Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Headache & Migraine: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/headache-migraine-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Migraine headaches are a recurring type of headache described as unilateral throbbing pain. These commonly occur in females between the ages of 25 and 50. Migraines may occur with an aura or, more commonly, without an aura (75% of cases). Chronic migraines are diagnosed when experienced at least 15 days a month for at least three months. […] Interventions may include medications, botox injections, self-care activities, lifestyle modifications, and alternative therapies. The nurse supports the patient and their treatment regimen through education and follow-up. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with a headache or migraine. […] Reducing symptoms and offering supportive care should be the main goals of treatment for primary headaches. Advise the patient to follow up with a neurologist or primary care physician for both preventive and therapeutic measures.

• #2 Migraine and Cluster Headaches – LevelUpRN

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/nervous-6-migraine-cluster-headaches?srsltid=AfmBOooMFQf9NJh5YnpxWFnGFtbu_jEK-jHu4M46YzIAoY__7a10jf85

  A migraine headache is a neurovascular disorder that causes unilateral (on one side) throbbing head pain. […] Migraines typically last 4-72 hours. For 15-30% of patients, that head pain may be preceded by an aura. […] The pathophysiology behind migraine headaches is poorly understood. It’s believed to be caused by activation of cranial nerve 5 and cerebral arterial vasodilation. Because of the vasodilation, the treatments discussed later in this article aim to cause vasoconstriction. […] A family history of migraines is a risk factor for experiencing migraines. Also, women are more likely to experience migraine headaches than men. […] Migraine triggers include bright/flashing lights, stress, anxiety, menstrual cycles, sleep deprivation, and certain foods. Foods containing MSG or tyramines can trigger migraines in some people.

• #3

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/cearticle?an=00000446-202201000-00018&Journal_ID=54030&Issue_ID=6182293

  When discussing a headache treatment plan with patients, nurses should specifically ask about risk factors, including coexisting disorders, and suggest ways to address modifiable risks. […] Nursing assessment of migraine includes obtaining a comprehensive headache history, which is invaluable in determining the correct diagnosis and formulating a comprehensive treatment plan that emphasizes ongoing management. […] All patients with migraine should be offered acute treatment. Counseling on the appropriate use and expectations of acute therapies is important for long-term success and adherence. […] Preventive medication is indicated in the following cases: when headaches occur on four or more days per month; when headaches interfere significantly with daily life even when treated acutely; when acute treatments are contraindicated, fail to provide sufficient relief, or are overused. […] In addition to counseling patients on medication management, lifestyle modifications, diet, and trigger tracking, encourage patients to take an active role in their pain management by following consistent and adequate sleep-wake schedules and looking for ways to reduce and manage stress.

• #4

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/cearticle?an=00000446-202201000-00018&Journal_ID=54030&Issue_ID=6182293

  ABSTRACT: Roughly 90% of the U.S. population will develop a headache within their lifetime, and headache disorders account for more disability-adjusted life-years than all other neurologic disorders combined. Among primary headache disorders, the two most common are tension-type headache and migraine, with migraine identified as the most disabling. Here, the authors describe the importance of differentiating primary and secondary headache disorders and discuss the pathophysiology; clinical assessment; and outpatient management of the debilitating migraine headache, summarizing both acute and prophylactic treatment strategies that can substantially reduce associated disability. […] This article provides an overview of migraine pathophysiology, incidence, prevalence, distribution, diagnosis, and management in the outpatient primary care setting. It also focuses on the essential role of nurses in helping patients achieve long-term control over this debilitating condition. Nurses are often the patient’s first and most frequent clinical contact. Nursing assessment and ongoing management are thus critical for optimal patient outcomes.

• #5 The nurse’s role in the management of migraine | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/neurology/the-nurses-role-in-the-management-of-migraine-02-11-2000/

  Migraine is a common complaint, thought to affect around 15%-18% of the female population and 6% of men. […] Since migraine can have a major impact on the quality of life for some individuals it needs to be taken seriously by health professionals (Bates et al, 1997). […] Nurses are in a prime position to offer advice to patients with migraine, who may not wish to bother the doctor. Nurses can educate patients about diet and lifestyle, such as the importance of having regular meals, an adequate intake of water, less caffeine and regular sleep patterns. […] It is important to establish a clear diagnosis: other types of headache, such as a tension headache or chronic daily headache, require different treatments. Nurses should also be aware of the warning signs of underlying neurological disease and refer patients immediately if in any doubt.

• #6 Migraine and Cluster Headaches – LevelUpRN

  https://leveluprn.com/blogs/medical-surgical-nursing/nervous-6-migraine-cluster-headaches?srsltid=AfmBOooMFQf9NJh5YnpxWFnGFtbu_jEK-jHu4M46YzIAoY__7a10jf85

  Patients who have a migraine usually experience throbbing head pain, nausea, vomiting, photophobia (sensitivity to light), phonophobia (sensitivity to noise), or an aura. […] For a mild migraine, the treatment is usually NSAIDs like ibuprofen. If a patient has severe migraine, then medications like ergotamine and sumatriptan can be used. These medications’ mode of actions are to cause vasoconstriction in the cerebral arteries. Caffeine can also be helpful, like in Cathy’s story, because it is also a vasoconstrictor. […] Antiemetics can be used for nausea and vomiting. […] For patients with recurring migraines, prophylactic medications may be needed. This might include antihypertensives or anticonvulsants to help prevent the onset of migraines. […] In terms of nursing care and patient teaching for migraines, you should instruct your patient to lay down in a dark, quiet environment if they are experiencing a migraine. This will help with the photophobia and phonophobia. They should also avoid triggers, so reducing their stress level if possible, and avoiding foods that may trigger a migraine.

• #7 Patient education: Migraine in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/migraines-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Migraine is a common type of headache condition, affecting up to 12 percent of adults. […] Migraine is thought to have a genetic component, meaning that it tends to run in families, although environmental factors also play a role. […] A typical migraine „attack” involves four phases: the prodrome, the aura, the headache (which may be accompanied by other symptoms), and the postdrome. […] Migraine attacks can be triggered by many different things, including stress, physical exertion, fatigue, lack of sleep, hunger, odors, chemicals, and certain medications and substances. […] Treatment depends upon the frequency, severity, and symptoms of your migraine attacks. Many people who experience regular attacks need both acute and preventive treatment. […] Acute treatment refers to medicines you can take when you have a migraine to relieve the pain immediately.

• #8 Managing migraines at home Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/managing-migraines-at-home

  Try to treat your symptoms right away. This may help make the headache less severe. When migraine symptoms begin: […] Over-the-counter pain medicines, such as acetaminophen, naproxen, ibuprofen, or aspirin, are often helpful when your migraine is mild. […] Your health care provider may have prescribed medicines to stop a migraine. […] Follow your provider’s instructions about how to take all of your medicines. […] A headache diary can help you identify your headache triggers. […] Review your diary with your provider to identify triggers or a pattern to your headaches. This can help you and your provider create a treatment plan. […] If you have frequent migraines, your provider may prescribe medicine to reduce the number of them. […] Call 911 or the local emergency number if: […] Schedule an appointment or contact your provider if:

• #9 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  Migraine treatment involves acute (abortive) and preventive (prophylactic) therapy. Patients with frequent attacks usually require both. Measures directed toward reducing migraine triggers are also generally advisable. […] Acute treatment aims to reverse, or at least stop, the progression of a headache that has started. Preventive treatment, which is given even in the absence of a headache, aims to reduce the frequency and severity of the migraine attack, make acute attacks more responsive to abortive therapy, and perhaps also improve the patient’s quality of life. […] Migraineurs should be screened for cardiovascular risk factors, which, if present, should be aggressively treated. Migraineurs with aura should also be counseled on the increased risk of stroke with smoking and oral contraceptive use.

• #10 Adult migraine: More than a headache – American Nurse

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/adult-migraine-more-than-a-headache/

  Migraine is a debilitating condition that alters the lives of many people worldwide. […] Nurses play an important role in assessing for and managing migraine symptoms. […] Providers diagnose migraine based on a detailed patient history and physical, so optimal care requires an understanding of the risk factors combined with a prompt and thorough evaluation. Nurses can gather this information and perform the assessment at the bedside. […] Focus your nursing care on patient comfort and education. Administer prescribed medications while closely monitoring patients for adverse reactions or side effects. […] The nurses role in care management includes patient education, acute treatment administration, and patient comfort.

• #11 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Migraines | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-migraines

  Effective management of symptoms during a migraine episode. […] Minimal side effects from medication. […] Evaluate the pattern and triggers of migraines. […] Assess the effectiveness of current pain management strategies. […] Administer prescribed medications such as triptans or NSAIDs. […] Ensure a quiet, dark environment during a migraine. […] Teach the patient to identify and avoid known triggers. […] Encourage relaxation techniques and stress management strategies. […] Advise on a balanced diet and avoidance of known dietary triggers. […] Educate on maintaining a regular sleep schedule. […] Monitor the patients response to interventions and adjust the care plan as needed. […] Ensure the patient understands how to manage triggers and symptoms. […] Evaluate the effectiveness of pain management strategies. […] Reassess patients knowledge regarding migraine management.

• #12 Migraines: Simple steps to head off the pain

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/in-depth/migraines/art-20047242

  Apply hot or cold compresses to your head or neck. Ice packs have a numbing effect, which may dull the pain. Hot packs and heating pads can relax tense muscles. Warm showers or baths may have a similar effect. […] In small amounts, caffeine alone can relieve migraine pain in the early stages. Caffeine also may enhance the pain-reducing effects of acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and aspirin. […] Migraines may keep you from falling asleep or wake you up at night. Likewise, migraines are often triggered by a poor night’s sleep. […] Your eating habits can influence your migraines. […] Fasting increases the risk of migraines. […] Keeping track of the foods you eat and when you have migraines can help you find potential food triggers. […] If you suspect that a certain food is triggering migraines, remove it from your diet to see what happens.

• #13

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ut1820

  Migraines are painful, throbbing headaches that often start on one side of the head. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. […] Rest in a quiet, dark room until your headache is gone. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. […] If your doctor has prescribed medicine for your migraines, take it as directed. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if you have new or worse nausea and vomiting. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you are not getting better after 2 days (48 hours).

• #14 Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9691984/

  The coping with the triggers strategy is also suggested because some triggers cannot be avoided and should be approached. […] Education and lifestyle changes such as acceptable sleep hygiene, sleep pattern management (regular sleep pattern), and its quality seem to be highly important in preventing migraine headache attacks. […] Behavioural treatment, including relaxation techniques, stress management, cognitive therapy, and biofeedback, is effective in migraine prevention and control and has a strong level of recommendation. […] Improving self-awareness and keeping a stable and healthy lifestyle is one of the main aims of behavioural migraine management. […] The first step for managing a newly diagnosed migraine patient is education. The patients knowledge of the disease and its characteristics should be improved, and they should learn that migraine is a chronic disorder that cannot be cured, but it is controllable, and its attacks can be prevented.

• #15 Headache & Migraine: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/headache-migraine-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Migraine treatment often requires a combination of abortive (acute) and preventative therapy. […] Educate the patient on triggers of headaches and migraines, such as: Bright lights, Certain odors, Poor sleep, Hormone fluctuations (menstruation), Foods (chocolate, cheese, wine). […] Finding and treating the underlying cause is essential to managing a secondary headache. This may include taking an antibiotic for an infection, receiving chiropractic care or physiotherapy for an injury, or managing a comorbidity. […] Medication-overuse headaches (also known as rebound headaches) occur from excessive use of medications to treat headache pain and are the most common type of secondary headache. A detoxification approach is used while receiving other preventative therapy to reduce withdrawal symptoms. […] Once the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses for a migraine or headache, nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care.

• #16 Migraine Self-Care: Tips for Managing

  https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine/x-self-care-tips-for-migraine

  Sleep deprivation can worsen symptoms of migraine and the frequency of headache episodes. Consistently getting enough sleep can help ward off migraine episodes. […] A 2020 review of research states acupuncture may be a safe and effective option to help relieve migraine pain, along with prescribed medications. […] Regular aerobic exercise or yoga can reduce the severity, frequency, and duration of migraine episodes. You can try different exercises for migraine prevention and see what feels best. […] The American Migraine Foundation recommends relaxation exercises, such as paced breathing techniques. You can try box breathing. […] Common migraine dietary triggers can include: chocolate, cheese, nuts, citrus fruits, processed meats, aspartame, an artificial sweetener, fatty foods, coffee, alcohol.

• #17 Migraine – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360207

  Migraine treatment is aimed at stopping symptoms and preventing future attacks. […] Many medications have been designed to treat migraines. Medications used to combat migraines fall into two broad categories: Pain-relieving medications. Also known as acute or abortive treatment, these types of drugs are taken during migraine attacks and are designed to stop symptoms. […] Preventive medications. These types of drugs are taken regularly, often daily, to reduce the severity or frequency of migraines. […] Your treatment choices depend on the frequency and severity of your headaches, whether you have nausea and vomiting with your headaches, how disabling your headaches are, and other medical conditions you have. […] Medications can help prevent frequent migraines. Your health care provider might recommend preventive medications if you have frequent, long-lasting or severe headaches that don’t respond well to treatment.

• #18 Migraine headaches | University of Iowa Health Care

  https://uihc.org/health-topics/migraine-headaches

  Migraine is the second most common type of headache, experienced by as many as 16 percent of all Americans. This type of headache is classically described as pain on one side of the head and pulsating in quality. […] Migraines are typically aggravated by activity and accompanied by sensitivity to light and sound and may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting. […] The approach to migraine treatment depends on the frequency and severity of your headaches. There are preventative medications taken daily to decrease the frequency and severity of migraines. There are also acute treatments taken at onset of a migraine to decrease the duration and severity of the migraine. […] Preventative medications are typically recommended for those with frequent migraines. […] Adjunctive therapies include stress management strategies including behavioral therapy, biofeedback, relaxation techniques, and lifestyle changes including a regular sleep schedule and exercise.

• #19 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  The goals of preventive therapy are as follows: Reduce attack frequency, severity, and/or duration, Improve responsiveness to acute attacks, Reduce disability. […] Surgical therapy for migraine is highly controversial. […] The significance of diet as a migraine trigger is controversial. […] One study of exercise for migraine prevention reported a mean attack reduction of 0.93 during the final month of treatment, which was not significantly different from the reductions achieved in the control groups using topiramate or a relaxation program.

• #20 Migraine – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20360207

  Preventive medication is aimed at reducing how often you get a migraine, how severe the attacks are and how long they last. Options include: Blood pressure-lowering medications. […] Botox injections. Injections of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) about every 12 weeks help prevent migraines in some adults. […] Ask your health care provider if these medications are right for you. Some of these medications are not safe to take during pregnancy. If you’re pregnant or trying to get pregnant, don’t use any of these medications without first talking with your provider.

• #21 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Triptans, ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin, and high-dose acetaminophen are effective treatments for acute migraine. […] Effective migraine preventive medications include candesartan, telmisartan, lisinopril, oral magnesium, topiramate, propranolol, erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab. […] Migraines last from four hours to three days and have at least two defining characteristics of unilaterality, moderate to severe intensity, throbbing or pulsating sensation, and aggravation by regular activity. Nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia are commonly present. […] Avoiding dietary triggers decreases migraine frequency, so education about these triggers can be helpful. […] Acute migraines respond to nonsteroidal medications and triptans. Ibuprofen appears to be slightly more effective than naproxen, aspirin, and acetaminophen.

• #22 Outpatient Primary Care Management of Headaches: Guidelines from the VA/DoD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p316.html

  Several medications prevent or reduce migraine headaches when taken regularly. Antihypertensives are inexpensive and effective. […] The monoclonal antibody calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor inhibitors erenumab (Aimovig), fremanezumab (Ajovy), and galcanezumab (Emgality) were introduced in 2018. […] OnabotulinumtoxinA injections decrease migraine headache days only in patients with more than 15 headaches per month and do not reduce acute medication use.

• #23 Patient education: Migraine in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/migraines-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Preventive treatment helps to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks in most people. […] Lifestyle changes may help to change certain behaviors. […] Beta blockers have been found to be effective in preventing migraine attacks. […] Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and certain other antidepressant medications are often recommended for migraine prevention. […] The anti-seizure (anticonvulsant) medications valproate and topiramate have been found to be effective in preventing migraine attacks. […] CGRP antagonists aim to block the transmission of pain from migraine; they are generally used in people who don’t improve with standard preventive migraine medications. […] Botulinum toxin type A is a toxin produced by a bacteria that temporarily paralyzes muscles. There is some evidence that it may be helpful as a treatment for chronic migraine.

• #24 Migraine | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/migraine.html

  If you have frequent or severe migraines, you may need to take medicines to prevent further attacks. Talk with your health care provider about which drug would be right for you. […] Certain natural treatments, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and coenzyme Q10, may help prevent migraines. If your magnesium level is low, you can try taking magnesium. There is also an herb, butterbur, which some people take to prevent migraines. But butterbur may not be safe for long-term use. Always check with your health care provider before taking any supplements.

• #25 Migraine Care for Nervous System Support | BioCeuticals

  https://www.bioceuticals.com.au/products/migraine-care

  Reduces the occurrence of mild migraines. […] BioCeuticals Migraine Care includes vitamin B2 to help reduce the occurrence of mild migraines. […] Vitamin B2 helps to reduce the occurrence and duration of mild migraine. […] Magnesium and vitamin B6 support a healthy stress response in the body when dietary intake is inadequate. […] Vitamin B6 aids in the synthesis of neurotransmitters. […] Vitamins B6, B12 and magnesium support nervous system function. […] Magnesium supports nerve conduction. […] Vitamins B2, B6, B12, magnesium and coenzyme Q10 help to support energy production. […] Vitamin B2 and coenzyme Q10 act as antioxidants and reduce free radicals formed in the body.

• #26 The nurse’s role in the management of migraine | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/neurology/the-nurses-role-in-the-management-of-migraine-02-11-2000/

  Nurses need to be aware of this condition and ascertain what and how many analgesics patients are consuming – a medication history should always be taken. […] Nurses can play a significant role in migraine management by identifying patients and offering them support, empathy and advice. Many patients will benefit from information about the correct use of over-the-counter products, trigger factors or use of other migraine-specific treatments. […] In the past migraine has often been disregarded by the medical profession as being of little significance, but with new treatments available patients need no longer suffer in silence.

• #27 Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9691984/

  Migraine is a highly prevalent disorder with an enormous burden on societies. Different types of medications are used for controlling both acute attacks and prevention. This article reviews some non-pharmacological recommendations aiming to manage migraine disorder better and prevent headache attacks. […] Patients should learn the skills to cope with the trigger factors that are difficult to avoid. In addition, weight control, management of migraine comorbidities, lifestyle modification, behavioural treatment and biofeedback, patient education, using headache diaries, and improving patients knowledge about the disease are recommended to be parts of migraine management. Non-pharmacological approaches should be considered in migraine management. Furthermore, the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches is more effective than using each separately.

• #28 Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9691984/

  The focus of migraine management should be shifted from medication alone to adding alternative and non-pharmacological approaches to overcome the mentioned concerns and achieve better results. […] Different non-pharmacological approaches are suggested for migraine management. Behavioural therapy and biofeedback, education, relaxation, mindfulness, and weight reduction are among the mentioned techniques. […] According to the mentioned benefits of non-pharmacological approaches for migraine management, this article reviews non-pharmacological recommendations and strategies aiming at better management of migraine disorder and prevention of headache attacks. […] The management of migraine should include identifying and avoiding or limiting exposure to trigger factors. […] Patients must be educated that headaches may start hours after exposure to a trigger factor, depending on the trigger type.

• #29 Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9691984/

  The coping with the triggers strategy is also suggested because some triggers cannot be avoided and should be approached. […] Education and lifestyle changes such as acceptable sleep hygiene, sleep pattern management (regular sleep pattern), and its quality seem to be highly important in preventing migraine headache attacks. […] Behavioural treatment, including relaxation techniques, stress management, cognitive therapy, and biofeedback, is effective in migraine prevention and control and has a strong level of recommendation. […] Improving self-awareness and keeping a stable and healthy lifestyle is one of the main aims of behavioural migraine management. […] The first step for managing a newly diagnosed migraine patient is education. The patients knowledge of the disease and its characteristics should be improved, and they should learn that migraine is a chronic disorder that cannot be cured, but it is controllable, and its attacks can be prevented.

• #30 Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9691984/

  A headache diary may be helpful for recording attack characteristics, and diagnosis of migraine and its re-evaluation in future visits. […] Several different non-invasive and invasive interventions are mentioned in the literature. Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques include transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS), transcutaneous cranial nerve stimulation such as Cefaly (supraorbital nerve stimulation), non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) such as gammaCore, percutaneous mastoid stimulation, and non-painful brachial electric stimulation. […] By definition, dietary supplements (nutraceuticals) are food parts that can improve health. […] Acupuncture is a part of Chinese traditional medicine. Several pieces of evidence support the benefit of acupuncture in managing chronic pain and migraine.

• #31 Nursing care plan for migraine

  https://nursipedia.com/nursing-care-plan-migraine/

  Migraine is a primary headache disorder that affects up to 10% of the population. It typically presents with a pulsating and throbbing one-sided headache, usually accompanied by sensitivity to light, sound and smells. Migraine headaches can last from 4-72 hours in an episodic form or can last for weeks or months in a chronic form. […] Acute pain related to migraine headache – This is the main symptom of migraine and accompanies the other signs and symptoms of migraine. The pain is severe, throbbing and has been associated with decreased quality of life. […] Patient will experience reduced intensity of pain – Medication, cognitive behavioural strategies as well as relaxation and distraction techniques are used to reduce the intensity of pain. […] Prescribe appropriate medications – Acute medications that include analgesics and triptans are prescribed to treat the pain caused by migraines.

• #32 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Migraines | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-migraines

  Upon completion of this nursing care plan for migraines, nursing students will be able to: […] Demonstrate the ability to provide person-centered care for individuals with migraines, emphasizing empathy, effective communication, and a tailored approach to meet the unique needs of each patient. […] Acquire skills in managing associated symptoms associated with migraines, such as: throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head, nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. […] Develop comprehensive nursing care plans for patients experiencing migraines, including patient education, symptom management, and long-term care strategies. […] Patient reports a reduction in migraine frequency and intensity. […] Patient demonstrates understanding of triggers and implements lifestyle modifications.

• #33 Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0215/p243.html

  Evidence for effective treatment of migraine is weaker in children than in adults; studies have high placebo response rates and lack precision and consistency. […] Acetaminophen and metoclopramide are the only treatments for migraine that are considered safe in pregnancy. Observational studies have shown no association between triptan use in the first trimester and fetal malformation or adverse pregnancy outcomes.

• #34 Behavioral Interventions for Migraine Prevention | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program

  https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/behavioral-interventions-migraine-prevention/research

  Children/adolescents: a combination of CBT, biofeedback, and relaxation training may lead to lower migraine attack frequency and disability compared with education alone (SOE: low). […] In adults with chronic migraine, behavioral sleep modification may reduce headache frequency at 6 weeks (SOE: low); no studies were included for children. […] Several behavioral interventions appear to reduce migraine/headache attack frequency in adults. Evidence consisted primarily of underpowered trials of multicomponent interventions compared with various types of control groups. Future research should enroll children and adolescents, standardize intervention components to improve reproducibility, use comparison groups that control for expectation confounds, enroll larger samples, consider digital and telehealth modes of care delivery, and improve the completeness of data collection.

• #35 Headache & Migraine Care

  https://www.nemours.org/services/headache-migraine-program.html

  Kids get headaches, just like adults. And sometimes, those headaches can be so severe, and so constant, that they are disabling. […] Chronic headaches, such as migraines, can interfere with your child’s ability to go to school and do the activities they love. In fact, about 10-28% of school-age children suffer from migraine headaches. […] Migraine headaches and abdominal migraines can be debilitating for kids. Parents often don’t know where to turn for help. This is exactly why we have a program dedicated to helping children and their families manage headaches. […] We offer the newest FDA-approved medicines and therapies for migraine headaches in children. […] We take a multidisciplinary approach, meaning that we bring together all the specialties kids with severe headaches might need.

• #36 Headache & Migraine Care

  https://www.nemours.org/services/headache-migraine-program.html

  Your child may talk about changes in vision, ringing in the ears, dizziness or numbness and tingling that happens with or without a headache. Our specialists work together to figure out what’s causing your child’s headaches, and then we create a care plan. […] We offer many services for kids and teens dealing with these constant and severe headaches. […] IV medicines for intractable migraines (migraines resistant to medicines), to minimize and/or break the cycle. […] Nutrition counseling with a certified dietitian to learn how a healthy diet can help control migraines. […] Cefaly device, or external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS), to help with migraine prevention. […] Biofeedback, a technique that can help your child relax and train their brain to gain control over certain functions (like heart rate) that cause tension or pain.

• #37 Diagnosis and management of migraine in ten steps | Nature Reviews Neurology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-021-00509-5

  Patient centricity and education have important roles in the management of migraine. […] Optimal outcomes are unlikely when these aspects are not given sufficient attention. […] Education is the solution clinicians must explain to the patient both the disease and the principles of managing it effectively, including instruction on the correct use of medication, potential adverse effects and what to do about them, and the importance of avoiding medication overuse. […] Multiple effective acute and preventive therapies are available for migraine. […] When selecting from these therapies, the objective is that each patient receives the therapy that provides the best personal outcome. […] Preventive therapy, in addition, may be indicated at any stage. […] In general, initiation of preventive therapy is indicated in patients who are adversely affected on 2 days per month despite acute treatment optimized according to the stepped care approach.

• #38 Migraine Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560787/

  Migraine is a genetically influenced complex neurological disorder characterized by episodes of moderate-to-severe headaches, typically unilateral and frequently accompanied by nausea and heightened sensitivity to light and sound. […] Management strategies encompass acute treatments for immediate relief during attacks, preventive therapies to reduce frequency and severity, and personalized lifestyle adjustments. […] This activity highlights the essential role of interprofessional healthcare teams in improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of this chronic condition. […] Collaborate with interprofessional healthcare teams to optimize migraine care and patient outcomes and ensure comprehensive management and support for patients with chronic migraines. […] The treatment of migraine headaches involves a multifaceted approach aimed at alleviating symptoms, preventing attacks, and improving patients’ overall quality of life. Effective management typically combines acute treatments for immediate relief during attacks, preventive strategies to reduce frequency and severity, and personalized lifestyle modifications addressing individual triggers and patient needs.

• #39 Migraine Headache – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560787/

  Patients should document their migraine triggers to effectively reduce their impact in the future. […] Patients with migraine headaches often require consultations with various healthcare professionals to manage their condition effectively. […] Timely diagnosis and management of migraine headaches are crucial, given their potential to be debilitating and impact quality of life significantly. Effective patient education is key to empowering individuals to manage their condition better.

• #40 Migraine Headache Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Considerations, Reduction of Migraine Triggers

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-treatment

  A neurologist, neuro-ophthalmologist, and/or neurosurgeon should be consulted as deemed clinically appropriate for the treatment of patients with migraine. […] Emergency medical services personnel should transport patients in a way that minimizes visual and auditory stimulation. […] While the emergency physician must be able to identify patients with serious headache etiology, note that more than 90% of patients who present to the ED because of headache have migraine, tension, or mixed-type benign headache. Therefore, providing symptomatic relief should be a priority. […] Migraine-specific medications and analgesia are key elements of ED care. […] Patients should avoid factors that precipitate a migraine attack (eg, lack of sleep, fatigue, stress, certain foods, use of vasodilators). Encourage patients to use a daily diary to document the headaches. This is an effective and inexpensive tool to follow the course of the disease.

• #41 Migraine and managing treatment in underserved populations

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/managing-migraine-in-underserved-populations/

  Managing migraine in underserved populations presents unique challenges in an urban outpatient neurology clinic. […] Barriers to care include psychiatric comorbidities, sleep disorders, financial hardship, poor health literacy, lack of transportation, and homelessness. […] Interprofessional care, including physicians, nurse practitioners, and neuropharmacists, can help meet patient needs. […] Clinicians treating patients with migraine in medically underserved areas face several challenges, including psychiatric comorbidities, sleep disorders, financial hardship, poor health literacy, lack of transportation, and homelessness. […] A headache physician, nurse practitioner, and neuropharmacist in an urban outpatient clinic work collaboratively to provide the best treatment possible despite these barriers to care.

• #42 Migraine and managing treatment in underserved populations

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/managing-migraine-in-underserved-populations/

  We implement various interventions including deep breathing exercises, relaxation techniques, pharmacologic treatment, and psychiatric referrals to address anxiety and other psychiatric disorders during patient visits. […] The nurse practitioner performs Botox injections every 12 weeks in our clinic. […] After training by the neuropharmacist, patients can administer monthly CGRP injections at home. […] The clinics nursing team interacts with patients in various ways. […] The nurse practitioner completes the evaluation and assessment and develops treatment strategies. […] The holistic nursing model allows for the complete assessment of other issues (sleep disorders, mental health issues, health literacy) that may impact successful treatment. […] This collaborative approach allows us to better meet the needs of this unique patient population.

• #43 Migraine | Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/migraine/

  UT Southwestern Medical Center brings together the latest research and therapies to offer patients compassionate, comprehensive care for migraines. […] At UT Southwestern, we recognize that migraine care is not one size fits all. We tailor each patients treatment to meet his or her unique needs. […] Headache specialists at UT Southwestern combine the latest research and therapies to offer people with migraines relief from their symptoms and reduce migraine frequency. […] The key to successful management of migraine is communication between patient and physician. UT Southwestern specialists work with each patient to come up with a solution that works for the individual.

• #44 Diagnosis and management of migraine in ten steps | Nature Reviews Neurology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-021-00509-5

  A range of non-pharmacological preventive therapies can be used either as adjuncts to acute and preventive medications or instead of them if medication use is contraindicated. […] In patients whose migraine continues to impair their quality of life despite optimized acute therapy, additional preventive therapy should be considered. […] Once chronic migraine has developed, its management is challenging and referral to specialist care is usually necessary. […] Recognition of comorbid conditions in migraine is important because they can influence drug choice. […] Long-term management of migraine should be the responsibility of primary care. […] This Consensus Statement was developed by experts from Europe to provide generally applicable recommendations for the diagnosis and management of migraine and to promote best clinical practices.

• #45 Migraine Headache: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.migraine-headache-care-instructions.ut1820

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. […] Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] If your doctor has prescribed medicine for your migraines, take it as directed. […] If your doctor has prescribed medicine to prevent migraines, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: Your headaches get worse, happen more often, or change in some way. […] Your life is disrupted by your headaches. For example, you often miss work, school, or other activities.

• #46 Nursing care plan for migraine

  https://nursipedia.com/nursing-care-plan-migraine/

  Regular assessments of migraine symptoms are done to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions, monitor side effects and determine if any further interventions are needed. […] Migraine is a disabling and painful neurological condition that affects millions of people all over the world. An individualized nursing care plan is necessary to provide relief from the symptoms and improve the quality of life of a person suffering from migraine. Proper assessment, correct diagnosis, use of appropriate interventions, encouragement of self-care practices and regular evaluations can provide effective control over migraine.

• #47 Migraine symptoms and treatment | Health & wellness | UnitedHealthcare

  https://www.uhc.com/health-and-wellness/health-topics/migraines-symptoms-treatments-tips

  Migraine treatment is all about stopping symptoms and preventing future migraines. […] Keeping a headache diary might help you understand triggers that set off your migraines. […] It’s important to understand what type of migraine you may have, so by tracking you can be more specific in telling your doctor about your migraine symptoms. […] Pain-relieving medicines: Over-the-counter or prescription medicines that are taken during a migraine to stop symptoms. […] Preventive medicines: Taken regularly (often daily) to reduce the severity or frequency of migraines. […] Stress is a common trigger for migraines. […] Schedule a visit with your primary care provider (PCP the doctor or provider you might see for your yearly exam). Have a conversation about your symptoms (be specific). From there, you may be referred to a headache specialist, like a neurologist.

• #48 Headache & Migraine Care

  https://www.nemours.org/services/headache-migraine-program.html

  Migraine action plans and support at school, including a 504 plan if necessary. […] You can’t control your genetics, but you can control healthy living behaviors. These healthy living behaviors, what we call headache hygiene, are closely linked to headaches. […] Our team has found that kids who achieve headache hygiene have a 97% chance of reaching their goal. The goal is: No more than two headaches per month. No side effects on any medication. Headache is gone within an hour.

• #49 Diagnosis and management of migraine in ten steps | Nature Reviews Neurology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-021-00509-5

  Migraine is a disabling primary headache disorder that directly affects more than one billion people worldwide. […] Despite its widespread prevalence, migraine remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. […] To support clinical decision-making, we convened a European panel of experts to develop a ten-step approach to the diagnosis and management of migraine. […] We then emphasize the value of patient centricity and patient education to ensure treatment adherence and satisfaction with care provision. […] Further, we outline best practices for acute and preventive treatment of migraine in various patient populations, including adults, children and adolescents, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and older people. […] In this Consensus Statement, we provide a ten-step approach to the diagnosis and management of migraine.

• #50 Key Updates in Headache and Migraine Care

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/key-updates-in-headache-and-migraine-care/35529/

  In terms of QoL, these findings reinforce other study findings as well as clinical experience that reducing the severity or duration of migraine is at least as impactful as reducing migraine days overall. […] Migraine stigma remains a pervasive and underrecognized barrier to effective care, profoundly affecting QoL. […] The knowledge that migraine remains so highly stigmatized along with new insight into the powerful impact of experienced stigma on the burden of migraine compel us to find ways to mitigate migraine stigma. […] Shifting the migraine treatment paradigm away from prevention and toward early intervention may provide one strategy for reducing migraine stigma. […] By incorporating the following recommendations into clinical practice, physicians may be able to improve the care provided to their patients with migraine: Recognize migraine prevalence: multiple lines of research indicate that ~95% of patients presenting with recurring headaches should be diagnosed with migraine. […] The evolving landscape of headache medicine is characterized by promising developments in clinical research and a growing appreciation for the potent psychosocial dimensions of migraine.

• #51 Characterizing barriers to care in migraine: multicountry results from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes – International (CaMEO-I) study | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-024-01834-y

  To assess rates of traversing barriers to care to access optimal clinical outcomes in people with migraine internationally. […] People in need of medical care for migraine should consult a health care professional knowledgeable in migraine management, obtain an accurate diagnosis, and receive an individualized treatment plan, which includes scientific society guideline-recommended treatments where appropriate. […] Of people with migraine in need of medical care for migraine, less than 15% traverse all 3 barriers to care. […] Although rates of consultation, diagnosis, and treatment differed among countries, improvements are needed in all countries studied to reduce the global burden of migraine. […] The greatest barrier was at the level of consultation: only 35% of respondents reported that they were currently under the care of a clinician for headache deemed appropriate for their country.

• #52 Characterizing barriers to care in migraine: multicountry results from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes – International (CaMEO-I) study | The Journal of Headache and Pain | Full Text

  https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-024-01834-y

  Respondents with CM were more likely to consult a health care professional than those with EM (43.2% vs. 34.2%), but less likely to receive an accurate diagnosis (16.9% vs. 72.6%). […] Those with CM were also less likely to receive minimal appropriate treatment than those with EM (36.5% vs. 50.2%). […] These findings highlight the significant public health issue that people with migraine do not seek medical care at acceptable rates. […] These findings suggest that there is a large unmet need across all 6 countries for improving awareness and care for people living with migraine.

• #53 There’s No Room in a Nurse’s Day for Recurring Headaches

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/theres-no-room-in-a-nurses-day-for-recurring-headaches

  Occupational stress is a common trigger for both tension headaches and migraine headaches, says Katherine Najdovski, MSN, APRN-CNP, of Cleveland Clinics Center for Neurological Restorations Section of Headache and Facial Pain. […] Migraines are the second most common type of headache. They tend to be moderately to severely painful, can cause nausea and vomiting, and sometimes are accompanied by aura temporary sensory changes such as seeing flashing lights or developing blind spots. […] There are prescription medications available to treat and even prevent headaches, especially migraines. If you suffer from four or more debilitating headaches a month, or two that are disabling (severe enough to make you miss work, etc.), talk to your healthcare provider. […] There are non-pharmacological ways to treat headaches as well, Najdovski says. […] To avoid or limit headaches, Najdovski says lifestyle factors can play an important role. Eating regular meals, staying hydrated, practicing good sleep hygiene and exercising regularly all can help.

• #54 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/migraine/comments/1dl01o2/migraines_as_a_nurse/

  Hi guys, Im currently a LPN going to school full time to get my RN. Lately, my migraines have been really bad and Ive had more attacks these past 2 months that Ive been having to call out of work. I feel terrible for doing it and I always feel like Im not believed for the reasoning. But, for those who are nurses or really any full time careers, what do you do to balance our debilitating condition? What would you do? What are ways to make it easier for the workplace? How do you deal with it when having to call out or cancel anything?

• #55 Migraines and nursing? – Nurse Disabilities

  https://allnurses.com/migraines-nursing-t578449/

  I just recently graduated from nursing school and am currently sitting for state boards. […] One of my biggest fears about starting my nursing career is the fact that I suffer from somewhat frequent severe migraines. […] Do any nurses on here also suffer from migraines? What do you do when you’re halfway through a shift and a severe migraine strikes? […] Following…. in nursing school and suffer from terrible migraines. […] I have yet to encounter having a migraine at work; I have auras and will take Excedrin for migraine or ibuprofen before it gets much worse. […] You need to work with your neurologist to figure out your triggers and to find something that is more than „somewhat helpful”. […] As others have said, the aura can be a blessing in disguise as it allows you to anticipate and premedicate.

• #56 Migraines and nursing? – Nurse Disabilities

  https://allnurses.com/migraines-nursing-t578449/

  I suffered from debilitating migraines for several years. […] I do take Propranolol as a prophylactic, which has cut down my migraines from 3 a week to 1 a week. […] I have many triggers, some of them I can prevent (such as hunger, even though nurses aren’t always able to eat a full lunch…), others are not preventable. […] I tried the Botox for migraines, and it did help. […] Have a relative who works in a hospital. When one hits them at work, they go on down to the ER and take it from there.

• #57 Primary Care | American Headache Society

  https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care

  The First Contact podcast breaks down topics in headache medicine for healthcare professionals seeing patients with migraine and other headache disorders. […] In recent years, many new medications have been developed and approved for the treatment of headache and migraine disorders. […] When migraine or headache pain is at its peak and usual treatments aren’t effective, patients often turn to the emergency department for relief. […] Patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) commonly experience migraine as a comorbidity. […] Axsome Therapeutics has announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved AXS-07 (meloxicam and rizatriptan) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. […] In this educational webinar, Rebecca Burch, MD, FAHS, talks about the risks women with migraine can face during pregnancy and lactation, how to screen for new headache and which types of medications are safe for health care practitioners to incorporate in their treatment plans. […] Tune in as Lauren Doyle Strauss, DO, FAHS, and Jessica R. Gautreaux, MD, talk about the types of questions health care practitioners should ask young patients if they suspect pediatric migraine.

• #58 Key Updates in Headache and Migraine Care

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/headache-pain/key-updates-in-headache-and-migraine-care/35529/

  From gepants to GLP-1 agonists, new therapies and a shift toward early intervention may redefine migraine care and improve quality of life for people with migraine. […] Advancements in headache and migraine treatment may reshape traditional approaches to care by focusing on early intervention and improving quality of life (QoL). […] New therapies, such as gepants (oral calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP] receptor antagonists), have the potential to reduce migraine severity before the headache develops, which may improve outcomes considerably. […] Applying these study findings in clinical practice by educating and instructing patients to use ubrogepant as a prodromal intervention may have an empowering effect, helping them feel more in control of their symptoms as opposed to a prevention-oriented approach focused on the avoidance of triggers.

• #59 Migraine | Allegheny Health Network

  https://www.ahn.org/services/neuroscience/conditions/migraine

  Prevention migraine management helps prevent the frequency and severity of attacks. Options include oral medications, monthly monoclonal therapies, and neuromodulation therapy. […] One of our innovative devices is remote electrical neuromodulation. This is a wearable device that stimulates nerves in your upper arm, which carry pain signals to your brain. This action triggers a pain-management response by your brain and works with your body to naturally turn off migraine pain without medications. […] Alternative therapies are non-medical ways to manage your migraines. Some options include: […] Biofeedback: This is a mind-body technique to control some of your body’s functions, such as your heart rate, breathing patterns, and muscle responses. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy: This includes relaxation training and stress management techniques to manage your migraines.

• #60 #1 Prescribed Drug-Free Treatment For Migraine – Nerivio®

  https://www.nerivio.com/

  Nerivio is an FDA-cleared, prescribed, Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) wearable for the prevention and/or treatment of migraine in ages 8 and older. Safe, effective, and easy to use, Nerivio provides consistent migraine relief without systemic side effects that may disrupt your day. […] Nerivio provides effective relief for children (ages 8+), teens, and adults, offering migraine care tailored to every life stage. […] Nerivio is the only prescribed preventive and dual treatment of migraine for children in this age group (8-11), and the first FDA-cleared, drug-free therapy for acute treatment of migraine in children. […] Adherence to pharmacological treatments is often low due to disruptive side effects. Nerivio seamlessly integrates into a teen’s daily life at home, school, or on the go providing safe and effective treatment that is easy to follow.

• #61 Migraine headaches | University of Iowa Health Care

  https://uihc.org/health-topics/migraine-headaches

  The sooner the acute treatment medications are administered, the more effective they may be. […] While there is no cure for migraines, there are numerous treatment options that can decrease the severity and frequency of attacks. A combination of lifestyle changes and medications provide relief for most people who suffer from migraines.

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