Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Amnesia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360

  Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, including facts, information and experiences. […] Instead, people with amnesia also called amnestic syndrome usually know who they are. But they may have trouble learning new information and forming new memories. […] The two main features of amnesia are: Trouble learning new information. Trouble remembering past events and previously familiar information. […] Most people with amnesia have problems with short-term memory, so they can’t retain new information. Recent memories are most likely to be lost. More-remote or deeply ingrained memories may be spared. […] Isolated memory loss doesn’t affect a person’s intelligence, general knowledge, awareness or attention span. It also doesn’t affect judgment, personality or identity. […] Amnesia isn’t the same as dementia. Dementia often includes memory loss but also involves other problems with thinking that lead to a decline in daily functioning.

• #2 Amnesia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/amnesia

  Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, including facts, information and experiences. Instead, people with amnesia also called amnestic syndrome usually know who they are. But they may have trouble learning new information and forming new memories. Amnesia can be caused by damage to areas of the brain that are vital for memory processing. Unlike a temporary episode of memory loss, called transient global amnesia, amnesia can be permanent. […] The two main features of amnesia are: Trouble learning new information. Trouble remembering past events and previously familiar information. Most people with amnesia have problems with short-term memory, so they can’t retain new information. Recent memories are most likely to be lost. More-remote or deeply ingrained memories may be spared. […] Isolated memory loss doesn’t affect a person’s intelligence, general knowledge, awareness or attention span. It also doesn’t affect judgment, personality or identity. People with amnesia usually can understand written and spoken words and can learn skills such as bike riding or piano playing. They may understand they have a memory disorder.

• #3 Amnesia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21455-amnesia

  Amnesia is when you have significant memory loss. There are many possible causes of it. Sometimes its a symptom of other conditions, but it can also happen on its own. It can involve past memories, or you can have trouble making and storing new memories. Treating the underlying cause may reverse it, but some causes are permanent. […] Amnesia is when you have serious memory loss. It can be a symptom of other conditions or happen by itself. […] Amnesia involves being unable to remember significant events or details from your life. […] Symptoms of amnesia depend on the type you have. […] People with amnesia may also experience something called confabulation. This is when your brain automatically tries to fill in memory details and makes a mistake. […] Amnesia can happen for many reasons. The causes fall broadly into two main categories: neurological causes and psychological causes.

• #4 Amnesia | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/amnesia

  Amnesia is a form of memory loss. […] While forgetting things is normal, people with amnesia often forget familiar things, such as where they live, and what their loved ones’ names are. […] Amnesia can be caused by many things, including head injuries or dementia. […] People with amnesia can struggle to form new memories or remember recent events or experiences. […] As amnesia worsens, people with amnesia may forget more important things, such as: where they live, how to travel home, the names of friends and family. […] Amnesia is not a medical condition on its own. It is often a symptom of another condition. It is usually temporary but can be permanent in some situations. […] Treatment for amnesia depends on the cause of your memory loss. If you have a treatable cause of amnesia, then treatment might allow you to regain your memory. […] Severe amnesia can disrupt your daily life. […] Amnesia may also be an early sign of dementia.

• #5 Amnesia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360

  Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, including facts, information and experiences. […] Instead, people with amnesia also called amnestic syndrome usually know who they are. But they may have trouble learning new information and forming new memories. […] The two main features of amnesia are: Trouble learning new information. Trouble remembering past events and previously familiar information. […] Most people with amnesia have problems with short-term memory, so they can’t retain new information. Recent memories are most likely to be lost. More-remote or deeply ingrained memories may be spared. […] Isolated memory loss doesn’t affect a person’s intelligence, general knowledge, awareness or attention span. It also doesn’t affect judgment, personality or identity. […] Amnesia isn’t the same as dementia. Dementia often includes memory loss but also involves other problems with thinking that lead to a decline in daily functioning.

• #6 Amnesia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/amnesia

  Amnesia isn’t the same as dementia. Dementia often includes memory loss but also involves other problems with thinking that lead to a decline in daily functioning. These problems include having trouble with language, judgment and visual-spatial skills. […] Memory loss also is a common symptom of mild cognitive impairment. This disorder involves memory and other cognitive problems that aren’t as severe as those experienced in dementia. […] Depending on the cause of the amnesia, other symptoms may include: False memories that are either completely invented or are real memories misplaced in time. Confusion or disorientation. […] Head injuries that cause a concussion, whether from a car accident or sports, can lead to confusion and problems remembering new information. This is especially common in the early stages of recovery. Mild head injuries typically don’t cause lasting amnesia, but more-severe head injuries may cause permanent amnesia.

• #7 Anterograde amnesia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterograde_amnesia

  In neurology, anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories after an event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact. […] People with anterograde amnesic syndromes may present widely varying degrees of forgetfulness. Some with severe cases have a combined form of anterograde and retrograde amnesia, sometimes called global amnesia. […] In most cases of anterograde amnesia, patients lose declarative memory, or the recollection of facts, but they retain nondeclarative memory, often called procedural memory. […] Patients have a diminished ability to remember the temporal context in which objects were presented. […] This disorder is usually acquired in one of four ways: One cause is benzodiazepine drugs such as midazolam, flunitrazepam, lorazepam, temazepam, nitrazepam, triazolam, clonazepam, alprazolam, diazepam, and nimetazepam.

• #8 Anterograde Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-anterograde-amnesia-4581313

  Anterograde amnesia is a rare but serious form of memory loss in which a person cannot create new memories after an amnesia-inducing event. It may involve either a partial or total inability to remember new information. […] Anterograde amnesia affects the formation of new memories but does not affect memories before the condition’s onset. It can make daily functioning difficult since people cannot retain essential details such as the people they meet and other things they’ve learned. […] While it is sometimes temporary, anterograde memory loss can also be permanent. […] Anterograde amnesia is thought to involve the failure to encode (or possibly retrieve) new memories. There are also different levels of severity of anterograde amnesia. […] Some people might forget a recent meal or a new phone number, for example, while others might forget what they were doing 30 seconds ago.

• #9 Retrograde Amnesia: Definition, Signs, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/retrograde-amnesia-definition-signs-causes-and-treatment-6560983

  Retrograde amnesia is a form of memory loss that involves an inability to access memories formed before the onset of amnesia. It is caused by damage to the regions of the brain associated with memory storage. It affects retrograde memory, which is defined as information that occurred before a particular point in time, such as the onset of a brain injury or other type of condition. […] Retrograde amnesia is sometimes temporary but can also be permanent or progressive. The severity and duration of this type of amnesia depend on what is causing it. […] The symptoms of retrograde amnesia can vary depending on the nature and severity of the injury. Common signs that a person may experience include: Not being able to remember events that occurred before the onset of amnesia, forgetting facts and general knowledge that they learned before the onset of amnesia, not being able to remember names, faces, places, dates, and other facts that were learned before the injury occurred, retaining skills and abilities that were burned before the onset of amnesia, being able to recall older long-term memories such as events that occurred during childhood.

• #10 Amnesia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesia

  Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage or brain diseases, but it can also be temporarily caused by the use of various sedative and hypnotic drugs. The memory can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage that is caused. […] There are two main types of amnesia: Retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an accident or operation. In some cases, the memory loss can extend back decades, while in other cases, people may lose only a few months of memory. Anterograde amnesia is the inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store. People with anterograde amnesia cannot remember things for long periods of time. […] These two types are not mutually exclusive; both can also occur simultaneously.

• #11 Transient global amnesia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531

  Transient global amnesia is an episode of confusion that comes on suddenly in a person who is otherwise alert. […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, a person is unable to create new memory, so the memory of recent events disappears. […] The main symptom of transient global amnesia is being unable to create new memories and remember the recent past. […] You must have these signs and symptoms to be diagnosed with transient global amnesia: Sudden onset of confusion that includes memory loss, seen by a witness. […] Another common sign of transient global amnesia due to the inability to create new memories includes repetitive questioning, usually of the same question for example, „What am I doing here?” or „How did we get here?” […] Symptoms lasting no more than 24 hours and generally shorter. […] Gradual return of memory. […] Transient global amnesia has no direct complications. […] It’s possible to have a second episode of transient global amnesia, but it’s extremely rare to have more than two.

• #12 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Transient global amnesia is a sudden onset of anterograde amnesia accompanied by a temporary period of retrograde amnesia, primarily affecting middle-aged and older individuals. These episodes typically last from 1 to 24 hours. […] Characterized by a combination of retrograde and anterograde amnesia, patients with transient global amnesia often repeat the same questions during the episode. They may experience disorientation regarding people and places but retain self-awareness. The condition is benign, typically resolving without recurrence and leaving no lasting neurological deficits. […] Once resolved, the symptoms of transient global amnesia rarely recur. When the patient recovers from the transient global amnesia episode, the retrograde amnesia recovers in a telescopic manner, with the most remote memory recovering before more recent events. The events occurring during the amnesic episode are typically permanently lost. No other neurological deficits are present with this condition.

• #13 Post-traumatic amnesia | Headway

  https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/effects-of-brain-injury/post-traumatic-amnesia/

  Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is the time after a period of unconsciousness when the injured person is conscious and awake, but is behaving or talking in a bizarre or uncharacteristic manner. […] The person has no continuous memory of day-to-day events, and recent events may be equally affected, so that they are unable to remember what happened a few hours or even a few minutes ago. […] The most obvious symptom is the loss of memory for the present time. The person may recognise family and friends but be unable to process the fact that they are in hospital or have had an injury of some kind. […] Other symptoms of PTA include: Confusion, agitation, distress and anxiety; Uncharacteristic behaviours such as violence, aggression, swearing, shouting, disinhibition; Inability to recognise familiar people; Tendency to wander; In some cases people may be very quiet, docil, loving and friendly.

• #14 What You Need to Know About Post-Traumatic Amnesia After a Head Injury | UNC Health Talkhealth wellnessstethoscopeStorieshealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriestwitter-iconfacebook-iconpinterest-iconemail-iconhealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriesfacebooktwitteryout

  https://healthtalk.unchealthcare.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-post-traumatic-amnesia-after-a-head-injury/

  You might have seen it in movies or on television: A character wakes up in the hospital after an accident and has no idea who they are or what happened to them. […] Your idea about amnesia, or loss of memory, may come from its depiction on screen, but it is important to know that memory impairment is one of the effects of a concussion or brain injury and not limited to dramatic plot points. People with amnesia typically don’t forget their identities, but if you know someone who was in a car accident or involved in a collision while playing sports, the head injury could result in post-traumatic amnesia. […] Post-traumatic amnesia happens after an injury to the head. It can involve the inability to remember events that took place before the event that caused amnesia (called retrograde amnesia) or the inability to remember new information after the event (called anterograde amnesia). It can also be a combination of both.

• #15 Dissociative Amnesia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9789-dissociative-amnesia

  Dissociative amnesia is when you cant remember important information about yourself. These memories are often distressing or upsetting events. Its most likely to happen with severe or long-term trauma, especially experiencing abuse, neglect or violence of any kind. This condition is treatable, and most people can regain their memories. […] Dissociative amnesia often happens because of very traumatic experiences, including abuse, war and natural disasters. People with dissociative amnesia have an increased risk of self-harm or suicidal behaviors. […] The main symptom of dissociative amnesia is memory loss. That memory loss can take different forms. Some people experience just one form, while others have multiple forms. […] Dissociative amnesia can happen in connection with one-time, isolated events or long-term stress or trauma.

• #16 Dissociative Amnesia – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-amnesia

  Dissociative amnesia is a type of dissociative disorder that involves inability to recall important personal information that would not typically be lost with ordinary forgetting. It is usually caused by trauma or stress. Diagnosis is based on history after ruling out other causes of amnesia. Treatment is psychotherapy, sometimes combined with hypnosis or medication-facilitated interviews. […] The main symptom of dissociative amnesia is memory loss that is inconsistent with normal forgetfulness. The amnesia may be for a discrete period of time, for certain types of experiences, or for large portions of childhood. […] Localized amnesia involves being unable to recall a specific event or events or a specific period of time; these gaps in memory are usually related to trauma or stress. […] In generalized amnesia, patients forget their identity and life historyeg, who they are, where they went, to whom they spoke, and what they did, said, thought, experienced, and felt.

• #17 Amnesia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360

  Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, including facts, information and experiences. […] Instead, people with amnesia also called amnestic syndrome usually know who they are. But they may have trouble learning new information and forming new memories. […] The two main features of amnesia are: Trouble learning new information. Trouble remembering past events and previously familiar information. […] Most people with amnesia have problems with short-term memory, so they can’t retain new information. Recent memories are most likely to be lost. More-remote or deeply ingrained memories may be spared. […] Isolated memory loss doesn’t affect a person’s intelligence, general knowledge, awareness or attention span. It also doesn’t affect judgment, personality or identity. […] Amnesia isn’t the same as dementia. Dementia often includes memory loss but also involves other problems with thinking that lead to a decline in daily functioning.

• #18 Amnesia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/amnesia

  Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, including facts, information and experiences. Instead, people with amnesia also called amnestic syndrome usually know who they are. But they may have trouble learning new information and forming new memories. Amnesia can be caused by damage to areas of the brain that are vital for memory processing. Unlike a temporary episode of memory loss, called transient global amnesia, amnesia can be permanent. […] The two main features of amnesia are: Trouble learning new information. Trouble remembering past events and previously familiar information. Most people with amnesia have problems with short-term memory, so they can’t retain new information. Recent memories are most likely to be lost. More-remote or deeply ingrained memories may be spared. […] Isolated memory loss doesn’t affect a person’s intelligence, general knowledge, awareness or attention span. It also doesn’t affect judgment, personality or identity. People with amnesia usually can understand written and spoken words and can learn skills such as bike riding or piano playing. They may understand they have a memory disorder.

• #19 Amnesia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360

  Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, including facts, information and experiences. […] Instead, people with amnesia also called amnestic syndrome usually know who they are. But they may have trouble learning new information and forming new memories. […] The two main features of amnesia are: Trouble learning new information. Trouble remembering past events and previously familiar information. […] Most people with amnesia have problems with short-term memory, so they can’t retain new information. Recent memories are most likely to be lost. More-remote or deeply ingrained memories may be spared. […] Isolated memory loss doesn’t affect a person’s intelligence, general knowledge, awareness or attention span. It also doesn’t affect judgment, personality or identity. […] Amnesia isn’t the same as dementia. Dementia often includes memory loss but also involves other problems with thinking that lead to a decline in daily functioning.

• #20 Amnesia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/amnesia

  Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, including facts, information and experiences. Instead, people with amnesia also called amnestic syndrome usually know who they are. But they may have trouble learning new information and forming new memories. Amnesia can be caused by damage to areas of the brain that are vital for memory processing. Unlike a temporary episode of memory loss, called transient global amnesia, amnesia can be permanent. […] The two main features of amnesia are: Trouble learning new information. Trouble remembering past events and previously familiar information. Most people with amnesia have problems with short-term memory, so they can’t retain new information. Recent memories are most likely to be lost. More-remote or deeply ingrained memories may be spared. […] Isolated memory loss doesn’t affect a person’s intelligence, general knowledge, awareness or attention span. It also doesn’t affect judgment, personality or identity. People with amnesia usually can understand written and spoken words and can learn skills such as bike riding or piano playing. They may understand they have a memory disorder.

• #21 Amnesia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360

  Memory loss also is a common symptom of mild cognitive impairment. This disorder involves memory and other cognitive problems that aren’t as severe as those experienced in dementia. […] Depending on the cause of the amnesia, other symptoms may include: False memories that are either completely invented or are real memories misplaced in time. Confusion or disorientation. […] Amnesia can result from damage to brain structures that form the limbic system, which controls emotions and memories. […] Amnesia caused by brain injury or damage is known as neurological amnesia. […] Head injuries that cause a concussion, whether from a car accident or sports, can lead to confusion and problems remembering new information. […] Another rare type of amnesia, called dissociative amnesia, stems from emotional shock or trauma. […] Amnesia varies in severity and scope. But even mild amnesia takes a toll on daily activities and quality of life. […] It may not be possible to recover lost memories. Some people with severe memory problems need to be supervised or need to live in a care facility.

• #22 Amnesia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/amnesia

  Amnesia isn’t the same as dementia. Dementia often includes memory loss but also involves other problems with thinking that lead to a decline in daily functioning. These problems include having trouble with language, judgment and visual-spatial skills. […] Memory loss also is a common symptom of mild cognitive impairment. This disorder involves memory and other cognitive problems that aren’t as severe as those experienced in dementia. […] Depending on the cause of the amnesia, other symptoms may include: False memories that are either completely invented or are real memories misplaced in time. Confusion or disorientation. […] Head injuries that cause a concussion, whether from a car accident or sports, can lead to confusion and problems remembering new information. This is especially common in the early stages of recovery. Mild head injuries typically don’t cause lasting amnesia, but more-severe head injuries may cause permanent amnesia.

• #23 Amnesia: Symptoms, Types, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/amnesia

  Amnesia refers to memory loss. There are many types of amnesia, each with different causes. While some types of amnesia are temporary, others can be permanent. […] The primary symptom of amnesia is memory loss or the inability to form new memories. If you have amnesia, you may experience the following: difficulty recalling facts, events, places, or specific details (which can range from what you ate this morning to the name of the current president), an impaired ability to learn new information, confusion, an inability to recognize locations or faces, confabulation, in which your brain subconsciously invents false memories to fill in memory gaps. […] When you have anterograde amnesia, you can’t form new memories. This effect can be temporary. For example, you can experience it during a blackout caused by too much alcohol. It can also be permanent. You can experience it if the area of your brain known as the hippocampus is damaged. Your hippocampus plays an important role in forming memories.

• #24 Amnesia: Types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9673

  Some people with amnesia find it hard to imagine the future. This is because the human brain constructs future scenarios based on its recollections of past experiences. […] The following are common symptoms of different types of amnesia: impaired ability to learn new information (anterograde amnesia); impaired ability to remember past events and previously familiar information (retrograde amnesia); experiencing false memories, which are either completely invented memories or real memories misplaced in time a phenomenon known as confabulation; impaired short-term memory; partial or total loss of all memory; confusion. […] Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a condition caused by extended alcohol misuse or thiamin (vitamin B1) deficiency, can lead to progressive memory loss that worsens over time.

• #25 Amnesia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21455-amnesia

  Amnesia is when you have significant memory loss. There are many possible causes of it. Sometimes its a symptom of other conditions, but it can also happen on its own. It can involve past memories, or you can have trouble making and storing new memories. Treating the underlying cause may reverse it, but some causes are permanent. […] Amnesia is when you have serious memory loss. It can be a symptom of other conditions or happen by itself. […] Amnesia involves being unable to remember significant events or details from your life. […] Symptoms of amnesia depend on the type you have. […] People with amnesia may also experience something called confabulation. This is when your brain automatically tries to fill in memory details and makes a mistake. […] Amnesia can happen for many reasons. The causes fall broadly into two main categories: neurological causes and psychological causes.

• #26 Transient global amnesia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531

  Transient global amnesia is an episode of confusion that comes on suddenly in a person who is otherwise alert. […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, a person is unable to create new memory, so the memory of recent events disappears. […] The main symptom of transient global amnesia is being unable to create new memories and remember the recent past. […] You must have these signs and symptoms to be diagnosed with transient global amnesia: Sudden onset of confusion that includes memory loss, seen by a witness. […] Another common sign of transient global amnesia due to the inability to create new memories includes repetitive questioning, usually of the same question for example, „What am I doing here?” or „How did we get here?” […] Symptoms lasting no more than 24 hours and generally shorter. […] Gradual return of memory. […] Transient global amnesia has no direct complications. […] It’s possible to have a second episode of transient global amnesia, but it’s extremely rare to have more than two.

• #27 Amnesia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/amnesia

  Amnesia is a general term describing memory loss. […] Symptoms include memory loss, confusion and the inability to recognise familiar faces or places. […] The symptoms of amnesia depend on the cause, but generally include: Memory loss, Confusion, Inability to recognise familiar faces or places, Once the person recovers, they typically have no memory of their amnesia episode. […] The severity of amnesia depends on the cause. Concussion, seizures and electroconvulsive therapy seem to temporarily disrupt the electrical activity of the brain and prevent the short term memory from working properly. […] In more severe cases, memory loss may be permanent. […] The type of memory loss experienced depends on which parts of the brain are affected. In Alzheimer’s disease, the person typically remembers past events, but experiences memory losses dating from the onset of their condition.

• #28 Amnesia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360

  Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, including facts, information and experiences. […] Instead, people with amnesia also called amnestic syndrome usually know who they are. But they may have trouble learning new information and forming new memories. […] The two main features of amnesia are: Trouble learning new information. Trouble remembering past events and previously familiar information. […] Most people with amnesia have problems with short-term memory, so they can’t retain new information. Recent memories are most likely to be lost. More-remote or deeply ingrained memories may be spared. […] Isolated memory loss doesn’t affect a person’s intelligence, general knowledge, awareness or attention span. It also doesn’t affect judgment, personality or identity. […] Amnesia isn’t the same as dementia. Dementia often includes memory loss but also involves other problems with thinking that lead to a decline in daily functioning.

• #29 Amnesia – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/brain-dysfunction/amnesia

  Amnesia is total or partial loss of the ability to recall experiences or events that happened in the preceding few seconds, in the preceding few days, further back in time, or after the event that caused the amnesia. […] How long memory loss lasts depends on the severity of the damage that caused it. […] Depending on the cause, amnesia may be […] Progressive (as occurs with disorders that cause progressive degeneration of the brain, such as Alzheimer disease). […] Depending on the severity of the damage, amnesias can last for minutes, hours, or longer. […] However, if brain damage is severe, the ability to form new memories may be lost.

• #30 Amnesia: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/brain-and-nerves/amnesia

  Amnesia is a loss of memory function. It can result from trauma, drug or alcohol use, medication, or a medical condition. Depending on the cause, amnesia can be temporary or permanent. […] You should see your clinician for signs of memory loss. These signs may present as difficulty with: remembering past events or activities you once knew; remembering recent events or activities. […] Amnesia may be temporary and resolve after you address the underlying cause. Other times, amnesia may last longer or be permanent. […] Amnesia ranges from short-term to permanent. The duration of the amnesia depends on the cause and whether permanent brain damage has occurred.

• #31 Transient global amnesia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531

  Transient global amnesia is an episode of confusion that comes on suddenly in a person who is otherwise alert. […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, a person is unable to create new memory, so the memory of recent events disappears. […] The main symptom of transient global amnesia is being unable to create new memories and remember the recent past. […] You must have these signs and symptoms to be diagnosed with transient global amnesia: Sudden onset of confusion that includes memory loss, seen by a witness. […] Another common sign of transient global amnesia due to the inability to create new memories includes repetitive questioning, usually of the same question for example, „What am I doing here?” or „How did we get here?” […] Symptoms lasting no more than 24 hours and generally shorter. […] Gradual return of memory. […] Transient global amnesia has no direct complications. […] It’s possible to have a second episode of transient global amnesia, but it’s extremely rare to have more than two.

• #32 Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/t/transient-global-amnesia-tga.html

  Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a sudden, temporary interruption of short-term memory. Although patients may be disoriented, not know where they are or be confused about time, they are otherwise alert, attentive and have normal thinking abilities. […] The main identifiable symptom of transient global amnesia is the sudden, but temporary, loss of short-term memory and not being able to form new memories. […] Symptoms include: Anxiety and agitation, Repeatedly asking questions about what is happening, Retaining personal identity during the episode, Able to complete complex routine tasks during the episode, Absence of signs suggesting damage to the brain tissue, Episodes end in 1-8 hours, no more than 24. […] Transient global amnesia goes away on its own within 24 hours.

• #33 Sudden Memory Loss: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/sudden-memory-loss

  Sudden or acute memory loss is usually due to a disease, condition, or event (like surgery) disrupting the way parts of your brain works. This differs from progressive memory loss, in which your memory gets worse over time as some of your brain cells deteriorate. This happens with Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia. […] Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is another source of sudden memory loss. With this condition, you don’t remember recent events, like where you currently are, and you may ask the same questions over and over. But you’ll know your name and the names of loved ones. Your symptoms of confusion and memory loss are usually gone in less than 24 hours. […] A stroke can cause short-term or long-term memory loss. You might start forgetting things you’ve learned or get easily confused.

• #34 Amnesia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21455-amnesia

  Neurological causes of amnesia all involve damage to your brain or disruptions in brain activity. […] Memory loss can also happen in connection with mental health issues. […] When amnesia affects how you form or store memories (anterograde amnesia), that kind of memory loss is permanent. Amnesia that affects how you retrieve memories (retrograde amnesia) may improve over time, depending on what caused it in the first place. […] Memory loss is more likely to be permanent when it happens because of conditions that permanently damage your brain or disrupt how it works (like Alzheimers disease).

• #35 Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/neurological-disorders/amnesia/

  Long dramatized in movies and novels, amnesia refers to a profound loss of memory thats temporary, permanent, or progressive (gets worse over time). […] Depending on the type and cause of amnesia, the condition can affect your ability to recall information or past experiences or even form new memories and learn new skills, significantly impacting your independence and quality of life. […] The signs and symptoms of amnesia differ depending on the type you have, and they include: Difficulty recalling past events or personal details, Inability to form new memories, Forgetting upcoming events, Trouble recognizing faces, Confusion or disorientation, Repeating questions or statements, Confabulation, or the subconscious invention of false memories to fill in gaps. […] The duration of amnesia varies. Transient global amnesia resolves within hours, while retrograde or anterograde amnesia may persist for years. Recovery depends on the underlying cause, your overall health, and how you respond to treatment, with some individuals regaining memories over time and others experiencing permanent gaps. […] Amnesia can significantly impact your quality of life and various aspects of it, including your personal relationships, employment, mental health and risks for conditions like anxiety and depression, independence.

• #36 Amnesia – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/brain-dysfunction/amnesia

  Amnesia is total or partial loss of the ability to recall experiences or events that happened in the preceding few seconds, in the preceding few days, further back in time, or after the event that caused the amnesia. […] How long memory loss lasts depends on the severity of the damage that caused it. […] Depending on the cause, amnesia may be […] Progressive (as occurs with disorders that cause progressive degeneration of the brain, such as Alzheimer disease). […] Depending on the severity of the damage, amnesias can last for minutes, hours, or longer. […] However, if brain damage is severe, the ability to form new memories may be lost.

• #37 Post-traumatic amnesia | Headway

  https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/effects-of-brain-injury/post-traumatic-amnesia/

  PTA may last for a few minutes, hours, days, weeks or even, in rare cases, months. […] PTA itself does not have any adverse effects, unless the persons behaviour causes them to injure themselves. However, the duration of PTA, along with length of time in coma, is often a good indicator of the severity of the brain injury and its likely long-term effects. […] People who experience PTA for more than 24 hours are likely to have sustained a severe brain injury and to experience long-term complications, whereas PTA of less than 1 hour is likely to indicate a minor brain injury.

• #38 Amnesia | Definition, Causes, Symptoms, & Facts | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/amnesia

  Amnesia, loss of memory that occurs most often as a result of damage to the brain from trauma, stroke, neurological or nutritional deficiencies (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency), alcohol or drug toxicity, or infection. […] Amnesia may be transient, progressive, or permanent. For example, in transient global amnesia, memory loss is complete but temporary, lasting up to 24 hours, after which memory is gradually regained. Memory loss in degenerative brain diseases, on the other hand, tends to be progressive. […] Childhood amnesia may or may not be permanent. […] When amnesia can be traced to severe emotional shock, in which personal memories (e.g., identity) are affected, the condition is typically referred to as dissociative amnesia. This condition seems to represent a psychological escape from or denial of memories that might cause anxiety.

• #39 Post-traumatic amnesia | Headway

  https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/effects-of-brain-injury/post-traumatic-amnesia/

  Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is the time after a period of unconsciousness when the injured person is conscious and awake, but is behaving or talking in a bizarre or uncharacteristic manner. […] The person has no continuous memory of day-to-day events, and recent events may be equally affected, so that they are unable to remember what happened a few hours or even a few minutes ago. […] The most obvious symptom is the loss of memory for the present time. The person may recognise family and friends but be unable to process the fact that they are in hospital or have had an injury of some kind. […] Other symptoms of PTA include: Confusion, agitation, distress and anxiety; Uncharacteristic behaviours such as violence, aggression, swearing, shouting, disinhibition; Inability to recognise familiar people; Tendency to wander; In some cases people may be very quiet, docil, loving and friendly.

• #40 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Transient global amnesia is a sudden onset of anterograde amnesia accompanied by a temporary period of retrograde amnesia, primarily affecting middle-aged and older individuals. These episodes typically last from 1 to 24 hours. […] Characterized by a combination of retrograde and anterograde amnesia, patients with transient global amnesia often repeat the same questions during the episode. They may experience disorientation regarding people and places but retain self-awareness. The condition is benign, typically resolving without recurrence and leaving no lasting neurological deficits. […] Once resolved, the symptoms of transient global amnesia rarely recur. When the patient recovers from the transient global amnesia episode, the retrograde amnesia recovers in a telescopic manner, with the most remote memory recovering before more recent events. The events occurring during the amnesic episode are typically permanently lost. No other neurological deficits are present with this condition.

• #41 Dissociative Amnesia – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-amnesia

  Most patients are partly or completely unaware that they have gaps in their memory. […] Patients have difficulty forming and maintaining relationships. […] Depressive and functional neurologic symptoms are common, as are suicidal and other self-destructive behaviors. Risk of suicidal behaviors may be increased when amnesia resolves suddenly and patients are overwhelmed by the traumatic memories. […] Sometimes memories return quickly, as can happen when patients are taken out of the traumatic or stressful situation (eg, combat). In other cases, amnesia, particularly in patients with dissociative fugue, persists for a long time. The capacity for dissociation may decrease with age. […] Most patients recover their missing memories, and amnesia resolves. However, some are never able to reconstruct their missing past.

• #42 Dissociative Amnesia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9789-dissociative-amnesia

  Stress and traumatic events later in life can also cause dissociative amnesia symptoms to reappear or get worse. […] Many people who have amnesia arent aware they have it. You might not realize you have memory gaps until someone else asks or mentions something you should remember but cant. Some people may feel upset, afraid or anxious about this. Others will seem indifferent or unbothered. […] Dissociative amnesia can range from mild and limited to severe and disabling. […] Most people will regain their memories over time. Treatment can speed up that process and help you manage the effects of regaining those memories, too. […] For some people, dissociative anemia may last weeks or months. For others, it may be permanent. […] The severity of dissociative amnesia often corresponds to the severity of the underlying cause(s) or contributing factor(s). The more severe the trauma that causes the amnesia, the more severe the amnesia and its effects will be.

• #43 Transient global amnesia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531

  Transient global amnesia is an episode of confusion that comes on suddenly in a person who is otherwise alert. […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, a person is unable to create new memory, so the memory of recent events disappears. […] The main symptom of transient global amnesia is being unable to create new memories and remember the recent past. […] You must have these signs and symptoms to be diagnosed with transient global amnesia: Sudden onset of confusion that includes memory loss, seen by a witness. […] Another common sign of transient global amnesia due to the inability to create new memories includes repetitive questioning, usually of the same question for example, „What am I doing here?” or „How did we get here?” […] Symptoms lasting no more than 24 hours and generally shorter. […] Gradual return of memory. […] Transient global amnesia has no direct complications. […] It’s possible to have a second episode of transient global amnesia, but it’s extremely rare to have more than two.

• #44 Amnesia: Types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/9673

  Any intolerable life situation that causes severe psychological stress and internal conflict can lead to some degree of amnesia. Psychological stressors are more likely to disrupt personal, historical memories rather than interfere with forming new memories. […] Amnesia often resolves on its own without treatment. […] A person should speak with a doctor to determine the reason for their memory loss. The sooner they start treatment, the more successful it is likely to be.

• #45 Amnesia: Symptoms, Types, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/amnesia

  When your hippocampus is impaired, you’ll have difficulty forming new memories. If your hippocampus is damaged in both halves of your brain, you can develop complete anterograde amnesia. […] Severe trauma or stress can also cause dissociative amnesia. With this condition, your mind rejects thoughts, feelings, or information that you’re too overwhelmed to handle. […] Amnesia from mild head trauma may resolve without treatment within minutes or hours. Amnesia from a severe head injury may last up to 1 week. In rare cases, amnesia from a very severe head injury may last for months. […] Although amnesia can be permanent in rare cases, it usually resolves on its own. Living with amnesia and performing day-to-day activities may be challenging, and you may need to rely on help from others. A healthy lifestyle may help lower your risk of amnesia.

• #46 Transient global amnesia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531

  Transient global amnesia is an episode of confusion that comes on suddenly in a person who is otherwise alert. […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, a person is unable to create new memory, so the memory of recent events disappears. […] The main symptom of transient global amnesia is being unable to create new memories and remember the recent past. […] You must have these signs and symptoms to be diagnosed with transient global amnesia: Sudden onset of confusion that includes memory loss, seen by a witness. […] Another common sign of transient global amnesia due to the inability to create new memories includes repetitive questioning, usually of the same question for example, „What am I doing here?” or „How did we get here?” […] Symptoms lasting no more than 24 hours and generally shorter. […] Gradual return of memory. […] Transient global amnesia has no direct complications. […] It’s possible to have a second episode of transient global amnesia, but it’s extremely rare to have more than two.

• #47 Amnesia: Symptoms, Types, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/amnesia

  When your hippocampus is impaired, you’ll have difficulty forming new memories. If your hippocampus is damaged in both halves of your brain, you can develop complete anterograde amnesia. […] Severe trauma or stress can also cause dissociative amnesia. With this condition, your mind rejects thoughts, feelings, or information that you’re too overwhelmed to handle. […] Amnesia from mild head trauma may resolve without treatment within minutes or hours. Amnesia from a severe head injury may last up to 1 week. In rare cases, amnesia from a very severe head injury may last for months. […] Although amnesia can be permanent in rare cases, it usually resolves on its own. Living with amnesia and performing day-to-day activities may be challenging, and you may need to rely on help from others. A healthy lifestyle may help lower your risk of amnesia.

• #48 Dissociative Amnesia – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-amnesia

  Most patients are partly or completely unaware that they have gaps in their memory. […] Patients have difficulty forming and maintaining relationships. […] Depressive and functional neurologic symptoms are common, as are suicidal and other self-destructive behaviors. Risk of suicidal behaviors may be increased when amnesia resolves suddenly and patients are overwhelmed by the traumatic memories. […] Sometimes memories return quickly, as can happen when patients are taken out of the traumatic or stressful situation (eg, combat). In other cases, amnesia, particularly in patients with dissociative fugue, persists for a long time. The capacity for dissociation may decrease with age. […] Most patients recover their missing memories, and amnesia resolves. However, some are never able to reconstruct their missing past.

• #49 The progression, signs and stages of dementia | Alzheimer’s Society

  https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/how-dementia-progresses/progression-stages-dementia

  Dementia is progressive. This means signs and symptoms may be relatively mild at first but they get worse with time. There are many different types of dementia and all of them are progressive. This means symptoms may be relatively mild at first but they get worse with time, usually over several years. As dementia progresses, a person will need more help and, at some point, will need a lot of support with daily living. […] Each type of dementia affects a different area of the brain in the early stages. This is why symptoms vary between the different types. For example, memory loss is common in early-stage Alzheimers but is very uncommon in early-stage FTD. […] As dementia progresses into the middle and later stages, the symptoms of the different dementia types tend to become more similar. This is because more of the brain is affected as dementia progresses.

• #50 The progression, signs and stages of dementia | Alzheimer’s Society

  https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/how-dementia-progresses/progression-stages-dementia

  Over time, the disease causing the dementia spreads to other parts of the brain. This leads to more symptoms because more of the brain is unable to work properly. At the same time, already-damaged areas of the brain become even more affected, causing symptoms the person already has to get worse. […] Eventually most parts of the brain are badly damaged by the disease. This causes major changes in all aspects of memory, thinking, language, emotions and behaviour, as well as physical problems. […] The speed at which dementia progresses varies a lot from person to person because of factors such as: the type of dementia for example, Alzheimers disease tends to progress more slowly than the other types; a persons age for example, Alzheimers disease generally progresses more slowly in older people (over 65) than in younger people (under 65); other long-term health problems dementia tends to progress more quickly if the person is living with other conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes or high blood pressure, particularly if these are not well-managed. […] There is no way to be sure how quickly a persons dementia will progress. Some people with dementia will need support very soon after their diagnosis. In contrast, others will stay independent for several years.

• #51 Amnesia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/amnesia

  Amnesia varies in severity and scope. But even mild amnesia takes a toll on daily activities and quality of life. The syndrome can cause problems at work, at school and in social settings. It may not be possible to recover lost memories. Some people with severe memory problems need to be supervised or need to live in a care facility. […] Treatment for amnesia focuses on strategies to help make up for the memory problem. It’s also important to address underlying diseases causing the amnesia. You may work with an occupational therapist to learn new information and replace what was lost. Or you may use intact memories as a basis for taking in new information. […] Memory training also may include strategies for organizing information so that it’s easier to remember and for better understanding when talking to others. Many people with amnesia find it helpful to use smart technology, such as a smartphone or a hand-held tablet.

• #52 Anterograde amnesia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterograde_amnesia

  In neurology, anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories after an event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact. […] People with anterograde amnesic syndromes may present widely varying degrees of forgetfulness. Some with severe cases have a combined form of anterograde and retrograde amnesia, sometimes called global amnesia. […] In most cases of anterograde amnesia, patients lose declarative memory, or the recollection of facts, but they retain nondeclarative memory, often called procedural memory. […] Patients have a diminished ability to remember the temporal context in which objects were presented. […] This disorder is usually acquired in one of four ways: One cause is benzodiazepine drugs such as midazolam, flunitrazepam, lorazepam, temazepam, nitrazepam, triazolam, clonazepam, alprazolam, diazepam, and nimetazepam.

• #53 Anterograde Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-anterograde-amnesia-4581313

  Anterograde amnesia is a rare but serious form of memory loss in which a person cannot create new memories after an amnesia-inducing event. It may involve either a partial or total inability to remember new information. […] Anterograde amnesia affects the formation of new memories but does not affect memories before the condition’s onset. It can make daily functioning difficult since people cannot retain essential details such as the people they meet and other things they’ve learned. […] While it is sometimes temporary, anterograde memory loss can also be permanent. […] Anterograde amnesia is thought to involve the failure to encode (or possibly retrieve) new memories. There are also different levels of severity of anterograde amnesia. […] Some people might forget a recent meal or a new phone number, for example, while others might forget what they were doing 30 seconds ago.

• #54 Anterograde Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-anterograde-amnesia-4581313

  Anterograde amnesia is a rare but serious form of memory loss in which a person cannot create new memories after an amnesia-inducing event. It may involve either a partial or total inability to remember new information. […] Anterograde amnesia affects the formation of new memories but does not affect memories before the condition’s onset. It can make daily functioning difficult since people cannot retain essential details such as the people they meet and other things they’ve learned. […] While it is sometimes temporary, anterograde memory loss can also be permanent. […] Anterograde amnesia is thought to involve the failure to encode (or possibly retrieve) new memories. There are also different levels of severity of anterograde amnesia. […] Some people might forget a recent meal or a new phone number, for example, while others might forget what they were doing 30 seconds ago.

• #55 Anterograde Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/anterograde-amnesia-7255000

  Anterograde amnesia is a type of amnesia that refers to an inability to create new memories. This hinders the ability to learn something new. […] The inability to create new memories means that people with anterograde amnesia forget things they just learned or experienced, like the identity of someone they just met or the meal they had earlier in the day. […] As anterograde amnesia affects the ability to create new memories, symptoms involve not being able to remember new information. For example, someone with anterograde amnesia may forget things like: The last meal they ate, A new piece of information they learned, Someone they just met, A conversation they just had. […] Anterograde amnesia can be thought of as short-term memory loss. Someone with anterograde amnesia will have issues remembering things that happen after the event that caused their amnesia.

• #56 Anterograde Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-anterograde-amnesia-4581313

  Because people with anterograde amnesia cannot create new memories, someone with this form of amnesia will forget things such as a person they just met, what they ate last, new phone numbers, recent life changes, and things they recently learned. […] A person with anterograde amnesia symptoms might remember how to make a phone call but they don’t remember what they did earlier this morning. […] While some cases of anterograde amnesia may be temporary, this condition is usually permanent and may become worse over time. […] There are multiple potential causes of anterograde amnesia, all of which involve some sort of trauma or stress to the brain. […] Diagnosing anterograde amnesia can involve using brain scan technology such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scan. […] While there is no cure for anterograde amnesia, some recovery and rehabilitation may be possible even with permanent damage. […] Some self-help strategies may help people living with anterograde amnesia.

• #57 Anterograde Amnesia: Symptoms & Causes | Vaia

  https://www.vaia.com/en-us/explanations/psychology/memory-studies-in-psychology/anterograde-amnesia/

  Anterograde amnesia primarily affects the memory processes of encoding and storage, making it hard to integrate new information, while retrieval of past memories generally remains intact. […] Common symptoms of anterograde amnesia include an inability to form new memories, immediate forgetting of recent events, and reliance on external cues for memory assistance. […] The psychological effects of anterograde amnesia can significantly impact daily life, leading to anxiety, depression, embarrassment, and frustration due to the challenges in remembering new experiences. […] Causes of anterograde amnesia often include brain injuries and certain medical conditions, like encephalitis or traumatic brain injuries, that damage areas of the brain responsible for memory formation. […] Anterograde amnesia differs from retrograde amnesia, as the former impedes the creation of new memories while the latter affects the recall of memories formed prior to the onset.

• #58 Anterograde Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-anterograde-amnesia-4581313

  Because people with anterograde amnesia cannot create new memories, someone with this form of amnesia will forget things such as a person they just met, what they ate last, new phone numbers, recent life changes, and things they recently learned. […] A person with anterograde amnesia symptoms might remember how to make a phone call but they don’t remember what they did earlier this morning. […] While some cases of anterograde amnesia may be temporary, this condition is usually permanent and may become worse over time. […] There are multiple potential causes of anterograde amnesia, all of which involve some sort of trauma or stress to the brain. […] Diagnosing anterograde amnesia can involve using brain scan technology such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scan. […] While there is no cure for anterograde amnesia, some recovery and rehabilitation may be possible even with permanent damage. […] Some self-help strategies may help people living with anterograde amnesia.

• #59 Amnesia: Symptoms, Types, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/amnesia

  Amnesia refers to memory loss. There are many types of amnesia, each with different causes. While some types of amnesia are temporary, others can be permanent. […] The primary symptom of amnesia is memory loss or the inability to form new memories. If you have amnesia, you may experience the following: difficulty recalling facts, events, places, or specific details (which can range from what you ate this morning to the name of the current president), an impaired ability to learn new information, confusion, an inability to recognize locations or faces, confabulation, in which your brain subconsciously invents false memories to fill in memory gaps. […] When you have anterograde amnesia, you can’t form new memories. This effect can be temporary. For example, you can experience it during a blackout caused by too much alcohol. It can also be permanent. You can experience it if the area of your brain known as the hippocampus is damaged. Your hippocampus plays an important role in forming memories.

• #60 Amnesia: Symptoms, Types, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/amnesia

  When your hippocampus is impaired, you’ll have difficulty forming new memories. If your hippocampus is damaged in both halves of your brain, you can develop complete anterograde amnesia. […] Severe trauma or stress can also cause dissociative amnesia. With this condition, your mind rejects thoughts, feelings, or information that you’re too overwhelmed to handle. […] Amnesia from mild head trauma may resolve without treatment within minutes or hours. Amnesia from a severe head injury may last up to 1 week. In rare cases, amnesia from a very severe head injury may last for months. […] Although amnesia can be permanent in rare cases, it usually resolves on its own. Living with amnesia and performing day-to-day activities may be challenging, and you may need to rely on help from others. A healthy lifestyle may help lower your risk of amnesia.

• #61 Anterograde Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/an-overview-of-anterograde-amnesia-4581313

  Because people with anterograde amnesia cannot create new memories, someone with this form of amnesia will forget things such as a person they just met, what they ate last, new phone numbers, recent life changes, and things they recently learned. […] A person with anterograde amnesia symptoms might remember how to make a phone call but they don’t remember what they did earlier this morning. […] While some cases of anterograde amnesia may be temporary, this condition is usually permanent and may become worse over time. […] There are multiple potential causes of anterograde amnesia, all of which involve some sort of trauma or stress to the brain. […] Diagnosing anterograde amnesia can involve using brain scan technology such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scan. […] While there is no cure for anterograde amnesia, some recovery and rehabilitation may be possible even with permanent damage. […] Some self-help strategies may help people living with anterograde amnesia.

• #62 Retrograde Amnesia: Definition, Signs, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/retrograde-amnesia-definition-signs-causes-and-treatment-6560983

  Retrograde amnesia is a form of memory loss that involves an inability to access memories formed before the onset of amnesia. It is caused by damage to the regions of the brain associated with memory storage. It affects retrograde memory, which is defined as information that occurred before a particular point in time, such as the onset of a brain injury or other type of condition. […] Retrograde amnesia is sometimes temporary but can also be permanent or progressive. The severity and duration of this type of amnesia depend on what is causing it. […] The symptoms of retrograde amnesia can vary depending on the nature and severity of the injury. Common signs that a person may experience include: Not being able to remember events that occurred before the onset of amnesia, forgetting facts and general knowledge that they learned before the onset of amnesia, not being able to remember names, faces, places, dates, and other facts that were learned before the injury occurred, retaining skills and abilities that were burned before the onset of amnesia, being able to recall older long-term memories such as events that occurred during childhood.

• #63 Retrograde Amnesia: Definition, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://psychcentral.com/health/retrograde-amnesia

  Retrograde amnesia can affect your ability to recall past memories. […] Amnesia is a severe form of memory loss that affects the way your brain creates, stores, and recalls memories. […] Retrograde amnesia causes a partial or complete loss of memories related to events or experiences that happened prior to the amnesia. […] When someone develops retrograde amnesia, they may have little to no memory of what happened in the months or years leading up to the amnesia. […] The primary symptom of retrograde amnesia is memory loss of past events. […] Some of these symptoms may include: not being able to remember what happened before the event that caused the amnesia, having trouble recalling people, places, or experiences from the period before the event, being able to remember distant memories, such as those from childhood or early life, being able to remember skills or abilities before the amnesia, like playing the piano, in severe cases, not being able to remember personal details about oneself. […] Retrograde amnesia is a form of amnesia that makes it difficult for a person to recall experiences or events before a specific point in time.

• #64 Retrograde Amnesia: Definition, Signs, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/retrograde-amnesia-definition-signs-causes-and-treatment-6560983

  Retrograde amnesia is a form of memory loss that involves an inability to access memories formed before the onset of amnesia. It is caused by damage to the regions of the brain associated with memory storage. It affects retrograde memory, which is defined as information that occurred before a particular point in time, such as the onset of a brain injury or other type of condition. […] Retrograde amnesia is sometimes temporary but can also be permanent or progressive. The severity and duration of this type of amnesia depend on what is causing it. […] The symptoms of retrograde amnesia can vary depending on the nature and severity of the injury. Common signs that a person may experience include: Not being able to remember events that occurred before the onset of amnesia, forgetting facts and general knowledge that they learned before the onset of amnesia, not being able to remember names, faces, places, dates, and other facts that were learned before the injury occurred, retaining skills and abilities that were burned before the onset of amnesia, being able to recall older long-term memories such as events that occurred during childhood.

• #65 Retrograde Amnesia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/retrograde-amnesia

  Symptoms include: not remembering things that happened before the onset of amnesia, forgetting names, people, faces, places, facts, and general knowledge from before the onset of amnesia, remembering skills like riding a bike, playing the piano, and driving a car, retaining older memories, especially from childhood and adolescence. […] Someone with this condition may or may not be able to make new memories and learn new skills. […] Retrograde amnesia can result from damage to different parts of the brain responsible for controlling emotions and memories. […] Alzheimers disease and other degenerative dementias can lead to progressively worsening retrograde amnesia. […] Depending on the cause, retrograde amnesia might get better, worse, or remain fixed throughout life.

• #66 Retrograde Amnesia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/retrograde-amnesia

  Symptoms include: not remembering things that happened before the onset of amnesia, forgetting names, people, faces, places, facts, and general knowledge from before the onset of amnesia, remembering skills like riding a bike, playing the piano, and driving a car, retaining older memories, especially from childhood and adolescence. […] Someone with this condition may or may not be able to make new memories and learn new skills. […] Retrograde amnesia can result from damage to different parts of the brain responsible for controlling emotions and memories. […] Alzheimers disease and other degenerative dementias can lead to progressively worsening retrograde amnesia. […] Depending on the cause, retrograde amnesia might get better, worse, or remain fixed throughout life.

• #67 Retrograde Amnesia: Definition, Signs, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/retrograde-amnesia-definition-signs-causes-and-treatment-6560983

  Some people only lose their memories of events that happened before they began to experience amnesia, which means they can form new memories. In other cases, people will have both retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia, which means they will also be unable to create new memories. […] The extent of the lost memory depends on the source and severity of the amnesia. Sometimes people will be less severely affected and may be able to remember events that occurred a few years before their injury. In other cases, people may lose nearly all of their adult memories. […] While this memory loss can be severe, people are generally able to retain memories from childhood and adolescence. […] Retrograde amnesia is caused by damage to parts of the brain that play a role in memory and emotion. This may include injury, illness, and stress. Potential causes include: Cardiac arrest, disease, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), infections, nutritional deficiencies, seizures, traumatic brain injury (TBI).

• #68 Retrograde Amnesia Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/retrograde-amnesia-overview-and-more-5207577

  Retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember past experiences. It is specifically characterized by the loss of information or memories acquired before the event that caused the amnesia. […] The main symptom of retrograde amnesia is memory loss of past events. The symptoms depend primarily on the type of amnesia and can vary significantly from a few days to weeks or even from years to decades. […] The prognosis depends significantly on the source of the amnesia. In some cases, memory loss is brief, lasting only days or weeks. However, memory loss can last for years or even be permanent for others. With a condition like Alzheimers, memory loss may even get worse over time. […] Memory loss can be temporary, long-lasting, or even permanent.

• #69 Retrograde Amnesia Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/retrograde-amnesia-overview-and-more-5207577

  Retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember past experiences. It is specifically characterized by the loss of information or memories acquired before the event that caused the amnesia. […] The main symptom of retrograde amnesia is memory loss of past events. The symptoms depend primarily on the type of amnesia and can vary significantly from a few days to weeks or even from years to decades. […] The prognosis depends significantly on the source of the amnesia. In some cases, memory loss is brief, lasting only days or weeks. However, memory loss can last for years or even be permanent for others. With a condition like Alzheimers, memory loss may even get worse over time. […] Memory loss can be temporary, long-lasting, or even permanent.

• #70 Dissociative Amnesia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9789-dissociative-amnesia

  Dissociative amnesia is when you cant remember important information about yourself. These memories are often distressing or upsetting events. Its most likely to happen with severe or long-term trauma, especially experiencing abuse, neglect or violence of any kind. This condition is treatable, and most people can regain their memories. […] Dissociative amnesia often happens because of very traumatic experiences, including abuse, war and natural disasters. People with dissociative amnesia have an increased risk of self-harm or suicidal behaviors. […] The main symptom of dissociative amnesia is memory loss. That memory loss can take different forms. Some people experience just one form, while others have multiple forms. […] Dissociative amnesia can happen in connection with one-time, isolated events or long-term stress or trauma.

• #71 Dissociative Amnesia – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-amnesia

  Dissociative amnesia is a type of dissociative disorder that involves inability to recall important personal information that would not typically be lost with ordinary forgetting. It is usually caused by trauma or stress. Diagnosis is based on history after ruling out other causes of amnesia. Treatment is psychotherapy, sometimes combined with hypnosis or medication-facilitated interviews. […] The main symptom of dissociative amnesia is memory loss that is inconsistent with normal forgetfulness. The amnesia may be for a discrete period of time, for certain types of experiences, or for large portions of childhood. […] Localized amnesia involves being unable to recall a specific event or events or a specific period of time; these gaps in memory are usually related to trauma or stress. […] In generalized amnesia, patients forget their identity and life historyeg, who they are, where they went, to whom they spoke, and what they did, said, thought, experienced, and felt.

• #72 Amnesia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesia

  Among specific causes of amnesia are the following: Electroconvulsive therapy in which seizures are electrically induced in patients for therapeutic effect can have acute effects including both retrograde and anterograde amnesia. […] Anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories due to brain damage, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact. […] Retrograde amnesia is inability to recall memories before onset of amnesia. […] Post-traumatic amnesia is generally due to a head injury. […] Dissociative amnesia results from a psychological cause as opposed to direct damage to the brain caused by head injury, physical trauma or disease, which is known as organic amnesia. […] Many forms of amnesia fix themselves without being treated. However, there are a few ways to cope with memory loss if treatment is needed.

• #73 Dissociative Amnesia – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-amnesia

  Dissociative amnesia is a type of dissociative disorder that involves inability to recall important personal information that would not typically be lost with ordinary forgetting. It is usually caused by trauma or stress. Diagnosis is based on history after ruling out other causes of amnesia. Treatment is psychotherapy, sometimes combined with hypnosis or medication-facilitated interviews. […] The main symptom of dissociative amnesia is memory loss that is inconsistent with normal forgetfulness. The amnesia may be for a discrete period of time, for certain types of experiences, or for large portions of childhood. […] Localized amnesia involves being unable to recall a specific event or events or a specific period of time; these gaps in memory are usually related to trauma or stress. […] In generalized amnesia, patients forget their identity and life historyeg, who they are, where they went, to whom they spoke, and what they did, said, thought, experienced, and felt.

• #74 Dissociative Amnesia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9789-dissociative-amnesia

  Dissociative amnesia is when you cant remember important information about yourself. These memories are often distressing or upsetting events. Its most likely to happen with severe or long-term trauma, especially experiencing abuse, neglect or violence of any kind. This condition is treatable, and most people can regain their memories. […] Dissociative amnesia often happens because of very traumatic experiences, including abuse, war and natural disasters. People with dissociative amnesia have an increased risk of self-harm or suicidal behaviors. […] The main symptom of dissociative amnesia is memory loss. That memory loss can take different forms. Some people experience just one form, while others have multiple forms. […] Dissociative amnesia can happen in connection with one-time, isolated events or long-term stress or trauma.

• #75 Dissociative Amnesia – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-amnesia

  Dissociative amnesia is a type of dissociative disorder that involves inability to recall important personal information that would not typically be lost with ordinary forgetting. It is usually caused by trauma or stress. Diagnosis is based on history after ruling out other causes of amnesia. Treatment is psychotherapy, sometimes combined with hypnosis or medication-facilitated interviews. […] The main symptom of dissociative amnesia is memory loss that is inconsistent with normal forgetfulness. The amnesia may be for a discrete period of time, for certain types of experiences, or for large portions of childhood. […] Localized amnesia involves being unable to recall a specific event or events or a specific period of time; these gaps in memory are usually related to trauma or stress. […] In generalized amnesia, patients forget their identity and life historyeg, who they are, where they went, to whom they spoke, and what they did, said, thought, experienced, and felt.

• #76 Dissociative Amnesia – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/dissociative-disorders/dissociative-amnesia

  Dissociative amnesia is a type of dissociative disorder that involves inability to recall important personal information that would not typically be lost with ordinary forgetting. It is usually caused by trauma or stress. Diagnosis is based on history after ruling out other causes of amnesia. Treatment is psychotherapy, sometimes combined with hypnosis or medication-facilitated interviews. […] The main symptom of dissociative amnesia is memory loss that is inconsistent with normal forgetfulness. The amnesia may be for a discrete period of time, for certain types of experiences, or for large portions of childhood. […] Localized amnesia involves being unable to recall a specific event or events or a specific period of time; these gaps in memory are usually related to trauma or stress. […] In generalized amnesia, patients forget their identity and life historyeg, who they are, where they went, to whom they spoke, and what they did, said, thought, experienced, and felt.

• #77 Dissociative Amnesia DSM-5 300.12 (F44.0)

  https://www.theravive.com/therapedia/dissociative-amnesia-dsm–5-300.12-(f44.0)

  DA is often comorbid with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). […] Dissociative fugue, formerly a separate disorder, is a subtype of amnesia under DSM-V. […] DA can have adverse effects on a career. […] A multicomponent treatment may be pursued. The main treatment approaches involve psychotherapy, including dream analysis, to retrieve the hidden memories, and memory training. […] Hypnotism is an increasingly explored treatment but also a controversial one. […] The media and mental health field are fascinated by cases of dissociative fugue, a rare condition that is no longer classified as a disorder but a subtype of DA under DSM-V.

• #78 Dissociative Amnesia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9789-dissociative-amnesia

  Stress and traumatic events later in life can also cause dissociative amnesia symptoms to reappear or get worse. […] Many people who have amnesia arent aware they have it. You might not realize you have memory gaps until someone else asks or mentions something you should remember but cant. Some people may feel upset, afraid or anxious about this. Others will seem indifferent or unbothered. […] Dissociative amnesia can range from mild and limited to severe and disabling. […] Most people will regain their memories over time. Treatment can speed up that process and help you manage the effects of regaining those memories, too. […] For some people, dissociative anemia may last weeks or months. For others, it may be permanent. […] The severity of dissociative amnesia often corresponds to the severity of the underlying cause(s) or contributing factor(s). The more severe the trauma that causes the amnesia, the more severe the amnesia and its effects will be.

• #79 Dissociative Amnesia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9789-dissociative-amnesia

  Stress and traumatic events later in life can also cause dissociative amnesia symptoms to reappear or get worse. […] Many people who have amnesia arent aware they have it. You might not realize you have memory gaps until someone else asks or mentions something you should remember but cant. Some people may feel upset, afraid or anxious about this. Others will seem indifferent or unbothered. […] Dissociative amnesia can range from mild and limited to severe and disabling. […] Most people will regain their memories over time. Treatment can speed up that process and help you manage the effects of regaining those memories, too. […] For some people, dissociative anemia may last weeks or months. For others, it may be permanent. […] The severity of dissociative amnesia often corresponds to the severity of the underlying cause(s) or contributing factor(s). The more severe the trauma that causes the amnesia, the more severe the amnesia and its effects will be.

• #80 Dissociative Amnesia: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Statistics

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/dissociative-amnesia/

  A common symptom of dissociative amnesia is the inability to remember certain past experiences or personal information. […] Dissociative amnesia symptoms may include: Forgetting personal information about oneself, Blocking out specific traumatic events, Not remembering certain friends, family members or coworkers, Have trouble recalling incidents following a traumatic event. […] Most situations of dissociative amnesia are temporary, though memory gaps can last anywhere from a few minutes to an entire lifespan.

• #81 Dissociative Amnesia: Types, Symptoms, Causes, and Statistics

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/dissociative-amnesia/

  A common symptom of dissociative amnesia is the inability to remember certain past experiences or personal information. […] Dissociative amnesia symptoms may include: Forgetting personal information about oneself, Blocking out specific traumatic events, Not remembering certain friends, family members or coworkers, Have trouble recalling incidents following a traumatic event. […] Most situations of dissociative amnesia are temporary, though memory gaps can last anywhere from a few minutes to an entire lifespan.

• #82 Dissociative Amnesia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9789-dissociative-amnesia

  Stress and traumatic events later in life can also cause dissociative amnesia symptoms to reappear or get worse. […] Many people who have amnesia arent aware they have it. You might not realize you have memory gaps until someone else asks or mentions something you should remember but cant. Some people may feel upset, afraid or anxious about this. Others will seem indifferent or unbothered. […] Dissociative amnesia can range from mild and limited to severe and disabling. […] Most people will regain their memories over time. Treatment can speed up that process and help you manage the effects of regaining those memories, too. […] For some people, dissociative anemia may last weeks or months. For others, it may be permanent. […] The severity of dissociative amnesia often corresponds to the severity of the underlying cause(s) or contributing factor(s). The more severe the trauma that causes the amnesia, the more severe the amnesia and its effects will be.

• #83 Dissociative Amnesia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9789-dissociative-amnesia

  People with severe dissociative amnesia who dont recover their memories may find that memory loss disrupts their lives. It can affect their ability to form relationships (romantic and otherwise). […] Recovering memories can also come with its own challenges. Some feel overwhelmed and struggle to deal with the feelings and memories. Treatment is critical for people going through this because the risk of dangerous behaviors, including self-harm and suicide, is much higher.

• #84 Transient global amnesia

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/t/transient-global-amnesia2/?section=Symptoms

  Transient global amnesia is a sudden, temporary episode of memory loss that can’t be attributed to a more common neurological condition, such as epilepsy or stroke. […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, your recall of recent events simply vanishes, so you can’t remember where you are or how you got there. […] The condition most often affects people in middle or older age. […] Episodes of transient global amnesia always improve gradually over a few hours. […] Transient global amnesia is identified by its main symptom, which is the inability to form new memories and to recall the recent past. […] These signs and symptoms must be present to diagnose transient global amnesia: Sudden onset of memory loss, verified by a witness; Retention of personal identity despite memory loss; Normal cognition, such as the ability to recognize and name familiar objects and follow simple directions; Absence of signs indicating damage to a particular area of the brain, such as limb paralysis, involuntary movement or impaired word recognition.

• #85 Transient global amnesia

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/t/transient-global-amnesia2/?section=Symptoms

  Transient global amnesia is a sudden, temporary episode of memory loss that can’t be attributed to a more common neurological condition, such as epilepsy or stroke. […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, your recall of recent events simply vanishes, so you can’t remember where you are or how you got there. […] The condition most often affects people in middle or older age. […] Episodes of transient global amnesia always improve gradually over a few hours. […] Transient global amnesia is identified by its main symptom, which is the inability to form new memories and to recall the recent past. […] These signs and symptoms must be present to diagnose transient global amnesia: Sudden onset of memory loss, verified by a witness; Retention of personal identity despite memory loss; Normal cognition, such as the ability to recognize and name familiar objects and follow simple directions; Absence of signs indicating damage to a particular area of the brain, such as limb paralysis, involuntary movement or impaired word recognition.

• #86 Transient global amnesia

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/t/transient-global-amnesia2/?section=Symptoms

  Transient global amnesia is a sudden, temporary episode of memory loss that can’t be attributed to a more common neurological condition, such as epilepsy or stroke. […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, your recall of recent events simply vanishes, so you can’t remember where you are or how you got there. […] The condition most often affects people in middle or older age. […] Episodes of transient global amnesia always improve gradually over a few hours. […] Transient global amnesia is identified by its main symptom, which is the inability to form new memories and to recall the recent past. […] These signs and symptoms must be present to diagnose transient global amnesia: Sudden onset of memory loss, verified by a witness; Retention of personal identity despite memory loss; Normal cognition, such as the ability to recognize and name familiar objects and follow simple directions; Absence of signs indicating damage to a particular area of the brain, such as limb paralysis, involuntary movement or impaired word recognition.

• #87 Transient global amnesia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531

  Transient global amnesia is an episode of confusion that comes on suddenly in a person who is otherwise alert. […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, a person is unable to create new memory, so the memory of recent events disappears. […] The main symptom of transient global amnesia is being unable to create new memories and remember the recent past. […] You must have these signs and symptoms to be diagnosed with transient global amnesia: Sudden onset of confusion that includes memory loss, seen by a witness. […] Another common sign of transient global amnesia due to the inability to create new memories includes repetitive questioning, usually of the same question for example, „What am I doing here?” or „How did we get here?” […] Symptoms lasting no more than 24 hours and generally shorter. […] Gradual return of memory. […] Transient global amnesia has no direct complications. […] It’s possible to have a second episode of transient global amnesia, but it’s extremely rare to have more than two.

• #88 TGA, though frightening, is considered benign | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/tga-though-frightening-considered-benign

  Physical symptoms can include the dizziness that you experienced, which in some cases can lead to feeling nauseated and vomiting. Anxiety or headache can also occur. […] The focus is on supportive care for the duration of the episode. This includes keeping the person safe and comfortable and managing their anxiety. Physical symptoms commonly begin to improve within hours of the onset of TGA, and anterograde memory gradually returns. Once an episode ends, it is uncommon for symptoms to recur.

• #89 Transient global amnesia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531

  Transient global amnesia is an episode of confusion that comes on suddenly in a person who is otherwise alert. […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, a person is unable to create new memory, so the memory of recent events disappears. […] The main symptom of transient global amnesia is being unable to create new memories and remember the recent past. […] You must have these signs and symptoms to be diagnosed with transient global amnesia: Sudden onset of confusion that includes memory loss, seen by a witness. […] Another common sign of transient global amnesia due to the inability to create new memories includes repetitive questioning, usually of the same question for example, „What am I doing here?” or „How did we get here?” […] Symptoms lasting no more than 24 hours and generally shorter. […] Gradual return of memory. […] Transient global amnesia has no direct complications. […] It’s possible to have a second episode of transient global amnesia, but it’s extremely rare to have more than two.

• #90 Transient global amnesia

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/t/transient-global-amnesia2/?section=Symptoms

  Additional symptoms and history that may help diagnose transient global amnesia: Duration of no more than 24 hours and generally shorter; Gradual return of memory; No recent head injury; No evidence of seizures during the period of amnesia; No history of active epilepsy. […] A common feature of transient global amnesia includes repetitive questioning, usually of the same question — for example, „What am I doing here?” or „How did we get here?” […] Diagnosis of transient global amnesia rests on excluding more-serious conditions — stroke, seizure or head injury, for example — that can cause the same type of memory loss. […] No treatment is needed for transient global amnesia. It resolves on its own and has no known lasting effects.

• #91 TGA, though frightening, is considered benign | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/tga-though-frightening-considered-benign

  Physical symptoms can include the dizziness that you experienced, which in some cases can lead to feeling nauseated and vomiting. Anxiety or headache can also occur. […] The focus is on supportive care for the duration of the episode. This includes keeping the person safe and comfortable and managing their anxiety. Physical symptoms commonly begin to improve within hours of the onset of TGA, and anterograde memory gradually returns. Once an episode ends, it is uncommon for symptoms to recur.

• #92 Transient Global Amnesia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442001/

  Most cases of transient global amnesia occur as isolated events with favorable outcomes and negligible morbidity or mortality reported. Although recurrences are possible, their incidence varies from 2.9% to 26.3% over different follow-up periods, with a 10-year study showing a recurrence rate of 6.3%. […] Complications directly attributable to transient global amnesia are rare, given its typically benign and self-limiting nature. However, the episodic nature of transient global amnesia can lead to significant anxiety and distress for patients and their families during the acute episode. […] Despite these considerations, most patients with transient global amnesia experience complete resolution of symptoms without long-term complications or functional impairment.

• #93 Post-traumatic amnesia | Headway

  https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/effects-of-brain-injury/post-traumatic-amnesia/

  Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is the time after a period of unconsciousness when the injured person is conscious and awake, but is behaving or talking in a bizarre or uncharacteristic manner. […] The person has no continuous memory of day-to-day events, and recent events may be equally affected, so that they are unable to remember what happened a few hours or even a few minutes ago. […] The most obvious symptom is the loss of memory for the present time. The person may recognise family and friends but be unable to process the fact that they are in hospital or have had an injury of some kind. […] Other symptoms of PTA include: Confusion, agitation, distress and anxiety; Uncharacteristic behaviours such as violence, aggression, swearing, shouting, disinhibition; Inability to recognise familiar people; Tendency to wander; In some cases people may be very quiet, docil, loving and friendly.

• #94 Amnesia: Symptoms, Types, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/neurological-health/amnesia

  Most people hospitalized for a traumatic brain injury experience post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). PTA may occur after a period of unconsciousness. You’re awake, but you may behave and speak in a bizarre manner that’s not like yourself. You may not be able to remember events from minutes or hours ago. The length of time that PTA lasts may indicate the severity of the brain injury. PTA may last for less than 1 hour for mild trauma or over 24 hours for a severe brain injury. […] Amnesia has a variety of causes. A memory’s location in your brain is thought to depend on its age. To lose old memories, you must have widespread brain deterioration. This can be caused by Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia. People with dementia usually lose more recent memories first and keep older memories longer.

• #95 Post-traumatic amnesia | Headway

  https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/effects-of-brain-injury/post-traumatic-amnesia/

  Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is the time after a period of unconsciousness when the injured person is conscious and awake, but is behaving or talking in a bizarre or uncharacteristic manner. […] The person has no continuous memory of day-to-day events, and recent events may be equally affected, so that they are unable to remember what happened a few hours or even a few minutes ago. […] The most obvious symptom is the loss of memory for the present time. The person may recognise family and friends but be unable to process the fact that they are in hospital or have had an injury of some kind. […] Other symptoms of PTA include: Confusion, agitation, distress and anxiety; Uncharacteristic behaviours such as violence, aggression, swearing, shouting, disinhibition; Inability to recognise familiar people; Tendency to wander; In some cases people may be very quiet, docil, loving and friendly.

• #96 Post-traumatic amnesia | Headway

  https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/effects-of-brain-injury/post-traumatic-amnesia/

  Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is the time after a period of unconsciousness when the injured person is conscious and awake, but is behaving or talking in a bizarre or uncharacteristic manner. […] The person has no continuous memory of day-to-day events, and recent events may be equally affected, so that they are unable to remember what happened a few hours or even a few minutes ago. […] The most obvious symptom is the loss of memory for the present time. The person may recognise family and friends but be unable to process the fact that they are in hospital or have had an injury of some kind. […] Other symptoms of PTA include: Confusion, agitation, distress and anxiety; Uncharacteristic behaviours such as violence, aggression, swearing, shouting, disinhibition; Inability to recognise familiar people; Tendency to wander; In some cases people may be very quiet, docil, loving and friendly.

• #97 What You Need to Know About Post-Traumatic Amnesia After a Head Injury | UNC Health Talkhealth wellnessstethoscopeStorieshealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriestwitter-iconfacebook-iconpinterest-iconemail-iconhealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriesfacebooktwitteryout

  https://healthtalk.unchealthcare.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-post-traumatic-amnesia-after-a-head-injury/

  “People with post-traumatic amnesia tend to be unable to remember the injury itself, as well as a short period of time before or after the trauma,” Dr. Carneiro says. “This memory loss may be a protective mechanism by the brain, as it may be easier to not remember that moment of the trauma.” […] The extent of what’s forgotten may vary from person to person, but Dr. Carneiro says some form of memory loss is a common part of a brain injury. […] Post-traumatic amnesia is usually accompanied by concussion symptoms, including balance issues, vision problems, dizziness, neck pain, headaches, an inability to think clearly, and changes in mood such as depression and irritability. […] “People tend to regain their memory, though it’s common to never remember the moment of injury,” Dr. Carneiro says. “Memories typically come back in a few days. For some people, it’s a few hours, and for others, it could be a few weeks or a few months.”

• #98 What You Need to Know About Post-Traumatic Amnesia After a Head Injury | UNC Health Talkhealth wellnessstethoscopeStorieshealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriestwitter-iconfacebook-iconpinterest-iconemail-iconhealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriesfacebooktwitteryout

  https://healthtalk.unchealthcare.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-post-traumatic-amnesia-after-a-head-injury/

  You might have seen it in movies or on television: A character wakes up in the hospital after an accident and has no idea who they are or what happened to them. […] Your idea about amnesia, or loss of memory, may come from its depiction on screen, but it is important to know that memory impairment is one of the effects of a concussion or brain injury and not limited to dramatic plot points. People with amnesia typically don’t forget their identities, but if you know someone who was in a car accident or involved in a collision while playing sports, the head injury could result in post-traumatic amnesia. […] Post-traumatic amnesia happens after an injury to the head. It can involve the inability to remember events that took place before the event that caused amnesia (called retrograde amnesia) or the inability to remember new information after the event (called anterograde amnesia). It can also be a combination of both.

• #99 Post-traumatic amnesia | Headway

  https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/effects-of-brain-injury/post-traumatic-amnesia/

  PTA may last for a few minutes, hours, days, weeks or even, in rare cases, months. […] PTA itself does not have any adverse effects, unless the persons behaviour causes them to injure themselves. However, the duration of PTA, along with length of time in coma, is often a good indicator of the severity of the brain injury and its likely long-term effects. […] People who experience PTA for more than 24 hours are likely to have sustained a severe brain injury and to experience long-term complications, whereas PTA of less than 1 hour is likely to indicate a minor brain injury.

• #100 Post-traumatic amnesia | Headway

  https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/individuals/effects-of-brain-injury/post-traumatic-amnesia/

  PTA may last for a few minutes, hours, days, weeks or even, in rare cases, months. […] PTA itself does not have any adverse effects, unless the persons behaviour causes them to injure themselves. However, the duration of PTA, along with length of time in coma, is often a good indicator of the severity of the brain injury and its likely long-term effects. […] People who experience PTA for more than 24 hours are likely to have sustained a severe brain injury and to experience long-term complications, whereas PTA of less than 1 hour is likely to indicate a minor brain injury.

• #101 What You Need to Know About Post-Traumatic Amnesia After a Head Injury | UNC Health Talkhealth wellnessstethoscopeStorieshealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriestwitter-iconfacebook-iconpinterest-iconemail-iconhealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriesfacebooktwitteryout

  https://healthtalk.unchealthcare.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-post-traumatic-amnesia-after-a-head-injury/

  “People with post-traumatic amnesia tend to be unable to remember the injury itself, as well as a short period of time before or after the trauma,” Dr. Carneiro says. “This memory loss may be a protective mechanism by the brain, as it may be easier to not remember that moment of the trauma.” […] The extent of what’s forgotten may vary from person to person, but Dr. Carneiro says some form of memory loss is a common part of a brain injury. […] Post-traumatic amnesia is usually accompanied by concussion symptoms, including balance issues, vision problems, dizziness, neck pain, headaches, an inability to think clearly, and changes in mood such as depression and irritability. […] “People tend to regain their memory, though it’s common to never remember the moment of injury,” Dr. Carneiro says. “Memories typically come back in a few days. For some people, it’s a few hours, and for others, it could be a few weeks or a few months.”

• #102 What You Need to Know About Post-Traumatic Amnesia After a Head Injury | UNC Health Talkhealth wellnessstethoscopeStorieshealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriestwitter-iconfacebook-iconpinterest-iconemail-iconhealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriesfacebooktwitteryout

  https://healthtalk.unchealthcare.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-post-traumatic-amnesia-after-a-head-injury/

  “People with post-traumatic amnesia tend to be unable to remember the injury itself, as well as a short period of time before or after the trauma,” Dr. Carneiro says. “This memory loss may be a protective mechanism by the brain, as it may be easier to not remember that moment of the trauma.” […] The extent of what’s forgotten may vary from person to person, but Dr. Carneiro says some form of memory loss is a common part of a brain injury. […] Post-traumatic amnesia is usually accompanied by concussion symptoms, including balance issues, vision problems, dizziness, neck pain, headaches, an inability to think clearly, and changes in mood such as depression and irritability. […] “People tend to regain their memory, though it’s common to never remember the moment of injury,” Dr. Carneiro says. “Memories typically come back in a few days. For some people, it’s a few hours, and for others, it could be a few weeks or a few months.”

• #103 What You Need to Know About Post-Traumatic Amnesia After a Head Injury | UNC Health Talkhealth wellnessstethoscopeStorieshealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriestwitter-iconfacebook-iconpinterest-iconemail-iconhealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriesfacebooktwitteryout

  https://healthtalk.unchealthcare.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-post-traumatic-amnesia-after-a-head-injury/

  They may continue to experience anterograde amnesia, making it difficult to retain information taught in school or shared on the job. […] “If someone is having prolonged issues with memory, an occupational therapist could work with them on memory skills and recall,” Dr. Carneiro says. […] “Memory loss is not like a knee injury, which is obvious and easy to explain,” he says. “It’s frustrating and fatiguing to see people you don’t immediately recognize or to struggle in your studies or work. It’s important to give the person grace and know that this issue may take time.”

• #104 What You Need to Know About Post-Traumatic Amnesia After a Head Injury | UNC Health Talkhealth wellnessstethoscopeStorieshealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriestwitter-iconfacebook-iconpinterest-iconemail-iconhealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriesfacebooktwitteryout

  https://healthtalk.unchealthcare.org/what-you-need-to-know-about-post-traumatic-amnesia-after-a-head-injury/

  They may continue to experience anterograde amnesia, making it difficult to retain information taught in school or shared on the job. […] “If someone is having prolonged issues with memory, an occupational therapist could work with them on memory skills and recall,” Dr. Carneiro says. […] “Memory loss is not like a knee injury, which is obvious and easy to explain,” he says. “It’s frustrating and fatiguing to see people you don’t immediately recognize or to struggle in your studies or work. It’s important to give the person grace and know that this issue may take time.”

• #105 Amnesia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360

  Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, including facts, information and experiences. […] Instead, people with amnesia also called amnestic syndrome usually know who they are. But they may have trouble learning new information and forming new memories. […] The two main features of amnesia are: Trouble learning new information. Trouble remembering past events and previously familiar information. […] Most people with amnesia have problems with short-term memory, so they can’t retain new information. Recent memories are most likely to be lost. More-remote or deeply ingrained memories may be spared. […] Isolated memory loss doesn’t affect a person’s intelligence, general knowledge, awareness or attention span. It also doesn’t affect judgment, personality or identity. […] Amnesia isn’t the same as dementia. Dementia often includes memory loss but also involves other problems with thinking that lead to a decline in daily functioning.

• #106 Amnesia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360

  Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, including facts, information and experiences. […] Instead, people with amnesia also called amnestic syndrome usually know who they are. But they may have trouble learning new information and forming new memories. […] The two main features of amnesia are: Trouble learning new information. Trouble remembering past events and previously familiar information. […] Most people with amnesia have problems with short-term memory, so they can’t retain new information. Recent memories are most likely to be lost. More-remote or deeply ingrained memories may be spared. […] Isolated memory loss doesn’t affect a person’s intelligence, general knowledge, awareness or attention span. It also doesn’t affect judgment, personality or identity. […] Amnesia isn’t the same as dementia. Dementia often includes memory loss but also involves other problems with thinking that lead to a decline in daily functioning.

• #107 Amnesia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/amnesia

  Amnesia isn’t the same as dementia. Dementia often includes memory loss but also involves other problems with thinking that lead to a decline in daily functioning. These problems include having trouble with language, judgment and visual-spatial skills. […] Memory loss also is a common symptom of mild cognitive impairment. This disorder involves memory and other cognitive problems that aren’t as severe as those experienced in dementia. […] Depending on the cause of the amnesia, other symptoms may include: False memories that are either completely invented or are real memories misplaced in time. Confusion or disorientation. […] Head injuries that cause a concussion, whether from a car accident or sports, can lead to confusion and problems remembering new information. This is especially common in the early stages of recovery. Mild head injuries typically don’t cause lasting amnesia, but more-severe head injuries may cause permanent amnesia.

• #108 Amnesia – myDr.com.au

  https://mydr.com.au/symptoms/amnesia/

  Amnesia means partial or total loss of memory. Depending on the cause, amnesia may be temporary or permanent. It can affect the ability to form new memories (known as anterograde amnesia) or the ability to remember things from the past (retrograde amnesia). […] The exact symptoms of amnesia and how severe they are will depend on the cause. Amnesia frequently involves loss of recent memories as well as the ability to retain new information. Longer-term memories are affected less often. […] People with amnesia can appear confused or disoriented due to their memory problems. But their intelligence, personality, general knowledge and ability to communicate and learn skills is generally not affected. […] In dementia, including Alzheimers disease, recent memories are often lost first, while the memory of things in the distant past can remain crystal clear. People with dementia have a gradual onset of symptoms that include memory problems but other problems as well, such as problems with language and thinking.

• #109 Memory loss and dementia | Alzheimer’s Society

  https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/symptoms/memory-loss

  People with dementia often experience memory loss. This is because dementia is caused by damage to the brain, and this damage can affect areas of the brain involved in creating and retrieving memories. […] For a person with dementia, memory problems will become more persistent and will begin to affect everyday life. This can be difficult to cope with, both for the person themselves and for the people around them. […] Memory loss can be a symptom of any type of dementia. For people with Alzheimers disease, it is often among the very first signs. […] Memory can be affected in different ways. These include: not being able to create new memories this means that recent events are not recorded in the persons memory and so cannot be recalled later. For example, the person may forget a conversation they have just had.

• #110 Alzheimer’s Stages – Early, Middle, Late Dementia Symptoms | alz.org

  https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/stages

  Alzheimers disease typically progresses slowly in three stages: early, middle and late (sometimes referred to as mild, moderate and severe in a medical context). […] Since Alzheimers affects people in different ways, each person may experience dementia symptoms or progress through the stages differently. […] The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease worsen over time, although the rate at which the disease progresses varies. On average, a person with Alzheimer’s lives four to eight years after diagnosis, but can live as long as 20 years, depending on other factors. […] The stages are separated into three categories: mild Alzheimer’s disease, moderate Alzheimer’s disease and severe Alzheimer’s disease. Be aware that it may be difficult to place a person with Alzheimer’s in a specific stage as stages may overlap.

• #111 Alzheimer’s Stages – Early, Middle, Late Dementia Symptoms | alz.org

  https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/stages

  In the early stage of Alzheimer’s, a person may function independently. […] Symptoms may not be widely apparent at this stage, but family and close friends may take notice and a doctor would be able to identify symptoms using certain diagnostic tools. […] Middle-stage Alzheimer’s is typically the longest stage and can last for many years. […] As the disease progresses, the person with Alzheimer’s will require a greater level of care. […] During the middle stage of Alzheimers, the dementia symptoms are more pronounced. […] In the final stage of the disease, dementia symptoms are severe. […] Individuals lose the ability to respond to their environment, to carry on a conversation and, eventually, to control movement. […] As memory and cognitive skills continue to worsen, significant personality changes may take place and individuals need extensive care.

• #112 Amnesia – myDr.com.au

  https://mydr.com.au/symptoms/amnesia/

  Amnesia means partial or total loss of memory. Depending on the cause, amnesia may be temporary or permanent. It can affect the ability to form new memories (known as anterograde amnesia) or the ability to remember things from the past (retrograde amnesia). […] The exact symptoms of amnesia and how severe they are will depend on the cause. Amnesia frequently involves loss of recent memories as well as the ability to retain new information. Longer-term memories are affected less often. […] People with amnesia can appear confused or disoriented due to their memory problems. But their intelligence, personality, general knowledge and ability to communicate and learn skills is generally not affected. […] In dementia, including Alzheimers disease, recent memories are often lost first, while the memory of things in the distant past can remain crystal clear. People with dementia have a gradual onset of symptoms that include memory problems but other problems as well, such as problems with language and thinking.

• #113 Memory loss and dementia | Alzheimer’s Society

  https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/symptoms/memory-loss

  Memory loss affects everyone differently but many people with dementia experience some of the following: forgetting recent conversations or events (sometimes referred to as short-term memory loss), struggling to find the right word in a conversation, forgetting names of people and objects, losing or misplacing items (such as keys or glasses), getting lost in familiar surroundings or on familiar journeys, forgetting how to carry out familiar tasks (such as making a cup of tea), forgetting appointments or anniversaries, not being able to keep track of medication, and whether or when it has been taken, struggling to recognise faces of people they know well. […] Older memories which have been recalled or spoken about more often are more firmly established than newer memories. This means that a person with dementia may forget recent events, but still be able to recall detailed memories from earlier life.

• #114 Memory loss and dementia | Alzheimer’s Society

  https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/symptoms/memory-loss

  People with dementia may also be able to remember more emotional events such as weddings or birthday parties. This is because memory also has an emotional aspect to it. This emotional memory is usually affected much later on in dementia. […] This means that a person with dementia may remember how they feel about an event even if they have forgotten the details of it.

• #115 The progression, signs and stages of dementia | Alzheimer’s Society

  https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/how-dementia-progresses/progression-stages-dementia

  Dementia is progressive. This means signs and symptoms may be relatively mild at first but they get worse with time. There are many different types of dementia and all of them are progressive. This means symptoms may be relatively mild at first but they get worse with time, usually over several years. As dementia progresses, a person will need more help and, at some point, will need a lot of support with daily living. […] Each type of dementia affects a different area of the brain in the early stages. This is why symptoms vary between the different types. For example, memory loss is common in early-stage Alzheimers but is very uncommon in early-stage FTD. […] As dementia progresses into the middle and later stages, the symptoms of the different dementia types tend to become more similar. This is because more of the brain is affected as dementia progresses.

• #116 The progression, signs and stages of dementia | Alzheimer’s Society

  https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/how-dementia-progresses/progression-stages-dementia

  Over time, the disease causing the dementia spreads to other parts of the brain. This leads to more symptoms because more of the brain is unable to work properly. At the same time, already-damaged areas of the brain become even more affected, causing symptoms the person already has to get worse. […] Eventually most parts of the brain are badly damaged by the disease. This causes major changes in all aspects of memory, thinking, language, emotions and behaviour, as well as physical problems. […] The speed at which dementia progresses varies a lot from person to person because of factors such as: the type of dementia for example, Alzheimers disease tends to progress more slowly than the other types; a persons age for example, Alzheimers disease generally progresses more slowly in older people (over 65) than in younger people (under 65); other long-term health problems dementia tends to progress more quickly if the person is living with other conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes or high blood pressure, particularly if these are not well-managed. […] There is no way to be sure how quickly a persons dementia will progress. Some people with dementia will need support very soon after their diagnosis. In contrast, others will stay independent for several years.

• #117 The progression, signs and stages of dementia | Alzheimer’s Society

  https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/how-dementia-progresses/progression-stages-dementia

  Over time, the disease causing the dementia spreads to other parts of the brain. This leads to more symptoms because more of the brain is unable to work properly. At the same time, already-damaged areas of the brain become even more affected, causing symptoms the person already has to get worse. […] Eventually most parts of the brain are badly damaged by the disease. This causes major changes in all aspects of memory, thinking, language, emotions and behaviour, as well as physical problems. […] The speed at which dementia progresses varies a lot from person to person because of factors such as: the type of dementia for example, Alzheimers disease tends to progress more slowly than the other types; a persons age for example, Alzheimers disease generally progresses more slowly in older people (over 65) than in younger people (under 65); other long-term health problems dementia tends to progress more quickly if the person is living with other conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes or high blood pressure, particularly if these are not well-managed. […] There is no way to be sure how quickly a persons dementia will progress. Some people with dementia will need support very soon after their diagnosis. In contrast, others will stay independent for several years.

• #118 Symptoms of dementia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/symptoms/

  As dementia progresses, memory loss and difficulties with communication often become severe. In the later stages, the person is likely to neglect their own health, and require constant care and attention. […] The most common symptoms of advanced dementia include: […] memory problems people may not recognise close family and friends, or remember where they live or where they are […] communication problems some people may eventually lose the ability to speak altogether. Using non-verbal means of communication, such as facial expressions, touch and gestures, can help […] mobility problems many people become less able to move about unaided. Some may eventually become unable to walk and require a wheelchair or be confined to bed […] behavioural problems a significant number of people will develop what are known as „behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia”. These may include increased agitation, depressive symptoms, anxiety, wandering, aggression, or sometimes hallucinations

• #119 Amnesia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesia

  Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage or brain diseases, but it can also be temporarily caused by the use of various sedative and hypnotic drugs. The memory can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage that is caused. […] There are two main types of amnesia: Retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an accident or operation. In some cases, the memory loss can extend back decades, while in other cases, people may lose only a few months of memory. Anterograde amnesia is the inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store. People with anterograde amnesia cannot remember things for long periods of time. […] These two types are not mutually exclusive; both can also occur simultaneously.

• #120 Amnesia: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.carehospitals.com/diseases-conditions/amnesia

  Anterograde Amnesia: People with anterograde amnesia retain memories from before the injury but struggle to create new memories after the condition’s onset. […] Retrograde Amnesia: Individuals with retrograde amnesia can’t recall events that occurred before their trauma but can form new memories after it. […] Transient Global Amnesia: This temporary and rare form of memory loss is more common in older adults with vascular disease. It involves a brief loss of all memory and, in severe instances, difficulty forming new memories. […] Traumatic Amnesia: This type occurs due to a hard blow to the head, such as in a car accident. It often involves a brief loss of consciousness or coma. […] Dissociative Amnesia: Also known as fugue, it is a rare condition in which individuals forget their past and identity. A traumatic event typically triggers it and can last from minutes to days. The memory of the triggering incident may never fully return.

• #121 Transient global amnesia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-global-amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20378531

  Transient global amnesia is an episode of confusion that comes on suddenly in a person who is otherwise alert. […] During an episode of transient global amnesia, a person is unable to create new memory, so the memory of recent events disappears. […] The main symptom of transient global amnesia is being unable to create new memories and remember the recent past. […] You must have these signs and symptoms to be diagnosed with transient global amnesia: Sudden onset of confusion that includes memory loss, seen by a witness. […] Another common sign of transient global amnesia due to the inability to create new memories includes repetitive questioning, usually of the same question for example, „What am I doing here?” or „How did we get here?” […] Symptoms lasting no more than 24 hours and generally shorter. […] Gradual return of memory. […] Transient global amnesia has no direct complications. […] It’s possible to have a second episode of transient global amnesia, but it’s extremely rare to have more than two.

• #122 Amnesia – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/brain-dysfunction/amnesia

  Amnesia is total or partial loss of the ability to recall experiences or events that happened in the preceding few seconds, in the preceding few days, further back in time, or after the event that caused the amnesia. […] How long memory loss lasts depends on the severity of the damage that caused it. […] Depending on the cause, amnesia may be […] Progressive (as occurs with disorders that cause progressive degeneration of the brain, such as Alzheimer disease). […] Depending on the severity of the damage, amnesias can last for minutes, hours, or longer. […] However, if brain damage is severe, the ability to form new memories may be lost.

• #123 Amnesia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amnesia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353360

  Amnesia refers to the loss of memories, including facts, information and experiences. […] Instead, people with amnesia also called amnestic syndrome usually know who they are. But they may have trouble learning new information and forming new memories. […] The two main features of amnesia are: Trouble learning new information. Trouble remembering past events and previously familiar information. […] Most people with amnesia have problems with short-term memory, so they can’t retain new information. Recent memories are most likely to be lost. More-remote or deeply ingrained memories may be spared. […] Isolated memory loss doesn’t affect a person’s intelligence, general knowledge, awareness or attention span. It also doesn’t affect judgment, personality or identity. […] Amnesia isn’t the same as dementia. Dementia often includes memory loss but also involves other problems with thinking that lead to a decline in daily functioning.

• #124 When to seek help for memory loss – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/when-to-seek-help-for-memory-loss

  Mild cognitive impairment involves a notable decline in at least one area of thinking skills, like memory. This decline is greater than the changes of aging and less than those of dementia. […] For others, mild cognitive impairment is an early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease or another disorder causing dementia. […] Many medical problems can cause memory loss or other dementia-like symptoms. Most of these conditions can be treated. […] Talk with your health care team if you’re concerned about memory loss or if a family member has brought up concerns about changes in your thinking. […] Getting a prompt diagnosis is important, even if it’s challenging. Identifying a reversible cause of memory impairment enables you to get appropriate treatment. […] Also, an early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease or a related disorder is beneficial because you can begin treatment, identify resources, settle legal matters and determine future care preferences.

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