Brodawki narządów płciowych
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Brodawki płciowe (condyloma acuminatum, CA) są łagodnymi zmianami wywołanymi przez zakażenie HPV, głównie typami niskiego ryzyka (np. HPV 6 i 11), które nie zwiększają ryzyka nowotworów złośliwych. Zakażenie jest przewlekłe i trwa całe życie, a leczenie usuwa jedynie widoczne zmiany, nie eliminując wirusa. Wskaźniki nawrotów po leczeniu wahają się od 25% do 67%, a po chirurgicznym usunięciu wskaźniki wyleczenia wynoszą 89-93%, z nawrotami w 19-29% przypadków po 12 miesiącach. Spontaniczne ustąpienie brodawek obserwuje się u około 33% pacjentów, zwykle w ciągu 2 lat, jednak wirus może pozostać latentny i powodować nawroty. Czynniki ryzyka nawrotu obejmują: dodatni status HPV u partnerów seksualnych (OR=4,848), liczbę brodawek (OR=1,212), współistniejące choroby układu moczowo-płciowego (OR=3,179) oraz nieprawidłowe stosowanie prezerwatyw (OR=0,166 – prawidłowe stosowanie zmniejsza ryzyko). Model predykcyjny nawrotu brodawek (AUC=0,867; 95% CI 0,812-0,923) wykorzystuje te czynniki do oceny ryzyka nawrotu (F ≥ 0 wskazuje na ryzyko nawrotu). Pacjenci z obniżoną odpornością mają zwiększone ryzyko opornych zmian, częstszych nawrotów oraz transformacji złośliwej, co wymaga intensywniejszego i skojarzonego leczenia, w tym wczesnego zastosowania izotretynoiny i metod chirurgicznych.

Rokowanie u pacjentów z brodawkami płciowymi

Brodawki płciowe (condyloma acuminatum, CA) są łagodnymi zmianami spowodowanymi przez zakażenie wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV), które mogą powodować dyskomfort i znaczny stres psychiczny u pacjentów. Szczepy HPV wywołujące brodawki płciowe są zazwyczaj typami niskiego ryzyka i nie zwiększają ryzyka rozwoju nowotworów złośliwych.12

Ogólna charakterystyka rokowania

Rokowanie w przypadku brodawek płciowych charakteryzuje się kilkoma istotnymi cechami:

  • Zakażenie HPV jest przewlekłe i trwa przez całe życie
  • Nawet po leczeniu i usunięciu widocznych brodawek, wirus pozostaje w organizmie
  • Brodawki płciowe mogą nawracać mimo zastosowanego leczenia
  • Wskaźniki nawrotów po leczeniu wynoszą od 25% do 67%3
  • W przypadku chirurgicznego usunięcia, wskaźniki wyleczenia wynoszą 89-93%, a wskaźniki nawrotów po 12 miesiącach 19-29%4

Istotnym elementem rokowania jest fakt, że leczenie nie eliminuje wirusa HPV, lecz jedynie usuwa widoczne zmiany. Pacjenci powinni być świadomi, że mimo skutecznego leczenia, nadal mogą zakazić partnerów seksualnych.56

Samoistne ustępowanie brodawek

Przebieg naturalny brodawek płciowych może obejmować spontaniczne ustąpienie zmian:

  • Około jedna trzecia przypadków ustępuje samoistnie7
  • U niektórych osób brodawki mogą zniknąć samoczynnie w ciągu 2 lat8
  • Układ odpornościowy może zwalczyć infekcję powodującą brodawki9

Jednak należy pamiętać, że nawet po samoistnym ustąpieniu widocznych zmian, wirus HPV może pozostać w organizmie, a brodawki mogą pojawić się ponownie w przyszłości.10

Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie

Czynniki ryzyka nawrotu brodawek płciowych

Badania wykazały szereg czynników wpływających na ryzyko nawrotu brodawek płciowych. Na podstawie analizy jednoczynnikowej zidentyfikowano następujące czynniki ryzyka nawrotu CA:1112

  • Późne kładzenie się spać (zaburzenia rytmu dobowego)
  • Status zakażenia HPV u partnerów seksualnych
  • Choroby układu moczowo-płciowego
  • Nieprawidłowe stosowanie prezerwatyw
  • Inne choroby związane z zakażeniem HPV
  • Liczba brodawek

Analiza wieloczynnikowa wykazała cztery niezależne czynniki wpływające na nawrót CA:1314

  • Stosowanie prezerwatyw (OR=0,166) – prawidłowe stosowanie może zapobiegać nawrotom
  • Status zakażenia HPV u partnerów seksualnych (OR=4,848) – dodatni wynik zwiększa ryzyko nawrotu
  • Liczba brodawek (OR=1,212) – większa liczba zmian zwiększa ryzyko nawrotu
  • Choroby układu moczowo-płciowego (OR=3,179) – współistniejące infekcje zwiększają ryzyko nawrotu

Model predykcyjny nawrotu brodawek płciowych

Na podstawie zidentyfikowanych czynników ryzyka opracowano model predykcyjny nawrotu brodawek płciowych. Model ten charakteryzuje się dobrą wartością predykcyjną (AUC = 0,867; 95% CI 0,812-0,923) i może być stosowany do wstępnego przewidywania nawrotu CA.1516

Równanie dyskryminacyjne modelu ma postać:
F = -1,201 + 1,579*zakażenie HPV u partnerów seksualnych + 0,192*liczba brodawek + (-1,794*stosowanie prezerwatyw) + 1,156*zakażenie układu moczowo-płciowego + 0,437

Jeśli wartość F ≥ 0, przewidywany jest nawrót; jeśli F < 0, nie przewiduje się nawrotu.17

Szczególną uwagę należy zwrócić na pacjentów z następującymi czynnikami ryzyka:1819

  1. Dodatni wynik zakażenia HPV u partnerów seksualnych
  2. Liczne brodawki
  3. Nieprawidłowe stosowanie prezerwatyw
  4. Współistniejące zakażenia układu moczowo-płciowego

Rokowanie w grupach szczególnych

Pacjenci z obniżoną odpornością

Pacjenci z upośledzeniem odporności wymagają szczególnej uwagi w kontekście rokowania brodawek płciowych:20

  • Mają większą skłonność do rozwijania zmian opornych na leczenie w porównaniu do populacji ogólnej
  • Doświadczają częstszych nawrotów brodawek płciowych
  • Istnieje u nich zwiększone ryzyko transformacji złośliwej zmian w raka płaskonabłonkowego
  • Brodawki mogą nie ustąpić samoistnie, jak to bywa u osób z prawidłową odpornością21

W przypadku pacjentów z obniżoną odpornością korzystne jest:22

Powikłania i rokowanie długoterminowe

Brodawki płciowe generalnie nie powodują poważnych powikłań zdrowotnych, ponieważ są wywoływane przez szczepy HPV niskiego ryzyka.23 Jednak w przebiegu choroby mogą wystąpić następujące problemy:24

  • Lokalne powikłania z deformacją okolicy narządów płciowych są najczęstszymi komplikacjami
  • W przypadku nieleczonej i zaawansowanej choroby istnieje ryzyko transformacji złośliwej, co stanowi najpoważniejsze powikłanie, zwłaszcza u osób z obniżoną odpornością

Warto podkreślić, że szczepy HPV odpowiedzialne za brodawki płciowe (zazwyczaj HPV 6 i 11) nie są tymi samymi szczepami, które są powiązane z rozwojem nowotworów.25 Brodawki płciowe same w sobie nie przekształcają się w raka.26 Jednak pacjenci powinni być regularnie badani w kierunku ewentualnych zmian przedrakowych lub rakowych, szczególnie jeśli istnieje podejrzenie współzakażenia wysokoonkogennymi typami HPV.

Podejście do leczenia a rokowanie

Wybór metody leczenia może wpływać na rokowanie i ryzyko nawrotu brodawek płciowych. Decyzje dotyczące leczenia powinny uwzględniać:27

  • Preferencje pacjenta
  • Dostępne zasoby
  • Koszty leczenia
  • Doświadczenie kliniczne lekarza

Ważne jest, aby pacjenci rozumieli, że leczenie usuwa jedynie widoczne brodawki, ale nie eliminuje wirusa HPV. Oznacza to, że nawet po skutecznym leczeniu:2829

  • Pacjent nadal może być zakaźny dla partnerów seksualnych
  • Brodawki mogą nawracać
  • Konieczne może być powtarzanie leczenia w celu całkowitego usunięcia brodawek30

U około jednej trzeciej pacjentów z bezobjawowymi zmianami, którzy nie zdecydują się na leczenie, może dojść do samoistnego ustąpienia brodawek.31 Jednak ze względu na nieprzewidywalny charakter wzrostu lub ustępowania brodawek, zaleca się badanie i leczenie zakażonych osób w razie potrzeby.32

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 16.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Genital Warts: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4209-genital-warts
    Genital warts and HPV are common STIs. These types of warts, and the HPV types that cause them, dont increase your risk for getting cancer. […] Treatment can get rid of the warts, but it cant cure them or HPV. Youll always be infectious and need to practice safe sex with your partners. […] Genital warts may go away on their own because your immune system can fight off the infection that causes it. However, they may get larger, multiply or become increasingly uncomfortable. […] Treatment to remove genital warts doesnt cure you from HPV. Even if you dont have an active outbreak and your warts were removed, you can still spread HPV. […] Genital warts and HPV is lifelong. That means even with treatment to remove them, the warts may come back. […] Yes. Theres no cure for HPV, the virus that causes genital warts. As a result, you can get genital warts over and over again. […] Genital warts generally dont cause any serious health complications. The strain of HPV that cause genital warts is low-risk. […] No, genital warts dont turn into cancer.
  • #2 Genital Warts and HPV Infection: What You Need to Know
    https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-genital-warts/genital-warts-and-hpv
    HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in North America. Certain forms of the virus can cause cervical, rectal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancer. […] Because there is no way to predict whether the warts will grow or disappear, people who have been infected should be examined and treated, if necessary. […] HPV is a lifelong infection. Your genital warts may go away with treatment, but they could always come back. […] Having high-risk HPV can increase your risk of cervical, rectal, and penile cancer. But not all forms of the virus are linked to these cancers. If you have genital warts, it is important to get annual checkups to screen for cancer. […] An HPV infection never goes away. You can get genital warts again, even after treatment. […] The strains of HPV that cause genital warts are not the same strains linked to cancer. Genital warts are not cancer.
  • #3 Management of External Genital Warts | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0901/p312.html
    Genital warts are benign manifestations of human papillomavirus (HPV) that can cause discomfort and significant patient distress. Treatment options abound, and recurrence is common. Patient preferences, available resources, cost, and clinician experience should guide treatment selection. […] Recurrence rates range from 25% to 67%. Patients with asymptomatic lesions may prefer no treatment, and one-third of cases clear spontaneously. […] Clearance rates with surgical excision range from 89% to 93%, and recurrence rates are 19% to 29% at 12 months.
  • #4 Management of External Genital Warts | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0901/p312.html
    Genital warts are benign manifestations of human papillomavirus (HPV) that can cause discomfort and significant patient distress. Treatment options abound, and recurrence is common. Patient preferences, available resources, cost, and clinician experience should guide treatment selection. […] Recurrence rates range from 25% to 67%. Patients with asymptomatic lesions may prefer no treatment, and one-third of cases clear spontaneously. […] Clearance rates with surgical excision range from 89% to 93%, and recurrence rates are 19% to 29% at 12 months.
  • #5 Genital Warts: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4209-genital-warts
    Genital warts and HPV are common STIs. These types of warts, and the HPV types that cause them, dont increase your risk for getting cancer. […] Treatment can get rid of the warts, but it cant cure them or HPV. Youll always be infectious and need to practice safe sex with your partners. […] Genital warts may go away on their own because your immune system can fight off the infection that causes it. However, they may get larger, multiply or become increasingly uncomfortable. […] Treatment to remove genital warts doesnt cure you from HPV. Even if you dont have an active outbreak and your warts were removed, you can still spread HPV. […] Genital warts and HPV is lifelong. That means even with treatment to remove them, the warts may come back. […] Yes. Theres no cure for HPV, the virus that causes genital warts. As a result, you can get genital warts over and over again. […] Genital warts generally dont cause any serious health complications. The strain of HPV that cause genital warts is low-risk. […] No, genital warts dont turn into cancer.
  • #6 Genital warts – prevention and treatment | healthdirect
    https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/genital-warts
    Genital warts can be removed with creams, cryotherapy or laser, but treatment does not get rid of the virus itself, which usually goes away on its own within 2 years. […] For some people, the warts can go away on their own within 2 years. However if you have a weakened immune system, they may not go away. […] Treating your warts doesn’t cure the infection. Rather, treatments get rid of the warts you can see.
  • #7 Management of External Genital Warts | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0901/p312.html
    Genital warts are benign manifestations of human papillomavirus (HPV) that can cause discomfort and significant patient distress. Treatment options abound, and recurrence is common. Patient preferences, available resources, cost, and clinician experience should guide treatment selection. […] Recurrence rates range from 25% to 67%. Patients with asymptomatic lesions may prefer no treatment, and one-third of cases clear spontaneously. […] Clearance rates with surgical excision range from 89% to 93%, and recurrence rates are 19% to 29% at 12 months.
  • #8 Genital warts – prevention and treatment | healthdirect
    https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/genital-warts
    Genital warts can be removed with creams, cryotherapy or laser, but treatment does not get rid of the virus itself, which usually goes away on its own within 2 years. […] For some people, the warts can go away on their own within 2 years. However if you have a weakened immune system, they may not go away. […] Treating your warts doesn’t cure the infection. Rather, treatments get rid of the warts you can see.
  • #9 Genital Warts: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4209-genital-warts
    Genital warts and HPV are common STIs. These types of warts, and the HPV types that cause them, dont increase your risk for getting cancer. […] Treatment can get rid of the warts, but it cant cure them or HPV. Youll always be infectious and need to practice safe sex with your partners. […] Genital warts may go away on their own because your immune system can fight off the infection that causes it. However, they may get larger, multiply or become increasingly uncomfortable. […] Treatment to remove genital warts doesnt cure you from HPV. Even if you dont have an active outbreak and your warts were removed, you can still spread HPV. […] Genital warts and HPV is lifelong. That means even with treatment to remove them, the warts may come back. […] Yes. Theres no cure for HPV, the virus that causes genital warts. As a result, you can get genital warts over and over again. […] Genital warts generally dont cause any serious health complications. The strain of HPV that cause genital warts is low-risk. […] No, genital warts dont turn into cancer.
  • #10 How Long Do Genital Warts Last?
    https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/how-long-do-genital-warts-last
    Genital warts are treatable. You can also go extended periods of time without an outbreak, but it may not be possible to get rid of the warts forever. […] So even with treatment, genital warts may come back in the future. This depends on whether you’ve been vaccinated, how well your immune system is functioning, the strain of HPV you have, and the amount of virus you have (viral load). […] Although genital warts may clear on their own, HPV may still be in your body. Treatment will help get rid of warts and reduce future outbreaks, though you may have to repeat treatments to clear warts completely.
  • #11 Establishing a prediction model for recurrence of condyloma acuminatum
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9494849/
    We collected the clinical data of 156 patients diagnosed with condyloma acuminatum (CA), including age, gender, marriage, education level, stay up late, smoking, drinking, number of sexual partners, HPV infection status of sexual partners, genitourinary and anal diseases, condom use, other diseases of HPV infection, location and number of warts, HPV typing, etc. Analyze the risk factors affecting the recurrence of CA, explore the influencing factors and independent influencing factors of CA recurrence, establish the prediction model of CA recurrence, and evaluate its prediction value. Univariate analysis showed that stay up late, HPV infection status of sexual partners, urogenital diseases, condom use, other diseases of HPV infection and the number of CA were the influencing factors of CA recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that condom use (OR=0.166), HPV infection status of sexual partners (OR=4.848), number of warts (OR=1.212) and urogenital diseases (OR=3.179) were independent factors affecting the recurrence of CA (P0.05). Therefore, the prediction model of CA recurrence can be established, and the area under the curve AUC of the prediction model was calculated to be 0.867 (95% CI 0.8120.923). The model established in this study has certain prediction value for the recurrence of CA and can be used to preliminarily predict the recurrence of CA.
  • #12 Establishing a prediction model for recurrence of condyloma acuminatum | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text
    https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-022-00816-7
    We collected the clinical data of 156 patients diagnosed with condyloma acuminatum (CA), including age, gender, marriage, education level, stay up late, smoking, drinking, number of sexual partners, HPV infection status of sexual partners, genitourinary and anal diseases, condom use, other diseases of HPV infection, location and number of warts, HPV typing, etc. Analyze the risk factors affecting the recurrence of CA, explore the influencing factors and independent influencing factors of CA recurrence, establish the prediction model of CA recurrence, and evaluate its prediction value. Univariate analysis showed that stay up late, HPV infection status of sexual partners, urogenital diseases, condom use, other diseases of HPV infection and the number of CA were the influencing factors of CA recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that condom use (OR=0.166), HPV infection status of sexual partners (OR=4.848), number of warts (OR=1.212) and urogenital diseases (OR=3.179) were independent factors affecting the recurrence of CA (P0.05). Therefore, the prediction model of CA recurrence can be established, and the area under the curve AUC of the prediction model was calculated to be 0.867 (95% CI 0.8120.923). The model established in this study has certain prediction value for the recurrence of CA and can be used to preliminarily predict the recurrence of CA.
  • #13 Establishing a prediction model for recurrence of condyloma acuminatum
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9494849/
    In summary, the univariate analysis showed that HPV type and location of age, sex, marriage, education, smoking, alcoholism and warts were not clinical factors associated with CA recurrence. Stay up late, sexual partners with HPV infection, condom use, genitourinary disorders, other diseases of HPV infection, and the number of warts were clinical factors associated with CA recurrence. Among them, sexual partners have HPV infection, the number of warts, condom use and urogenital disorders were the independent influencing factors which caused of CA recurrence. Therefore, when CA patients had the following 4 conditions, the possibility of recurrence should be highly concerned: (1) positive HPV infection in sexual partners; (2) multiple warts; (3) incorrect use of condoms. (4) accompanied by urogenital infection. This study also established a recurrence prediction model for CA patients diagnosed for the first time to provide guidance on whether CA patients need recurrence prevention treatment. At the same time, this study also used cross-validation and external validation to evaluate the stability and application value of the screening model.
  • #14 Establishing a prediction model for recurrence of condyloma acuminatum | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text
    https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-022-00816-7
    The study found that the recurrence rate of CA after wart removal treatment is between 3575%. The span of these recurrence rates is large, which aroused our thinking. Can we establish a prediction tool based on the existing clinical data of patients, and use this tool to predict the recurrence probability of newly diagnosed CA patients after warts removal treatment? […] In summary, the univariate analysis showed that HPV type and location of age, sex, marriage, education, smoking, alcoholism and warts were not clinical factors associated with CA recurrence. Stay up late, sexual partners with HPV infection, condom use, genitourinary disorders, other diseases of HPV infection, and the number of warts were clinical factors associated with CA recurrence. […] Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the HPV infection status of sexual partners (OR=4.848), the number of CA warts in patients (OR=1.212), condom use (OR=0.166), and concomitant urogenital disorders (OR=3.179) were the independent influencing factors for CA recurrence (P0.05, Table 4). It could be assumed that when a CA patient had a large number of warts, accompanied by genitourinary diseases, and sexual partners with HPV infection, the possibility of CA recurrence was greater. The correct use of condoms could prevent the recurrence of CA.
  • #15 Establishing a prediction model for recurrence of condyloma acuminatum | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text
    https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-022-00816-7
    According to the prediction model equation and Logit (P) value, the following discriminant equation could be obtained: $${\text{F}}\, = \, – {1}.{2}0{1}\, + \,{1}.{579}*{\text{HPV infection in sexual partners}}\, + \,\,0.{192}*{\text{number of warts}}\, + \,\,\left( { – {1}.{794}*{\text{condom use}}} \right)\, + \,\,{1}.{156}*{\text{urogenital infection}}\,\, + \,\,0.{437}$$. The calculated value of F could determine whether CA patients have recurrence. When f value0, it was judged as recurrence; when f0, it was judged as non-recurrence. […] Therefore, when CA patients had the following 4 conditions, the possibility of recurrence should be highly concerned: (1) positive HPV infection in sexual partners; (2) multiple warts; (3) incorrect use of condoms. (4) accompanied by urogenital infection. This study also established a recurrence prediction model for CA patients diagnosed for the first time to provide guidance on whether CA patients need recurrence prevention treatment.
  • #16 Establishing a prediction model for recurrence of condyloma acuminatum
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9494849/
    We collected the clinical data of 156 patients diagnosed with condyloma acuminatum (CA), including age, gender, marriage, education level, stay up late, smoking, drinking, number of sexual partners, HPV infection status of sexual partners, genitourinary and anal diseases, condom use, other diseases of HPV infection, location and number of warts, HPV typing, etc. Analyze the risk factors affecting the recurrence of CA, explore the influencing factors and independent influencing factors of CA recurrence, establish the prediction model of CA recurrence, and evaluate its prediction value. Univariate analysis showed that stay up late, HPV infection status of sexual partners, urogenital diseases, condom use, other diseases of HPV infection and the number of CA were the influencing factors of CA recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that condom use (OR=0.166), HPV infection status of sexual partners (OR=4.848), number of warts (OR=1.212) and urogenital diseases (OR=3.179) were independent factors affecting the recurrence of CA (P0.05). Therefore, the prediction model of CA recurrence can be established, and the area under the curve AUC of the prediction model was calculated to be 0.867 (95% CI 0.8120.923). The model established in this study has certain prediction value for the recurrence of CA and can be used to preliminarily predict the recurrence of CA.
  • #17 Establishing a prediction model for recurrence of condyloma acuminatum | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text
    https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-022-00816-7
    According to the prediction model equation and Logit (P) value, the following discriminant equation could be obtained: $${\text{F}}\, = \, – {1}.{2}0{1}\, + \,{1}.{579}*{\text{HPV infection in sexual partners}}\, + \,\,0.{192}*{\text{number of warts}}\, + \,\,\left( { – {1}.{794}*{\text{condom use}}} \right)\, + \,\,{1}.{156}*{\text{urogenital infection}}\,\, + \,\,0.{437}$$. The calculated value of F could determine whether CA patients have recurrence. When f value0, it was judged as recurrence; when f0, it was judged as non-recurrence. […] Therefore, when CA patients had the following 4 conditions, the possibility of recurrence should be highly concerned: (1) positive HPV infection in sexual partners; (2) multiple warts; (3) incorrect use of condoms. (4) accompanied by urogenital infection. This study also established a recurrence prediction model for CA patients diagnosed for the first time to provide guidance on whether CA patients need recurrence prevention treatment.
  • #18 Establishing a prediction model for recurrence of condyloma acuminatum
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9494849/
    In summary, the univariate analysis showed that HPV type and location of age, sex, marriage, education, smoking, alcoholism and warts were not clinical factors associated with CA recurrence. Stay up late, sexual partners with HPV infection, condom use, genitourinary disorders, other diseases of HPV infection, and the number of warts were clinical factors associated with CA recurrence. Among them, sexual partners have HPV infection, the number of warts, condom use and urogenital disorders were the independent influencing factors which caused of CA recurrence. Therefore, when CA patients had the following 4 conditions, the possibility of recurrence should be highly concerned: (1) positive HPV infection in sexual partners; (2) multiple warts; (3) incorrect use of condoms. (4) accompanied by urogenital infection. This study also established a recurrence prediction model for CA patients diagnosed for the first time to provide guidance on whether CA patients need recurrence prevention treatment. At the same time, this study also used cross-validation and external validation to evaluate the stability and application value of the screening model.
  • #19 Establishing a prediction model for recurrence of condyloma acuminatum | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text
    https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-022-00816-7
    According to the prediction model equation and Logit (P) value, the following discriminant equation could be obtained: $${\text{F}}\, = \, – {1}.{2}0{1}\, + \,{1}.{579}*{\text{HPV infection in sexual partners}}\, + \,\,0.{192}*{\text{number of warts}}\, + \,\,\left( { – {1}.{794}*{\text{condom use}}} \right)\, + \,\,{1}.{156}*{\text{urogenital infection}}\,\, + \,\,0.{437}$$. The calculated value of F could determine whether CA patients have recurrence. When f value0, it was judged as recurrence; when f0, it was judged as non-recurrence. […] Therefore, when CA patients had the following 4 conditions, the possibility of recurrence should be highly concerned: (1) positive HPV infection in sexual partners; (2) multiple warts; (3) incorrect use of condoms. (4) accompanied by urogenital infection. This study also established a recurrence prediction model for CA patients diagnosed for the first time to provide guidance on whether CA patients need recurrence prevention treatment.
  • #20 Genital Warts – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441884/
    A large number of cases of genital warts fail to respond to treatment and often recur, especially with repeated infections from sexual contact or the long-incubation period of HPV. […] Immunocompromised patients are likely to have more resistant lesions than the general population with more frequent recurrences. They are also more likely for their lesions to develop a malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. […] In general, immunocompromised patients generally benefit from a combination of therapies, early addition of isotretinoin, a longer duration of treatment, and earlier implementation of surgery. […] Local complications with disfigurement are the most common complications of this disease. With untreated and advanced-stage disease, there is a risk of malignant transformation, which is the most feared complication.
  • #21 Genital warts – prevention and treatment | healthdirect
    https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/genital-warts
    Genital warts can be removed with creams, cryotherapy or laser, but treatment does not get rid of the virus itself, which usually goes away on its own within 2 years. […] For some people, the warts can go away on their own within 2 years. However if you have a weakened immune system, they may not go away. […] Treating your warts doesn’t cure the infection. Rather, treatments get rid of the warts you can see.
  • #22 Genital Warts – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441884/
    A large number of cases of genital warts fail to respond to treatment and often recur, especially with repeated infections from sexual contact or the long-incubation period of HPV. […] Immunocompromised patients are likely to have more resistant lesions than the general population with more frequent recurrences. They are also more likely for their lesions to develop a malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. […] In general, immunocompromised patients generally benefit from a combination of therapies, early addition of isotretinoin, a longer duration of treatment, and earlier implementation of surgery. […] Local complications with disfigurement are the most common complications of this disease. With untreated and advanced-stage disease, there is a risk of malignant transformation, which is the most feared complication.
  • #23 Genital Warts: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4209-genital-warts
    Genital warts and HPV are common STIs. These types of warts, and the HPV types that cause them, dont increase your risk for getting cancer. […] Treatment can get rid of the warts, but it cant cure them or HPV. Youll always be infectious and need to practice safe sex with your partners. […] Genital warts may go away on their own because your immune system can fight off the infection that causes it. However, they may get larger, multiply or become increasingly uncomfortable. […] Treatment to remove genital warts doesnt cure you from HPV. Even if you dont have an active outbreak and your warts were removed, you can still spread HPV. […] Genital warts and HPV is lifelong. That means even with treatment to remove them, the warts may come back. […] Yes. Theres no cure for HPV, the virus that causes genital warts. As a result, you can get genital warts over and over again. […] Genital warts generally dont cause any serious health complications. The strain of HPV that cause genital warts is low-risk. […] No, genital warts dont turn into cancer.
  • #24 Genital Warts – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441884/
    A large number of cases of genital warts fail to respond to treatment and often recur, especially with repeated infections from sexual contact or the long-incubation period of HPV. […] Immunocompromised patients are likely to have more resistant lesions than the general population with more frequent recurrences. They are also more likely for their lesions to develop a malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. […] In general, immunocompromised patients generally benefit from a combination of therapies, early addition of isotretinoin, a longer duration of treatment, and earlier implementation of surgery. […] Local complications with disfigurement are the most common complications of this disease. With untreated and advanced-stage disease, there is a risk of malignant transformation, which is the most feared complication.
  • #25 Genital Warts and HPV Infection: What You Need to Know
    https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-genital-warts/genital-warts-and-hpv
    HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in North America. Certain forms of the virus can cause cervical, rectal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancer. […] Because there is no way to predict whether the warts will grow or disappear, people who have been infected should be examined and treated, if necessary. […] HPV is a lifelong infection. Your genital warts may go away with treatment, but they could always come back. […] Having high-risk HPV can increase your risk of cervical, rectal, and penile cancer. But not all forms of the virus are linked to these cancers. If you have genital warts, it is important to get annual checkups to screen for cancer. […] An HPV infection never goes away. You can get genital warts again, even after treatment. […] The strains of HPV that cause genital warts are not the same strains linked to cancer. Genital warts are not cancer.
  • #26 Genital Warts: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4209-genital-warts
    Genital warts and HPV are common STIs. These types of warts, and the HPV types that cause them, dont increase your risk for getting cancer. […] Treatment can get rid of the warts, but it cant cure them or HPV. Youll always be infectious and need to practice safe sex with your partners. […] Genital warts may go away on their own because your immune system can fight off the infection that causes it. However, they may get larger, multiply or become increasingly uncomfortable. […] Treatment to remove genital warts doesnt cure you from HPV. Even if you dont have an active outbreak and your warts were removed, you can still spread HPV. […] Genital warts and HPV is lifelong. That means even with treatment to remove them, the warts may come back. […] Yes. Theres no cure for HPV, the virus that causes genital warts. As a result, you can get genital warts over and over again. […] Genital warts generally dont cause any serious health complications. The strain of HPV that cause genital warts is low-risk. […] No, genital warts dont turn into cancer.
  • #27 Management of External Genital Warts | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0901/p312.html
    Genital warts are benign manifestations of human papillomavirus (HPV) that can cause discomfort and significant patient distress. Treatment options abound, and recurrence is common. Patient preferences, available resources, cost, and clinician experience should guide treatment selection. […] Recurrence rates range from 25% to 67%. Patients with asymptomatic lesions may prefer no treatment, and one-third of cases clear spontaneously. […] Clearance rates with surgical excision range from 89% to 93%, and recurrence rates are 19% to 29% at 12 months.
  • #28 Genital Warts: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4209-genital-warts
    Genital warts and HPV are common STIs. These types of warts, and the HPV types that cause them, dont increase your risk for getting cancer. […] Treatment can get rid of the warts, but it cant cure them or HPV. Youll always be infectious and need to practice safe sex with your partners. […] Genital warts may go away on their own because your immune system can fight off the infection that causes it. However, they may get larger, multiply or become increasingly uncomfortable. […] Treatment to remove genital warts doesnt cure you from HPV. Even if you dont have an active outbreak and your warts were removed, you can still spread HPV. […] Genital warts and HPV is lifelong. That means even with treatment to remove them, the warts may come back. […] Yes. Theres no cure for HPV, the virus that causes genital warts. As a result, you can get genital warts over and over again. […] Genital warts generally dont cause any serious health complications. The strain of HPV that cause genital warts is low-risk. […] No, genital warts dont turn into cancer.
  • #29 Genital warts – prevention and treatment | healthdirect
    https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/genital-warts
    Genital warts can be removed with creams, cryotherapy or laser, but treatment does not get rid of the virus itself, which usually goes away on its own within 2 years. […] For some people, the warts can go away on their own within 2 years. However if you have a weakened immune system, they may not go away. […] Treating your warts doesn’t cure the infection. Rather, treatments get rid of the warts you can see.
  • #30 How Long Do Genital Warts Last?
    https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/how-long-do-genital-warts-last
    Genital warts are treatable. You can also go extended periods of time without an outbreak, but it may not be possible to get rid of the warts forever. […] So even with treatment, genital warts may come back in the future. This depends on whether you’ve been vaccinated, how well your immune system is functioning, the strain of HPV you have, and the amount of virus you have (viral load). […] Although genital warts may clear on their own, HPV may still be in your body. Treatment will help get rid of warts and reduce future outbreaks, though you may have to repeat treatments to clear warts completely.
  • #31 Management of External Genital Warts | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0901/p312.html
    Genital warts are benign manifestations of human papillomavirus (HPV) that can cause discomfort and significant patient distress. Treatment options abound, and recurrence is common. Patient preferences, available resources, cost, and clinician experience should guide treatment selection. […] Recurrence rates range from 25% to 67%. Patients with asymptomatic lesions may prefer no treatment, and one-third of cases clear spontaneously. […] Clearance rates with surgical excision range from 89% to 93%, and recurrence rates are 19% to 29% at 12 months.
  • #32 Genital Warts and HPV Infection: What You Need to Know
    https://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-genital-warts/genital-warts-and-hpv
    HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD) in North America. Certain forms of the virus can cause cervical, rectal, vulvar, vaginal, and penile cancer. […] Because there is no way to predict whether the warts will grow or disappear, people who have been infected should be examined and treated, if necessary. […] HPV is a lifelong infection. Your genital warts may go away with treatment, but they could always come back. […] Having high-risk HPV can increase your risk of cervical, rectal, and penile cancer. But not all forms of the virus are linked to these cancers. If you have genital warts, it is important to get annual checkups to screen for cancer. […] An HPV infection never goes away. You can get genital warts again, even after treatment. […] The strains of HPV that cause genital warts are not the same strains linked to cancer. Genital warts are not cancer.