Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Mitral valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355112

  Mitral valve disease treatment depends on the symptoms, the severity of the condition, and whether the condition is worsening. […] A doctor trained in heart disease, called a cardiologist, typically provides care for people with mitral valve disease. Treatment of mitral valve disease might include regular health checkups to see how well you’re doing. If you have mitral valve disease, you might be asked to: Make healthy lifestyle changes. Take medicines to treat symptoms. Take blood thinners to reduce the risk of blood clots if you have an irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation. […] A diseased or damaged mitral valve might eventually need to be repaired or replaced, even if you don’t have symptoms. Surgery for mitral valve disease includes mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement.

• #2 Understanding Your Heart Valve Treatment Options | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options

  Recovery statistics are very good for people who receive proper treatment. […] Treatment for valve disease will include a plan to: Protect your heart from further damage. Assess your need for medication to help manage symptoms. Repair the valve problem if needed. Communicate steps for management, self-care and the importance of follow-up care. […] Generally, once it’s determined that a diseased heart valve needs treatment, the available choices are valve repair or replacement: Valve repair — preserves the patient’s valve and leaflets. Sometimes repairs require a minor surgical procedure and other times repairs need a more extensive surgery. Repair is most often possible mitral valve regurgitation and tricuspid valve regurgitation. Valve replacement — may include open heart surgery or a minimally invasive procedure such as TAVR (or TAVI).

• #3 Mitral Valve Disease: Types, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23235-mitral-valve-disease

  Mitral valve disease can be acquired (it develops over time as you get older) or congenital (you were born with it). […] Treatment depends on how well your valve is working and the symptoms you’re having. […] Treatment for mitral valve disease depends on your symptoms. If you don’t have any symptoms, you may not need treatment. If you do have symptoms and need treatment, your provider will discuss your options with you. […] Treatment options for mitral valve disease include: Balloon valvotomy. This catheter-based procedure treats mitral valve stenosis. It separates the cusps (flaps) of your mitral valve using a balloon. […] Medication. Your provider may prescribe drugs that ease some of your symptoms. […] Mitral valve repair surgery. Most doctors prefer this method over replacement surgery whenever possible.

• #4 Heart valve disease

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heart-valve-disease/

  If you have mild heart valve disease and you do not have any symptoms, you may not need treatment. You’ll usually have regular check-ups to see if your condition is getting worse. […] If you have symptoms or have severe heart valve disease, you may need medicines to: lower your blood pressure and help protect your heart (ACE inhibitors), reduce build-up of fluid in your body and lungs (diuretics), slow down your heart rate (such as beta blockers), reduce the risk of blood clots (anticoagulants). […] If you have severe heart valve disease you’ll usually need surgery to either: repair the heart valve, if it’s not seriously damaged, replace the heart valve with an artificial valve or one made from human or animal tissue, if it cannot be repaired.

• #5 Mitral valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355112

  Mitral valve disease treatment depends on the symptoms, the severity of the condition, and whether the condition is worsening. […] A doctor trained in heart disease, called a cardiologist, typically provides care for people with mitral valve disease. Treatment of mitral valve disease might include regular health checkups to see how well you’re doing. If you have mitral valve disease, you might be asked to: Make healthy lifestyle changes. Take medicines to treat symptoms. Take blood thinners to reduce the risk of blood clots if you have an irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation. […] A diseased or damaged mitral valve might eventually need to be repaired or replaced, even if you don’t have symptoms. Surgery for mitral valve disease includes mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement.

• #6 Mitral Valve Disease: Types, Causes, and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/mitral-valve-disease

  Treatment for mitral valve disease may not be necessary, depending on the severity of your condition and symptoms. If your case is severe enough, there are three possible treatments or combination of treatments that may correct your condition. […] If treatment is necessary, your doctor may begin by treating you with medications. There are no medications that can actually fix the structural issues with your mitral valve. Some medications can ease your symptoms or prevent them from getting worse. These medications may include: antiarrhythmics, to treat abnormal heart rhythms; anticoagulants, to thin your blood; beta blockers, to slow your heart rate; diuretics, to reduce accumulation of fluid in your lungs. […] In some cases, your doctor may need to perform medical procedures. For example, in cases of mitral valve stenosis, your doctor may be able to use a balloon to open up the valve in a procedure called balloon valvuloplasty.

• #7 Medications for Heart Valve Symptoms | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/medications-for-heart-valve-symptoms

  People who are diagnosed with heart valve disease may be prescribed medications to help relieve symptoms and decrease the risk of further problems. […] Although medications can serve a very important purpose, there is no medication that will stop a valve from leaking. Likewise, there’s no medication that will open a valve that’s too constricted. […] If your valve disease progresses, surgical treatment may be necessary. Your health care team can help you understand and evaluate options for heart valve repair or valve replacement surgery.

• #8 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Diagnosis & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/treatment

  Mitral valve regurgitation treatments […] The treatment for mitral valve regurgitation depends on the severity of the condition and whether it is causing symptoms. The first step is determining whether you have mild or severe regurgitation and whether it involves degenerative mitral valve disease. For patients with degenerative valve disease, our centers offer the latest in minimally invasive and surgical repair techniques. […] For more severe cases of mitral valve regurgitation, treatment is often necessary to improve symptoms and prevent serious complications like congestive heart failure. […] Treatments for mitral valve regurgitation can include medicines called beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors (which lessen the workload on the heart), medicines that slow your heart rate, and medicines to manage symptoms like swelling.

• #9 Heart valve disease

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heart-valve-disease/

  If you have mild heart valve disease and you do not have any symptoms, you may not need treatment. You’ll usually have regular check-ups to see if your condition is getting worse. […] If you have symptoms or have severe heart valve disease, you may need medicines to: lower your blood pressure and help protect your heart (ACE inhibitors), reduce build-up of fluid in your body and lungs (diuretics), slow down your heart rate (such as beta blockers), reduce the risk of blood clots (anticoagulants). […] If you have severe heart valve disease you’ll usually need surgery to either: repair the heart valve, if it’s not seriously damaged, replace the heart valve with an artificial valve or one made from human or animal tissue, if it cannot be repaired.

• #10 Mitral Valve Disease: Types, Causes, and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/mitral-valve-disease

  Treatment for mitral valve disease may not be necessary, depending on the severity of your condition and symptoms. If your case is severe enough, there are three possible treatments or combination of treatments that may correct your condition. […] If treatment is necessary, your doctor may begin by treating you with medications. There are no medications that can actually fix the structural issues with your mitral valve. Some medications can ease your symptoms or prevent them from getting worse. These medications may include: antiarrhythmics, to treat abnormal heart rhythms; anticoagulants, to thin your blood; beta blockers, to slow your heart rate; diuretics, to reduce accumulation of fluid in your lungs. […] In some cases, your doctor may need to perform medical procedures. For example, in cases of mitral valve stenosis, your doctor may be able to use a balloon to open up the valve in a procedure called balloon valvuloplasty.

• #11 Mitral Valve Stenosis: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21903-mitral-valve-stenosis

  Mitral valve stenosis treatments can manage but not cure your condition. Once you have symptoms, it’s important to get mitral valve stenosis treatment sooner rather than later. By the time symptoms begin, the problem is often past the mild stage. […] Some treatments, especially valve repair or replacement, can stop or reduce your symptoms for years. Other treatments, like medication, can also help by preventing complications. […] Several different types of medicine (like beta-blockers, diuretics or blood thinners) can treat symptoms of mitral valve stenosis. Some of these drugs also treat or prevent: High blood pressure, Symptoms of heart failure (especially swelling from too much fluid), Fast heart rhythms, Blood clots and stroke. […] For these procedures, a healthcare provider inserts a catheter into an artery in your body. They advance the catheter up to your heart and use it to repair or replace your valve.

• #12 Mitral Regurgitation – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/valvular-disorders/mitral-regurgitation

  Mitral valve repair preferred for primary MR. […] Medical therapy or mitral valve replacement for secondary MR. […] Anticoagulants for patients with atrial fibrillation. […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and other vasodilators do not delay LV dilation or MR progression and so have no role in asymptomatic MR with preserved LV function. However, if LV dilation or dysfunction is present, therapy using an angiotensin receptor blocker, neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril, combined with the angiotensin II blocker valsartan), blocker valsartan, aldosterone antagonist, and/or vasodilating beta-blocker (eg, carvedilol) is indicated. In secondary MR, these medications can reduce the severity of MR and probably improve prognosis. […] Acute mitral regurgitation requires emergency mitral valve repair or replacement with concomitant coronary revascularization as necessary.

• #13 Mitral Valve Stenosis: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21903-mitral-valve-stenosis

  Mitral valve stenosis treatments can manage but not cure your condition. Once you have symptoms, it’s important to get mitral valve stenosis treatment sooner rather than later. By the time symptoms begin, the problem is often past the mild stage. […] Some treatments, especially valve repair or replacement, can stop or reduce your symptoms for years. Other treatments, like medication, can also help by preventing complications. […] Several different types of medicine (like beta-blockers, diuretics or blood thinners) can treat symptoms of mitral valve stenosis. Some of these drugs also treat or prevent: High blood pressure, Symptoms of heart failure (especially swelling from too much fluid), Fast heart rhythms, Blood clots and stroke. […] For these procedures, a healthcare provider inserts a catheter into an artery in your body. They advance the catheter up to your heart and use it to repair or replace your valve.

• #14 Mitral valve regurgitation: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000176.htm

  Treatment will depend on what symptoms you have, what condition caused the mitral valve regurgitation, how well the heart is working, and if the heart has become enlarged. […] People with high blood pressure or a weakened heart muscle may be given medicines to reduce the strain on the heart and ease symptoms. […] The following medicines may be prescribed when mitral regurgitation symptoms get worse: Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or calcium channel blockers; Blood thinners (anticoagulants) to help prevent blood clots in people with atrial fibrillation; Medicines that help control uneven or abnormal heartbeats; Water pills (diuretics) to remove excess fluid in the lungs. […] A low-sodium diet may be helpful. You may need to limit your activity if symptoms develop. […] Once the diagnosis is made, you should visit your provider regularly to track your symptoms and heart function.

• #15 Mitral valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355112

  Mitral valve disease treatment depends on the symptoms, the severity of the condition, and whether the condition is worsening. […] A doctor trained in heart disease, called a cardiologist, typically provides care for people with mitral valve disease. Treatment of mitral valve disease might include regular health checkups to see how well you’re doing. If you have mitral valve disease, you might be asked to: Make healthy lifestyle changes. Take medicines to treat symptoms. Take blood thinners to reduce the risk of blood clots if you have an irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation. […] A diseased or damaged mitral valve might eventually need to be repaired or replaced, even if you don’t have symptoms. Surgery for mitral valve disease includes mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement.

• #16 Mitral Regurgitation – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/valvular-disorders/mitral-regurgitation

  Mitral valve repair preferred for primary MR. […] Medical therapy or mitral valve replacement for secondary MR. […] Anticoagulants for patients with atrial fibrillation. […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and other vasodilators do not delay LV dilation or MR progression and so have no role in asymptomatic MR with preserved LV function. However, if LV dilation or dysfunction is present, therapy using an angiotensin receptor blocker, neprilysin inhibitor (eg, sacubitril, combined with the angiotensin II blocker valsartan), blocker valsartan, aldosterone antagonist, and/or vasodilating beta-blocker (eg, carvedilol) is indicated. In secondary MR, these medications can reduce the severity of MR and probably improve prognosis. […] Acute mitral regurgitation requires emergency mitral valve repair or replacement with concomitant coronary revascularization as necessary.

• #17 Medications for Heart Valve Symptoms | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options/medications-for-heart-valve-symptoms

  People who are diagnosed with heart valve disease may be prescribed medications to help relieve symptoms and decrease the risk of further problems. […] Although medications can serve a very important purpose, there is no medication that will stop a valve from leaking. Likewise, there’s no medication that will open a valve that’s too constricted. […] If your valve disease progresses, surgical treatment may be necessary. Your health care team can help you understand and evaluate options for heart valve repair or valve replacement surgery.

• #18 Mitral Valve Disease Treatments | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/heart-and-vascular/conditions-and-treatments/mitral-valve-disease/treatments

  Mitral valve disease should be regularly monitored by your physician so that both of you can determine the best course of treatment. […] Medications may provide symptomatic relief for low-to-moderate mitral valve stenosis, but once mitral valve disease becomes severe, surgical repair or replacement of the valve or a transcatheter heart valve procedure can be the most effective treatment to avoid the onset of heart failure.

• #19 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Diagnosis & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/treatment

  As your condition progresses, surgery may be the best option to reduce symptoms and lower your risk of serious complications like congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation, which can cause strokes. Modern surgical treatment for mitral valve regurgitation uses minimally invasive techniques when possible, to reduce your recovery time and complications. […] Mitral valve repair can be done in two main ways: […] A procedure that uses small incisions to fix the mitral valve, offering quicker recovery, less pain, and shorter hospital stays compared to traditional surgery. […] For patients who are not eligible for surgery, or in certain cases of non-primary mitral regurgitation, a transcatheter option can be considered. In this procedure, a clip is placed on the mitral valve to help close it more completely. This option is evaluated by a comprehensive valve team.

• #20 Mitral Valve Stenosis: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21903-mitral-valve-stenosis

  Mitral valve stenosis treatments can manage but not cure your condition. Once you have symptoms, it’s important to get mitral valve stenosis treatment sooner rather than later. By the time symptoms begin, the problem is often past the mild stage. […] Some treatments, especially valve repair or replacement, can stop or reduce your symptoms for years. Other treatments, like medication, can also help by preventing complications. […] Several different types of medicine (like beta-blockers, diuretics or blood thinners) can treat symptoms of mitral valve stenosis. Some of these drugs also treat or prevent: High blood pressure, Symptoms of heart failure (especially swelling from too much fluid), Fast heart rhythms, Blood clots and stroke. […] For these procedures, a healthcare provider inserts a catheter into an artery in your body. They advance the catheter up to your heart and use it to repair or replace your valve.

• #21 Heart Valve Disease: Treatment and Types | Froedtert & MCW

  https://www.froedtert.com/heart-valve-disease

  This transcatheter procedure uses a balloon to open or widen the problem valve to restore normal blood flow in patients. During the procedure, the physician inserts a balloon via a catheter through a vein in the patients leg to the problem valve in the patients heart. Once in place, the balloon is inflated to open or widen the valve and restore normal blood flow. Valvuloplasty can potentially be used for all types of valve stenosis (aortic, mitral, tricuspid and pulmonic).

• #22 Mitral Valve Stenosis: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21903-mitral-valve-stenosis

  Recovery time for mitral valve stenosis repair or replacement procedures depends on the method. Surgical methods take the longest. You may need to stay in the hospital for days, and it may be weeks before you recover fully. […] Methods that use a catheter-based approach have much faster recovery times. Most people can go home either the same day or the next day and recover fully in days or a few weeks.

• #23 Treating mitral valve regurgitation – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/treating-mitral-valve-regurgitation

  Mitral valve regurgitation is the most common type of valvular heart disease in the U.S. The prevalence of the condition increases with age. About 10% of adults over 75 have mitral valve regurgitation. […] Severe, symptomatic mitral valve regurgitation can weaken the heart and lower life expectancy if not treated. […] The goal of treatment is to improve heart function and reduce symptoms. This may include regular monitoring, medication, valve repair or valve replacement. […] For severe cases, the healthcare team may recommend repairing a leaky valve with open heart mitral valve repair or replacement surgery. In suitable patients, the mitral valve also can be repaired without open heart surgery using a catheter-based endovascular procedure. […] Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair, or TEER, of the mitral valve is an alternative to traditional open-heart surgery to treat a leaky valve. The minimally invasive procedure is performed in a cardiac catheterization lab. […] A TEER procedure may be a good option if you have severe mitral valve regurgitation, aren’t a good candidate for open-heart surgery, or have heart failure with mitral valve regurgitation due to heart enlargement.

• #24 Mitral Valve Disease: Types, Causes, Signs, Treatments – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/valve-disease/mitral-valve-disease

  At UChicago Medicine, we specialize in diagnosing and managing heart valve disease. Depending on the severity of the condition and the patients’ medical history, treatment may include medications and lifestyle changes as well as surgical or interventional therapies. Our physicians are highly skilled in performing mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement heart surgery, including robotic heart surgery, and transcatheter mitral valve repair. We have a multidisciplinary team of experts that evaluates each patient to determine which strategy will be the most successful and provide the best quality of life. […] The MitraClip is a small, mechanical clasp that is implanted into the heart and is used to join the two mitral valve leaflets together to reduce leakage. This is a minimally invasive mitral valve procedure in which the clip is implanted using a catheter that enters through the femoral vein and is guided to the chest. Patients are typically discharged within 48 hours, and many experience symptom relief from regurgitation immediately.

• #25 Transcatheter Heart Valve Therapies for the Mitral Valve | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/treatments/transcatheter-heart-valve-therapies-for-mitral-valve

  Transcatheter procedures allow the procedure to be performed while the patients heart is still beating, eliminating the need for a heart bypass machine and its associated risks. […] The Transcatheter Heart Valve Program at Northwestern Medicine offers two mitral valve transcatheter treatment options: MitraClip and transcatheter mitral valve in valve replacement. […] MitraClip is the only device currently approved by the FDA for transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). […] Transcatheter Mitral Valve in Valve Replacement: A minimally invasive TMVR procedure for patients who have had previous open heart valve surgery to replace the mitral valve with a bioprosthetic/tissue valve and the valve is now failing. […] The MitraClip System is designed to reduce the amount of mitral regurgitation without the need for surgery (less invasive). […] The EVOQUE valve is designed to replace the mitral heart valve without open heart surgery. […] The PASCAL System and the MitraClip System are designed to reduce the amount of mitral regurgitation without the need for surgery (less invasive).

• #26 Mitral Valve Disease: Types, Causes, Signs, Treatments – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/valve-disease/mitral-valve-disease

  At UChicago Medicine, we specialize in diagnosing and managing heart valve disease. Depending on the severity of the condition and the patients’ medical history, treatment may include medications and lifestyle changes as well as surgical or interventional therapies. Our physicians are highly skilled in performing mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement heart surgery, including robotic heart surgery, and transcatheter mitral valve repair. We have a multidisciplinary team of experts that evaluates each patient to determine which strategy will be the most successful and provide the best quality of life. […] The MitraClip is a small, mechanical clasp that is implanted into the heart and is used to join the two mitral valve leaflets together to reduce leakage. This is a minimally invasive mitral valve procedure in which the clip is implanted using a catheter that enters through the femoral vein and is guided to the chest. Patients are typically discharged within 48 hours, and many experience symptom relief from regurgitation immediately.

• #27 Transcatheter Heart Valve Therapies for the Mitral Valve | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/treatments/transcatheter-heart-valve-therapies-for-mitral-valve

  Transcatheter procedures allow the procedure to be performed while the patients heart is still beating, eliminating the need for a heart bypass machine and its associated risks. […] The Transcatheter Heart Valve Program at Northwestern Medicine offers two mitral valve transcatheter treatment options: MitraClip and transcatheter mitral valve in valve replacement. […] MitraClip is the only device currently approved by the FDA for transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). […] Transcatheter Mitral Valve in Valve Replacement: A minimally invasive TMVR procedure for patients who have had previous open heart valve surgery to replace the mitral valve with a bioprosthetic/tissue valve and the valve is now failing. […] The MitraClip System is designed to reduce the amount of mitral regurgitation without the need for surgery (less invasive). […] The EVOQUE valve is designed to replace the mitral heart valve without open heart surgery. […] The PASCAL System and the MitraClip System are designed to reduce the amount of mitral regurgitation without the need for surgery (less invasive).

• #28

  https://www.beaumont.org/treatments/transcatheter-mitral-valve-replacement

  Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR) is a treatment option for patients with mitral valve disease (mitral valve stenosis or mitral valve regurgitation). TMVR is a minimally invasive option using a catheter-based approach for high-risk patients whose existing mitral valve (native valve or prosthesis) is diseased and who are too ill or frail for traditional heart valve surgery. […] Patients with mitral valve stenosis or mitral valve regurgitation undergo a comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team in Beaumont’s Heart Valve Clinic. The heart team consists of interventional cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and advanced cardiac imaging specialists. Together with the patient, family and referring physician, the heart team makes tailored recommendations for each patient. […] Some other treatment options patients may receive for the above diagnoses include: MitraClip (mitral valve regurgitation), Balloon valvuloplasty (mitral valve stenosis), Minimally invasive valve surgery (mitral valve stenosis or regurgitation).

• #29 Mitral valve disease treatment at The Christ Hospital Health Network

  https://www.thechristhospital.com/Pages/Our%20Services/heart/Mitral-Valve-Disease-Treatment.aspx

  Our heart surgeons have expertise in the full range of minimally invasive approaches for mitral valve repair, enabling us to offer individualized treatment for each patient. […] Transcatheter mitral valve repair The MitraClip procedure (see video above) is a minimally invasive catheter-based therapy. It’s performed using venous access and real-time imaging, thereby avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass. This treatment increases the options for patients with significant, symptomatic, degenerative MR who are not candidates for surgery. […] Benefits of minimally invasive mitral valve disease treatment typically include: A shorter recovery with fewer complications, A lifesaving option for patients who cannot undergo open-heart surgery, A renewed energy and improved quality of life for most patients.

• #30

  https://www.beaumont.org/treatments/transcatheter-mitral-valve-replacement

  Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR) is a treatment option for patients with mitral valve disease (mitral valve stenosis or mitral valve regurgitation). TMVR is a minimally invasive option using a catheter-based approach for high-risk patients whose existing mitral valve (native valve or prosthesis) is diseased and who are too ill or frail for traditional heart valve surgery. […] Patients with mitral valve stenosis or mitral valve regurgitation undergo a comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team in Beaumont’s Heart Valve Clinic. The heart team consists of interventional cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and advanced cardiac imaging specialists. Together with the patient, family and referring physician, the heart team makes tailored recommendations for each patient. […] Some other treatment options patients may receive for the above diagnoses include: MitraClip (mitral valve regurgitation), Balloon valvuloplasty (mitral valve stenosis), Minimally invasive valve surgery (mitral valve stenosis or regurgitation).

• #31 Mitral valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355112

  Mitral valve disease treatment depends on the symptoms, the severity of the condition, and whether the condition is worsening. […] A doctor trained in heart disease, called a cardiologist, typically provides care for people with mitral valve disease. Treatment of mitral valve disease might include regular health checkups to see how well you’re doing. If you have mitral valve disease, you might be asked to: Make healthy lifestyle changes. Take medicines to treat symptoms. Take blood thinners to reduce the risk of blood clots if you have an irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation. […] A diseased or damaged mitral valve might eventually need to be repaired or replaced, even if you don’t have symptoms. Surgery for mitral valve disease includes mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement.

• #32 Mitral Valve Disorders | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/mitral-valve-disorders

  If the valve becomes diseased or damaged, it may be surgically repaired or replaced to restore function. […] Surgical repair of a malfunctioning mitral valve is recommended when it causes symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pains, dizziness, swelling of the ankles or legs, cough or heart palpitations. […] If the mitral valve becomes diseased or damaged, it may be surgically repaired to restore function. Mitral valves also may be replaced with an artificial or natural valve. However, research has shown that there are many advantages of surgically repairing, rather than replacing, a mitral valve. […] Mitral valve repair is an open heart procedure performed by a cardiothoracic surgeon, a doctor who specializes in heart and lung conditions. […] The two most common surgical mitral valve repairs include: Ring Annuloplasty and Valve Repair.

• #33 Heart Valve Disease Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/valve-disease-treatments

  Diseased heart valves can be treated both surgically (traditional heart valve surgery) and non-surgically (balloon valvuloplasty). […] The mitral valve is the most commonly repaired heart valve, but the aortic, pulmonic, and tricuspid valves may also undergo some of these repair techniques. […] The advantages of heart valve repair surgery include decreased need for life-long blood thinner (anticoagulant) medication and preserved heart muscle strength. […] When you have aortic or pulmonic heart valve disease, valve replacement surgery is usually performed. […] During valve replacement surgery, the faulty valve is removed and a new valve is sewn to the annulus of your original valve. […] Yes. Balloon valvuloplasty is used to increase the opening of a narrowed (stenotic) heart valve.

• #34 Mitral valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355112

  In mitral valve repair, the surgeon removes and repairs part of the damaged mitral valve to allow the valve to fully close and stop leaking. The surgeon may tighten or reinforce the ring around a valve, called the annulus, by placing an artificial ring called an annuloplasty band. […] During mitral valve replacement, the heart surgeon removes the mitral valve and replaces it with a mechanical valve or a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue. A tissue valve is often called a biological tissue valve. […] If you had mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve, you need blood thinners for life to prevent blood clots. Biological tissue valves break down over time and usually need to be replaced.

• #35 Mitral valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355112

  In mitral valve repair, the surgeon removes and repairs part of the damaged mitral valve to allow the valve to fully close and stop leaking. The surgeon may tighten or reinforce the ring around a valve, called the annulus, by placing an artificial ring called an annuloplasty band. […] During mitral valve replacement, the heart surgeon removes the mitral valve and replaces it with a mechanical valve or a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue. A tissue valve is often called a biological tissue valve. […] If you had mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve, you need blood thinners for life to prevent blood clots. Biological tissue valves break down over time and usually need to be replaced.

• #36 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival.

• #37 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival.

• #38 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival.

• #39 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival.

• #40 Heart Valve Disease Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/valve-disease-treatments

  Diseased heart valves can be treated both surgically (traditional heart valve surgery) and non-surgically (balloon valvuloplasty). […] The mitral valve is the most commonly repaired heart valve, but the aortic, pulmonic, and tricuspid valves may also undergo some of these repair techniques. […] The advantages of heart valve repair surgery include decreased need for life-long blood thinner (anticoagulant) medication and preserved heart muscle strength. […] When you have aortic or pulmonic heart valve disease, valve replacement surgery is usually performed. […] During valve replacement surgery, the faulty valve is removed and a new valve is sewn to the annulus of your original valve. […] Yes. Balloon valvuloplasty is used to increase the opening of a narrowed (stenotic) heart valve.

• #41 Mitral Valve Disease (Regurgitation) | Inova

  https://www.inova.org/our-services/inova-schar-heart-and-vascular/conditions-treatments/mitral-valve-disease

  A healthy mitral valve maintains blood flow in one direction, from the atrium to the ventricle, and from the ventricle to the rest of the body. If the valve becomes damaged, surgery may be necessary to ensure proper blood flow through the heart. […] Your Inova cardiac surgeon is your best resource to determine which valve treatment is ideal for your individual situation. […] Minimally invasive valve repair has numerous patient benefits, including: Small incision, less pain and tissue damage, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery and return to daily activities, no change in normal heart architecture, better left ventricular function after surgery, no need for repeat surgery due to prosthetic valve degeneration or infection, no need to take lifelong blood thinning medications to prevent blood clots.

• #42 Mitral valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355112

  In mitral valve repair, the surgeon removes and repairs part of the damaged mitral valve to allow the valve to fully close and stop leaking. The surgeon may tighten or reinforce the ring around a valve, called the annulus, by placing an artificial ring called an annuloplasty band. […] During mitral valve replacement, the heart surgeon removes the mitral valve and replaces it with a mechanical valve or a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue. A tissue valve is often called a biological tissue valve. […] If you had mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve, you need blood thinners for life to prevent blood clots. Biological tissue valves break down over time and usually need to be replaced.

• #43 Mitral valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355112

  In mitral valve repair, the surgeon removes and repairs part of the damaged mitral valve to allow the valve to fully close and stop leaking. The surgeon may tighten or reinforce the ring around a valve, called the annulus, by placing an artificial ring called an annuloplasty band. […] During mitral valve replacement, the heart surgeon removes the mitral valve and replaces it with a mechanical valve or a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue. A tissue valve is often called a biological tissue valve. […] If you had mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve, you need blood thinners for life to prevent blood clots. Biological tissue valves break down over time and usually need to be replaced.

• #44 Mitral Valve Disease (Regurgitation) | Inova

  https://www.inova.org/our-services/inova-schar-heart-and-vascular/conditions-treatments/mitral-valve-disease

  Mitral valve replacement is performed less frequently, usually in cases where the valve cannot be repaired. Options include biological (tissue valves) and mechanical valves. Biological valves are usually made from pig or cow tissue. They are easy to insert and generally last 15 to 20 years. Patients who receive tissue valves do not need to take a blood thinning medication for the rest of their lives. Mechanical valves are also easy to insert and durable, generally lasting more than 20 years. Patients who receive mechanical valves must take a blood thinning medication for the rest of their lives to prevent blood clots. […] The surgeons at Inova Schar Heart and Vascular are leaders in mitral valve repair, particularly minimally invasive techniques. Our minimally invasive surgical program includes the most advanced surgical techniques available to repair and replace all heart valves: aortic, mitral, tricuspid and pulmonary.

• #45 Mitral Valve Disease (Regurgitation) | Inova

  https://www.inova.org/our-services/inova-schar-heart-and-vascular/conditions-treatments/mitral-valve-disease

  Mitral valve replacement is performed less frequently, usually in cases where the valve cannot be repaired. Options include biological (tissue valves) and mechanical valves. Biological valves are usually made from pig or cow tissue. They are easy to insert and generally last 15 to 20 years. Patients who receive tissue valves do not need to take a blood thinning medication for the rest of their lives. Mechanical valves are also easy to insert and durable, generally lasting more than 20 years. Patients who receive mechanical valves must take a blood thinning medication for the rest of their lives to prevent blood clots. […] The surgeons at Inova Schar Heart and Vascular are leaders in mitral valve repair, particularly minimally invasive techniques. Our minimally invasive surgical program includes the most advanced surgical techniques available to repair and replace all heart valves: aortic, mitral, tricuspid and pulmonary.

• #46 Mitral Valve Repair and Treatment | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/mitral-valve-repair-and-treatment

  Treatment options for mitral valve disease include: […] Sometimes, the most appropriate treatment is a nonsurgical approach that involves medications, lifestyle changes and monitoring. […] Most of the transcatheter approaches are in clinical trials and approved for people who are unable to tolerate open-heart surgery. […] Transcatheter techniques use catheters (thin tubes) to reach the heart. Catheter-based treatments dont require surgery and large incisions, which leads to a shorter hospital stay, less pain and quicker recovery. […] Our doctors use different entry points for catheter-based mitral valve treatment, including the groin and chest. […] Our doctors often use a minimally invasive surgical approach to repair or replace the mitral valve. […] In some cases, we recommend open-heart surgery for patients with severe mitral prolapse or multiple heart conditions, or for those who have had previous operations. […] Our surgical teams are among the best in the country. We perform a high volume of complex surgical procedures and have excellent outcomes.

• #47 Mitral Valve Disease | Durham, Raleigh, NC | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/heart/mitral-valve-disease

  If surgery is the best option for you, your doctor may recommend open-heart surgery — accessing the heart via an incision in the chest — for the repair or replacement of the mitral valve. Or you may be a candidate for a less-invasive surgical option: […] Surgeons access the heart and replace the mitral valve through a small incision between the ribs. The minimally invasive approach may result in less blood loss, lower infection risk, and less scarring. Minimally invasive surgery will also shorten your recovery. […] Interventional cardiologists insert a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into a blood vessel in your groin. They thread the catheter through your circulatory system to the heart. These procedures may be recommended for people whose health risks are too high for open-heart surgery.

• #48 Mitral Valve Repair and Treatment | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/mitral-valve-repair-and-treatment

  Treatment options for mitral valve disease include: […] Sometimes, the most appropriate treatment is a nonsurgical approach that involves medications, lifestyle changes and monitoring. […] Most of the transcatheter approaches are in clinical trials and approved for people who are unable to tolerate open-heart surgery. […] Transcatheter techniques use catheters (thin tubes) to reach the heart. Catheter-based treatments dont require surgery and large incisions, which leads to a shorter hospital stay, less pain and quicker recovery. […] Our doctors use different entry points for catheter-based mitral valve treatment, including the groin and chest. […] Our doctors often use a minimally invasive surgical approach to repair or replace the mitral valve. […] In some cases, we recommend open-heart surgery for patients with severe mitral prolapse or multiple heart conditions, or for those who have had previous operations. […] Our surgical teams are among the best in the country. We perform a high volume of complex surgical procedures and have excellent outcomes.

• #49 Mitral Valve Treatment – Heart Valves – Heart | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/heart-valves/mitral-valve-treatment

  Our teams include experts in the use of totally robotic endoscopic surgery to perform mitral valve repair or replacement. Robotic surgery is a form of minimally invasive heart surgery that uses dexterous robotic instruments and a robotically controlled 3D camera to perform surgery through very small incisions with a degree of precision and visualization that would be difficult or impossible without them. […] You may need open-heart surgery if you have more than one damaged heart valve in need of treatment. Our experienced team provides open-heart surgery for some people with mitral valve disease, with exceptional outcomes. […] Our doctors are developing and evaluating new approaches that combine surgery and interventional cardiology techniques to treat some people with damaged heart valves.

• #50 Mitral Valve Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/mitral-valve-disease

  Doctors at our Heart Valve Center are pioneers in innovative procedures for the treatment of mitral valve disease. […] At our Mitral Valve Repair Program, we use open, robotic, and minimally invasive surgical techniques to treat mitral valve disease. […] At the Transcatheter Heart Valve Program, our doctors use nonsurgical transcatheter-based techniques to repair and replace the mitral valve. […] Mitral valve disease treatment includes robotic, minimally invasive, and transcatheter techniques. […] When required, our surgeons perform sternotomy, also known as open heart surgery, which can be done by dividing the breastbone or through small incisions in the ribcage. […] Transcatheter procedures have shown to improve quality of life and provide longevity for those who have mitral valve disease. […] Damaged mitral valves can be repaired using robotic procedures. […] Damaged mitral valves can be repaired using minimally invasive techniques.

• #51 Mitral Valve Disease | Durham, Raleigh, NC | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/heart/mitral-valve-disease

  When appropriate, we combine valve repair or replacement surgeries with transcatheter procedures in our fully equipped hybrid operating room. Having two procedures at once may reduce your risk for complications and help you recover faster. […] When possible, our surgeons opt to repair the mitral valve rather than replace it. As a result, you are less likely to require blood thinners and undergo repeat procedures. Repairing a mitral valve requires expertise and experience that not all surgeons have. […] Our surgeons are ranked among the worlds leaders in mini-thoracotomy procedures, a minimally invasive technique used for valve repair. The use of smaller incisions, rather than mid-chest incision, reduces blood loss, scarring, and the risk of infection while speeding your recovery time. […] After mitral valve surgery, our cardiac prevention and rehabilitation programs provide personalized plans for recovery and long-term management of your heart health, including exercise instruction, nutritional counseling, and more.

• #52 Understanding Your Heart Valve Treatment Options | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options

  Most valve conditions can’t be treated with medication alone. However, sometimes the problem isn’t severe enough to require repair or valve replacement, but it’s bothersome enough to cause symptoms or risks. In these cases, a condition might be effectively managed for a while with medication. […] Heart valve disease is usually progressive. The outlook for those who receive no treatment can be poor. But many who do receive treatment go on to live very full and healthy lives, especially when their cardiovascular risks are otherwise low. […] Evidence is also clear that, with proper treatment, most people enjoy an improvement in health and quality of life. […] As with all surgeries, there are risks. Because every patient is different, your doctor and your health care team will discuss your treatment options and recommend the best option for you. […] People who have damaged, repaired or replaced heart valves are at increased risk for developing an infection of the valve, known as infective endocarditis.

• #53 Understanding Your Heart Valve Treatment Options | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/understanding-your-heart-valve-treatment-options

  Most valve conditions can’t be treated with medication alone. However, sometimes the problem isn’t severe enough to require repair or valve replacement, but it’s bothersome enough to cause symptoms or risks. In these cases, a condition might be effectively managed for a while with medication. […] Heart valve disease is usually progressive. The outlook for those who receive no treatment can be poor. But many who do receive treatment go on to live very full and healthy lives, especially when their cardiovascular risks are otherwise low. […] Evidence is also clear that, with proper treatment, most people enjoy an improvement in health and quality of life. […] As with all surgeries, there are risks. Because every patient is different, your doctor and your health care team will discuss your treatment options and recommend the best option for you. […] People who have damaged, repaired or replaced heart valves are at increased risk for developing an infection of the valve, known as infective endocarditis.

• #54 Mitral Regurgitation: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/mitral-regurgitation-pro

  Consider transcatheter edge-to-edge repair, if suitable, for adults with severe primary mitral regurgitation and symptoms, if surgery is unsuitable. […] Consider surgical mitral valve repair (by median sternotomy or minimally invasive surgery) for adults with severe secondary mitral regurgitation who are having cardiac surgery for another indication, if surgery is suitable. […] Consider surgical mitral valve replacement (by median sternotomy or minimally invasive surgery) for adults with severe secondary mitral regurgitation who are having cardiac surgery for another indication, if the valve is not suitable for repair and surgery is suitable. […] Offer medical management to adults with heart failure and severe secondary mitral regurgitation, if surgery is unsuitable. […] Consider transcatheter mitral edge-to-edge repair for adults with heart failure and severe secondary mitral regurgitation, if surgery is unsuitable and they remain symptomatic on medical management.

• #55 Less-Invasive Treatment Offers Alternative for Mitral Valve Regurgitation Patients – Medical Update

  https://medicalupdate.pennstatehealth.org/cardiology/alternative-mitral-valve-treatment/

  Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most frequently reported valve disease in the United States, twice as common as aortic valve disease. […] Interventional cardiologist Pradeep Yadav, MD, Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, along with his structural heart team at Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, has opened the door to valve repair for many patients by offering a less invasive procedure using the MitraClip system. This fully percutaneous procedure is done via a vein in the leg in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. […] Dr. Yadav emphasizes that the MitraClip procedure provides a viable option to patients even those older than 80 years of age who otherwise would not be a candidate for open heart surgery and could only be treated medically. Patients are ambulatory within hours, often get discharged the next day, have fewer heart failure-related hospitalizations and report better quality of life, due to less mitral regurgitation.

• #56 A Nonsurgical Treatment for Mitral Valve Disease | Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons

  https://www.vagelos.columbia.edu/about-us/columbia-medicine-magazine/archives/fall-winter-2015/clinical-advances/nonsurgical-treatment-mitral-valve-disease

  Physicians at Columbias Heart Valve Center are now offering a minimally invasive treatment for mitral valve regurgitation called the MitraClip. […] The MitraClip, a tiny metal device inserted with a catheter, grasps and clips the leaflets of the mitral valve together to significantly reduce or stop blood leakage, says William A. Gray, MD, director of endovascular services and associate professor of medicine at CUMC. Symptom relief is pretty remarkable and quite immediate. […] In late 2013, the FDA approved the MitraClip for use in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation who are at high risk for surgery due to their age, frailty, or poor health. […] The multicenter study, called COAPT, aims to evaluate MitraClips effectiveness in treating this type of mitral regurgitation. […] All participants in the COAPT trial will receive standard medical therapy, such as medication and implantation of a pacemaker, and will be randomly assigned to receive the MitraClip or to continue with medical therapy. […] If we find out through the COAPT trial that the MitraClip helps to reduce hospitalizations or improve survival, it will make a huge difference for these patients, says Dr. Kodali.

• #57 A Nonsurgical Treatment for Mitral Valve Disease | Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons

  https://www.vagelos.columbia.edu/about-us/columbia-medicine-magazine/archives/fall-winter-2015/clinical-advances/nonsurgical-treatment-mitral-valve-disease

  Physicians at Columbias Heart Valve Center are now offering a minimally invasive treatment for mitral valve regurgitation called the MitraClip. […] The MitraClip, a tiny metal device inserted with a catheter, grasps and clips the leaflets of the mitral valve together to significantly reduce or stop blood leakage, says William A. Gray, MD, director of endovascular services and associate professor of medicine at CUMC. Symptom relief is pretty remarkable and quite immediate. […] In late 2013, the FDA approved the MitraClip for use in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation who are at high risk for surgery due to their age, frailty, or poor health. […] The multicenter study, called COAPT, aims to evaluate MitraClips effectiveness in treating this type of mitral regurgitation. […] All participants in the COAPT trial will receive standard medical therapy, such as medication and implantation of a pacemaker, and will be randomly assigned to receive the MitraClip or to continue with medical therapy. […] If we find out through the COAPT trial that the MitraClip helps to reduce hospitalizations or improve survival, it will make a huge difference for these patients, says Dr. Kodali.

• #58 Mitral valve disease–current management and future challenges – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27025438/

  The field of mitral valve disease diagnosis and management is rapidly changing. New understanding of disease pathology and progression, with improvements in and increased use of sophisticated imaging modalities, have led to early diagnosis and complex treatment. In primary mitral regurgitation, surgical repair is the standard of care. Treatment of asymptomatic patients with severe mitral regurgitation in valve reference centres, in which successful repair is more than 95% and surgical mortality is less than 1%, should be the expectation for the next 5 years. […] Transcatheter mitral valve repair with a MitraClip device is also producing good outcomes in patients with primary mitral regurgitation who are at high surgical risk. Findings from clinical trials of MitraClip versus surgery in patients of intermediate surgical risk are expected to be initiated in the next few years.

• #59 Non-surgical Management | Mitral Valve Repair Center

  https://www.mitralvalverepair.org/non-surgical-management

  Mitral valve repair is the recommended surgical therapy for all prolapsing degenerative mitral valves. All prolapsing valves are repairable while using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Mitral valve replacement should not be an option. […] Current evidence from surgical cohorts suggests that mitral valve repair (assuming an operative mortality below 1%) yields a better outcome (survival and freedom from cardiac events) compared to the outcomes observed in non-surgically treated patients with severe regurgitation. […] It should be emphasized that the alternative to surgical therapy is, strictly speaking, not medical therapy, but observation, as there are no pharmacological options for treatment of severe mitral regurgitation. Data supporting the role of any medical treatment particularly vasodilators in the management of severe regurgitation due to degenerative mitral valve disease is scant. Indeed it has been suggested that vasodilator therapy can lead to paradoxical worsening in mitral regurgitation by shifting the prolapse earlier in the cardiac cycle. Vasodilator therapy can also mask left ventricular dysfunction and result in (potentially deleterious) delay to mitral valve surgery. According to current guidelines, there is little role for pharmacological treatment in the management of severe mitral regurgitation.

• #60 Mitral Regurgitation: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/mitral-regurgitation-pro

  In acute MR, initial treatment options include nitrates, diuretics, sodium nitroprusside, positive inotropic agents and intra-aortic balloon pump. […] When heart failure has developed, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be considered in patients with advanced MR and severe symptoms, who are not suitable for surgery or have residual symptoms following surgery. Beta-blockers and spironolactone are also appropriate. […] Urgent surgery is indicated in patients with acute severe MR. […] Surgery is indicated in patients with severe chronic primary MR who have symptoms due to chronic MR, but no contra-indications to surgery. […] Valve repair is considered to be the preferred surgical treatment in patients with severe MR. When compared with valve replacement, repair has a lower perioperative mortality, improved survival, better preservation of postoperative LV function and lower long-term morbidity. […] When repair is not possible, mitral valve replacement with preservation of the subvalvular apparatus is preferred. […] The procedure which has been evaluated in organic MR is the edge-to-edge procedure, which has shown to be effective for carefully selected patients.

• #61 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival.

• #62 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival.

• #63 Mitral Valve Disorders | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/mitral-valve-disorders

  Studies have shown that removing those structures during valve replacement may not affect heart function immediately, but 10 years after surgery, the heart is much weaker. […] In addition, inserting artificial valves into the heart may cause infections or complications, such as blood clotting. […] We can perform certain mitral valve repairs using minimally invasive techniques, such as robotic surgery, reducing recovery time and the risk of surgical complications. […] Recent research suggests that earlier surgical intervention, particularly if repair is possible, may prevent irreversible damage to the heart. Evidence shows that patients who have their valve repaired early on have greatly improved short- and long-term results. […] One of the most important procedural differences between today and years past is that now the existing valve is often repaired, rather than replaced with an artificial or human valve.

• #64 Mitral Valve Disorders | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/mitral-valve-disorders

  Studies have shown that removing those structures during valve replacement may not affect heart function immediately, but 10 years after surgery, the heart is much weaker. […] In addition, inserting artificial valves into the heart may cause infections or complications, such as blood clotting. […] We can perform certain mitral valve repairs using minimally invasive techniques, such as robotic surgery, reducing recovery time and the risk of surgical complications. […] Recent research suggests that earlier surgical intervention, particularly if repair is possible, may prevent irreversible damage to the heart. Evidence shows that patients who have their valve repaired early on have greatly improved short- and long-term results. […] One of the most important procedural differences between today and years past is that now the existing valve is often repaired, rather than replaced with an artificial or human valve.

• #65 Mitral valve disease: when should we call in the cardiac surgeon?

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-16/Mitral-valve-disease-when-should-we-call-in-the-cardiac-surgeon

  Mitral valve intervention is indicated for symptomatic severe valvular disease (typically breathlessness and fatigue). It is also indicated for asymptomatic severe valvular disease with evidence of detrimental pathophysiological changes, such as left ventricular systolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, or atrial fibrillation in asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation. […] Mitral valve surgery is indicated for severe valvular disease, usually symptomatic, although surgery is also indicated in selected asymptomatic cases. The severity of valvular disease is judged according to standard echocardiographic criteria. […] The most common indication for mitral valve surgery is symptomatic chronic severe primary mitral regurgitation, usually owing to degenerative valve disease, with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 30% (Class I recommendation); mitral valve surgery is indicated in symptomatic patients with severe LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF 30%, and/or left ventricular end-systolic diameter [LVESD] 55 mm) refractory to medical therapy when there is low comorbidity, preferably mitral valve repair (Class IIa) although mitral valve replacement may be considered in these patients when the likelihood of successful repair is low (Class IIb).

• #66 Mitral Valve Prolapse Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155494-treatment

  For patients who are surgical candidates and whose primary anatomic etiology of their MR is a degenerative disease, the ACC/AHA guidelines recommend mitral valve repair over mitral valve replacement if the repair will be successful and durable (class 1 recommendation). […] For patients with high or prohibitive surgical risk but otherwise meet criteria for mitral valve intervention, consideration can be given for a transcatheter-based approach with edge-to-edge repair if the valve anatomy is favorable and the patient’s life expectancy is at least 1 year (class 2a recommendation). […] The timing of surgery for mitral valve prolapse (MVP) should consider the anatomy of the valve lesion, the likelihood of a successful repair, and the local surgical experience. […] In a study of 443 patients who underwent mitral valve repair for MVP, investigators found that preoperative atrial fibrillation was a predictor of long-term mortality and postoperative left ventricular dysfunction.

• #67 Mitral Valve Prolapse Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155494-treatment

  The investigators suggested that mitral valve repair surgery before the onset of atrial fibrillation may improve postoperative outcomes. […] In a retrospective study of 1218 patients who underwent mitral valve repair for isolated degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR), postoperative MR recurrence was associated with adverse left ventricular remodeling and late death. […] The investigators found a marked decrease in the incidence of MR recurrence following the first year after the intervention. They recommended that patients with complex MVP be informed of the risk of recurrent MR during the first year after degenerative mitral valve repair.

• #68 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Key considerations regarding treatment from the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC) expert consensus decision pathway on the management of mitral regurgitation (MR) include the following: […] Decisions regarding the optimal treatment of chronic MR are based on multiple variables, including MR type, MR severity, hemodynamic consequences, disease stage, patient comorbidities, and the experience of the heart valve team and its members. […] The principal intervention for primary MR is surgery; however, transcatheter mitral valve repair using an edge-to-edge clip plays a very limited role. Whenever feasible, mitral valve repair is strongly preferred over mitral valve replacement for primary MR. […] Surgical treatment for secondary MR should be considered only after appropriate medical and device therapies have been instituted.

• #69 Treatment Options for Heart Valve Disease | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/treatment-options-heart-valve-disease.html

  Dr. Joanna Chikwe, chair of the Department of Cardiac Surgery at Cedars-Sinai, says that while some people might be hesitant to undergo surgery to replace or repair a heart valve, it’s far riskier to let severe heart disease go untreated. […] „If you have a mitral valve that leaks, you want a mitral valve surgeon. If you have an aortic valve that needs replacing, you should consult an aortic valve surgeon.” […] „Surgery is actually the safest option you have,” Dr. Chikwe says. „The things that you’re scared of when you think about heart surgery, like dying or having a stroke, are actually more likely to happen if you do nothing.” […] Due to advances in surgical technology, there are now a range of innovative, minimally invasive procedures to treat heart valve disease, such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), percutaneous mitral valve repair (MitraClip) and robotic mitral valve repair.

• #70 Mitral Valve Treatments | Division of Cardiology

  https://www.columbiacardiology.org/patient-care/columbia-structural-heart-and-valve-center/patient-care/conditions-and-treatments/mitral-valve-treatments

  Mitral valve disease is the most common form of heart disease, but until recently, treatments were limited to medications and open-heart surgery. […] New minimally invasive transcatheter treatments can treat mitral valve disease by accessing the heart through a blood vessel in the leg or neck. […] Treatments for mitral valve disease are rapidly expanding, with new research and technologies driving improvements to existing procedures and exploring new devices and minimally invasive strategies for repair and replacement. […] Medications are first-line therapy to address symptoms and help the heart pump better. […] These minimally invasive procedures can access the heart through the large blood vessels without traditional surgery. […] Transcatheter procedures are good options for patients who are too sick or frail for traditional surgery.

• #71 Mitral Valve Disease Treatments | Types | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/mitral-valve-disease-treatments

  If your mitral valve cant be repaired, it may be replaced with a biological valve (made from cow or pig tissue) or mechanical valve (made of plastic, carbon, or metal). Receiving a mechanical valve will require you to take blood thinners for the rest of your life to reduce the risk of bleeding and stroke. […] Some mitral valve procedures can be performed using minimally invasive techniques. These procedures may be performed through several small incisions in the chest or through a catheter. […] This catheter-based procedure uses a clip to fix a leaky mitral valve. This treatment may be recommended if you are too sick for surgery. […] This catheter-based procedure uses an inflated balloon to reopen the valve and allows blood to flow more easily to the chambers of the heart, lungs, and rest of the body. […] MedStar Health is also one of six centers nationwide studying the feasibility of using the Tendyne Mitral Valve System for the treatment of patients with severe mitral regurgitation.

• #72 Mitral Valve Disease | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/structural-heart/conditions/heart-valve-disease/mitral-valve

  Our team works together to develop your customized treatment plan after confirming a diagnosis. We offer the latest procedures to treat mitral valve disease, including: […] Medication and monitoring: Medications dont cure mitral valve disease, but they can help manage early symptoms. Our team can also help you with lifestyle changes such as healthy eating, exercise and giving up smoking. […] Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) or replacement (TMVR): Doctors thread a catheter through a blood vessel to the heart, for a faster recovery and fewer complications. Since the mitral valve is complex, we use advanced 4D imaging for the best results. We may also create a 3D model of your heart for the most complex cases. Options for repair or replacement may include: […] Minimally invasive repair: We specialize in a procedure that uses a tiny device to fix mitral regurgitation. In addition to this device, were exploring other repairs for mitral regurgitation.

• #73 Transcatheter Heart Valve Therapies for the Mitral Valve | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/treatments/transcatheter-heart-valve-therapies-for-mitral-valve

  Transcatheter procedures allow the procedure to be performed while the patients heart is still beating, eliminating the need for a heart bypass machine and its associated risks. […] The Transcatheter Heart Valve Program at Northwestern Medicine offers two mitral valve transcatheter treatment options: MitraClip and transcatheter mitral valve in valve replacement. […] MitraClip is the only device currently approved by the FDA for transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). […] Transcatheter Mitral Valve in Valve Replacement: A minimally invasive TMVR procedure for patients who have had previous open heart valve surgery to replace the mitral valve with a bioprosthetic/tissue valve and the valve is now failing. […] The MitraClip System is designed to reduce the amount of mitral regurgitation without the need for surgery (less invasive). […] The EVOQUE valve is designed to replace the mitral heart valve without open heart surgery. […] The PASCAL System and the MitraClip System are designed to reduce the amount of mitral regurgitation without the need for surgery (less invasive).

• #74 Mitral Valve Disease Treatments | Types | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/mitral-valve-disease-treatments

  Treatments for mitral valve disease vary based on the type and severity of your disease. We bring together surgeons, interventional cardiologists, and imaging specialists to discuss and analyze each patient to determine the most effective treatment. If you need surgery, we offer minimally invasive techniques to repair damaged valves and have several options for replacement. Our Structural Heart and Valvular Disease Program performs more than 100 complex mitral valve surgical repairs each year. […] Your doctor may recommend repairing or replacing your mitral valve if your condition is severe or causing symptoms that cant be controlled by lifestyle changes or medication. […] Mitral valve repair is often the preferred method because it uses your own tissue and has a lower risk of complications. Valve repair may be able to patch a hole in the valves flaps or reshape the flaps to allow the valve to open and close more effectively.

• #75 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Key considerations regarding treatment from the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC) expert consensus decision pathway on the management of mitral regurgitation (MR) include the following: […] Decisions regarding the optimal treatment of chronic MR are based on multiple variables, including MR type, MR severity, hemodynamic consequences, disease stage, patient comorbidities, and the experience of the heart valve team and its members. […] The principal intervention for primary MR is surgery; however, transcatheter mitral valve repair using an edge-to-edge clip plays a very limited role. Whenever feasible, mitral valve repair is strongly preferred over mitral valve replacement for primary MR. […] Surgical treatment for secondary MR should be considered only after appropriate medical and device therapies have been instituted.

• #76 Mitral Valve Treatments | Division of Cardiology

  https://www.columbiacardiology.org/patient-care/columbia-structural-heart-and-valve-center/patient-care/conditions-and-treatments/mitral-valve-treatments

  The mitral valve can also be repaired or replaced using traditional open surgery with general anesthesia. […] Robotic surgery uses a highly advanced surgical platform (robot) with articulating arms and instruments to perform complex surgeries. […] Columbia is a leading site for robotic heart surgery, a safe, accurate, and minimally invasive alternative to traditional open heart surgery. […] Types of mitral valve surgery include: Mitral Valve Repair – The valves leaflets are reshaped or separated. […] Mitral Valve Replacement – The damaged valve is surgically removed and replaced with a mechanical or biological tissue valve. […] Patients may also take medications after treatment to avoid infections and reduce the risk of vascular complications like stroke. […] Replacement valves can last as long as 30 years, and new valve types are being designed to last even longer. […] If a replacement valve starts to fail, it may be possible to implant another replacement valve within the failing valve (valve-in-valve technique). […] Mitral Valve Disease can have a significant impact on your overall health and quality of life, and getting treated is just part of the plan.

• #77 Mitral valve disease treatment at The Christ Hospital Health Network

  https://www.thechristhospital.com/Pages/Our%20Services/heart/Mitral-Valve-Disease-Treatment.aspx

  At The Christ Hospital Health Network, our mitral valve disease experts offer the newest, most advanced treatments not available at most other hospitals in the region, such as a new surgical loop technique and mitra clip for mitral valve repair. […] At The Christ Hospital, we offer leading edge surgical and minimally invasive mitral valve disease treatments, including a surgical procedure not offered at nearby facilities and minimally invasive procedures that improve recovery time. […] For symptomatic patients diagnosed with moderate-severe or severe mitral regurgitation, surgery is generally recommended to repair or replace the mitral valve. This typically involves open-heart surgery with the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass. […] The Christ Hospital is the only hospital in the region to offer a new surgical loop technique for mitral valve repair, shown to reduce the risk of future heart valve complications.

• #78 Transcatheter Heart Valve Therapies for the Mitral Valve | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/treatments/transcatheter-heart-valve-therapies-for-mitral-valve

  Transcatheter procedures allow the procedure to be performed while the patients heart is still beating, eliminating the need for a heart bypass machine and its associated risks. […] The Transcatheter Heart Valve Program at Northwestern Medicine offers two mitral valve transcatheter treatment options: MitraClip and transcatheter mitral valve in valve replacement. […] MitraClip is the only device currently approved by the FDA for transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). […] Transcatheter Mitral Valve in Valve Replacement: A minimally invasive TMVR procedure for patients who have had previous open heart valve surgery to replace the mitral valve with a bioprosthetic/tissue valve and the valve is now failing. […] The MitraClip System is designed to reduce the amount of mitral regurgitation without the need for surgery (less invasive). […] The EVOQUE valve is designed to replace the mitral heart valve without open heart surgery. […] The PASCAL System and the MitraClip System are designed to reduce the amount of mitral regurgitation without the need for surgery (less invasive).

• #79 Mitral Valve Treatments | Division of Cardiology

  https://www.columbiacardiology.org/patient-care/columbia-structural-heart-and-valve-center/patient-care/conditions-and-treatments/mitral-valve-treatments

  The mitral valve can also be repaired or replaced using traditional open surgery with general anesthesia. […] Robotic surgery uses a highly advanced surgical platform (robot) with articulating arms and instruments to perform complex surgeries. […] Columbia is a leading site for robotic heart surgery, a safe, accurate, and minimally invasive alternative to traditional open heart surgery. […] Types of mitral valve surgery include: Mitral Valve Repair – The valves leaflets are reshaped or separated. […] Mitral Valve Replacement – The damaged valve is surgically removed and replaced with a mechanical or biological tissue valve. […] Patients may also take medications after treatment to avoid infections and reduce the risk of vascular complications like stroke. […] Replacement valves can last as long as 30 years, and new valve types are being designed to last even longer. […] If a replacement valve starts to fail, it may be possible to implant another replacement valve within the failing valve (valve-in-valve technique). […] Mitral Valve Disease can have a significant impact on your overall health and quality of life, and getting treated is just part of the plan.

• #80 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival.

• #81 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival.

• #82 Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/cardiovascular/mitral-valve-disease-dogs

  […] […] Mitral valve disease may or may not progress to the extent that it needs to be medically managed. It is important that if a murmur is identified, it is monitored regularly by your veterinarian, with referral to a cardiologist for echocardiograms and additional recommendations if needed. […] Mitral valve disease is considered a managed disease, with monitoring and treatment done to prevent the dogs condition from advancing to the next stage. Mitral valve disease is not considered curable in dogs at this time. The prognosis varies widely, and some dogs will remain in Stage B1 and their lifespan will not be shortened. Other dogs progress steadily into advanced stages. Once a dog has progressed into Stage C (congestive heart failure), the prognosis is guarded.

• #83 Mitral valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355112

  In mitral valve repair, the surgeon removes and repairs part of the damaged mitral valve to allow the valve to fully close and stop leaking. The surgeon may tighten or reinforce the ring around a valve, called the annulus, by placing an artificial ring called an annuloplasty band. […] During mitral valve replacement, the heart surgeon removes the mitral valve and replaces it with a mechanical valve or a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue. A tissue valve is often called a biological tissue valve. […] If you had mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve, you need blood thinners for life to prevent blood clots. Biological tissue valves break down over time and usually need to be replaced.

• #84 Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Valvular Heart Disease

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/antithrombotic-therapy-in-patients-with-valvular-heart-disease

  Most patients with VHD require surgery to repair or replace the valve and subsequent antithrombotic therapy to prevent clotting. […] After the procedure, it is recommended that patients be started on antithrombotic therapy, such as warfarin or aspirin, to prevent thromboembolism. […] After valve replacement(s), antithrombotic therapy with an antiplatelet and vitamin K antagonist (VKA) is recommended with the dosing, duration, and international normalized ratio (INR) goal varying among bioprosthetic and mechanical replacements and TAVR. […] It is recommended that patients with mechanical valves be on daily low-dose aspirin indefinitely and a VKA, but the INR goal depends on the type of mechanical valve and the presence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factors. […] For patients post-TAVR, daily low-dose aspirin indefinitely and clopidogrel 75 mg daily for the first 3-6 months may be reasonable. […] In patients with atrial fibrillation and mitral stenosis who have undergone a prosthetic valve replacement, anticoagulation with a VKA is indicated.

• #85 Mitral Valve Treatments | Division of Cardiology

  https://www.columbiacardiology.org/patient-care/columbia-structural-heart-and-valve-center/patient-care/conditions-and-treatments/mitral-valve-treatments

  The mitral valve can also be repaired or replaced using traditional open surgery with general anesthesia. […] Robotic surgery uses a highly advanced surgical platform (robot) with articulating arms and instruments to perform complex surgeries. […] Columbia is a leading site for robotic heart surgery, a safe, accurate, and minimally invasive alternative to traditional open heart surgery. […] Types of mitral valve surgery include: Mitral Valve Repair – The valves leaflets are reshaped or separated. […] Mitral Valve Replacement – The damaged valve is surgically removed and replaced with a mechanical or biological tissue valve. […] Patients may also take medications after treatment to avoid infections and reduce the risk of vascular complications like stroke. […] Replacement valves can last as long as 30 years, and new valve types are being designed to last even longer. […] If a replacement valve starts to fail, it may be possible to implant another replacement valve within the failing valve (valve-in-valve technique). […] Mitral Valve Disease can have a significant impact on your overall health and quality of life, and getting treated is just part of the plan.

• #86 Mitral Valve Disease Treatment and Recovery | AdventHealth Orlando

  https://www.adventhealth.com/hospital/adventhealth-orlando/blog/mitral-valve-disease-treatment-and-recovery

  If severe mitral regurgitation is from a floppy mitral flap, tear of the cords, or extreme lengthening of the valve, you may need transcatheter mitral valve repair, surgical repair, or valve replacement. […] An open mitral valve replacement is a surgery to replace a poorly working mitral valve with an artificial valve. This will ensure blood can flow into the left ventricle and then flow out to the body normally, without putting extra stress on your heart. […] Minimally invasive surgery is performed with small incisions and special small tools. A valve replacement surgery performed this way is faster, easier and requires less recovery time. […] Before the surgery, you and your doctor will talk about what kind of valve will work best for you. You may be given a biological valve. This is a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue. Or, you may be given a mechanical valve. This is an artificial valve made from metal and other materials.

• #87 Mitral valve disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355112

  Mitral valve disease treatment depends on the symptoms, the severity of the condition, and whether the condition is worsening. […] A doctor trained in heart disease, called a cardiologist, typically provides care for people with mitral valve disease. Treatment of mitral valve disease might include regular health checkups to see how well you’re doing. If you have mitral valve disease, you might be asked to: Make healthy lifestyle changes. Take medicines to treat symptoms. Take blood thinners to reduce the risk of blood clots if you have an irregular heartbeat called atrial fibrillation. […] A diseased or damaged mitral valve might eventually need to be repaired or replaced, even if you don’t have symptoms. Surgery for mitral valve disease includes mitral valve repair and mitral valve replacement.

• #88 Mitral valve regurgitation: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000176.htm

  Treatment will depend on what symptoms you have, what condition caused the mitral valve regurgitation, how well the heart is working, and if the heart has become enlarged. […] People with high blood pressure or a weakened heart muscle may be given medicines to reduce the strain on the heart and ease symptoms. […] The following medicines may be prescribed when mitral regurgitation symptoms get worse: Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or calcium channel blockers; Blood thinners (anticoagulants) to help prevent blood clots in people with atrial fibrillation; Medicines that help control uneven or abnormal heartbeats; Water pills (diuretics) to remove excess fluid in the lungs. […] A low-sodium diet may be helpful. You may need to limit your activity if symptoms develop. […] Once the diagnosis is made, you should visit your provider regularly to track your symptoms and heart function.

• #89 Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/cardiovascular/mitral-valve-disease-dogs

  Pimobendan is a medication used to improve the strength and function of heart muscle. […] Supportive care: […] For dogs in acute congestive heart failure, hospitalization with supplemental oxygen and injectable medication is often needed to stabilize their condition. […] Once they are stable on oral medication, they can be cared for at home by their families. It is very important that they are closely monitored. […] Dogs will now need plenty of rest and should not overexercise, but if they have the energy, short walks and some playtime are fine. […] The diuretic medications will make them more thirsty. Always give unlimited access to drinking water and extra potty breaks. […] Salty treats and table foods should be avoided. […] There is evidence that supplemental omega-3 fatty acids are helpful for dogs with heart disease. Some prescription diets have this, or your veterinarian can recommend a supplement.

• #90 Mitral Valve Disease Treatment and Recovery | AdventHealth Orlando

  https://www.adventhealth.com/hospital/adventhealth-orlando/blog/mitral-valve-disease-treatment-and-recovery

  Most people who have mitral valve replacement notice immediate symptom relief after their surgery. […] After you go home, take your temperature, monitor your blood pressure and weigh yourself every day. Keep records and call your health care provider with any significant or concerning changes. […] Follow all of the instructions your health care provider gives you for driving, medicines, exercise, diet, and wound care. If you have a mechanical valve, youll likely need to take blood-thinning medicine, and some may require blood tests to check the how the medicine is working.

• #91 Mitral Valve Disease | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/structural-heart/conditions/heart-valve-disease/mitral-valve

  Mitral valve disease can make it hard to breathe and eventually threaten your health. At Henry Ford Health, our innovative treatments can help you feel better and breathe easier. We keep you and your heart safe. […] While doctors have traditionally treated mitral valve disease with surgery, a newer approach can help people who cant have an operation. Doctors use a vein to reach the heart with a thin tube (catheter), as well as a repair device or replacement valve. […] This minimally invasive method avoids cutting open your chest and putting you on a lung-heart bypass machine. Recovery time is also substantially shorter. These minimally invasive therapies are not for everyone, or for every mitral valve disease. At the Center for Structural Heart Disease, we bring together specialists from multiple disciplines to recommend the best therapy for you. We also participate in leading clinical trials for new devices and valves.

• #92 Mitral Valve Disease | Durham, Raleigh, NC | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/heart/mitral-valve-disease

  When appropriate, we combine valve repair or replacement surgeries with transcatheter procedures in our fully equipped hybrid operating room. Having two procedures at once may reduce your risk for complications and help you recover faster. […] When possible, our surgeons opt to repair the mitral valve rather than replace it. As a result, you are less likely to require blood thinners and undergo repeat procedures. Repairing a mitral valve requires expertise and experience that not all surgeons have. […] Our surgeons are ranked among the worlds leaders in mini-thoracotomy procedures, a minimally invasive technique used for valve repair. The use of smaller incisions, rather than mid-chest incision, reduces blood loss, scarring, and the risk of infection while speeding your recovery time. […] After mitral valve surgery, our cardiac prevention and rehabilitation programs provide personalized plans for recovery and long-term management of your heart health, including exercise instruction, nutritional counseling, and more.

• #93 Treatment Options for Heart Valve Disease | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/treatment-options-heart-valve-disease.html

  Dr. Chikwe says that for patients with a heart disease, it’s important to seek out a cardiac surgeon who specializes in their specific heart valve condition. […] You can increase your chances of having a successful heart valve repair to about 100%, depending on which specialist you choose for your operation, says Dr. Chikwe. […] Today, cardiac specialists are able to repair, rather than replace, a faulty mitral valve through minimally invasive surgery. Compared to replacing the valve, mitral valve repair is associated with better outcomes and faster recovery times. […] „Whenever possible, we repair rather than replace the valve,” says Dr. Chikwe. […] Patients who undergo minimally invasive surgery to repair or replace a heart valve are often able to recover in just a few weeks. […] „After heart surgery, you should feel much more able to do all the types of physical activities that you maybe weren’t able to do before,” Dr. Chikwe says.

• #94 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Key considerations regarding treatment from the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC) expert consensus decision pathway on the management of mitral regurgitation (MR) include the following: […] Decisions regarding the optimal treatment of chronic MR are based on multiple variables, including MR type, MR severity, hemodynamic consequences, disease stage, patient comorbidities, and the experience of the heart valve team and its members. […] The principal intervention for primary MR is surgery; however, transcatheter mitral valve repair using an edge-to-edge clip plays a very limited role. Whenever feasible, mitral valve repair is strongly preferred over mitral valve replacement for primary MR. […] Surgical treatment for secondary MR should be considered only after appropriate medical and device therapies have been instituted.

• #95 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Key considerations regarding treatment from the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC) expert consensus decision pathway on the management of mitral regurgitation (MR) include the following: […] Decisions regarding the optimal treatment of chronic MR are based on multiple variables, including MR type, MR severity, hemodynamic consequences, disease stage, patient comorbidities, and the experience of the heart valve team and its members. […] The principal intervention for primary MR is surgery; however, transcatheter mitral valve repair using an edge-to-edge clip plays a very limited role. Whenever feasible, mitral valve repair is strongly preferred over mitral valve replacement for primary MR. […] Surgical treatment for secondary MR should be considered only after appropriate medical and device therapies have been instituted.

• #96 Mitral valve disease–current management and future challenges – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27025438/

  Use of transcatheter techniques, both repair and replacement, is expected to substantially expand. Mitral annular calcification is an increasing problem in elderly people, causing both mitral stenosis and regurgitation which are difficult to treat. There is anecdotal experience with use of transcatheter valves by either a catheter-based approach or as a hybrid technique with open surgery, which is being studied in early feasibility trials.

• #97 Mitral Regurgitation Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155618-treatment

  Common techniques for mitral valve repair for primary MR include nonresection techniques using artificial chords or ipsilateral chordal transfer, triangular resection with annuloplasty ring, and sliding leaflet valvuloplasty with annuloplasty ring. […] Common techniques for mitral valve repair for secondary MR include restrictive remodeling with a rigid annuloplasty ring, and chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. […] A primary determinant of successful repair is the surgeon’s experience. For asymptomatic (stage C1) patients, patients with complex mitral pathoanatomy, and patients who desire a minimally invasive or robotic approach to mitral valve repair, consider referral to an experienced mitral surgeon at a comprehensive valve center. […] Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical or transcatheter mitral intervention is essential for the assessment of durability, functional outcomes, and survival.

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