Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Encopresis in Children | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/encopresis

  Encopresis is the involuntary leaking of feces, most often caused by chronic constipation. An estimated 1 to 3 percent of children have this problem at one time or another in childhood. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] Treatment for encopresis depends on the root cause. […] If encopresis is caused by constipation, treatment may include laxatives to help the child pass the impacted stool. […] The physicians and nurse practitioners in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at Boston Children’s Hospital are experts in helping children have regular bowel movements on the toilet.

• #2 Encopresis Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17849-encopresis-soiling

  Encopresis is a condition where a toilet-trained child has bowel movements when they are not on the toilet. Constipation usually causes these accidents. While encopresis can be frustrating, as a parent, have patience and offer encouragement as your child adjusts to toilet training. […] Encopresis, also known as functional fecal incontinence or soiling, is when children pass stool (poop) into their underwear, in most cases accidentally. […] The most common cause of encopresis is constipation. When a child experiences constipation, its difficult to have a bowel movement because their stool is dry and hard inside their colon and it can be painful to pass. […] Treatment is unique to each child diagnosed with encopresis and could include: Removal of any stool ball. Taking stool softeners, laxatives or enemas to ensure regular, soft stools. Scheduled toilet sitting. Eating a diet high in fiber (fruits, whole grains, vegetables). Drinking plenty of water.

• #3 Encopresis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/encopresis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354494

  Encopresis (en-ko-PREE-sis), sometimes called fecal incontinence or soiling, is the repeated passing of stool (usually involuntarily) into clothing. Typically it happens when impacted stool collects in the colon and rectum: The colon becomes too full and liquid stool leaks around the retained stool, staining underwear. Eventually, stool retention can cause stretching (distention) of the bowels and loss of control over bowel movements. […] Encopresis usually occurs after age 4, when a child has already learned to use a toilet. In most cases, soiling is a symptom of long-standing constipation. Far less frequently it occurs without constipation and may be the result of emotional issues. […] Encopresis can be frustrating for parents and embarrassing for the child. However, with patience and positive reinforcement, treatment for encopresis is usually successful.

• #4 Encopresis Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17849-encopresis-soiling

  Encopresis is a condition where a toilet-trained child has bowel movements when they are not on the toilet. Constipation usually causes these accidents. While encopresis can be frustrating, as a parent, have patience and offer encouragement as your child adjusts to toilet training. […] Encopresis, also known as functional fecal incontinence or soiling, is when children pass stool (poop) into their underwear, in most cases accidentally. […] The most common cause of encopresis is constipation. When a child experiences constipation, its difficult to have a bowel movement because their stool is dry and hard inside their colon and it can be painful to pass. […] Treatment is unique to each child diagnosed with encopresis and could include: Removal of any stool ball. Taking stool softeners, laxatives or enemas to ensure regular, soft stools. Scheduled toilet sitting. Eating a diet high in fiber (fruits, whole grains, vegetables). Drinking plenty of water.

• #5 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  If your child has bowel movements (BMs) in places other than the toilet, you know how frustrating it can be. […] But many kids beyond the age of toilet teaching (generally older than 4 years) who soil their underwear have a condition known as encopresis (en-kah-PREE-sis). They have a problem with their bowels that dulls the normal urge to go to the bathroom. So they can’t control the accidents that usually follow. […] Encopresis isn’t a disease. It’s a symptom that may have different causes. […] Soiling and constipation are a top reason that kids go to see pediatric gastroenterologists (doctors who diagnose and treat disorders of the stomach and intestines). […] Encopresis is not a behavioral issue or a simple lack of self-control. Punishing or humiliating a child with encopresis will only make matters worse.

• #6 About Encopresis – Department of Pediatrics

  https://med.virginia.edu/pediatrics/clinical-and-patient-services/patient-tutorials/chronic-constipation-encopresis/about-encopresis/

  When somebody suffers from encopresis it means that he or she cant control their bowel movements and pass bowel movements in their underwear. Soiling and fecal incontinence mean the same thing. […] In most cases, encopresis is not primarily a behavioral problem. Children do not have these accidents out of spite or because they are lazy. Instead, many behavioral problems develop because of the encopresis, and once the encopresis is treated, many of the behavioral problems may resolve. […] Since most cases of childhood encopresis result from constipation, treatment is similar. It is important to remember that although most encopresis begins with constipation, by the time soiling develops, most children are no longer experiencing lots of pain with bowel movements. In children with encopresis, avoidance of the toilet is often a habit that began long ago. Also, children with encopresis often dont have the normal urge to go to the bathroom.

• #7 Encopresis – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/programs-services/gastroenterology/constipation/encopresis/

  Any child with chronic constipation may develop encopresis. Some of the situations that lead to constipation include the following: Eating a high-fat, high-sugar, “junk-food” diet, Not drinking enough water, Lack of exercise, Reluctance to use public bathrooms, Stress in the family, with friends or at school, Too busy playing to take time to use the bathroom, Change in bathroom routine, such as when a child starts a new school year and bathroom breaks are less frequent than they were over the summer. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. Impacted stool in the intestine can cause abdominal pain, as well as loss of appetite. Some children may develop bladder infections. Other health problems may cause chronic constipation, including diabetes, hypothyroidism, Hirschsprung’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Children with encopresis usually do not have control of this leakage of stool and may become upset, ashamed or embarrassed when leakage occurs and they soil their clothes. Their self-esteem and interactions with other people can be affected, and they may avoid going to school, playing with friends or spending the night away from home. Parents may feel guilt, shame or anger because of their child’s encopresis.

• #8 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  There are two basic categories of encopresis i) primary encopresis-which refers to children who have never attained bowel control, ii) secondary encopresis-which refers to soiling after successfully attaining toilet control usually brought upon by entering a stressful environment (such as family conflict). […] This concise course delivers evidence-based strategies and practical techniques to help parents effectively manage childhood encopresis, supporting your child’s journey to confidence and wellbeing. […] Parents of children with encopresis often feel frustrated as they often believe that their children play an active role in controlling their bowel movements. […] Functional constipation (persistent constipation with incomplete defecation without evidence of a structural or biochemical explanation) is one of the main causes of encopresis, accounting for 90% of cases amongst children (Har Croffle, 2010).

• #9 Encopresis DSM-5 307.7 (F98.1)

  https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/encopresis-dsm–5-307.7-(f98.1)

  Encopresis is essentially a repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places, such as on clothing or the floor. While typically the passage is involuntary in nature, it can be intentional in some cases. If the passage is involuntary, it is often related to constipation, impaction and retention with a resultant overflow (Klyko Kay 2012). […] According to DSM-5, there are 4 features that must be present to support a diagnosis of encopresis: Patients chronological age must be at least 4 years; A repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places, e.g., clothing or floor. This can be either intentional or involuntary; At least one such event must occur every month for at least 3 months; The behavior is not attributable to the effects of a substance, e.g., laxative, or another medical condition, with the exception of a mechanism involving constipation.

• #10 Encopresis DSM-5 307.7 (F98.1)

  https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/encopresis-dsm–5-307.7-(f98.1)

  Encopresis is essentially a repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places, such as on clothing or the floor. While typically the passage is involuntary in nature, it can be intentional in some cases. If the passage is involuntary, it is often related to constipation, impaction and retention with a resultant overflow (Klyko Kay 2012). […] According to DSM-5, there are 4 features that must be present to support a diagnosis of encopresis: Patients chronological age must be at least 4 years; A repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places, e.g., clothing or floor. This can be either intentional or involuntary; At least one such event must occur every month for at least 3 months; The behavior is not attributable to the effects of a substance, e.g., laxative, or another medical condition, with the exception of a mechanism involving constipation.

• #11 Encopresis | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688741/all/Encopresis

  Defined by DSM-5 and Rome IV diagnostic criteria as repetitive and inappropriate passage of feces. […] Diagnostic criteria: chronological and developmental age of at least 4 years; repeated passage of stool in inappropriate placesfloors, clothes; symptoms mostly involuntary but may be intentional; at least one event per month for 3 months; behavior cant be explained by other medical conditions or use of substances (e.g., laxatives); excludes mechanisms involving constipation. […] In 90% of cases, encopresis develops as a consequence of chronic constipation, with resulting overflow incontinence (retentive encopresis). […] Chronic constipation with irregular and incomplete evacuation results in progressive rectal distension and stretching of the internal/external anal sphincters. […] Family education: toilet training when ready; optimize fluid and fiber intake.

• #12 Encopresis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/encopresis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354500

  To diagnose encopresis, your child’s doctor may: […] Generally, the earlier that treatment begins for encopresis, the better. The first step involves clearing the colon of retained, impacted stool. After that, treatment focuses on encouraging healthy bowel movements. In some cases, psychotherapy may be a helpful addition to treatment. […] Your child’s doctor may recommend close follow-up to check the progress of the colon clearing. […] Your child’s doctor or mental health professional can discuss techniques for teaching your child to have regular bowel movements. This is sometimes called behavior modification or bowel retraining. […] Your child’s doctor may recommend psychotherapy with a mental health professional if the encopresis may be related to emotional issues. Psychotherapy may also be helpful if your child feels shame, guilt, depression or low self-esteem related to encopresis.

• #13 Encopresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560560/

  Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age. It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of encopresis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team, including pediatricians, child psychiatrists, and pediatric gastroenterologists in approaching and treating children with this condition. […] Encopresis is mainly a clinical diagnosis, and the majority of patients do not need any further testing. […] Successful treatment of encopresis requires a team approach; family members, health care providers, and the patient work as a team for better treatment outcomes. […] Treatment plans should include instructions for initial management, ongoing care, how to address relapses at home, and how/when to follow up for additional help and questions. […] Nursing staff should be familiar with constipation plans and be able to access individual plans in patient charts and be able to answer questions related to these plans over the phone when families call.

• #14 Encopresis (Fecal Soiling) in Children | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/encopresis/

  Encopresis is a problem that children can develop due to chronic constipation. With constipation, children have fewer bowel movements than normal, and the bowel movements they do have can be hard, dry and difficult to pass. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. Impacted stool in the intestine can cause abdominal pain, as well as loss of appetite. Some children develop bladder infections. Other health problems may cause chronic constipation, including diabetes, hypothyroidism, Hirschsprung disease and inflammatory bowel disease. […] Specific treatment for encopresis will be determined by your child’s physician based on the following: The extent of the problem, Your child’s age, overall health, and medical history, The opinion of the physicians involved in the child’s care, Your opinion or preference.

• #15 Encopresis – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/programs-services/gastroenterology/constipation/encopresis/

  The following are the most common symptoms of encopresis. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: Loose, watery stools, Involuntary stooling, or needing to have a bowel movement with little or no warning, which may soil underwear when a child cannot get to the bathroom in time, Scratching or rubbing of the anal area due to irritation by watery stools, Withdrawal from friends, school and/or family, Hiding their underwear. […] Specific treatment for encopresis will be determined by your child’s doctor based on the following: The extent of the problem, Your child’s age, overall health and medical history, The opinion of the health care providers involved in the child’s care, The family’s opinion or preference. Treatment for encopresis may include: Removing the impacted stool, Keeping bowel movements soft so the stool will pass easily, Retraining the intestine and rectum to gain control over bowel movements.

• #16 Encopresis – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/programs-services/gastroenterology/constipation/encopresis/

  The following are the most common symptoms of encopresis. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: Loose, watery stools, Involuntary stooling, or needing to have a bowel movement with little or no warning, which may soil underwear when a child cannot get to the bathroom in time, Scratching or rubbing of the anal area due to irritation by watery stools, Withdrawal from friends, school and/or family, Hiding their underwear. […] Specific treatment for encopresis will be determined by your child’s doctor based on the following: The extent of the problem, Your child’s age, overall health and medical history, The opinion of the health care providers involved in the child’s care, The family’s opinion or preference. Treatment for encopresis may include: Removing the impacted stool, Keeping bowel movements soft so the stool will pass easily, Retraining the intestine and rectum to gain control over bowel movements.

• #17 Encopresis – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/programs-services/gastroenterology/constipation/encopresis/

  Any child with chronic constipation may develop encopresis. Some of the situations that lead to constipation include the following: Eating a high-fat, high-sugar, “junk-food” diet, Not drinking enough water, Lack of exercise, Reluctance to use public bathrooms, Stress in the family, with friends or at school, Too busy playing to take time to use the bathroom, Change in bathroom routine, such as when a child starts a new school year and bathroom breaks are less frequent than they were over the summer. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. Impacted stool in the intestine can cause abdominal pain, as well as loss of appetite. Some children may develop bladder infections. Other health problems may cause chronic constipation, including diabetes, hypothyroidism, Hirschsprung’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Children with encopresis usually do not have control of this leakage of stool and may become upset, ashamed or embarrassed when leakage occurs and they soil their clothes. Their self-esteem and interactions with other people can be affected, and they may avoid going to school, playing with friends or spending the night away from home. Parents may feel guilt, shame or anger because of their child’s encopresis.

• #18 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  Overall 30-50% of children with encopresis have a comorbid emotional or behavioural disorder (von Gontard, 2012). […] Encopresis can have a severe effect on the child, family and school environment. […] Studies have shown that encopresis children experience a greater amount of anxiety and depression symptoms, difficulties with attention, more social problems, disruptive behaviours and lower levels of academic performance (Mosca Schatz, 2014). […] While encopresis is a chronic and complex problem amongst many families, it is treatable. […] The first step to treating encopresis is to identify the cause behind the condition and seek medical advice from a pediatrician or GP. […] Behavioural modification with the assistance of a Psychologist is an integral treatment component for encopresis.

• #19 Encopresis – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/programs-services/gastroenterology/constipation/encopresis/

  Any child with chronic constipation may develop encopresis. Some of the situations that lead to constipation include the following: Eating a high-fat, high-sugar, “junk-food” diet, Not drinking enough water, Lack of exercise, Reluctance to use public bathrooms, Stress in the family, with friends or at school, Too busy playing to take time to use the bathroom, Change in bathroom routine, such as when a child starts a new school year and bathroom breaks are less frequent than they were over the summer. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. Impacted stool in the intestine can cause abdominal pain, as well as loss of appetite. Some children may develop bladder infections. Other health problems may cause chronic constipation, including diabetes, hypothyroidism, Hirschsprung’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Children with encopresis usually do not have control of this leakage of stool and may become upset, ashamed or embarrassed when leakage occurs and they soil their clothes. Their self-esteem and interactions with other people can be affected, and they may avoid going to school, playing with friends or spending the night away from home. Parents may feel guilt, shame or anger because of their child’s encopresis.

• #20 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  If your child has bowel movements (BMs) in places other than the toilet, you know how frustrating it can be. […] But many kids beyond the age of toilet teaching (generally older than 4 years) who soil their underwear have a condition known as encopresis (en-kah-PREE-sis). They have a problem with their bowels that dulls the normal urge to go to the bathroom. So they can’t control the accidents that usually follow. […] Encopresis isn’t a disease. It’s a symptom that may have different causes. […] Soiling and constipation are a top reason that kids go to see pediatric gastroenterologists (doctors who diagnose and treat disorders of the stomach and intestines). […] Encopresis is not a behavioral issue or a simple lack of self-control. Punishing or humiliating a child with encopresis will only make matters worse.

• #21 Encopresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560560/

  Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age. It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of encopresis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team, including pediatricians, child psychiatrists, and pediatric gastroenterologists in approaching and treating children with this condition. […] Encopresis is mainly a clinical diagnosis, and the majority of patients do not need any further testing. […] Successful treatment of encopresis requires a team approach; family members, health care providers, and the patient work as a team for better treatment outcomes. […] Treatment plans should include instructions for initial management, ongoing care, how to address relapses at home, and how/when to follow up for additional help and questions. […] Nursing staff should be familiar with constipation plans and be able to access individual plans in patient charts and be able to answer questions related to these plans over the phone when families call.

• #22 Encopresis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/encopresis

  Encopresis is a problem that children age 4 or older can develop due to chronic (long-term) constipation. […] Encopresis in children can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] Children with encopresis may feel emotionally upset by the „accidents” they have when they soil their clothes. […] Treatment for encopresis may include: Removing the impacted stool, Keeping bowel movements soft so the stool will pass more easily, Retraining the intestine and rectum to gain control over bowel movements. […] An enema may be prescribed by your child’s doctor to help remove the impacted stool. […] Your child’s doctor will often prescribe medications to help keep your child’s bowel movements soft for several months. […] If dietary and behavioral changes do not help, or if your child’s doctor notices other problems, they may recommend laxatives, stool softeners, or an enema. […] Until the intestine and rectum regain their muscle tone, children may still have „accidents” and soil their underwear on occasion.

• #23 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  Instead, talk to your doctor for help to get through this challenging but treatable problem. […] Treatment happens in three phases: […] Emptying the rectum and colon of the hard poop. […] Helping your child begin having regular BMs. […] Reducing use of the stool medicines. […] Patience is the key to treating encopresis. It can take several months to a year for the stretched-out colon to return to its normal size and for the nerves in the colon to become effective again. […] Successful treatment of encopresis depends on the support a child gets. Some parents find that positive reinforcement helps to encourage the child throughout treatment. […] Don’t blame or yell it will only make your child feel bad and it won’t help manage the condition. With lots of love, support, and reassurance that they’re not the only one in the world with this problem, your child can overcome encopresis.

• #24 Encopresis – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=encopresis-90-P01992

  Encopresis is when your child leaks stool into his or her underwear. It is also called stool soiling. It is most often because of long-term (chronic) constipation. Encopresis happens to children ages 4 and older who have already been toilet trained. […] Treatment for encopresis may include: Removing the impacted stool, Keeping bowel movements soft so the stool will pass easily, Retraining the intestine and rectum to gain control over bowel movements. […] Your child’s healthcare provider may prescribe an enema to help remove the impacted stool. An enema is a liquid that is placed in your child’s rectum. It helps loosen the hard, dry stool. Never give your child an enema without the approval of your child’s healthcare provider. […] Your child’s healthcare provider will likely prescribe medicines to help keep your child’s bowel movements soft for several months. This will help stop stool from getting impacted again. Never give your child stool softeners without the approval of your child’s healthcare provider.

• #25 Encopresis | Phoenix Children’s Hospital

  https://phoenixchildrens.org/specialties-conditions/encopresis

  Encopresis is when your child leaks stool into their underwear. It’s also called stool soiling. It’s most often because of long-term (chronic) constipation. Encopresis happens to children ages 4 and older who have already been toilet trained. […] Encopresis can be very embarrassing for your child. […] Treatment for encopresis may include: Removing the impacted stool, Keeping bowel movements soft so the stool will pass easily, Retraining the intestine and rectum to gain control over bowel movements. […] Your child’s healthcare provider may prescribe an enema to help remove the impacted stool. […] Your child’s healthcare provider will likely prescribe medicines to help keep your child’s bowel movements soft for several months. This will help stop stool from getting impacted again. […] Treatment may also include diet and lifestyle changes.

• #26 Encopresis – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/programs-services/gastroenterology/constipation/encopresis/

  An enema may be prescribed by your child’s doctor to help remove the impacted stool. An enema is a liquid that is placed in your child’s rectum and helps loosen the hard, dry stool. (DO NOT give your child an enema without the approval of a doctor or other health care provider.) Your child’s doctor will often prescribe medications to help keep your child’s bowel movements soft for several months. This will help prevent stool impaction from occurring again. Please do not give your child stool softeners without the approval of a doctor. […] Changes in your child’s diet will help constipation, and may include: Increasing the amount of fiber in your child’s diet by adding more fruits and vegetables or adding more whole grain cereals and breads, Offering your child fruit juice instead of soft drinks, Encouraging your child to drink more fluids, especially water, Limiting fast foods and junk foods that are usually high in fats and sugars while offering more well-balanced meals and snacks, Limiting drinks with caffeine, such as cola drinks and tea, Limiting whole milk to 16 ounces if your child is 2 years of age and older, but do not eliminate milk altogether.

• #27 Encopresis in Children | Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/e/encopresis

  Your child’s doctor or nurse practitioner will often order medications to help keep your child’s bowel movements soft. This will help your child not hold in the poop and over time will allow the colon to return to its normal shape and function. Please do not give your child stool softeners without the approval of a doctor or nurse practitioner. […] Encourage your child to sit on the toilet at least twice a day for three to five minutes, preferably 15-30 minutes after a meal. Make this time pleasant; do not scold or criticize your child if they are unable to poop. […] Until the lower colon regains muscle tone, children may still soil. Pre-school children may be able to wear disposable training pants until they regain bowel control.

• #28

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/encopresis

  Treatment may also include diet and lifestyle changes. Help your child to eat more fiber by: Adding more fruits and vegetables, Adding more whole-grain cereals and breads. […] Making changes in your child’s diet and activity level may help prevent constipation and stool soiling. […] If your child’s encopresis is caused by another health problem, treating that condition may help. […] You may help prevent stool soiling if you prevent any emotional upsets while your child is toilet training. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] It can also affect how they deal with other people. Children are often ashamed or embarrassed by this problem. […] Encopresis presents challenges for the family. Coordinating care among professionals in the school and medical community is important for recovery.

• #29 Encopresis – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/programs-services/gastroenterology/constipation/encopresis/

  An enema may be prescribed by your child’s doctor to help remove the impacted stool. An enema is a liquid that is placed in your child’s rectum and helps loosen the hard, dry stool. (DO NOT give your child an enema without the approval of a doctor or other health care provider.) Your child’s doctor will often prescribe medications to help keep your child’s bowel movements soft for several months. This will help prevent stool impaction from occurring again. Please do not give your child stool softeners without the approval of a doctor. […] Changes in your child’s diet will help constipation, and may include: Increasing the amount of fiber in your child’s diet by adding more fruits and vegetables or adding more whole grain cereals and breads, Offering your child fruit juice instead of soft drinks, Encouraging your child to drink more fluids, especially water, Limiting fast foods and junk foods that are usually high in fats and sugars while offering more well-balanced meals and snacks, Limiting drinks with caffeine, such as cola drinks and tea, Limiting whole milk to 16 ounces if your child is 2 years of age and older, but do not eliminate milk altogether.

• #30 Encopresis in Children | Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/e/encopresis

  Your child’s doctor or nurse practitioner will often order medications to help keep your child’s bowel movements soft. This will help your child not hold in the poop and over time will allow the colon to return to its normal shape and function. Please do not give your child stool softeners without the approval of a doctor or nurse practitioner. […] Encourage your child to sit on the toilet at least twice a day for three to five minutes, preferably 15-30 minutes after a meal. Make this time pleasant; do not scold or criticize your child if they are unable to poop. […] Until the lower colon regains muscle tone, children may still soil. Pre-school children may be able to wear disposable training pants until they regain bowel control.

• #31 Encopresis – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/programs-services/gastroenterology/constipation/encopresis/

  Have your child sit on the toilet at least twice a day for at least 10 minutes, preferably shortly after a meal. Make this time pleasant; do not scold or criticize the child if they are unable to have a bowel movement. Giving stickers or other small rewards, and making posters that chart your child’s progress can help motivate and encourage him or her.

• #32 Encopresis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/encopresis

  Encopresis is a problem that children age 4 or older can develop due to chronic (long-term) constipation. […] Encopresis in children can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] Children with encopresis may feel emotionally upset by the „accidents” they have when they soil their clothes. […] Treatment for encopresis may include: Removing the impacted stool, Keeping bowel movements soft so the stool will pass more easily, Retraining the intestine and rectum to gain control over bowel movements. […] An enema may be prescribed by your child’s doctor to help remove the impacted stool. […] Your child’s doctor will often prescribe medications to help keep your child’s bowel movements soft for several months. […] If dietary and behavioral changes do not help, or if your child’s doctor notices other problems, they may recommend laxatives, stool softeners, or an enema. […] Until the intestine and rectum regain their muscle tone, children may still have „accidents” and soil their underwear on occasion.

• #33 Encopresis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/encopresis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354500

  To diagnose encopresis, your child’s doctor may: […] Generally, the earlier that treatment begins for encopresis, the better. The first step involves clearing the colon of retained, impacted stool. After that, treatment focuses on encouraging healthy bowel movements. In some cases, psychotherapy may be a helpful addition to treatment. […] Your child’s doctor may recommend close follow-up to check the progress of the colon clearing. […] Your child’s doctor or mental health professional can discuss techniques for teaching your child to have regular bowel movements. This is sometimes called behavior modification or bowel retraining. […] Your child’s doctor may recommend psychotherapy with a mental health professional if the encopresis may be related to emotional issues. Psychotherapy may also be helpful if your child feels shame, guilt, depression or low self-esteem related to encopresis.

• #34 Encopresis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/encopresis

  Seeing a psychotherapist to help the child deal with associated shame, guilt, or loss of self-esteem. […] For encopresis without constipation, the child may need a psychiatric evaluation to find the cause. […] Most children respond well to treatment. Encopresis often recurs, so some children need ongoing treatment. […] Contact your provider for an appointment if a child is over 4 years old and has encopresis. […] Encopresis can be prevented by: […] Toilet training your child at the right age and in a positive way. […] Talking to your provider about things you can do to help your child if your child shows signs of constipation, such as dry, hard, or infrequent stools.

• #35 Encopresis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/encopresis

  Seeing a psychotherapist to help the child deal with associated shame, guilt, or loss of self-esteem. […] For encopresis without constipation, the child may need a psychiatric evaluation to find the cause. […] Most children respond well to treatment. Encopresis often recurs, so some children need ongoing treatment. […] Contact your provider for an appointment if a child is over 4 years old and has encopresis. […] Encopresis can be prevented by: […] Toilet training your child at the right age and in a positive way. […] Talking to your provider about things you can do to help your child if your child shows signs of constipation, such as dry, hard, or infrequent stools.

• #36 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Constipation / Encopresis | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-constipation-encopresis

  Both constipation and encopresis can be uncomfortable and embarrassing, but there are ways to help, like changing what you eat, getting more exercise, and sometimes taking medicine. Its also important for kids with encopresis to know its not their fault and theyre not alone. With the right care and support, they can feel better. […] Conduct a comprehensive nursing assessment for constipation and encopresis. […] Develop individualized nursing care plans for constipation and encopresis. […] Implement and evaluate nursing interventions for constipation and encopresis. […] Assess the anus and rectum for signs of bleeding. […] Administer stool softeners or laxatives; suppositories or enemas as needed. […] Educate patient or caregivers on diet and lifestyle modifications. […] Dietary changes help the colon process stool and help make the stool more easy to pass.

• #37 Encopresis: a guide for psychiatric nurses – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19766926/

  Encopresis is an elimination disorder that involves symptoms of fecal incontinence in children. It affects an estimated 1.5% to 7.5% of children ages 6 to 12 and accounts for approximately 3% to 6% of psychiatric referrals. […] Encopresis is typically treated with nutritional and medical management along with behavioral modification. […] Psychiatric nurses working with patients who have encopresis in inpatient settings will have unique concerns and challenges. […] Specific suggestions for inpatient psychiatric nurses based on published literature and the author’s professional experience are provided.

• #38 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Constipation / Encopresis | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-constipation-encopresis

  Both constipation and encopresis can be uncomfortable and embarrassing, but there are ways to help, like changing what you eat, getting more exercise, and sometimes taking medicine. Its also important for kids with encopresis to know its not their fault and theyre not alone. With the right care and support, they can feel better. […] Conduct a comprehensive nursing assessment for constipation and encopresis. […] Develop individualized nursing care plans for constipation and encopresis. […] Implement and evaluate nursing interventions for constipation and encopresis. […] Assess the anus and rectum for signs of bleeding. […] Administer stool softeners or laxatives; suppositories or enemas as needed. […] Educate patient or caregivers on diet and lifestyle modifications. […] Dietary changes help the colon process stool and help make the stool more easy to pass.

• #39 ENCOPRESIS IHP – SCHOOL NURSING 101

  https://schoolnursing101.com/ihps/encopresis-ihp/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Potential for recurring episodes of bowel incontinence and/or episodes of constipation or diarrhea Related to neuromuscular impairment Interventions The school nurse will identify type of bowel elimination program student requires – diapering or bowel cleansing program. The school nurse will obtain physician’s orders and assist student with elimination needs. The school nurse will establish a plan for monitoring bowel patterns while at school and maintain a daily toileting diary. The school nurse will establish a daily toileting schedule. The school nurse will obtain permission for an unrestricted restroom pass. The school nurse will work with student’s teachers to assign seating next to classroom exit. Expected Outcomes The student will establish a normal pattern of bowel functioning while at school, with no soiling incidents. The student will report to clinic or designated restroom for daily toileting.

• #40 ENCOPRESIS IHP – SCHOOL NURSING 101

  https://schoolnursing101.com/ihps/encopresis-ihp/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Knowledge deficit Related to disease process and management of exacerbations Interventions The school nurse will provide health teaching about disease process. The school nurse will provide parent with a list of available community resources. The school nurse will educate about the importance of daily compliance to plan of care and established action plan The school nurse will provide written instructions for reinforcement and future reference. The school nurse will administer medication/treatments as ordered. Expected Outcomes The student and parent will voice and demonstrate exacerbation „triggers” and signs/symptoms of impending exacerbation. The student and parent will effectively manage disease process. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Potential for infection Related to lack of knowledge. Interventions The school nurse will teach/monitor self-cleansing program. The school nurse will observe for s/s of UTI such as frequent urination, pain, blood in urine, or foul order. The school nurse will recommend good hand-washing and perineal care. The school nurse will encourage adequate fluid and fiber intake Expected Outcomes The student will not experience bladder or kidney infections due to transfer of bacteria.

• #41 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Constipation / Encopresis | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-constipation-encopresis

  Both constipation and encopresis can be uncomfortable and embarrassing, but there are ways to help, like changing what you eat, getting more exercise, and sometimes taking medicine. Its also important for kids with encopresis to know its not their fault and theyre not alone. With the right care and support, they can feel better. […] Conduct a comprehensive nursing assessment for constipation and encopresis. […] Develop individualized nursing care plans for constipation and encopresis. […] Implement and evaluate nursing interventions for constipation and encopresis. […] Assess the anus and rectum for signs of bleeding. […] Administer stool softeners or laxatives; suppositories or enemas as needed. […] Educate patient or caregivers on diet and lifestyle modifications. […] Dietary changes help the colon process stool and help make the stool more easy to pass.

• #42 ENCOPRESIS IHP – SCHOOL NURSING 101

  https://schoolnursing101.com/ihps/encopresis-ihp/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Potential for recurring episodes of bowel incontinence and/or episodes of constipation or diarrhea Related to neuromuscular impairment Interventions The school nurse will identify type of bowel elimination program student requires – diapering or bowel cleansing program. The school nurse will obtain physician’s orders and assist student with elimination needs. The school nurse will establish a plan for monitoring bowel patterns while at school and maintain a daily toileting diary. The school nurse will establish a daily toileting schedule. The school nurse will obtain permission for an unrestricted restroom pass. The school nurse will work with student’s teachers to assign seating next to classroom exit. Expected Outcomes The student will establish a normal pattern of bowel functioning while at school, with no soiling incidents. The student will report to clinic or designated restroom for daily toileting.

• #43 ENCOPRESIS IHP – SCHOOL NURSING 101

  https://schoolnursing101.com/ihps/encopresis-ihp/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Knowledge deficit Related to disease process and management of exacerbations Interventions The school nurse will provide health teaching about disease process. The school nurse will provide parent with a list of available community resources. The school nurse will educate about the importance of daily compliance to plan of care and established action plan The school nurse will provide written instructions for reinforcement and future reference. The school nurse will administer medication/treatments as ordered. Expected Outcomes The student and parent will voice and demonstrate exacerbation „triggers” and signs/symptoms of impending exacerbation. The student and parent will effectively manage disease process. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Potential for infection Related to lack of knowledge. Interventions The school nurse will teach/monitor self-cleansing program. The school nurse will observe for s/s of UTI such as frequent urination, pain, blood in urine, or foul order. The school nurse will recommend good hand-washing and perineal care. The school nurse will encourage adequate fluid and fiber intake Expected Outcomes The student will not experience bladder or kidney infections due to transfer of bacteria.

• #44 Managing Encopresis in Schools | Show Me School Health

  https://showmeschoolhealth.org/resources/managing-encopresis-in-schools/

  The school nurse should be involved in the development of an Individualized Health Care Plan (IHCP) for a student diagnosed with encopresis. […] The interventions included in the IHCP could include evaluation for a Section 504 Plan, implementing a Toilet Sitting schedule, developing an incentive plan in collaboration with parents/guardians/teacher, and tracking of toilet sitting and bowel movements. […] Fecal incontinence due to overflow does not constitute willful and defiant behavior by the child but actually represents physiologic loss of continence. The child should therefore not be scolded or otherwise punished for episodes of incontinence. Both behavioral interventions and laxatives are important parts of treatment.

• #45 ENCOPRESIS IHP – SCHOOL NURSING 101

  https://schoolnursing101.com/ihps/encopresis-ihp/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Potential for recurring episodes of bowel incontinence and/or episodes of constipation or diarrhea Related to neuromuscular impairment Interventions The school nurse will identify type of bowel elimination program student requires – diapering or bowel cleansing program. The school nurse will obtain physician’s orders and assist student with elimination needs. The school nurse will establish a plan for monitoring bowel patterns while at school and maintain a daily toileting diary. The school nurse will establish a daily toileting schedule. The school nurse will obtain permission for an unrestricted restroom pass. The school nurse will work with student’s teachers to assign seating next to classroom exit. Expected Outcomes The student will establish a normal pattern of bowel functioning while at school, with no soiling incidents. The student will report to clinic or designated restroom for daily toileting.

• #46 ENCOPRESIS IHP – SCHOOL NURSING 101

  https://schoolnursing101.com/ihps/encopresis-ihp/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Knowledge deficit Related to disease process and management of exacerbations Interventions The school nurse will provide health teaching about disease process. The school nurse will provide parent with a list of available community resources. The school nurse will educate about the importance of daily compliance to plan of care and established action plan The school nurse will provide written instructions for reinforcement and future reference. The school nurse will administer medication/treatments as ordered. Expected Outcomes The student and parent will voice and demonstrate exacerbation „triggers” and signs/symptoms of impending exacerbation. The student and parent will effectively manage disease process. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Potential for infection Related to lack of knowledge. Interventions The school nurse will teach/monitor self-cleansing program. The school nurse will observe for s/s of UTI such as frequent urination, pain, blood in urine, or foul order. The school nurse will recommend good hand-washing and perineal care. The school nurse will encourage adequate fluid and fiber intake Expected Outcomes The student will not experience bladder or kidney infections due to transfer of bacteria.

• #47 ENCOPRESIS IHP – SCHOOL NURSING 101

  https://schoolnursing101.com/ihps/encopresis-ihp/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Potential for skin breakdown Related to imbalanced nutrition, recurring episodes of incontinence, and/or improper hygiene. Related to lack of knowledge. Interventions The school nurse will develop a standard clean-up procedure that student can perform independently. The school nurse will provide soap, towels, and cleansing wipes in a private, accessible place. The school nurse will remind parent to provide a change of clothes available at school. The school nurse will monitor skin for signs/symptoms of breakdown. Expected Outcomes The student will adequately clean perineal area after each soiling incident. The student and parent will be able to identify s/s of impending skin breakdown. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Potential for altered nutritional status Related to imbalanced nutrition and/or impaired intestinal absorption. Interventions The school nurse will provide counseling about nutritional guidelines and healthy food choices. The school nurse will discuss student’s food preferences, food intolerances, and nutritional alternatives. The school nurse will educate on the importance of daily high-fiber foods and the importance of drinking an adequate amount of fluids during the school day. The school nurse will obtain permission for use of water bottle in the classroom. The school nurse will modify and/or supplement school lunches to provide adequate intake. Expected Outcomes The student will exhibit no signs/symptoms of impaired nutritional status. The student and caregiver will voice and demonstrate compliance to daily dietary requirements

• #48 ENCOPRESIS IHP – SCHOOL NURSING 101

  https://schoolnursing101.com/ihps/encopresis-ihp/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Potential for low self-esteem Related to recurring episodes of incontinence and/or disturbed body image Interventions The school nurse will encourage student to identify their strengths. The school nurse will teach coping strategies. The school nurse will monitor student for signs of isolation, anxiety, or depression. The school nurse will allow student to express feelings related to school – frustration, isolation, social struggles, etc. The school nurse will identify student’s strengths and reinforce examples of those strengths. The school nurse will provide support, encouragement, and comment of appropriate behaviors. The school nurse will obtain in-school counseling, if needed. Expected Outcomes The student will participate in daily social activities with appropriate peer groups. The student will feel comfortable with discussing issues related to disease process.

• #49

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/encopresis

  Treatment may also include diet and lifestyle changes. Help your child to eat more fiber by: Adding more fruits and vegetables, Adding more whole-grain cereals and breads. […] Making changes in your child’s diet and activity level may help prevent constipation and stool soiling. […] If your child’s encopresis is caused by another health problem, treating that condition may help. […] You may help prevent stool soiling if you prevent any emotional upsets while your child is toilet training. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] It can also affect how they deal with other people. Children are often ashamed or embarrassed by this problem. […] Encopresis presents challenges for the family. Coordinating care among professionals in the school and medical community is important for recovery.

• #50 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Making changes in your child’s diet and activity level may help prevent constipation and stool soiling. But solving encopresis may be harder for some children. […] If your child’s encopresis is caused by another health problem, treating that condition may help. […] You can also help your child have regular bowel movements by making some diet and lifestyle changes. Give your child high-fiber foods and limit high-fat and high-sugar foods. Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids, such as water. And keep your child physically active. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] It can also affect how they deal with other people. Children are often ashamed or embarrassed by this problem. […] It’s important to be patient with your child. Don’t blame, get angry at, or punish your child for having an accident. Give your child love and support. […] Encopresis presents challenges for the family. Coordinating care among professionals in the school and medical community is important for recovery.

• #51

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh5041

  Give your child plenty of water and other fluids. Offer your child lots of high-fibre foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. […] Make sure your child does not eat or drink too many dairy products. This includes milk and milk products, such as cheese, yogurt, and ice cream. Too much dairy may make stools hard. […] Be patient, and give your child time to sit on the toilet for as long as it takes. Help your child feel comfortable and safe on the toilet. But do not force your child to sit on the toilet. […] Encourage your child to use the toilet when they have the urge. But do not scold or punish your child for not using the toilet. […] Talk to your child’s teacher or school counsellor about things to do to support your child. This help can include giving your child permission to go to the washroom at any time.

• #52 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  Instead, talk to your doctor for help to get through this challenging but treatable problem. […] Treatment happens in three phases: […] Emptying the rectum and colon of the hard poop. […] Helping your child begin having regular BMs. […] Reducing use of the stool medicines. […] Patience is the key to treating encopresis. It can take several months to a year for the stretched-out colon to return to its normal size and for the nerves in the colon to become effective again. […] Successful treatment of encopresis depends on the support a child gets. Some parents find that positive reinforcement helps to encourage the child throughout treatment. […] Don’t blame or yell it will only make your child feel bad and it won’t help manage the condition. With lots of love, support, and reassurance that they’re not the only one in the world with this problem, your child can overcome encopresis.

• #53 Encopresis Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17849-encopresis-soiling

  Parents should encourage and offer support to their child by creating a potty routine to keep up with good bowel habits including: Scheduling regular bathroom visits after meals. Praising or rewarding your child for using the toilet regularly. Not scolding or yelling at your child if accidents happen. […] You can prevent encopresis by avoiding constipation and creating positive toileting experiences for your child. […] While you might see some progress early in treatment, it usually takes months for your child to overcome encopresis. There will be accidents along the way. Parents must keep their reactions to accidents low-key and continue to support the child. Most children who receive treatment for encopresis eventually are free from constipation and become accident-free as they grow older.

• #54 Encopresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560560/

  Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age. It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of encopresis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team, including pediatricians, child psychiatrists, and pediatric gastroenterologists in approaching and treating children with this condition. […] Encopresis is mainly a clinical diagnosis, and the majority of patients do not need any further testing. […] Successful treatment of encopresis requires a team approach; family members, health care providers, and the patient work as a team for better treatment outcomes. […] Treatment plans should include instructions for initial management, ongoing care, how to address relapses at home, and how/when to follow up for additional help and questions. […] Nursing staff should be familiar with constipation plans and be able to access individual plans in patient charts and be able to answer questions related to these plans over the phone when families call.

• #55 Constipation in Children and Adolescents: Evaluation and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0500/p469.html

  Encopresis is not mentioned in the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for constipation; however, it is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., as an elimination disorder that can occur with or without fecal retention. Encopresis is the repeated passage of feces in inappropriate places (i.e., clothing or floor), with one or more events occurring each month for three or more months, and the key feature is soiling. […] Clinicians should consider referring children with functional constipation to a child psychologist, particularly when a normal defecating pattern is not restored within three months of starting treatment. […] Parents caring for children with constipation report having unmet needs, including lack of knowledge about medication use, a sense of isolation, feeling blamed for the child’s condition, dealing with treatment failure, and being dismissed by clinicians.

• #56

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/encopresis

  Treatment may also include diet and lifestyle changes. Help your child to eat more fiber by: Adding more fruits and vegetables, Adding more whole-grain cereals and breads. […] Making changes in your child’s diet and activity level may help prevent constipation and stool soiling. […] If your child’s encopresis is caused by another health problem, treating that condition may help. […] You may help prevent stool soiling if you prevent any emotional upsets while your child is toilet training. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] It can also affect how they deal with other people. Children are often ashamed or embarrassed by this problem. […] Encopresis presents challenges for the family. Coordinating care among professionals in the school and medical community is important for recovery.

• #57 Encopresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560560/

  Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age. It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of encopresis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team, including pediatricians, child psychiatrists, and pediatric gastroenterologists in approaching and treating children with this condition. […] Encopresis is mainly a clinical diagnosis, and the majority of patients do not need any further testing. […] Successful treatment of encopresis requires a team approach; family members, health care providers, and the patient work as a team for better treatment outcomes. […] Treatment plans should include instructions for initial management, ongoing care, how to address relapses at home, and how/when to follow up for additional help and questions. […] Nursing staff should be familiar with constipation plans and be able to access individual plans in patient charts and be able to answer questions related to these plans over the phone when families call.

• #58 Encopresis Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17849-encopresis-soiling

  Parents should encourage and offer support to their child by creating a potty routine to keep up with good bowel habits including: Scheduling regular bathroom visits after meals. Praising or rewarding your child for using the toilet regularly. Not scolding or yelling at your child if accidents happen. […] You can prevent encopresis by avoiding constipation and creating positive toileting experiences for your child. […] While you might see some progress early in treatment, it usually takes months for your child to overcome encopresis. There will be accidents along the way. Parents must keep their reactions to accidents low-key and continue to support the child. Most children who receive treatment for encopresis eventually are free from constipation and become accident-free as they grow older.

• #59 Encopresis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/encopresis

  Seeing a psychotherapist to help the child deal with associated shame, guilt, or loss of self-esteem. […] For encopresis without constipation, the child may need a psychiatric evaluation to find the cause. […] Most children respond well to treatment. Encopresis often recurs, so some children need ongoing treatment. […] Contact your provider for an appointment if a child is over 4 years old and has encopresis. […] Encopresis can be prevented by: […] Toilet training your child at the right age and in a positive way. […] Talking to your provider about things you can do to help your child if your child shows signs of constipation, such as dry, hard, or infrequent stools.

• #60 Encopresis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/encopresis

  Seeing a psychotherapist to help the child deal with associated shame, guilt, or loss of self-esteem. […] For encopresis without constipation, the child may need a psychiatric evaluation to find the cause. […] Most children respond well to treatment. Encopresis often recurs, so some children need ongoing treatment. […] Contact your provider for an appointment if a child is over 4 years old and has encopresis. […] Encopresis can be prevented by: […] Toilet training your child at the right age and in a positive way. […] Talking to your provider about things you can do to help your child if your child shows signs of constipation, such as dry, hard, or infrequent stools.

• #61 Encopresis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/encopresis

  Seeing a psychotherapist to help the child deal with associated shame, guilt, or loss of self-esteem. […] For encopresis without constipation, the child may need a psychiatric evaluation to find the cause. […] Most children respond well to treatment. Encopresis often recurs, so some children need ongoing treatment. […] Contact your provider for an appointment if a child is over 4 years old and has encopresis. […] Encopresis can be prevented by: […] Toilet training your child at the right age and in a positive way. […] Talking to your provider about things you can do to help your child if your child shows signs of constipation, such as dry, hard, or infrequent stools.

• #62 Encopresis Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17849-encopresis-soiling

  Parents should encourage and offer support to their child by creating a potty routine to keep up with good bowel habits including: Scheduling regular bathroom visits after meals. Praising or rewarding your child for using the toilet regularly. Not scolding or yelling at your child if accidents happen. […] You can prevent encopresis by avoiding constipation and creating positive toileting experiences for your child. […] While you might see some progress early in treatment, it usually takes months for your child to overcome encopresis. There will be accidents along the way. Parents must keep their reactions to accidents low-key and continue to support the child. Most children who receive treatment for encopresis eventually are free from constipation and become accident-free as they grow older.

• #63 Encopresis in Children | Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/e/encopresis

  Children with encopresis, also called soiling, have bowel movements or leak a small amount of stool in their underclothes or on themselves. Soiling is very common, occurring in at least two out of 100 children. […] Treatment for soiling will be guided by your child’s healthcare team with your and your child’s input. […] Treatment includes: Cleaning the hard stool out of the lower colon, Keeping bowel movements soft so the stool will pass easily, Toilet sitting at least twice a day (if age appropriate), Retraining the intestine and rectum to gain control over bowel movements. […] It is very important that you develop a routine and stick to it. Long-term success depends on how well you can follow the care plan. This treatment will take many months of hard work for you and your child. There is no quick fix for this.

• #64 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  Instead, talk to your doctor for help to get through this challenging but treatable problem. […] Treatment happens in three phases: […] Emptying the rectum and colon of the hard poop. […] Helping your child begin having regular BMs. […] Reducing use of the stool medicines. […] Patience is the key to treating encopresis. It can take several months to a year for the stretched-out colon to return to its normal size and for the nerves in the colon to become effective again. […] Successful treatment of encopresis depends on the support a child gets. Some parents find that positive reinforcement helps to encourage the child throughout treatment. […] Don’t blame or yell it will only make your child feel bad and it won’t help manage the condition. With lots of love, support, and reassurance that they’re not the only one in the world with this problem, your child can overcome encopresis.

• #65

  https://www.shrinerschildrens.org/en/pediatric-care/encopresis

  Shriners Children’s provides specialty care for children with encopresis. […] The goal of our colorectal and gastrointestinal specialty services is to provide children with anal-rectal disorders advanced care and rehabilitation that frees them from social stigma and allows them to live and play like other children. […] Treatment is focused on preventing constipation and can be done through diet and medications. In some cases a bowel management program can be used to identify the correct medication dosage, and rarely, in very severe cases, surgery may be needed to help normalize bowel function and help prevent soiling. […] We provide follow-up care to monitor your child’s health, prevent problems, manage symptoms and give your child the best quality of life. […] Our goal is for your child to empty their bowel daily with no accidents and to live with as few limitations as possible. Success depends on your child’s condition and following your plan closely. […] Many incontinent children can be more active, social, happy and independent if they have a plan for bowel management that works for them.

• #66 Encopresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560560/

  Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age. It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of encopresis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team, including pediatricians, child psychiatrists, and pediatric gastroenterologists in approaching and treating children with this condition. […] Encopresis is mainly a clinical diagnosis, and the majority of patients do not need any further testing. […] Successful treatment of encopresis requires a team approach; family members, health care providers, and the patient work as a team for better treatment outcomes. […] Treatment plans should include instructions for initial management, ongoing care, how to address relapses at home, and how/when to follow up for additional help and questions. […] Nursing staff should be familiar with constipation plans and be able to access individual plans in patient charts and be able to answer questions related to these plans over the phone when families call.

• #67

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/encopresis

  Encopresis is when your child leaks stool into their underwear. It’s also called stool soiling. It’s most often because of long-term (chronic) constipation. Encopresis happens to children ages 4 and older who have already been toilet trained. […] Encopresis can be very embarrassing for your child. […] Treatment for encopresis may include: Removing the impacted stool, Keeping bowel movements soft so the stool will pass easily, Retraining the intestine and rectum to gain control over bowel movements. […] Your child’s healthcare provider may prescribe an enema to help remove the impacted stool. An enema is a liquid that is placed in your child’s rectum. It helps loosen the hard, dry stool. […] Your child’s healthcare provider will likely prescribe medicines to help keep your child’s bowel movements soft for several months. This will help stop stool from getting impacted again.

• #68 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  Instead, talk to your doctor for help to get through this challenging but treatable problem. […] Treatment happens in three phases: […] Emptying the rectum and colon of the hard poop. […] Helping your child begin having regular BMs. […] Reducing use of the stool medicines. […] Patience is the key to treating encopresis. It can take several months to a year for the stretched-out colon to return to its normal size and for the nerves in the colon to become effective again. […] Successful treatment of encopresis depends on the support a child gets. Some parents find that positive reinforcement helps to encourage the child throughout treatment. […] Don’t blame or yell it will only make your child feel bad and it won’t help manage the condition. With lots of love, support, and reassurance that they’re not the only one in the world with this problem, your child can overcome encopresis.

• #69 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Constipation / Encopresis | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-constipation-encopresis

  Both constipation and encopresis can be uncomfortable and embarrassing, but there are ways to help, like changing what you eat, getting more exercise, and sometimes taking medicine. Its also important for kids with encopresis to know its not their fault and theyre not alone. With the right care and support, they can feel better. […] Conduct a comprehensive nursing assessment for constipation and encopresis. […] Develop individualized nursing care plans for constipation and encopresis. […] Implement and evaluate nursing interventions for constipation and encopresis. […] Assess the anus and rectum for signs of bleeding. […] Administer stool softeners or laxatives; suppositories or enemas as needed. […] Educate patient or caregivers on diet and lifestyle modifications. […] Dietary changes help the colon process stool and help make the stool more easy to pass.

• #70 Managing Encopresis in Schools | Show Me School Health

  https://showmeschoolhealth.org/resources/managing-encopresis-in-schools/

  The school nurse should be involved in the development of an Individualized Health Care Plan (IHCP) for a student diagnosed with encopresis. […] The interventions included in the IHCP could include evaluation for a Section 504 Plan, implementing a Toilet Sitting schedule, developing an incentive plan in collaboration with parents/guardians/teacher, and tracking of toilet sitting and bowel movements. […] Fecal incontinence due to overflow does not constitute willful and defiant behavior by the child but actually represents physiologic loss of continence. The child should therefore not be scolded or otherwise punished for episodes of incontinence. Both behavioral interventions and laxatives are important parts of treatment.

• #71 Encopresis Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17849-encopresis-soiling

  It may be challenging as your childs caretaker to deal with encopresis and frequently soiled clothes. Always be patient. Your child will notice if you are angry that they had an accident and they may hide future accidents from you as a result. Always provide positive encouragement for your child and have patience when you toilet train them. A good experience in the bathroom will help your child not be fearful of the toilet and will lead to fewer accidents.

• #72 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Making changes in your child’s diet and activity level may help prevent constipation and stool soiling. But solving encopresis may be harder for some children. […] If your child’s encopresis is caused by another health problem, treating that condition may help. […] You can also help your child have regular bowel movements by making some diet and lifestyle changes. Give your child high-fiber foods and limit high-fat and high-sugar foods. Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids, such as water. And keep your child physically active. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] It can also affect how they deal with other people. Children are often ashamed or embarrassed by this problem. […] It’s important to be patient with your child. Don’t blame, get angry at, or punish your child for having an accident. Give your child love and support. […] Encopresis presents challenges for the family. Coordinating care among professionals in the school and medical community is important for recovery.

• #73 Encopresis Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17849-encopresis-soiling

  Parents should encourage and offer support to their child by creating a potty routine to keep up with good bowel habits including: Scheduling regular bathroom visits after meals. Praising or rewarding your child for using the toilet regularly. Not scolding or yelling at your child if accidents happen. […] You can prevent encopresis by avoiding constipation and creating positive toileting experiences for your child. […] While you might see some progress early in treatment, it usually takes months for your child to overcome encopresis. There will be accidents along the way. Parents must keep their reactions to accidents low-key and continue to support the child. Most children who receive treatment for encopresis eventually are free from constipation and become accident-free as they grow older.

• #74 Encopresis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/encopresis

  Seeing a psychotherapist to help the child deal with associated shame, guilt, or loss of self-esteem. […] For encopresis without constipation, the child may need a psychiatric evaluation to find the cause. […] Most children respond well to treatment. Encopresis often recurs, so some children need ongoing treatment. […] Contact your provider for an appointment if a child is over 4 years old and has encopresis. […] Encopresis can be prevented by: […] Toilet training your child at the right age and in a positive way. […] Talking to your provider about things you can do to help your child if your child shows signs of constipation, such as dry, hard, or infrequent stools.

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