Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542198/

  Mixed connective tissue disease is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of the anti-U1-ribonucleoprotein, Raynaud phenomenon, and features of at least 2 connective tissue diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myositis, and rheumatoid arthritis. […] This activity reviews the latest knowledge and clinical skills necessary to accurately diagnose and effectively manage patients with mixed connective tissue disease. Participants gain an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and emerging treatment options for this complex autoimmune condition. This activity also highlights the role of an interprofessional healthcare team in successfully collaborating to provide comprehensive care for patients with mixed connective tissue disease.

• #2 CE Activity | Mixed Connective Tissue Disease | NPs

  https://www.statpearls.com/nursepractitioner/ce/activity/96099

  Mixed connective tissue disease is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of the anti-U1-ribonucleoprotein, Raynaud phenomenon, and features of at least 2 connective tissue diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myositis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnosis can be challenging due to variable and diverse presenting symptoms and changes in symptoms over time. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstays of treatment. […] This activity reviews the latest knowledge and clinical skills necessary to accurately diagnose and effectively manage patients with mixed connective tissue disease. Participants gain an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and emerging treatment options for this complex autoimmune condition. This activity also highlights the role of an interprofessional healthcare team in successfully collaborating to provide comprehensive care for patients with mixed connective tissue disease. […] Collaborate with an interprofessional healthcare team to provide comprehensive care and optimal outcomes for patients with mixed connective tissue disease. […] Outline the pharmacologic therapy as it applies to Mixed Connective Tissue Disease.

• #3 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) – Myositis Support and Understanding

  https://understandingmyositis.org/myositis/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/

  Mixed connective tissue disease is classified and considered as an overlap of three diseases, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Scleroderma, and Polymyositis. […] The treatment of mixed connective tissue disease is typically based on which features are causing signs and symptoms. […] Therapies should be targeted for each of the organ systems affected. […] In general, treatment is often directed at suppressing the inflammation present in the tissues by using anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medications. […] Corticosteroids such as Prednisone are commonly used to manage the inflammatory effects of MCTD. […] Immune suppressing drugs are also frequently used to suppress the immune system from attacking the connective tissue. […] Mild forms of MCTD can be controlled with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, referred to as NSAIDs, such as aspirin and acetaminophen.

• #4 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15039-mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  MCTD can be difficult for healthcare providers to diagnose because the three conditions (lupus, scleroderma and polymyositis) that combine and cause it usually dont happen at the same time. […] Treatment for MCTD depends on which organs are affected, your symptoms and how severe your condition is. Some people may need treatment only during flare-ups, while others may require constant care. […] If you have mixed connective tissue disease, youll likely need prescription medications to manage your symptoms. But you can also take steps to manage the disease on your own by: […] You must see your healthcare provider on a regular basis to monitor and control these possible effects. […] People who have a long-term, incurable condition like MCTD should develop ways of dealing with their disease. This includes: […] You should see a healthcare provider if you develop any of the signs or symptoms of a connective tissue disease, especially if they interfere with your daily routine.

• #5 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542198/

  Collaborate with an interprofessional healthcare team to provide comprehensive care and optimal outcomes for patients with mixed connective tissue disease. […] Evaluating MCTD requires a comprehensive understanding of its diverse clinical manifestations and overlapping features with other connective tissue diseases. Clinicians must utilize a combination of detailed patient history, physical examination, and targeted diagnostic tests to diagnose and assess MCTD accurately. […] An interprofessional team approach is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and patient quality of life. Pulmonologists, cardiologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialist referrals should be made based on concerns for specific organ involvement. Physicians, advanced practitioners, and nurses should provide coordinated patient education to ensure patients understand the associated signs and symptoms and when to seek medical attention.

• #6 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired physical mobility related to joint pain, stiffness, and deformity as evidenced by limited joint motion, strength, and endurance and inability to perform activities of daily living. […] Patient Goals: […] 1. Performs prescribed joint exercises to maintain and improve joint function. […] 2. Uses joint protection measures to prevent increased joint inflammation. […] 3. Performs activities of daily living to the maximum amount possible. […] Exercise Therapy: Joint Mobility […] – Determine limitations of joint movement and effect on function to establish baseline for plan of care. […] – Collaborate with physical and occupational therapy in developing and executing an exercise program to maintain and improve joint function.

• #7 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired physical mobility related to joint pain, stiffness, and deformity as evidenced by limited joint motion, strength, and endurance and inability to perform activities of daily living. […] Patient Goals: […] 1. Performs prescribed joint exercises to maintain and improve joint function. […] 2. Uses joint protection measures to prevent increased joint inflammation. […] 3. Performs activities of daily living to the maximum amount possible. […] Exercise Therapy: Joint Mobility […] – Determine limitations of joint movement and effect on function to establish baseline for plan of care. […] – Collaborate with physical and occupational therapy in developing and executing an exercise program to maintain and improve joint function.

• #8 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  – Explain to patient/caregiver the purpose and plan for joint exercises to provide information and support for the patient. […] – Initiate pain management measures before beginning joint exercise (e.g., hot packs, warm shower) to relieve stiffness and increase mobility. […] – Assist patient to optimal body position for passive/active joint movement (e.g., with correct application of resting splints, selection of properly fitting footwear, and selection and use of assistive devices) to prevent or limit joint deformity. […] Self-Care Assistance […] – Monitor patients ability for independent self-care to plan appropriate interventions. […] – Monitor patients need for adaptive devices for personal hygiene, dressing, grooming, toileting, and eating to compensate for contractures and weakness so patient can perform as many self-care activities as possible.

• #9 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  – Establish a routine for self-care activities to foster maximum independence. […] – Assist patient in accepting dependency needs to ensure all needs are met. […] – Teach family to encourage independence, and to intervene only when patient is unable to perform to promote independence. […] Pain Management […] – Determine impact of pain experience on quality of life (e.g., sleep, appetite, activity, cognition, mood, relationships, performance of job, and role responsibilities) because these are major deterrents to successful disease management and must be addressed. […] – Inform other health care professionals/family members of nonpharmacologic strategies being used by the patient to encourage preventive approaches to pain management. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Chronic pain related to joint inflammation, misuse of joints, and ineffective pain and/or comfort measures as evidenced by communication of pain descriptors, guarding behavior, and limited joint function; hot, swollen, painful joints.

• #10 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  Patient Goals: […] 1. Effectively uses drug and nondrug pain management strategies to control pain. […] 2. Verbalizes satisfactory pain management. […] Pain Management […] – Perform a comprehensive assessment of pain to include location, characteristics, onset/duration, frequency, quality, intensity or severity of pain, and precipitating factors to establish a pattern and baseline assessment and to plan appropriate interventions. […] – Evaluate, with patient and health care team, effectiveness of past pain management measures to determine what has helped and not helped in the past. […] – Reduce or eliminate factors that precipitate or increase the pain experience (e.g., fear, fatigue, and lack of knowledge) to minimize negative stimuli that may increase pain. […] – Teach use of nondrug techniques (e.g., relaxation, distraction, hot/cold applications, and massage) before pain occurs or increases, and along with other pain management measures to promote muscle relaxation and decrease tension.

• #11 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  Patient Goals: […] 1. Effectively uses drug and nondrug pain management strategies to control pain. […] 2. Verbalizes satisfactory pain management. […] Pain Management […] – Perform a comprehensive assessment of pain to include location, characteristics, onset/duration, frequency, quality, intensity or severity of pain, and precipitating factors to establish a pattern and baseline assessment and to plan appropriate interventions. […] – Evaluate, with patient and health care team, effectiveness of past pain management measures to determine what has helped and not helped in the past. […] – Reduce or eliminate factors that precipitate or increase the pain experience (e.g., fear, fatigue, and lack of knowledge) to minimize negative stimuli that may increase pain. […] – Teach use of nondrug techniques (e.g., relaxation, distraction, hot/cold applications, and massage) before pain occurs or increases, and along with other pain management measures to promote muscle relaxation and decrease tension.

• #12 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  – Provide the person with optimal pain relief with prescribed analgesics to help decrease pain and inflammation. […] – Notify physician if measures are unsuccessful or if current complaint is a significant change from patients past experience of pain to provide alternative interventions as needed. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Disturbed body image related to chronic disease activity, long-term treatment, deformities, stiffness, and inability to perform usual activities as evidenced by social withdrawal, flat affect, altered self-concept. […] Patient Goals: […] 1. Discusses feelings about and the meaning of changes in physical appearance. […] 2. Verbalizes acceptance of body appearance and function. […] Body Image Enhancement […] – Identify effects of patients culture, religion, race, sex, and age in terms of body image to determine extent of problems and plan appropriate interventions.

• #13 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  – Provide the person with optimal pain relief with prescribed analgesics to help decrease pain and inflammation. […] – Notify physician if measures are unsuccessful or if current complaint is a significant change from patients past experience of pain to provide alternative interventions as needed. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Disturbed body image related to chronic disease activity, long-term treatment, deformities, stiffness, and inability to perform usual activities as evidenced by social withdrawal, flat affect, altered self-concept. […] Patient Goals: […] 1. Discusses feelings about and the meaning of changes in physical appearance. […] 2. Verbalizes acceptance of body appearance and function. […] Body Image Enhancement […] – Identify effects of patients culture, religion, race, sex, and age in terms of body image to determine extent of problems and plan appropriate interventions.

• #14 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  – Assist patient to discuss body changes caused by illness or surgery to identify problems and plan appropriate interventions. […] – Assist patient to separate physical appearance from feelings of personal worth so a positive body image is fostered in spite of physical manifestations. […] – Facilitate contact with individuals with similar changes in body image to promote sharing and socialization for patient. […] – Determine patients confidence in own judgment to identify problems and plan appropriate interventions. […] – Provide experiences that increase patients autonomy to strengthen self-image. […] – Assist patient to accept dependence on others, as appropriate, to help accept realistic choices. […] – Assist in setting realistic goals to achieve higher self-esteem. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective self-health management related to complexity of chronic health problem, sense of powerlessness, pain, and decisional conflicts as evidenced by questioning management plan, self-doubt about ability to manage disease, ability to perform activities for only short periods.

• #15 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  – Assist patient to discuss body changes caused by illness or surgery to identify problems and plan appropriate interventions. […] – Assist patient to separate physical appearance from feelings of personal worth so a positive body image is fostered in spite of physical manifestations. […] – Facilitate contact with individuals with similar changes in body image to promote sharing and socialization for patient. […] – Determine patients confidence in own judgment to identify problems and plan appropriate interventions. […] – Provide experiences that increase patients autonomy to strengthen self-image. […] – Assist patient to accept dependence on others, as appropriate, to help accept realistic choices. […] – Assist in setting realistic goals to achieve higher self-esteem. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective self-health management related to complexity of chronic health problem, sense of powerlessness, pain, and decisional conflicts as evidenced by questioning management plan, self-doubt about ability to manage disease, ability to perform activities for only short periods.

• #16 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  Patient Goals: […] 1. Participates in planning and carrying out therapeutic regimen. […] 2. Expresses confidence in ability to make treatment decisions. […] Teaching: Disease Process […] – Appraise the patients current level of knowledge related to specific disease process to plan teaching interventions. […] – Explain the pathophysiology of the disease and how it relates to the anatomy and physiology to increase patients understanding of the process. […] – Describe rationale behind management/therapy/treatment recommendations so that patient can make informed decisions about disease management. […] – Instruct the patient on measures to control/minimize symptoms, as appropriate, to encourage participation in care.

• #17 Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases | Nurse Key

  https://nursekey.com/nursing-management-arthritis-and-connective-tissue-diseases/

  Patient Goals: […] 1. Participates in planning and carrying out therapeutic regimen. […] 2. Expresses confidence in ability to make treatment decisions. […] Teaching: Disease Process […] – Appraise the patients current level of knowledge related to specific disease process to plan teaching interventions. […] – Explain the pathophysiology of the disease and how it relates to the anatomy and physiology to increase patients understanding of the process. […] – Describe rationale behind management/therapy/treatment recommendations so that patient can make informed decisions about disease management. […] – Instruct the patient on measures to control/minimize symptoms, as appropriate, to encourage participation in care.

• #18 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15039-mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  MCTD can be difficult for healthcare providers to diagnose because the three conditions (lupus, scleroderma and polymyositis) that combine and cause it usually dont happen at the same time. […] Treatment for MCTD depends on which organs are affected, your symptoms and how severe your condition is. Some people may need treatment only during flare-ups, while others may require constant care. […] If you have mixed connective tissue disease, youll likely need prescription medications to manage your symptoms. But you can also take steps to manage the disease on your own by: […] You must see your healthcare provider on a regular basis to monitor and control these possible effects. […] People who have a long-term, incurable condition like MCTD should develop ways of dealing with their disease. This includes: […] You should see a healthcare provider if you develop any of the signs or symptoms of a connective tissue disease, especially if they interfere with your daily routine.

• #19 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  People with a mixture of signs and symptoms from several different diseases may have mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). […] Treatment for MCTD depends on which organs are involved and how severe the disease is. Some people need continuous treatment, while others need it only when their symptoms get worse (called flares). Treatment may include: […] MCTD is a serious condition that will likely require prescription drugs, but self-care steps can help to control symptoms, that include:

• #20 Mixed connective tissue disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375152

  There’s no cure for mixed connective tissue disease. Medication can help manage the signs and symptoms. […] Other ways to control symptoms of mixed connective tissue disease include: […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These medications, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve), might help relieve the pain and inflammation if your condition is mild. […] Protecting hands from cold. Wearing gloves and taking other measures to keep your hands warm can help prevent Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] Not smoking. Smoking causes blood vessels to narrow, which can worsen the effects of Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] Reducing stress. Raynaud’s phenomenon is often triggered by stress. Relaxation techniques such as slowing and focusing on your breathing can help reduce your stress levels.

• #21 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/systemic-rheumatic-diseases/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-mctd

  MCTD consists of features of SLE, systemic sclerosis, and/or polymyositis. […] Treat mild disease with NSAIDs or antimalarials and more severe disease with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants. […] General management and initial pharmacologic therapy are extrapolated from approaches used for other systemic rheumatic diseases and are guided by the dominant clinical phenotype (ie, in a manner similar to that for SLE, systemic sclerosis, or myositis). […] Symptoms in patients with mild disease are often controlled by NSAIDs, antimalarials (eg, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine), or sometimes low-dose corticosteroids. […] Most patients with moderate or severe disease respond to corticosteroids, particularly if treated early; however, corticosteroid use should be minimized when findings of systemic sclerosis are marked to avoid scleroderma renal crisis.

• #22 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/systemic-rheumatic-diseases/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-mctd

  MCTD consists of features of SLE, systemic sclerosis, and/or polymyositis. […] Treat mild disease with NSAIDs or antimalarials and more severe disease with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants. […] General management and initial pharmacologic therapy are extrapolated from approaches used for other systemic rheumatic diseases and are guided by the dominant clinical phenotype (ie, in a manner similar to that for SLE, systemic sclerosis, or myositis). […] Symptoms in patients with mild disease are often controlled by NSAIDs, antimalarials (eg, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine), or sometimes low-dose corticosteroids. […] Most patients with moderate or severe disease respond to corticosteroids, particularly if treated early; however, corticosteroid use should be minimized when findings of systemic sclerosis are marked to avoid scleroderma renal crisis.

• #23

  https://arthritis.ca/about-arthritis/arthritis-types-(a-z)/types/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-(mctd)

  A diagnosis of MCTD is typically made or confirmed by a rheumatologist. They will work with you to develop a disease treatment plan, in an effort to get the inflammation under control and slow or stop the progression of the disease. For a person diagnosed with MCTD, the rheumatologist is the leader of your health-care team. […] Treatment of MCTD is directed at suppressing immune-related inflammation of tissues, and is similar to treatment for lupus. Corticosteroids (for example, prednisone) are usually effective, especially when the disease is diagnosed early. Mild cases can be treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hydroxychloroquine or similar drugs, and low doses of corticosteroids. […] In general, the more advanced the disease and the greater the organ damage, the less effective the treatment will be. Scleroderma-like damage to the skin and esophagus is least likely to respond to treatment. Symptom-free periods can sometimes last for many years with minimal or no ongoing treatment. However, MCTD will progress in spite of treatment in about 13 per cent of cases. In large part, the prognosis for MCTD is usually quite good.

• #24 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/mixed-connective-tissue-disease.html

  Mixed connective tissue disease is a rheumatic disease that has features shared by lupus, scleroderma, polymyositis or dermatomyositis and rheumatoid arthritis. […] This condition is treated much like lupus. Corticosteroids, especially when given early in the course of the disease, can be helpful in managing the symptoms. […] Mild forms of the condition can be controlled with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, antimalarial drugs or very low doses of corticosteroids. In some patients, the symptoms disappear for many years (go into remission) and don’t require ongoing corticosteroids. […] Mixed connective tissue disease can cause life-threatening complications such as pulmonary hypertension, kidney failure, heart attack, infections, stroke or the development of holes in the colon (the lower part of the large intestine). In these cases, patients need stronger treatment. This usually includes larger doses of corticosteroids.

• #25 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/systemic-rheumatic-diseases/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-mctd

  MCTD consists of features of SLE, systemic sclerosis, and/or polymyositis. […] Treat mild disease with NSAIDs or antimalarials and more severe disease with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants. […] General management and initial pharmacologic therapy are extrapolated from approaches used for other systemic rheumatic diseases and are guided by the dominant clinical phenotype (ie, in a manner similar to that for SLE, systemic sclerosis, or myositis). […] Symptoms in patients with mild disease are often controlled by NSAIDs, antimalarials (eg, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine), or sometimes low-dose corticosteroids. […] Most patients with moderate or severe disease respond to corticosteroids, particularly if treated early; however, corticosteroid use should be minimized when findings of systemic sclerosis are marked to avoid scleroderma renal crisis.

• #26 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/m/mctd

  MCTD often begins with fever, decreased energy, and weakness. The symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening. Pediatric MCTD can go into periods of remission where symptoms are not present. […] There is no known cure for pediatric MCTD. But, there is effective treatment which can reduce or stop symptoms. This allows children with MCTD to lead healthy, productive lives. […] Treatment will be tailored to a child’s pattern of symptoms. Over time, some patients develop mild arthritis and need only symptom relief. Patients who develop lung disease will need steroids and other immune-suppressing medicines. […] Medications used to treat children with MCTD include: […] For patients with more severe symptoms like lung, kidney or central nervous system disease, drugs called immunosuppressives may be used. These drugs calm the immune system by preventing new autoimmune cells from being formed. […] Pediatric MCTD can be treated. The long-term outcome depends on a child’s disease characteristics and response to medicine. Therefore, the outcome varies and can’t be predicted.

• #27 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/systemic-rheumatic-diseases/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-mctd

  All patients should be closely monitored for atherosclerosis. Patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy should receive osteoporosis prophylaxis. […] If patients develop dominant features of myositis or systemic sclerosis, treatment is as for those diseases. […] Patients with Raynaud syndrome should be treated based on their symptoms and as tolerated by their blood pressure with calcium channel blockers (eg, nifedipine) and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (eg, tadalafil).

• #28 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  Calcium-channel blocking agents such as nifedipine may be used for the treatment of the Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] Oesophageal dysfunction may require treatment with proton pump inhibitors. […] Prostaglandins such as epoprostenol may be used to treat patients who have developed secondary pulmonary hypertension. […] Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension and Raynaud’s phenomenon can also be helped by phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as sildenafil. […] Endothelin receptor antagonists such as ambrisentan can help to reduce the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension and improve exercise tolerance. […] All patients with MCTD should be regularly reviewed and reassessed, as some will go on to develop other connective tissue diseases such as SLE, scleroderma or an overlap syndrome. […] Careful management of the pulmonary complications improves prognosis.

• #29 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  Calcium-channel blocking agents such as nifedipine may be used for the treatment of the Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] Oesophageal dysfunction may require treatment with proton pump inhibitors. […] Prostaglandins such as epoprostenol may be used to treat patients who have developed secondary pulmonary hypertension. […] Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension and Raynaud’s phenomenon can also be helped by phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as sildenafil. […] Endothelin receptor antagonists such as ambrisentan can help to reduce the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension and improve exercise tolerance. […] All patients with MCTD should be regularly reviewed and reassessed, as some will go on to develop other connective tissue diseases such as SLE, scleroderma or an overlap syndrome. […] Careful management of the pulmonary complications improves prognosis.

• #30 OP0122 INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE, NATURAL HISTORY, AND PRIMARY CARE TREATMENT OF MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 2000-2022: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

  https://ard.bmj.com/content/83/Suppl_1/155

  Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterised by features of multiple connective tissue diseases including systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and polymyositis (PM). […] The most common disease-modifying medications used in the first year following MCTD diagnosis were hydroxychloroquine (37.0%), and steroids including prednisolone (32.9%) and hydrocortisone (14.8%). […] Patients with MCTD commonly received hydroxychloroquine and steroids.

• #31 Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335815-treatment

  The overall goals of therapy for mixed connective-tissue disease (MCTD) are to control symptoms, to maintain function, and to reduce the risk of future disease consequences. Medical therapy targets control of disease activity in general and management of specific organ involvement, while monitoring for and mitigating the risks of complications either of the condition itself or of its treatment. […] Patients with MCTD may require hospital admission while undergoing assessment for suspected infection or complications related to disease or treatment. Admit patients to the appropriate service with rheumatology care, if available. Obtain subspecialty consultations as indicated. […] Whenever possible, a rheumatologist experienced in diagnosis and treatment of the disease should co-manage all patients with mixed connective-tissue disease (MCTD). Consultation with other specialists or subspecialists may be indicated for the evaluation and/or treatment of specific aspects of disease, such as pulmonary hypertension, interstitial lung disease, gastroesophageal reflux, or acute ischemia due to Raynaud phenomenon.

• #32

  https://arthritis.ca/about-arthritis/arthritis-types-(a-z)/types/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-(mctd)

  A diagnosis of MCTD is typically made or confirmed by a rheumatologist. They will work with you to develop a disease treatment plan, in an effort to get the inflammation under control and slow or stop the progression of the disease. For a person diagnosed with MCTD, the rheumatologist is the leader of your health-care team. […] Treatment of MCTD is directed at suppressing immune-related inflammation of tissues, and is similar to treatment for lupus. Corticosteroids (for example, prednisone) are usually effective, especially when the disease is diagnosed early. Mild cases can be treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hydroxychloroquine or similar drugs, and low doses of corticosteroids. […] In general, the more advanced the disease and the greater the organ damage, the less effective the treatment will be. Scleroderma-like damage to the skin and esophagus is least likely to respond to treatment. Symptom-free periods can sometimes last for many years with minimal or no ongoing treatment. However, MCTD will progress in spite of treatment in about 13 per cent of cases. In large part, the prognosis for MCTD is usually quite good.

• #33 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542198/

  Collaborate with an interprofessional healthcare team to provide comprehensive care and optimal outcomes for patients with mixed connective tissue disease. […] Evaluating MCTD requires a comprehensive understanding of its diverse clinical manifestations and overlapping features with other connective tissue diseases. Clinicians must utilize a combination of detailed patient history, physical examination, and targeted diagnostic tests to diagnose and assess MCTD accurately. […] An interprofessional team approach is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and patient quality of life. Pulmonologists, cardiologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialist referrals should be made based on concerns for specific organ involvement. Physicians, advanced practitioners, and nurses should provide coordinated patient education to ensure patients understand the associated signs and symptoms and when to seek medical attention.

• #34 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542198/

  Collaborate with an interprofessional healthcare team to provide comprehensive care and optimal outcomes for patients with mixed connective tissue disease. […] Evaluating MCTD requires a comprehensive understanding of its diverse clinical manifestations and overlapping features with other connective tissue diseases. Clinicians must utilize a combination of detailed patient history, physical examination, and targeted diagnostic tests to diagnose and assess MCTD accurately. […] An interprofessional team approach is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and patient quality of life. Pulmonologists, cardiologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialist referrals should be made based on concerns for specific organ involvement. Physicians, advanced practitioners, and nurses should provide coordinated patient education to ensure patients understand the associated signs and symptoms and when to seek medical attention.

• #35 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542198/

  Collaborate with an interprofessional healthcare team to provide comprehensive care and optimal outcomes for patients with mixed connective tissue disease. […] Evaluating MCTD requires a comprehensive understanding of its diverse clinical manifestations and overlapping features with other connective tissue diseases. Clinicians must utilize a combination of detailed patient history, physical examination, and targeted diagnostic tests to diagnose and assess MCTD accurately. […] An interprofessional team approach is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and patient quality of life. Pulmonologists, cardiologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialist referrals should be made based on concerns for specific organ involvement. Physicians, advanced practitioners, and nurses should provide coordinated patient education to ensure patients understand the associated signs and symptoms and when to seek medical attention.

• #36

  https://arthritis.ca/about-arthritis/arthritis-types-(a-z)/types/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-(mctd)

  Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, regular exercise and relaxation techniques are very important parts of your overall treatment plan. Although you can undertake many of these activities on your own, it is important to assemble a health-care team who can help oversee and direct your self-management efforts. Learning as much as you can about the disease is also important to help you make informed decisions about treatment and lifestyle, and maximize your quality of life. […] These healthcare professions have advanced training from a university and are registered to practice by their provincial/territorial association. A physiotherapist (PT) can develop an individualized program designed to help you increase your strength, flexibility, range-of-motion, and general mobility and exercise tolerance through a wide variety of therapeutic treatments and strategies.

• #37

  https://arthritis.ca/about-arthritis/arthritis-types-(a-z)/types/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-(mctd)

  An occupational therapist (OT) trained in arthritis management can analyze everything you do in a day and develop a program to help you protect your joints and minimize fatigue. If necessary, your OT can help you redesign your home or workplace to make it easier for you to work or simply get around. They can also make or recommend a number of different splints, braces, orthopedic shoes and other aids that can help reduce your pain and increase your mobility and functionality. Their goal is to prepare you, using assistive devices and adaptive strategies, to reclaim as much of your former life as possible.

• #38 Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335815-treatment

  Patients with MCTD that involves esophageal reflux, malabsorption, or other sclerodermatous-type bowel involvement may need special consideration with respect to diet. […] However, no specific dietary manipulations have been demonstrated to be effective in treating MCTD. […] Convincing data support the value of an active lifestyle and an exercise program tailored to the needs of patients with arthritis of various types. This approach also appears to be appropriate in MCTD. […] Scrupulous cold avoidance may help to reduce the risk of flares of Raynaud phenomenon. […] Patients with stable disease and no recent changes in medications should be seen approximately every 2-4 months and undergo routine laboratory evaluation, including a complete blood cell count and chemistry studies. Patients with active disease are typically seen approximately every 3-6 weeks, depending on the severity of disease.

• #39 Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335815-treatment

  Patients with MCTD that involves esophageal reflux, malabsorption, or other sclerodermatous-type bowel involvement may need special consideration with respect to diet. […] However, no specific dietary manipulations have been demonstrated to be effective in treating MCTD. […] Convincing data support the value of an active lifestyle and an exercise program tailored to the needs of patients with arthritis of various types. This approach also appears to be appropriate in MCTD. […] Scrupulous cold avoidance may help to reduce the risk of flares of Raynaud phenomenon. […] Patients with stable disease and no recent changes in medications should be seen approximately every 2-4 months and undergo routine laboratory evaluation, including a complete blood cell count and chemistry studies. Patients with active disease are typically seen approximately every 3-6 weeks, depending on the severity of disease.

• #40 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease | Riley Children’s Health

  https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-info/mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  While there is not yet a cure for MCTD, a combination of medicines can help effectively manage symptoms. Some children with this condition will only need to take medicine when they have flare-ups or during times when symptoms are present. Other children who have a more serious form of MCTD may need to take medicine all the time. […] A child with MCTD needs to be seen by his or her rheumatologist about every three to six months to monitor the disease and reassess the treatment regimen. […] Inflammation of the heart and lungs—sometimes associated with MCTD—can lead to serious complications. The inflammation should be treated right away to avoid long-term damage. […] Your child’s doctor will likely prescribe a combination of medicines to control symptoms and flare-ups.

• #41 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/systemic-rheumatic-diseases/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-mctd

  All patients should be closely monitored for atherosclerosis. Patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy should receive osteoporosis prophylaxis. […] If patients develop dominant features of myositis or systemic sclerosis, treatment is as for those diseases. […] Patients with Raynaud syndrome should be treated based on their symptoms and as tolerated by their blood pressure with calcium channel blockers (eg, nifedipine) and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (eg, tadalafil).

• #42 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/systemic-rheumatic-diseases/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-mctd

  All patients should be closely monitored for atherosclerosis. Patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy should receive osteoporosis prophylaxis. […] If patients develop dominant features of myositis or systemic sclerosis, treatment is as for those diseases. […] Patients with Raynaud syndrome should be treated based on their symptoms and as tolerated by their blood pressure with calcium channel blockers (eg, nifedipine) and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (eg, tadalafil).

• #43 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (Sharp’s disease) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-sharps-disease/

  Patients with MCTD should be monitored for signs and symptoms that would qualify them for diagnoses of SLE, SSc, or polymyositis. […] Regular monitoring for cytopenias via complete blood counts, myositis via creatinine kinase and aldolase, and proteinuria via urinalysis is also recommended. […] Patients with MCTD must have a yearly TTE to assess for PAH and yearly PFTs with DLCO to assess for ILD. […] Development of SLE should prompt initiation of hydroxychloroquine, and counseling on ultra-violet protection. […] Development of myositis should prompt treatment with systemic steroids. […] Development of PAH or ILD should prompt referral to the appropriate medical sub-specialist. […] The patient and their family should be counseled that autoimmune inflammatory diseases are diagnosed based on pattern recognition.

• #44 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (Sharp’s disease) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-sharps-disease/

  Patients with MCTD should be monitored for signs and symptoms that would qualify them for diagnoses of SLE, SSc, or polymyositis. […] Regular monitoring for cytopenias via complete blood counts, myositis via creatinine kinase and aldolase, and proteinuria via urinalysis is also recommended. […] Patients with MCTD must have a yearly TTE to assess for PAH and yearly PFTs with DLCO to assess for ILD. […] Development of SLE should prompt initiation of hydroxychloroquine, and counseling on ultra-violet protection. […] Development of myositis should prompt treatment with systemic steroids. […] Development of PAH or ILD should prompt referral to the appropriate medical sub-specialist. […] The patient and their family should be counseled that autoimmune inflammatory diseases are diagnosed based on pattern recognition.

• #45 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15039-mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  MCTD can be difficult for healthcare providers to diagnose because the three conditions (lupus, scleroderma and polymyositis) that combine and cause it usually dont happen at the same time. […] Treatment for MCTD depends on which organs are affected, your symptoms and how severe your condition is. Some people may need treatment only during flare-ups, while others may require constant care. […] If you have mixed connective tissue disease, youll likely need prescription medications to manage your symptoms. But you can also take steps to manage the disease on your own by: […] You must see your healthcare provider on a regular basis to monitor and control these possible effects. […] People who have a long-term, incurable condition like MCTD should develop ways of dealing with their disease. This includes: […] You should see a healthcare provider if you develop any of the signs or symptoms of a connective tissue disease, especially if they interfere with your daily routine.

• #46 Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335815-treatment

  Patients with MCTD that involves esophageal reflux, malabsorption, or other sclerodermatous-type bowel involvement may need special consideration with respect to diet. […] However, no specific dietary manipulations have been demonstrated to be effective in treating MCTD. […] Convincing data support the value of an active lifestyle and an exercise program tailored to the needs of patients with arthritis of various types. This approach also appears to be appropriate in MCTD. […] Scrupulous cold avoidance may help to reduce the risk of flares of Raynaud phenomenon. […] Patients with stable disease and no recent changes in medications should be seen approximately every 2-4 months and undergo routine laboratory evaluation, including a complete blood cell count and chemistry studies. Patients with active disease are typically seen approximately every 3-6 weeks, depending on the severity of disease.

• #47 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: Coping, Support, and Living Well

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-coping-5104817

  It is important to follow your healthcare providers treatment plan and ask questions if you don’t understand. […] To help you live well with MCTD, your practitioner may also make self-care suggestions that can help you manage the disease on your own at home. Lifestyle modifications, paying attention to your diet, and getting enough exercise are all things you can do to help. […] Remaining active with MCTD is important to living well. Regular exercise can help with your pain and fatigue and prevent further complications. […] Follow the advice of your healthcare provider regarding activity level if your disease is active. Your practitioner will probably advise you to not exercise on inflamed joints, as this can lead to injury or joint damage. […] If you have difficulty finding an exercise routine that works for you, talk to your healthcare provider. They can prescribe physical therapy and a therapist can work with you to develop a routine that benefits your body and works with your symptoms.

• #48 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a rare autoimmune disorder. […] Since this disease can affect various organs such as skin, muscle, the digestive system and lungs, as well as your joints, treatment is targeted to manage the major areas of involvement. […] Medication can help manage the symptoms of MCTD. Some people only require treatment of their disease when it flares up, but others may need long-term treatment. […] In addition to medication, several lifestyle changes can also help: Get regular exercise as much as possible. A moderate level of physical activity four to five times per week will help improve muscle strength, reduce blood pressure, and decrease your risk for heart disease. […] Talk to your doctor about establishing a long-term treatment and management plan that works best for your symptoms. […] A referral to a rheumatology specialist might be helpful due to the potential complexity of this disease.

• #49 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: Coping, Support, and Living Well

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-coping-5104817

  It is important to follow your healthcare providers treatment plan and ask questions if you don’t understand. […] To help you live well with MCTD, your practitioner may also make self-care suggestions that can help you manage the disease on your own at home. Lifestyle modifications, paying attention to your diet, and getting enough exercise are all things you can do to help. […] Remaining active with MCTD is important to living well. Regular exercise can help with your pain and fatigue and prevent further complications. […] Follow the advice of your healthcare provider regarding activity level if your disease is active. Your practitioner will probably advise you to not exercise on inflamed joints, as this can lead to injury or joint damage. […] If you have difficulty finding an exercise routine that works for you, talk to your healthcare provider. They can prescribe physical therapy and a therapist can work with you to develop a routine that benefits your body and works with your symptoms.

• #50 Mixed connective tissue disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375152

  There’s no cure for mixed connective tissue disease. Medication can help manage the signs and symptoms. […] Other ways to control symptoms of mixed connective tissue disease include: […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These medications, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve), might help relieve the pain and inflammation if your condition is mild. […] Protecting hands from cold. Wearing gloves and taking other measures to keep your hands warm can help prevent Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] Not smoking. Smoking causes blood vessels to narrow, which can worsen the effects of Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] Reducing stress. Raynaud’s phenomenon is often triggered by stress. Relaxation techniques such as slowing and focusing on your breathing can help reduce your stress levels.

• #51 Mixed connective tissue disease | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20375131/

  Theres no cure for mixed connective tissue disease. Treatment depends on how severe the disease is and the organs involved. […] Medication can help manage the signs and symptoms. […] The type of medication prescribed depends on the severity of your disease and your symptoms. […] Other ways to control symptoms of mixed connective tissue disease include: […] Protecting hands from cold. Wearing gloves and taking other measures to keep your hands warm can help prevent Raynauds phenomenon. […] Reducing stress. Raynauds phenomenon is often triggered by stress. Relaxation techniques such as slowing and focusing on your breathing can help reduce your stress levels.

• #52 Mixed connective tissue disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375152

  There’s no cure for mixed connective tissue disease. Medication can help manage the signs and symptoms. […] Other ways to control symptoms of mixed connective tissue disease include: […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These medications, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve), might help relieve the pain and inflammation if your condition is mild. […] Protecting hands from cold. Wearing gloves and taking other measures to keep your hands warm can help prevent Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] Not smoking. Smoking causes blood vessels to narrow, which can worsen the effects of Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] Reducing stress. Raynaud’s phenomenon is often triggered by stress. Relaxation techniques such as slowing and focusing on your breathing can help reduce your stress levels.

• #53 Mixed connective tissue disease – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375152

  There’s no cure for mixed connective tissue disease. Medication can help manage the signs and symptoms. […] Other ways to control symptoms of mixed connective tissue disease include: […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These medications, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or naproxen sodium (Aleve), might help relieve the pain and inflammation if your condition is mild. […] Protecting hands from cold. Wearing gloves and taking other measures to keep your hands warm can help prevent Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] Not smoking. Smoking causes blood vessels to narrow, which can worsen the effects of Raynaud’s phenomenon. […] Reducing stress. Raynaud’s phenomenon is often triggered by stress. Relaxation techniques such as slowing and focusing on your breathing can help reduce your stress levels.

• #54 Mixed connective tissue disease | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20375131/

  Theres no cure for mixed connective tissue disease. Treatment depends on how severe the disease is and the organs involved. […] Medication can help manage the signs and symptoms. […] The type of medication prescribed depends on the severity of your disease and your symptoms. […] Other ways to control symptoms of mixed connective tissue disease include: […] Protecting hands from cold. Wearing gloves and taking other measures to keep your hands warm can help prevent Raynauds phenomenon. […] Reducing stress. Raynauds phenomenon is often triggered by stress. Relaxation techniques such as slowing and focusing on your breathing can help reduce your stress levels.

• #55 Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335815-treatment

  Patients with MCTD that involves esophageal reflux, malabsorption, or other sclerodermatous-type bowel involvement may need special consideration with respect to diet. […] However, no specific dietary manipulations have been demonstrated to be effective in treating MCTD. […] Convincing data support the value of an active lifestyle and an exercise program tailored to the needs of patients with arthritis of various types. This approach also appears to be appropriate in MCTD. […] Scrupulous cold avoidance may help to reduce the risk of flares of Raynaud phenomenon. […] Patients with stable disease and no recent changes in medications should be seen approximately every 2-4 months and undergo routine laboratory evaluation, including a complete blood cell count and chemistry studies. Patients with active disease are typically seen approximately every 3-6 weeks, depending on the severity of disease.

• #56 Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335815-treatment

  Patients with MCTD that involves esophageal reflux, malabsorption, or other sclerodermatous-type bowel involvement may need special consideration with respect to diet. […] However, no specific dietary manipulations have been demonstrated to be effective in treating MCTD. […] Convincing data support the value of an active lifestyle and an exercise program tailored to the needs of patients with arthritis of various types. This approach also appears to be appropriate in MCTD. […] Scrupulous cold avoidance may help to reduce the risk of flares of Raynaud phenomenon. […] Patients with stable disease and no recent changes in medications should be seen approximately every 2-4 months and undergo routine laboratory evaluation, including a complete blood cell count and chemistry studies. Patients with active disease are typically seen approximately every 3-6 weeks, depending on the severity of disease.

• #57 Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335815-treatment

  Patients with MCTD that involves esophageal reflux, malabsorption, or other sclerodermatous-type bowel involvement may need special consideration with respect to diet. […] However, no specific dietary manipulations have been demonstrated to be effective in treating MCTD. […] Convincing data support the value of an active lifestyle and an exercise program tailored to the needs of patients with arthritis of various types. This approach also appears to be appropriate in MCTD. […] Scrupulous cold avoidance may help to reduce the risk of flares of Raynaud phenomenon. […] Patients with stable disease and no recent changes in medications should be seen approximately every 2-4 months and undergo routine laboratory evaluation, including a complete blood cell count and chemistry studies. Patients with active disease are typically seen approximately every 3-6 weeks, depending on the severity of disease.

• #58 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: Coping, Support, and Living Well

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-coping-5104817

  Living with a chronic illness can feel overwhelming at times but the more you educate yourself and seek the help you need, the more control you’ll feel over your life and your health. Having a good team in place to help you navigate life with MCTD is imperative, so is learning when and how to ask for certain accommodations at work. […] One of the most important aspects of living well with MCTD is to put together a healthcare team that can oversee your well-being. […] This team should be comprised of professionals who you trust and feel comfortable around. […] You might not have thought much about your medical team when you only saw your primary healthcare provider once or twice a year for check-ups. You will most likely see your team more often to monitor your condition, so it is important to find a medical professional, or practitioners, you love. […] Disclosing your diagnosis to your workplace is a personal choice and not required. However, if you feel that you need accommodations to perform your job, you may consider revealing your MCTD diagnosis so that you can ask for proper accommodations.

• #59 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15039-mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  MCTD can be difficult for healthcare providers to diagnose because the three conditions (lupus, scleroderma and polymyositis) that combine and cause it usually dont happen at the same time. […] Treatment for MCTD depends on which organs are affected, your symptoms and how severe your condition is. Some people may need treatment only during flare-ups, while others may require constant care. […] If you have mixed connective tissue disease, youll likely need prescription medications to manage your symptoms. But you can also take steps to manage the disease on your own by: […] You must see your healthcare provider on a regular basis to monitor and control these possible effects. […] People who have a long-term, incurable condition like MCTD should develop ways of dealing with their disease. This includes: […] You should see a healthcare provider if you develop any of the signs or symptoms of a connective tissue disease, especially if they interfere with your daily routine.

• #60 What Is Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)? Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/lupus/what-is-mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) is a rare autoimmune disorder. […] There is no known cure for the condition, but MCTD treatments can help manage its signs and symptoms. […] The treatment can vary depending on the type of connective tissue diseases you have, how severe they are, and how quickly the condition advances. […] People with a mild form of MCTD may need only low doses of non-steroidal inflammatory drugs. […] For moderate or severe forms of MCTD, your doctor may prescribe higher doses of corticosteroids. […] People who have MCTD may find it easier to deal with the condition by seeking the help of mental health professionals, nutritionists, and support groups. […] With proper care and treatment, 80% of people with MCTD can live at least 10 years after the diagnosis of the condition.

• #61 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: Coping, Support, and Living Well

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-coping-5104817

  Living with a chronic illness can feel overwhelming at times but the more you educate yourself and seek the help you need, the more control you’ll feel over your life and your health. Having a good team in place to help you navigate life with MCTD is imperative, so is learning when and how to ask for certain accommodations at work. […] One of the most important aspects of living well with MCTD is to put together a healthcare team that can oversee your well-being. […] This team should be comprised of professionals who you trust and feel comfortable around. […] You might not have thought much about your medical team when you only saw your primary healthcare provider once or twice a year for check-ups. You will most likely see your team more often to monitor your condition, so it is important to find a medical professional, or practitioners, you love. […] Disclosing your diagnosis to your workplace is a personal choice and not required. However, if you feel that you need accommodations to perform your job, you may consider revealing your MCTD diagnosis so that you can ask for proper accommodations.

• #62

  https://arthritis.ca/about-arthritis/arthritis-types-(a-z)/types/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-(mctd)

  Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, regular exercise and relaxation techniques are very important parts of your overall treatment plan. Although you can undertake many of these activities on your own, it is important to assemble a health-care team who can help oversee and direct your self-management efforts. Learning as much as you can about the disease is also important to help you make informed decisions about treatment and lifestyle, and maximize your quality of life. […] These healthcare professions have advanced training from a university and are registered to practice by their provincial/territorial association. A physiotherapist (PT) can develop an individualized program designed to help you increase your strength, flexibility, range-of-motion, and general mobility and exercise tolerance through a wide variety of therapeutic treatments and strategies.

• #63 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542198/

  Collaborate with an interprofessional healthcare team to provide comprehensive care and optimal outcomes for patients with mixed connective tissue disease. […] Evaluating MCTD requires a comprehensive understanding of its diverse clinical manifestations and overlapping features with other connective tissue diseases. Clinicians must utilize a combination of detailed patient history, physical examination, and targeted diagnostic tests to diagnose and assess MCTD accurately. […] An interprofessional team approach is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and patient quality of life. Pulmonologists, cardiologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialist referrals should be made based on concerns for specific organ involvement. Physicians, advanced practitioners, and nurses should provide coordinated patient education to ensure patients understand the associated signs and symptoms and when to seek medical attention.

• #64 Mixed connective tissue disease // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  There’s no cure for mixed connective tissue disease. Treatment depends on how severe the disease is and the organs involved. […] Medication can help manage the signs and symptoms. […] The type of medication prescribed depends on the severity of your disease and your symptoms. […] Other ways to control symptoms of mixed connective tissue disease include: […] You might be referred to a doctor who specializes in joint diseases (rheumatologist). […] Have a friend or relative accompany you to your appointment to help you retain the information you get. […] Don’t hesitate to ask other questions.

• #65 Mixed connective tissue disease // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  There’s no cure for mixed connective tissue disease. Treatment depends on how severe the disease is and the organs involved. […] Medication can help manage the signs and symptoms. […] The type of medication prescribed depends on the severity of your disease and your symptoms. […] Other ways to control symptoms of mixed connective tissue disease include: […] You might be referred to a doctor who specializes in joint diseases (rheumatologist). […] Have a friend or relative accompany you to your appointment to help you retain the information you get. […] Don’t hesitate to ask other questions.

• #66 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease | The MetroHealth System

  https://www.metrohealth.org/rheumatology/mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  Mixed connective tissue disease can cause life-threatening complications such as pulmonary hypertension, kidney failure, heart attack, infections, stroke or the development of holes in the colon (the lower part of the large intestine). In these cases, patients need stronger treatment. This usually includes larger doses of corticosteroids. […] This condition is treated much like lupus. […] Corticosteroids, especially when given early in the course of the disease, can be helpful in managing the symptoms. […] Mild forms of the condition can be controlled with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, antimalarial drugs or very low doses of corticosteroids. In some patients, the symptoms disappear for many years (go into remission) and don’t require ongoing corticosteroids.

• #67

  https://step2.medbullets.com/rheumatology/121713/mixed-connective-tissue-disorder-mctd

  Treatment is aimed at controlling symptoms and is targeted at organ involvement […] Medical prednisone indications responsive in patients presenting with symptoms consistent with SLE in patients with fatigue, myositis, myalgias, arthralgias, pleuritis, pericarditis, autoimmune anemia, and thrombocytopenia […] calcium channel blockers indications pulmonary arterial hypertension Raynaud’s phenomenon […] The major cause of death is pulmonary hypertension in MCTD […] Generally a favorable outcome.

• #68 Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335815-treatment

  Recommendations for screening and early detection of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) associated with connective tissue diseases, including MCTD, have been published by the Scleroderma Foundation and Pulmonary Hypertension Association. […] Abnormalities on noninvasive tests require confirmation with right heart catheterization, which remains the gold standard for diagnosis of PAH.

• #69 Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease (MCTD) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Consultations, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335815-treatment

  Recommendations for screening and early detection of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) associated with connective tissue diseases, including MCTD, have been published by the Scleroderma Foundation and Pulmonary Hypertension Association. […] Abnormalities on noninvasive tests require confirmation with right heart catheterization, which remains the gold standard for diagnosis of PAH.

• #70 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/systemic-rheumatic-diseases/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-mctd

  All patients should be closely monitored for atherosclerosis. Patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy should receive osteoporosis prophylaxis. […] If patients develop dominant features of myositis or systemic sclerosis, treatment is as for those diseases. […] Patients with Raynaud syndrome should be treated based on their symptoms and as tolerated by their blood pressure with calcium channel blockers (eg, nifedipine) and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (eg, tadalafil).

• #71 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/systemic-rheumatic-diseases/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-mctd

  All patients should be closely monitored for atherosclerosis. Patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy should receive osteoporosis prophylaxis. […] If patients develop dominant features of myositis or systemic sclerosis, treatment is as for those diseases. […] Patients with Raynaud syndrome should be treated based on their symptoms and as tolerated by their blood pressure with calcium channel blockers (eg, nifedipine) and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (eg, tadalafil).

• #72 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (Sharp’s disease) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-sharps-disease/

  With time, additional signs and symptoms may develop that will alter the initial diagnosis. […] Patients who develop myositis should be treated with systemic glucocorticoids at doses of 1 mg/kg/day. […] Patients with myositis should have a baseline bone density evaluation, such as a DEXA scan, and should be started on prophylactic calcium, vitamin D and bisphosphonates at the initiation of steroid therapy. […] Patients who develop signs of systemic vasculitis, renal involvement, ILD, and/or PAH should be referred to the appropriate medical sub-specialties.

• #73 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (Sharp’s disease) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-sharps-disease/

  With time, additional signs and symptoms may develop that will alter the initial diagnosis. […] Patients who develop myositis should be treated with systemic glucocorticoids at doses of 1 mg/kg/day. […] Patients with myositis should have a baseline bone density evaluation, such as a DEXA scan, and should be started on prophylactic calcium, vitamin D and bisphosphonates at the initiation of steroid therapy. […] Patients who develop signs of systemic vasculitis, renal involvement, ILD, and/or PAH should be referred to the appropriate medical sub-specialties.

• #74 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (Sharp’s disease) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-sharps-disease/

  With time, additional signs and symptoms may develop that will alter the initial diagnosis. […] Patients who develop myositis should be treated with systemic glucocorticoids at doses of 1 mg/kg/day. […] Patients with myositis should have a baseline bone density evaluation, such as a DEXA scan, and should be started on prophylactic calcium, vitamin D and bisphosphonates at the initiation of steroid therapy. […] Patients who develop signs of systemic vasculitis, renal involvement, ILD, and/or PAH should be referred to the appropriate medical sub-specialties.

• #75 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  People with a mixture of signs and symptoms from several different diseases may have mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). […] Treatment for MCTD depends on which organs are involved and how severe the disease is. Some people need continuous treatment, while others need it only when their symptoms get worse (called flares). Treatment may include: […] MCTD is a serious condition that will likely require prescription drugs, but self-care steps can help to control symptoms, that include:

• #76 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15039-mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  MCTD can be difficult for healthcare providers to diagnose because the three conditions (lupus, scleroderma and polymyositis) that combine and cause it usually dont happen at the same time. […] Treatment for MCTD depends on which organs are affected, your symptoms and how severe your condition is. Some people may need treatment only during flare-ups, while others may require constant care. […] If you have mixed connective tissue disease, youll likely need prescription medications to manage your symptoms. But you can also take steps to manage the disease on your own by: […] You must see your healthcare provider on a regular basis to monitor and control these possible effects. […] People who have a long-term, incurable condition like MCTD should develop ways of dealing with their disease. This includes: […] You should see a healthcare provider if you develop any of the signs or symptoms of a connective tissue disease, especially if they interfere with your daily routine.

• #77 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (Sharp’s disease) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-sharps-disease/

  Patients with MCTD should be monitored for signs and symptoms that would qualify them for diagnoses of SLE, SSc, or polymyositis. […] Regular monitoring for cytopenias via complete blood counts, myositis via creatinine kinase and aldolase, and proteinuria via urinalysis is also recommended. […] Patients with MCTD must have a yearly TTE to assess for PAH and yearly PFTs with DLCO to assess for ILD. […] Development of SLE should prompt initiation of hydroxychloroquine, and counseling on ultra-violet protection. […] Development of myositis should prompt treatment with systemic steroids. […] Development of PAH or ILD should prompt referral to the appropriate medical sub-specialist. […] The patient and their family should be counseled that autoimmune inflammatory diseases are diagnosed based on pattern recognition.

• #78 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (Sharp’s disease) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-sharps-disease/

  Patients with MCTD should be monitored for signs and symptoms that would qualify them for diagnoses of SLE, SSc, or polymyositis. […] Regular monitoring for cytopenias via complete blood counts, myositis via creatinine kinase and aldolase, and proteinuria via urinalysis is also recommended. […] Patients with MCTD must have a yearly TTE to assess for PAH and yearly PFTs with DLCO to assess for ILD. […] Development of SLE should prompt initiation of hydroxychloroquine, and counseling on ultra-violet protection. […] Development of myositis should prompt treatment with systemic steroids. […] Development of PAH or ILD should prompt referral to the appropriate medical sub-specialist. […] The patient and their family should be counseled that autoimmune inflammatory diseases are diagnosed based on pattern recognition.

• #79 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (Sharp’s disease) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/mixed-connective-tissue-disease-sharps-disease/

  With time, additional signs and symptoms may develop that will alter the initial diagnosis. […] Patients who develop myositis should be treated with systemic glucocorticoids at doses of 1 mg/kg/day. […] Patients with myositis should have a baseline bone density evaluation, such as a DEXA scan, and should be started on prophylactic calcium, vitamin D and bisphosphonates at the initiation of steroid therapy. […] Patients who develop signs of systemic vasculitis, renal involvement, ILD, and/or PAH should be referred to the appropriate medical sub-specialties.

• #80 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD), Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease (UCTD), Overlap Syndromes – Rheumatology – Diseases – McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.16.8.

  Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory condition with some features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myositis, rheumatoid arthritis, and a high titer of antibodies against uridine-rich nuclear ribonucleoprotein (anti-U1 RNP). […] Treatment depends on the dominant symptoms and involves treating the internal organ manifestations of MCTD, such as ILD, with immunosuppressive drugs and antifibrotics or with supportive therapies such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics and, depending on organ involvement, motility agents, calcium channel blockers, phosphodiesterase inhibitors (eg, tadalafil), or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). […] The prognosis in patients with MCTD is more favorable than in those with isolated SLE and isolated systemic sclerosis. In some patients the clinical course is mild and remission occurs in the absence of ILD. In the majority of cases, however, the symptoms persist and progress to involve lungs, thus warranting long-term immunosuppressive treatment. Monitoring for cardiopulmonary complications is warranted.

• #81 What Is Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)? Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More

  https://www.webmd.com/lupus/what-is-mixed-connective-tissue-disease

  Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) is a rare autoimmune disorder. […] There is no known cure for the condition, but MCTD treatments can help manage its signs and symptoms. […] The treatment can vary depending on the type of connective tissue diseases you have, how severe they are, and how quickly the condition advances. […] People with a mild form of MCTD may need only low doses of non-steroidal inflammatory drugs. […] For moderate or severe forms of MCTD, your doctor may prescribe higher doses of corticosteroids. […] People who have MCTD may find it easier to deal with the condition by seeking the help of mental health professionals, nutritionists, and support groups. […] With proper care and treatment, 80% of people with MCTD can live at least 10 years after the diagnosis of the condition.

• #82

  https://step2.medbullets.com/rheumatology/121713/mixed-connective-tissue-disorder-mctd

  Treatment is aimed at controlling symptoms and is targeted at organ involvement […] Medical prednisone indications responsive in patients presenting with symptoms consistent with SLE in patients with fatigue, myositis, myalgias, arthralgias, pleuritis, pericarditis, autoimmune anemia, and thrombocytopenia […] calcium channel blockers indications pulmonary arterial hypertension Raynaud’s phenomenon […] The major cause of death is pulmonary hypertension in MCTD […] Generally a favorable outcome.

• #83 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/m/mctd

  MCTD often begins with fever, decreased energy, and weakness. The symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening. Pediatric MCTD can go into periods of remission where symptoms are not present. […] There is no known cure for pediatric MCTD. But, there is effective treatment which can reduce or stop symptoms. This allows children with MCTD to lead healthy, productive lives. […] Treatment will be tailored to a child’s pattern of symptoms. Over time, some patients develop mild arthritis and need only symptom relief. Patients who develop lung disease will need steroids and other immune-suppressing medicines. […] Medications used to treat children with MCTD include: […] For patients with more severe symptoms like lung, kidney or central nervous system disease, drugs called immunosuppressives may be used. These drugs calm the immune system by preventing new autoimmune cells from being formed. […] Pediatric MCTD can be treated. The long-term outcome depends on a child’s disease characteristics and response to medicine. Therefore, the outcome varies and can’t be predicted.

• #84 Mixed connective tissue disease: state of the art on clinical practice guidelines

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6203102/

  Efficient and effective guidelines improve patient care and help medical practice and decision-making. […] Therefore, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the general need for specific recommendations for MCTD. […] To improve management, it would certainly be helpful to develop and validate a (composite) disease activity score for MCTD that takes into account all relevant signs and symptoms. […] Overall, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the need for evidence-based CPGs on MCTD treatment. […] Last but not the least, CPGs on MCTD should also take into account patients point of view in order to improve patients daily quality of care and life. […] This review highlights the absence of specific CPG on MCTD. There is a need for high-quality evidence-based guidelines to assist practitioner and patient decisions about MCTD healthcare. Further CPGs should focus on MCTD diagnosis, evaluations, treatment and patients needs.

• #85 Mixed connective tissue disease: state of the art on clinical practice guidelines

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6203102/

  Efficient and effective guidelines improve patient care and help medical practice and decision-making. […] Therefore, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the general need for specific recommendations for MCTD. […] To improve management, it would certainly be helpful to develop and validate a (composite) disease activity score for MCTD that takes into account all relevant signs and symptoms. […] Overall, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the need for evidence-based CPGs on MCTD treatment. […] Last but not the least, CPGs on MCTD should also take into account patients point of view in order to improve patients daily quality of care and life. […] This review highlights the absence of specific CPG on MCTD. There is a need for high-quality evidence-based guidelines to assist practitioner and patient decisions about MCTD healthcare. Further CPGs should focus on MCTD diagnosis, evaluations, treatment and patients needs.

• #86 Mixed connective tissue disease: state of the art on clinical practice guidelines

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6203102/

  Efficient and effective guidelines improve patient care and help medical practice and decision-making. […] Therefore, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the general need for specific recommendations for MCTD. […] To improve management, it would certainly be helpful to develop and validate a (composite) disease activity score for MCTD that takes into account all relevant signs and symptoms. […] Overall, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the need for evidence-based CPGs on MCTD treatment. […] Last but not the least, CPGs on MCTD should also take into account patients point of view in order to improve patients daily quality of care and life. […] This review highlights the absence of specific CPG on MCTD. There is a need for high-quality evidence-based guidelines to assist practitioner and patient decisions about MCTD healthcare. Further CPGs should focus on MCTD diagnosis, evaluations, treatment and patients needs.

• #87 Mixed connective tissue disease: state of the art on clinical practice guidelines

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6203102/

  Efficient and effective guidelines improve patient care and help medical practice and decision-making. […] Therefore, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the general need for specific recommendations for MCTD. […] To improve management, it would certainly be helpful to develop and validate a (composite) disease activity score for MCTD that takes into account all relevant signs and symptoms. […] Overall, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the need for evidence-based CPGs on MCTD treatment. […] Last but not the least, CPGs on MCTD should also take into account patients point of view in order to improve patients daily quality of care and life. […] This review highlights the absence of specific CPG on MCTD. There is a need for high-quality evidence-based guidelines to assist practitioner and patient decisions about MCTD healthcare. Further CPGs should focus on MCTD diagnosis, evaluations, treatment and patients needs.

• #88 Mixed connective tissue disease: state of the art on clinical practice guidelines

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6203102/

  Efficient and effective guidelines improve patient care and help medical practice and decision-making. […] Therefore, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the general need for specific recommendations for MCTD. […] To improve management, it would certainly be helpful to develop and validate a (composite) disease activity score for MCTD that takes into account all relevant signs and symptoms. […] Overall, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the need for evidence-based CPGs on MCTD treatment. […] Last but not the least, CPGs on MCTD should also take into account patients point of view in order to improve patients daily quality of care and life. […] This review highlights the absence of specific CPG on MCTD. There is a need for high-quality evidence-based guidelines to assist practitioner and patient decisions about MCTD healthcare. Further CPGs should focus on MCTD diagnosis, evaluations, treatment and patients needs.

• #89 Mixed connective tissue disease: state of the art on clinical practice guidelines

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6203102/

  Efficient and effective guidelines improve patient care and help medical practice and decision-making. […] Therefore, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the general need for specific recommendations for MCTD. […] To improve management, it would certainly be helpful to develop and validate a (composite) disease activity score for MCTD that takes into account all relevant signs and symptoms. […] Overall, the ERN-ReCONNET MCTD group agrees on the need for evidence-based CPGs on MCTD treatment. […] Last but not the least, CPGs on MCTD should also take into account patients point of view in order to improve patients daily quality of care and life. […] This review highlights the absence of specific CPG on MCTD. There is a need for high-quality evidence-based guidelines to assist practitioner and patient decisions about MCTD healthcare. Further CPGs should focus on MCTD diagnosis, evaluations, treatment and patients needs.

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