Materiały źródłowe

• #1 5 Things to know about dyspraxia in adults

  https://www.readandspell.com/us/dyspraxia-in-adults

  Dyspraxia is a motor learning disability that can affect gross and fine motor skills coordination and planning ability. […] Because no two people will present with the same set or severity of symptoms, every dyspraxic individual has different needs. […] Dyspraxia is a lifelong condition, but with a strategy program in place and access to the right accommodations, most adults can overcome the challenges they face and achieve their full potential at work or at school. […] Some estimates suggest up to 10% of the population has dyspraxia. […] Despite its prevalence, dyspraxia is not well understood by the general public and is less commonly diagnosed than specific learning disabilities like dyslexia and ADHD. […] In dyspraxia, movement and coordination difficulties are not the result of any muscle damage, nerve or tissue problems, nor are they to do with visual impairments.

• #2 Dyspraxia in Adults: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment – CareScribe

  https://carescribe.io/blog/dyspraxia-in-adults-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Symptoms of dyspraxia in adults include changes to gross and fine motor skills, coordination, planning abilities, and cognition. […] Signs of dyspraxia in adults include impairments to fine and gross motor skills, information processing, memory, judgement, language, and perception. […] Research suggests 5-6% of the adult population has dyspraxia which may be conservative due to a lack of recognition of the condition. […] To diagnose dyspraxia in adults, a range of professionals can carry out assessments of movement skills. Evaluations may include physical exams that review movement, coordination, and how the symptoms affect your life ahead of diagnosis. […] Professionals such as paediatricians, clinical psychologists, occupational or speech and language therapists, and physiotherapists can provide a diagnosis for dyspraxia.

• #3 Journeying with developmental coordination disorder: The family experience

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2226-72202023000100043

  Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder impacting 5% – 6% of children and continues into adulthood for 50% – 70% of cases. […] The diagnostic criteria were refined in 1994 (DSM-IV) and again in the DSM-5 in 2013. The current diagnostic criteria include challenges with the acquisition and execution of motor skills that are well below what would be expected, given the individual’s chronological age and the provision of opportunity to develop the skills. […] The DCD has a multidomain impact where fine and gross motor, cognitive and academic, social, emotional and behavioural challenges may be present. […] The impact of DCD on the individual has been studied and little consideration has been given to the influence of DCD on the family despite the challenges impacting the individual also affecting the family unit.

• #4 Diagnostic criteria for Dyspraxia

  https://dyspraxiauk.com/diagnostic-criteria

  Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), also known as Dyspraxia in the UK, is a common disorder affecting movement and coordination in children, young people and adults with symptoms present since childhood. […] The movement and coordination difficulties often persist in adulthood, although non-motor difficulties may become more prominent as expectations and demands change over time. […] A range of co-occurring difficulties can have a substantial adverse impact on life including mental and physical health, and difficulties with time management, planning, personal organisation, and social skills. […] With appropriate recognition, reasonable adjustments, support, and strategies in place people with DCD can be very successful in their lives. […] The DSM V Diagnostic Criteria for Developmental Co-Ordination Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) includes motor performance that is substantially below expected levels, given the person’s chronologic age and previous opportunities for skill acquisition.

• #5 Helpful Dyspraxia Strategies for Adults to Try Today

  https://www.opportunityvillage.org/disability-services/dyspraxia-stratgies-for-adults

  Dyspraxia may also be referred to as DCD, or developmental coordination disorder. As a chronic condition, diagnosis typically comes during childhood but will follow an individual for the rest of their lives. […] A dyspraxia diagnosis can qualify young people and adults for occupational therapy and disability services. […] Diagnosis of dyspraxia typically doesn’t occur until a person is at least 5 years old or older. […] Occupational therapists focus on how people with dyspraxia can manage their everyday activities and create plans that address ways to build skills to combat these challenges.

• #6 Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD): Relevance for Clinical Psychologists in Europe

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9667416/

  Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder primarily characterized by fine and gross motor coordination difficulties. […] The DSM-5 criteria for a DCD diagnosis include: (1) the acquisition and execution of motor skills and related coordination are below what is expected based on age, (2) the deficits of motor skill and coordination significantly interfere with daily life in the domains of self-care, scholastics, work, leisure, and play, (3) the symptoms began in childhood, and (4) the deficits cannot be better explained by any other condition. […] A correct diagnosis in Tanja’s case could be critical because treatment for ADHD may require different strategies. […] It is important that this co-occurrence receives more scientific attention in the future to identify not only the extent to which the clinical symptoms but also their endophenotypes overlap.

• #7

  https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ijot-08-2024-0033/full/html

  Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a life-long condition, but the diagnostic process for adults has not been formally established. The purpose of this study was to ascertain which assessment tools are used to assign participants into the group with DCD in studies investigating this condition in adulthood. […] The EACD produced criteria for a diagnosis of DCD in adults which are based on the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) criteria with some amendments: The acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills is substantially below that expected given the individuals chronological age and sufficient opportunities to acquire age-appropriate motor skills; The motor skills deficit described in criterion I significantly and persistently interferes with activities of daily living appropriate to chronological age (e.g. self-care, self-maintenance and mobility) and affects upon academic productivity, prevocational and vocational activities, leisure and work; The motor skills deficits are not better accounted for by any other medical, neurodevelopmental, psychological, social condition or cultural background; and Onset of symptoms is in childhood.

• #8

  https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ijot-08-2024-0033/full/html

  Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a life-long condition, but the diagnostic process for adults has not been formally established. The purpose of this study was to ascertain which assessment tools are used to assign participants into the group with DCD in studies investigating this condition in adulthood. […] The EACD produced criteria for a diagnosis of DCD in adults which are based on the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) criteria with some amendments: The acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills is substantially below that expected given the individuals chronological age and sufficient opportunities to acquire age-appropriate motor skills; The motor skills deficit described in criterion I significantly and persistently interferes with activities of daily living appropriate to chronological age (e.g. self-care, self-maintenance and mobility) and affects upon academic productivity, prevocational and vocational activities, leisure and work; The motor skills deficits are not better accounted for by any other medical, neurodevelopmental, psychological, social condition or cultural background; and Onset of symptoms is in childhood.

• #9 5 Things to know about dyspraxia in adults

  https://www.readandspell.com/us/dyspraxia-in-adults

  Children with dyspraxia will have motor skills delays as compared to same-age peers. […] A diagnosis is not always pursued. […] Dyspraxics may be overly sensitive to noise, touch, and light and can have balance issues. […] Dyspraxia is commonly identified alongside dyslexia; some reports even suggest that half of dyslexic children exhibit symptoms characteristic of dyspraxia. […] If you have motor coordination difficulties and also struggle with reading, have trouble focusing your attention for long amounts of time or difficulty sitting still, you may want to learn more about the signs of dyslexia, dysgraphia and ADD/ADHD. […] Nonetheless, using a computer is far more efficient when people possess touch-typing skills. […] The TTRS course has been developed to help people with learning, motor and language difficulties improve their typing skills and strengthen spelling and reading skills at the same time.

• #10 Developmental coordination disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_coordination_disorder

  A diagnosis of DCD is reached only in the absence of other neurological impairments such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson’s disease. […] Assessments for developmental coordination disorder typically require a developmental history, detailing ages at which significant developmental milestones, such as crawling and walking, occurred. […] The American Psychiatric Association has four primary inclusive diagnostic criteria for determining if a child has developmental coordination disorder. […] Currently there is no single „gold standard” assessment test for DCD. […] A diagnosis of DCD is reached only in the absence of other neurological impairments such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson’s disease. […] Developmental coordination disorder is classified in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a motor disorder, in the category of neurodevelopmental disorders. […] The exact proportion of people with the disorder is unknown since the disorder can be difficult to detect due to a lack of specific laboratory tests, thus making diagnosis of the condition one of elimination of all other possible causes/diseases.

• #11 Dyspraxia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/dyspraxia-8672399

  Dyspraxia is sometimes known as motor learning difficulties, perceptual-motor dysfunction, and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). […] The diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is used when symptoms begin during early childhood. […] The diagnosis of dyspraxia involves a team of healthcare professionals. […] A physician, usually a pediatric neurologist, will consider the underlying medical issues to reach a diagnosis. […] Dyspraxia may occur alongside another neurodevelopmental condition, such as autism or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). […] Generally, a developmental coordination disorder (DCD) diagnosis means that the symptoms are not part of a neurodevelopmental condition affecting the brain structure, such as cerebral palsy or neurofibromatosis.

• #12 Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD): Relevance for Clinical Psychologists in Europe

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9667416/

  There is currently no gold standard motor assessment tool for screening in adults. […] Most of the existing research on DCD examines populations of affected children rather than adolescents and adults, even though a majority of adults with DCD continue to experience symptom-related difficulties in their daily lives. […] While the most relevant DCD symptoms for adults may vary interindividually, symptoms that are less easily detected or treated could become more problematic in adulthood. […] Future research should continue to build the evidence for symptom profiles and screening tools for adults, and more specifically, psychological interventions should be examined for effectiveness in all age groups. […] Overall, there are existing research gaps in the understanding of DCD, however, a recent increase in international attention to the condition is promising.

• #13

  https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ijot-08-2024-0033/full/html

  There is no existing assessment protocol for assessing adults for DCD (Mayes et al., 2024); thus, if a person has not been diagnosed in childhood, it can be very difficult to get a diagnosis in adulthood. […] The aim of this scoping review was to discover which assessments are used in studies involving adults with DCD to determine whether those adults have DCD or probable DCD in relation to the three criteria that occupational therapists can assess. […] The ADC was the most commonly used assessment in research to assign participants to a DCD group and has potential to be used to gather data on two of these criteria, i.e. the impact of the motor performance problems on self-care, productivity and leisure, and whether these types of problems have been present since childhood. […] DCD persists into adulthood, and thus there is a need to have an assessment process for the adult population. Having a diagnosis would allow the adult to have access to interventions, supports and accommodations that could facilitate optimal occupational performance.

• #14 DCD in Adults – DCD Australia

  https://dcdaustralia.org.au/dcd-in-adults/

  DCD is a lifelong condition. […] There are currently no specific diagnostic criteria for adults. Most recommendations are that the same criteria for children apply, with some changes to the activities of daily living considered (e.g., self-care, vocational activities). The process for diagnosis should therefore be similar to that for children. […] The major difficulty obtaining a diagnosis of DCD in adulthood is the lack of standardised motor assessments. This is required to ensure movement challenges fall within a clinical range. There are currently some tests being developed to assist with identifying young adults, but work will need to continue to develop those for older adults as well.

• #15 Dyspraxia/DCD Adults – Dyspraxia DCD America

  https://www.dyspraxiadcdamerica.org/dyspraxia-dcd-adults/

  Especially for Americans, it is likely that there are many adults who have never been formally diagnosed but may identify as having Dyspraxia/DCD. […] Adults can seek a formal diagnosis but it is more challenging to get than it is for a child. The primary reason for that is that there is no diagnostic tool for adults over 21 that physicians can use. […] It is important to note that there is no single test that can definitively diagnose Dyspraxia/DCD. A diagnosis is typically made based on the results of a comprehensive assessment that includes a combination of tools and methods. […] In the United States, Dyspraxia/DCD must be diagnosed by a medical doctor (MD). […] A diagnosis will include the following: Interviewing the individual and their family members to gather information about the individuals history of coordination problems, Observing the individual’s performance of everyday tasks to assess their motor skills and coordination, Conducting a neurological examination to rule out other conditions that may be causing the individuals symptoms.

• #16 Dyspraxia: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151951

  Dyspraxia is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects coordination and movement. Healthcare professionals typically refer to this condition as developmental coordination disorder (DCD). […] DCD is a neurological disorder that affects a persons balance, coordination, and motor skills, including the following types of movement: […] DCD affects an estimated 1.8% to 6% of people and appears to be more common in males. However, it may be underdiagnosed in females. […] A 2021 study found that many women met the criteria for probable DCD but that few had reported receiving an accurate diagnosis. […] A clinical psychologist, an educational psychologist, a pediatrician, or an occupational therapist can diagnose DCD. […] When carrying out an assessment for DCD, a healthcare professional will ask questions about the childs developmental history, intellectual ability, and gross and fine motor skills. […] The evaluator will need to know when and how the child reached developmental milestones such as walking, crawling, and speaking. They will assess the childs balance, touch sensitivity, and variations in walking activities.

• #17 Dyspraxia in Adults: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment – CareScribe

  https://carescribe.io/blog/dyspraxia-in-adults-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Symptoms of dyspraxia in adults include changes to gross and fine motor skills, coordination, planning abilities, and cognition. […] Signs of dyspraxia in adults include impairments to fine and gross motor skills, information processing, memory, judgement, language, and perception. […] Research suggests 5-6% of the adult population has dyspraxia which may be conservative due to a lack of recognition of the condition. […] To diagnose dyspraxia in adults, a range of professionals can carry out assessments of movement skills. Evaluations may include physical exams that review movement, coordination, and how the symptoms affect your life ahead of diagnosis. […] Professionals such as paediatricians, clinical psychologists, occupational or speech and language therapists, and physiotherapists can provide a diagnosis for dyspraxia.

• #18 Dyspraxia/DCD Adults – Dyspraxia DCD America

  https://www.dyspraxiadcdamerica.org/dyspraxia-dcd-adults/

  Especially for Americans, it is likely that there are many adults who have never been formally diagnosed but may identify as having Dyspraxia/DCD. […] Adults can seek a formal diagnosis but it is more challenging to get than it is for a child. The primary reason for that is that there is no diagnostic tool for adults over 21 that physicians can use. […] It is important to note that there is no single test that can definitively diagnose Dyspraxia/DCD. A diagnosis is typically made based on the results of a comprehensive assessment that includes a combination of tools and methods. […] In the United States, Dyspraxia/DCD must be diagnosed by a medical doctor (MD). […] A diagnosis will include the following: Interviewing the individual and their family members to gather information about the individuals history of coordination problems, Observing the individual’s performance of everyday tasks to assess their motor skills and coordination, Conducting a neurological examination to rule out other conditions that may be causing the individuals symptoms.

• #19 Dyspraxia/DCD Ireland – Adults with Dyspraxia/DCD

  https://www.dyspraxia.ie/Adults-with-Dyspraxia-DCD

  Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) also commonly known as dyspraxia is a lifelong condition that contrary to some beliefs is not a condition that is 'grown out of’. The main indicators in children can be identified in fine and gross motor skill coordination difficulties. However, indicators of Dyspraxia in Adults are varied and are very often masked by adults who have spent many years adapting to a society that has not recognised or understood what DCD/dyspraxia is. […] The Adult Developmental Coordination Disorders/Dyspraxia Checklist (ADC)1 is a self-report questionnaire that can be used to identify adults who may have DCD/dyspraxia. The checklist asks questions about an individuals history of coordination problems, as well as their current ability to perform everyday tasks. You can complete the checklist on the link above for greater clarity on whether you may have DCD/dyspraxia.

• #20

  https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ijot-08-2024-0033/full/html

  There is no existing assessment protocol for assessing adults for DCD (Mayes et al., 2024); thus, if a person has not been diagnosed in childhood, it can be very difficult to get a diagnosis in adulthood. […] The aim of this scoping review was to discover which assessments are used in studies involving adults with DCD to determine whether those adults have DCD or probable DCD in relation to the three criteria that occupational therapists can assess. […] The ADC was the most commonly used assessment in research to assign participants to a DCD group and has potential to be used to gather data on two of these criteria, i.e. the impact of the motor performance problems on self-care, productivity and leisure, and whether these types of problems have been present since childhood. […] DCD persists into adulthood, and thus there is a need to have an assessment process for the adult population. Having a diagnosis would allow the adult to have access to interventions, supports and accommodations that could facilitate optimal occupational performance.

• #21 Dyspraxia in Adults: Signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.expressable.com/learning-center/adults/dyspraxia-in-adults-signs-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Dyspraxia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the planning and coordination of fine and gross motor skills. […] Dyspraxia can also affect a persons ability to participate in activities like team sports, or self-care routines like shaving and applying makeup. This is because dyspraxia affects balance, coordination, and motor planning. […] Dyspraxia can be diagnosed or identified by a medical doctor. Other professionals may also assess and treat developmental coordination disorder. […] According to the Dyspraxia Foundation, The best way to treat dyspraxia is to find the most effective therapy to address each symptom. […] The right kind of therapy can make a big difference for people with dyspraxia! […] Speech therapy for dyspraxia can focus on any speech, language, cognition, or feeding/swallowing skills that are affected by motor and coordination challenges.

• #22 Dyspraxia | Neurosolution Clinic

  https://neurosolution.ca/en/dyspraxia/

  Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as dyspraxia, is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects motor coordination and planning. […] Understanding the symptoms, diagnostic process, and the role of neuropsychological assessment in identifying and managing DCD is crucial for supporting individuals with this condition. […] Diagnosing dyspraxia involves a comprehensive assessment conducted by healthcare professionals, typically including pediatricians, occupational therapists and neuropsychologists. The diagnostic process may include the following components: Medical History, Observation and Clinical Assessment, Standardized Tests, Educational Assessment, Collaboration with a Multidisciplinary Team. […] The neuropsychological assessment plays a valuable role in the diagnosis and management of dyspraxia by providing a comprehensive evaluation of cognitive, motor and psychosocial functioning.

• #23 Dyspraxia Test Adults | DCD Diagnosis | Assessments | Lexxic

  https://lexxic.com/resources/dcd-dyspraxia

  DCD (Developmental Coordination Disorder), also known as dyspraxia, is a neurodifference that affects movement and coordination, and it is estimated that 3-5% of people have DCD. […] A diagnosis of dyspraxia usually involves a comprehensive assessment by a specialist, such as a paediatrician, occupational therapist, or speech and language therapist. […] The diagnosis of DCD is usually done by a team of professionals, including psychologists, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and other specialists. The diagnostic process involves a series of assessments and observations to identify any developmental delays or challenges in motor skills. […] The diagnosis of DCD is made when an individual’s motor skills challenges cannot be explained by any other medical condition or developmental disorder. […] Once a diagnosis of DCD is made, a plan is developed to address the person’s specific needs and challenges.

• #24 Dyspraxia/DCD Adults – Dyspraxia DCD America

  https://www.dyspraxiadcdamerica.org/dyspraxia-dcd-adults/

  Especially for Americans, it is likely that there are many adults who have never been formally diagnosed but may identify as having Dyspraxia/DCD. […] Adults can seek a formal diagnosis but it is more challenging to get than it is for a child. The primary reason for that is that there is no diagnostic tool for adults over 21 that physicians can use. […] It is important to note that there is no single test that can definitively diagnose Dyspraxia/DCD. A diagnosis is typically made based on the results of a comprehensive assessment that includes a combination of tools and methods. […] In the United States, Dyspraxia/DCD must be diagnosed by a medical doctor (MD). […] A diagnosis will include the following: Interviewing the individual and their family members to gather information about the individuals history of coordination problems, Observing the individual’s performance of everyday tasks to assess their motor skills and coordination, Conducting a neurological examination to rule out other conditions that may be causing the individuals symptoms.

• #25 SciELO Brazil – Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD): An overview of the condition and research evidence Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD): An overview of the condition and research evidence

  https://www.scielo.br/j/motriz/a/ZBc7trmmqWVmzGs6FjhSBHM/

  Technically, only a medical doctor can diagnose DCD. […] A variety and combination of methods should be used to identify DCD – medical history, interview, questionnaires, clinical examination, and motor tests. […] DCD tends to be a secondary diagnosis, and the recommendation is that a diagnosis is made only around or after age 65. […] While we certainly encourage families to pursue a diagnosis, we would like to state that it is possible (and also recommended) to start motor stimulation and intervention early – before a diagnosis is given. […] From an assessment standpoint, DCD is generally evaluated with the basis on an individuals performance in the following broad categories: Manual Dexterity, Balance, and Aiming Catching (ball skills). […] The MABC-2 is an assessment whose goal is to identify, describe, and guide treatment of motor impairment in children aged between 3- and 16 years.

• #26 Developmental coordination disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_coordination_disorder

  A diagnosis of DCD is reached only in the absence of other neurological impairments such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson’s disease. […] Assessments for developmental coordination disorder typically require a developmental history, detailing ages at which significant developmental milestones, such as crawling and walking, occurred. […] The American Psychiatric Association has four primary inclusive diagnostic criteria for determining if a child has developmental coordination disorder. […] Currently there is no single „gold standard” assessment test for DCD. […] A diagnosis of DCD is reached only in the absence of other neurological impairments such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, or Parkinson’s disease. […] Developmental coordination disorder is classified in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a motor disorder, in the category of neurodevelopmental disorders. […] The exact proportion of people with the disorder is unknown since the disorder can be difficult to detect due to a lack of specific laboratory tests, thus making diagnosis of the condition one of elimination of all other possible causes/diseases.

• #27

  https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ijot-08-2024-0033/full/html

  There is no existing assessment protocol for assessing adults for DCD (Mayes et al., 2024); thus, if a person has not been diagnosed in childhood, it can be very difficult to get a diagnosis in adulthood. […] The aim of this scoping review was to discover which assessments are used in studies involving adults with DCD to determine whether those adults have DCD or probable DCD in relation to the three criteria that occupational therapists can assess. […] The ADC was the most commonly used assessment in research to assign participants to a DCD group and has potential to be used to gather data on two of these criteria, i.e. the impact of the motor performance problems on self-care, productivity and leisure, and whether these types of problems have been present since childhood. […] DCD persists into adulthood, and thus there is a need to have an assessment process for the adult population. Having a diagnosis would allow the adult to have access to interventions, supports and accommodations that could facilitate optimal occupational performance.

• #28 Dyspraxia (DCD) Test, Diagnosis, & Assessment – UK

  https://www.advancedassessments.co.uk/Dyspraxia-Test-Diagnosis-UK/

  Examples of some of the Dyspraxia Tests the expert psychologist might use in the face-to-face element of the dyspraxia diagnosis include the Berry VMI; the DASH; the Typing Test; the Movement ABC-2; the Movement ABC-2 Checklist; the BOT-2; the WISC-V; the WAIS-IV; and the Sensory Profile 2. […] The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Coordination (Beery VMI), is one of the main tests used for diagnosing dyspraxia in the face-to-face assessment. […] The expert psychologist will undertake additional dyspraxia tests of Motor Coordination and Visual Motor Perception as part of the Dyspraxia Assessment. […] Individuals with dyspraxia often have difficulties with working memory and the amount of time that it takes to process information (processing speed). […] The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) assesses these difficulties through tests of working memory and processing speed.

• #29 Dyspraxia (DCD) Test, Diagnosis, & Assessment – UK

  https://www.advancedassessments.co.uk/Dyspraxia-Test-Diagnosis-UK/

  Examples of some of the Dyspraxia Tests the expert psychologist might use in the face-to-face element of the dyspraxia diagnosis include the Berry VMI; the DASH; the Typing Test; the Movement ABC-2; the Movement ABC-2 Checklist; the BOT-2; the WISC-V; the WAIS-IV; and the Sensory Profile 2. […] The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Coordination (Beery VMI), is one of the main tests used for diagnosing dyspraxia in the face-to-face assessment. […] The expert psychologist will undertake additional dyspraxia tests of Motor Coordination and Visual Motor Perception as part of the Dyspraxia Assessment. […] Individuals with dyspraxia often have difficulties with working memory and the amount of time that it takes to process information (processing speed). […] The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) assesses these difficulties through tests of working memory and processing speed.

• #30 Dyspraxia (DCD) Test, Diagnosis, & Assessment – UK

  https://www.advancedassessments.co.uk/Dyspraxia-Test-Diagnosis-UK/

  Examples of some of the Dyspraxia Tests the expert psychologist might use in the face-to-face element of the dyspraxia diagnosis include the Berry VMI; the DASH; the Typing Test; the Movement ABC-2; the Movement ABC-2 Checklist; the BOT-2; the WISC-V; the WAIS-IV; and the Sensory Profile 2. […] The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Coordination (Beery VMI), is one of the main tests used for diagnosing dyspraxia in the face-to-face assessment. […] The expert psychologist will undertake additional dyspraxia tests of Motor Coordination and Visual Motor Perception as part of the Dyspraxia Assessment. […] Individuals with dyspraxia often have difficulties with working memory and the amount of time that it takes to process information (processing speed). […] The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) assesses these difficulties through tests of working memory and processing speed.

• #31 Dyspraxia (DCD) Test, Diagnosis, & Assessment – UK

  https://www.advancedassessments.co.uk/Dyspraxia-Test-Diagnosis-UK/

  The sensory profiling element of the assessment is carried out using the Sensory Profile 2, or other sensory profiling tests for adults. […] The sensory profile helps our expert psychologist determine how the individual being assessed processes information and how this might impact on their ability to function effectively at work, at home or in education.

• #32 Dyspraxia: Types, Symptoms and Causes – Unique Community Services

  https://uniquecs.co.uk/blog/dyspraxia-types-symptoms-and-causes/

  Currently, there is no cure for dyspraxia. […] This means that a tailored care plan is essential for people to reach new milestones and develop new skills. […] Dyspraxia can coexist with other conditions, such as: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder, Dyslexia. […] Without a proper diagnosis, some individuals living with dyspraxia may interpret these difficulties and challenges in education or the workplace as a personal underachievement and may develop feelings of guilt and frustration. […] However, dyspraxia doesn’t affect the intellectual ability of people, and with the right treatment approach, children and adults can thrive in every aspect of life. […] Through tailored care plans and person-centred care, people with dyspraxia can develop their unique skills and become creative thinkers.

• #33 ADHD vs. dyspraxia: Balancing the struggle with coordination and focus

  https://www.getinflow.io/post/dyspraxia-and-adhd

  Studies show that DCD is comorbid with ADHD in up to 50% of dyspraxia cases. […] Dyspraxics (people with dyspraxia) can have these same motor issues but feel like there’s no explanation for its cause; they lack motor coordination in all areas of their life. […] Finding support through a diagnostic assessment with a trained psychiatrist can help give clarity and comfort in knowing that your struggles result from a widely unknown but common condition. […] Depending on where you live, it can be hard to find a psychiatrist who’s an expert in DCD, and the pathway to getting diagnosed with DCD (or ADHD) isn’t always straightforward.

• #34 The Double Whammy: ADHD + DCD – CHADD

  https://chadd.org/attention-article/the-double-whammy-adhd-dcd/

  Developmental coordination disorder is a common condition that co-occurs with ADHD. About fifty percent of school-age students with ADHD also have DCD; yet this often goes unrecognized, and students miss out on the help that could be available to them. […] A diagnosis of DCD is made after careful observation and evaluation, often by an occupational therapist in the school system. Many doctors are not able to diagnose it in their offices and depend on reports from aware parents and teachers. […] In Sweden, the term DAMPdeficit of attention, motor planning, and perceptionis used to describe the combination of ADHD and DCD. They have been studying this for many years, and the outcomes of students followed from the age of seven to twenty-two years showed that the combination of ADHD and DCD was the most important predictor of poor psychosocial functioning in early adulthood. This research suggests that it is important to screen for these disorders early in order to start therapies promptly.

• #35 Dyspraxia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/dyspraxia-8672399

  Dyspraxia is sometimes known as motor learning difficulties, perceptual-motor dysfunction, and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). […] The diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is used when symptoms begin during early childhood. […] The diagnosis of dyspraxia involves a team of healthcare professionals. […] A physician, usually a pediatric neurologist, will consider the underlying medical issues to reach a diagnosis. […] Dyspraxia may occur alongside another neurodevelopmental condition, such as autism or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). […] Generally, a developmental coordination disorder (DCD) diagnosis means that the symptoms are not part of a neurodevelopmental condition affecting the brain structure, such as cerebral palsy or neurofibromatosis.

• #36 5 Things to know about dyspraxia in adults

  https://www.readandspell.com/us/dyspraxia-in-adults

  Children with dyspraxia will have motor skills delays as compared to same-age peers. […] A diagnosis is not always pursued. […] Dyspraxics may be overly sensitive to noise, touch, and light and can have balance issues. […] Dyspraxia is commonly identified alongside dyslexia; some reports even suggest that half of dyslexic children exhibit symptoms characteristic of dyspraxia. […] If you have motor coordination difficulties and also struggle with reading, have trouble focusing your attention for long amounts of time or difficulty sitting still, you may want to learn more about the signs of dyslexia, dysgraphia and ADD/ADHD. […] Nonetheless, using a computer is far more efficient when people possess touch-typing skills. […] The TTRS course has been developed to help people with learning, motor and language difficulties improve their typing skills and strengthen spelling and reading skills at the same time.

• #37 Dyspraxia in Adults: What Is It, Symptoms and Treatments

  https://exceptionalindividuals.com/about-us/blog/dyspraxia-in-adults/

  Dyspraxia in adults, also known as Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), is a neurological condition characterised by difficulties in planning, coordinating, and executing voluntary movements. […] Adults with dyspraxia may struggle with tasks like handwriting, organisation, fine motor skills and spatial awareness. […] Dyspraxia can affect adults whether they are at home or at work. […] Dyspraxia is more common in men than in women and it is often hereditary. […] Adults who have dyspraxia may have another neurodivergent diagnosis such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia and dyscalculia or mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. […] Here are some treatment methods, relaxation techniques and organisation methods that adults with dyslexia may find serviceable: […] Occupational therapy, such as help with improving fine motor skills and organisational skills.

• #38 Diagnostic criteria for Dyspraxia

  https://dyspraxiauk.com/diagnostic-criteria

  The disturbance in Criterion A, without accommodations, significantly and persistently interferes with activities of daily living or academic achievement. […] Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period. […] The motor skill deficits are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual development disorder) or visual impairment and are not attributable to a neurological condition affecting movement. […] Developmental motor coordination disorder is characterised by a significant delay in the acquisition of gross and fine motor skills and impairment in the execution of coordinated motor skills that manifest in clumsiness, slowness, or inaccuracy of motor performance. […] Coordinated motor skills difficulties cause significant and persistent limitations in functioning (e.g., in activities of daily living, school work, and vocational and leisure activities). […] Depression is common in adults with dyspraxia. […] On the other hand, people with Dyspraxia are often intelligent, creative, good problem solvers, direct in speech, original thinkers, hard working and, if their needs are met and have a lot to offer a school, college or work place.

• #39 Living with Dyspraxia & Finding your Dream Job | Recite Me

  https://reciteme.com/us/news/living-with-dyspraxia/

  There is also significant comorbidity with other occurring conditions. Individuals with dyspraxia have higher rates of self-esteem and are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression. […] The integration of assistive tools such as Recite Mes Assistive Technology Toolbar across a recruiters website removes the substantial barriers disabled people experience during the recruitment process. […] It is a game changer as the recruitment process instantly becomes more inclusive, providing greater opportunities for dyspraxic individuals to find their dream job.

• #40 Diagnosis & Therapy – DCD Australia

  https://dcdaustralia.org.au/diagnosis-therapy/

  There are four criteria that must be met for a diagnosis of DCD (DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013). […] We advocate for a team-based approach to the diagnosis of DCD, in line with international clinical guidelines (Blank et al., 2019). […] It is important to note that DCD can be diagnosed alongside other neurodevelopmental conditions and learning disorders. DCD commonly co-occurs with speech disorders (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech), autism, ADHD, and dyslexia. […] Adults can be diagnosed with DCD as well, though finding specialists to assist can be more difficult.

• #41

  https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ijot-08-2024-0033/full/html

  There is no existing assessment protocol for assessing adults for DCD (Mayes et al., 2024); thus, if a person has not been diagnosed in childhood, it can be very difficult to get a diagnosis in adulthood. […] The aim of this scoping review was to discover which assessments are used in studies involving adults with DCD to determine whether those adults have DCD or probable DCD in relation to the three criteria that occupational therapists can assess. […] The ADC was the most commonly used assessment in research to assign participants to a DCD group and has potential to be used to gather data on two of these criteria, i.e. the impact of the motor performance problems on self-care, productivity and leisure, and whether these types of problems have been present since childhood. […] DCD persists into adulthood, and thus there is a need to have an assessment process for the adult population. Having a diagnosis would allow the adult to have access to interventions, supports and accommodations that could facilitate optimal occupational performance.

• #42 DCD in Adults – DCD Australia

  https://dcdaustralia.org.au/dcd-in-adults/

  DCD is a lifelong condition. […] There are currently no specific diagnostic criteria for adults. Most recommendations are that the same criteria for children apply, with some changes to the activities of daily living considered (e.g., self-care, vocational activities). The process for diagnosis should therefore be similar to that for children. […] The major difficulty obtaining a diagnosis of DCD in adulthood is the lack of standardised motor assessments. This is required to ensure movement challenges fall within a clinical range. There are currently some tests being developed to assist with identifying young adults, but work will need to continue to develop those for older adults as well.

• #43 DCD in Adults – DCD Australia

  https://dcdaustralia.org.au/dcd-in-adults/

  DCD is a lifelong condition. […] There are currently no specific diagnostic criteria for adults. Most recommendations are that the same criteria for children apply, with some changes to the activities of daily living considered (e.g., self-care, vocational activities). The process for diagnosis should therefore be similar to that for children. […] The major difficulty obtaining a diagnosis of DCD in adulthood is the lack of standardised motor assessments. This is required to ensure movement challenges fall within a clinical range. There are currently some tests being developed to assist with identifying young adults, but work will need to continue to develop those for older adults as well.

• #44 Dyspraxia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/childrens-health/dyspraxia-developmental-co-ordination-disorder

  Developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD), also known as dyspraxia, is a common condition which mainly affects motor co-ordination – the way the body organises and carries out movement-related tasks. […] Dyspraxia occurs in children and adults. […] Dyspraxia may also be acquired later in life through injury or illness – for example, as a result of a stroke or a head injury. […] The diagnosis of dyspraxia is not usually made until children reach the age of 4 or 5 years. […] Dyspraxia is usually diagnosed after assessment of your child by one or more healthcare professionals including a paediatrician, a physiotherapist, a speech and language therapist, an occupational therapist and a psychologist. […] If you think that you have undiagnosed dyspraxia, it is not usually possible to get this assessment on the NHS in adults.

• #45 ADHD vs. dyspraxia: Balancing the struggle with coordination and focus

  https://www.getinflow.io/post/dyspraxia-and-adhd

  Studies show that DCD is comorbid with ADHD in up to 50% of dyspraxia cases. […] Dyspraxics (people with dyspraxia) can have these same motor issues but feel like there’s no explanation for its cause; they lack motor coordination in all areas of their life. […] Finding support through a diagnostic assessment with a trained psychiatrist can help give clarity and comfort in knowing that your struggles result from a widely unknown but common condition. […] Depending on where you live, it can be hard to find a psychiatrist who’s an expert in DCD, and the pathway to getting diagnosed with DCD (or ADHD) isn’t always straightforward.

• #46

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41252-025-00436-2

  Despite its prevalence, DCD is underrecognised by healthcare professionals, teachers, employers, and wider society. […] Both the lack of awareness and the complexity of DCD can lead to underdiagnosis during childhood leaving adults with DCD either unaware of the reasons for the difficulties they face or seeking diagnosis during adulthood which can be costly. […] This is reflected in a qualitative study interviewing four female adults seeking a diagnosis of DCD. […] Participants reported a sense of relief coming from the diagnosis, which in turn meant they treated themselves less harshly and were more able to accept their difficulties. […] However, participants also reported negative emotions such as feeling overwhelmed by the diagnosis or continuing to feel let down in terms of the support received.

• #47 Key Things You Need To Know About Dyspraxia In Adults – Augmentive

  https://augmentive.io/blog/dyspraxia-adults

  Dyspraxia (not to be confused with dyslexia), commonly known among healthcare professionals as developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a form of neurodiversity that affects a persons physical coordination. […] The signs of dyspraxia in adults include issues with posture, balance and movement, which we will go into more detail on later. […] If you are wondering about a dyspraxia diagnosis for someone close to you, or you are wondering if you might be dyspraxic yourself, there are some signs that may help determine whether or not you or your loved one has the condition. […] Although the signs of dyspraxia are usually discovered in childhood, for adults, the signs may include the following: A history of physical awkwardness as a child, but coping strategies developed in adulthood, Difficulty learning new motor skills or applying them in a new or busy environment, Difficulty handling tools and equipment, for example holding a pen or chopping food with a knife, Easily losing balance and becoming fatigued quickly, Writing neatly or writing a lot, but not both at once, Pausing during conversations, and social anxiety leading to avoidance of social situations that may expose any signs of dyspraxia, Struggling with organisation, planning ahead and time management skills, leading to missed deadlines and lateness, Struggling to achieve academically or at work. […] Diagnosing dyspraxia in adults is usually based on an assessment of factors like medical history, motor skills and more, because there are no specific medical tests for health professionals to make a diagnosis.

• #48 ADHD vs. dyspraxia: Balancing the struggle with coordination and focus

  https://www.getinflow.io/post/dyspraxia-and-adhd

  Dyspraxia is a condition that receives less attention than ADHD but also causes clumsiness and cognitive issues similar to ADHD. […] Dyspraxia is a developmental condition that affects motor movement and coordination. It’s widely misunderstood and often misdiagnosed as ADHD. […] Dyspraxia can also be referred to as DCD or developmental coordination disorder. […] Dyspraxia often co-occurs with ADHD, but the two conditions are separate. […] Adults diagnosed with dyspraxia later in life often realize they experienced these symptoms as children. Still, they may have learned coping skills, allowing them to pass under the radar at school or home. As a result, adults with DCD are more likely to struggle with cognitive-based symptoms. […] Dyspraxia is often misperceived as dyslexia. […] It’s widely misunderstood and misdiagnosed, but DCD affects up to 6% of children and continues to affect adults as they age.

• #49 Dyspraxia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23963-dyspraxia-developmental-coordination-disorder-dcd

  Dyspraxia, also known as developmental coordination disorder, is a neurodevelopmental condition that begins in childhood that makes it difficult to perform motor skills. […] Dyspraxia, also known as developmental coordination disorder (DCD), is a chronic condition that begins in childhood that causes difficulties with motor (movement) skills and coordination. […] Dyspraxia can cause a wide range of issues with movement and coordination. […] Dyspraxia more commonly affects men than women. […] The first signs of dyspraxia (developmental coordination disorder) begin in childhood during the developmental period. As its a chronic condition, dyspraxia can persist into adulthood as well. […] Although signs of dyspraxia (developmental coordination disorder) are present from an early age, they can be easy to miss, as children vary widely in their rate of development.

• #50 Dyspraxia in Adults: What Is It, Symptoms and Treatments

  https://exceptionalindividuals.com/about-us/blog/dyspraxia-in-adults/

  Dyspraxia in adults, also known as Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), is a neurological condition characterised by difficulties in planning, coordinating, and executing voluntary movements. […] Adults with dyspraxia may struggle with tasks like handwriting, organisation, fine motor skills and spatial awareness. […] Dyspraxia can affect adults whether they are at home or at work. […] Dyspraxia is more common in men than in women and it is often hereditary. […] Adults who have dyspraxia may have another neurodivergent diagnosis such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia and dyscalculia or mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. […] Here are some treatment methods, relaxation techniques and organisation methods that adults with dyslexia may find serviceable: […] Occupational therapy, such as help with improving fine motor skills and organisational skills.

• #51 Dyspraxia: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151951

  Dyspraxia is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects coordination and movement. Healthcare professionals typically refer to this condition as developmental coordination disorder (DCD). […] DCD is a neurological disorder that affects a persons balance, coordination, and motor skills, including the following types of movement: […] DCD affects an estimated 1.8% to 6% of people and appears to be more common in males. However, it may be underdiagnosed in females. […] A 2021 study found that many women met the criteria for probable DCD but that few had reported receiving an accurate diagnosis. […] A clinical psychologist, an educational psychologist, a pediatrician, or an occupational therapist can diagnose DCD. […] When carrying out an assessment for DCD, a healthcare professional will ask questions about the childs developmental history, intellectual ability, and gross and fine motor skills. […] The evaluator will need to know when and how the child reached developmental milestones such as walking, crawling, and speaking. They will assess the childs balance, touch sensitivity, and variations in walking activities.

• #52

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41252-025-00436-2

  Despite its prevalence, DCD is underrecognised by healthcare professionals, teachers, employers, and wider society. […] Both the lack of awareness and the complexity of DCD can lead to underdiagnosis during childhood leaving adults with DCD either unaware of the reasons for the difficulties they face or seeking diagnosis during adulthood which can be costly. […] This is reflected in a qualitative study interviewing four female adults seeking a diagnosis of DCD. […] Participants reported a sense of relief coming from the diagnosis, which in turn meant they treated themselves less harshly and were more able to accept their difficulties. […] However, participants also reported negative emotions such as feeling overwhelmed by the diagnosis or continuing to feel let down in terms of the support received.

• #53 Journeying with developmental coordination disorder: The family experience

  http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2226-72202023000100043

  General awareness of clinicians and experience in working with DCD is low when compared with ADHD. […] However, even when a DCD diagnosis has been obtained, attempts to activate support, especially within the education systems, may be challenging. […] A study that considered mothers of children with DCD found elevated levels of worry, stress, anger and frustration resulting in emotional fatigue. […] The multidomain and lifelong impact of DCD influences not only the individual diagnosed with the condition but also the family unit. […] Families often feel isolated from their communities as DCD is poorly understood. […] The challenges faced as a family can influence the relations between parents and siblings. […] Families often feel isolated from their communities and social sphere because of a general lack of understanding of DCD.

• #54

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41252-025-00436-2

  Despite its prevalence, DCD is underrecognised by healthcare professionals, teachers, employers, and wider society. […] Both the lack of awareness and the complexity of DCD can lead to underdiagnosis during childhood leaving adults with DCD either unaware of the reasons for the difficulties they face or seeking diagnosis during adulthood which can be costly. […] This is reflected in a qualitative study interviewing four female adults seeking a diagnosis of DCD. […] Participants reported a sense of relief coming from the diagnosis, which in turn meant they treated themselves less harshly and were more able to accept their difficulties. […] However, participants also reported negative emotions such as feeling overwhelmed by the diagnosis or continuing to feel let down in terms of the support received.

• #55

  https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ijot-08-2024-0033/full/html

  There is no existing assessment protocol for assessing adults for DCD (Mayes et al., 2024); thus, if a person has not been diagnosed in childhood, it can be very difficult to get a diagnosis in adulthood. […] The aim of this scoping review was to discover which assessments are used in studies involving adults with DCD to determine whether those adults have DCD or probable DCD in relation to the three criteria that occupational therapists can assess. […] The ADC was the most commonly used assessment in research to assign participants to a DCD group and has potential to be used to gather data on two of these criteria, i.e. the impact of the motor performance problems on self-care, productivity and leisure, and whether these types of problems have been present since childhood. […] DCD persists into adulthood, and thus there is a need to have an assessment process for the adult population. Having a diagnosis would allow the adult to have access to interventions, supports and accommodations that could facilitate optimal occupational performance.

• #56 Living with Dyspraxia & Finding your Dream Job | Recite Me

  https://reciteme.com/us/news/living-with-dyspraxia/

  Hello, my name is Daniel Cobb and I found out I had Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), also known as Dyspraxia at the age of 43. Dyspraxia is a common neurodevelopmental condition that affects fine or gross motor coordination in children and adults. […] The outcome of completing the checklist was that it indicated it was more than likely I had Developmental Coordination Disorder / Dyspraxia. At this point, I was so determined to see this to the end, and I decided I needed to get a full diagnosis. […] The outcome of the diagnostic assessment was that the results were consistent with someone who has dyspraxia. Hearing this and seeing it down on paper was a lightbulb moment for me. […] It instantly provided me with answers as to why I had struggled all my life and why I had always felt I was different from my peers.

• #57 Dyspraxia in Adults: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment – CareScribe

  https://carescribe.io/blog/dyspraxia-in-adults-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  In most cases a GP should be the first point of contact. […] To gain a diagnosis, individuals may well need a referral to a specialist for assessment and to receive support strategies. […] While some people with dyspraxia won’t have any other neurological diagnosis, symptoms can overlap with other specific learning difficulties. […] Dyspraxia is also classed as a specific learning difficulty and a learning disability. […] The Equality Act 2010 protects adults with dyspraxia from discrimination and ensures employers offer reasonable adjustments to help them.

• #58 Dyspraxia: Types, Symptoms and Causes – Unique Community Services

  https://uniquecs.co.uk/blog/dyspraxia-types-symptoms-and-causes/

  Currently, there is no cure for dyspraxia. […] This means that a tailored care plan is essential for people to reach new milestones and develop new skills. […] Dyspraxia can coexist with other conditions, such as: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder, Dyslexia. […] Without a proper diagnosis, some individuals living with dyspraxia may interpret these difficulties and challenges in education or the workplace as a personal underachievement and may develop feelings of guilt and frustration. […] However, dyspraxia doesn’t affect the intellectual ability of people, and with the right treatment approach, children and adults can thrive in every aspect of life. […] Through tailored care plans and person-centred care, people with dyspraxia can develop their unique skills and become creative thinkers.

• #59 Dyspraxia – symptoms, treatments and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dyspraxia

  Dyspraxia is a neurological (brain) condition. Its also called developmental coordination disorder (DCD). […] Dyspraxia is identified more often in boys. […] The diagnosis of dyspraxia should involve a multidisciplinary team, including: an occupational therapist or developmental neuropsychologist, a paediatrician (childrens doctor). […] The occupational therapist or developmental neuropsychologist can check your childs motor skills. […] Your paediatrician will check that their problems arent being caused by another neurological (brain) condition. […] There is no cure for dyspraxia. But it can be treated with regular therapies. […] Occupational therapy is the main treatment for dyspraxia. It can help develop the skills needed for school and everyday living. […] Dyspraxia cant be prevented. […] Undiagnosed dyspraxia may lead to: temper tantrums, anxiety and depression, panic attacks, addiction, frequent job changes or long-term unemployment.

• #60 Dyspraxia – symptoms, treatments and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dyspraxia

  Dyspraxia is a neurological (brain) condition. Its also called developmental coordination disorder (DCD). […] Dyspraxia is identified more often in boys. […] The diagnosis of dyspraxia should involve a multidisciplinary team, including: an occupational therapist or developmental neuropsychologist, a paediatrician (childrens doctor). […] The occupational therapist or developmental neuropsychologist can check your childs motor skills. […] Your paediatrician will check that their problems arent being caused by another neurological (brain) condition. […] There is no cure for dyspraxia. But it can be treated with regular therapies. […] Occupational therapy is the main treatment for dyspraxia. It can help develop the skills needed for school and everyday living. […] Dyspraxia cant be prevented. […] Undiagnosed dyspraxia may lead to: temper tantrums, anxiety and depression, panic attacks, addiction, frequent job changes or long-term unemployment.

• #61 Dyspraxia: Types, Symptoms and Causes – Unique Community Services

  https://uniquecs.co.uk/blog/dyspraxia-types-symptoms-and-causes/

  Currently, there is no cure for dyspraxia. […] This means that a tailored care plan is essential for people to reach new milestones and develop new skills. […] Dyspraxia can coexist with other conditions, such as: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder, Dyslexia. […] Without a proper diagnosis, some individuals living with dyspraxia may interpret these difficulties and challenges in education or the workplace as a personal underachievement and may develop feelings of guilt and frustration. […] However, dyspraxia doesn’t affect the intellectual ability of people, and with the right treatment approach, children and adults can thrive in every aspect of life. […] Through tailored care plans and person-centred care, people with dyspraxia can develop their unique skills and become creative thinkers.

• #62 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/Healthygamergg/comments/18cutfz/the_secret_neurological_condition_no_one_talks/

  Dyspraxia is a lifelong developmental coordination disorder that affects fine and gross motor skills, and sometimes cognitive function. This can result in poor balance, struggles with sports, learning to drive a car almost impossible, bad handwriting and poor spatial awareness. […] Normal jobs may not work for every person with dyspraxia and that’s okay. […] The world is not patient. Mine and many others experience is that most people will not wait around for you or have patience with you learning slowly. […] This is something that severely impacted my self-esteem and has led to me feeling extremely suicidal since I can’t live up to societal expectations due to dyspraxia.

• #63

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41252-025-00436-2

  Despite its prevalence, DCD is underrecognised by healthcare professionals, teachers, employers, and wider society. […] Both the lack of awareness and the complexity of DCD can lead to underdiagnosis during childhood leaving adults with DCD either unaware of the reasons for the difficulties they face or seeking diagnosis during adulthood which can be costly. […] This is reflected in a qualitative study interviewing four female adults seeking a diagnosis of DCD. […] Participants reported a sense of relief coming from the diagnosis, which in turn meant they treated themselves less harshly and were more able to accept their difficulties. […] However, participants also reported negative emotions such as feeling overwhelmed by the diagnosis or continuing to feel let down in terms of the support received.

• #64

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41252-025-00436-2

  The finding that those self-concepts were no less important in the DCD population, despite their increased negativity, may explain the poor outcomes in terms of wellbeing which characterise this population. […] We have demonstrated significantly higher anxiety levels and poorer levels of wellbeing in adults with DCD compared to their peers. […] This is the first research providing evidence that there is no difference in well-being between people who are diagnosed with DCD compared to those who are self-identified. […] As noted earlier, this contrasts with previous literature that highlights the positive effects of diagnosis and thus requires further investigation. […] What does seem clear is that DCD (whether diagnosed or self-identified) is associated with lower levels of well-being. […] The findings of the current study expand on how those social resources and personal resources experienced during childhood can then, through the formation of memory and development of a sense of self perpetuate through into adulthood to influence well-being later in life.

• #65

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41252-025-00436-2

  The finding that those self-concepts were no less important in the DCD population, despite their increased negativity, may explain the poor outcomes in terms of wellbeing which characterise this population. […] We have demonstrated significantly higher anxiety levels and poorer levels of wellbeing in adults with DCD compared to their peers. […] This is the first research providing evidence that there is no difference in well-being between people who are diagnosed with DCD compared to those who are self-identified. […] As noted earlier, this contrasts with previous literature that highlights the positive effects of diagnosis and thus requires further investigation. […] What does seem clear is that DCD (whether diagnosed or self-identified) is associated with lower levels of well-being. […] The findings of the current study expand on how those social resources and personal resources experienced during childhood can then, through the formation of memory and development of a sense of self perpetuate through into adulthood to influence well-being later in life.

• #66

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41252-025-00436-2

  The finding that those self-concepts were no less important in the DCD population, despite their increased negativity, may explain the poor outcomes in terms of wellbeing which characterise this population. […] We have demonstrated significantly higher anxiety levels and poorer levels of wellbeing in adults with DCD compared to their peers. […] This is the first research providing evidence that there is no difference in well-being between people who are diagnosed with DCD compared to those who are self-identified. […] As noted earlier, this contrasts with previous literature that highlights the positive effects of diagnosis and thus requires further investigation. […] What does seem clear is that DCD (whether diagnosed or self-identified) is associated with lower levels of well-being. […] The findings of the current study expand on how those social resources and personal resources experienced during childhood can then, through the formation of memory and development of a sense of self perpetuate through into adulthood to influence well-being later in life.

• #67 Dyspraxia | Neurosolution Clinic

  https://neurosolution.ca/en/dyspraxia/

  Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as dyspraxia, is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects motor coordination and planning. […] Understanding the symptoms, diagnostic process, and the role of neuropsychological assessment in identifying and managing DCD is crucial for supporting individuals with this condition. […] Diagnosing dyspraxia involves a comprehensive assessment conducted by healthcare professionals, typically including pediatricians, occupational therapists and neuropsychologists. The diagnostic process may include the following components: Medical History, Observation and Clinical Assessment, Standardized Tests, Educational Assessment, Collaboration with a Multidisciplinary Team. […] The neuropsychological assessment plays a valuable role in the diagnosis and management of dyspraxia by providing a comprehensive evaluation of cognitive, motor and psychosocial functioning.

• #68 diagnosis & treatment – Dyspraxia Foundation USA

  https://dyspraxiausa.org/diagnosis-and-treatment/

  In the United States, Dyspraxia is assessed through a neuropsychological evaluation. […] Typically, your family physician or medical specialist will refer you to another medical professional such as a psychologist or a neuropsychologist for evaluation. […] The goal of a neuropsychological evaluation is to see how your brain is functioning. […] These evaluations help doctors understand what difficulties you may have, rule out other illnesses and disorders, and recommend the types of treatment that could help you overcome challenges and improve your quality of life. […] Once the tests are done, results are calculated and scored compared to others in the same age, education, sex and gender groups. The neuropsychologist will go over the results and write a report. It will include a diagnosis and suggestions for treatment, if any is needed. […] The challenge to diagnosing Dyspraxia is that there are overlapping, co-existing, and masquerading disorders.

• #69 Dyspraxia | Neurosolution Clinic

  https://neurosolution.ca/en/dyspraxia/

  A neuropsychological assessment offers numerous advantages for individuals with dyspraxia. Firstly, it provides an accurate diagnosis by comprehensively evaluating the individual’s strengths, weaknesses, and specific areas of difficulty related to dyspraxia. […] Understanding the psychological and social impact of dyspraxia through assessment guides interventions aimed at addressing emotional challenges, enhancing social skills, and improving overall well-being.

• #70 Dyspraxia | Neurosolution Clinic

  https://neurosolution.ca/en/dyspraxia/

  A neuropsychological assessment offers numerous advantages for individuals with dyspraxia. Firstly, it provides an accurate diagnosis by comprehensively evaluating the individual’s strengths, weaknesses, and specific areas of difficulty related to dyspraxia. […] Understanding the psychological and social impact of dyspraxia through assessment guides interventions aimed at addressing emotional challenges, enhancing social skills, and improving overall well-being.

• #71 diagnosis & treatment – Dyspraxia Foundation USA

  https://dyspraxiausa.org/diagnosis-and-treatment/

  In the United States, Dyspraxia is assessed through a neuropsychological evaluation. […] Typically, your family physician or medical specialist will refer you to another medical professional such as a psychologist or a neuropsychologist for evaluation. […] The goal of a neuropsychological evaluation is to see how your brain is functioning. […] These evaluations help doctors understand what difficulties you may have, rule out other illnesses and disorders, and recommend the types of treatment that could help you overcome challenges and improve your quality of life. […] Once the tests are done, results are calculated and scored compared to others in the same age, education, sex and gender groups. The neuropsychologist will go over the results and write a report. It will include a diagnosis and suggestions for treatment, if any is needed. […] The challenge to diagnosing Dyspraxia is that there are overlapping, co-existing, and masquerading disorders.

• #72 diagnosis & treatment – Dyspraxia Foundation USA

  https://dyspraxiausa.org/diagnosis-and-treatment/

  In the United States, Dyspraxia is assessed through a neuropsychological evaluation. […] Typically, your family physician or medical specialist will refer you to another medical professional such as a psychologist or a neuropsychologist for evaluation. […] The goal of a neuropsychological evaluation is to see how your brain is functioning. […] These evaluations help doctors understand what difficulties you may have, rule out other illnesses and disorders, and recommend the types of treatment that could help you overcome challenges and improve your quality of life. […] Once the tests are done, results are calculated and scored compared to others in the same age, education, sex and gender groups. The neuropsychologist will go over the results and write a report. It will include a diagnosis and suggestions for treatment, if any is needed. […] The challenge to diagnosing Dyspraxia is that there are overlapping, co-existing, and masquerading disorders.

• #73 Adult Dyspraxia Questionnaire

  https://neuroknowhow.com/dyspraxia/adult-dyspraxia-questionnaire/

  Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as developmental dyspraxia, is a neurological […] Dyspraxia is characterized by difficulties in the coordination of movements, which can affect daily activities and overall functioning in adults. […] The diagnosis of dyspraxia in adults often involves a comprehensive assessment that includes clinical interviews, standardized questionnaires, and observations of motor skills.

• #74 Adult Dyspraxia Questionnaire

  https://neuroknowhow.com/dyspraxia/adult-dyspraxia-questionnaire/

  Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as developmental dyspraxia, is a neurological […] Dyspraxia is characterized by difficulties in the coordination of movements, which can affect daily activities and overall functioning in adults. […] The diagnosis of dyspraxia in adults often involves a comprehensive assessment that includes clinical interviews, standardized questionnaires, and observations of motor skills.

• #75 Adult Dyspraxia Questionnaire

  https://neuroknowhow.com/dyspraxia/adult-dyspraxia-questionnaire/

  Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as developmental dyspraxia, is a neurological […] Dyspraxia is characterized by difficulties in the coordination of movements, which can affect daily activities and overall functioning in adults. […] The diagnosis of dyspraxia in adults often involves a comprehensive assessment that includes clinical interviews, standardized questionnaires, and observations of motor skills.

• #76 Dyspraxia (DCD) Test, Diagnosis, & Assessment – UK

  https://www.advancedassessments.co.uk/Dyspraxia-Test-Diagnosis-UK/

  Examples of some of the Dyspraxia Tests the expert psychologist might use in the face-to-face element of the dyspraxia diagnosis include the Berry VMI; the DASH; the Typing Test; the Movement ABC-2; the Movement ABC-2 Checklist; the BOT-2; the WISC-V; the WAIS-IV; and the Sensory Profile 2. […] The Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Coordination (Beery VMI), is one of the main tests used for diagnosing dyspraxia in the face-to-face assessment. […] The expert psychologist will undertake additional dyspraxia tests of Motor Coordination and Visual Motor Perception as part of the Dyspraxia Assessment. […] Individuals with dyspraxia often have difficulties with working memory and the amount of time that it takes to process information (processing speed). […] The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) assesses these difficulties through tests of working memory and processing speed.

• #77 Dyspraxia (developmental co-ordination disorder) in …

  https://www.nicswell.co.uk/conditions-and-treatments/dyspraxia-developmental-co-ordination-disorder-in-adults

  Dyspraxia, also known as developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD), is a common disorder that affects your movement and co-ordination. […] Dyspraxia should not be confused with other disorders affecting movement, such as cerebral palsy and stroke. It can affect people of all intellectual abilities. […] You GP may refer you to a physiotherapist or an occupational therapist for tests. They will assess your movements and how your symptoms are affecting you before making a diagnosis. […] Although there is no cure for dyspraxia, there are therapies that can help you cope with your condition and be successful in your studies, work and home life, such as occupational therapy to help you find practical ways to remain independent and manage everyday tasks such as writing or preparing food. […] Dyspraxia can have a big effect on your life, but support is available to help you manage your condition and have the best possible quality of living.

• #78

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/d/article/dyspraxia(adults)

  Dyspraxia, also known as developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD), is a common disorder that affects your movement and co-ordination. […] The GP may refer you to a physiotherapist or an occupational therapist for tests. They’ll assess your movements and how your symptoms are affecting you before making a diagnosis. […] Dyspraxia can have a big effect on your life, but support is available to help you manage your condition.

• #79 Developmental co-ordination disorder (Dyspraxia) | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/developmental-co-ordination-disorder-dyspraxia

  Developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD), also known as dyspraxia, is a common disorder that affects movement and co-ordination. See your GP if you think you have undiagnosed symptoms. […] Your GP may refer you to a physiotherapist or an occupational therapist for tests. They will assess your movements and how your symptoms are affecting you before making a diagnosis. […] DCD can have a big effect on your life, but support is available to help you manage your condition and have the best possible quality of living.

• #80 DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Dyspraxia/Developmental Coordination Disorder – MedicalCRITERIA.com

  https://medicalcriteria.com/web/dyspraxia-dcd/

  C. Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period. […] D. The motor skills deficits are not better explained by intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) or visual impairment and are not attributable to a neurological condition affecting movement (e.g., cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, degenerative disorder).

• #81 Diagnostic criteria for Dyspraxia

  https://dyspraxiauk.com/diagnostic-criteria

  Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), also known as Dyspraxia in the UK, is a common disorder affecting movement and coordination in children, young people and adults with symptoms present since childhood. […] The movement and coordination difficulties often persist in adulthood, although non-motor difficulties may become more prominent as expectations and demands change over time. […] A range of co-occurring difficulties can have a substantial adverse impact on life including mental and physical health, and difficulties with time management, planning, personal organisation, and social skills. […] With appropriate recognition, reasonable adjustments, support, and strategies in place people with DCD can be very successful in their lives. […] The DSM V Diagnostic Criteria for Developmental Co-Ordination Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) includes motor performance that is substantially below expected levels, given the person’s chronologic age and previous opportunities for skill acquisition.

• #82 Dyspraxia (developmental co-ordination disorder) in …

  https://www.nicswell.co.uk/conditions-and-treatments/dyspraxia-developmental-co-ordination-disorder-in-adults

  Dyspraxia, also known as developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD), is a common disorder that affects your movement and co-ordination. […] Dyspraxia should not be confused with other disorders affecting movement, such as cerebral palsy and stroke. It can affect people of all intellectual abilities. […] You GP may refer you to a physiotherapist or an occupational therapist for tests. They will assess your movements and how your symptoms are affecting you before making a diagnosis. […] Although there is no cure for dyspraxia, there are therapies that can help you cope with your condition and be successful in your studies, work and home life, such as occupational therapy to help you find practical ways to remain independent and manage everyday tasks such as writing or preparing food. […] Dyspraxia can have a big effect on your life, but support is available to help you manage your condition and have the best possible quality of living.

• #83 Developmental Coordination Disorder | Psychology Today

  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/developmental-coordination-disorder

  A diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder may be given if the motor skill impairment interferes with activities of daily living and negatively impacts a persons ability to participate in school, work, leisure, and play. […] Developmental coordination disorder is typically not diagnosed before age five because the age when children develop motor skills varies. Before a diagnosis is given, children will likely undergo additional tests to rule out the possibility of a medical condition or learning disorder. […] Treatment is thought to be most effective when initiated early. But adults with developmental coordination disorder can still benefit greatly from occupational therapy or physical therapy, which can improve coordination, improve physical fitness, and allow the individual to develop strategies to complete common, everyday motor tasks. […] Most cases of developmental coordination disorder are treated with occupational therapy, which aims to improve a patients motor skills and become more adept at common, everyday tasks, such as brushing teeth or buttoning a shirt.

• #84 Dyspraxia (developmental co-ordination disorder) in adults – EM Doctors

  https://em-doctors.com/conditions/developmental-coordination-disorder-dyspraxia-in-adults

  Dyspraxia, also known as developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD), is a common disorder that affects your movement and co-ordination. […] Dyspraxia should not be confused with other disorders affecting movement, such as cerebral palsy and stroke. It can affect people of all intellectual abilities. […] You GP may refer you to a physiotherapist or an occupational therapist for tests. They will assess your movements and how your symptoms are affecting you before making a diagnosis. […] Although there is no cure for dyspraxia, there are therapies that can help you cope with your condition and be successful in your studies, work and home life, such as occupational therapy to help you find practical ways to remain independent and manage everyday tasks such as writing or preparing food.

Zobacz więcej