Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Coronary Heart Disease – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-heart-disease/treatment

  Treatment for coronary heart disease depends on how serious your symptoms are and any other health conditions you have. […] If your healthcare provider diagnoses you with coronary heart disease, treatment may include heart-healthy lifestyle changes, medicines, or procedures to prevent a heart attack or other health problems. […] Your provider will consider your 10-year or lifetime risk calculation and work with you to set up a treatment plan. […] Some medicines can reduce or prevent chest pain and manage health conditions that can worsen coronary heart disease. […] Together, you and your provider can make a treatment plan that is right for you. […] Your provider may also recommend medicines to help manage cholesterol levels in your blood: […] Some medicines can help manage health conditions that are risk factors for coronary heart disease:

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/treatment/

  Treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD) can help manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of further problems. […] CHD can be managed effectively with a combination of lifestyle changes, medicine and, in some cases, surgery. […] With the right treatment, the symptoms of CHD can be reduced and the functioning of the heart improved. […] Many different medicines are used to treat CHD. Usually they either aim to reduce blood pressure, widen your arteries or prevent blood clots. […] Some heart medicines have side effects, so it may take a while to find one that works for you. A GP or specialist will discuss the various options with you. […] Heart medicines should not be stopped suddenly without the advice of a doctor as there’s a risk this may make your symptoms worse. […] Blood thinners are a type of medicine that can help reduce the risk of a heart attack by thinning your blood and preventing it clotting.

• #3

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/

  Coronary heart disease cannot be cured but treatment can help manage the symptoms and reduce the chances of problems such as heart attacks. […] Treatment can include: […] lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and stopping smoking […] medicines […] angioplasty where balloons and stents are used to treat narrow heart arteries […] surgery.

• #4 Coronary artery disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350613

  Treatment for coronary artery disease may include medicines and surgery. Eating a nutritious diet, getting regular exercise and not smoking can help prevent coronary artery disease and the conditions that can cause it. […] Treating coronary artery disease usually means making changes to your lifestyle. This might be eating healthier foods, exercising regularly, losing excess weight, reducing stress or quitting smoking. The good news is these changes can do a lot to improve your outlook. Living a healthier life translates to having healthier arteries. When necessary, treatment could involve drugs like aspirin, cholesterol-modifying medications, beta-blockers, or certain medical procedures like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery.

• #5 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16898-coronary-artery-disease

  Coronary artery disease treatment often includes lifestyle changes, risk factor management and medications. Some people may also need a procedure or surgery. […] Your healthcare provider will talk with you about the best treatment plan for you. Its important to follow your treatment plan so you can lower your risk of serious complications from CAD. […] Lifestyle changes play a big role in treating coronary artery disease. Such changes include: […] Managing your risk factors for CAD can help slow down the progression of your disease. Work with your provider to manage the following conditions: […] Medications can help you manage your risk factors and treat symptoms of coronary artery disease. Your provider may prescribe one or more medications that: […] Some people need a procedure or surgery to manage coronary artery disease, including:

• #6 Coronary Artery Disease – Mankato – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/mankato/services-and-treatments/cardiology/diseases/coronary

  Coronary artery disease develops when the major blood vessels – the coronary arteries – that supply your heart with blood, oxygen and nutrients become damaged or diseased. Cholesterol-containing deposits, or plaque, in your arteries, and inflammation, are usually to blame for this disease. […] Because coronary artery disease often develops over decades, you may not notice a problem until you have a significant blockage or a heart attack. But there’s plenty you can do to prevent and treat coronary artery disease. A healthy lifestyle can make a big impact. […] Treatment for coronary artery disease usually involves lifestyle changes, drugs and certain medical procedures, if necessary. […] Committing to these healthy lifestyle changes can go a long way toward promoting healthier arteries: Quit smoking, Eat healthy foods, Exercise regularly, Lose excess weight, Reduce stress.

• #7 Coronary Artery Disease | Conditions & Treatments | UTSW

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/coronary-artery-disease/

  For people with any degree of coronary artery disease, lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation will help foster a longer, more vigorous life. […] Patients with coronary artery disease that has been caught early and people with one or more elevated risk factor for developing it can often be treated effectively with lifestyle changes and medications. […] For patients with more severe coronary artery disease, interventional cardiologists and cardiac surgeons offer more aggressive therapies. […] For patients with severe coronary artery disease that cannot be successfully managed with less invasive treatments, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG, or heart bypass surgery) might be recommended. […] People who have been treated for or are at risk for serious coronary artery disease can reduce their likelihood of future heart problems with the assistance of UT Southwesterns collaborative cardiac rehabilitation team.

• #8

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/advocate-heart-institute/conditions/ischemic-heart-disease

  Your provider may recommend lifestyle changes such as: Eating a heart-healthy diet, Getting better quality sleep, Increasing activity levels, Losing weight, Lowering stress, Participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program, Quitting smoking, Reducing alcohol intake. […] Depending on your symptoms, you may benefit from minimally invasive or surgical treatments, such as: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), Atherectomy, Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

• #9 Medical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0401/p819.html

  All patients with stable coronary artery disease require medical therapy to prevent disease progression and recurrent cardiovascular events. Three classes of medication are essential to therapy: lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and antiplatelet agents. Lipid-lowering therapy is necessary to decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to a target level of less than 100 mg per dL, and physicians should consider a goal of less than 70 mg per dL for very high-risk patients. Statins have demonstrated clear benefits in morbidity and mortality in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease; other medications that can be used in addition to statins to lower cholesterol include ezetimibe, fibrates, and nicotinic acid. Blood pressure therapy for patients with coronary artery disease should start with beta blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. If these medications are not tolerated, calcium channel blockers or angiotensin receptor blockers are acceptable alternatives. Aspirin is the first-line antiplatelet agent except in patients who have recently had a myocardial infarction or undergone stent placement, in which case clopidogrel is recommended. Anginal symptoms of coronary artery disease can be treated with beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, or any combination of these. Familiarity with these medications and with the evidence supporting their use is essential to reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease.

• #10 Medical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0401/p819.html

  All patients with stable CAD require medical therapy to alleviate symptoms, prevent cardiovascular events, and reduce mortality. […] Statins limit the synthesis of cholesterol and increase the catabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. […] The National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III recommends using statins to achieve LDL levels of less than 100 mg per dL (2.59 mmol per L) in patients with CAD. […] Beta blockers are first-line antihypertensive agents for patients with CAD; if tolerated, beta blockers are also indicated for patients who do not have hypertension. […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be used in patients with CAD following MI, those who have diabetes, or those with left ventricular dysfunction. […] Antiplatelet therapy is an important component of CAD management because platelet aggregation at atherothrombotic plaque sites can produce clinically significant thrombosis and resultant MI. […] The benefit of aspirin in the secondary prevention of CAD is well defined by numerous studies and is reflected in international guidelines.

• #11 Coronary artery disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease

  Statins, which reduce cholesterol, reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. […] Nitroglycerin. […] Calcium channel blockers and/or beta-blockers. […] Antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin. […] It is recommended that blood pressure typically be reduced to less than 140/90 mmHg. […] In those with no previous history of heart disease, aspirin decreases the risk of a myocardial infarction but does not change the overall risk of death. […] Aspirin therapy to prevent heart disease is thus recommended only in adults who are at increased risk for cardiovascular events, which may include postmenopausal females, males above 40, and younger people with risk factors for coronary heart disease, including high blood pressure, a family history of heart disease, or diabetes. […] Clopidogrel plus aspirin (dual anti-platelet therapy) reduces cardiovascular events more than aspirin alone in those with a STEMI.

• #12 Heart Attack Treatment | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/treatment-of-a-heart-attack

  Heart attack treatment involves a variety of medications. […] Some people are treated with two types of antiplatelet agents at the same time to prevent blood clotting. This is called dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). […] The type of medication and length of treatment will vary based on your condition and other risk factors. The risks and benefits of DAPT should be discussed with your health care team.

• #13 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Preventive Strategies, Treatment of Low HDL levels and High Triglyceride levels in Patients With Diabetes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-treatment

  The 2007 ACC/AHA guidelines recommend that after an ACS, all patients should receive dual antiplatelet therapy, ideally for 12 months, followed by lifelong aspirin therapy. […] The latest advice in this controversial area advocates a personalized-medicine approach based on ischemic versus bleeding risks, where each treatment and its duration is individualized as much as possible. […] A number of agents have proven helpful for the treatment of angina. These include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and ranolazine. […] Beta-blockers inhibit sympathetic stimulation of the heart, reducing heart rate and contractility; this can decrease myocardial oxygen demand and thus prevent or relieve angina in patients with CAD. […] Calcium-channel blockers prevent calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle cells and myocytes, which leads to coronary and peripheral vasodilatation, decreased atrioventricular (AV) conduction, and reduced contractility.

• #14 Medical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0401/p819.html

  All patients with stable CAD require medical therapy to alleviate symptoms, prevent cardiovascular events, and reduce mortality. […] Statins limit the synthesis of cholesterol and increase the catabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. […] The National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III recommends using statins to achieve LDL levels of less than 100 mg per dL (2.59 mmol per L) in patients with CAD. […] Beta blockers are first-line antihypertensive agents for patients with CAD; if tolerated, beta blockers are also indicated for patients who do not have hypertension. […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be used in patients with CAD following MI, those who have diabetes, or those with left ventricular dysfunction. […] Antiplatelet therapy is an important component of CAD management because platelet aggregation at atherothrombotic plaque sites can produce clinically significant thrombosis and resultant MI. […] The benefit of aspirin in the secondary prevention of CAD is well defined by numerous studies and is reflected in international guidelines.

• #15 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Preventive Strategies, Treatment of Low HDL levels and High Triglyceride levels in Patients With Diabetes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-treatment

  The goals of therapy should include arresting atherosclerosis or even reversing its progression. […] Substantial evidence supports the use of statins in the secondary prevention of CAD, and the efficacy of statins has recently been extended to include primary prevention of CAD in patients with average cholesterol levels. […] Current guidelines recommend using statin therapy after CABG to keep LDL levels below 100 mg/dL. […] Statin therapy is also safe and can improve liver tests while reducing cardiovascular morbidity in patients with mild- to moderately-abnormal liver test results that may be attributable to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. […] ACE inhibitors are effective blood pressure-reducing agents and affect the heart and vasculature through direct and other mechanisms. […] ACE inhibitors probably affect endothelial function, as well as those of A-II and kinin, to elicit the clinical effects observed in the clinical trials.

• #16 Medications for Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/medications-for-treatment-of-coronary-artery-disease

  Most people are also given an anticoagulant, such as heparin, to help prevent the formation of additional blood clots. […] Ranolazine and ivabradine are alternative therapies for people with angina that does not respond to the usual therapies (for example, nitrates or morphine). […] This class of medication is used for people whose levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which is the „bad” cholesterol, is not at the target level. PCSK-9 inhibitors, such as alirocumab or evolocumab, are used alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering medications (for example, statins or ezetimibe) for the treatment of adults with primary hyperlipidemia, including familial hypercholesterolemia. They can be particularly useful for people who have difficulty tolerating the side effects of other medications that lower cholesterol levels.

• #17 Strategies for chronic coronary disease: A brief guide for clinicians | npj Cardiovascular Health

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s44325-024-00006-w

  The ACC/AHA Guidelines state that CCD patients must quit smoking. […] In CCD management, several pharmacological options are fundamental to improving individual outcomes. […] The 2023 AHA/ACC guidelines state that statin therapy is the primary strategy for lowering lipid levels in individuals with CCD. […] The synergistic effect of statins and ezetimibe contributes to a comprehensive approach in managing lipid profiles for individuals with CCD, ultimately aiming to minimize the risk of cardiovascular events and enhance overall cardiac health. […] According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, renin angiotensin aldosterone (RAAS) inhibitors, such as Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), are indicated in individuals with CCD in the context of hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease or LV ejection fraction 40%.

• #18 Medical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0401/p819.html

  All patients with stable CAD require medical therapy to alleviate symptoms, prevent cardiovascular events, and reduce mortality. […] Statins limit the synthesis of cholesterol and increase the catabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. […] The National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III recommends using statins to achieve LDL levels of less than 100 mg per dL (2.59 mmol per L) in patients with CAD. […] Beta blockers are first-line antihypertensive agents for patients with CAD; if tolerated, beta blockers are also indicated for patients who do not have hypertension. […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be used in patients with CAD following MI, those who have diabetes, or those with left ventricular dysfunction. […] Antiplatelet therapy is an important component of CAD management because platelet aggregation at atherothrombotic plaque sites can produce clinically significant thrombosis and resultant MI. […] The benefit of aspirin in the secondary prevention of CAD is well defined by numerous studies and is reflected in international guidelines.

• #19 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Preventive Strategies, Treatment of Low HDL levels and High Triglyceride levels in Patients With Diabetes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-treatment

  The 2007 ACC/AHA guidelines recommend that after an ACS, all patients should receive dual antiplatelet therapy, ideally for 12 months, followed by lifelong aspirin therapy. […] The latest advice in this controversial area advocates a personalized-medicine approach based on ischemic versus bleeding risks, where each treatment and its duration is individualized as much as possible. […] A number of agents have proven helpful for the treatment of angina. These include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and ranolazine. […] Beta-blockers inhibit sympathetic stimulation of the heart, reducing heart rate and contractility; this can decrease myocardial oxygen demand and thus prevent or relieve angina in patients with CAD. […] Calcium-channel blockers prevent calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle cells and myocytes, which leads to coronary and peripheral vasodilatation, decreased atrioventricular (AV) conduction, and reduced contractility.

• #20 Coronary Artery Disease Treatments: Medications and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/coronary-artery-disease/coronary-artery-disease-treatments

  Beta-blockers may help lower your blood pressure, placing less strain on your heart. […] If you experience chest pain (angina) related to CAD, a doctor may prescribe nitrates. […] Like beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors can help with blood pressure management. […] Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may be another option for hypertension. […] In CAD cases where plaque buildup has blocked your arteries, you may require surgery. […] A doctor may consider the following procedures to ensure blood can flow to your heart. […] A doctor may recommend PCI to help remove plaque and open up your arteries to reduce symptoms of angina. […] You may need CABG, or heart bypass surgery, if you have blocked arteries in your heart. […] Doctors specifically recommend coronary endarterectomy for people with CAD who also have severe angina that doesn’t respond to medications.

• #21 Medical Management of Stable Coronary Artery Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0401/p819.html

  All patients with stable CAD require medical therapy to alleviate symptoms, prevent cardiovascular events, and reduce mortality. […] Statins limit the synthesis of cholesterol and increase the catabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. […] The National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III recommends using statins to achieve LDL levels of less than 100 mg per dL (2.59 mmol per L) in patients with CAD. […] Beta blockers are first-line antihypertensive agents for patients with CAD; if tolerated, beta blockers are also indicated for patients who do not have hypertension. […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be used in patients with CAD following MI, those who have diabetes, or those with left ventricular dysfunction. […] Antiplatelet therapy is an important component of CAD management because platelet aggregation at atherothrombotic plaque sites can produce clinically significant thrombosis and resultant MI. […] The benefit of aspirin in the secondary prevention of CAD is well defined by numerous studies and is reflected in international guidelines.

• #22 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Preventive Strategies, Treatment of Low HDL levels and High Triglyceride levels in Patients With Diabetes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-treatment

  The goals of therapy should include arresting atherosclerosis or even reversing its progression. […] Substantial evidence supports the use of statins in the secondary prevention of CAD, and the efficacy of statins has recently been extended to include primary prevention of CAD in patients with average cholesterol levels. […] Current guidelines recommend using statin therapy after CABG to keep LDL levels below 100 mg/dL. […] Statin therapy is also safe and can improve liver tests while reducing cardiovascular morbidity in patients with mild- to moderately-abnormal liver test results that may be attributable to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. […] ACE inhibitors are effective blood pressure-reducing agents and affect the heart and vasculature through direct and other mechanisms. […] ACE inhibitors probably affect endothelial function, as well as those of A-II and kinin, to elicit the clinical effects observed in the clinical trials.

• #23

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/treatment/

  If you have high cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering medicine called statins may be prescribed. […] Statins work by slowing down the production of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in your liver. […] Nitrates are used to widen your blood vessels. […] ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat high blood pressure. […] Angiotensin-2 receptor blockers (ARBs) work in a similar way to ACE inhibitors. […] Calcium channel blockers also work to decrease blood pressure by relaxing the muscles that make up the walls of your arteries. […] If your blood vessels are narrow as the result of a build-up of atheroma (fatty deposits) or if your symptoms cannot be controlled using medicines, interventional procedures or surgery may be needed to open up or bypass blocked arteries. […] Coronary angioplasty is also known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or balloon angioplasty.

• #24

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/coronary-heart-disease-chd/treatment/

  Treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD) aims to manage the symptoms and improve heart function. […] Treatment can include: lifestyle changes, medicines, surgery – for more severe CHD. […] Many medicines are used to treat CHD. Usually, they either reduce your blood pressure or widen your arteries. […] Antiplatelets are a type of medicine that can help reduce the risk of a heart attack. […] Medicine called statins may be prescribed to lower your cholesterol if you have high cholesterol. […] Beta blockers are often used to prevent angina and treat high blood pressure. […] Nitrates are used to temporarily widen your blood vessels. […] ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat high blood pressure. […] Angiotensin II receptor antagonists work in a similar way to ACE inhibitors.

• #25 Coronary artery disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350619

  Calcium channel blockers. One of these medicines may be suggested if you can’t take beta blockers or beta blockers don’t work for you. Calcium channel blockers can help reduce chest pain. […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs). These medicines lower blood pressure. They may help keep coronary artery disease from getting worse. […] Nitroglycerin. This medicine widens the heart arteries. It can help control or reduce chest pain. Nitroglycerin is available as a pill, spray or patch. […] Ranolazine. This medicine may help people with long-term chest pain. It may be prescribed with or instead of a beta blocker. […] Surgery may be done to fix a blocked artery and improve blood flow. Surgeries or procedures for coronary artery disease may include:

• #26 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Preventive Strategies, Treatment of Low HDL levels and High Triglyceride levels in Patients With Diabetes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-treatment

  The 2007 ACC/AHA guidelines recommend that after an ACS, all patients should receive dual antiplatelet therapy, ideally for 12 months, followed by lifelong aspirin therapy. […] The latest advice in this controversial area advocates a personalized-medicine approach based on ischemic versus bleeding risks, where each treatment and its duration is individualized as much as possible. […] A number of agents have proven helpful for the treatment of angina. These include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and ranolazine. […] Beta-blockers inhibit sympathetic stimulation of the heart, reducing heart rate and contractility; this can decrease myocardial oxygen demand and thus prevent or relieve angina in patients with CAD. […] Calcium-channel blockers prevent calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle cells and myocytes, which leads to coronary and peripheral vasodilatation, decreased atrioventricular (AV) conduction, and reduced contractility.

• #27 Coronary artery disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350619

  Calcium channel blockers. One of these medicines may be suggested if you can’t take beta blockers or beta blockers don’t work for you. Calcium channel blockers can help reduce chest pain. […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs). These medicines lower blood pressure. They may help keep coronary artery disease from getting worse. […] Nitroglycerin. This medicine widens the heart arteries. It can help control or reduce chest pain. Nitroglycerin is available as a pill, spray or patch. […] Ranolazine. This medicine may help people with long-term chest pain. It may be prescribed with or instead of a beta blocker. […] Surgery may be done to fix a blocked artery and improve blood flow. Surgeries or procedures for coronary artery disease may include:

• #28 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Preventive Strategies, Treatment of Low HDL levels and High Triglyceride levels in Patients With Diabetes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-treatment

  Nitrates are effective in the treatment of acute anginal symptoms. […] Ranolazine is a novel antianginal agent believed to relieve ischemia by reducing myocardial cellular sodium and calcium overload via inhibition of the late sodium current of the cardiac action potential. […] Hormone therapy has been found to be more risky than beneficial as a means of protecting postmenopausal women against CAD. […] Although inflammation is considered to be a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, antibiotic therapy does not appear to have a significant role in secondary prevention of this disorder. […] Revascularization therapies for symptomatic or ischemia-producing atherosclerotic lesions include percutaneous approaches and open heart surgery. […] Patients presenting with stable angina or ischemia after physiologic testing and who have undergone revascularization therapy, either in the form of PCI or CABG, benefit from adjuvant pharmacologic therapy and aggressive risk reduction.

• #29 Coronary artery disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350619

  Calcium channel blockers. One of these medicines may be suggested if you can’t take beta blockers or beta blockers don’t work for you. Calcium channel blockers can help reduce chest pain. […] Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARBs). These medicines lower blood pressure. They may help keep coronary artery disease from getting worse. […] Nitroglycerin. This medicine widens the heart arteries. It can help control or reduce chest pain. Nitroglycerin is available as a pill, spray or patch. […] Ranolazine. This medicine may help people with long-term chest pain. It may be prescribed with or instead of a beta blocker. […] Surgery may be done to fix a blocked artery and improve blood flow. Surgeries or procedures for coronary artery disease may include:

• #30 Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Preventive Strategies, Treatment of Low HDL levels and High Triglyceride levels in Patients With Diabetes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/153647-treatment

  Nitrates are effective in the treatment of acute anginal symptoms. […] Ranolazine is a novel antianginal agent believed to relieve ischemia by reducing myocardial cellular sodium and calcium overload via inhibition of the late sodium current of the cardiac action potential. […] Hormone therapy has been found to be more risky than beneficial as a means of protecting postmenopausal women against CAD. […] Although inflammation is considered to be a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, antibiotic therapy does not appear to have a significant role in secondary prevention of this disorder. […] Revascularization therapies for symptomatic or ischemia-producing atherosclerotic lesions include percutaneous approaches and open heart surgery. […] Patients presenting with stable angina or ischemia after physiologic testing and who have undergone revascularization therapy, either in the form of PCI or CABG, benefit from adjuvant pharmacologic therapy and aggressive risk reduction.

• #31 The Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9835700/

  The use of CABG and PCI can also contribute towards symptom relief and, potentially, to an improvement in prognosis in patients with clinically relevant CAD. However, given their potential for harm, some evidence of benefit should first be demonstrated. […] The guidelines recommend that PCI be individualized for patients with chronic CAD to take into account clinical condition, stenosis severities, and the various methods used to confirm ischemia. […] The guidelines recommend the use of CABG as primary therapy of anatomically complex CAD; it is considered virtually equivalent to PCI in patients with less anatomical complexity. In acute coronary syndrome, bypass surgery is a treatment option when primary PCI cannot be performed or complications occur. […] A more recent study showed a survival benefit for CABG over guideline-directed medical therapy in patients with ventricular dysfunction. Overall, patients lived on average 1.5 years longer over ten years after CABG than with medication alone.

• #32 Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0315/p376.html

  High-intensity statin therapy is recommended for all patients younger than 75 years with stable CAD, unless contraindicated. Daily low-dose aspirin is recommended for all patients with stable CAD, unless contraindicated. Beta blockers should be continued for up to three years after myocardial infarction in patients with abnormal left ventricular function. Select patients with uncontrolled symptoms of stable CAD despite optimal medical management may benefit from coronary revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting. […] Select patients with stable CAD may benefit from coronary revascularization with PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). These procedures may be considered if an adequate trial of medical therapy fails to manage anginal symptoms. Shared decision making between the patient and physician should take into account the symptom burden, lifestyle limitations, and personal preferences, as well as risks and benefits.

• #33 Coronary artery disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350619

  Coronary angioplasty and stent placement. This treatment opens clogged blood vessels in the heart. A tiny balloon on a thin tube, called a catheter, is used to widen a clogged artery and improve blood flow. […] Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This is a type of open-heart surgery. During CABG, a surgeon takes a vein or artery from somewhere else in the body. The surgeon uses the blood vessel to create a new path for blood to go around a blocked or narrowed heart artery. The surgery increases blood flow to the heart. […] If you’ve had coronary artery bypass surgery, your healthcare professional may suggest cardiac rehabilitation. This is a program of education, counseling and exercise training that’s designed to help improve your health after heart surgery.

• #34 Coronary Heart Disease – Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/coronary-heart-disease/treatment

  You may need a procedure or heart surgery to treat serious coronary heart disease and lower your risk of complications: […] Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), also called coronary angioplasty, opens coronary arteries that are narrowed or blocked by the buildup of plaque. […] Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improves blood flow to the heart by using healthy arteries from the chest wall and veins from the legs to bypass the blocked arteries. […] Bariatric (weight loss) surgery can help lower the risk of coronary heart disease and other problems that affect the blood vessels of people with obesity, especially for people who also have diabetes.

• #35 Coronary Artery Disease Treatments: Medications and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/coronary-artery-disease/coronary-artery-disease-treatments

  Beta-blockers may help lower your blood pressure, placing less strain on your heart. […] If you experience chest pain (angina) related to CAD, a doctor may prescribe nitrates. […] Like beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors can help with blood pressure management. […] Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may be another option for hypertension. […] In CAD cases where plaque buildup has blocked your arteries, you may require surgery. […] A doctor may consider the following procedures to ensure blood can flow to your heart. […] A doctor may recommend PCI to help remove plaque and open up your arteries to reduce symptoms of angina. […] You may need CABG, or heart bypass surgery, if you have blocked arteries in your heart. […] Doctors specifically recommend coronary endarterectomy for people with CAD who also have severe angina that doesn’t respond to medications.

• #36 Treatments for coronary heart and circulatory disease – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/treatments-for-coronary-heart-disease

  It’s important to make positive lifestyle changes to slow down further plaque build-up. […] Stents can last your whole lifetime and you may not need any further treatment to the narrowed artery. […] Recovery time following a stent is usually very short. For a planned procedure, you normally go home the same day. Full recovery depends on the success of the procedure and your pre-operative fitness.

• #37 Coronary Artery Disease – Treatment Options | Medtronic

  https://www.medtronic.com/uk-en/patients/treatments-therapies/heart-surgery-cad/treatment-options.html

  For some patients, minimally invasive coronary artery surgery is an alternative to the CABG surgery. Three minimally invasive treatments for coronary artery disease (CAD) are coronary balloon angioplasty, stenting, and minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) CABG. […] Stenting uses a device called a stent to restore blood flow in the coronary artery. A stent is a tiny, expandable, mesh-like tube made of a metal such as stainless steel or cobalt alloy. Like in an angioplasty procedure, a stent mounted onto a tiny balloon is opened inside of an artery to push back plaque and to restore blood flow. […] In some cases, stents and balloons are used together in a procedure called stent and balloon therapy.

• #38 Coronary artery disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350619

  Coronary angioplasty and stent placement. This treatment opens clogged blood vessels in the heart. A tiny balloon on a thin tube, called a catheter, is used to widen a clogged artery and improve blood flow. […] Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This is a type of open-heart surgery. During CABG, a surgeon takes a vein or artery from somewhere else in the body. The surgeon uses the blood vessel to create a new path for blood to go around a blocked or narrowed heart artery. The surgery increases blood flow to the heart. […] If you’ve had coronary artery bypass surgery, your healthcare professional may suggest cardiac rehabilitation. This is a program of education, counseling and exercise training that’s designed to help improve your health after heart surgery.

• #39

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronary-heart-disease/treatment/

  Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is also known as bypass surgery, a heart bypass, or coronary artery bypass surgery. […] Occasionally, when the heart is severely damaged and medicine is not effective, or when the heart becomes unable to adequately pump blood around the body (heart failure), a heart transplant may be needed.

• #40 The Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9835700/

  The use of CABG and PCI can also contribute towards symptom relief and, potentially, to an improvement in prognosis in patients with clinically relevant CAD. However, given their potential for harm, some evidence of benefit should first be demonstrated. […] The guidelines recommend that PCI be individualized for patients with chronic CAD to take into account clinical condition, stenosis severities, and the various methods used to confirm ischemia. […] The guidelines recommend the use of CABG as primary therapy of anatomically complex CAD; it is considered virtually equivalent to PCI in patients with less anatomical complexity. In acute coronary syndrome, bypass surgery is a treatment option when primary PCI cannot be performed or complications occur. […] A more recent study showed a survival benefit for CABG over guideline-directed medical therapy in patients with ventricular dysfunction. Overall, patients lived on average 1.5 years longer over ten years after CABG than with medication alone.

• #41 Coronary artery disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease

  Revascularization for acute coronary syndrome has a mortality benefit. […] Percutaneous revascularization for stable ischaemic heart disease does not appear to have benefits over medical therapy alone. […] In those with disease in more than one artery, coronary artery bypass grafts appear better than percutaneous coronary interventions. […] Newer „anaortic” or no-touch off-pump coronary artery revascularization techniques have shown reduced postoperative stroke rates comparable to percutaneous coronary intervention. […] Hybrid coronary revascularization has also been shown to be a safe and feasible procedure that may offer some advantages over conventional CABG though it is more expensive.

• #42 Coronary artery disease – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350619

  Coronary angioplasty and stent placement. This treatment opens clogged blood vessels in the heart. A tiny balloon on a thin tube, called a catheter, is used to widen a clogged artery and improve blood flow. […] Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This is a type of open-heart surgery. During CABG, a surgeon takes a vein or artery from somewhere else in the body. The surgeon uses the blood vessel to create a new path for blood to go around a blocked or narrowed heart artery. The surgery increases blood flow to the heart. […] If you’ve had coronary artery bypass surgery, your healthcare professional may suggest cardiac rehabilitation. This is a program of education, counseling and exercise training that’s designed to help improve your health after heart surgery.

• #43 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16898-coronary-artery-disease

  Complications or side effects of coronary artery disease treatments may include: […] After PCI (angioplasty), you can usually get back to normal activities within a week. After CABG (bypass surgery), youll be in the hospital for more than a week. After that, itll take six to 12 weeks for a full recovery.

• #44 Coronary artery disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease

  Revascularization for acute coronary syndrome has a mortality benefit. […] Percutaneous revascularization for stable ischaemic heart disease does not appear to have benefits over medical therapy alone. […] In those with disease in more than one artery, coronary artery bypass grafts appear better than percutaneous coronary interventions. […] Newer „anaortic” or no-touch off-pump coronary artery revascularization techniques have shown reduced postoperative stroke rates comparable to percutaneous coronary intervention. […] Hybrid coronary revascularization has also been shown to be a safe and feasible procedure that may offer some advantages over conventional CABG though it is more expensive.

• #45 Coronary Artery Disease | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/coronary-artery-disease.html

  We provide routine to complex care for all types of coronary artery disease (CAD). […] Our team offers tests and treatments not widely available, with a comprehensive and innovative approach few programs can match. […] We primarily treat coronary artery disease through the Stanford Interventional Cardiology Program and the Stanford Preventive Cardiology Program. […] Our expertise and specialized tests help us make the right treatment recommendation for your needs. Each week our interventional cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, imaging cardiologists, and preventive cardiologists meet to review complex cases and arrive at treatment options as a team. Sometimes you need lifestyle changes or medication, and sometimes you need a specialized procedure or surgery. […] We treat narrowed or blocked vessels with lifestyle changes, medications, percutaneous coronary intervention, and/or surgery. Hybrid coronary revascularization is another option we offer for people with obstructive coronary artery disease.

• #46 About Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Heart Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/coronary-artery-disease.html

  Cardiac rehabilitation is an important program for anyone recovering from a heart attack, heart failure, or other heart problem that required surgery or medical care. In these people, cardiac rehab can help improve quality of life and can help prevent another cardiac event. Cardiac rehabilitation is a supervised program that includes […] […] If you have CAD, your health care team may suggest the following steps to help lower your risk for heart attack or worsening heart disease: […] Surgical procedures to help restore blood flow to the heart.

• #47 What Is Coronary Artery Disease? Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/coronary-artery-disease

  During this surgery, doctors use blood vessels from other parts of your body to make a detour around blockages in your coronary arteries. It’s a major operation, and you’ll probably need to be in the hospital for at least 5 days. […] If you’ve had a heart attack or cardiac surgery, your doctor will likely recommend that you complete a cardiac rehab program to help you recover. Cardiac rehab will start while you’re in the hospital, then you can attend outpatient appointments once you go home. Most insurance companies will cover 12 weeks of cardiac rehab. Typically, these programs include the following: […] These time-tested methods sound familiar for a reason — they work!

• #48 Treatment

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/coronary-artery-disease/treatment

  There are a number of treatment options for coronary artery disease, including lifestyle changes, medications, surgery or medical procedures. […] Your treatment will depend on the following: […] Medications may be recommended to treat high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar. […] Sometimes, medications for chest pain that comes on with activity are recommended. […] Aspirin or other blood thinners may also be recommended. […] Procedures or surgeries may be recommended if you have a severely narrowed coronary artery to reduce the risk of a heart attack. […] There are two main ways to improve blood flow to the heart: […] Cardiac rehabilitation (rehab) is a 12-week program that includes a mix of supervised exercise, nutrition counseling, stress management and help to quit smoking. […] Cardiac rehab is good for patients with angina (chest pain) or heart failure, or who have had a heart attack, coronary procedure, heart valve surgery or heart transplant.

• #49 Non-Invasive Treatment for Heart Disease | SSM Health

  https://www.ssmhealth.com/services/heart-vascular/treatments-procedures/non-surgical-treatments

  SSM Health Heart Vascular Care features a variety of proven non-surgical treatments for heart disease. […] Many heart conditions can be treated successfully using medication, including atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and high blood pressure. […] If youre in need of emergency angioplasty, we operate multiple 24-hour cardiac catheterization labs across the region. Through angioplasty, our cardiologists are able to treat patients with blocked or clogged coronary arteries quickly without surgery. […] Vascular stenting is often performed at the same time as angioplasty. This procedure involves placing a small, wire mesh tube called a stent into your newly opened artery. […] Cardiac rehabilitation is a key component to recovery for patients who have had heart problems. […] Cardiac rehabilitation provides a solid foundation for better heart health. By taking steps to improve your health now, you can reverse the progression of heart disease and reduce the risk of future heart problems.

• #50 Coronary Artery Disease | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/coronary-artery-disease.html

  We are one of the few centers in the United States specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of non-obstructive coronary artery disease. […] We bring a personalized approach to the management of SCAD and have ongoing research to better understand this disease. […] Our specialists at the Womens Heart Health Clinic have advanced training in understanding the different ways CAD affects women. […] We also have specialized expertise in diagnosing and treating spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), which affects many more women than men. […] At Stanford, we have the tools, technology, and knowledge to find these conditions and provide women with an accurate diagnosis so you can start getting the proper treatment right away. […] If you are on any medications for CAD and are pregnant, are planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, our cardiologists work with the doctors at Stanfords Gynecology Clinic to ensure that the drugs you are using are safe for you and your baby.

• #51 Coronary heart disease – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/table-of-contents/cardiovascular-medicine/coronary-heart-disease

  Chronic coronary syndrome: Overview of care […] New therapies for angina pectoris […] Therapeutic angiogenesis for management of refractory angina […] Transmyocardial laser revascularization for management of refractory angina […] Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction […] Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Prevention and management of vein graft stenosis […] Coronary artery revascularization in stable patients with diabetes mellitus […] Management of coronary heart disease in women […] Treatment and prognosis of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction […] Revascularization in patients with stable coronary artery disease: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention

• #52 Coronary Artery Disease | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/coronary-artery-disease.html

  We are one of the few centers in the United States specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of non-obstructive coronary artery disease. […] We bring a personalized approach to the management of SCAD and have ongoing research to better understand this disease. […] Our specialists at the Womens Heart Health Clinic have advanced training in understanding the different ways CAD affects women. […] We also have specialized expertise in diagnosing and treating spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), which affects many more women than men. […] At Stanford, we have the tools, technology, and knowledge to find these conditions and provide women with an accurate diagnosis so you can start getting the proper treatment right away. […] If you are on any medications for CAD and are pregnant, are planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, our cardiologists work with the doctors at Stanfords Gynecology Clinic to ensure that the drugs you are using are safe for you and your baby.

• #53

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease/types

  You may need an open-heart surgery called coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). During CABG, your physician uses a blood vessel from another part of your body to reroute blood flow around the blocked artery. […] Most people with nonobstructive coronary artery disease need medications to manage symptoms. You may also benefit from lifestyle changes, such as increasing your physical activity or eating a healthier diet. […] You may need surgery if you have nonobstructive coronary artery disease due to heart muscle compression (myocardial bridging). Heart surgeons use a procedure called unroofing to gently move the section of the heart muscle that’s compressing your artery. […] Spontaneous coronary artery dissection treatment focuses on restoring blood flow to your heart. The type of treatment you need depends on the location and size of the artery tear. Sometimes, SCAD heals on its own. Some people may take medications to relieve symptoms while they are healing.

• #54 Coronary Artery Disease | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/coronary-artery-disease.html

  We are one of the few centers in the United States specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of non-obstructive coronary artery disease. […] We bring a personalized approach to the management of SCAD and have ongoing research to better understand this disease. […] Our specialists at the Womens Heart Health Clinic have advanced training in understanding the different ways CAD affects women. […] We also have specialized expertise in diagnosing and treating spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), which affects many more women than men. […] At Stanford, we have the tools, technology, and knowledge to find these conditions and provide women with an accurate diagnosis so you can start getting the proper treatment right away. […] If you are on any medications for CAD and are pregnant, are planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding, our cardiologists work with the doctors at Stanfords Gynecology Clinic to ensure that the drugs you are using are safe for you and your baby.

• #55

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/coronary-artery-disease/types

  You may need an open-heart surgery called coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). During CABG, your physician uses a blood vessel from another part of your body to reroute blood flow around the blocked artery. […] Most people with nonobstructive coronary artery disease need medications to manage symptoms. You may also benefit from lifestyle changes, such as increasing your physical activity or eating a healthier diet. […] You may need surgery if you have nonobstructive coronary artery disease due to heart muscle compression (myocardial bridging). Heart surgeons use a procedure called unroofing to gently move the section of the heart muscle that’s compressing your artery. […] Spontaneous coronary artery dissection treatment focuses on restoring blood flow to your heart. The type of treatment you need depends on the location and size of the artery tear. Sometimes, SCAD heals on its own. Some people may take medications to relieve symptoms while they are healing.

• #56 Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/16844

  Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease […] Heart failure is a leading cause of death in patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction. […] Research efforts have focused on developing strategies to improve the functional status of myocardial injury areas. Consequently, the restoration of cardiac function using cell therapy is an exciting prospect. This review describes the characteristics of various cell types relevant to cellular cardiomyoplasty and presents findings from experimental and clinical studies investigating cell therapy for coronary heart disease. Cell delivery methods, optimal dosage and potential treatment mechanisms are discussed. […] The primary treatments for CHD include pharmacotherapy and surgical revascularization of the myocardium. […] Cell therapy methods show great potential for restoring myocardial function, providing patients with an additional restorative treatment option in conjunction with currently used surgical and pharmacological methods.

• #57 Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/16844

  To date, there are over 100 clinical trials of cell therapy for acute MI and over 90 for chronic ischemic cardiomyopathies. […] This article reviews research on the use of various cell types in the treatment of CHD to examine the challenges of experimental and clinical trials and to assess the potential for advancing cell therapy for myocardial repair. […] Skeletal muscle myoblasts have been the first cell type to be investigated in preclinical and clinical studies of cell therapy for CHD. […] However, early uncontrolled clinical studies have reported that transplanted skeletal myoblasts engraft into the heart and result in better cardiac performance in patients. […] One common type of stem cell utilized in cell therapy is HSCs, which comprise no more than 0.1% of unfractionated mononuclear cells found in bone marrow. […] Several clinical studies on the use of HSCs in the treatment of patients with CHD (mainly ischemic cardiomyopathy) have shown that HSC transplantation is completely safe and does not cause any complications, but no significant improvement in cardiac function was observed.

• #58 Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/16844

  EPCs hold promise for the treatment of CAD due to their potential to directly contribute to blood vessel formation in recipient tissues and to stimulate angiogenesis through paracrine signaling. […] The PERFECT clinical trial reported a reduction in scar size following MI and an improvement in segmental myocardial perfusion due to intramyocardial transplantation of autologous EPCs during coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with acute MI. […] MSCs offer a promising source of cell cultures for treating CHD. […] The PROMETHEUS clinical trial demonstrated a reduction in the area of cardiosclerosis and improved cardiac contractile function in patients who underwent intramyocardial transplantation of autologous MSCs. […] The CONCERT-HF clinical trial demonstrated improvements in functional and structural characteristics of the left ventricle in patients with heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy following co-transplantation of autologous MSCs and c-Kit+ cardiac cells.

• #59 Complex Coronary Disease

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/comprehensive-complex-coronary-disease

  For complex blockages or failed stents we have advanced therapy options: Radiation treatment known as brachytherapy, Blockage removal known as atherectomy, Laser and lithotripsy treatment of failed stents and heavily calcified arteries, Stent modification and optimization techniques. […] Our surgical complex coronary intervention team performs advanced procedures tailored to each patient. We perform multi-arterial grafting with both radial artery and bilateral internal mammary artery options. […] For failed stents we perform an innovative technique known as coronary endarterectomy. The procedure involves removing old stents to re-open the blockage in the coronary artery, which would not be possible without this rare expertise. […] Our center offers all advanced therapies with expert critical care resources that allow bypass surgery to be offered to high-risk candidates who are turned down at other hospitals.

• #60 Coronary Artery Disease Treatment Program | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/coronary-artery-disease

  Medical intervention includes coronary artery disease prevention, including lifestyle changes like diet and exercise, and medications to control symptoms, including statins, beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors. […] Innovative procedures include minimally invasive techniques, such as coronary angioplasty, key-hole surgery, and robotic surgery, as well as high-risk coronary artery interventions, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), chronic total occlusion PCI (CTO PCI), off-pump (beating heart) bypass procedures, beating heart surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), coronary endarterectomy, brachytherapy, contrast sparing options, and radiation sparing options. […] CTO PCI is a procedure performed by experienced cardiac interventionalists with specialized training in advanced methods to treat CTO blockages.

• #61 Coronary Artery Disease | Conditions & Treatments | UTSW

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/coronary-artery-disease/

  UT Southwestern Medical Centers heart team brings the latest scientific insights and most advanced therapies to the care of people with or at risk for coronary artery disease. Our team of experts works closely with patients and their families to choose the most appropriate treatment to prolong and improve quality of life. […] For patients who have more advanced disease requiring more aggressive treatment, our Interventional Cardiology team provides expertise in evaluating and clearing clogged arteries with catheter-based techniques such as: […] When severe coronary artery disease affects multiple blood vessels, open-heart bypass surgery, known as coronary artery bypass graft, or CABG, might be the most appropriate treatment. […] Whatever a patients degree of coronary artery disease or risk for developing it, our multidisciplinary team of cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons will discuss options and tailor a treatment plan to the patients condition, goals, and lifestyle.

• #62 Strategies for chronic coronary disease: A brief guide for clinicians | npj Cardiovascular Health

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s44325-024-00006-w

  Revascularization procedures, encompassing both PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), represent important therapeutic strategies in the management of CCD because they can significantly reduce symptoms, prevent cardiac events, and possibly improve mortality in select patients. […] The ACC/AHA guidelines recommend pursuing revascularization to improve symptoms in patients with CCD and lifestyle-limiting angina despite guideline-directed medical therapy and with significant CAD that is amenable to revascularization.

• #63 Diagnosed With Coronary Artery Disease? Here’s What You Need To Know | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/blog/2022/02/diagnosed-with-coronary-artery-disease

  If you have a higher number of blockages that are difficult to access through angioplasty, your doctor may recommend coronary artery bypass surgery. […] After treatment, you’ll see a significant improvement in coronary artery disease symptoms. […] Take all prescribed medications: Continue taking statins or other medications to reduce the risk for future blockages. […] Complete cardiac rehabilitation: If you have an angioplasty or bypass surgery, your cardiac rehabilitation will begin in the hospital. […] Schedule regular doctor visits: You should have ongoing care from a primary care physician and cardiologist. […] Adopt a healthy lifestyle: Make changes in your lifestyle to improve your heart health.

• #64

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