Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Insomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355167

  Insomnia may be the main problem or it may be related to other conditions. […] Long-term insomnia is usually due to stress, life events or habits that disrupt sleep. While treating the cause of your sleep problem may stop your insomnia, sometimes it can last for years. […] Common causes of long-term insomnia include: Stress. Concerns about work, school, health, money or family can keep your mind active at night, making it hard to sleep. Stressful life events, such as the death or illness of a loved one, divorce, or a job loss, also may lead to insomnia. […] Travel or work schedule. Your body’s „internal clock,” known as circadian rhythms, guides things such as your sleep-wake cycle, metabolism and body temperature. Disrupting these rhythms can lead to insomnia. Causes include feeling jet lag from traveling across multiple time zones, working a late or early shift, or changing shifts often.

• #1 What Causes Insomnia | Sleep Medicine

  https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-20

  Many of the theoretical concepts used to explain the mechanisms underlying the development of insomnia can be summarized in a model proposed by Dr. Arthur Spielman in the 1980’s. This model includes three key factors that contribute to insomnia: predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors. […] Predisposing factors includes factors that are often out of our control, like our age and genetics, that make us vulnerable to sleeping problems. Lifestyle issues and medical conditions may be predisposing factors as well. Although predisposing factors may increase your risk of insomnia, it is not enough to cause insomnia. […] Precipitating factors are circumstances that trigger the first few nights of insomnia. It could be a stressful life event, a recent trauma, or medical treatments or conditions. Any event or activity that can make it more difficult to sleep at night may be a precipitating factor for insomnia.

• #1 What Causes Insomnia | Sleep Medicine

  https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-20

  Sleep researchers and experts continue to investigate what leads to the development of insomnia. It is well-known that insomnia often occurs in the setting of various social stressors (e.g., personal loss, social disruption), mental and physical health problems (e.g., heart disease, depression) and in those with a family history of the condition (see Risk Factors for Insomnia). However, this does not explain why insomnia actually occurs. There are several theories that have been proposed to explain its basis. One common theory suggests that insomnia is a state of „hyperarousal” where affected persons are physiologically and mentally activated. Studies in persons with insomnia have found increased heart rates, elevations in the stress hormone cortisol or greater amounts of fast brain activity around sleep onset. However, not all persons with insomnia exhibit evidence of „hyperarousal”. Another theory proposes that insomnia is related to a problem with the control of sleep and wakefulness. There are a number of biological pathways that have been shown to be important in governing sleep and wakefulness. If some of these pathways are disturbed, insomnia may develop. Advanced imaging and electroencephalographic techniques have shown that there are differences in brain function between persons with and without insomnia. Unhelpful behaviors and thoughts also are thought to be related to the development of insomnia. This is one of the principles underlying the use of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia.

• #1 Insomnia: Definition, Prevalence, Etiology, and Consequences

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1978319/

  Data have shown that both the diagnosis of insomnia and the severity of the sleep disturbance are related to overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hypersecretion of cortisol. […] Chronic insomnia is highly prevalent and affects approximately 30% of the general population. […] Various risk factors associated with increased prevalence of chronic insomnia include older age, female gender, and comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions. […] A comorbid psychiatric disorder such as depression or anxiety may be a consequence of as well as a risk factor for disrupted sleep. […] Recent research suggests that insomnia and depression share common pathological processes that make individuals vulnerable to both conditionsspecifically, abnormal regulation of CRF. […] Studies that improve the knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms controlling regulation of sleep homeostasis, circadian rhythms, physiological hyperarousal, genetics, stress, and cognition are needed to adequately evaluate the causes and mechanisms of insomnia.

• #1 Insomnia: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/insomnia-symptoms-and-causes

  Insomnia can have serious effects on your health, including raising your risk of high blood pressure and depression. […] The causes depend on whether you have primary insomnia or secondary insomnia, also called comorbid insomnia because it develops as a result of another health condition. Many of these causes can be addressed, such as lifestyle habits and treating ongoing medical problems. However, some causes can’t be changed, such as your genes. […] Causes of primary insomnia include: Stress related to big life events, like a job loss or change, the death of a loved one, divorce, or moving. Your sleep environment, or the things around you while you are trying to sleep, like noise, light, or a room temperature that’s either too hot or too cold for you to sleep comfortably. Changes in your sleep schedule like jet lag, a new shift at work, waking up to care for a new baby, or moving to a new home. Your genes, as research has found that a tendency for insomnia may run in families. Eating too close to bedtime, which can leave you feeling quite uncomfortable when lying in bed and prevent sleep, as can heartburn, which also may happen after overeating. Caffeine and nicotine, which are both stimulants and can keep you up if you consume them too soon before bedtime. Alcohol, which can interfere with your ability to get deep, restful sleep and may cause you to wake up during the night. Not getting enough exercise or other physical activity in the daytime.

• #1 Insomnia: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155

  In rare cases, some people may inherit a condition known as fatal familial insomnia. This genetic condition can cause sleep problems and brain damage that eventually lead to death. […] Many different factors can trigger insomnia. These can vary between people and it may not always be possible to identify a clear cause. However, some common causes of insomnia include stress, anxiety, and depression.

• #1 Insomnia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/insomnia

  Insomnia increases with age. The older you become, the higher the possibility of insomnia. […] If you are over 60 years old, your health and sleep habits change over time, leading to insomnia. […] Stress If you are under a lot of pressure, you may face a short-term sleep problem. Persistent stress can eventually cause long-term insomnia. […] A restful and adequate sleep can contribute to a healthy lifestyle. Sleep loss can damage both mental and physical well-being. People who suffer from insomnia are susceptible to a lower life quality compared to people who do not have a sleep problem. […] Many can have a well-rested slumber once again after they modify their sleep routine and clear underlying causes such as anxiety, sickness, or medicines.

• #1 Insomnia – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia/causes

  Changes in your schedule or environment can cause or raise your risk of insomnia. […] You can develop insomnia at any age but your chances of having it increase as you get older. […] Your genes may raise your risk of insomnia, as insomnia sometimes runs in families. […] The following can disturb your sleep-wake cycle, a pattern that your body uses to figure out when to sleep and when to be awake: Shift or night work, Noise or light during the night, Uncomfortably high or low temperatures. […] Lifestyle habits can raise your risk of sleep problems. […] Stress or worrying about school or work, relationships, money, or the death of a loved one raises your risk of insomnia. […] Insomnia is more common in women than in men.

• #1 Risk Factors for Insomnia | Sleep Medicine

  https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-56

  Medical and psychiatric disorders: medical disorders such as heart disease and asthma, and psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety are often associated with insomnia. […] Individuals with lower socioeconomic status and persons of color also have higher rates of insomnia. A major factors explaining this finding are health disparities, e.g., higher likelihood of other health conditions and living in poorer neighborhoods.

• #1 What Causes Insomnia?

  https://sleepdoctor.com/pages/insomnia/causes-of-insomnia

  Anywhere from 30% to 60% of adults have experienced symptoms consistent with insomnia. Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which you have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. Sleep issues occur even when you have the right conditions for sleep. […] No matter how insomnia shows up for you, you probably want to know why it happens. Understanding the causes behind your sleep problems can be the first step in addressing them and experiencing all the benefits sleep can provide. […] Stress can be a huge contributor to insomnia, and the relationship can be cyclical. Stress in your life might keep you awake, and then your inability to sleep might make you feel even more stressed out. […] There is a close connection between mental health and sleeping problems. Mental health disorders can lead to insomnia, and insomnia can also cause or exacerbate mental health challenges.

• #1 What Causes Insomnia?

  https://sleepdoctor.com/pages/insomnia/causes-of-insomnia

  Around 50% of people with long-lasting insomnia also have a mental health disorder. […] Lifestyle choices can have a big impact on sleep, and there might be choices in your day that are leading to or worsening insomnia without you even realizing it. […] Injury and illness commonly contribute to insomnia. About 40% of people with some sort of medical problem experience chronic insomnia. […] What complicates sleep even further is that medications — including those used for many of the health issues already discussed — can cause insomnia. […] Sleep apnea causes a person to briefly stop breathing at multiple points during the night, which can lead to restless and shallow sleep. Sleep apnea is one of the sleep disorders that can go hand in hand with insomnia. […] Shift work is any work that falls outside of typical daytime work hours. These shifts might be fixed, meaning the same times and days each week, or rotating. Shift work is required for many people, but it can wreak havoc on sleep.

• #1 What Causes Insomnia? 7 Reasons You May Have Trouble Sleeping | Sleep Centers of Middle Tennessee

  https://sleepcenterinfo.com/blog/what-causes-insomnia/

  Insomnia can be caused by a number of factors— insomnia that isn’t caused by other health problems is called primary insomnia, while insomnia caused by another health condition is called secondary insomnia. […] Acute insomnia is most often caused by stressful life events, such as becoming a new parent or a demanding job, but it can also be caused by hormonal factors as well, such as pregnancy and menopause. […] Chronic insomnia can also be caused by stressful life events, but it can also be connected to medical conditions like chronic pain, nightmares, and even certain lifestyle choices. […] Anxiety and depression are the two most commonly diagnosed mental disorders—and both can negatively affect your sleep in several ways. […] Studies published by Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience have found that 75 percent of people diagnosed with depression also experience insomnia as a core symptom.

• #1 Insomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355167

  Poor sleep habits. Poor sleep habits include going to bed and waking up at different times each day, taking naps, being too active before bedtime and having a sleep area that is not comfortable. Other poor sleep habits include working, eating or watching TV while in bed. Using computers or smartphones, playing video games, or watching TV just before bed can disrupt your sleep cycle. […] Eating too much late in the evening. Having a light snack before bedtime is OK. But eating too much may cause you to feel uncomfortable while lying down. Many people also have heartburn. This is when stomach acid backs up into the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. This tube is called the esophagus. Heartburn may keep you awake. […] Mental health disorders. Anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, may disrupt your sleep. Waking up too early can be a sign of depression. Insomnia often occurs with other mental health conditions.

• #1 Types of Insomnia: Definition, Causes, and Diagnosis

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-insomnia-5226021

  Secondary insomnia accounts for most cases of insomnia. It can be acute or chronic. Secondary insomnia occurs as a side effect or symptom of one of the following factors: Medical conditions, Psychological conditions, Sleep disorders, Substances like caffeine, alcohol, or tobacco, Prescription medications or illegal drugs. […] Onset insomnia affects your ability to fall asleep at the time you wish. It is usually linked with psychological or psychiatric issues. Onset insomnia can also be a symptom secondary to a medical condition or sleep disorder. […] Maintenance insomnia is a condition that makes it difficult to maintain sleep after you’ve fallen asleep. It occurs more often in older adults since sleep cycles change with age. […] Psychophysiological insomnia is defined as having a state of heightened arousal, worry, and anxiety about sleep and sleeplessness. Instead of falling asleep, people focus on their sleep and are concerned about not getting enough of it.

• #1 Understanding the Causes and Prevalence of Insomnia

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/understanding-the-causes-and-prevalence-of-insomnia

  There are many causes for insomnia. […] Sleep is something that happens given the right circumstances, its not something that you do. […] In many ways, we live in a toxic environment for sleep. […] When we look at psychosocial factors and environmental factors ambient lighting, temperature, noise the sleep environment might not be conducive to sleep. […] A lot of things out there can be problematic. […] We talk about comorbidities. […] As sleep physicians, weve got to think about obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders, like the wake-sleep phase syndrome. […] These can have an insomnia component that may or may not get better when you treat the primary problem. […] Lets move on to psychiatric illness, which has such a tight association with insomnia, particularly depression and anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.

• #1 Insomnia: Definition, Prevalence, Etiology, and Consequences

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1978319/

  It is estimated that the majority of people with insomnia (approximately 75%90%) have an increased risk for comorbid medical disorders, such as conditions causing hypoxemia and dyspnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pain conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. […] The most common comorbidities associated with insomnia are psychiatric disorders. It is estimated that 40% of all insomnia patients have a coexisting psychiatric condition. […] It has traditionally been assumed that insomnia is secondary to the psychiatric disorder; however, given the chronicity of insomnia, it is possible that in some, if not most, cases the insomnia precedes the psychiatric disorder. […] The close association of insomnia with depression is likely related to common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for sleep and mood regulation that make the individual vulnerable to both conditions.

• #1 Understanding the Causes and Prevalence of Insomnia

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/understanding-the-causes-and-prevalence-of-insomnia

  Pain, chronic pain, cancer sleep is something that affects nearly every aspect of our physiology, so its not surprising that when our physiology breaks down, when we have disease processes, thats going to impact our sleep and cause insomnia problems. […] Insomnia is 1 of the most prevalent complaints known to man. […] We also know that an insomnia disorder, as Erinn described, occurs for 3 months or longer, causing distress, functioning issues, and so on. […] It occurs in 5% to 10% of the population at any time, so its a very common problem. […] The prevalence of insomnia seems to increase in certain settings for example, medical settings. […] Around 80% of psychiatric patients have insomnia, depending on whether its inpatient or outpatient. […] One final thing Id like to mention is the comorbidities of insomnia.

• #1 Insomnia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/insomnia

  When you have difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep through the night or you wake up too early and cannot return to sleep, you may suffer from a sleep disorder or insomnia. […] Insomnia can be the primary problem or related with other health problems. […] Stress, painful life events, and habits can cause chronic insomnia. Sleep problems can be treated once an underlying cause is found; however, this may take years. […] Certain medications or medical conditions can cause chronic insomnia. Treatments of the medical conditions may improve your sleep. […] Mental health problems If you suffer from anxiety disorders, your sleep routine may be disturbed. Waking up too early may be a hint of depression. Sleep disorders can also be related to mental health conditions. […] Some diseases are associated with insomnia. These are cancer, diabetes, chronic pain, heart problems, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hyperthyroid, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

• #1 Biological Factors of Insomnia | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/insomnia/causes/biological-factors.html

  Some health conditions can disrupt sleep, including: […] Conditions that cause chronic pain, such as arthritis and headache disorder […] Conditions that are associated with difficulty breathing, such as asthma, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and sleep apnea […] Depression, anxiety and other psychiatric disorders […] Abnormal thyroid function […] Acid reflux disorder […] Restless legs syndrome […] Conditions that increase urinary frequency, such as enlarged prostate […] Dementia […] Certain medications and commonly used substances can disrupt sleep. These include the following: […] Caffeine, nicotine, and other stimulants […] Alcohol or other sedatives that wear off in the middle of the night […] Some asthma medications (e.g. theophylline)

• #1 Insomnia Causes

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Psych/Sleep/InsmnCs.htm

  Insomnia Causes, Insomnia Associated Conditions, Organic Insomnia […] Causes […] Medications […] Associated Conditions […] Chronic Medical Disorders […] Endocrine conditions […] Hyperthyroidism […] Diabetes Mellitus (and Nocturia) […] Menopause (and Night Sweats) […] Musculoskeletal conditions […] Joint or Muscle pain (e.g. Osteoarthritis, Fibromyalgia) […] Genitourinary […] Chronic Renal Failure […] Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (and Nocturia) […] Urinary Incontinence […] Cardiopulmonary […] Asthma […] Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) […] Congestive Heart Failure (and Orthopnea) […] Coronary Artery Disease […] Hypertension […] Miscellaneous conditions […] Reflux Esophagitis […] Pruritus due to dermatologic or systemic conditions […] Dementia

• #1 Insomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355167

  Medicines. Many prescription drugs can interfere with sleep, such as certain antidepressants and medicines for asthma or blood pressure. Many medicines available without a prescription, such as some pain medicines, allergy and cold medicines, and weight-loss products, contain caffeine and other stimulants that can disrupt sleep. […] Medical conditions. Examples of conditions linked with insomnia include ongoing pain, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), overactive thyroid, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. […] Sleep-related disorders. Sleep apnea causes you to stop breathing at times during the night, disrupting your sleep. Restless legs syndrome causes a strong uncomfortable urge to move your legs when trying to fall asleep. This may keep you from falling asleep or getting back to sleep.

• #1 What Causes Insomnia?

  https://sleepdoctor.com/pages/insomnia/causes-of-insomnia

  Another sleep disorder connected with insomnia is restless legs syndrome (RLS). RLS leads to discomfort in the legs. […] Unfortunately, insomnia can occur at the same time as other conditions and sleep disorders. The symptoms can overlap, which makes it tricky to determine whether insomnia itself or underlying issue is the culprit behind your poor sleep.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-Sleep-Onset-Insomnia.aspx

  Sleep onset insomnia or acute onset may be traced to various triggers such as sudden changes in lifestyle, the onset of certain short-term stressors, or poor sleep hygiene. This may include a loud or noisy environment, intake of coffee or a large meal shortly before bedtime, or lack of adequate exercise. Using a computer, television, or smartphone in the bedroom may trigger incongruous stimuli which hinder sleep onset. […] Another common factor is anxiety – up to 90 percent of anxious or depressed individuals have some type of sleep disorder, including sleep onset insomnia. This itself causes more anxiety and fear of remaining awake to build up, which further prolongs the sleep onset latency. […] Some medical or psychiatric disorders may also result in sleep-onset insomnia. These include restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements in sleep, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, congestive cardiac failure, and other circadian disorders which disturb the rhythm of the sleep-wake routine.

• #1 Insomnia Causes

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Psych/Sleep/InsmnCs.htm

  Chronic Pain […] Associated Conditions […] Psychiatric Disorders […] Major Depression […] Anxiety Disorder (including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) […] Bipolar Disorder […] Schizophrenia […] Substance Use Disorder […] Causes […] Sleep Disorders […] Restless Legs Syndrome […] Periodic Limb Movement disorder […] Obstructive Sleep Apnea […] Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder […] Extrinsic (e.g. Shift Work Disorder, Jet Lag, Delayed Sleep Phase) […] Intrinsic (e.g. Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder)

• #1 Insomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355167

  Caffeine, nicotine and alcohol. Coffee, tea, cola and other drinks that have caffeine are stimulants. Drinking them in the late afternoon or evening can keep you from falling asleep at night. Nicotine in tobacco products is another stimulant that can disrupt sleep. Alcohol may help you fall asleep, but it prevents deeper stages of sleep and often results in waking up in the middle of the night.

• #1 Insomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia

  Insomnia can occur independently or as a result of another problem. […] Conditions that can result in insomnia include psychological stress, chronic pain, heart failure, hyperthyroidism, heartburn, restless leg syndrome, menopause, certain medications, and drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol. […] Symptoms of insomnia can be caused by or associated with: Sleep breathing disorders, such as sleep apnea or upper airway resistance syndrome; Use of psychoactive drugs (such as stimulants), including certain medications, herbs, caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, aripiprazole, MDMA, modafinil, or excessive alcohol intake; Use of or withdrawal from alcohol and other sedatives, such as anti-anxiety and sleep drugs like benzodiazepines; Use of or withdrawal from pain-relievers such as opioids; Heart disease; Restless legs syndrome, which can cause sleep onset insomnia due to the discomforting sensations felt and the need to move the legs or other body parts to relieve these sensations; Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), which occurs during sleep and can cause arousals of which the sleeper is unaware; Pain: an injury or condition that causes pain can preclude an individual from finding a comfortable position in which to fall asleep, and can also cause awakening; Hormone shifts such as those that precede menstruation and those during menopause; Life events such as fear, stress, anxiety, emotional or mental tension, work problems, financial stress, birth of a child, and bereavement; Gastrointestinal issues such as heartburn or constipation; Mental, neurobehavioral, or neurodevelopmental disorders such as bipolar disorder, clinical depression, generalized anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, autism, dementia, ADHD, and FASD; Disturbances of the circadian rhythm, such as shift work and jet lag, can cause an inability to sleep at some times of the day and excessive sleepiness at other times of the day.

• #1 What causes insomnia?

  https://patient.info/news-and-features/insomnia-causes

  Insomnia can be caused by: […] Distressing events, such as a bereavement, a breakup, or exams. […] Things that disrupt the circadian rhythms – our internal body clocks – such as shift work or jet lag. […] Changes in the sleeping environment, such as having a young baby, or a sleeping environment that is noisy, bright, or too warm or cold. […] Screen time. […] Eating close to bedtime. […] Alcohol use. […] Smoking. […] Caffeine – for example in coffee, tea, and energy drinks. […] Recreational drugs, such as cocaine and ecstasy. […] Medications. […] Mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety. […] Physical health conditions, such as COPD and heart failure. […] Causes of insomnia include: […] Any stressful or distressing event can cause insomnia. […] The body and mind’s natural response to stress and trauma can lead to hyperarousal, preventing people from getting to sleep.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Insomnia-Causes.aspx

  Insomnia is described as either primary or secondary insomnia. Primary insomnia is not directly related to the presence of any other health problems, while secondary insomnia arises as a result of another factor such as depression, anxiety, arthritis, heartburn or the use of substances such as drugs or alcohol, for example. […] Since insomnia can be caused by many different things, it can sometimes be difficult to establish what the underlying problem is. Some of the main factors that are known to contribute are described below. […] Stressful events such as the loss of a loved one, financial problems or problems at work can trigger insomnia in some people. […] Depression can affect a persons ability to sleep and the risk of severe insomnia is significantly higher among people with major depressive disorders.

• #1 Primary Insomnia: A Lifelong Problem

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/primary-insomnia-lifelong-problem

  Primary insomnia is a decreased ability to fall asleep and/or stay asleep, with resulting daytime effects of sleep deprivation, such as fatigue, dozing off, and irritability. The sleep problems of primary insomnia are not associated with lifestyle habits or a medical or psychiatric cause. […] This type of insomnia is usually idiopathic, although it can be impacted by mild to moderate stress. Primary idiopathic insomnia occurs without any identifiable cause and in the absence of anxiety. […] Primary insomnia has 3 subtypes: idiopathic, stress-related, and SSM. Idiopathic insomnia is truly without any identifiable contributory factor, while stress-related insomnia can be characterized by mild stress, such as rumination or other thoughts throughout the night. […] People who have primary insomnia may be very concerned about the causes and effects of not getting enough sleep, and anxiety about sleep can exacerbate the insomnia.

• #1 Insomnia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia

  While insomnia can be caused by many conditions, it can also occur without any identifiable cause. This is known as Primary Insomnia. […] Primary Insomnia may also have an initial identifiable cause but continues after the cause is no longer present. For example, a bout of insomnia may be triggered by a stressful work or life event. However, the condition may continue after the stressful event has been resolved. In such cases, the insomnia is usually perpetuated by the anxiety or fear caused by the sleeplessness itself, rather than any external factors.

• #1 Biological Factors of Insomnia | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/insomnia/causes/biological-factors.html

  Some decongestants and allergy and cold medicines […] Some steroids, such as prednisone […] Beta blockers (medicines used to treat heart conditions) […] Sleep disruptions caused by medical conditions, medications and substances may resolve with treatment. However, this is not always the case and for some individuals, insomnia may persist after the medical condition is managed or resolved.

• #1 Insomnia | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html

  Insomnia can cause daytime sleepiness and a lack of energy. It also can make you feel anxious, depressed, or irritable. You may have trouble focusing on tasks, paying attention, learning, and remembering. Insomnia also can cause other serious problems. For example, it could make you feel drowsy while driving. This could cause you get into a car accident. […] If your insomnia is the symptom or side effect of another problem, it’s important to treat that problem (if possible).

• #1 Insomnia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment | SleepApnea.org

  https://www.sleepapnea.org/insomnia/?srsltid=AfmBOorTzLfMk8mCk2Uk7sT2xDmtPodJoDQTL9u1JHBCE6aYb56nzLL_

  Some factors that are believed to increase the risk of insomnia include: a natural tendency to be awakened more easily from sleep, mental health conditions like depression and anxiety, experiencing very strong reactions to stressful events. […] Insomnia is diagnosed based on the nature of your sleep habits and sleeping problems. […] Treatment for insomnia is often tailored to the cause and severity of sleeping problems. […] If insomnia continues or is significantly disrupting your daily life, treatment may involve addressing underlying causes, improving thoughts and habits related to sleep through cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), taking medications, or a combination of those options. […] For chronic insomnia, the initial treatment typically focuses on improving sleep habits and trying to combat negative thoughts and feelings about sleep.

• #2 Insomnia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/insomnia

  When you have difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep through the night or you wake up too early and cannot return to sleep, you may suffer from a sleep disorder or insomnia. […] Insomnia can be the primary problem or related with other health problems. […] Stress, painful life events, and habits can cause chronic insomnia. Sleep problems can be treated once an underlying cause is found; however, this may take years. […] Certain medications or medical conditions can cause chronic insomnia. Treatments of the medical conditions may improve your sleep. […] Mental health problems If you suffer from anxiety disorders, your sleep routine may be disturbed. Waking up too early may be a hint of depression. Sleep disorders can also be related to mental health conditions. […] Some diseases are associated with insomnia. These are cancer, diabetes, chronic pain, heart problems, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hyperthyroid, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

• #2 Insomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview

  In patients with insomnia associated with a medical condition, medical disorders may include chronic pain syndromes from any cause (eg, arthritis, cancer), advanced chronic obstructive lung disease, benign prostatic hypertrophy (because of nocturia), chronic renal disease (especially if on hemodialysis), chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and neurologic disorders. […] Insomnia usually results from an interaction of biological, physical, psychological, and environmental factors. Although transient insomnia can occur in any person, chronic insomnia appears to develop only in a subset of persons who may have an underlying predisposition to insomnia. […] The Spielman model of chronic insomnia posits three components: predisposing factors, precipitating factors, and perpetuating factors. According to this model, predisposing factors may cause the occasional night of poor sleep, but in general, the person sleeps well until a precipitating event (eg, death of a loved one) occurs, which triggers acute insomnia. If bad sleep habits develop or other perpetuating factors set in, the insomnia becomes chronic and will persist even with removal of the precipitating factor.

• #2 Insomnia: Causes, Treatment, and Symptoms – PCSI

  https://pcsifl.com/insomnia-causes-treatment-and-symptoms/

  Some individuals are more prone to developing insomnia than others. […] Predisposing factors of insomnia are catalyzed by an event that causes stress or an existing medical condition that leads to insomnia. […] Examples of medical conditions that contribute to insomnia include: Another sleep disorder like sleep apnea or restless leg syndrome, Chronic pain, Cancer, Depression or anxiety, Arthritis, Cardiovascular disease, Asthma, GERD. […] Finally, perpetuating factors are those that dont go away. They are a result of a change in behavior or cognition.

• #2 Insomnia: Definition, Prevalence, Etiology, and Consequences

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1978319/

  Data have shown that both the diagnosis of insomnia and the severity of the sleep disturbance are related to overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the hypersecretion of cortisol. […] Chronic insomnia is highly prevalent and affects approximately 30% of the general population. […] Various risk factors associated with increased prevalence of chronic insomnia include older age, female gender, and comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions. […] A comorbid psychiatric disorder such as depression or anxiety may be a consequence of as well as a risk factor for disrupted sleep. […] Recent research suggests that insomnia and depression share common pathological processes that make individuals vulnerable to both conditionsspecifically, abnormal regulation of CRF. […] Studies that improve the knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms controlling regulation of sleep homeostasis, circadian rhythms, physiological hyperarousal, genetics, stress, and cognition are needed to adequately evaluate the causes and mechanisms of insomnia.

• #2 Risk Factors for Insomnia | Sleep Medicine

  https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-56

  The major risk factors for insomnia are advancing age, family history of insomnia, female sex, lifestyle, and stress or worrying. […] Insomnia is a common condition with several risk factors. Some are inherited, while others are the result of aging and/or lifestyle. […] Advancing age: the risk of insomnia increases as you age. […] Family history of insomnia: your genetics can predispose you to insomnia and influence the depth of your sleep. […] Sex: women are more likely to have insomnia than men. […] Lifestyle: certain habits can increase the risk of insomnia. Some examples include taking long naps near bedtime, drinking excessive caffeine or alcohol or inhaling nicotine from smoking, and having an irregular sleep schedule. […] Stress or worry: stress and worry about sleep or daily life can raise the risk of insomnia.

• #2 Insomnia – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia/causes

  Changes in your schedule or environment can cause or raise your risk of insomnia. […] You can develop insomnia at any age but your chances of having it increase as you get older. […] Your genes may raise your risk of insomnia, as insomnia sometimes runs in families. […] The following can disturb your sleep-wake cycle, a pattern that your body uses to figure out when to sleep and when to be awake: Shift or night work, Noise or light during the night, Uncomfortably high or low temperatures. […] Lifestyle habits can raise your risk of sleep problems. […] Stress or worrying about school or work, relationships, money, or the death of a loved one raises your risk of insomnia. […] Insomnia is more common in women than in men.

• #2 Insomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355167

  Insomnia may be the main problem or it may be related to other conditions. […] Long-term insomnia is usually due to stress, life events or habits that disrupt sleep. While treating the cause of your sleep problem may stop your insomnia, sometimes it can last for years. […] Common causes of long-term insomnia include: Stress. Concerns about work, school, health, money or family can keep your mind active at night, making it hard to sleep. Stressful life events, such as the death or illness of a loved one, divorce, or a job loss, also may lead to insomnia. […] Travel or work schedule. Your body’s „internal clock,” known as circadian rhythms, guides things such as your sleep-wake cycle, metabolism and body temperature. Disrupting these rhythms can lead to insomnia. Causes include feeling jet lag from traveling across multiple time zones, working a late or early shift, or changing shifts often.

• #2 Insomnia: Causes and Treatment | Beaufort Memorial

  https://www.bmhsc.org/services/primary-care/common-conditions-services/insomnia

  Insomnia is usually a side effect of another condition or problem. The following are some possible insomnia causes: […] Approximately 50% of insomnia cases result from psychological conditions, such as anxiety and depression, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness. Not only can depression cause insomnia, but lack of sleep can also worsen depression symptoms. […] Asthma, arthritis, chronic back pain, Parkinson’s disease and sinus infections are among the conditions that can directly cause insomnia or create discomfort that keeps you awake. […] If lifestyle changes don’t improve your sleep, speak with your primary care provider about a referral to a sleep specialist. A specialist can conduct a sleep study to determine the cause of your insomnia.

• #2 8 common causes of insomnia & what to do about them – Healthaid

  https://healthaid.lemonaidhealth.com/insomnia/causes-of-insomnia/

  Hyperarousal can be due to psychological reasons such as distress or mental rumination. It can also be due to persistent stressors such as minority stress or lack of safety. Finally, it may arise for physiological reasons. Some studies show elevated heart rate, stress hormones, and metabolism in people with insomnia during all stages of sleep. […] The cognitive model views insomnia as a condition stemming from worry, stress, or rumination. […] As insomnia continues, the anxiety around bedtime can grow. […] Sleep challenges due to substance abuse, medication side effects, or medical conditions aren’t technically insomnia disorders. But they are common causes of insomnia. […] Regardless of the cause, sleep disorders are characterized by distress and impaired functioning. […] Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep or having low-quality sleep despite ample opportunity. […] Some possible insomnia causes include worrying, difficulty relaxing, or ineffective habits.

• #2 Insomnia: Definition, Prevalence, Etiology, and Consequences

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1978319/

  It is estimated that the majority of people with insomnia (approximately 75%90%) have an increased risk for comorbid medical disorders, such as conditions causing hypoxemia and dyspnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, pain conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. […] The most common comorbidities associated with insomnia are psychiatric disorders. It is estimated that 40% of all insomnia patients have a coexisting psychiatric condition. […] It has traditionally been assumed that insomnia is secondary to the psychiatric disorder; however, given the chronicity of insomnia, it is possible that in some, if not most, cases the insomnia precedes the psychiatric disorder. […] The close association of insomnia with depression is likely related to common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for sleep and mood regulation that make the individual vulnerable to both conditions.

• #2 Insomnia: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Types, Medications

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/insomnia/article_em.htm

  Many of the causes of transient and short-term insomnia are similar and they include jet lag, changes in shift work, and more. […] The major causes of chronic or long-term insomnia are usually linked to an underlying psychiatric or physiologic (medical health) condition. […] Insomnia may be caused by a host of different reasons. These causes may be divided into situational factors, medical or psychiatric conditions, or primary sleep problems. […] The majority of causes of chronic or long-term insomnia are usually linked to an underlying psychiatric or physiologic (medical health) condition. […] The most common mental health problems that may lead to insomnia include anxiety, depression, stress (mental, emotional, situational, etc.), schizophrenia, and/or mania (bipolar disorder). […] Insomnia may be an indicator of depression. Many people will have insomnia during the acute phases of a mental illness. As mentioned earlier, depression and anxiety are strongly associated with insomnia and are the most common causes of sleeplessness.

• #2 What Causes Insomnia? 7 Reasons You May Have Trouble Sleeping | Sleep Centers of Middle Tennessee

  https://sleepcenterinfo.com/blog/what-causes-insomnia/

  For people suffering from various forms of anxiety disorders, 24-36 percent also report co-occurring insomnia. […] While medication can be an important part of managing many chronic health conditions including depression and anxiety, some medications may have side effects that negatively impact your sleep quality, or can even cause insomnia. […] Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, but it’s not the only one out there you need to worry about. Sleep apnea, for example, can cause you to stop breathing during the night, as well as cause you to loudly snore because of your obstructed airways. […] If you have sleep apnea and insomnia, treating sleep apnea can often resolve the issue as it works to eliminate the root cause of restlessness.

• #2 Insomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview

  Adjustment insomnia is also known as transient, short-term, or acute insomnia. Causes can be divided into two broad categories: environmental and stress-related. Environmental etiologies include unfamiliarity, excessive noise or light, extremes of temperature, or an uncomfortable bed or mattress. Stress-related etiologies primarily involve life events, such as a new job or school, deadlines or examinations, or deaths of relatives and close friends. […] Primary insomnia begins with a prolonged period of stress in a person with previously adequate sleep. The patient responds to stress with somatized tension and agitation. […] Most chronic psychiatric disorders are associated with sleep disturbances. Depression is most commonly associated with early morning awakenings and an inability to fall back asleep. Conversely, studies have also demonstrated that insomnia can lead to depression: insomnia of more than 1-year duration is associated with an increased risk of depression.

• #2 Insomnia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355167

  Medicines. Many prescription drugs can interfere with sleep, such as certain antidepressants and medicines for asthma or blood pressure. Many medicines available without a prescription, such as some pain medicines, allergy and cold medicines, and weight-loss products, contain caffeine and other stimulants that can disrupt sleep. […] Medical conditions. Examples of conditions linked with insomnia include ongoing pain, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), overactive thyroid, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. […] Sleep-related disorders. Sleep apnea causes you to stop breathing at times during the night, disrupting your sleep. Restless legs syndrome causes a strong uncomfortable urge to move your legs when trying to fall asleep. This may keep you from falling asleep or getting back to sleep.

• #2 Insomnia: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Types, Medications

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/insomnia/article_em.htm

  Physical health causes vary from circadian rhythm disorders (disturbance of the biological clock) and sleep-wake imbalance to a variety of medical conditions. […] The following are the most common medical conditions that trigger insomnia: Chronic pain syndromes, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Congestive heart failure, Nighttime angina (chest pain) from heart disease, Acid reflux disease (GERD), Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Nocturnal asthma (asthma with nighttime breathing symptoms), Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), Degenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, Brain tumors, strokes, or trauma to the brain. […] Certain over-the-counter cold and asthma preparations, Prescribed medications for upper respiratory congestion, Medications prescribed to treat asthma, Steroid medications to treat inflammation, Some medications that treat high blood pressure, Some medications that treat depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. […] Common stimulants associated with poor sleep include caffeine and nicotine. […] Insomnia from acute stresses may require short-term treatment with medications. A doctor will often work toward the lowest effective dose with a short-acting sedative to achieve proper sleep.

• #2 Insomnia Causes

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Psych/Sleep/InsmnCs.htm

  Insomnia Causes, Insomnia Associated Conditions, Organic Insomnia […] Causes […] Medications […] Associated Conditions […] Chronic Medical Disorders […] Endocrine conditions […] Hyperthyroidism […] Diabetes Mellitus (and Nocturia) […] Menopause (and Night Sweats) […] Musculoskeletal conditions […] Joint or Muscle pain (e.g. Osteoarthritis, Fibromyalgia) […] Genitourinary […] Chronic Renal Failure […] Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (and Nocturia) […] Urinary Incontinence […] Cardiopulmonary […] Asthma […] Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) […] Congestive Heart Failure (and Orthopnea) […] Coronary Artery Disease […] Hypertension […] Miscellaneous conditions […] Reflux Esophagitis […] Pruritus due to dermatologic or systemic conditions […] Dementia

• #2 What Causes Insomnia?

  https://sleepdoctor.com/pages/insomnia/causes-of-insomnia

  Another sleep disorder connected with insomnia is restless legs syndrome (RLS). RLS leads to discomfort in the legs. […] Unfortunately, insomnia can occur at the same time as other conditions and sleep disorders. The symptoms can overlap, which makes it tricky to determine whether insomnia itself or underlying issue is the culprit behind your poor sleep.

• #2 What doctors wish patients knew about insomnia | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-insomnia

  Insomnia can also be a symptom of another condition, said Dr. Rosen. That means, I can get into bed, and I feel like I dont sleep straight through the night because there is an underlying condition involved. […] People may have restless leg syndrome at night that may contribute to insomnia. They may have sleep apnea that can contribute to insomnia. They may have a nightmare disorder. They may have anxiety or depression, Dr. Almadhoun said, noting that people who do have depression typically have about a two to three times more likelihood of insomnia. […] Additionally, people who have insomnia also have an elevated risk for depression as well, he said. They go hand in hand, but there are multiple factorsmental and physical healththat can negatively affect sleep. […] Acute insomnia is caused by a stressor.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Causes-of-Sleep-Onset-Insomnia.aspx

  Sleep onset insomnia or acute onset may be traced to various triggers such as sudden changes in lifestyle, the onset of certain short-term stressors, or poor sleep hygiene. This may include a loud or noisy environment, intake of coffee or a large meal shortly before bedtime, or lack of adequate exercise. Using a computer, television, or smartphone in the bedroom may trigger incongruous stimuli which hinder sleep onset. […] Another common factor is anxiety – up to 90 percent of anxious or depressed individuals have some type of sleep disorder, including sleep onset insomnia. This itself causes more anxiety and fear of remaining awake to build up, which further prolongs the sleep onset latency. […] Some medical or psychiatric disorders may also result in sleep-onset insomnia. These include restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements in sleep, obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, congestive cardiac failure, and other circadian disorders which disturb the rhythm of the sleep-wake routine.

• #2 Insomnia Causes

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Psych/Sleep/InsmnCs.htm

  Chronic Pain […] Associated Conditions […] Psychiatric Disorders […] Major Depression […] Anxiety Disorder (including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) […] Bipolar Disorder […] Schizophrenia […] Substance Use Disorder […] Causes […] Sleep Disorders […] Restless Legs Syndrome […] Periodic Limb Movement disorder […] Obstructive Sleep Apnea […] Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder […] Extrinsic (e.g. Shift Work Disorder, Jet Lag, Delayed Sleep Phase) […] Intrinsic (e.g. Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder)

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Insomnia-Causes.aspx

  Aside from anxiety and depression, a number of other mental health problems can affect a persons sleeping pattern and cause insomnia including mood disorders, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia. […] A number of underlying health conditions may also affect sleeping patterns and cause insomnia. […] Poor lifestyle habits such as drinking alcohol, taking drugs, low levels of exercise and even eating too much late at night can affect a persons ability to sleep. […] Certain drugs that are either prescribed or bought over the counter can cause insomnia as a side effect and these include: Some antidepressants, Steroid medications, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Drugs for epilepsy, Drugs for high blood pressure, Stimulants used to treat conditions such as narcolepsy or attention deficit hypersensitivity disorder, Certain asthma treatments.

• #2 Insomnia and Addiction: Understanding the Causes

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/dual-diagnosis/insomnia/

  Addiction to alcohol in insomniacs occurs for a similar reason, as many will use alcohol for its sedative effects in order to induce sleep. […] However, this is an ill-informed decision; the effects of continued alcohol abuse are usually more harmful and detrimental to the natural sleep cycle. […] Alcohol actually exacerbates insomnia symptoms; a vicious cycle of increased alcohol use and ever-worsening insomnia then develops. […] In fact, some studies indicate that alcohol consumption near bedtime interrupts the REM cycle of sleep and never allows the user to get to a state of restorative sleep. […] If you struggle with insomnia and use drugs or alcohol in an attempt to cope, know that you are not alone and help is available. […] Co-occurring sleep disorders and SUDs are treatable, and a multi-disciplinary approach that addresses both disorders has proven to be particularly successful.

• #2 Insomnia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia

  Insomnia is when you have trouble sleeping. Over time, the effects can grow and become severe. Some of the effects become dangerous when insomnia is severe or long-lasting. […] Experts dont fully know why insomnia happens, but the current understanding is that this condition can involve many factors. Some of these factors could be causes or they could simply contribute to it. More research is necessary to understand exactly how and why insomnia happens. […] The factors that could cause or contribute include (but arent limited to) the following: Family history (genetics): Sleep traits and conditions, including insomnia, seem to run in families. Brain activity differences: People with insomnia may have more active brains or brain chemistry differences that affect their ability to sleep. Medical conditions: Your physical health can affect your ability to sleep. This includes temporary illnesses like minor infections or injuries, or chronic conditions like acid reflux or Parkinsons disease. Conditions that affect your circadian rhythm, your bodys natural sleep/wake clock, are also factors. Mental health conditions: About half the people with chronic insomnia also have at least one other mental health condition, like anxiety or depression. Life circumstances: Stressful or difficult life circumstances may not necessarily cause insomnia, but its very common for them to contribute to it. Life changes: Brief or temporary changes are often factors, including jet lag, sleeping in an unfamiliar place or adjusting to a new work schedule (especially shift work). Long-term changes, like moving to a new home, can also affect sleep. Your habits and routine: Your sleep habits (also known as sleep hygiene) can contribute to insomnia. That includes whether or not you take naps, when you go to sleep, if and when you consume caffeine, and other habits.

• #2 Difficulty sleeping (insomnia) – Causes of insomnia

  https://www.ibdrelief.com/learn/complications-of-ibd/introduction2947/causes-of-insomnia

  Insomnia can be triggered by a number of possible factors, including worry and stress, underlying health conditions, and alcohol or drug use. […] Some people develop insomnia after a stressful event, such as a bereavement, problems at work or financial difficulties. […] Having more general worries, for example about work, family or health, are also likely to keep you awake at night. […] A poor sleeping environment can also contribute to insomnia, for instance an uncomfortable bed, or a bedroom that’s too bright, noisy, hot or cold. […] Drinking alcohol before going to bed, and taking certain recreational drugs can affect your sleep, as can stimulants such as nicotine and caffeine. […] Changes to your sleeping patterns can also contribute to insomnia, for example because of shiftwork or changing time zone after a long-haul flight.

• #2 Insomnia | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html

  Insomnia can be acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing). Acute insomnia is common. Common causes include stress at work, family pressures, or a traumatic event. It usually lasts for days or weeks. […] Chronic insomnia lasts for a month or longer. Most cases of chronic insomnia are secondary. This means they are the symptom or side effect of some other problem, such as certain medical conditions, medicines, and other sleep disorders. Substances such as caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol can also be a cause. […] Sometimes chronic insomnia is the primary problem. This means that it is not caused by something else. Its cause is not well understood, but long-lasting stress, emotional upset, travel and shift work can be factors. Primary insomnia usually lasts more than one month. […] Insomnia is common. It affects women more often than men. You can get it at any age, but older adults are more likely to have it. You are also at higher risk of insomnia if you:

• #2 Primary Insomnia: A Lifelong Problem

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/primary-insomnia-lifelong-problem

  Primary insomnia is a decreased ability to fall asleep and/or stay asleep, with resulting daytime effects of sleep deprivation, such as fatigue, dozing off, and irritability. The sleep problems of primary insomnia are not associated with lifestyle habits or a medical or psychiatric cause. […] This type of insomnia is usually idiopathic, although it can be impacted by mild to moderate stress. Primary idiopathic insomnia occurs without any identifiable cause and in the absence of anxiety. […] Primary insomnia has 3 subtypes: idiopathic, stress-related, and SSM. Idiopathic insomnia is truly without any identifiable contributory factor, while stress-related insomnia can be characterized by mild stress, such as rumination or other thoughts throughout the night. […] People who have primary insomnia may be very concerned about the causes and effects of not getting enough sleep, and anxiety about sleep can exacerbate the insomnia.

• #2 Understanding Insomnia: Causes, Symptoms, and Solutions | Fomat Medical

  https://www.fomatmedical.com/news-posts/understanding-insomnia-causes-symptoms-and-solutions/

  Aging: As people age, they may experience changes in their sleep patterns, including difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. […] Its important to note that the causes of insomnia can often be intertwined, and multiple factors may contribute to an individual’s sleep difficulties. Identifying the underlying cause of insomnia is crucial in developing an effective treatment plan. […] Chronic insomnia may be caused by underlying medical conditions, psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, or poor sleep habits. […] Comorbid insomnia refers to insomnia that occurs alongside another medical or psychiatric condition. […] Insomnia itself is not classified as a mental illness, but it is often associated with or influenced by various mental health conditions. […] In cases where insomnia is caused or significantly impacted by an underlying mental health condition, treating the primary condition can help alleviate sleep difficulties.

• #2 Types of Insomnia: Definition, Causes, and Diagnosis

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-insomnia-5226021

  Insomnia can increase your risk of the following complications: High blood pressure, Coronary artery disease, Cancer, Diabetes, Obesity, Stroke, Depression, Injury to yourself or others in an accident as a result of impaired cognitive abilities. […] The type of treatment your healthcare provider recommends depends on the type of insomnia you have and the cause of the problem. The condition is usually resolved when the underlying medical or psychological cause is treated. […] To treat insomnia, you must treat the cause of your sleep problems. Treatment can include cognitive behavioral therapy, medications, and lifestyle changes.

• #2 Insomnia: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9155

  In rare cases, some people may inherit a condition known as fatal familial insomnia. This genetic condition can cause sleep problems and brain damage that eventually lead to death. […] Many different factors can trigger insomnia. These can vary between people and it may not always be possible to identify a clear cause. However, some common causes of insomnia include stress, anxiety, and depression.

• #2 Insomnia: Causes, Symptoms, What to Do When You Can’t Sleep

  https://www.helpguide.org/wellness/sleep/insomnia-causes-and-cures

  Many prescription drugs can interfere with sleep, including antidepressants, stimulants for ADHD, corticosteroids, thyroid hormone, high blood pressure medications, and some contraceptives. […] Insomnia is itself a sleep disorder, but it can also be a symptom of other sleep disorders, including sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and circadian rhythm disturbances tied to jet lag or late-night shift work. […] Some of the things youre doing to cope with insomnia may actually be making the problem worse. […] Treating these underlying problems is essential to resolving your insomnia. […] Its best to use medication only as a last resort, and then, only on a very limited, as-needed basis. […] Evidence shows that lifestyle and behavioral changes make the largest and most lasting difference when it comes to insomnia.

• #3 Insomnia | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/insomnia.html

  Insomnia can be acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing). Acute insomnia is common. Common causes include stress at work, family pressures, or a traumatic event. It usually lasts for days or weeks. […] Chronic insomnia lasts for a month or longer. Most cases of chronic insomnia are secondary. This means they are the symptom or side effect of some other problem, such as certain medical conditions, medicines, and other sleep disorders. Substances such as caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol can also be a cause. […] Sometimes chronic insomnia is the primary problem. This means that it is not caused by something else. Its cause is not well understood, but long-lasting stress, emotional upset, travel and shift work can be factors. Primary insomnia usually lasts more than one month. […] Insomnia is common. It affects women more often than men. You can get it at any age, but older adults are more likely to have it. You are also at higher risk of insomnia if you:

• #3 Insomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview

  In patients with insomnia associated with a medical condition, medical disorders may include chronic pain syndromes from any cause (eg, arthritis, cancer), advanced chronic obstructive lung disease, benign prostatic hypertrophy (because of nocturia), chronic renal disease (especially if on hemodialysis), chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and neurologic disorders. […] Insomnia usually results from an interaction of biological, physical, psychological, and environmental factors. Although transient insomnia can occur in any person, chronic insomnia appears to develop only in a subset of persons who may have an underlying predisposition to insomnia. […] The Spielman model of chronic insomnia posits three components: predisposing factors, precipitating factors, and perpetuating factors. According to this model, predisposing factors may cause the occasional night of poor sleep, but in general, the person sleeps well until a precipitating event (eg, death of a loved one) occurs, which triggers acute insomnia. If bad sleep habits develop or other perpetuating factors set in, the insomnia becomes chronic and will persist even with removal of the precipitating factor.

• #3 Insomnia – Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/insomnia/causes

  Changes in your schedule or environment can cause or raise your risk of insomnia. […] You can develop insomnia at any age but your chances of having it increase as you get older. […] Your genes may raise your risk of insomnia, as insomnia sometimes runs in families. […] The following can disturb your sleep-wake cycle, a pattern that your body uses to figure out when to sleep and when to be awake: Shift or night work, Noise or light during the night, Uncomfortably high or low temperatures. […] Lifestyle habits can raise your risk of sleep problems. […] Stress or worrying about school or work, relationships, money, or the death of a loved one raises your risk of insomnia. […] Insomnia is more common in women than in men.

• #3 Insomnia Causes: Anxiety, Stress, and Caffeine

  https://www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-causes

  Insomnia is a sleep disorder that can make falling or staying asleep difficult. Common causes include stress, taking stimulants, and side effects of medications. […] Depending on the cause, insomnia may go away after a few days or weeks. However, in some cases, it can also become a long-term condition. […] Some common causes for secondary insomnia include the following. […] Worries can often keep your mind active at night and make it difficult for you to fall or stay asleep. […] Depression is a common source of insomnia. People who have depression may find it difficult to fall asleep, or it can often affect sleep patterns. […] Insomnia increases with age as your sleep patterns change. Older adults often have trouble with sustained sleep over an eight-hour period. […] A number of over-the-counter medications can cause insomnia, particularly if they contain caffeine or other stimulants.

• #3 What doctors wish patients knew about insomnia | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-insomnia

  People have genetic predispositions to insomnia, said Dr. Rosen, adding theres a concept called an insomnia threshold. […] Women tend to have more insomnia than men, especially women of postmenopausal age or who are going through menopause, Dr. Almadhoun said. […] You diagnose insomnia clinically, which means you dont need a sleep study for it, said Dr. Almadhoun, noting that someone who does have multiple awakenings per week for multiple months and does have tiredness in the daytime meets clinical criteria for insomnia. […] Acute insomnia, whether you are given a medication for itthat is, a sedative to help you sleepor not, does go away in weeks to months, usually less than three months, said Dr. Rosen, even if you do nothing. […] Insomnia has a really good response rate to behavioral intervention, said Dr. Chediak. About 7080% of those individuals with chronic insomnia who complete a structured cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) program will respond favorably, and they can actually exit insomnia altogether.

• #4 What causes insomnia in women? Plus, how can you better manage it? — Calm Blog

  https://www.calm.com/blog/causes-of-insomnia-in-females

  With all of this in mind, did you know women are 40% more likely to experience insomnia than men? […] Unfortunately, women are more likely than men to struggle with insomnia due to a mix of biological, hormonal, and social factors. […] Hormonal fluctuations: Women experience changes in hormone levels throughout their lives, such as during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. These big fluctuations can affect and disrupt sleep cycles, and are one of the biggest contributors to insomnia in women. […] Mental health problems: Women are also way more likely to experience anxiety or depression than men, and both of these conditions contribute to bad sleep. […] Social and emotional factors: Women may also juggle multiple responsibilities, such as balancing work, family, and caregiving responsibilities, and these demands can add stress, which makes it even harder to get good quality sleep.

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