Bezsenność – Epidemiologia

Bezsenność
Epidemiologia

Bezsenność (insomnia) jest najczęstszym zaburzeniem snu o globalnym rozpowszechnieniu szacowanym na 10-30% populacji dorosłych, z przewlekłą postacią dotykającą 5,5-12% dorosłych w zależności od regionu (np. 12% w USA, 5,5-6,7% w Europie, 16,8% w Amerykach). Częstość występowania wzrasta wraz z wiekiem, jest wyższa u kobiet (około 1,5 raza częściej niż u mężczyzn) oraz u osób o niższym statusie społeczno-ekonomicznym. Szczególnie narażone grupy to osoby starsze (19,6% według DSM), personel wojskowy (4,5-22,8%), pracownicy służby zdrowia (49-52% z objawami, 15-18% z kliniczną bezsennością) oraz studenci (26,4%). Bezsenność współwystępuje z licznymi schorzeniami psychicznymi (lęk, depresja, zaburzenia paniki) i somatycznymi (nadciśnienie, cukrzyca, choroby sercowo-naczyniowe), a jej obecność zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju depresji (RR=2,27; 95% CI: 1,89-2,71) oraz samobójstw, szczególnie wśród weteranów. Niedostateczna długość snu (<7,7 h) u nastolatków wiąże się z trzykrotnie wyższym ryzykiem podwyższonego ciśnienia krwi, a w przypadku bezsenności i krótkiego snu – pięciokrotnie wyższym ryzykiem nadciśnienia 2. stopnia.

Epidemiologia Bezsenności

Bezsenność (insomnia) stanowi najczęstsze zaburzenie snu i jest jednym z najbardziej rozpowszechnionych zaburzeń zdrowia psychicznego na świecie. Badania epidemiologiczne dotyczące bezsenności dostarczają istotnych informacji na temat jej rozpowszechnienia, przebiegu oraz czynników ryzyka, co ma kluczowe znaczenie dla zdrowia publicznego.¹² Pierwsze badanie epidemiologiczne dotyczące bezsenności zostało opublikowane mniej niż 35 lat temu, a od tego czasu dziedzina ta znacząco się rozwinęła, dostarczając ponad 50 badań epidemiologicznych z różnych części świata.³

Rozpowszechnienie bezsenności

Szacuje się, że około 10% populacji osób dorosłych cierpi na zaburzenia bezsenności, a dodatkowe 20% doświadcza okresowych objawów bezsenności.⁴⁵ W badaniach przekrojowych prowadzonych wśród pacjentów ambulatoryjnych, od jednej trzeciej do dwóch trzecich dorosłych zgłasza objawy bezsenności o różnym nasileniu, a około 10-15% cierpi na przewlekłą bezsenność z konsekwencjami w ciągu dnia.⁶

Dane wskazują, że około jedna trzecia dorosłych ma jeden lub więcej objawów trudności z zasypianiem, trudności z utrzymaniem snu i/lub snu nieregenerującego.⁷ Według badań przeprowadzonych w Stanach Zjednoczonych, około 12% Amerykanów zostało zdiagnozowanych z przewlekłą bezsennością.⁸ Natomiast w Europie dane wskazują, że między 5,5% a 6,7% dorosłych doświadcza przewlekłej bezsenności. W Amerykach (Ameryka Północna, Ameryka Łacińska i Karaiby) szacuje się, że około 16,8% (123 miliony) dorosłych jest dotkniętych tym zaburzeniem.⁹

W 2020 roku w USA 14,5% dorosłych miało trudności z zasypianiem w większość dni lub codziennie w ciągu ostatnich 30 dni, a 17,8% dorosłych miało trudności z utrzymaniem snu.¹⁰ Podobne wyniki uzyskano w Korei Południowej, gdzie ponad jedna piąta badanych (22,8%) zgłaszała skargi na bezsenność, przy czym częstość występowania była znacznie wyższa u kobiet (25,3%) niż u mężczyzn (20,2%).¹¹

Trendy epidemiologiczne w bezsenności

Częstość występowania bezsenności wydaje się wzrastać w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Na podstawie danych z National Health Interview Survey, nieskorygowana częstość występowania bezsenności lub problemów ze snem wzrosła o 8% w ciągu dekady, z 17,5% (37,5 miliona dorosłych) w 2002 roku do 19,2% (46,2 miliona dorosłych) w 2012 roku.¹² Między 1993 a 2015 rokiem diagnoza bezsenności podczas wizyt w gabinetach lekarskich w Stanach Zjednoczonych wzrosła 11-krotnie, z 800 000 do 9,4 miliona.¹³

Dane z Departamentu Obrony USA (DOD) za lata 2000-2009 dokumentują 19-krotny wzrost diagnoz bezsenności w ciągu 9-letniego okresu (surowy wskaźnik zapadalności na bezsenność wzrósł z 7,2 do 135,8 przypadków na 10 000 osobolat).¹⁴ Szacunki dotyczące epidemiologii bezsenności różnią się w zależności od zastosowanej definicji, co utrudnia porównanie różnych badań.¹⁵¹⁶

Czynniki ryzyka bezsenności

Główne czynniki ryzyka bezsenności obejmują: zaawansowany wiek, płeć żeńską i niski status społeczno-ekonomiczny.¹⁷¹⁸ Kobiety, osoby starsze i osoby borykające się z trudnościami społeczno-ekonomicznymi są bardziej narażone na bezsenność.¹⁹ Bezsenność występuje około 1,5 razy częściej u kobiet niż u mężczyzn.²⁰

Badania wykazały również, że warunki środowiska społecznego i fizycznego, w których ludzie pracują, bawią się i żyją, są czynnikami wpływającymi na długość snu i ryzyko zaburzeń snu. Objawy bezsenności występują częściej w biedniejszych dzielnicach i tych o wyższym wskaźniku przestępczości. Osoby o niższym statusie społeczno-ekonomicznym oraz osoby kolorowe również mają wyższe wskaźniki bezsenności.²¹

Ponadto do czynników ryzyka należą: historia rodzinna bezsenności, styl życia oraz stres lub zamartwianie się.²² Niektóre są dziedziczone, podczas gdy inne są wynikiem starzenia się i/lub stylu życia.²³

Bezsenność wśród szczególnych grup populacyjnych

Badania wykazują, że bezsenność często występuje wśród określonych grup populacyjnych:

Osoby starsze: Badania wykazały, że częstość występowania bezsenności zwiększa się wraz z wiekiem. W badaniu osób starszych mieszkających w społeczności w wieku około 80 lat, u 43% stwierdzono bezsenność, przy czym czynnikami sprzyjającymi były liczne schorzenia i przyjmowanie wielu leków.²⁴ Metaanaliza wykazała, że łączna częstość występowania zaburzeń bezsenności u osób starszych według DSM wynosi 19,6% i zmienia się w zależności od wielkości próby, zastosowanego punktu odcięcia wieku i jakości badania (ryzyko błędu).²⁵
Personel wojskowy: Aktywny personel wojskowy i weterani są wyjątkowo podatni na bezsenność. Od 2001 roku, kiedy rozpoczął się najdłuższy konflikt zagraniczny w historii USA, bezsenność wśród członków służby wojskowej gwałtownie wzrosła i jest powiązana z rozmieszczeniem i narażeniem na działania bojowe.²⁶ W raporcie RAND na temat snu w wojsku, 48,6% ankietowanego personelu wojskowego miało złą jakość snu, a ostatnie badania wskazują, że częstość występowania bezsenności waha się od 4,5% do 22,8% wśród personelu wojskowego.²⁷
Pracownicy służby zdrowia: Badania wykazały wysokie wskaźniki bezsenności wśród pracowników służby zdrowia w czasie pandemii. Wysokie szacunki częstości występowania stwierdzono zarówno w grupach rozpoczynających pracę, jak i po roku pracy, z objawami bezsenności (52% vs 49%) oraz z rozpoznaniem klinicznej bezsenności (15% vs 18%).²⁸
Studenci: Mimo powszechnie znanego występowania bezsenności wśród studentów, jej związek ze zdrowiem psychicznym pozostaje tematem znacznego zainteresowania. Badania wykazały, że co najmniej jedna czwarta studentów doświadcza bezsenności, a związek między bezsennością a zaburzeniami zdrowia psychicznego jest znaczący.²⁹

Bezsenność i choroby współistniejące

Bezsenność często współwystępuje z innymi schorzeniami, zarówno psychicznymi, jak i fizycznymi. Ma dwukierunkowy wpływ na współistniejące zaburzenia medyczne i psychiczne, szczególnie na depresję.³⁰

Bezsenność a zaburzenia psychiczne

Najczęstsze współchorobowości związane z bezsennością to zaburzenia psychiczne, w tym lęk, depresja, zaburzenie paniki, zaburzenie adaptacyjne, zaburzenia somatyzacyjne i zaburzenia osobowości.³¹ Wskaźniki współwystępowania między bezsennością a lękiem i depresją mogą sięgać nawet 77% w przypadkach klinicznych.³²

Istotne jest to, że bezsenność jest silnym predyktorem wystąpienia depresji.³³ Metaanaliza badań kohortowych wykazała, że bezsenność jest istotnie związana ze zwiększonym ryzykiem depresji, a połączone szacunki (RR=2,27; 95% CI: 1,89-2,71) wskazują, że uczestnicy z bezsennością, w porównaniu do osób bez niej, doświadczali ponad dwukrotnie większego ryzyka rozwoju depresji.³⁴

Bezsenność zwiększa również ryzyko samobójstwa u pacjentów z depresją, a utrzymująca się bezsenność zwiększa ryzyko nawrotu depresji.³⁵ Obecnie uważa się, że bezsenność przyczynia się do epidemii samobójstw wśród weteranów, nasilając depresję i PTSD.³⁶

Bezsenność a schorzenia fizyczne

Niedostateczny sen został powiązany ze złymi wynikami w wielu stanach chorobowych, w tym chorobach sercowo-naczyniowych i naczyniowo-mózgowych, nowotworach, nadciśnieniu i cukrzycy.³⁷ Badania epidemiologiczne powiązały objawy bezsenności z rozwojem innych chorób, w tym cukrzycy typu 2, demencji, udaru i przewlekłej choroby nerek.³⁸

Schorzenia medyczne, które często współwystępują z bezsennością, obejmują zapalenie stawów, nowotwory, nadciśnienie, przewlekły ból, chorobę wieńcową serca i cukrzycę.³⁹ Badanie Sleep in America Survey z 2003 r. przeprowadzone przez National Sleep Foundation wykazało, że 69% respondentów z jednym lub więcej problemami ze snem miało również cztery lub więcej schorzeń medycznych.⁴⁰

U osób z nadciśnieniem częstość występowania bezsenności wynosi około 47,2%, a badania wskazują, że około 75% przypadków bezsenności pozostaje niezdiagnozowanych, co sugeruje, że rozpoznanie bezsenności mogło zostać pominięte u dużej części pacjentów z nadciśnieniem.⁴¹

Bezsenność wśród nastolatków a nadciśnienie

Nastolatkowie, którzy nie wysypiają się w zalecanym wymiarze, mogą być narażeni na zwiększone ryzyko wysokiego ciśnienia krwi. Badania wykazały, że nastolatkowie, którzy spali mniej niż 7,7 godziny w laboratorium snu, byli prawie trzy razy bardziej narażeni na podwyższone ciśnienie krwi niż ich dobrze wypoczęci rówieśnicy.⁴²

Ci, którzy zgłaszali bezsenność i spali mniej niż 7,7 godziny w laboratorium snu, byli pięć razy bardziej narażeni na nadciśnienie 2. stopnia w porównaniu z dobrze wypoczętymi rówieśnikami.⁴³ Badanie nie wykazało istotnego związku między podwyższonym ciśnieniem krwi lub nadciśnieniem 2. stopnia a ryzykiem wśród nastolatków, którzy zgłaszali bezsenność, ale spali 7,7 godziny lub dłużej.⁴⁴

Ekonomiczne i społeczne obciążenie bezsennością

Bezsenność stanowi znaczne obciążenie ekonomiczne dla społeczeństwa, obejmujące zarówno bezpośrednie, jak i pośrednie wydatki.⁴⁵ W Stanach Zjednoczonych bezsenność jest jednym z najczęstszych zaburzeń snu, które powodują znaczne obciążenie dla amerykańskiego systemu opieki zdrowotnej i wrażliwych grup pacjentów.⁴⁶

Łączne bezpośrednie i pośrednie koszty bezsenności w Stanach Zjednoczonych przekraczają 100 miliardów dolarów rocznie.⁴⁷ Bezsenność wiąże się z większym wykorzystaniem opieki zdrowotnej i kosztami, szczególnie u pacjentów ze współistniejącymi zaburzeniami medycznymi lub psychiatrycznymi.⁴⁸

Przewlekła bezsenność niesie również duże obciążenie ekonomiczne, zarówno pod względem bezpośrednich kosztów opieki zdrowotnej, jak i, co ważniejsze, pod względem utraty zasobów ludzkich z powodu choroby i braku leczenia.⁴⁹

Wpływ na jednostki i społeczeństwo

Bezsenność ma znaczący wpływ na jakość życia i funkcjonowanie codzienne. Podczas gdy przejściowa bezsenność powoduje senność i upośledzenie wydajności psychomotorycznej, przewlekła bezsenność wiąże się z absencją, częstymi wypadkami, upośledzeniem pamięci i większym wykorzystaniem opieki zdrowotnej.⁵⁰

Najbardziej konsekwentnym wpływem bezsenności jest wysokie ryzyko depresji.⁵¹ Badania epidemiologiczne pokazują, że nieprawidłowe wzorce snu przewidują niższą oczekiwaną długość życia, a osoby z bezsennością częściej rozwijają zaburzenia afektywne, nadużywanie substancji i inne niekorzystne wyniki zdrowotne.⁵²

Aktywność fizyczna a bezsenność

Istnieje coraz więcej dowodów na to, że regularna aktywność fizyczna może pomóc w zapobieganiu i leczeniu bezsenności. Badanie wykazało, że osoby, które były stale aktywne, miały mniejsze prawdopodobieństwo zgłaszania trudności z zasypianiem (OR 0,60, 95% CI 0,45-0,78), krótkiego czasu snu wynoszącego 6 godzin/noc (OR 0,71, 95% CI 0,59-0,85) i długiego snu trwającego 9 godzin/noc (OR 0,53, 95% CI 0,33-0,84) niż osoby stale nieaktywne.⁵³

Osoby aktywne fizycznie mają mniejsze ryzyko niektórych objawów bezsenności i ekstremalnych długości snu, zarówno długich, jak i krótkich.⁵⁴ Wyniki wskazują, że osoby utrzymujące stały poziom aktywności fizycznej są również mniej narażone na zbyt krótki (≤6 godzin) i zbyt długi (≥9 godzin) sen.⁵⁵

Metody badania epidemiologii bezsenności

Badanie epidemiologii bezsenności napotyka na różne wyzwania metodologiczne, które wpływają na otrzymywane wyniki. Szacunki rozpowszechnienia bezsenności różnią się w zależności od zastosowanej metodologii badawczej i definicji bezsenności.⁵⁶

Wyzwania metodologiczne

Głównym wyzwaniem w ocenie epidemiologii bezsenności jest wyznaczenie granicy między skargami na bezsenność a kliniczną bezsennością.⁵⁷ Dwadzieścia sześć procent ludzi skarży się na trudności z zasypianiem, a 42% skarży się na trudności z utrzymaniem snu przez co najmniej kilka nocy w tygodniu.⁵⁸

Jednak sama skarga na sen nie stanowi o klinicznej bezsenności. Jeśli zachowanie polegające na poszukiwaniu leczenia jest wyznacznikiem znaczenia klinicznego, pojawia się bardziej ograniczony obraz – tylko 13% osób skarżących się na bezsenność szuka profesjonalnej pomocy, chociaż wskaźnik ten wzrasta wraz z nasileniem bezsenności i zaawansowanym wiekiem.⁵⁹

Wykorzystanie ocen wyjściowych i kontrolnych do ustalenia wskaźników zapadalności i remisji może być problematyczne ze względu na szeroki zakres czasu trwania bezsenności (np. pozytywne stwierdzenie bezsenności na początku i po roku obserwacji może odzwierciedlać nieustępującą przewlekłą bezsenność lub 2 epizody przejściowej bezsenności).⁶⁰

Różnice w definicjach bezsenności

Badanie bezsenności napotyka na trudności związane z różnorodnymi definicjami, co potwierdza przegląd badań epidemiologicznych, w których wskaźniki rozpowszechnienia w populacji ogólnej wahały się od 4% do 48% w zależności od zastosowanej definicji.⁶¹

W literaturze zaczyna się pojawiać konsensus, że podstawowe objawy bezsenności obejmują co najmniej jeden objaw snu i jeden objaw czuwania.⁶² Badania potwierdzają kliniczną użyteczność uwzględniania związanego z tym upośledzenia w ciągu dnia, ponieważ osoby zarówno z objawami snu, jak i czuwania częściej szukają leczenia niż te, które zgłaszają same objawy snu.⁶³

Międzynarodowa Klasyfikacja Chorób ICD-11 definiuje zaburzenie bezsenności jako charakteryzujące się uporczywymi trudnościami z zasypianiem, długością, konsolidacją lub jakością snu, które występują pomimo odpowiednich możliwości i okoliczności do snu, i powodują jakąś formę upośledzenia funkcjonowania w ciągu dnia.⁶⁴

Wykorzystanie elektronicznej dokumentacji medycznej

W ostatnich dziesięcioleciach nastąpił szybki wzrost wykorzystania elektronicznej dokumentacji medycznej (EHR) w badaniach zdrowia populacji.⁶⁵ Jednak do tej pory badania EHR dotyczące rozpowszechnienia bezsenności są ograniczone.⁶⁶

Jedno z badań wykazało, że w dużej próbie kody objawów bezsenności w podstawowej opiece zdrowotnej obejmują tylko niewielką część osób doświadczających objawów bezsenności w populacji.⁶⁷ W badaniu przeprowadzonym w Anglii stwierdzono, że 29% próby zgłaszało objawy bezsenności, podczas gdy tylko 6% miało kod Read dla objawów bezsenności w swojej dokumentacji podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej.⁶⁸

Mimo to EHR stanowią cenne źródło danych do badania bezsenności, oferując klinicznie znaczące miary rozpowszechnienia bezsenności, obiektywny wgląd w ciężką bezsenność, duże wielkości próby i dane podłużne.⁶⁹

Region	Rozpowszechnienie bezsenności	Szczególne cechy
Globalnie	10-30% populacji ogólnej	Wyższe rozpowszechnienie wśród kobiet i osób starszych
Stany Zjednoczone	12% z rozpoznaniem przewlekłej bezsenności; 30-40% z objawami bezsenności w ciągu roku	Wzrost diagnoz o 11-krotność między 1993-2015
Europa	5,5-6,7% dorosłych z przewlekłą bezsennością	Zróżnicowanie między krajami
Ameryki (Północna, Łacińska, Karaiby)	16,8% dorosłych (ok. 123 miliony)	Wyższe wskaźniki niż w Europie
Korea Południowa	22,8% populacji ogólnej	25,3% kobiet vs 20,2% mężczyzn
Wśród osób starszych	19,6% (metaanaliza wg kryteriów DSM)	Zmienność zależna od wieku, wielkości próby i metodologii
Wśród personelu wojskowego	4,5-22,8%	Gwałtowny wzrost od 2001 roku
Wśród pracowników służby zdrowia (w czasie pandemii)	49-52% z objawami; 15-18% z kliniczną bezsennością	Wysoki poziom wypalenia zawodowego
Wśród studentów	26,4%	Silna korelacja z zaburzeniami psychicznymi

Implikacje dla zdrowia publicznego

Bezsenność jest istotnym problemem zdrowia publicznego, który powinien być rozwiązywany zarówno na poziomie indywidualnym poprzez odpowiednią opiekę kliniczną, jak i na poziomie populacyjnym poprzez interwencje na dużą skalę w zakresie zdrowia snu.⁷⁰⁷¹

Strategie profilaktyki i interwencji

Istnieje znacząca luka między potrzebami a faktycznym rozpoznawaniem i leczeniem bezsenności. Niestety, pomimo wysokiego rozpowszechnienia, zaburzenia snu pozostają słabo identyfikowane; mniej niż 20% osób z bezsennością jest prawidłowo zdiagnozowanych i leczonych.⁷²

Badanie Ohayon i Hong przeprowadzone w populacji ogólnej Korei Południowej ilustruje ten aspekt. Stwierdzili oni, że 5% ich próby ma rozpoznanie zaburzeń bezsenności, ale tylko 6% z nich szukało pomocy medycznej z powodu bezsenności.⁷³

Biorąc pod uwagę częste współwystępowanie bezsenności z innymi schorzeniami, lekarze podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej powinni traktować sen jako istotny parametr życiowy i rutynowo prowadzić badania przesiewowe w kierunku bezsenności.⁷⁴ Zaburzenie bezsenności to nie tylko problem w nocy. Ma ono głęboki negatywny wpływ na funkcjonowanie w ciągu dnia i ogólny stan zdrowia, a często jest niedostatecznie zgłaszane w placówkach podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej.⁷⁵

Kierunki przyszłych badań

Najwyższe priorytety dla przyszłych badań to standardowa definicja bezsenności, badania podłużne oraz większa uwaga poświęcana monitorowaniu współchorobowości psychologicznej i medycznej, pochodzeniu etnicznym i zmiennym genetycznym.⁷⁶

Ustalenia te mają bezpośrednie implikacje dla programów profilaktyki i interwencji opartych na społeczności oraz dla przyszłych badań, w tym potrzeby: a) podłużnych badań populacyjnych mających na celu ocenę, czy możemy zapobiec bezsenności wśród osób z grupy ryzyka; b) badań klinicznych oceniających, czy zachorowalność związana z przewlekłą bezsennością jest odwracalna; oraz c) prospektywnych ocen ekonomicznych programów profilaktycznych wykorzystujących różne technologie upowszechniania.⁷⁷

Istnieje rosnący konsensus co do skuteczności terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej bezsenności (CBT-I) jako jednego z najbardziej skutecznych leczenia pierwszego rzutu bezsenności.⁷⁸ Skuteczność CBT-I jest udowodniona jako równie skuteczna jak leki nasenne w stanach ostrych i leki nasenne w perspektywie długoterminowej.⁷⁹

Dane epidemiologiczne sugerują, że wysiłki polityczne powinny być skierowane na programy profilaktyki pierwotnej i wtórnej, które wzmacniają interwencje edukacyjne dotyczące snu, szczególnie wśród pracujących studentów i osób z chorobami psychicznymi.⁸⁰

Znaczenie nadzoru epidemiologicznego

Epidemiologia dostarcza cennych informacji dotyczących naturalnej ewolucji zaburzeń snu. Obecnie jednak istnieje niewiele takich badań.⁸¹ Badania epidemiologiczne są również przydatne do określenia norm harmonogramu snu i czuwania w populacji ogólnej. Odchylenia od tych norm stanowią nieprawidłowości, które wymagają dalszego zbadania.⁸²

Wysokie wskaźniki rozpowszechnienia bezsenności i nadmiernej senności wyraźnie wskazują, że jest to główny problem zdrowia publicznego wymagający inicjatyw edukacyjnych i prewencyjnych oraz uzasadniający większą uwagę ze strony władz zdrowotnych.⁸³

Dane epidemiologiczne wskazują, że bezsenność jest istotnym problemem zdrowia publicznego. Jest to stan bardzo rozpowszechniony, zarówno jako objaw, jak i zespół, i często jest to stan trwały w czasie. Jego trwałość wiąże się ze zwiększonym ryzykiem problemów zdrowia psychicznego (duża depresja), fizycznego (nadciśnienie) i zawodowego (niepełnosprawność).⁸⁴

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

Materiały źródłowe

#1 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
Chronic, clinically significant insomnia approaches 10% prevalence, and moderately frequent insomnia symptoms appear in a much larger number of persons. […] Advancing age, female gender, and low socioeconomic status are the strongest insomnia correlates. […] Some variant of hyperarousal is a broadly recognized candidate accounting for insomnia risk factors. […] Precise mechanisms and causal paths with respect to insomnia correlates and risk factors are poorly understood. […] The highest priorities for future research are a standard definition of insomnia, longitudinal studies, and more attention to monitoring psychological and medical comorbidity, ethnicity, and genetic variables. […] Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder and is among the most prevalent of all mental health disorders.
#2 Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk Factors, and Public Health Burden. | Read by QxMD
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35659072/epidemiology-of-insomnia-prevalence-course-risk-factors-and-public-health-burden?redirected=slug
Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk Factors, and Public Health Burden. This article summarizes epidemiologic evidence on insomnia, including the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors, as well as its course and consequences. Approximately 10% of the adult population suffers from an insomnia disorder and another 20% experiences occasional insomnia symptoms. Women, older adults, and people with socioeconomic hardship are more vulnerable to insomnia. Insomnia is often a chronic condition, with a 40% persistence rate over a 5-year period. Insomnia is a significant public health problem that should be addressed at the individual level with appropriate clinical care and at the population level with large-scale sleep health interventions.
#3 Epidemiology of Insomnia: the confusion between symptoms and diagnosis is the rule
https://sleepeval.com/dyssomnia/insomnia_epidemiology.html
The first epidemiological study on insomnia was published less than 35 years ago. From that time, the field has flourished and one can find more than 50 epidemiological studies on insomnia from different parts of the world. […] In early years of insomnia epidemiology, researchers came up with very high prevalence of insomnia symptomatology (up to 40% of the population in some studies). Narrower definitions in terms of severity and frequency of insomnia decreased the prevalence to 15-20% of the population. […] Consequently epidemiologists are using different definitions that lead to different prevalence figures and render very difficult the comparison between the different studies. […] Epidemiological studies are also useful to determine sleep-wake schedule norms in the general population. Deviations from these norms represent abnormalities that need to be further investigated.
#4 Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk Factors, and Public Health Burden – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35659072/
This article summarizes epidemiologic evidence on insomnia, including the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors, as well as its course and consequences. Approximately 10% of the adult population suffers from an insomnia disorder and another 20% experiences occasional insomnia symptoms. […] Insomnia is often a chronic condition, with a 40% persistence rate over a 5-year period. Insomnia is a significant public health problem that should be addressed at the individual level with appropriate clinical care and at the population level with large-scale sleep health interventions.
#5 Insomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview
Studies indicate that approximately 12% of Americans have been diagnosed with chronic insomnia. […] Globally, about 10% of adults suffer from insomnia disorders, with an additional 20% experiencing occasional insomnia symptoms. Women, older adults, and individuals facing socioeconomic challenges are more susceptible to developing insomnia. […] Insomnia often follows a chronic course, with studies showing a 40% persistence rate over a five-year period. Each year, approximately 25% of Americans experience acute insomnia; however, about 75% of these cases resolve without progressing to chronic insomnia. […] The prevalence of insomnia varies across regions. In Europe, data indicates that between 5.5% and 6.7% of adults experience chronic insomnia. […] In the Americas (Northern America, Latin America, and the Caribbean) an estimated 16.8% (123 million) of adults are affected.
#6 Risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of insomnia in adults – UpToDate
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/risk-factors-comorbidities-and-consequences-of-insomnia-in-adults
Insomnia is a common medical complaint that generates over five million office visits per year in the United States alone. […] Prevalence estimates vary according to the study design and definition of insomnia used. In cross-sectional surveys of ambulatory patients, one-third to two-thirds of adults report insomnia symptoms of any severity, and approximately 10 to 15 percent have chronic insomnia with daytime consequences. […] Approximately one-third of adults have one or more symptoms of trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, and/or nonrestorative sleep.
#7 Risk factors, comorbidities, and consequences of insomnia in adults – UpToDate
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/risk-factors-comorbidities-and-consequences-of-insomnia-in-adults
Insomnia is a common medical complaint that generates over five million office visits per year in the United States alone. […] Prevalence estimates vary according to the study design and definition of insomnia used. In cross-sectional surveys of ambulatory patients, one-third to two-thirds of adults report insomnia symptoms of any severity, and approximately 10 to 15 percent have chronic insomnia with daytime consequences. […] Approximately one-third of adults have one or more symptoms of trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, and/or nonrestorative sleep.
#8 Insomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview
Studies indicate that approximately 12% of Americans have been diagnosed with chronic insomnia. […] Globally, about 10% of adults suffer from insomnia disorders, with an additional 20% experiencing occasional insomnia symptoms. Women, older adults, and individuals facing socioeconomic challenges are more susceptible to developing insomnia. […] Insomnia often follows a chronic course, with studies showing a 40% persistence rate over a five-year period. Each year, approximately 25% of Americans experience acute insomnia; however, about 75% of these cases resolve without progressing to chronic insomnia. […] The prevalence of insomnia varies across regions. In Europe, data indicates that between 5.5% and 6.7% of adults experience chronic insomnia. […] In the Americas (Northern America, Latin America, and the Caribbean) an estimated 16.8% (123 million) of adults are affected.
#9 Insomnia: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview
Studies indicate that approximately 12% of Americans have been diagnosed with chronic insomnia. […] Globally, about 10% of adults suffer from insomnia disorders, with an additional 20% experiencing occasional insomnia symptoms. Women, older adults, and individuals facing socioeconomic challenges are more susceptible to developing insomnia. […] Insomnia often follows a chronic course, with studies showing a 40% persistence rate over a five-year period. Each year, approximately 25% of Americans experience acute insomnia; however, about 75% of these cases resolve without progressing to chronic insomnia. […] The prevalence of insomnia varies across regions. In Europe, data indicates that between 5.5% and 6.7% of adults experience chronic insomnia. […] In the Americas (Northern America, Latin America, and the Caribbean) an estimated 16.8% (123 million) of adults are affected.
#10 Products – Data Briefs – Number 436 – June 2022
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db436.htm
In 2020, 14.5% of adults had trouble falling asleep most days or every day in the past 30 days. […] A greater percentage of non-Hispanic White (21.0%) adults had trouble staying asleep most days or every day in the past 30 days compared with non-Hispanic Black (15.4%), Hispanic (10.6%), and non-Hispanic Asian (8.7%) adults. […] In 2020, 17.8% of adults had trouble staying asleep most days or every day in the past 30 days. […] Women (20.7%) were more likely than men (14.7%) to have trouble staying asleep. […] Overall, 14.5% of adults had trouble falling asleep and 17.8% of adults had trouble staying asleep. […] Sleep difficulties varied by race and ethnicity, with non-Hispanic Asian adults having less trouble falling and staying asleep and non-Hispanic White adults having more trouble staying asleep. […] In addition, similar patterns for both falling asleep and staying asleep were seen by family income as well as urbanization level. Sleep difficulties decreased as income and urbanization level increased.
#11 Epidemiology of Insomnia in Korean Adults: Prevalence and Associated Factors
https://www.thejcn.com/search.php?where=aview&id=10.3988/jcn.2009.5.1.20&code=0145JCN&vmode=PUBREADER
Insomnia is a common complaint in adults. However, large epidemiologic studies of insomnia involving Asian populations are rarely reported. We performed an epidemiologic study of insomnia in a large Korean adult population. […] More than one fifth (n=1,141, 22.8%) of the 5,000 subjects complained of insomnia, with the prevalence being significantly higher in women (25.3%) than in men (20.2%, p0.001). Logistic regression revealed that the prevalence of insomnia increased significantly with age (p0.001), being higher in those aged 60-69 years than in those aged 20-29 years (OR=2.368, 95% CI=1.762-3.182, p0.001), and was lower in those with a monthly income of 4.5 million Korean won than in those with an income of 1.5 million Korean won (OR=0.689, 95% CI=0.523-0.906, p0.01). […] Insomnia is a common complaint in Korean adults, and its prevalence is similar to that in adults in Western countries.
#12 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
More than one-half of adults had difficulty sleeping, and 22.1% met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition diagnostic criteria for insomnia. […] The prevalence of insomnia based on other diagnostic criteria in place at the time was 14.7% for ICSD-2 and 3.9% for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. […] Approximately 30% to 40% of adults in the United States report symptoms of insomnia at some point in a given year. […] The incidence of insomnia appears to be increasing in the United States. […] Based on National Health Interview Survey data, the unadjusted prevalence of insomnia or trouble sleeping increased by 8% over a decade, from 17.5% (37.5 million adults) in 2002 to 19.2% (46.2 million adults) in 2012.
#13 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
Insomnia, whether short-term or chronic, is a common condition. […] The first part of this article reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of insomnia with a focus on vulnerable patient groups. […] Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, is a substantial burden for the US healthcare system and vulnerable patient groups. […] Combined direct and indirect costs for insomnia in the United States exceed $100 billion annually. […] Between 1993 and 2015, the diagnosis of insomnia during office visits in the United States increased 11-fold, from 800,000 to 9.4 million. […] Further, insomnia is linked to higher healthcare utilization and costs, especially in patients with coexisting medical or psychiatric disorders, illustrating why it is an important managed care issue. […] The burden of insomnia in the United States was extensively characterized in 2008-2009 by the American Insomnia Survey, a nationwide survey of more than 10,000 members in a national health plan.
#14 Incidence and Management of Chronic Insomnia, Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2012 to 2021 | Health.mil
https://www.health.mil/News/Articles/2023/01/01/Chronic-Insomnia-MSMR-Vol30-No1
Department of Defense (DOD) medical surveillance data for the period 2000 through 2009 document a 19-fold increase in insomnia diagnoses over the 9-year period (crude incidence rate of insomnia increased from 7.2 to 135.8 cases per 10,000 person years [p-yrs]). […] The evidence-based management pathways outlined in the Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline should be promoted to mitigate the negative consequences of chronic insomnia. […] The incidence rate of chronic insomnia remained relatively stable over the 10-year period. […] Among the services, the Army consistently had the highest rates of chronic insomnia (a finding consistent with prior reports). […] The findings of this study highlight a gap between the VA/DOD CPG recommendations for management of chronic insomnia and current MHS clinical practice.
#15 Epidemiology of Insomnia: the confusion between symptoms and diagnosis is the rule
https://sleepeval.com/dyssomnia/insomnia_epidemiology.html
The first epidemiological study on insomnia was published less than 35 years ago. From that time, the field has flourished and one can find more than 50 epidemiological studies on insomnia from different parts of the world. […] In early years of insomnia epidemiology, researchers came up with very high prevalence of insomnia symptomatology (up to 40% of the population in some studies). Narrower definitions in terms of severity and frequency of insomnia decreased the prevalence to 15-20% of the population. […] Consequently epidemiologists are using different definitions that lead to different prevalence figures and render very difficult the comparison between the different studies. […] Epidemiological studies are also useful to determine sleep-wake schedule norms in the general population. Deviations from these norms represent abnormalities that need to be further investigated.
#16 Insomnia symptom prevalence in England: a comparison of cross-sectional self-reported data and primary care records in the UK Biobank | BMJ Open
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/5/e080479
We aimed to use a large dataset to compare self-reported and primary care measures of insomnia symptom prevalence in England and establish whether they identify participants with similar characteristics. […] We found that 29% of the sample self-reported having insomnia symptoms, while only 6% had a Read code for insomnia symptoms in their primary care records. […] Only a small proportion of individuals experiencing insomnia symptoms have an insomnia symptom Read code in their primary care record. However, primary care data do provide a clinically meaningful measure of insomnia prevalence. […] Further studies should replicate our findings in other populations and examine ways to increase discussions about sleep health in primary care. […] Estimates of insomnia prevalence differ depending on the definition used.
#17 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
Chronic, clinically significant insomnia approaches 10% prevalence, and moderately frequent insomnia symptoms appear in a much larger number of persons. […] Advancing age, female gender, and low socioeconomic status are the strongest insomnia correlates. […] Some variant of hyperarousal is a broadly recognized candidate accounting for insomnia risk factors. […] Precise mechanisms and causal paths with respect to insomnia correlates and risk factors are poorly understood. […] The highest priorities for future research are a standard definition of insomnia, longitudinal studies, and more attention to monitoring psychological and medical comorbidity, ethnicity, and genetic variables. […] Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder and is among the most prevalent of all mental health disorders.
#18 Risk Factors for Insomnia | Sleep Medicine
https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-56
The major risk factors for insomnia are advancing age, family history of insomnia, female sex, lifestyle, and stress or worrying. […] Insomnia is a common condition with several risk factors. Some are inherited, while others are the result of aging and/or lifestyle. […] The social and physical environmental conditions in which people work, play, and live are factors that influence sleep duration and risk of sleep disturbances. Insomnia symptoms occur more frequently in poorer neighborhoods and those with higher crime rates. […] Individuals with lower socioeconomic status and persons of color also have higher rates of insomnia. A major factors explaining this finding are health disparities, e.g., higher likelihood of other health conditions and living in poorer neighborhoods.
#19 Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk Factors, and Public Health Burden. | Read by QxMD
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35659072/epidemiology-of-insomnia-prevalence-course-risk-factors-and-public-health-burden?redirected=slug
Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk Factors, and Public Health Burden. This article summarizes epidemiologic evidence on insomnia, including the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors, as well as its course and consequences. Approximately 10% of the adult population suffers from an insomnia disorder and another 20% experiences occasional insomnia symptoms. Women, older adults, and people with socioeconomic hardship are more vulnerable to insomnia. Insomnia is often a chronic condition, with a 40% persistence rate over a 5-year period. Insomnia is a significant public health problem that should be addressed at the individual level with appropriate clinical care and at the population level with large-scale sleep health interventions.
#20
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11920-018-0940-9
Insomnia is approximately 1.5 times more common in women than in men. […] Precisely understanding the symptomatology and pathological mechanisms underlying sex differences is important for prevention and providing appropriate interventions. […] Future studies utilizing prospective, longitudinal designs are needed to understand the interactions of various factors that can explain existing sex differences in insomnia. […] Epidemiology of insomnia: prevalence, self-help treatments, consultations, and determinants of help-seeking behaviors. […] Nationally representative sample to demonstrate sex differences in insomnia among US adolescents. […] Large-scale study demonstrating sex differences in insomnia symptoms emerge after late puberty. […] Community-based study to demonstrate the association of insomnia with increased cortisol awakening response, with some sex- and pubertal-specific effects. […] A large-scale study identifying factors associated with poor sleep during the menopausal transition.
#21 Risk Factors for Insomnia | Sleep Medicine
https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-56
The major risk factors for insomnia are advancing age, family history of insomnia, female sex, lifestyle, and stress or worrying. […] Insomnia is a common condition with several risk factors. Some are inherited, while others are the result of aging and/or lifestyle. […] The social and physical environmental conditions in which people work, play, and live are factors that influence sleep duration and risk of sleep disturbances. Insomnia symptoms occur more frequently in poorer neighborhoods and those with higher crime rates. […] Individuals with lower socioeconomic status and persons of color also have higher rates of insomnia. A major factors explaining this finding are health disparities, e.g., higher likelihood of other health conditions and living in poorer neighborhoods.
#22 Risk Factors for Insomnia | Sleep Medicine
https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-56
The major risk factors for insomnia are advancing age, family history of insomnia, female sex, lifestyle, and stress or worrying. […] Insomnia is a common condition with several risk factors. Some are inherited, while others are the result of aging and/or lifestyle. […] The social and physical environmental conditions in which people work, play, and live are factors that influence sleep duration and risk of sleep disturbances. Insomnia symptoms occur more frequently in poorer neighborhoods and those with higher crime rates. […] Individuals with lower socioeconomic status and persons of color also have higher rates of insomnia. A major factors explaining this finding are health disparities, e.g., higher likelihood of other health conditions and living in poorer neighborhoods.
#23 Risk Factors for Insomnia | Sleep Medicine
https://sleep.hms.harvard.edu/education-training/public-education/sleep-and-health-education-program/sleep-health-education-56
The major risk factors for insomnia are advancing age, family history of insomnia, female sex, lifestyle, and stress or worrying. […] Insomnia is a common condition with several risk factors. Some are inherited, while others are the result of aging and/or lifestyle. […] The social and physical environmental conditions in which people work, play, and live are factors that influence sleep duration and risk of sleep disturbances. Insomnia symptoms occur more frequently in poorer neighborhoods and those with higher crime rates. […] Individuals with lower socioeconomic status and persons of color also have higher rates of insomnia. A major factors explaining this finding are health disparities, e.g., higher likelihood of other health conditions and living in poorer neighborhoods.
#24 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
Insomnia occurs in 30% to 65% of patients with chronic TBI symptoms. […] A key concern for clinicians is that insomnia strongly predicts the occurrence of depression. […] Insomnia increases the risk of suicide in depressed patients, and persistent insomnia also increases the risk of depression relapse. […] Vasomotor symptoms are an important precipitating factor for chronic insomnia in peri- and postmenopausal women. […] The prevalence of insomnia was 43% in community-living persons aged in their mid-80s with a burden of medical conditions and taking multiple medications. […] Insomnia is a heterogenous and almost ubiquitous disorder with unique predisposing and precipitating factors in vulnerable patient groups. […] Successful management requires that managed care clinicians understand the factors that drive insomnia in these groups.
#25
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41999-023-00862-2
The pooled prevalence of insomnia disorder in older persons according to the DSM was 19.6%, and varied according to the sample size, the age cutoff used, and the study quality (risk of bias). […] Insomnia in older persons is associated with the female gender, depression, anxiety, as well as cardiovascular, respiratory, and painful conditions. […] Nearly one in every five old individuals was considered to have insomnia disorder, which was associated with the gender and the existence of mental health and/or somatic conditions.
#26 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
Insufficient sleep has been linked to poor outcomes across many disease states, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. […] Epidemiologic studies have linked insomnia symptoms to the development of other diseases, including type 2 diabetes, dementia, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. […] Insomnia has bidirectional effects with coexisting medical and mental disorders, especially depression. […] Active military personnel and veterans are extremely vulnerable to insomnia. […] Since 2001, when the longest overseas conflict in US history began, insomnia in military service members has skyrocketed and has been linked to deployment and combat exposure. […] The current thinking is that insomnia helps drive the suicide epidemic in veterans by exacerbating depression and PTSD.
#27 Incidence and Management of Chronic Insomnia, Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2012 to 2021 | Health.mil
https://www.health.mil/News/Articles/2023/01/01/Chronic-Insomnia-MSMR-Vol30-No1
The Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline (VA/DOD CPG) provides evidence-based management pathways to mitigate the negative consequences of common sleep disorders among service members (SMs). […] This retrospective cohort study estimated the incidence of chronic insomnia in active component military members from 2012 through 2021 and the percentage of SMs receiving VA/DOD CPG-recommended insomnia treatments. […] Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the U.S., with 20% to 30% of adults reporting at least 1 symptom of insomnia and an estimated 6% to 10% meeting diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia. […] In a RAND report on sleep in the military, 48.6% of military personnel surveyed had poor sleep quality, and recent studies have reported the prevalence of insomnia as ranging from 4.5% to 22.8% among military personnel.
#28 Trends in Insomnia, Burnout, and Functional Impairment among Health Care Providers over the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
https://clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com/VOLUME/18/ELOCATOR/e174501792206200/
This study assessed the trends in prevalence and predictors of insomnia, burnout, and functional impairment among HCPs over the first year of the pandemic. […] High prevalence estimates were found in both onset and one-year groups of symptoms of insomnia (52% vs. 49%), of diagnosis of clinical insomnia (15% vs. 18%), with a high mean ISI score (8.4 vs. 8.7), but with no significant difference between the onset and one-year groups. […] This study demonstrated high rates of insomnia, burnout, and functional impairment among HCPs during the pandemic. […] The findings of this study would be of interest to health care policymakers and administrators. […] The current study aims to look at the influence of the pandemic on the HCPs quality of life measures by investigating the trend in the prevalence and risk factors of insomnia, job burnout, and functional impairment over the first year of the pandemic.
#29 Psychosocial Correlates of Insomnia Among College Students
https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/22_0060.htm
Despite the well-known prevalence of insomnia among college students, its association with mental health remains a topic of considerable interest, particularly among this vulnerable population constantly adapting to the demands of the academic world. […] We show that at least a quarter of college students experience insomnia, and we uncover its predominant association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and depression. […] The implications demand a serious consideration of mental health during attempts to improve students sleep quality. […] This study showed an association between insomnia and mental health conditions among college students. […] Policy efforts should be directed toward primary and secondary prevention programs that enforce sleep education interventions, particularly among employed college students and those with mental illnesses.
#30 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
Insufficient sleep has been linked to poor outcomes across many disease states, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. […] Epidemiologic studies have linked insomnia symptoms to the development of other diseases, including type 2 diabetes, dementia, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. […] Insomnia has bidirectional effects with coexisting medical and mental disorders, especially depression. […] Active military personnel and veterans are extremely vulnerable to insomnia. […] Since 2001, when the longest overseas conflict in US history began, insomnia in military service members has skyrocketed and has been linked to deployment and combat exposure. […] The current thinking is that insomnia helps drive the suicide epidemic in veterans by exacerbating depression and PTSD.
#31 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
The overall prevalence of insomnia, weighted by gender and age, was 15.9%. […] This rate is higher than expected based on Ohayon’s documentation of the decrease in rate with increased methodological rigor. […] The reason underlying the difference in rates between the 4% to 6% rates found in studies using DSM-IV-TR criteria and the approximately 16% rate found in this study using empirically based quantitative criteria and prospective assessment is unclear. […] Comorbid insomnia is an important topic that has not received much attention in the epidemiology literature. […] Greater focus on comorbid insomnia in the epidemiology literature is warranted because of its common occurrence, potentially accounting for up to 90% of insomnia in the general population. […] The most common comorbidities associated with insomnia are psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, panic disorder, adjustment disorder, somatoform disorders, and personality disorders.
#32 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
Comorbidity rates between insomnia and psychiatric distress, particularly anxiety and depression, have been found to be as high as 77% in clinical cases. […] However, epidemiologic studies examining the association between clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression and insomnia in the general population have revealed lower rates. […] Medical conditions that commonly co-occur with insomnia include arthritis, cancer, hypertension, chronic pain, coronary heart disease, and diabetes. […] The 2003 National Sleep Foundation’s Sleep in America Survey found that 69% of respondents with one or more sleep problems also had four or more medical conditions.
#33 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
Insomnia occurs in 30% to 65% of patients with chronic TBI symptoms. […] A key concern for clinicians is that insomnia strongly predicts the occurrence of depression. […] Insomnia increases the risk of suicide in depressed patients, and persistent insomnia also increases the risk of depression relapse. […] Vasomotor symptoms are an important precipitating factor for chronic insomnia in peri- and postmenopausal women. […] The prevalence of insomnia was 43% in community-living persons aged in their mid-80s with a burden of medical conditions and taking multiple medications. […] Insomnia is a heterogenous and almost ubiquitous disorder with unique predisposing and precipitating factors in vulnerable patient groups. […] Successful management requires that managed care clinicians understand the factors that drive insomnia in these groups.
#34 Insomnia and the risk of depression: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies | BMC Psychiatry | Full Text
https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-016-1075-3
The results of this meta-analysis of 34 prospective cohort studies showed that insomnia was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression. […] The pooled estimates (RR=2.27; 95 % CI: 1.89-2.71) indicated that participants with insomnia, compared to those free of it, experienced more than two-fold risk to develop depression. […] Our findings were approximately consistent with those from the meta-analysis by Baglioni et al. in 2011, which also showed that sleep difficulty was significantly associated with depression. […] The current meta-analysis showed that the increased risk was more pronounced for participants from the United States than for European participants. […] Based on our findings, we suggest that future research in this field is warranted, especially the long-term prospective cohort studies about the association between individual insomnia symptoms and depression. […] In conclusion, this meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that insomnia is associated with an increased risk of depression.
#35 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
Insomnia occurs in 30% to 65% of patients with chronic TBI symptoms. […] A key concern for clinicians is that insomnia strongly predicts the occurrence of depression. […] Insomnia increases the risk of suicide in depressed patients, and persistent insomnia also increases the risk of depression relapse. […] Vasomotor symptoms are an important precipitating factor for chronic insomnia in peri- and postmenopausal women. […] The prevalence of insomnia was 43% in community-living persons aged in their mid-80s with a burden of medical conditions and taking multiple medications. […] Insomnia is a heterogenous and almost ubiquitous disorder with unique predisposing and precipitating factors in vulnerable patient groups. […] Successful management requires that managed care clinicians understand the factors that drive insomnia in these groups.
#36 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
Insufficient sleep has been linked to poor outcomes across many disease states, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. […] Epidemiologic studies have linked insomnia symptoms to the development of other diseases, including type 2 diabetes, dementia, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. […] Insomnia has bidirectional effects with coexisting medical and mental disorders, especially depression. […] Active military personnel and veterans are extremely vulnerable to insomnia. […] Since 2001, when the longest overseas conflict in US history began, insomnia in military service members has skyrocketed and has been linked to deployment and combat exposure. […] The current thinking is that insomnia helps drive the suicide epidemic in veterans by exacerbating depression and PTSD.
#37 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
Insufficient sleep has been linked to poor outcomes across many disease states, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. […] Epidemiologic studies have linked insomnia symptoms to the development of other diseases, including type 2 diabetes, dementia, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. […] Insomnia has bidirectional effects with coexisting medical and mental disorders, especially depression. […] Active military personnel and veterans are extremely vulnerable to insomnia. […] Since 2001, when the longest overseas conflict in US history began, insomnia in military service members has skyrocketed and has been linked to deployment and combat exposure. […] The current thinking is that insomnia helps drive the suicide epidemic in veterans by exacerbating depression and PTSD.
#38 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
Insufficient sleep has been linked to poor outcomes across many disease states, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. […] Epidemiologic studies have linked insomnia symptoms to the development of other diseases, including type 2 diabetes, dementia, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. […] Insomnia has bidirectional effects with coexisting medical and mental disorders, especially depression. […] Active military personnel and veterans are extremely vulnerable to insomnia. […] Since 2001, when the longest overseas conflict in US history began, insomnia in military service members has skyrocketed and has been linked to deployment and combat exposure. […] The current thinking is that insomnia helps drive the suicide epidemic in veterans by exacerbating depression and PTSD.
#39 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
Comorbidity rates between insomnia and psychiatric distress, particularly anxiety and depression, have been found to be as high as 77% in clinical cases. […] However, epidemiologic studies examining the association between clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression and insomnia in the general population have revealed lower rates. […] Medical conditions that commonly co-occur with insomnia include arthritis, cancer, hypertension, chronic pain, coronary heart disease, and diabetes. […] The 2003 National Sleep Foundation’s Sleep in America Survey found that 69% of respondents with one or more sleep problems also had four or more medical conditions.
#40 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
Comorbidity rates between insomnia and psychiatric distress, particularly anxiety and depression, have been found to be as high as 77% in clinical cases. […] However, epidemiologic studies examining the association between clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression and insomnia in the general population have revealed lower rates. […] Medical conditions that commonly co-occur with insomnia include arthritis, cancer, hypertension, chronic pain, coronary heart disease, and diabetes. […] The 2003 National Sleep Foundation’s Sleep in America Survey found that 69% of respondents with one or more sleep problems also had four or more medical conditions.
#41
https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/view/2109
Prevalence of insomnia among hypertensive population was approximately 47.2% (n=310; 95% CI: 43.4, 51.0). […] Present study shows that about 75% insomniac cases were undiagnosed, indicating that insomnia diagnosis may have been missed in a large proportion of hypertensive patients.
#42 Insomnia, lack of sleep linked to high blood pressure in teens | American Heart Association
https://newsroom.heart.org/news/insomnia-lack-of-sleep-linked-to-high-blood-pressure-in-teens
Teenagers who slept less than 7.7 hours in a sleep lab were observed to be almost three times more likely to have elevated blood pressure than well-rested peers. […] Those who reported insomnia and slept less than 7.7 hours in a sleep lab were five times more likely to have stage 2 hypertension when compared with well-rested peers. […] The study did not find a notable link between elevated blood pressure or stage 2 hypertension risk among adolescents who reported insomnia but slept 7.7 hours or more. […] Teenagers who do not get the recommended amount of sleep may be at an increased risk for high blood pressure, according to preliminary research presented at the American Heart Associations Epidemiology, Prevention, Lifestyle Cardiometabolic Health Scientific Sessions 2025. […] Poor sleep is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
#43 Insomnia, lack of sleep linked to high blood pressure in teens | American Heart Association
https://newsroom.heart.org/news/insomnia-lack-of-sleep-linked-to-high-blood-pressure-in-teens
Teenagers who slept less than 7.7 hours in a sleep lab were observed to be almost three times more likely to have elevated blood pressure than well-rested peers. […] Those who reported insomnia and slept less than 7.7 hours in a sleep lab were five times more likely to have stage 2 hypertension when compared with well-rested peers. […] The study did not find a notable link between elevated blood pressure or stage 2 hypertension risk among adolescents who reported insomnia but slept 7.7 hours or more. […] Teenagers who do not get the recommended amount of sleep may be at an increased risk for high blood pressure, according to preliminary research presented at the American Heart Associations Epidemiology, Prevention, Lifestyle Cardiometabolic Health Scientific Sessions 2025. […] Poor sleep is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
#44 Insomnia, lack of sleep linked to high blood pressure in teens | American Heart Association
https://newsroom.heart.org/news/insomnia-lack-of-sleep-linked-to-high-blood-pressure-in-teens
Teenagers who slept less than 7.7 hours in a sleep lab were observed to be almost three times more likely to have elevated blood pressure than well-rested peers. […] Those who reported insomnia and slept less than 7.7 hours in a sleep lab were five times more likely to have stage 2 hypertension when compared with well-rested peers. […] The study did not find a notable link between elevated blood pressure or stage 2 hypertension risk among adolescents who reported insomnia but slept 7.7 hours or more. […] Teenagers who do not get the recommended amount of sleep may be at an increased risk for high blood pressure, according to preliminary research presented at the American Heart Associations Epidemiology, Prevention, Lifestyle Cardiometabolic Health Scientific Sessions 2025. […] Poor sleep is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
#45 Chronic insomnia and epidemiology – Belun Technology
https://belun.tech/2022/07/27/chronic-insomnia-and-epidemiology/
Chronic insomnia is a common sleep disorder that is characterized by difficulty in falling asleep at an initial stage, waking up during the night, and waking earlier than expected. The prevalence of short-term insomnia affects 30% to 50% of the population. The prevalence of chronic insomnia disorder in developed countries is estimated at least 5% to 10%. […] Chronic insomnia has been identified as a significant predictor of the onset of depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse, and psychosis in comprehensive meta-analyses studies implicating a potentially increased risk for psychopathology. […] Chronic insomnia exerts significant economic burdens on society, which comprises direct and indirect expenditures. In the US, Insomnia is one of the commonest sleep disorders that causes a significant burden to the US healthcare system and vulnerable patient groups.
#46 Chronic insomnia and epidemiology – Belun Technology
https://belun.tech/2022/07/27/chronic-insomnia-and-epidemiology/
Chronic insomnia is a common sleep disorder that is characterized by difficulty in falling asleep at an initial stage, waking up during the night, and waking earlier than expected. The prevalence of short-term insomnia affects 30% to 50% of the population. The prevalence of chronic insomnia disorder in developed countries is estimated at least 5% to 10%. […] Chronic insomnia has been identified as a significant predictor of the onset of depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse, and psychosis in comprehensive meta-analyses studies implicating a potentially increased risk for psychopathology. […] Chronic insomnia exerts significant economic burdens on society, which comprises direct and indirect expenditures. In the US, Insomnia is one of the commonest sleep disorders that causes a significant burden to the US healthcare system and vulnerable patient groups.
#47 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
Insomnia, whether short-term or chronic, is a common condition. […] The first part of this article reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of insomnia with a focus on vulnerable patient groups. […] Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, is a substantial burden for the US healthcare system and vulnerable patient groups. […] Combined direct and indirect costs for insomnia in the United States exceed $100 billion annually. […] Between 1993 and 2015, the diagnosis of insomnia during office visits in the United States increased 11-fold, from 800,000 to 9.4 million. […] Further, insomnia is linked to higher healthcare utilization and costs, especially in patients with coexisting medical or psychiatric disorders, illustrating why it is an important managed care issue. […] The burden of insomnia in the United States was extensively characterized in 2008-2009 by the American Insomnia Survey, a nationwide survey of more than 10,000 members in a national health plan.
#48 Insomnia Overview: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Monitoring, and Nonpharmacologic Therapy
https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy
Insomnia, whether short-term or chronic, is a common condition. […] The first part of this article reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of insomnia with a focus on vulnerable patient groups. […] Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, is a substantial burden for the US healthcare system and vulnerable patient groups. […] Combined direct and indirect costs for insomnia in the United States exceed $100 billion annually. […] Between 1993 and 2015, the diagnosis of insomnia during office visits in the United States increased 11-fold, from 800,000 to 9.4 million. […] Further, insomnia is linked to higher healthcare utilization and costs, especially in patients with coexisting medical or psychiatric disorders, illustrating why it is an important managed care issue. […] The burden of insomnia in the United States was extensively characterized in 2008-2009 by the American Insomnia Survey, a nationwide survey of more than 10,000 members in a national health plan.
#49 Epidemiology of insomnia : prevalence, course, risk factors, and public health burden
https://corpus.ulaval.ca/entities/publication/e784e22b-b210-4f47-ac30-98fce0aac584
This paper summarizes recent epidemiological evidence on insomnia, including its prevalence, incidence, and risk factors, as well as its course and consequences. […] There is now substantial evidence that insomnia is a significant public health problem. […] It is a highly prevalent condition, both as a symptom and a syndrome, and is often a persistent condition over time. […] Its persistence is associated with increased risk for mental (major depression), physical (hypertension), and occupational health problems (disability). […] Chronic insomnia also carries heavy economic burden, both in terms of direct healthcare costs and, more importantly, in terms of human resources loss due to the illness and lack of treatment. […] These findings have direct implications for community-based prevention and intervention programs and for future research including the need for: a) longitudinal, population-based studies aimed at evaluating whether we can prevent insomnia among at-risk individuals; b) clinical studies evaluating whether the morbidity associated with chronic insomnia is reversible; and c) prospective health economic evaluations of prevention programs using different dissemination technologies.
#50 Insomnia: epidemiology, characteristics, and consequences – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14626537/
Insomnia is a symptom of difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep or experiencing nonrefreshing sleep and is associated with daytime consequences. […] Chronic insomnia is prevalent in 10% of the adult population. […] Age, sex, medical and psychiatric disease, and shift work all represent an increased risk of chronic insomnia. […] The morbidity of insomnia varies as a function of etiology. […] While transient insomnia produces sleepiness and impairment in psychomotor performance, chronic insomnia is associated with absenteeism, frequent accidents, memory impairment, and greater health care utilization. […] The most consistent impact of insomnia is a high risk of depression.
#51 Insomnia: epidemiology, characteristics, and consequences – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14626537/
Insomnia is a symptom of difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep or experiencing nonrefreshing sleep and is associated with daytime consequences. […] Chronic insomnia is prevalent in 10% of the adult population. […] Age, sex, medical and psychiatric disease, and shift work all represent an increased risk of chronic insomnia. […] The morbidity of insomnia varies as a function of etiology. […] While transient insomnia produces sleepiness and impairment in psychomotor performance, chronic insomnia is associated with absenteeism, frequent accidents, memory impairment, and greater health care utilization. […] The most consistent impact of insomnia is a high risk of depression.
#52 The Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Insomnia
https://www.ajmc.com/view/may06-2307ps214-s220
Many questions remain unanswered with regard to our understanding of insomnia. Although it is generally believed that 10% to 15% of the adult population suffers from chronic insomnia, and an additional 25% to 35% have transient or occasional insomnia, prevalence estimates vary because of inconsistent definitions and diagnostic criteria. […] Epidemiologic studies show that abnormal sleep patterns predict lower life expectancy, and that people with insomnia are more likely to develop affective disorders, substance abuse, and other adverse health outcomes. […] Estimates of the prevalence of insomnia are variable because definitions and diagnostic criteria for insomnia are inconsistent. In addition, the use of baseline and follow-up assessments to establish incidence and remission rates can be problematic because of the wide spectrum of insomnia duration (eg, a positive finding of insomnia at baseline and 1-year follow-up may reflect unremitting chronic insomnia or 2 episodes of transient insomnia).
#53 Association between physical activity over a 10-year period and current insomnia symptoms, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness: a European population-based study | BMJ Open
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e067197
Objectives To explore the relationship between physical activity over a 10-year period and current symptoms of insomnia, daytime sleepiness and estimated sleep duration in adults aged 3967. […] Main outcome measures Insomnia, sleep time and daytime sleepiness in relation to physical activity. […] Results Altogether, 37% of participants were persistently non-active, 25% were persistently active, 20% became inactive and 18% became active from baseline to follow-up. Participants who were persistently active were less likely to report difficulties initiating sleep (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.450.78), a short sleep duration of 6 hours/night (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.590.85) and a long sleep of 9 hours/night (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.330.84) than persistently non-active subjects after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking history and study centre.
#54 Association between physical activity over a 10-year period and current insomnia symptoms, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness: a European population-based study | BMJ Open
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e067197
Conclusion Physically active people have a lower risk of some insomnia symptoms and extreme sleep durations, both long and short. […] The longitudinal study design, in which the exposure (physical activity) is measured 10 years prior to the sleep outcomes, enables an investigation into whether the consistency of physical activity over time has an impact on current symptoms of insomnia, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. […] There is a lack of epidemiological data from long-term follow-up studies of large cohorts exploring the association of PA with sleep length, daytime sleepiness and insomnia symptoms. […] Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the inter-relationship between PA, based on frequency, duration and intensity, and symptoms of insomnia, self-reported sleep durations and daytime sleepiness among middle-aged subjects from 21 centres in nine countries at two moments in time, 10 years apart, providing important longitudinal follow-up data. […] Our results indicate that those who maintain a consistent level of PA are also less likely to be both short (6 hours) and long sleepers (9 hours). […] In conclusion, PA over time is associated with lower prevalence of insomnia symptoms and with sleeping between 6 and 9 hours/night.
#55 Association between physical activity over a 10-year period and current insomnia symptoms, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness: a European population-based study | BMJ Open
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/3/e067197
Conclusion Physically active people have a lower risk of some insomnia symptoms and extreme sleep durations, both long and short. […] The longitudinal study design, in which the exposure (physical activity) is measured 10 years prior to the sleep outcomes, enables an investigation into whether the consistency of physical activity over time has an impact on current symptoms of insomnia, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. […] There is a lack of epidemiological data from long-term follow-up studies of large cohorts exploring the association of PA with sleep length, daytime sleepiness and insomnia symptoms. […] Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the inter-relationship between PA, based on frequency, duration and intensity, and symptoms of insomnia, self-reported sleep durations and daytime sleepiness among middle-aged subjects from 21 centres in nine countries at two moments in time, 10 years apart, providing important longitudinal follow-up data. […] Our results indicate that those who maintain a consistent level of PA are also less likely to be both short (6 hours) and long sleepers (9 hours). […] In conclusion, PA over time is associated with lower prevalence of insomnia symptoms and with sleeping between 6 and 9 hours/night.
#56 The Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Insomnia
https://www.ajmc.com/view/may06-2307ps214-s220
Many questions remain unanswered with regard to our understanding of insomnia. Although it is generally believed that 10% to 15% of the adult population suffers from chronic insomnia, and an additional 25% to 35% have transient or occasional insomnia, prevalence estimates vary because of inconsistent definitions and diagnostic criteria. […] Epidemiologic studies show that abnormal sleep patterns predict lower life expectancy, and that people with insomnia are more likely to develop affective disorders, substance abuse, and other adverse health outcomes. […] Estimates of the prevalence of insomnia are variable because definitions and diagnostic criteria for insomnia are inconsistent. In addition, the use of baseline and follow-up assessments to establish incidence and remission rates can be problematic because of the wide spectrum of insomnia duration (eg, a positive finding of insomnia at baseline and 1-year follow-up may reflect unremitting chronic insomnia or 2 episodes of transient insomnia).
#57 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
However, at the core of the challenge in evaluating the epidemiology of insomnia is demarcating the border between insomnia complaints and clinical insomnia. […] Twenty-six percent of people complain of difficulty falling asleep and 42% complain of difficulty staying asleep at least a few nights a week. […] These survey results illuminate the potential grandiose magnitude of insomnia, but they also serve to caution us that a sleep complaint alone does not in itself rise to the standard of clinical insomnia. […] Indeed, if treatment-seeking behavior is a proxy for clinical significance, a more-constrained picture emerges. […] Only 13% of persons complaining of insomnia seek professional treatment, though this rate increases with insomnia severity and advancing age. […] It should be immediately apparent that complexities impede efforts at clarifying the epidemiology of insomnia.
#58 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
However, at the core of the challenge in evaluating the epidemiology of insomnia is demarcating the border between insomnia complaints and clinical insomnia. […] Twenty-six percent of people complain of difficulty falling asleep and 42% complain of difficulty staying asleep at least a few nights a week. […] These survey results illuminate the potential grandiose magnitude of insomnia, but they also serve to caution us that a sleep complaint alone does not in itself rise to the standard of clinical insomnia. […] Indeed, if treatment-seeking behavior is a proxy for clinical significance, a more-constrained picture emerges. […] Only 13% of persons complaining of insomnia seek professional treatment, though this rate increases with insomnia severity and advancing age. […] It should be immediately apparent that complexities impede efforts at clarifying the epidemiology of insomnia.
#59 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
However, at the core of the challenge in evaluating the epidemiology of insomnia is demarcating the border between insomnia complaints and clinical insomnia. […] Twenty-six percent of people complain of difficulty falling asleep and 42% complain of difficulty staying asleep at least a few nights a week. […] These survey results illuminate the potential grandiose magnitude of insomnia, but they also serve to caution us that a sleep complaint alone does not in itself rise to the standard of clinical insomnia. […] Indeed, if treatment-seeking behavior is a proxy for clinical significance, a more-constrained picture emerges. […] Only 13% of persons complaining of insomnia seek professional treatment, though this rate increases with insomnia severity and advancing age. […] It should be immediately apparent that complexities impede efforts at clarifying the epidemiology of insomnia.
#60 The Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Insomnia
https://www.ajmc.com/view/may06-2307ps214-s220
Many questions remain unanswered with regard to our understanding of insomnia. Although it is generally believed that 10% to 15% of the adult population suffers from chronic insomnia, and an additional 25% to 35% have transient or occasional insomnia, prevalence estimates vary because of inconsistent definitions and diagnostic criteria. […] Epidemiologic studies show that abnormal sleep patterns predict lower life expectancy, and that people with insomnia are more likely to develop affective disorders, substance abuse, and other adverse health outcomes. […] Estimates of the prevalence of insomnia are variable because definitions and diagnostic criteria for insomnia are inconsistent. In addition, the use of baseline and follow-up assessments to establish incidence and remission rates can be problematic because of the wide spectrum of insomnia duration (eg, a positive finding of insomnia at baseline and 1-year follow-up may reflect unremitting chronic insomnia or 2 episodes of transient insomnia).
#61 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
This chapter enumerates such obstacles and presents a summary of current knowledge on the epidemiology and risk factors of insomnia. […] Given this complexity, it is not surprising that the literature contains numerous definitions of insomnia, ranging from the broad and inclusive to the narrow and exclusive. […] Unfortunately, the study of insomnia has been hampered by such varied definitions of insomnia as evidenced by a review of epidemiologic studies in which prevalence rates in the general population ranged from 4% to 48% depending on the definition used. […] A consensus has begun to emerge in the literature that the core symptoms of insomnia include at least one sleep symptom and one wake symptom. […] Research supports the clinical utility of considering associated daytime impairment, because persons with both sleep and wake symptoms are more likely to seek treatment than those who report sleep symptoms alone.
#62 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
This chapter enumerates such obstacles and presents a summary of current knowledge on the epidemiology and risk factors of insomnia. […] Given this complexity, it is not surprising that the literature contains numerous definitions of insomnia, ranging from the broad and inclusive to the narrow and exclusive. […] Unfortunately, the study of insomnia has been hampered by such varied definitions of insomnia as evidenced by a review of epidemiologic studies in which prevalence rates in the general population ranged from 4% to 48% depending on the definition used. […] A consensus has begun to emerge in the literature that the core symptoms of insomnia include at least one sleep symptom and one wake symptom. […] Research supports the clinical utility of considering associated daytime impairment, because persons with both sleep and wake symptoms are more likely to seek treatment than those who report sleep symptoms alone.
#63 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
This chapter enumerates such obstacles and presents a summary of current knowledge on the epidemiology and risk factors of insomnia. […] Given this complexity, it is not surprising that the literature contains numerous definitions of insomnia, ranging from the broad and inclusive to the narrow and exclusive. […] Unfortunately, the study of insomnia has been hampered by such varied definitions of insomnia as evidenced by a review of epidemiologic studies in which prevalence rates in the general population ranged from 4% to 48% depending on the definition used. […] A consensus has begun to emerge in the literature that the core symptoms of insomnia include at least one sleep symptom and one wake symptom. […] Research supports the clinical utility of considering associated daytime impairment, because persons with both sleep and wake symptoms are more likely to seek treatment than those who report sleep symptoms alone.
#64 A 2023 Update on Managing Insomnia in Primary Care: Insights From an Expert Consensus Group
https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/2023-update-managing-insomnia-in-primary-care-insights-from-expert-consensus-group/
Insomnia is typically seen comorbidly with a variety of medical and psychiatric conditions encountered in the primary care setting. […] Insomnia is not only frequently comorbid with psychiatric conditions, but is also a risk factor for future development or exacerbation of a psychiatric disorder. […] A growing body of evidence demonstrates that the relationship between insomnia and some comorbidities is bidirectional, that is, the insomnia worsens the comorbidity, and the comorbidity worsens insomnia. […] Given the high prevalence of insomnia demonstrated in their patients, primary care clinicians should consider sleep to be a vital sign and routinely screen for insomnia. […] The ICD-11 defines insomnia disorder as characterized by persistent difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep, and results in some form of daytime impairment.
#65 Insomnia symptom prevalence in England: a comparison of cross-sectional self-reported data and primary care records in the UK Biobank | BMJ Open
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/5/e080479
In recent decades there has been a rapid growth in the use of electronic health records (EHRs) in population health research. […] However, to date, EHR research on insomnia prevalence is limited. […] This study found that in a large sample, primary care symptom codes only capture a small proportion of those experiencing insomnia symptoms in the population. […] Nonetheless, EHRs provide a valuable data source for studying insomnia, offering clinically meaningful measures of insomnia prevalence, objective insights into severe insomnia, large sample sizes and longitudinal data. […] Consequently, researchers exploring population-level risk factors for insomnia are likely to draw similar conclusions using either dataset.
#66 Insomnia symptom prevalence in England: a comparison of cross-sectional self-reported data and primary care records in the UK Biobank | BMJ Open
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/5/e080479
In recent decades there has been a rapid growth in the use of electronic health records (EHRs) in population health research. […] However, to date, EHR research on insomnia prevalence is limited. […] This study found that in a large sample, primary care symptom codes only capture a small proportion of those experiencing insomnia symptoms in the population. […] Nonetheless, EHRs provide a valuable data source for studying insomnia, offering clinically meaningful measures of insomnia prevalence, objective insights into severe insomnia, large sample sizes and longitudinal data. […] Consequently, researchers exploring population-level risk factors for insomnia are likely to draw similar conclusions using either dataset.
#67 Insomnia symptom prevalence in England: a comparison of cross-sectional self-reported data and primary care records in the UK Biobank | BMJ Open
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/5/e080479
In recent decades there has been a rapid growth in the use of electronic health records (EHRs) in population health research. […] However, to date, EHR research on insomnia prevalence is limited. […] This study found that in a large sample, primary care symptom codes only capture a small proportion of those experiencing insomnia symptoms in the population. […] Nonetheless, EHRs provide a valuable data source for studying insomnia, offering clinically meaningful measures of insomnia prevalence, objective insights into severe insomnia, large sample sizes and longitudinal data. […] Consequently, researchers exploring population-level risk factors for insomnia are likely to draw similar conclusions using either dataset.
#68 Insomnia symptom prevalence in England: a comparison of cross-sectional self-reported data and primary care records in the UK Biobank | BMJ Open
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/5/e080479
We aimed to use a large dataset to compare self-reported and primary care measures of insomnia symptom prevalence in England and establish whether they identify participants with similar characteristics. […] We found that 29% of the sample self-reported having insomnia symptoms, while only 6% had a Read code for insomnia symptoms in their primary care records. […] Only a small proportion of individuals experiencing insomnia symptoms have an insomnia symptom Read code in their primary care record. However, primary care data do provide a clinically meaningful measure of insomnia prevalence. […] Further studies should replicate our findings in other populations and examine ways to increase discussions about sleep health in primary care. […] Estimates of insomnia prevalence differ depending on the definition used.
#69 Insomnia symptom prevalence in England: a comparison of cross-sectional self-reported data and primary care records in the UK Biobank | BMJ Open
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/5/e080479
In recent decades there has been a rapid growth in the use of electronic health records (EHRs) in population health research. […] However, to date, EHR research on insomnia prevalence is limited. […] This study found that in a large sample, primary care symptom codes only capture a small proportion of those experiencing insomnia symptoms in the population. […] Nonetheless, EHRs provide a valuable data source for studying insomnia, offering clinically meaningful measures of insomnia prevalence, objective insights into severe insomnia, large sample sizes and longitudinal data. […] Consequently, researchers exploring population-level risk factors for insomnia are likely to draw similar conclusions using either dataset.
#70 Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk Factors, and Public Health Burden – PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35659072/
This article summarizes epidemiologic evidence on insomnia, including the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors, as well as its course and consequences. Approximately 10% of the adult population suffers from an insomnia disorder and another 20% experiences occasional insomnia symptoms. […] Insomnia is often a chronic condition, with a 40% persistence rate over a 5-year period. Insomnia is a significant public health problem that should be addressed at the individual level with appropriate clinical care and at the population level with large-scale sleep health interventions.
#71 Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk Factors, and Public Health Burden. | Read by QxMD
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35659072/epidemiology-of-insomnia-prevalence-course-risk-factors-and-public-health-burden?redirected=slug
Epidemiology of Insomnia: Prevalence, Course, Risk Factors, and Public Health Burden. This article summarizes epidemiologic evidence on insomnia, including the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors, as well as its course and consequences. Approximately 10% of the adult population suffers from an insomnia disorder and another 20% experiences occasional insomnia symptoms. Women, older adults, and people with socioeconomic hardship are more vulnerable to insomnia. Insomnia is often a chronic condition, with a 40% persistence rate over a 5-year period. Insomnia is a significant public health problem that should be addressed at the individual level with appropriate clinical care and at the population level with large-scale sleep health interventions.
#72 Epidemiological Overview of sleep Disorders in the General Population
https://www.sleepmedres.org/journal/view.php?number=14
There are several hundred of epidemiological studies assessing different sleep complaints and disorders in the general population. […] Insomnia complaint is one of the most studied sleep disturbances. Nearly one third of the general population complains of insomnia but a diagnosis is warranted in only 6% to 15% of the population. […] Unfortunately, despite the high prevalence, sleep disorders remain poorly identified; less than 20% of individuals with insomnia are correctly diagnosed and treated. […] The diagnostic evaluation of insomnia in the general population is uncommon. The few studies that evaluated prevalence of insomnia diagnosis reported rates ranging from 4.4% to 11.7%. […] Chronicity of insomnia complaint in the general population is poorly documented. […] The prevalence of individuals dissatisfied with their sleep varies from 8% to 18.5%.
#73 Epidemiology of Insomnia: the confusion between symptoms and diagnosis is the rule
https://sleepeval.com/dyssomnia/insomnia_epidemiology.html
Epidemiology provides valuable information concerning the natural evolution of sleep disorder. Currently however, few such studies exist. […] Epidemiology bestows portraits of specific populations at a given time. It provides not only clues about the health needs of insomnia individuals but it also shows where are the lacks in health care systems in terms of recognition of insomnia and adequacy of the medical response. […] The study of Ohayon and Hong performed in the general population of South Korea illustrates this aspect. They found that 5% of their sample has an insomnia disorder diagnoses but of those only 6% of them have sought medical help for their insomnia.
#74 A 2023 Update on Managing Insomnia in Primary Care: Insights From an Expert Consensus Group
https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/2023-update-managing-insomnia-in-primary-care-insights-from-expert-consensus-group/
Insomnia is typically seen comorbidly with a variety of medical and psychiatric conditions encountered in the primary care setting. […] Insomnia is not only frequently comorbid with psychiatric conditions, but is also a risk factor for future development or exacerbation of a psychiatric disorder. […] A growing body of evidence demonstrates that the relationship between insomnia and some comorbidities is bidirectional, that is, the insomnia worsens the comorbidity, and the comorbidity worsens insomnia. […] Given the high prevalence of insomnia demonstrated in their patients, primary care clinicians should consider sleep to be a vital sign and routinely screen for insomnia. […] The ICD-11 defines insomnia disorder as characterized by persistent difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep, and results in some form of daytime impairment.
#75 A 2023 Update on Managing Insomnia in Primary Care: Insights From an Expert Consensus Group
https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/2023-update-managing-insomnia-in-primary-care-insights-from-expert-consensus-group/
Insomnia disorder is not just a problem at night. It has a profound negative effect on daytime functioning and overall health and is often underreported in the primary care setting. […] There is evidence that insomnia may contribute to worse outcomes in comorbid conditions and that treating the insomnia can result in improvements in the comorbid illness and quality of life.
#76 Insomnia: Epidemiology and Risk Factors | Neupsy Key
https://neupsykey.com/insomnia-epidemiology-and-risk-factors/
Chronic, clinically significant insomnia approaches 10% prevalence, and moderately frequent insomnia symptoms appear in a much larger number of persons. […] Advancing age, female gender, and low socioeconomic status are the strongest insomnia correlates. […] Some variant of hyperarousal is a broadly recognized candidate accounting for insomnia risk factors. […] Precise mechanisms and causal paths with respect to insomnia correlates and risk factors are poorly understood. […] The highest priorities for future research are a standard definition of insomnia, longitudinal studies, and more attention to monitoring psychological and medical comorbidity, ethnicity, and genetic variables. […] Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder and is among the most prevalent of all mental health disorders.
#77 Epidemiology of insomnia : prevalence, course, risk factors, and public health burden
https://corpus.ulaval.ca/entities/publication/e784e22b-b210-4f47-ac30-98fce0aac584
This paper summarizes recent epidemiological evidence on insomnia, including its prevalence, incidence, and risk factors, as well as its course and consequences. […] There is now substantial evidence that insomnia is a significant public health problem. […] It is a highly prevalent condition, both as a symptom and a syndrome, and is often a persistent condition over time. […] Its persistence is associated with increased risk for mental (major depression), physical (hypertension), and occupational health problems (disability). […] Chronic insomnia also carries heavy economic burden, both in terms of direct healthcare costs and, more importantly, in terms of human resources loss due to the illness and lack of treatment. […] These findings have direct implications for community-based prevention and intervention programs and for future research including the need for: a) longitudinal, population-based studies aimed at evaluating whether we can prevent insomnia among at-risk individuals; b) clinical studies evaluating whether the morbidity associated with chronic insomnia is reversible; and c) prospective health economic evaluations of prevention programs using different dissemination technologies.
#78 Chronic insomnia and epidemiology – Belun Technology
https://belun.tech/2022/07/27/chronic-insomnia-and-epidemiology/
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine(AASM) defines insomnia as the subjective perception of difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite the sufficient opportunity for sleep and that causes a substantial form of daytime impairment. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is recognized as one of the most effective first-line treatments for insomnia. […] The efficacy of CBT-I is proven to be as effective as sedative-hypnotics in acute conditions and sedative-hypnotics on a long-term basis. […] Given the high efficacy of CBT-I for patients with chronic insomnia, CBT-I has evolved in various alternative formats. […] Belun Sleep Platform (BSP) has the capability of monitoring and analyzing SpO2, heart rate variability (HRV), photoplethysmography (PPG) waveform, and accelerometer-derived actigraphy data. […] From the assessment provided by Belun Sleep Platform, objective sleep impairments data can be provided to clinicians with more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of the efficacy of CBT-I or combined pharmacotherapy before and after treatment in the era of precision medicine.
#79 Chronic insomnia and epidemiology – Belun Technology
https://belun.tech/2022/07/27/chronic-insomnia-and-epidemiology/
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine(AASM) defines insomnia as the subjective perception of difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite the sufficient opportunity for sleep and that causes a substantial form of daytime impairment. […] Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is recognized as one of the most effective first-line treatments for insomnia. […] The efficacy of CBT-I is proven to be as effective as sedative-hypnotics in acute conditions and sedative-hypnotics on a long-term basis. […] Given the high efficacy of CBT-I for patients with chronic insomnia, CBT-I has evolved in various alternative formats. […] Belun Sleep Platform (BSP) has the capability of monitoring and analyzing SpO2, heart rate variability (HRV), photoplethysmography (PPG) waveform, and accelerometer-derived actigraphy data. […] From the assessment provided by Belun Sleep Platform, objective sleep impairments data can be provided to clinicians with more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of the efficacy of CBT-I or combined pharmacotherapy before and after treatment in the era of precision medicine.
#80 Psychosocial Correlates of Insomnia Among College Students
https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/22_0060.htm
We reported a 26.4% prevalence of insomnia among college students, a finding consistent with existing literature. […] Our findings indicated that 78.2% of students with insomnia also experienced depression, and the odds of insomnia were 9.54 times higher among students with depression than students without depression. […] In our sample, 15.8% had ADHD, and the odds of insomnia were 3.48 times higher for students with ADHD than those without ADHD. […] We found that employment was significantly associated with sleep problems among college students.
#81 Epidemiology of Insomnia: the confusion between symptoms and diagnosis is the rule
https://sleepeval.com/dyssomnia/insomnia_epidemiology.html
Epidemiology provides valuable information concerning the natural evolution of sleep disorder. Currently however, few such studies exist. […] Epidemiology bestows portraits of specific populations at a given time. It provides not only clues about the health needs of insomnia individuals but it also shows where are the lacks in health care systems in terms of recognition of insomnia and adequacy of the medical response. […] The study of Ohayon and Hong performed in the general population of South Korea illustrates this aspect. They found that 5% of their sample has an insomnia disorder diagnoses but of those only 6% of them have sought medical help for their insomnia.
#82 Epidemiology of Insomnia: the confusion between symptoms and diagnosis is the rule
https://sleepeval.com/dyssomnia/insomnia_epidemiology.html
The first epidemiological study on insomnia was published less than 35 years ago. From that time, the field has flourished and one can find more than 50 epidemiological studies on insomnia from different parts of the world. […] In early years of insomnia epidemiology, researchers came up with very high prevalence of insomnia symptomatology (up to 40% of the population in some studies). Narrower definitions in terms of severity and frequency of insomnia decreased the prevalence to 15-20% of the population. […] Consequently epidemiologists are using different definitions that lead to different prevalence figures and render very difficult the comparison between the different studies. […] Epidemiological studies are also useful to determine sleep-wake schedule norms in the general population. Deviations from these norms represent abnormalities that need to be further investigated.
#83 Epidemiological Overview of sleep Disorders in the General Population
https://www.sleepmedres.org/journal/view.php?number=14
Other studies have examined the perception of sleep quality or asked whether participants considered themselves as insomniacs: between 10% and 18.1% of the population reported to be poor sleepers or insomniacs. […] The high prevalence rates of insomnia and excessive sleepiness clearly indicate that this is a major public health problem requiring education and prevention initiatives and justifying greater attention from health authorities.
#84 Epidemiology of insomnia : prevalence, course, risk factors, and public health burden
https://corpus.ulaval.ca/entities/publication/e784e22b-b210-4f47-ac30-98fce0aac584
This paper summarizes recent epidemiological evidence on insomnia, including its prevalence, incidence, and risk factors, as well as its course and consequences. […] There is now substantial evidence that insomnia is a significant public health problem. […] It is a highly prevalent condition, both as a symptom and a syndrome, and is often a persistent condition over time. […] Its persistence is associated with increased risk for mental (major depression), physical (hypertension), and occupational health problems (disability). […] Chronic insomnia also carries heavy economic burden, both in terms of direct healthcare costs and, more importantly, in terms of human resources loss due to the illness and lack of treatment. […] These findings have direct implications for community-based prevention and intervention programs and for future research including the need for: a) longitudinal, population-based studies aimed at evaluating whether we can prevent insomnia among at-risk individuals; b) clinical studies evaluating whether the morbidity associated with chronic insomnia is reversible; and c) prospective health economic evaluations of prevention programs using different dissemination technologies.