confusion, Fluid buildup in the abdomen, Easy bruising or bleeding, Weight loss, Weakness or fatigue, Loss of appetite, Pale stools, Swelling in the legs, Weblike blood vessels under the skin, Breast enlargement in men, Itchy skin, Jaundice, Dark-colored urine. […] Some individuals with NAFLD develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more aggressive form of fatty liver disease characterized by liver inflammation that can progress to advanced liver tissue scarring called cirrhosis and liver failure.

• #22 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, often called NAFLD, is a liver problem that affects people who drink little to no alcohol. In NAFLD, too much fat builds up in the liver. It is seen most often in people who are overweight or obese. […] NAFLD often has no symptoms. When it does, they may include: Fatigue. Not feeling well, or malaise. Pain or discomfort in the upper right belly area. […] Possible symptoms of NASH and cirrhosis, or severe scarring, include: Itchy skin. Abdominal swelling, also called ascites (uh-SY-teez). Shortness of breath. Swelling of the legs. Spider-like blood vessels just beneath the skin’s surface. Enlarged spleen. Red palms. Yellowing of the skin and eyes, or jaundice. […] Severe liver scarring, or cirrhosis, is the main complication of NAFLD and NASH. Cirrhosis happens because of liver injury, such as the damage caused by inflammation in NASH. As the liver tries to stop inflammation, it creates areas of scarring, also called fibrosis. With ongoing inflammation, fibrosis spreads and takes up more liver tissue.

• #23 NAFLD & NASH – Symptoms, Causes, Differences & Treatment Options PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Many people typically develop any type of NAFLD with having no symptoms; most of the time it is diagnosed by a healthcare professional or doctors by doing investigations for abnormal laboratory results or imaging test of the abdomen for unrelated problems. […] In order to help people with this condition, doctor identify people those who all are at risk and offers advice on how to manage the condition before significant liver damage occurs. NAFLD is a condition that can be treated and often managed with lifestyle changes. […] Many people with NAFLD do not have any symptoms, but in those who do, these are usually non-specific such as: Mild fatigue, Discomfort or pain in upper right abdomen. […] Over the years, the presence of fat can trigger inflammation of the liver, which can lead to the formation of scar tissue. In an advanced state, the amount of scar tissue in the liver can reach a level called cirrhosis of the liver, which refers to the precise appearance of the scar tissue, liver fibrosis and its degree. In patients with NASH and cirrhosis of the liver can eventually lead to the appearance of signs and symptoms such as: Increased fatigue, Buildup of fluid in the abdomen (ascites), Confusion (encephalopathy), A decreased or loss of appetite, Bleeding easily or bruising (Ecchymosis), Nausea (an uneasiness of the stomach), Edema (Swelling in your feet, ankles or feet), Unexplained weight loss, Yellow discoloration in the skin and eyes (jaundice), Esophageal varices – enlarged or swollen veins in the esophagus that can cause vomiting of blood, bloody or black tar-like stool.

• #24 Early Signs of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.liverhealthuk.com/post/2017/07/16/early-signs-of-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-nafld

  One particular study done by German researchers analysed data from over 3,000 individuals, found that those with NAFLD were three times more likely to have hypertension than those who didn’t have the disease. […] If you are experiencing any pain in the upper right abdomen on a regular basis, we would recommend you to visit your doctor before leaving it for too long. […] However, if you are experiencing fatigue and weakness along with some of the signs mentioned above, it could be as a result of poor liver health. […] If you are feeling hungry all the time or having a craving for sugar on a regular basis, it could be an early sign of liver damage.

• #25 Non- alcoholic fatty liver disease | CUH

  https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  Most people do not have any symptoms from their fatty liver but this does not mean that there is not damage occurring in your liver, it is still important to make the changes suggested to prevent further deterioration. […] Some people will complain of mild discomfort around the upper right-hand side of their abdomen where the liver is located. Your liver is encased in a capsule and if you have fat in your liver this can causes the capsule to stretch causing discomfort. […] Some people complain of tiredness and fatigue. […] Some people have symptoms from the health conditions that are linked to fatty liver, including diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnoea and heart disease. […] One of the problems with liver disease is that the liver does not usually give symptoms as it is being damaged, and therefore people can develop severe liver disease with cirrhosis without any liver-related symptoms. The absence of symptoms therefore does not mean that there is no liver disease.

• #26 Nonalcoholic fatty liver, Red Wing – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/red-wing/services-and-treatments/gastroenterology-and-hepatology/digestive-disorders/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a term for a range of liver conditions. As the name implies, the main characteristic of NAFLD is too much fat stored in liver cells. […] Some individuals with NAFLD can develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) — an aggressive form of fatty liver disease, which is marked by liver inflammation and may progress to advanced scarring (cirrhosis) and liver failure. This damage is similar to the damage caused by heavy alcohol use. […] NAFLD usually causes no signs and symptoms unless cirrhosis is present, including: Abdominal swelling, Lower extremity swelling (edema), Impaired mental abilities (memory, attention, concentration), Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), Dark urine, Itching (pruritus). […] It is difficult to distinguish NAFLD from NASH without further testing.

• #27 Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/n/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash.html

  Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is caused by buildup of fat in the liver. When this buildup causes inflammation and damage, it is known as NASH, which can lead to scarring of the liver. Scarring of the liver is a potentially life-threatening condition called cirrhosis. […] There are often no outward signs or symptoms associated with NASH. The most common symptoms are: Fatigue, Pain in the upper right abdomen (usually mild). […] NASH may lead to cirrhosis of the liver, causing one or more of the following symptoms as the condition progresses: Bleeding easily, Bruising easily, Itchy skin, Yellow discoloration in the skin and eyes (jaundice), Fluid accumulation in your abdomen, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Swelling in your legs, Confusion, Drowsiness, Slurred speech, Spider-like blood vessels on your skin. […] While there is no standard treatment for patients NASH, lifestyle changes have been shown to affect its progression. This may include losing weight, maintaining a healthy diet, or addressing underlying conditions such as hypothyroidism and diabetes.

• #28 Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22437-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  MASLD may not cause symptoms. […] You can have it without having symptoms. […] You may not notice changes in your body unless you develop MASH (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis). […] Some people with MASH have symptoms like: An ache in your upper right abdomen, where your liver is; Extreme fatigue and weakness; Loss of appetite; Swollen belly; Unexpected weight loss; Yellowing of your skin and eyes (scleral icterus). […] MASLD develops over several years. […] Without treatment, MASLD can cause more serious liver diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment can keep MASLD from getting worse. […] Yes, but that depends on your situation. In general, treatment can reverse MASLD unless you have MASH-related cirrhosis. […] Taking steps, like losing weight, may reverse the impact MASLD has on your liver.

• #29 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the term for a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver. It’s usually seen in people who are overweight or obese. […] Early-stage NAFLD does not usually cause any harm, but it can lead to serious liver damage, including cirrhosis, if it gets worse. […] Occasionally, people with NASH or fibrosis (more advanced stages of NAFLD) may experience: a dull or aching pain in the top right of the tummy (over the lower right side of the ribs), extreme tiredness, unexplained weight loss, weakness. […] If cirrhosis (the most advanced stage) develops, you can get more severe symptoms, such as yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice), itchy skin, and swelling in the legs, ankles, feet or tummy (oedema). […] It can take years for fibrosis or cirrhosis to develop. It’s important to make lifestyle changes to prevent the condition getting worse.

• #30 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007657.htm

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the buildup of fat in the liver that is not caused by drinking too much alcohol. People who have it do not have a history of heavy drinking. NAFLD is usually but not always related to being overweight. […] For many people, NAFLD causes no symptoms or problems. A more severe form of the disease is called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can cause cirrhosis and liver failure. It can also cause liver cancer. […] People with NAFLD often have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, the most common include: Fatigue, Pain in the upper right abdomen. […] In people with NASH who have liver damage (cirrhosis), symptoms may include: Weakness, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice), Itching, Fluid buildup and swelling in the legs and abdomen, Mental confusion, GI bleeding.

• #31 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the term for a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver. It’s usually seen in people who are overweight or obese. […] Early-stage NAFLD does not usually cause any harm, but it can lead to serious liver damage, including cirrhosis, if it gets worse. […] Occasionally, people with NASH or fibrosis (more advanced stages of NAFLD) may experience: a dull or aching pain in the top right of the tummy (over the lower right side of the ribs), extreme tiredness, unexplained weight loss, weakness. […] If cirrhosis (the most advanced stage) develops, you can get more severe symptoms, such as yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice), itchy skin, and swelling in the legs, ankles, feet or tummy (oedema). […] It can take years for fibrosis or cirrhosis to develop. It’s important to make lifestyle changes to prevent the condition getting worse.

• #32 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss | BMC Endocrine Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12902-022-00980-1

  Hepatomegaly can present during physical examination and this is caused by the livers fatty infiltration. […] Weight loss is the primary therapy for most patients with NAFLD. […] Weight loss can improve liver biochemical tests, liver histology, serum insulin levels, and quality of life in patients with NAFLD. […] A significant body of literature has shown that weight loss induces a clinical improvement in patients with NAFLD or NASH. […] Several studies showed improvement of liver biochemistry after significant weight loss.

• #33 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354573

  Because NAFLD typically causes no symptoms, it is often found when tests done for other reasons point to a liver problem. […] A liver biopsy can be uncomfortable, and it does have risks that your health care team will go over with you in detail. This procedure is done using a needle that is passed through the abdominal wall and into the liver. […] Treatment for NAFLD usually starts with weight loss. This can be done by eating a healthy diet, limiting portion sizes and exercise. Losing weight may improve other health problems that lead to NAFLD. […] If you’re overweight or obese, reduce the number of calories you eat each day and increase your physical activity to lose weight slowly. Eating fewer calories is key to losing weight and managing this disease. […] If you find out you have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, some basic questions to ask include: Is the fat in my liver hurting my health? Will my fatty liver disease become serious? What are my treatment options? What can I do to keep my liver healthy? […] Have you had any symptoms, such as yellowing of the eyes or skin and pain or swelling around your waist?

• #34 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-nafld/

  It can take years for fibrosis or cirrhosis to develop. Its important to make lifestyle changes to prevent the disease from getting worse. […] There arent usually any symptoms of NAFLD in the early stages. You probably wont know you have it unless its diagnosed during tests carried out for another reason. […] Occasionally, people with NASH or fibrosis (more advanced stages of the disease) may experience: a dull or aching pain in the top right of the tummy (over the lower right side of the ribs), fatigue (extreme tiredness), unexplained weight loss, weakness. […] If cirrhosis (the most advanced stage) develops, you can get more severe symptoms such as yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice), itchy skin, and swelling in the legs, ankles, feet or tummy.

• #35 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007657.htm

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the buildup of fat in the liver that is not caused by drinking too much alcohol. People who have it do not have a history of heavy drinking. NAFLD is usually but not always related to being overweight. […] For many people, NAFLD causes no symptoms or problems. A more severe form of the disease is called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can cause cirrhosis and liver failure. It can also cause liver cancer. […] People with NAFLD often have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, the most common include: Fatigue, Pain in the upper right abdomen. […] In people with NASH who have liver damage (cirrhosis), symptoms may include: Weakness, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice), Itching, Fluid buildup and swelling in the legs and abdomen, Mental confusion, GI bleeding.

• #36 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/liver-diseases/fatty-liver-disease-non-alcoholic

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) happens when fat builds up in the liver of individuals who dont drink much alcohol. […] A person with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has fat deposits inside the liver, which can cause inflammation, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). If not treated, NAFLD can progress to liver cirrhosis, leading to a liver transplant if the damage is too severe. […] NAFLD is often silent and provides few signs or symptoms in the early stages. When patients with NAFLD have symptoms, right-sided abdominal pain and fatigue are the most common ones observed. […] If NAFLD progresses to cirrhosis, the following symptoms may occur: Nausea, Abdominal pain, Confusion, Fluid buildup in the abdomen, Easy bruising or bleeding, Weight loss, Weakness or fatigue, Loss of appetite, Pale stools, Swelling in the legs, Weblike blood vessels under the skin, Breast enlargement in men, Itchy skin, Jaundice, Dark-colored urine. […] Some individuals with NAFLD develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more aggressive form of fatty liver disease characterized by liver inflammation that can progress to advanced liver tissue scarring called cirrhosis and liver failure.

• #37 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, often called NAFLD, is a liver problem that affects people who drink little to no alcohol. In NAFLD, too much fat builds up in the liver. It is seen most often in people who are overweight or obese. […] NAFLD often has no symptoms. When it does, they may include: Fatigue. Not feeling well, or malaise. Pain or discomfort in the upper right belly area. […] Possible symptoms of NASH and cirrhosis, or severe scarring, include: Itchy skin. Abdominal swelling, also called ascites (uh-SY-teez). Shortness of breath. Swelling of the legs. Spider-like blood vessels just beneath the skin’s surface. Enlarged spleen. Red palms. Yellowing of the skin and eyes, or jaundice. […] Severe liver scarring, or cirrhosis, is the main complication of NAFLD and NASH. Cirrhosis happens because of liver injury, such as the damage caused by inflammation in NASH. As the liver tries to stop inflammation, it creates areas of scarring, also called fibrosis. With ongoing inflammation, fibrosis spreads and takes up more liver tissue.

• #38 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, often called NAFLD, is a liver problem that affects people who drink little to no alcohol. In NAFLD, too much fat builds up in the liver. It is seen most often in people who are overweight or obese. […] NAFLD often has no symptoms. When it does, they may include: Fatigue. Not feeling well, or malaise. Pain or discomfort in the upper right belly area. […] Possible symptoms of NASH and cirrhosis, or severe scarring, include: Itchy skin. Abdominal swelling, also called ascites (uh-SY-teez). Shortness of breath. Swelling of the legs. Spider-like blood vessels just beneath the skin’s surface. Enlarged spleen. Red palms. Yellowing of the skin and eyes, or jaundice. […] Severe liver scarring, or cirrhosis, is the main complication of NAFLD and NASH. Cirrhosis happens because of liver injury, such as the damage caused by inflammation in NASH. As the liver tries to stop inflammation, it creates areas of scarring, also called fibrosis. With ongoing inflammation, fibrosis spreads and takes up more liver tissue.

• #39 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the term for a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver. It’s usually seen in people who are overweight or obese. […] Early-stage NAFLD does not usually cause any harm, but it can lead to serious liver damage, including cirrhosis, if it gets worse. […] Occasionally, people with NASH or fibrosis (more advanced stages of NAFLD) may experience: a dull or aching pain in the top right of the tummy (over the lower right side of the ribs), extreme tiredness, unexplained weight loss, weakness. […] If cirrhosis (the most advanced stage) develops, you can get more severe symptoms, such as yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice), itchy skin, and swelling in the legs, ankles, feet or tummy (oedema). […] It can take years for fibrosis or cirrhosis to develop. It’s important to make lifestyle changes to prevent the condition getting worse.

• #40 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, often called NAFLD, is a liver problem that affects people who drink little to no alcohol. In NAFLD, too much fat builds up in the liver. It is seen most often in people who are overweight or obese. […] NAFLD often has no symptoms. When it does, they may include: Fatigue. Not feeling well, or malaise. Pain or discomfort in the upper right belly area. […] Possible symptoms of NASH and cirrhosis, or severe scarring, include: Itchy skin. Abdominal swelling, also called ascites (uh-SY-teez). Shortness of breath. Swelling of the legs. Spider-like blood vessels just beneath the skin’s surface. Enlarged spleen. Red palms. Yellowing of the skin and eyes, or jaundice. […] Severe liver scarring, or cirrhosis, is the main complication of NAFLD and NASH. Cirrhosis happens because of liver injury, such as the damage caused by inflammation in NASH. As the liver tries to stop inflammation, it creates areas of scarring, also called fibrosis. With ongoing inflammation, fibrosis spreads and takes up more liver tissue.

• #41 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, often called NAFLD, is a liver problem that affects people who drink little to no alcohol. In NAFLD, too much fat builds up in the liver. It is seen most often in people who are overweight or obese. […] NAFLD often has no symptoms. When it does, they may include: Fatigue. Not feeling well, or malaise. Pain or discomfort in the upper right belly area. […] Possible symptoms of NASH and cirrhosis, or severe scarring, include: Itchy skin. Abdominal swelling, also called ascites (uh-SY-teez). Shortness of breath. Swelling of the legs. Spider-like blood vessels just beneath the skin’s surface. Enlarged spleen. Red palms. Yellowing of the skin and eyes, or jaundice. […] Severe liver scarring, or cirrhosis, is the main complication of NAFLD and NASH. Cirrhosis happens because of liver injury, such as the damage caused by inflammation in NASH. As the liver tries to stop inflammation, it creates areas of scarring, also called fibrosis. With ongoing inflammation, fibrosis spreads and takes up more liver tissue.

• #42 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, often called NAFLD, is a liver problem that affects people who drink little to no alcohol. In NAFLD, too much fat builds up in the liver. It is seen most often in people who are overweight or obese. […] NAFLD often has no symptoms. When it does, they may include: Fatigue. Not feeling well, or malaise. Pain or discomfort in the upper right belly area. […] Possible symptoms of NASH and cirrhosis, or severe scarring, include: Itchy skin. Abdominal swelling, also called ascites (uh-SY-teez). Shortness of breath. Swelling of the legs. Spider-like blood vessels just beneath the skin’s surface. Enlarged spleen. Red palms. Yellowing of the skin and eyes, or jaundice. […] Severe liver scarring, or cirrhosis, is the main complication of NAFLD and NASH. Cirrhosis happens because of liver injury, such as the damage caused by inflammation in NASH. As the liver tries to stop inflammation, it creates areas of scarring, also called fibrosis. With ongoing inflammation, fibrosis spreads and takes up more liver tissue.

• #43 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  If nothing is done to stop the scarring, cirrhosis can lead to: Fluid buildup in the stomach area, called ascites. Swollen veins in your esophagus, or esophageal varices, which can rupture and bleed. Confusion, sleepiness and slurred speech, also called hepatic encephalopathy. Overactive spleen, or hypersplenism, which can cause too few blood platelets. Liver cancer. End-stage liver failure, which means the liver has stopped working.

• #44 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  If nothing is done to stop the scarring, cirrhosis can lead to: Fluid buildup in the stomach area, called ascites. Swollen veins in your esophagus, or esophageal varices, which can rupture and bleed. Confusion, sleepiness and slurred speech, also called hepatic encephalopathy. Overactive spleen, or hypersplenism, which can cause too few blood platelets. Liver cancer. End-stage liver failure, which means the liver has stopped working.

• #45 Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/n/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash.html

  Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is caused by buildup of fat in the liver. When this buildup causes inflammation and damage, it is known as NASH, which can lead to scarring of the liver. Scarring of the liver is a potentially life-threatening condition called cirrhosis. […] There are often no outward signs or symptoms associated with NASH. The most common symptoms are: Fatigue, Pain in the upper right abdomen (usually mild). […] NASH may lead to cirrhosis of the liver, causing one or more of the following symptoms as the condition progresses: Bleeding easily, Bruising easily, Itchy skin, Yellow discoloration in the skin and eyes (jaundice), Fluid accumulation in your abdomen, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Swelling in your legs, Confusion, Drowsiness, Slurred speech, Spider-like blood vessels on your skin. […] While there is no standard treatment for patients NASH, lifestyle changes have been shown to affect its progression. This may include losing weight, maintaining a healthy diet, or addressing underlying conditions such as hypothyroidism and diabetes.

• #46 Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): What Is It and Am I at Risk? | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/2023/06/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash-what-it-and-am-i-risk

  The tricky thing about NASH is that people who have it typically have few or no symptoms, which often results in a late diagnosis when the liver is already seriously damaged. […] As NASH progresses, you may experience: Unexplained weight loss, Fatigue, Weakness, Aching in the upper right abdomen. […] Warning signs that indicate more advanced stages of the disease include: Jaundice, Abdominal swelling or distention, Confusion, Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. […] It can take years for NASH to get severe enough to cause symptoms. […] If you receive a NASH diagnosis, your quality of life will be based on your current level of liver damage. […] If you develop advanced scarring, known as cirrhosis, it can have an impact on your quality of life. If NASH cirrhosis is diagnosed early, the life expectancy is about 10 to 15 years. However, if you develop complications such as swelling or fluid in the abdomen, confusion, or bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, life expectancy decreases dramatically to three to five years without a liver transplant.

• #47 Fatty Liver-to-Cirrhosis Timeline

  https://www.webmd.com/fatty-liver-disease/fatty-liver-to-cirrhosis-timeline

  Once your fatty liver progresses to MASH or cirrhosis, your liver may not be able to work properly. When that happens, you may have the above symptoms, along with: Itchy skin, Muscle tiredness or weakness, Feeling sick to your stomach or throwing up, Belly swelling due to fluid buildup (ascites), Blood vessels you can see beneath your skin, Red palms, Feeling like you cant catch your breath. […] If you get cirrhosis, your liver may stop working. This is called end-stage liver disease. You’ll need a liver transplant if this happens. […] About 3% to 5% of people with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) eventually get cirrhosis. This includes around 20% of people with MASH, those with fatty liver who already have moderate to advanced liver inflammation or scarring.

• #48 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a practical approach to diagnosis and staging | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/5/3/211

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the commonest cause of abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) in the UK with approximately a third of the population being affected. […] It is a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), through to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. […] Approximately 10-30% develop NASH and the development of NASH cirrhosis is associated with a poor long-term prognosis. […] Patients with NASH have increased liver-related and cardiovascular mortality. […] Up to 90% of patients with NAFLD have simple steatosis, which carries a relatively benign prognosis, with no overall increase in mortality. […] However, approximately 10-30% have the potentially progressive form of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with hepatocellular injury and inflammation.

• #49 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a practical approach to diagnosis and staging | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/5/3/211

  Approximately 25-40% of patients with NASH will develop progressive liver fibrosis, ultimately resulting in cirrhosis in 20-30%. […] The development of cirrhosis due to NASH is associated with a poor long-term prognosis. […] In addition, subjects with NASH cirrhosis are at significant risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (2.6% per year). […] Patients with NASH have a worse prognosis and should be included in clinical trials of new treatments for this condition. […] Risk of NAFLD/NASH directly related to presence and severity of the metabolic syndrome. […] Simple steatosis carries benign prognosis. […] NASH carries poor prognosis with increased liver-related and cardiovascular mortality.

• #50 Fatty liver disease A practical guide for GPs

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2013/july/fatty-liver-disease

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), encompassing both simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), is the most common cause of liver disease in Australia. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis is more common in the presence of diabetes, obesity, older age and increased inflammation, and is more likely to progress to cirrhosis. […] The risk of developing cirrhosis is higher in the presence of NASH, which is more likely in the presence of the following features: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30 kg/m2), age more than 50 years, serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) more than two times the upper limit of normal. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis cirrhosis probably accounts for the vast majority of what was previously described as cryptogenic cirrhosis.

• #51 Fatty liver disease A practical guide for GPs

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2013/july/fatty-liver-disease

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), encompassing both simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), is the most common cause of liver disease in Australia. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis is more common in the presence of diabetes, obesity, older age and increased inflammation, and is more likely to progress to cirrhosis. […] The risk of developing cirrhosis is higher in the presence of NASH, which is more likely in the presence of the following features: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30 kg/m2), age more than 50 years, serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) more than two times the upper limit of normal. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis cirrhosis probably accounts for the vast majority of what was previously described as cryptogenic cirrhosis.

• #52 Early Signs of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.liverhealthuk.com/post/2017/07/16/early-signs-of-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-nafld

  We are seeing a rising tide of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) around the world. […] NAFLD is now the leading cause of Chronic Liver Disease in some parts of the world. […] Scientists and public health officials blame the lack of symptoms and poor awareness as the primary reasons for the increase. […] We’ve put together a list of early signs that could help identify warning signals for NAFLD in time before it becomes dangerous. […] Those who are overweight are at an increased risk of NAFLD. […] A BMI of over 30 significantly correlates with the prevalence of NAFLD. […] If you’ve recently been diagnosed with high cholesterol, perhaps it’s worth looking at how your liver is functioning. […] Studies have shown an increased risk of hypertension for those suffering from NAFLD.

• #53 Fatty liver disease A practical guide for GPs

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2013/july/fatty-liver-disease

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), encompassing both simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), is the most common cause of liver disease in Australia. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis is more common in the presence of diabetes, obesity, older age and increased inflammation, and is more likely to progress to cirrhosis. […] The risk of developing cirrhosis is higher in the presence of NASH, which is more likely in the presence of the following features: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30 kg/m2), age more than 50 years, serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) more than two times the upper limit of normal. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis cirrhosis probably accounts for the vast majority of what was previously described as cryptogenic cirrhosis.

• #54 Fatty liver disease A practical guide for GPs

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2013/july/fatty-liver-disease

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), encompassing both simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), is the most common cause of liver disease in Australia. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis is more common in the presence of diabetes, obesity, older age and increased inflammation, and is more likely to progress to cirrhosis. […] The risk of developing cirrhosis is higher in the presence of NASH, which is more likely in the presence of the following features: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30 kg/m2), age more than 50 years, serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) more than two times the upper limit of normal. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis cirrhosis probably accounts for the vast majority of what was previously described as cryptogenic cirrhosis.

• #55 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss | BMC Endocrine Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12902-022-00980-1

  NAFLD is becoming more common chronic liver disease in Western industrialized countries, particularly in patients with central obesity, T2DM, dyslipidaemia, and metabolic syndrome. […] Patients with NAFLD often have one or more components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) like systemic hypertension, dyslipidaemia, Insulin resistance, or overt diabetes. […] The majority of the patients with NAFLD do not experience any symptoms, however some of them may complain of fatigue, right upper quadrant discomfort, hepatomegaly, acanthosis nigricans, and lipomatosis. […] A significant amount of patients with cirrhosis can be present themselves with end-stage liver disease. […] Very often a diagnosis like NASH or NAFLD is discovered due to abnormal liver function tests such as aminotransferases (ALT and AST) or incidental finding of hepatic steatosis on radiologic abdominal finding.

• #56 Five Things You Should Know About Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | NYU Langone News

  https://nyulangone.org/news/five-things-you-should-know-about-nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  A precise diagnosis for NAFLD is elusive, and screening for it is challenging. The dilemma, explains Dr. Jacobson, is that liver disease rarely exhibits any specific symptoms until the damage is done. […] An elevation of liver enzymes, however slight, is often the first sign that the patient has a liver condition. […] While patients tend to focus on reversing NAFLD, Dr. Jacobson emphasizes that as long as the disease is detected early enough, it doesnt need to be curedjust stopped in its tracks. […] For patients who are overweight or obese, weight loss is central to managing the disease. Trimming body weight by as little as 3 percent can decrease the degree of fat deposition in the liver, a 5 percent to 7 percent loss can reduce inflammation, and a 10 percent drop can actually start to reverse scarring, he explains. […] Developing a singularly effective medication for NAFLD has been challenging because the disease is rooted in multiple underlying mechanisms, both genetic and environmental. Still, researchers could be on the verge of a breakthrough.

• #57 Early Signs of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.liverhealthuk.com/post/2017/07/16/early-signs-of-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-nafld

  We are seeing a rising tide of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) around the world. […] NAFLD is now the leading cause of Chronic Liver Disease in some parts of the world. […] Scientists and public health officials blame the lack of symptoms and poor awareness as the primary reasons for the increase. […] We’ve put together a list of early signs that could help identify warning signals for NAFLD in time before it becomes dangerous. […] Those who are overweight are at an increased risk of NAFLD. […] A BMI of over 30 significantly correlates with the prevalence of NAFLD. […] If you’ve recently been diagnosed with high cholesterol, perhaps it’s worth looking at how your liver is functioning. […] Studies have shown an increased risk of hypertension for those suffering from NAFLD.

• #58 Early Signs of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.liverhealthuk.com/post/2017/07/16/early-signs-of-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-nafld

  We are seeing a rising tide of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) around the world. […] NAFLD is now the leading cause of Chronic Liver Disease in some parts of the world. […] Scientists and public health officials blame the lack of symptoms and poor awareness as the primary reasons for the increase. […] We’ve put together a list of early signs that could help identify warning signals for NAFLD in time before it becomes dangerous. […] Those who are overweight are at an increased risk of NAFLD. […] A BMI of over 30 significantly correlates with the prevalence of NAFLD. […] If you’ve recently been diagnosed with high cholesterol, perhaps it’s worth looking at how your liver is functioning. […] Studies have shown an increased risk of hypertension for those suffering from NAFLD.

• #59 Symptoms & Causes of NAFLD & NASH – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/symptoms-causes

  Usually, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD (also referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, or MASLD), is a silent disease with few or no symptoms. You may not have symptoms even if you develop cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH (also referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, or MASH). […] If you do have symptoms, you may feel tired or have discomfort in the upper right side of your abdomen. […] Having more of these health conditions increases your chances of developing NASH. Losing weight may cause NASH to switch to nonalcoholic fatty liver, or NAFL (also referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver, or MASL), and regaining weight may cause NAFL to switch to NASH.

• #60 Symptoms & Causes of NAFLD & NASH – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash/symptoms-causes

  Usually, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD (also referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, or MASLD), is a silent disease with few or no symptoms. You may not have symptoms even if you develop cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH (also referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, or MASH). […] If you do have symptoms, you may feel tired or have discomfort in the upper right side of your abdomen. […] Having more of these health conditions increases your chances of developing NASH. Losing weight may cause NASH to switch to nonalcoholic fatty liver, or NAFL (also referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver, or MASL), and regaining weight may cause NAFL to switch to NASH.

• #61 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, often called NAFLD, is a liver problem that affects people who drink little to no alcohol. In NAFLD, too much fat builds up in the liver. It is seen most often in people who are overweight or obese. […] NAFLD often has no symptoms. When it does, they may include: Fatigue. Not feeling well, or malaise. Pain or discomfort in the upper right belly area. […] Possible symptoms of NASH and cirrhosis, or severe scarring, include: Itchy skin. Abdominal swelling, also called ascites (uh-SY-teez). Shortness of breath. Swelling of the legs. Spider-like blood vessels just beneath the skin’s surface. Enlarged spleen. Red palms. Yellowing of the skin and eyes, or jaundice. […] Severe liver scarring, or cirrhosis, is the main complication of NAFLD and NASH. Cirrhosis happens because of liver injury, such as the damage caused by inflammation in NASH. As the liver tries to stop inflammation, it creates areas of scarring, also called fibrosis. With ongoing inflammation, fibrosis spreads and takes up more liver tissue.

• #62 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  In many cases of NAFLD, there are no noticeable symptoms. When symptoms are present, they usually include: […] pain in the upper right side of the abdomen […] fatigue / weakness […] weight loss […] fluid and swelling in the stomach (ascites) and legs (edema) […] jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes. […] NASH is a more serious form of NAFLD. If you are diagnosed with NASH, you most likely have inflammation in the liver in addition to fat, and may even have liver damage. This damage can cause scarring in the liver. Untreated NASH may eventually lead to cirrhosis, which when left untreated may lead to liver cancer. […] The main risk of NAFLD is cirrhosis, which can limit your liver’s ability to do its job. Once you’ve been diagnosed with cirrhosis, it can’t be reversed, but there are treatment options that can slow it down, or stop it.

• #63 Steatotic (Fatty) Liver Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15831-fatty-liver-disease

  The progression of liver disease: Starting with a healthy liver, then a fatty liver and finally cirrhosis. Without treatment, some types of fatty liver disease can lead to irreversible scarring (cirrhosis of the liver). […] In some cases, the condition progresses to liver disease. It usually progresses in stages: Hepatitis: Your liver goes from fatty to inflamed (swollen). The inflammation damages tissue. This stage is called steatohepatitis. For example, this is what happens when MASLD becomes MASH. […] Without treatment, a steatotic liver can progress to cirrhosis of the liver, which can lead to liver failure, liver cancer and cancers outside your liver. […] More commonly, people notice symptoms once SLD has progressed to cirrhosis of the liver. When cirrhosis develops, you may experience: Nausea. Loss of appetite. Unexplained weight loss. Yellowish skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). Swelling in your abdomen (ascites). Swelling in your legs, feet or hands (edema). Bleeding (that your provider finds in your esophagus, stomach or rectum).

• #64 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  If nothing is done to stop the scarring, cirrhosis can lead to: Fluid buildup in the stomach area, called ascites. Swollen veins in your esophagus, or esophageal varices, which can rupture and bleed. Confusion, sleepiness and slurred speech, also called hepatic encephalopathy. Overactive spleen, or hypersplenism, which can cause too few blood platelets. Liver cancer. End-stage liver failure, which means the liver has stopped working.

• #65 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a practical approach to diagnosis and staging | Frontline Gastroenterology

  https://fg.bmj.com/content/5/3/211

  Approximately 25-40% of patients with NASH will develop progressive liver fibrosis, ultimately resulting in cirrhosis in 20-30%. […] The development of cirrhosis due to NASH is associated with a poor long-term prognosis. […] In addition, subjects with NASH cirrhosis are at significant risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (2.6% per year). […] Patients with NASH have a worse prognosis and should be included in clinical trials of new treatments for this condition. […] Risk of NAFLD/NASH directly related to presence and severity of the metabolic syndrome. […] Simple steatosis carries benign prognosis. […] NASH carries poor prognosis with increased liver-related and cardiovascular mortality.

• #66 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  If nothing is done to stop the scarring, cirrhosis can lead to: Fluid buildup in the stomach area, called ascites. Swollen veins in your esophagus, or esophageal varices, which can rupture and bleed. Confusion, sleepiness and slurred speech, also called hepatic encephalopathy. Overactive spleen, or hypersplenism, which can cause too few blood platelets. Liver cancer. End-stage liver failure, which means the liver has stopped working.

• #67 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  If nothing is done to stop the scarring, cirrhosis can lead to: Fluid buildup in the stomach area, called ascites. Swollen veins in your esophagus, or esophageal varices, which can rupture and bleed. Confusion, sleepiness and slurred speech, also called hepatic encephalopathy. Overactive spleen, or hypersplenism, which can cause too few blood platelets. Liver cancer. End-stage liver failure, which means the liver has stopped working.

• #68 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  If nothing is done to stop the scarring, cirrhosis can lead to: Fluid buildup in the stomach area, called ascites. Swollen veins in your esophagus, or esophageal varices, which can rupture and bleed. Confusion, sleepiness and slurred speech, also called hepatic encephalopathy. Overactive spleen, or hypersplenism, which can cause too few blood platelets. Liver cancer. End-stage liver failure, which means the liver has stopped working.

• #69 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354567

  If nothing is done to stop the scarring, cirrhosis can lead to: Fluid buildup in the stomach area, called ascites. Swollen veins in your esophagus, or esophageal varices, which can rupture and bleed. Confusion, sleepiness and slurred speech, also called hepatic encephalopathy. Overactive spleen, or hypersplenism, which can cause too few blood platelets. Liver cancer. End-stage liver failure, which means the liver has stopped working.

• #70 Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Causes and Diagnoses

  https://patient.info/healthy-living/alcohol-and-liver-disease/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  The outlook (prognosis) for most people with NAFLD, is that the condition does not progress beyond simple fatty liver or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cirrhosis – a condition where normal liver tissue is replaced by a lot of scar tissue (fibrosis) – and serious liver problems do not develop in most cases. […] However, fatty liver does progress to NASH in some people and NASH progresses to cirrhosis in some people. It is not clear why some people with NASH (and not others) progress to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is very serious; it can lead to liver failure and may be fatal. […] It is estimated that, on average: About 2 in 100 people with simple fatty liver progress to cirrhosis over 15-20 years. About 12 in 100 people with NASH progress to cirrhosis over about eight years. […] So, most people with NAFLD do not develop serious liver disease. However, because NAFLD has become very common in recent years (probably because obesity has become much more common), NAFLD has become a common cause of cirrhosis.

• #71 Nonalcoholic fatty liver: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/312536

  In time, 10-25% of people with NASH develop scarring, known as cirrhosis, and liver failure. Symptoms of cirrhosis include: tiredness and weakness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, red patches on the palms of the hands, spider-like veins under the skin above the waist, pale or dark, tarry stools, dark urine, itching, jaundice, abdominal swelling and pain, due to a buildup of fluid, swelling of the ankles, feet, and legs, easy bleeding and bruising, changes to menstruation, enlarged breasts in males, swelling of the scrotum, loss of sexual desire, confusion, difficulty focusing, memory loss, and hallucinations, personality changes. […] Many people with fatty liver do not experience symptoms. However, up to 10% of people with NAFLD will develop cirrhosis. A person with cirrhosis may need a liver transplant. Cirrhosis is the third most common cause of death in the U.S. after cardiovascular disease and cancer. People with NAFLD and NASH may also have a higher risk of developing liver cancer.

• #72 NAFLD & NASH – Symptoms, Causes, Differences & Treatment Options PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  The goal of screening for NAFLD is to ensure adequate surveillance, offer treatment advice and decrease the chances of complications such as cryptogenic cirrhosis, hepatic transaminases, and cryptogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC – common type of primary liver cancer). […] In NAFL (Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver) people don’t develop any complications of liver. In NASH (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis) people may develop complications of liver that includes end-stage liver disease (ESLD), cirrhosis of the liver, hepatic encephalopathy, liver fibrosis, ascites, esophageal varices and liver cancer. […] NAFLD complications depends upon its type of condition. People with NAFLD are at higher risk of developing certain health condition, such as: Type 2 diabetes, Cardiovascular disease (CVD) – affecting the blood vessels or heart, Metabolic syndrome (high blood sugar, high blood pressure, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels).

• #73 Links between NAFLD/NASH and Cardiometabolic Syndrome

  https://www.ecrjournal.com/articles/navigating-link-between-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-diseasenon-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-and?language_content_entity=en

  The global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is nearly 25% and is increasing rapidly. The spectrum of liver damage in NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, characterised by the presence of lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, with or without fibrosis, which can further develop into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. […] Not only is NAFLD a progressive liver disease, but numerous pieces of evidence also point to extrahepatic consequences. […] Accumulating evidence suggests that patients with NAFLD are also at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); in fact, CVDs are the most common cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD. […] The natural course of the disease moves towards NASH and cirrhosis, implying that NAFLD will be the leading cause of liver transplantation in the coming years.

• #74 Links between NAFLD/NASH and Cardiometabolic Syndrome

  https://www.ecrjournal.com/articles/navigating-link-between-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-diseasenon-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-and?language_content_entity=en

  Furthermore, altered glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, which are also hallmarks of NAFLD, can further exacerbate CVD risk in patients with NAFLD. […] Although there is considerable evidence linking NAFLD to CVD, there are still unresolved questions regarding this relationship. […] The most important question is whether the association between the two conditions is due to shared risk factors (obesity or diabetes) or whether hepatic steatosis itself increases the risk of atherosclerosis. […] Therefore, there is increasing interest in identifying patient characteristics that can help predict the progression of these diseases; closer monitoring and the development of new biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis are needed to detect individuals at high cardiometabolic risk who are candidates for therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing the progression of NAFLD and atherosclerotic CVD.

• #75 Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_dysfunction%E2%80%93associated_steatotic_liver_disease

  The average progression rate from one stage of liver fibrosis to the next in those with MASH is estimated to be seven years. The course of progression varies with different clinical manifestations among individuals. […] The risk of cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver specific death and overall death is higher in those with MASH as compared to MASLD. […] In one study that examined people over 15 years, 11% of those with MASH developed cirrhosis as compared to less than 1% of people with MASLD. […] MASLD is a risk factor for fibrosis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes based on very-low to low-quality evidence from observational studies. […] Although MASLD can cause cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer, most deaths among people with MASLD are attributable to cardiovascular disease.

• #76 NAFLD & NASH – Symptoms, Causes, Differences & Treatment Options PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  The goal of screening for NAFLD is to ensure adequate surveillance, offer treatment advice and decrease the chances of complications such as cryptogenic cirrhosis, hepatic transaminases, and cryptogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC – common type of primary liver cancer). […] In NAFL (Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver) people don’t develop any complications of liver. In NASH (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis) people may develop complications of liver that includes end-stage liver disease (ESLD), cirrhosis of the liver, hepatic encephalopathy, liver fibrosis, ascites, esophageal varices and liver cancer. […] NAFLD complications depends upon its type of condition. People with NAFLD are at higher risk of developing certain health condition, such as: Type 2 diabetes, Cardiovascular disease (CVD) – affecting the blood vessels or heart, Metabolic syndrome (high blood sugar, high blood pressure, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels).

• #77 Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_dysfunction%E2%80%93associated_steatotic_liver_disease

  The average progression rate from one stage of liver fibrosis to the next in those with MASH is estimated to be seven years. The course of progression varies with different clinical manifestations among individuals. […] The risk of cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver specific death and overall death is higher in those with MASH as compared to MASLD. […] In one study that examined people over 15 years, 11% of those with MASH developed cirrhosis as compared to less than 1% of people with MASLD. […] MASLD is a risk factor for fibrosis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes based on very-low to low-quality evidence from observational studies. […] Although MASLD can cause cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer, most deaths among people with MASLD are attributable to cardiovascular disease.

• #78 Links between NAFLD/NASH and Cardiometabolic Syndrome

  https://www.ecrjournal.com/articles/navigating-link-between-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-diseasenon-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-and?language_content_entity=en

  Therefore, the clinical and economic burdens of NAFLD not only depend on liver-related mortality, but also extrahepatic diseases (e.g. type 2 diabetes) and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). […] In this sense, Stepanova et al. reported that patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) had a 40% increased risk of NASH, and a recent meta-analysis found that 71% of patients with NASH had MetS, 82% had obesity, 44% had diabetes and 72% had hyperlipidemia. […] Based on these findings, the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) that usually accompanies NAFLD may be responsible, in part, for the comorbidities, with the increased release of free fatty acids into the circulation leading to the development of hepatic insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis. […] Indeed, the alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism that lead to NAFLD also drive the development of atherogenic dyslipidaemia, especially elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol levels and small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles that infiltrate the arterial wall and promote the development of atherosclerotic plaques.

• #79 NAFLD & NASH – Symptoms, Causes, Differences & Treatment Options PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  The goal of screening for NAFLD is to ensure adequate surveillance, offer treatment advice and decrease the chances of complications such as cryptogenic cirrhosis, hepatic transaminases, and cryptogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC – common type of primary liver cancer). […] In NAFL (Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver) people don’t develop any complications of liver. In NASH (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis) people may develop complications of liver that includes end-stage liver disease (ESLD), cirrhosis of the liver, hepatic encephalopathy, liver fibrosis, ascites, esophageal varices and liver cancer. […] NAFLD complications depends upon its type of condition. People with NAFLD are at higher risk of developing certain health condition, such as: Type 2 diabetes, Cardiovascular disease (CVD) – affecting the blood vessels or heart, Metabolic syndrome (high blood sugar, high blood pressure, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels).

• #80 Links between NAFLD/NASH and Cardiometabolic Syndrome

  https://www.ecrjournal.com/articles/navigating-link-between-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-diseasenon-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-and?language_content_entity=en

  Several recent studies have reported that the risk of cardiovascular events (fatal and non-fatal) is increased in patients with NAFLD, with either simple steatosis or NASH, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. […] This suggests that NAFLD could enhance the risk already present because of the underlying cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia). […] Moreover, the risk of fatal cardiovascular events is increased in patients with severe NAFLD, and these events are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with NAFLD compared with other liver-related causes. […] In addition, the annual incidence of atherosclerotic CVD in patients with severe NAFLD has been estimated at around 1.1%, which, taking into account the increasing prevalence of NAFLD, is expected to grow notably in the coming years.

• #81 Links between NAFLD/NASH and Cardiometabolic Syndrome

  https://www.ecrjournal.com/articles/navigating-link-between-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-diseasenon-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-and?language_content_entity=en

  According to recent literature, NAFLD is an independent risk factor for the development of MI. […] This association appeared to be independent of a broad spectrum of risk factors, thus suggesting that NAFLD may confer an excess CVD risk over and above what would be expected because of the increased prevalence of the underlying metabolic risk factors. […] In summary, several lines of evidence support that genetic variants associated with NAFLD are linked to a decreased risk of CVD or, at the very least, do not increase susceptibility to CVD. […] The observed connection between fatty liver and cardiovascular complications in epidemiological studies is likely primarily mediated by dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, which are well-established risk factors for atherosclerosis.

• #82 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-nafld/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the term for a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver. Its usually seen in people who are overweight or obese. […] Early-stage NAFLD doesnt usually cause any harm, but it can lead to serious liver damage, including cirrhosis, if it gets worse. […] Most people will only ever develop the first stage, usually without realising it. In small number of cases it can progress and eventually lead to liver damage if not detected and managed. […] The main stages of NAFLD are: simple fatty liver (steatosis) a largely harmless build-up of fat in the liver cells that may only be diagnosed during tests carried out for another reason, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) a more serious form of NAFLD, where the liver has become inflamed; this is estimated to affect up to 5% of the UK population, fibrosis where persistent inflammation causes scar tissue around the liver and nearby blood vessels, but the liver is still able to function normally, cirrhosis the most severe stage, occurring after years of inflammation, where the liver shrinks and becomes scarred and lumpy; this damage is permanent and can lead to liver failure (where your liver stops working properly) and liver cancer.

• #83 The four stages of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

  https://www.liverhealthuk.com/post/the-four-stages-of-nafld

  The fourth stage of NAFLD is cirrhosis; At this stage, the liver stops working properly, and symptoms start to appear, such as yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes and a dull ache in the lower right side of the ribs. […] Most people with NAFLD have the early stage of the disease (simple fatty liver or steatosis) and only a small number develop the more serious stages. It can take several years for fibrosis or cirrhosis to develop. Although there are often no symptoms accompanying the early stages of NAFLD, it is important to think about the health of your liver.

• #84 Fatty liver to cirrhosis: Timeline explained

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/fatty-liver-to-cirrhosis-timeline

  Many factors influence a persons fatty liver to cirrhosis timeline. It may take several years for different types of fatty liver to turn into cirrhosis. […] Fatty liver disease is a condition where fat builds up in a persons liver. Some forms of fatty liver disease can lead to permanent liver damage, called cirrhosis. […] According to a 2021 article, in 35% of people with NAFLD, the condition may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with cirrhosis. […] It can take several years for a person with fatty liver to develop cirrhosis, depending on the cause. […] People with NAFLD may develop NASH and NAFLD-related cirrhosis over 36 years. […] NAFLD and AFLD may have few or no symptoms. […] People may have no cirrhosis symptoms until their liver has been severely damaged. […] It can take several years for a persons fatty liver to turn into cirrhosis. People with AFLD may develop cirrhosis after 10 years or more. NAFLD may cause a person to develop cirrhosis in fewer years.

• #85 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  If cirrhosis is not slowed or stopped, it can result in liver failure, which means your liver can no longer do its job. This may mean you’ll need a liver transplant. […] Even though the side effects of NAFLD often go unnoticed, if you have symptoms such as right-side abdominal pain, jaundice, or swelling, see a doctor as soon as you can. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, sticking to recommended lifestyle changes may be enough to preserve good liver health for a long time. You may even be able to reverse liver damage in the earliest stages of the disease. […] Even if you don’t feel any symptoms from NAFLD, that doesn’t mean liver scarring isn’t occurring. If you believe you may be at risk for developing this condition, your doctor can help you figure out if you need any additional testing done.

• #86

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ad1651

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the term for conditions in which fat builds up in the liver in people who drink little or no alcohol. […] Some have a more serious type called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The buildup of fat in the liver causes inflammation and damage. Over time, this can cause scarring of the liver, which can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. […] NAFLD usually doesn’t cause symptoms. It can be diagnosed with blood tests and imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be done. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight. Your symptoms get worse.

• #87 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Symptoms & More

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/liver-cancer/risk-factors/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition that develops when fat builds up inside the liver beyond the normal amount (about 5 percent to 10 percent of its weight). Over time, excess fat may harm the liver, which may be a risk factor for developing liver cancer. […] Patients can have NAFLD and not know because it doesn’t always cause symptoms. When they do occur, the patient may experience some fatigue and pain on the right side of the upper abdomen, especially if the liver is enlarged. […] As it progresses, the patient may have: Weight loss, Fluid in the stomach, Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), Itchiness. […] Signs and symptoms of cirrhosis include: Fatigue and weakness, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Weight loss, Swelling, Jaundice.

• #88

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ad1651

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the term for conditions in which fat builds up in the liver in people who drink little or no alcohol. […] Some have a more serious type called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The buildup of fat in the liver causes inflammation and damage. Over time, this can cause scarring of the liver, which can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. […] NAFLD usually doesn’t cause symptoms. It can be diagnosed with blood tests and imaging tests, such as a CT scan, an ultrasound, or an MRI. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be done. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: Your belly is getting bigger. You are gaining weight. Your symptoms get worse.

• #89 NAFLD & NASH – Symptoms, Causes, Differences & Treatment Options PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Many people typically develop any type of NAFLD with having no symptoms; most of the time it is diagnosed by a healthcare professional or doctors by doing investigations for abnormal laboratory results or imaging test of the abdomen for unrelated problems. […] In order to help people with this condition, doctor identify people those who all are at risk and offers advice on how to manage the condition before significant liver damage occurs. NAFLD is a condition that can be treated and often managed with lifestyle changes. […] Many people with NAFLD do not have any symptoms, but in those who do, these are usually non-specific such as: Mild fatigue, Discomfort or pain in upper right abdomen. […] Over the years, the presence of fat can trigger inflammation of the liver, which can lead to the formation of scar tissue. In an advanced state, the amount of scar tissue in the liver can reach a level called cirrhosis of the liver, which refers to the precise appearance of the scar tissue, liver fibrosis and its degree. In patients with NASH and cirrhosis of the liver can eventually lead to the appearance of signs and symptoms such as: Increased fatigue, Buildup of fluid in the abdomen (ascites), Confusion (encephalopathy), A decreased or loss of appetite, Bleeding easily or bruising (Ecchymosis), Nausea (an uneasiness of the stomach), Edema (Swelling in your feet, ankles or feet), Unexplained weight loss, Yellow discoloration in the skin and eyes (jaundice), Esophageal varices – enlarged or swollen veins in the esophagus that can cause vomiting of blood, bloody or black tar-like stool.

• #90 Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/n/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash.html

  Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is caused by buildup of fat in the liver. When this buildup causes inflammation and damage, it is known as NASH, which can lead to scarring of the liver. Scarring of the liver is a potentially life-threatening condition called cirrhosis. […] There are often no outward signs or symptoms associated with NASH. The most common symptoms are: Fatigue, Pain in the upper right abdomen (usually mild). […] NASH may lead to cirrhosis of the liver, causing one or more of the following symptoms as the condition progresses: Bleeding easily, Bruising easily, Itchy skin, Yellow discoloration in the skin and eyes (jaundice), Fluid accumulation in your abdomen, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Swelling in your legs, Confusion, Drowsiness, Slurred speech, Spider-like blood vessels on your skin. […] While there is no standard treatment for patients NASH, lifestyle changes have been shown to affect its progression. This may include losing weight, maintaining a healthy diet, or addressing underlying conditions such as hypothyroidism and diabetes.

• #91 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/liver-diseases/fatty-liver-disease-non-alcoholic

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) happens when fat builds up in the liver of individuals who dont drink much alcohol. […] A person with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has fat deposits inside the liver, which can cause inflammation, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). If not treated, NAFLD can progress to liver cirrhosis, leading to a liver transplant if the damage is too severe. […] NAFLD is often silent and provides few signs or symptoms in the early stages. When patients with NAFLD have symptoms, right-sided abdominal pain and fatigue are the most common ones observed. […] If NAFLD progresses to cirrhosis, the following symptoms may occur: Nausea, Abdominal pain, Confusion, Fluid buildup in the abdomen, Easy bruising or bleeding, Weight loss, Weakness or fatigue, Loss of appetite, Pale stools, Swelling in the legs, Weblike blood vessels under the skin, Breast enlargement in men, Itchy skin, Jaundice, Dark-colored urine. […] Some individuals with NAFLD develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more aggressive form of fatty liver disease characterized by liver inflammation that can progress to advanced liver tissue scarring called cirrhosis and liver failure.

• #92 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007657.htm

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the buildup of fat in the liver that is not caused by drinking too much alcohol. People who have it do not have a history of heavy drinking. NAFLD is usually but not always related to being overweight. […] For many people, NAFLD causes no symptoms or problems. A more severe form of the disease is called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can cause cirrhosis and liver failure. It can also cause liver cancer. […] People with NAFLD often have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, the most common include: Fatigue, Pain in the upper right abdomen. […] In people with NASH who have liver damage (cirrhosis), symptoms may include: Weakness, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice), Itching, Fluid buildup and swelling in the legs and abdomen, Mental confusion, GI bleeding.

• #93 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  Children with NAFLD often do not have any obvious symptoms. As NAFLD gets worse, symptoms may include: […] Jaundice (yellowish skin and eyes), bleeding, bruising, fever, swollen legs or a painful, swollen abdomen are usually late signs of advanced liver disease and are rarely seen in NAFLD in children. […] Most cases of NAFLD are due to obesity or being overweight. […] Advanced NAFLD (NASH) can cause serious complications.

• #94 Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): What Is It and Am I at Risk? | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/2023/06/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash-what-it-and-am-i-risk

  The tricky thing about NASH is that people who have it typically have few or no symptoms, which often results in a late diagnosis when the liver is already seriously damaged. […] As NASH progresses, you may experience: Unexplained weight loss, Fatigue, Weakness, Aching in the upper right abdomen. […] Warning signs that indicate more advanced stages of the disease include: Jaundice, Abdominal swelling or distention, Confusion, Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. […] It can take years for NASH to get severe enough to cause symptoms. […] If you receive a NASH diagnosis, your quality of life will be based on your current level of liver damage. […] If you develop advanced scarring, known as cirrhosis, it can have an impact on your quality of life. If NASH cirrhosis is diagnosed early, the life expectancy is about 10 to 15 years. However, if you develop complications such as swelling or fluid in the abdomen, confusion, or bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, life expectancy decreases dramatically to three to five years without a liver transplant.

• #95 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007657.htm

  Many people with NAFLD have no health problems and do not go on to develop NASH. Losing weight and making healthy lifestyle choices can help prevent more serious problems. […] It is unclear why some people develop NASH. NASH can lead to cirrhosis. […] Most people with NAFLD do not know they have it. See your provider if you begin to have unusual symptoms such as fatigue or abdominal pain.

• #96 Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22437-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  MASLD may not cause symptoms. […] You can have it without having symptoms. […] You may not notice changes in your body unless you develop MASH (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis). […] Some people with MASH have symptoms like: An ache in your upper right abdomen, where your liver is; Extreme fatigue and weakness; Loss of appetite; Swollen belly; Unexpected weight loss; Yellowing of your skin and eyes (scleral icterus). […] MASLD develops over several years. […] Without treatment, MASLD can cause more serious liver diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment can keep MASLD from getting worse. […] Yes, but that depends on your situation. In general, treatment can reverse MASLD unless you have MASH-related cirrhosis. […] Taking steps, like losing weight, may reverse the impact MASLD has on your liver.

• #97 Steatotic (Fatty) Liver Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15831-fatty-liver-disease

  SLD has multiple causes. Still, you’re more likely to develop SLD if you have a cardiometabolic risk factor, if you consume unhealthy amounts of alcohol or both. […] Depending on the severity of your condition, it’s possible to get rid of SLD and even some scarring. Your liver has an amazing ability to repair itself. If you follow your providers treatment plan, it’s possible to reduce liver fat and inflammation. You can prevent the damage from worsening and, in some cases, reverse early liver damage.

• #98

  https://www.mtmlaboratory.com/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-symptoms-risks-and-management

  Effective management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) focuses on halting or reversing the accumulation of fat in the liver, improving liver function, and preventing the progression to more serious liver damage. […] Lifestyle changes are the foundation of prevention and management for NAFLD. They include: Diet: Consuming a healthy diet that’s rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains can help. It’s advised to reduce intake of saturated fats, trans fats, and refined carbohydrates. […] Losing weight gradually, aiming for a loss of 3%-5% of body weight to reduce liver fat, and a 7%-10% reduction to potentially improve liver inflammation. […] Regular physical activity is recommended, including both aerobic and resistance training exercises to aid weight loss and improve metabolic health.

• #99 MASLD, NAFLD and fatty liver disease – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/masld-nafld-and-fatty-liver-disease/

  There are often no specific symptoms, even if the disease is at a later stage. You may not show any symptoms for many years. If you have MASLD or NAFLD you may have: […] If you develop any of the following symptoms tell a doctor straight away: […] Cirrhosis can lead to life-threatening conditions including liver cancer and liver failure. […] The main treatment is eating a healthy diet, being more physically active and (if needed) losing weight. This might seem like very general advice, but these steps all reduce liver fat and inflammation. For example, for people who are overweight, evidence shows losing 5 to 10% of their bodyweight can stop and sometimes even reverse liver damage. […] Whatever your weight, eating healthily and being more physically active can each help reduce liver fat and improve fatty liver disease. For most people these are the best ways to lose weight, if you need to. […] Reducing liver fat takes away the root cause of fatty liver disease. By doing this, you reduce the strain on your liver and give it a chance to repair itself. Research shows all 3 of these things can slow, stop and even reverse MASLD and NAFLD.

• #100 Five Things You Should Know About Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | NYU Langone News

  https://nyulangone.org/news/five-things-you-should-know-about-nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  A precise diagnosis for NAFLD is elusive, and screening for it is challenging. The dilemma, explains Dr. Jacobson, is that liver disease rarely exhibits any specific symptoms until the damage is done. […] An elevation of liver enzymes, however slight, is often the first sign that the patient has a liver condition. […] While patients tend to focus on reversing NAFLD, Dr. Jacobson emphasizes that as long as the disease is detected early enough, it doesnt need to be curedjust stopped in its tracks. […] For patients who are overweight or obese, weight loss is central to managing the disease. Trimming body weight by as little as 3 percent can decrease the degree of fat deposition in the liver, a 5 percent to 7 percent loss can reduce inflammation, and a 10 percent drop can actually start to reverse scarring, he explains. […] Developing a singularly effective medication for NAFLD has been challenging because the disease is rooted in multiple underlying mechanisms, both genetic and environmental. Still, researchers could be on the verge of a breakthrough.

• #101 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/digestive-and-liver-health/fatty-liver-disease-non-alcoholic

  Active research is ongoing, but for now there are no FDA approved medications specifically for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH. However, studies have shown that both fat, inflammation and scar tissue can leave your liver. This means that NAFLD and NASH can be reversible. […] Improving liver fat and inflammation is possible when people lose weight and/or modify their lifestyle. This is the first line treatment for NAFLD/NASH. […] Patients with NASH diagnosed with a liver biopsy and who do not have diabetes, significant heart disease or cirrhosis will sometimes be asked to start Vitamin E as this is thought to help reduce liver inflammation. […] Moderate or heavy alcohol use can cause additional damage and fat accumulation in the liver in people with NAFLD. Therefore, patients with NAFLD should avoid alcohol entirely if possible.

• #102 Steatotic (Fatty) Liver Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15831-fatty-liver-disease

  SLD has multiple causes. Still, you’re more likely to develop SLD if you have a cardiometabolic risk factor, if you consume unhealthy amounts of alcohol or both. […] Depending on the severity of your condition, it’s possible to get rid of SLD and even some scarring. Your liver has an amazing ability to repair itself. If you follow your providers treatment plan, it’s possible to reduce liver fat and inflammation. You can prevent the damage from worsening and, in some cases, reverse early liver damage.

• #103 Fatty Liver Disease: Nonalcoholic and Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NAFLD/AFLD)

  https://www.webmd.com/fatty-liver-disease/fatty-liver-disease

  With ALD and MASLD, there are usually no symptoms. Some people may have signs such as tiredness or pain in the upper right side of the belly where your liver is. […] If you have MASH or get cirrhosis, you may have symptoms such as swollen belly, enlarged blood vessels underneath your skin, larger-than-normal breasts in men, red palms, skin and eyes that appear yellowish, due to a condition called jaundice, nausea, weight loss, or loss of appetite, tiredness or mental confusion, abnormal liver function tests. […] The main complications for all these conditions are cirrhosis and an increased risk of liver cancer. […] If cirrhosis is diagnosed early, you could live another 10 to 15 years. If it is diagnosed late or you have complications, like swelling or fluid in your belly or bleeding in the gut, your life expectancy could be 3 to 5 years unless you get a liver transplant.

• #104 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Metabolic, Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Risk Factors

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/10/5227

  NASH, on the other hand, is characterized by steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, lobular inflammation, and often fibrosis. […] The number of patients in the general population with NAFLD who develop NASH is unknown, but it is greater than 10% of the overall NAFLD population. […] However, a proportion of patients with NAFLD and normal body mass index (BMI) represent the already known lean or non-obese NAFLD. […] Even if lean NAFLD individuals can present moderate metabolic alterations, they are at risk of progressing to NASH and advanced fibrosis. […] The prevalence of NAFLD evolves in parallel with obesity and varies among countries and ethnicities. […] While patients with NAFL have similar life expectancy than the general population, NASH patients have a lower survival, mainly due to cardiovascular causes and the progression of liver damage.

• #105 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Common Questions and Answers on Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/1115/p603.html

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease in the United States, affecting up to 30% of adults. […] Although NAFLD is common and typically asymptomatic, screening is not currently recommended, even in high-risk patients. NAFLD should be suspected in patients with elevated liver enzymes or hepatic steatosis on abdominal imaging that are found incidentally. […] NAFL typically follows an indolent course, whereas patients with NASH are at higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and end-stage liver disease. […] Except in late-stage disease when patients may have manifestations of overt hepatic insufficiency, there are no typical or characteristic symptoms of NAFLD. Rather, patients are often asymptomatic, and elevated liver enzymes or evidence of hepatic steatosis is incidentally found on testing performed for unrelated reasons. […] Most patients with NAFL will have a benign, nonprogressive disease course. Only 20% develop NASH, and 20% of those with NASH develop cirrhosis. Patients with a higher degree of fibrosis have a higher risk of death, mainly from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and end-stage liver disease.

• #106 Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): What Is It and Am I at Risk? | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/2023/06/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash-what-it-and-am-i-risk

  The tricky thing about NASH is that people who have it typically have few or no symptoms, which often results in a late diagnosis when the liver is already seriously damaged. […] As NASH progresses, you may experience: Unexplained weight loss, Fatigue, Weakness, Aching in the upper right abdomen. […] Warning signs that indicate more advanced stages of the disease include: Jaundice, Abdominal swelling or distention, Confusion, Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. […] It can take years for NASH to get severe enough to cause symptoms. […] If you receive a NASH diagnosis, your quality of life will be based on your current level of liver damage. […] If you develop advanced scarring, known as cirrhosis, it can have an impact on your quality of life. If NASH cirrhosis is diagnosed early, the life expectancy is about 10 to 15 years. However, if you develop complications such as swelling or fluid in the abdomen, confusion, or bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, life expectancy decreases dramatically to three to five years without a liver transplant.

• #107 Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): What Is It and Am I at Risk? | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/2023/06/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash-what-it-and-am-i-risk

  The tricky thing about NASH is that people who have it typically have few or no symptoms, which often results in a late diagnosis when the liver is already seriously damaged. […] As NASH progresses, you may experience: Unexplained weight loss, Fatigue, Weakness, Aching in the upper right abdomen. […] Warning signs that indicate more advanced stages of the disease include: Jaundice, Abdominal swelling or distention, Confusion, Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. […] It can take years for NASH to get severe enough to cause symptoms. […] If you receive a NASH diagnosis, your quality of life will be based on your current level of liver damage. […] If you develop advanced scarring, known as cirrhosis, it can have an impact on your quality of life. If NASH cirrhosis is diagnosed early, the life expectancy is about 10 to 15 years. However, if you develop complications such as swelling or fluid in the abdomen, confusion, or bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, life expectancy decreases dramatically to three to five years without a liver transplant.

• #108 Fatty Liver Disease: Nonalcoholic and Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NAFLD/AFLD)

  https://www.webmd.com/fatty-liver-disease/fatty-liver-disease

  With ALD and MASLD, there are usually no symptoms. Some people may have signs such as tiredness or pain in the upper right side of the belly where your liver is. […] If you have MASH or get cirrhosis, you may have symptoms such as swollen belly, enlarged blood vessels underneath your skin, larger-than-normal breasts in men, red palms, skin and eyes that appear yellowish, due to a condition called jaundice, nausea, weight loss, or loss of appetite, tiredness or mental confusion, abnormal liver function tests. […] The main complications for all these conditions are cirrhosis and an increased risk of liver cancer. […] If cirrhosis is diagnosed early, you could live another 10 to 15 years. If it is diagnosed late or you have complications, like swelling or fluid in your belly or bleeding in the gut, your life expectancy could be 3 to 5 years unless you get a liver transplant.

• #109 Fatty Liver-to-Cirrhosis Timeline

  https://www.webmd.com/fatty-liver-disease/fatty-liver-to-cirrhosis-timeline

  Once your fatty liver progresses to MASH or cirrhosis, your liver may not be able to work properly. When that happens, you may have the above symptoms, along with: Itchy skin, Muscle tiredness or weakness, Feeling sick to your stomach or throwing up, Belly swelling due to fluid buildup (ascites), Blood vessels you can see beneath your skin, Red palms, Feeling like you cant catch your breath. […] If you get cirrhosis, your liver may stop working. This is called end-stage liver disease. You’ll need a liver transplant if this happens. […] About 3% to 5% of people with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) eventually get cirrhosis. This includes around 20% of people with MASH, those with fatty liver who already have moderate to advanced liver inflammation or scarring.

• #110 Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): What Is It and Am I at Risk? | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/2023/06/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash-what-it-and-am-i-risk

  The tricky thing about NASH is that people who have it typically have few or no symptoms, which often results in a late diagnosis when the liver is already seriously damaged. […] As NASH progresses, you may experience: Unexplained weight loss, Fatigue, Weakness, Aching in the upper right abdomen. […] Warning signs that indicate more advanced stages of the disease include: Jaundice, Abdominal swelling or distention, Confusion, Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. […] It can take years for NASH to get severe enough to cause symptoms. […] If you receive a NASH diagnosis, your quality of life will be based on your current level of liver damage. […] If you develop advanced scarring, known as cirrhosis, it can have an impact on your quality of life. If NASH cirrhosis is diagnosed early, the life expectancy is about 10 to 15 years. However, if you develop complications such as swelling or fluid in the abdomen, confusion, or bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, life expectancy decreases dramatically to three to five years without a liver transplant.

• #111 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the United States. Sometimes referred to as „fatty liver disease,” it is actually a range of diseases that all begin when excess fat gets deposited in the liver. […] As the disease becomes more severe, inflammation or irritation of the liver occurs and then scar tissue (fibrosis) develops. The disease is then referred to as NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). […] If the scar tissue is extensive, cirrhosis develops and the liver may function poorly. […] NAFLD affects approximately 30 million people, 8.6 million of whom have the more severe form of the disease, NASH. NAFLD affects almost 10% of all children in the United States. […] Most commonly, children with NAFLD don’t show any symptoms. In these cases, a doctor may notice abnormal blood tests during a routine well-child check up. Some children experience right sided abdominal pain, fatigue or constipation. […] During the exam, doctors may find obesity, especially a large waist area, an enlarged liver, signs of insulin resistance called acanthosis nigricans, a dark discoloration on the back of the neck and armpits, or the exam may be completely normal.

• #112 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the United States. Sometimes referred to as „fatty liver disease,” it is actually a range of diseases that all begin when excess fat gets deposited in the liver. […] As the disease becomes more severe, inflammation or irritation of the liver occurs and then scar tissue (fibrosis) develops. The disease is then referred to as NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). […] If the scar tissue is extensive, cirrhosis develops and the liver may function poorly. […] NAFLD affects approximately 30 million people, 8.6 million of whom have the more severe form of the disease, NASH. NAFLD affects almost 10% of all children in the United States. […] Most commonly, children with NAFLD don’t show any symptoms. In these cases, a doctor may notice abnormal blood tests during a routine well-child check up. Some children experience right sided abdominal pain, fatigue or constipation. […] During the exam, doctors may find obesity, especially a large waist area, an enlarged liver, signs of insulin resistance called acanthosis nigricans, a dark discoloration on the back of the neck and armpits, or the exam may be completely normal.

• #113 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the United States. Sometimes referred to as „fatty liver disease,” it is actually a range of diseases that all begin when excess fat gets deposited in the liver. […] As the disease becomes more severe, inflammation or irritation of the liver occurs and then scar tissue (fibrosis) develops. The disease is then referred to as NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). […] If the scar tissue is extensive, cirrhosis develops and the liver may function poorly. […] NAFLD affects approximately 30 million people, 8.6 million of whom have the more severe form of the disease, NASH. NAFLD affects almost 10% of all children in the United States. […] Most commonly, children with NAFLD don’t show any symptoms. In these cases, a doctor may notice abnormal blood tests during a routine well-child check up. Some children experience right sided abdominal pain, fatigue or constipation. […] During the exam, doctors may find obesity, especially a large waist area, an enlarged liver, signs of insulin resistance called acanthosis nigricans, a dark discoloration on the back of the neck and armpits, or the exam may be completely normal.

• #114 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the United States. Sometimes referred to as „fatty liver disease,” it is actually a range of diseases that all begin when excess fat gets deposited in the liver. […] As the disease becomes more severe, inflammation or irritation of the liver occurs and then scar tissue (fibrosis) develops. The disease is then referred to as NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). […] If the scar tissue is extensive, cirrhosis develops and the liver may function poorly. […] NAFLD affects approximately 30 million people, 8.6 million of whom have the more severe form of the disease, NASH. NAFLD affects almost 10% of all children in the United States. […] Most commonly, children with NAFLD don’t show any symptoms. In these cases, a doctor may notice abnormal blood tests during a routine well-child check up. Some children experience right sided abdominal pain, fatigue or constipation. […] During the exam, doctors may find obesity, especially a large waist area, an enlarged liver, signs of insulin resistance called acanthosis nigricans, a dark discoloration on the back of the neck and armpits, or the exam may be completely normal.

• #115 Fatty Liver Disease | Children’s Liver Disease Foundation

  https://childliverdisease.org/liver-information/childhood-liver-conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  If fatty liver disease is found and managed early, it is possible to reduce the amount of fat in the liver. This can slow down, or even stop, liver damage. It will also allow the liver to recover. […] It is rare for children and young people to develop or present with advanced liver disease (cirrhosis). But it is important to manage the condition early to make sure they do not develop cirrhosis as adults.

• #116 Fatty Liver Disease | Children’s Liver Disease Foundation

  https://childliverdisease.org/liver-information/childhood-liver-conditions/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  If fatty liver disease is found and managed early, it is possible to reduce the amount of fat in the liver. This can slow down, or even stop, liver damage. It will also allow the liver to recover. […] It is rare for children and young people to develop or present with advanced liver disease (cirrhosis). But it is important to manage the condition early to make sure they do not develop cirrhosis as adults.

• #117 Fatty liver disease A practical guide for GPs

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2013/july/fatty-liver-disease

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), encompassing both simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), is the most common cause of liver disease in Australia. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis is more common in the presence of diabetes, obesity, older age and increased inflammation, and is more likely to progress to cirrhosis. […] The risk of developing cirrhosis is higher in the presence of NASH, which is more likely in the presence of the following features: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30 kg/m2), age more than 50 years, serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) more than two times the upper limit of normal. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis cirrhosis probably accounts for the vast majority of what was previously described as cryptogenic cirrhosis.

• #118 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a buildup of excessive fat in the liver that can lead to liver damage resembling the damage caused by alcohol abuse, but that occurs in people who do not drink heavily. […] The fat deposits in the liver associated with NAFLD usually cause no symptoms, although they may cause increased levels of liver enzymes that are detected in routine blood tests. Some affected individuals have abdominal pain or fatigue. During a physical examination, the liver may be found to be slightly enlarged. […] Between 7 and 30 percent of people with NAFLD develop inflammation of the liver (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, also known as NASH), leading to liver damage. […] Signs and symptoms of cirrhosis, which get worse as fibrosis affects more of the liver, include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, swelling (edema), and yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice).

• #119 Fatty liver disease A practical guide for GPs

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2013/july/fatty-liver-disease

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), encompassing both simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), is the most common cause of liver disease in Australia. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis is more common in the presence of diabetes, obesity, older age and increased inflammation, and is more likely to progress to cirrhosis. […] The risk of developing cirrhosis is higher in the presence of NASH, which is more likely in the presence of the following features: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity (body mass index [BMI] 30 kg/m2), age more than 50 years, serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) more than two times the upper limit of normal. […] Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis cirrhosis probably accounts for the vast majority of what was previously described as cryptogenic cirrhosis.

• #120 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  NAFLD is most common in middle-aged or older people, although younger people, including children, are also affected. […] NAFLD is a very common disorder, occurring in about 25 percent of the global population. Its prevalence is increasing along with the rising prevalence of obesity in industrialized societies, and it is now the most common chronic liver disorder in Western countries, including the United States. […] At least one-third of people with NASH eventually develop cirrhosis. People with NAFLD, NASH, and cirrhosis are also at increased risk of developing liver cancer (hepatocellular cancer).

• #121 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/

  NAFLD is most common in middle-aged or older people, although younger people, including children, are also affected. […] NAFLD is a very common disorder, occurring in about 25 percent of the global population. Its prevalence is increasing along with the rising prevalence of obesity in industrialized societies, and it is now the most common chronic liver disorder in Western countries, including the United States. […] At least one-third of people with NASH eventually develop cirrhosis. People with NAFLD, NASH, and cirrhosis are also at increased risk of developing liver cancer (hepatocellular cancer).

• #122 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Metabolic, Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Risk Factors

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/10/5227

  NASH, on the other hand, is characterized by steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, lobular inflammation, and often fibrosis. […] The number of patients in the general population with NAFLD who develop NASH is unknown, but it is greater than 10% of the overall NAFLD population. […] However, a proportion of patients with NAFLD and normal body mass index (BMI) represent the already known lean or non-obese NAFLD. […] Even if lean NAFLD individuals can present moderate metabolic alterations, they are at risk of progressing to NASH and advanced fibrosis. […] The prevalence of NAFLD evolves in parallel with obesity and varies among countries and ethnicities. […] While patients with NAFL have similar life expectancy than the general population, NASH patients have a lower survival, mainly due to cardiovascular causes and the progression of liver damage.

• #123 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Metabolic, Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Risk Factors

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/10/5227

  NASH, on the other hand, is characterized by steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, lobular inflammation, and often fibrosis. […] The number of patients in the general population with NAFLD who develop NASH is unknown, but it is greater than 10% of the overall NAFLD population. […] However, a proportion of patients with NAFLD and normal body mass index (BMI) represent the already known lean or non-obese NAFLD. […] Even if lean NAFLD individuals can present moderate metabolic alterations, they are at risk of progressing to NASH and advanced fibrosis. […] The prevalence of NAFLD evolves in parallel with obesity and varies among countries and ethnicities. […] While patients with NAFL have similar life expectancy than the general population, NASH patients have a lower survival, mainly due to cardiovascular causes and the progression of liver damage.

• #124 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss | BMC Endocrine Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12902-022-00980-1

  NAFLD is becoming more common chronic liver disease in Western industrialized countries, particularly in patients with central obesity, T2DM, dyslipidaemia, and metabolic syndrome. […] Patients with NAFLD often have one or more components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) like systemic hypertension, dyslipidaemia, Insulin resistance, or overt diabetes. […] The majority of the patients with NAFLD do not experience any symptoms, however some of them may complain of fatigue, right upper quadrant discomfort, hepatomegaly, acanthosis nigricans, and lipomatosis. […] A significant amount of patients with cirrhosis can be present themselves with end-stage liver disease. […] Very often a diagnosis like NASH or NAFLD is discovered due to abnormal liver function tests such as aminotransferases (ALT and AST) or incidental finding of hepatic steatosis on radiologic abdominal finding.

• #125 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Metabolic, Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Risk Factors

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/10/5227

  NASH, on the other hand, is characterized by steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, lobular inflammation, and often fibrosis. […] The number of patients in the general population with NAFLD who develop NASH is unknown, but it is greater than 10% of the overall NAFLD population. […] However, a proportion of patients with NAFLD and normal body mass index (BMI) represent the already known lean or non-obese NAFLD. […] Even if lean NAFLD individuals can present moderate metabolic alterations, they are at risk of progressing to NASH and advanced fibrosis. […] The prevalence of NAFLD evolves in parallel with obesity and varies among countries and ethnicities. […] While patients with NAFL have similar life expectancy than the general population, NASH patients have a lower survival, mainly due to cardiovascular causes and the progression of liver damage.

• #126 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Metabolic, Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Risk Factors

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/10/5227

  The prevalence trend observed in Europeans is calculated at 23.71%, similar to the USA, and there is evidence that points toward an increasing gradient from the south to the north of Europe. […] Despite the literature concerning NAFLD being abundant as it can be diagnosed by non-invasive methods, the precise prevalence of NASH in the general population remains unknown as it requires confirmatory liver biopsy. […] Therefore, only a small proportion of subjects with NAFLD develop NASH with a consequent higher risk of complications such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). […] The contribution of all these factors can be followed in detail in Figure 1 and, together with the genetic and epigenetic background, will be the topics addressed in this review.

• #127 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Metabolic, Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Risk Factors

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/10/5227

  NASH, on the other hand, is characterized by steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, lobular inflammation, and often fibrosis. […] The number of patients in the general population with NAFLD who develop NASH is unknown, but it is greater than 10% of the overall NAFLD population. […] However, a proportion of patients with NAFLD and normal body mass index (BMI) represent the already known lean or non-obese NAFLD. […] Even if lean NAFLD individuals can present moderate metabolic alterations, they are at risk of progressing to NASH and advanced fibrosis. […] The prevalence of NAFLD evolves in parallel with obesity and varies among countries and ethnicities. […] While patients with NAFL have similar life expectancy than the general population, NASH patients have a lower survival, mainly due to cardiovascular causes and the progression of liver damage.

• #128 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Common Questions and Answers on Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/1115/p603.html

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease in the United States, affecting up to 30% of adults. […] Although NAFLD is common and typically asymptomatic, screening is not currently recommended, even in high-risk patients. NAFLD should be suspected in patients with elevated liver enzymes or hepatic steatosis on abdominal imaging that are found incidentally. […] NAFL typically follows an indolent course, whereas patients with NASH are at higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and end-stage liver disease. […] Except in late-stage disease when patients may have manifestations of overt hepatic insufficiency, there are no typical or characteristic symptoms of NAFLD. Rather, patients are often asymptomatic, and elevated liver enzymes or evidence of hepatic steatosis is incidentally found on testing performed for unrelated reasons. […] Most patients with NAFL will have a benign, nonprogressive disease course. Only 20% develop NASH, and 20% of those with NASH develop cirrhosis. Patients with a higher degree of fibrosis have a higher risk of death, mainly from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and end-stage liver disease.

• #129 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss | BMC Endocrine Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12902-022-00980-1

  NAFLD is becoming more common chronic liver disease in Western industrialized countries, particularly in patients with central obesity, T2DM, dyslipidaemia, and metabolic syndrome. […] Patients with NAFLD often have one or more components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) like systemic hypertension, dyslipidaemia, Insulin resistance, or overt diabetes. […] The majority of the patients with NAFLD do not experience any symptoms, however some of them may complain of fatigue, right upper quadrant discomfort, hepatomegaly, acanthosis nigricans, and lipomatosis. […] A significant amount of patients with cirrhosis can be present themselves with end-stage liver disease. […] Very often a diagnosis like NASH or NAFLD is discovered due to abnormal liver function tests such as aminotransferases (ALT and AST) or incidental finding of hepatic steatosis on radiologic abdominal finding.

• #130 Nonalcoholic fatty liver, Red Wing – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/red-wing/services-and-treatments/gastroenterology-and-hepatology/digestive-disorders/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease

  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a term for a range of liver conditions. As the name implies, the main characteristic of NAFLD is too much fat stored in liver cells. […] Some individuals with NAFLD can develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) — an aggressive form of fatty liver disease, which is marked by liver inflammation and may progress to advanced scarring (cirrhosis) and liver failure. This damage is similar to the damage caused by heavy alcohol use. […] NAFLD usually causes no signs and symptoms unless cirrhosis is present, including: Abdominal swelling, Lower extremity swelling (edema), Impaired mental abilities (memory, attention, concentration), Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), Dark urine, Itching (pruritus). […] It is difficult to distinguish NAFLD from NASH without further testing.

• #131 NAFLD & NASH – Symptoms, Causes, Differences & Treatment Options PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  The goal of screening for NAFLD is to ensure adequate surveillance, offer treatment advice and decrease the chances of complications such as cryptogenic cirrhosis, hepatic transaminases, and cryptogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC – common type of primary liver cancer). […] In NAFL (Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver) people don’t develop any complications of liver. In NASH (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis) people may develop complications of liver that includes end-stage liver disease (ESLD), cirrhosis of the liver, hepatic encephalopathy, liver fibrosis, ascites, esophageal varices and liver cancer. […] NAFLD complications depends upon its type of condition. People with NAFLD are at higher risk of developing certain health condition, such as: Type 2 diabetes, Cardiovascular disease (CVD) – affecting the blood vessels or heart, Metabolic syndrome (high blood sugar, high blood pressure, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels).

• #132 Links between NAFLD/NASH and Cardiometabolic Syndrome

  https://www.ecrjournal.com/articles/navigating-link-between-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-diseasenon-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-and?language_content_entity=en

  According to recent literature, NAFLD is an independent risk factor for the development of MI. […] This association appeared to be independent of a broad spectrum of risk factors, thus suggesting that NAFLD may confer an excess CVD risk over and above what would be expected because of the increased prevalence of the underlying metabolic risk factors. […] In summary, several lines of evidence support that genetic variants associated with NAFLD are linked to a decreased risk of CVD or, at the very least, do not increase susceptibility to CVD. […] The observed connection between fatty liver and cardiovascular complications in epidemiological studies is likely primarily mediated by dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, which are well-established risk factors for atherosclerosis.

• #133 MASLD, NAFLD and fatty liver disease – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/masld-nafld-and-fatty-liver-disease/

  There are often no specific symptoms, even if the disease is at a later stage. You may not show any symptoms for many years. If you have MASLD or NAFLD you may have: […] If you develop any of the following symptoms tell a doctor straight away: […] Cirrhosis can lead to life-threatening conditions including liver cancer and liver failure. […] The main treatment is eating a healthy diet, being more physically active and (if needed) losing weight. This might seem like very general advice, but these steps all reduce liver fat and inflammation. For example, for people who are overweight, evidence shows losing 5 to 10% of their bodyweight can stop and sometimes even reverse liver damage. […] Whatever your weight, eating healthily and being more physically active can each help reduce liver fat and improve fatty liver disease. For most people these are the best ways to lose weight, if you need to. […] Reducing liver fat takes away the root cause of fatty liver disease. By doing this, you reduce the strain on your liver and give it a chance to repair itself. Research shows all 3 of these things can slow, stop and even reverse MASLD and NAFLD.

• #134 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss | BMC Endocrine Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12902-022-00980-1

  NAFLD is becoming more common chronic liver disease in Western industrialized countries, particularly in patients with central obesity, T2DM, dyslipidaemia, and metabolic syndrome. […] Patients with NAFLD often have one or more components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) like systemic hypertension, dyslipidaemia, Insulin resistance, or overt diabetes. […] The majority of the patients with NAFLD do not experience any symptoms, however some of them may complain of fatigue, right upper quadrant discomfort, hepatomegaly, acanthosis nigricans, and lipomatosis. […] A significant amount of patients with cirrhosis can be present themselves with end-stage liver disease. […] Very often a diagnosis like NASH or NAFLD is discovered due to abnormal liver function tests such as aminotransferases (ALT and AST) or incidental finding of hepatic steatosis on radiologic abdominal finding.

• #135 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354573

  Because NAFLD typically causes no symptoms, it is often found when tests done for other reasons point to a liver problem. […] A liver biopsy can be uncomfortable, and it does have risks that your health care team will go over with you in detail. This procedure is done using a needle that is passed through the abdominal wall and into the liver. […] Treatment for NAFLD usually starts with weight loss. This can be done by eating a healthy diet, limiting portion sizes and exercise. Losing weight may improve other health problems that lead to NAFLD. […] If you’re overweight or obese, reduce the number of calories you eat each day and increase your physical activity to lose weight slowly. Eating fewer calories is key to losing weight and managing this disease. […] If you find out you have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, some basic questions to ask include: Is the fat in my liver hurting my health? Will my fatty liver disease become serious? What are my treatment options? What can I do to keep my liver healthy? […] Have you had any symptoms, such as yellowing of the eyes or skin and pain or swelling around your waist?

• #136 NAFLD & NASH – Symptoms, Causes, Differences & Treatment Options PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  NAFLD can be reduced by knowing the reason of NAFLD like diabetes, obesity, dislipidimia, thyroid dysfunction or patients with hepatitis c, any cause which is found out if treated the NAFLD can be reduced. […] Yes, NAFLD can be reversed. […] NAFLD is curable with proper evaluation and treatment in time. […] NAFLD is not fatal but if we don’t diagnose and treat in time can lead to NASH and ultimately Cirrhosis of the liver and complication of it can lead to liver cancer.

• #137 MASLD, NAFLD and fatty liver disease – British Liver Trust

  https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/masld-nafld-and-fatty-liver-disease/

  There are often no specific symptoms, even if the disease is at a later stage. You may not show any symptoms for many years. If you have MASLD or NAFLD you may have: […] If you develop any of the following symptoms tell a doctor straight away: […] Cirrhosis can lead to life-threatening conditions including liver cancer and liver failure. […] The main treatment is eating a healthy diet, being more physically active and (if needed) losing weight. This might seem like very general advice, but these steps all reduce liver fat and inflammation. For example, for people who are overweight, evidence shows losing 5 to 10% of their bodyweight can stop and sometimes even reverse liver damage. […] Whatever your weight, eating healthily and being more physically active can each help reduce liver fat and improve fatty liver disease. For most people these are the best ways to lose weight, if you need to. […] Reducing liver fat takes away the root cause of fatty liver disease. By doing this, you reduce the strain on your liver and give it a chance to repair itself. Research shows all 3 of these things can slow, stop and even reverse MASLD and NAFLD.

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