Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Preventing Falls and Hip Fractures | Older Adult Fall Prevention | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/falls/prevention/index.html

  Simple actions can help you prevent falling. […] Talk to your doctor about the best methods of fall prevention. […] Broken hips are one of the most serious fall injuries. […] It is hard to recover from a hip fracture. Many people are not able to live on their own afterwards. […] Ask your doctor or health care provider to evaluate your risk for falling and talk with them about specific things you can do. […] Get screened for osteoporosis and treated if needed. […] Do exercises that make your legs stronger and improve your balance. Tai Chi is a good example of this kind of exercise. […] Each year there are about 300,000 hip fracture-related hospitalizations due to older adult falls. […] In 2019, 83% percent of hip fracture deaths and 88% of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for hip fractures were caused by falls. […] The chances of breaking your hip increase as you get older.

• #2 Hip Fractures in Elderly Adults: Prevention and Treatment

  https://www.aplaceformom.com/caregiver-resources/articles/hip-fractures

  Falls are the top reason for hip fractures, causing 95% of hip fractures. […] Eliminate trip hazards like slippery floors or uneven surfaces to help prevent hip fractures. […] You can help your aging loved one prevent hip fractures by making sure their home is safe and free of trip hazards. Consider these tips the next time you visit: Ensure rooms are well lit. Lighting should not be too dim or too direct. Make sure light switches are accessible. […] Talk with their doctor about supplements to increase bone density, including calcium and vitamin D. […] Staying as physically active as possible with exercises that help with balance and leg strength, such as walking regularly, gentle yoga, or tai chi.

• #3 7 Ways to Prevent Hip Injuries in Older Adults

  https://www.aarp.org/health/healthy-living/prevent-hip-injuries/

  Some 300,000 Americans fracture their hips each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These injuries can be extremely dangerous and debilitating. About 1 in 5 of those who fracture their hips will die within a year, according to a recent study. […] To avoid hip fractures, follow these tips for healthy hips. Make sure to consult a physical therapist if you are experiencing pain, discomfort or instability during exercise. […] Exercises that combine balance, joint motion and strength resistance may be more effective at preventing falls than a single-focus exercise program. […] Vitamin D and calcium are the most important nutrients for your bone health, Choskey says. […] In addition to vitamin D and calcium for bone health, protein is known to help preserve bone mass, according to Choksey.

• #4 Prevention of Hip Fracture | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/bones-joints-and-muscles/hip-fracture/treatments/prevention.html

  Preventing a hip fracture is more desirable than treating one. Preventive measures include taking in enough calcium every day. For women past menopause and not taking estrogen, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends 1,500 milligrams (mg) daily. For those taking estrogen, the recommendation is 1,000 mg. Middle-aged men should take 1,000 mg daily. […] Women at menopause should consider having a bone density test. A bone density test is used to measure the bone mineral content and thickness of the bone. This measurement can indicate decreased bone mass, a condition in which bones are more brittle and more prone to break or fracture easily. A bone density test is used primarily to diagnose osteoporosis and to determine fracture risk. […] Another way to help prevent hip fracture is to engage in regular weight-bearing exercise such as walking, jogging, or hiking. Exercise programs such as Tai Chi help promote strength and balance. Other preventive measures may include: Taking medications as prescribed by your physician to prevent bone loss, Eating a calcium-rich diet including milk, cottage cheese, yogurt, sardines, and broccoli, Stopping smoking, Avoiding excessive alcohol use, Keeping objects off the stairs and floors, such as electrical cords, to prevent falls, Using slip-resistant rugs next to the bathtub and installing grab bars in the tub, Positioning night lights from the bedroom to the bathroom, Using rug pads or non-skid backing to keep rugs in place, Not using unsteady furniture or step ladders to stand on, Visiting an ophthalmologist every year to have vision checked annually and vision loss treated.

• #5 Preventing hip fractures in the elderly | Top Doctors

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-articles/preventing-hip-fractures-in-the-elderly

  Hip fractures present a huge challenge to older people and healthcare systems. That is why fracture prevention strategies are so important in their overall care. […] It is therefore important to employ effective prevention strategies to improve the quality of life in this group of patients. […] Two main fracture prevention strategies are employed: Reducing the risk of falls and improving a persons bone health. […] Older people should be assessed to identify any medical causes that might result in falling. […] If a patient has low bone density or osteoporosis, it can significantly increase their risk of fracture. Bone density tests are therefore recommended for older people at risk of fractures. […] Exercises can also maintain muscle strength and reduce the risk of slipping and tripping up. Likewise, a diet that provides enough calcium and vitamin D is equally important.

• #6 How to Prevent Hip Fractures Among Older Adults – New Wave Home Care

  https://www.newwavehomecare.com/prevent-hip-fractures/

  How to Prevent Hip Fractures Among Older Adults […] According to the CDC, over 300,000 Americans each year aged 65+ are hospitalized after suffering a hip fracture. For many, the road to recovery is a long and stressful process that often requires time spent in a long-term care facility. Sadly, some aging-in-place hip fracture victims lose their independence permanently as a result, while others eventually die from fracture-related complications. As a concerned family member, ensuring a brighter future for your aging loved one starts by taking these hip fracture prevention steps. […] Roughly 95% of hip fractures in the elderly are the direct result of falling, usually by falling sideways. Older women experience three-quarters of all hip fractures in the US, while the odds of someone breaking their hip increase each year once they reach age 50.

• #7 How to Prevent Hip Fractures Among Older Adults – New Wave Home Care

  https://www.newwavehomecare.com/prevent-hip-fractures/

  Factors that put seniors at higher risk for a hip fracture include: […] Diminished core muscle strength […] Vision changes […] Low bone density […] Changes to balance and coordination […] Malnutrition and dehydration […] Being diagnosed with dementia or Alzheimer’s […] Ways to reduce your aging loved one’s likelihood to experience a hip fracture include: […] Low-impact workouts that maintain muscle strength, endurance, and balance will lower your senior’s risk for trips, tumbles, and slips that break bones. Research studies have determined that a regular exercise routine can dramatically reduce an elderly participant’s risk of falling. Encourage your senior to work out for at least 20 minutes 3 to 5X per week. […] Low bone density doubles or even triples one’s hip fracture risk. Experts recommend bone density screenings for all women age 65+, while men over age 70 should also get tested. Screening for osteoporosis allows seniors and their doctors to make informed treatment decisions that keep bones healthy and fracture-free.

• #8 Management of Hip Fracture: The Family Physician’s Role | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0615/p2195.html

  Interventions to reduce the risk of falls should target identified risk factors (e.g., muscle weakness; history of falls; use of four or more prescription medications; use of an assistive device; arthritis; depression; age older than 80 years; impairments in gait, balance, cognition, vision, or activities of daily living).

• #9 Hip Fracture Prevention in the Elderly – Alvita Care

  https://www.alvitacare.com/hip-fracture-prevention-in-the-elderly/

  Hip Fracture Prevention in the Elderly […] A hip fracture is one of the more common ailments that can happen to elderly individuals. Hip fractures occur in over 1 out of 10 elderly New York City individuals, and it is important to practice safe prevention and treatment methods. At Alvita Care, we want to help your loved one prevent a hip fracture, and our dedicated team of home caregivers can assist with treatment in the event of an accident. […] Many elderly individuals are at high fall risk levels, and a fracture is extremely possible when this occurs. This mainly occurs as vision decreases. There is a lack of coordination and balance and weakness sets in. […] Additionally, there are numerous amounts of risk factors that can put elderly individuals at risk of having a hip fracture. Hopefully, this will help you monitor these risk factors and help your loved ones avoid a hip fracture.

• #10 Hip Fracture Prevention – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/hip-fracture-prevention/

  There are things you can do to maintain and even improve your bone strength. […] Understand your individual risk for fracture. This is based on any risk factors you have for fracture and your bone density. Ask your doctor if you need a bone density test. […] Understand your individual risk for bone loss. Genetics plays a role in bone health, and some people have genetically determined high rates of bone turnover after menopause or with aging. Talk to your doctor about bone metabolism testing. Bone metabolism testing can provide additional information about your risk for fracture. […] Make healthy lifestyle choices. Maintain a healthy weight and eat a diet rich in calcium and Vitamin D. Do not smoke and limit your alcohol intake. Begin an exercise program and stick with it. […] Consider bone-boosting medications. In addition to calcium and Vitamin D supplements, there are many drug options that slow bone loss and increase bone strength. Talk to your doctor about these methods for protecting your bones.

• #11 5 Ways To Avoid Hip Fractures as You Get Older

  https://www.orlandohealth.com/content-hub/5-ways-to-avoid-hip-fractures-as-you-get-older/

  As you get older, your eyesight worsens, your bones weaken, and you can develop balance problems or arthritis, which all put you at greater risk for hip fractures from falls. […] More than 300,000 people in the United States sustain a hip fracture every year. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are several things you can do to lessen your risk of falling, including: […] 1. Talk to your doctor, who can evaluate your risk for falling, review your medications to see if any might make you dizzy or sleepy, and possibly suggest vitamin D supplements. […] 2. Get screened for osteoporosis and get treatment, if needed. […] 3. Do strength and balance exercises to improve your balance and make your legs stronger. […] 4. Have your eyes checked at least once a year and update your glasses, if needed. […] 5. Elder-proof your home by moving items you could trip over, adding grab bars to your tub or shower and next to the toilet, and putting brighter bulbs in your lamps.

• #12 Reducing hip fractures in the elderly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3066254/

  Is there evidence that hip protectors and vitamin D with calcium supplementation reduce hip fractures in the elderly? […] The results are that vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduce incidence of hip fractures. Hip protectors provide some benefit in reducing hip fractures in elderly patients in residential facilities. […] Primary care providers should assess patients for the risk of hip fracture and consider using hip protectors and nutritional supplementation in selected individuals to prevent fractures. […] Osteoporosis is the main risk factor for hip fractures. Therefore, prevention of hip fractures should naturally focus on prevention of falls and osteoporosis, as well as reducing the risk of fracture resultant from a fall. […] There is good evidence that vitamin D plus calcium supplementation are preventative against hip fractures and some evidence that hip protectors can also be preventative in certain groups of high-risk elders.

• #13 Hip Fracture: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Secondary Prevention | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0615/p945.html

  Patients should receive prophylactic antibiotics within one to two hours before surgery, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, the major pathogen of concern. […] Patients should receive thromboembolic prophylaxis, preferably with low-molecular-weight heparin, although studies comparing it with unfractionated heparin found no difference in bleeding rates. […] Because a previous hip fracture is a risk factor for another hip fracture and because bisphosphonates reduce that risk, patients should receive bisphosphonate therapy, regardless of bone mineral density results, unless contraindicated. […] Most patients benefit from a fall-prevention assessment, which includes removing home environmental hazards, reviewing medications, and assessing muscle strength, balance, and gait.

• #14 Management of Hip Fracture: The Family Physician’s Role | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0615/p2195.html

  The incidence of hip fracture is expected to increase as the population ages. […] Interventions to help prevent future falls, exercise and balance training in ambulatory patients, and the treatment of osteoporosis are important strategies for the secondary prevention of hip fracture. […] Appropriate follow-up after hospitalization includes assisting patients with recovery and instituting secondary prevention strategies. Two major risk factors for hip fracture are osteoporosis and falls. […] Primary prevention of osteoporosis should begin with an assessment of the patients risk of osteoporosis to determine the need for bone mineral density (BMD) screening. […] To reduce bone loss, physicians should encourage postmenopausal women to participate in regular weight-bearing exercise, to quit smoking, to limit alcohol intake, and to receive at least 1,500 mg of elemental calcium and 600 to 800 IU of vitamin D per day.

• #15 Hip Fracture (Broken Hip): Symptoms, Treatment, and Surgery

  https://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/what-happens-when-you-have-a-hip-fracture

  How Can I Prevent a Hip Fracture? […] The best way is to make sure your bones stay strong and healthy. To that end, your doctor might recommend one or more of the following: […] Calcium supplements […] Vitamin D supplements […] Drugs called bisphosphonates these prevent the loss of bone mass […] Regular physical activity […] Giving up tobacco and alcohol. […] Your doctor may also recommend you take drugs that increase the activity of the hormone estrogen and improve bone density. These are called selective estrogen receptor modulators. […] The FDA has approved hip protector garments that can be worn by older people with osteoporosis. Its thought they may help prevent hip fractures.

• #16 Hip Fracture Prevention – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/hip-fracture-prevention/

  Removing clutter, […] Providing enough lighting, […] Installing grab bars in bathrooms, and […] Installing handrails along stairways. […] Moderate exercise can slow bone loss and maintain muscle strength. It can also improve balance and coordination. Good exercise options include climbing stairs, jogging, hiking, swimming, dancing, and weight training. […] Tai chi and balance training with an emphasis on core conditioning have been shown to decrease falls and reduce the risk of hip fracture. Tai chi is a program of exercises, breathing, and movements based on ancient Chinese practices. These classes can also increase self-confidence and improve body balance. […] As we age, our bones are affected by genetics, nutrition, exercise, and hormonal loss. We cannot change our genes, but we can control our nutrition and activity level and, if necessary, take osteoporosis medications.

• #17 7 Ways to Prevent Hip Injuries in Older Adults

  https://www.aarp.org/health/healthy-living/prevent-hip-injuries/

  Some 300,000 Americans fracture their hips each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These injuries can be extremely dangerous and debilitating. About 1 in 5 of those who fracture their hips will die within a year, according to a recent study. […] To avoid hip fractures, follow these tips for healthy hips. Make sure to consult a physical therapist if you are experiencing pain, discomfort or instability during exercise. […] Exercises that combine balance, joint motion and strength resistance may be more effective at preventing falls than a single-focus exercise program. […] Vitamin D and calcium are the most important nutrients for your bone health, Choskey says. […] In addition to vitamin D and calcium for bone health, protein is known to help preserve bone mass, according to Choksey.

• #18 Opinion: Getting hip to the dangers of fractures in the elderly – The Globe and Mail

  https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-getting-hip-to-the-dangers-of-fractures-in-the-elderly/

  A broken hip is more deadly than cancer. […] The new research notes that the first month after a broken hip is the most deadly period, and a large number of deaths occur within the first year after the break. […] In the new Quebec paper, Dr. Brown says one of the main takeaways of the data is the need for better fracture prevention, which principally means fall prevention. […] Similarly, we need to elderproof homes to protect frail seniors. […] Grab bars, railings, non-slip flooring, better lighting and removing obstacles and dangerous items like throw rugs, and ensuring people wear sensible (non-slip) footwear, are all basic ways to help prevent deadly falls. […] There are programs wherein nurses or occupational therapists visit homes and provide advice on making them safer, but this kind of investment in prevention is not nearly common enough. […] A little bit of exercise can make an enormous difference in keeping people more steady and sturdy on their feet. […] But the new data are a reminder that we should be equally concerned and proactive in preventing both falls and brittle bones.

• #19 After the fall: RESTORE bone health and prevent future hip fractures in seniors | Orthopaedics | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/hip-fractures-seniors/

  RESTORE starts with early diagnosis and expedient surgery and continues with long-term bone health and fall prevention support that follows through a patient’s return home. […] Attending physical therapy and rebuilding your strength and balance is an important part of preventing future fractures. […] Sadly, five to 10 percent of patients with hip fractures will suffer another broken hip nearly a quarter of these injuries will occur within a year of the initial fracture. Protect yourself and aging loved ones by taking precautions to help reduce the risk of falling: […] Mind your nutrition: Eating a healthy diet is a key part of healing and fracture prevention. Your nutrition plan likely will include taking supplements for calcium and vitamin D for bone health. […] Manage osteoporosis: Having stronger bones reduces the risk of a serious fracture in the future. Our bone mineral metabolism experts can help you retain and build bone strength through medications, exercise, and improved nutrition. […] RESTORE is an extension of our dedication to providing the best care for elders in our communities, and we are proud to offer full-circle care to help seniors prevent future falls.

• #20 5 Strategies for Preventing Hip Fractures in Older Adults | Medbridge

  https://www.medbridge.com/blog/5-strategies-for-preventing-hip-fractures-in-older-adults

  PTs and OTs can help prevent falls and boost independence by recommending changes to the environment, home, and activities. […] Physical therapists and occupational therapists can help patients prevent falls from happening by keeping their environment, home, and activities safe to support independence and a higher quality of life. The best practice in hip fracture prevention is a multi-system approach. […] Falls are a leading cause of hip fractures in older adults, often resulting in severe loss of function and increased mortality. By identifying fall risks and implementing targeted interventions, physical and occupational therapists play a critical role in fall prevention and supporting safer, more independent aging. […] Use the best tools, provide the best care, and prevent hip fractures.

• #21 Hip Fracture Program

  https://navicenthealth.org/service-center/orthopaedic-trauma-institute/hip-fracture-program

  As previously mentioned, the vast majority of hip fractures happen when an elderly person falls. Thus, a great deal of the attention given to preventing hip fractures goes toward preventing these falls. Some other disorders can cause falls, including strokes and Parkinson’s disease, for example. Treatment of conditions to prevent falls is the key in the prevention of hip fractures. […] If a patient suffers one hip fracture, not only does the mortality rate increase, but so does the risk of falling again and perhaps fracturing the other hip. Physical therapy (PT), possibly in a rehabilitation facility, is often required after hip fracture surgery to optimize a patient’s ability to return to pre-injury function. The prevention of future falls is directly addressed through PT working on strength, balance, and safety. A repeat fall and a fracture of the other hip, or one of the other extremities perhaps, is not uncommon; therefore, safety is extremely important. […] One of the other important factors to address after surgery is also fracture prevention through treatment of osteoporosis. The patient will be directed to their primary doctors or other physicians that specialize in managing osteoporosis to help strengthen bones and prevent future fractures.

• #22 Hip fracture – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-fracture/symptoms-causes/syc-20373468

  A hip fracture almost always requires surgical repair or replacement, followed by physical therapy. Taking steps to maintain bone density and avoid falls can help prevent a hip fracture. […] Healthy lifestyle choices in early adulthood build a higher peak bone mass and reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later years. The same measures adopted at any age might lower the risk of falls and improve overall health. […] To avoid falls and to maintain healthy bone: Get enough calcium and vitamin D. In general, men and women age 50 and older should consume 1,200 milligrams of calcium a day, and 600 international units of vitamin D a day. […] Exercise to strengthen bones and improve balance. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, help maintain peak bone density. Exercise also increases overall strength, decreasing the risk of falling. Balance training also is important to reduce the risk of falls since balance tends to deteriorate with age.

• #23 How to Prevent Hip Fractures Among Older Adults – New Wave Home Care

  https://www.newwavehomecare.com/prevent-hip-fractures/

  Malnourished seniors are also at higher risk for bone fractures. Women under age 50 and men under 70 should take in 1,000 mg of calcium each day, and then 1,200 mg of calcium after that. Vitamin D is also needed by the body to absorb calcium, with recommendations for 600 IU per day up to age 70 and 800 IU for those 70+. A bone-healthy diet for older adults should also include plenty of nutrient-rich foods, like fruits and veggies, daily. […] Some prescription drugs can cause fall-inducing side effects. If your senior feel drowsy, dizzy, weak, or off-balance when walking, ask their doctor to perform a medication check. Sit in on the doctor’s visit with a list of all your loved one’s medications and any symptoms they are experiencing. Also, be sure that your senior is up to date with their vision checks and eyeglass prescriptions.

• #24 Reducing hip fractures in the elderly

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3066254/

  Hip protectors are helpful to reduce incidence of hip fractures in residential, high-risk patients. Community elders do not benefit from the use of hip protectors. […] High-dose vitamin D (800 IU) and calcium (1200 mg) in combination are effective at reducing risk of hip fracture, especially in institutionalized elderly patients. […] Primary providers should screen for both risk factors for osteoporosis and the disease itself, including bone density screening. Consider vitamin D and calcium supplementation in high-risk individuals. Hip protectors should be considered for residential elders and those at high-risk of hip fracture.

• #25 Preventing Hip Fracture: Do Supplements Help? – National Center for Health Research

  https://www.center4research.org/preventing-hip-fracture-do-supplements-help/

  Calcium and vitamin D are often recommended to prevent hip fractures. […] A 2019 meta-analysis found that people taking daily supplements of both vitamin D and calcium for approximately 6 years were 16% less likely to fracture their hip and 6% less likely to have any type of fracture. […] The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued a statement saying that there is not enough evidence to know whether the potential benefits of supplements taken to prevent fractures outweigh the potential risks for men or for pre-menopausal women. […] For doses of 400 IU or less of vitamin D with 1000 mg or less of calcium, USPSTF recommends against post-menopausal women taking the supplements, saying that the potential risks outweigh the benefits. […] The best way to prevent hip fractures is to prevent falls, by getting rid of area rugs or other things in the house that might cause you to trip, and using a non-slip mat in the bath or shower.

• #26 9 Tips to Avoid a Hip Fracture | AdventHealth Winter Park

  https://www.adventhealth.com/hospital/adventhealth-winter-park/blog/9-tips-avoid-a-hip-fracture-0

  Bone health, and specifically the risk of fracturing a hip, should be a serious concern for anyone over the age of 65. […] Falls and poor bone health are the most common reasons for fractured hips we see, says Dr. Desai. […] This is why its so important to take all the necessary precautions to keep it from happening in the first place. […] Its important to be familiar with your bodys health, especially when starting a new routine, so the first thing you should do is have a bone density scan (DXA). […] Recent studies have shown that heavy smokers are at a much higher risk for hip fractures than those who never smoked. […] Sodas, whether diet, regular, or otherwise, have been linked with an increased risk to hip fractures. […] Eating three servings of potassium-rich fruits and vegetables a day will decrease your risk of hip fracture by as much as 50 percent.

• #27 Hip fracture in older patients: Tips and tools to speed recovery | MDedge

  https://mdedge.com/jfponline/article/77278/geriatrics/hip-fracture-older-patients-tips-and-tools-speed-recovery

  Arrange for a geriatric consult before problems occur. Several studies have shown that a geriatric consultation and concurrent management by a geriatrician using structured protocols to evaluate for common risk factors known to precipitate delirium can reduce the risk of delirium. […] Guard against VTE. Studies have shown rates of VTE to be as high as 40% to 60% after orthopedic procedures, and prophylaxis has long been the standard of care. […] Take steps to ensure ample protein intake. Malnourishment is another common complication, affecting up to 20% of hip fracture patients. […] Prevention of hip fracture, of course, is the ideal way to reduce the burden of disease for older patients. […] Start with fall reduction. Hip fracture is associated with a fall 90% of the time, and care for older patients should be focused on reducing the risk for falls and improving bone health and muscular function.

• #28 Hip Fracture Prevention – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/staying-healthy/hip-fracture-prevention/

  Hip Fracture Prevention […] Hip fractures are breaks in the thighbone (femur) just below the hip joint. They are serious injuries that most often occur in people age 65 and older. Elderly women are especially vulnerable to hip fractures because of osteoporosis. […] Hip fractures can limit mobility and independence. Almost all hip fractures require surgery, hospitalization, and extended rehabilitation. […] Most people who previously lived independently before hip fracture require assistance afterward. This can range from help from family members and home health professionals, to admittance to a nursing home or another long-term health facility. […] Most hip fractures occur as a result of a fall, and most falls occur in the home. Many falls can be prevented by simple home safety improvements, such as:

• #29 Hip Fracture Prevention Tips | Hip Fracture Treatment Houston | Hip Surgery Houston

  https://www.alfredmansourmd.com/hip-fracture-prevention-alfred-a-mansour-md-hip-preservation-sports-medicine-surgeon.html

  Hip fractures can be caused due to weak bones (osteoporosis) or from a fall. […] Some of the methods of prevention of hip fractures are: […] Most hip fractures occur due to falls. Fall can be prevented by taking care of small things such as removing clutter from the floor, clearing out excess or unwanted furniture, keeping electric cords away from the floor, using enough lighting in the house, using grab bars in the bathrooms and removing throw rugs. […] Exercise helps to maintain muscle strength and can slow bone loss. It also improves your balance and coordination. […] You can maintain your bone density by avoiding excessive use of alcohol and by reducing smoking. […] Certain medications can have side effects, such as weakness or dizziness and can make you more prone to falls. […] Hip protectors are designed in order to decrease the impact of a fall and prevent hip fractures in older people.

• #30 Hip fracture – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hip-fracture/symptoms-causes/syc-20373468

  Avoid smoking or excessive drinking. Tobacco and alcohol use can reduce bone density. Drinking too much alcohol can also impair balance and increase the risk of falling. […] Assess the home for hazards. Remove throw rugs, keep electrical cords against the wall, and clear excess furniture and anything else that could trip people. Make sure all rooms and passageways are well lit. […] Check your eyes. Have an eye exam every other year, or more often if you have diabetes or an eye disease. […] Use a cane, walking stick or walker. If you don’t feel steady when you walk, ask a health care provider or occupational therapist whether these aids might help.

• #31 How to Prevent Hip Fractures Among Older Adults – New Wave Home Care

  https://www.newwavehomecare.com/prevent-hip-fractures/

  Since most fracture-causing falls occur in the primary residence, reduce your loved one’s risk of falling by taking these home modification steps: […] Keep floors, walkways, and stairs clutter-free. […] Remove throw rugs and dangerous electrical cords. […] Place nonslip mats in the tub and on the bathroom floor. […] Add grab bars in the tub or shower and handrails on the stairs. […] Ensure that all hallways and stairs are well-lit. […] Keep small pets and pet supplies out of walkways. […] Wearing high heels, ill-fitting shoes, or shoes with extremely thick rubber soles can also increase a senior’s fall risk. In addition to fall-proofing the home, find your senior a pair of well-fitting shoes with nonslip soles that will improve safety even when walking on wet surfaces.

• #32 For older adults, a broken hip is often more deadly than cancer, study shows | PhillyVoice

  https://www.phillyvoice.com/falls-older-adults-broken-bones-hips-prevention/

  Make your home safer. Remove objects that are tripping hazards from stairs and other walkways. Get rid of small, throw rugs that could slip, or use double-sided tape to keep them in place. Put nonslip mats in the shower and add grab bars next to the tub and toilet. Keep frequently used items in cabinets you can reach without using a step stool.

• #33 How to Prevent Hip Fractures

  https://upmc.ie/blog/orthopaedic-care/prevent-hip-fractures

  Falls can often lead to fractures, particularly in patients with osteoporosis. […] An important step in working to prevent hip fractures is understanding osteoporosis, recognizing it, and treating it promptly. […] Although family history of osteoporosis and small bone structure are key risk factors in developing the condition, anyone can start making lifestyle changes at a young age to prevent its occurrence. […] Fall prevention is another key factor in minimizing the risk of hip fracture. […] A home safety evaluation by a professional is recommended to help make your everyday surroundings safer. […] With a greater understanding of osteoporosis, its risk factors, and prevention strategies, older individuals can avoid the debilitating condition of a hip fracture and enjoy a higher quality of life.

• #34 Prevention of Elderly Hip Fractures

  https://www.sunwaymedical.com/en/in-the-news/hip-fractures-in-the-elderly-can-have-serious-consequences

  If the hips are not strong and you are not changing your lifestyle or not doing physiotherapy, then it is going to happen again. […] To prevent falls, he offers some tips. […] Have a potty in the room. […] Install a dim floor light or keep the toilet light on at night. […] Keep the bedroom free from obstacles so that you can move unobstructed. […] Get anti-slip floor mats. […] Take your medications properly.

• #35 The biggest myth about hip fractures and key prevention pointers | Parkview Health

  https://www.parkview.com/blog/the-biggest-myth-about-hip-fractures-and-key-prevention-pointers

  Maintaining strength is also crucial to prevent falls as we age. […] If you need a cane or walker for assistance, use it! […] As mentioned above, osteoporosis is common in our older population. Patients can reduce their risk of losing bone mass and managing the diagnosis once they have it by getting adequate amounts of vitamin D and calcium, particularly men over 75 and post-menopausal women. […] Additionally, for those who have had a stroke, there can be some weakness that elevates an individuals risk for falls. […] The majority of hip fractures are going to require surgery. […] A swift response and rehabilitation help eliminate some of the comorbidities that contribute to poor outcomes, like bed sores, blood clots, pneumonia and urinary tract infections. […] Our goal is to fix hip fractures within 24 hours of a patient presenting in the hospital. Then we repair the break in a way that enables them to get up and walk immediately so that they can get moving and rehabilitate in a timely manner.

• #36 Does hip protector prevent falls and hip fractures? An umbrella review of meta-analyses | BMC Geriatrics | Full Text

  https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-024-05122-x

  Wearing hip protectors is a measure used to prevent hip fractures caused by falls. […] This study provides a rationale for the use of hip protectors by pooling all the current meta-analysis evidence. […] Hip protectors were effective at reducing hip fractures in older individuals who were in institutions (nursing or residential care settings) but not in communities. […] Hip protectors are effective at preventing hip fractures in institutionalized older adults but not in community-dwelling older adults. […] The results showed that the use of hip protectors did not reduce the incidence of falls or hip fractures in community-dwelling older adults but did reduce the incidence in institutionalized older adults. […] The results of this study suggest that wearing hip protectors is suitable for preventing hip fractures in the institutional population. […] Wearing hip protectors is an effective way for preventing hip fractures in institutionalized older adults, but not in community-dwelling older adults.

• #37 Hip fracture – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_fracture

  Prevention Improved lighting, removal of loose rugs, exercise, treatment of osteoporosis. […] The majority of hip fractures are the result of a fall, particularly in the elderly. Therefore, identifying why the fall occurred, and implementing treatments or changes, is key to reducing the occurrence of hip fractures. […] Additionally, there is some evidence to systems designed to offer protection in the case of a fall. Hip protectors, for example appear to decrease the number of hip fractures among the elderly, but they are often not used.

• #38

  https://www.eehealth.org/services/orthopedics/specialties/hip/hip-fracture/

  More than 95 percent of hip fractures are caused by falling. […] Primary care physicians (PCPs) provide education about how to prevent hip fractures, including: Environmental changes to avoid falls (fix loose carpeting, avoid stairs, keep electrical cords against the wall, avoid small dogs underfoot, keep rooms and hallways well-lit, etc.) […] Osteoporosis prevention and early osteoporosis intervention to maintain bone density (try weight-bearing exercises to strengthen bones and improve balance, get enough calcium and vitamin D, eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, etc.)

• #39 Hip fracture in older patients: Tips and tools to speed recovery | MDedge

  https://mdedge.com/jfponline/article/77278/geriatrics/hip-fracture-older-patients-tips-and-tools-speed-recovery

  Encourage physical activity. In addition to helping to reduce falls, physical activity—particularly repetitive weight-bearing exercise—can help maintain bone density and improve muscle mass, strength, and balance. […] Review vitamin D and calcium intake. Elderly patients with low levels of vitamin D are at increased risk of muscle mass decline, and therefore increased risk of fracture. […] Consider bisphosphonates. Order a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan for older patients to identify osteoporosis. […] Focus on the home environment. In addition to addressing the bone and muscular health of older patients, focus should be placed on the home environment. […] Conduct brown-bag reviews. Polypharmacy is a well-documented (and growing) problem among the elderly.

• #40

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4902a2.htm

  Falls are the leading cause of injury deaths and disabilities among persons aged 65 years. […] Because approximately 95% of hip fractures result from falls, minimizing fall risk is a practical approach to reducing these serious injuries. […] Research demonstrates that effective fall prevention strategies require a multifaceted approach with both behavioral and environmental components. Important elements include education and skill building to increase knowledge about fall risk factors, exercise to improve strength and balance, home modifications to reduce fall hazards, and medication assessment to minimize side effects (e.g., dizziness and grogginess). […] Primary prevention of fall-related injuries involves reducing the occurrence of falls; secondary prevention of fall-related injuries involves preventing injuries when falls occur.

• #41 Hip fracture in older patients: Tips and tools to speed recovery | MDedge

  https://mdedge.com/jfponline/article/77278/geriatrics/hip-fracture-older-patients-tips-and-tools-speed-recovery

  Ensure that surgical stabilization of hip fracture is performed as soon as possible—ideally within 48 hours of injury. […] To reduce the risk of delirium, orient the patient frequently; get her out of bed as soon as possible, and avoid prolonged catheter use. […] Order protein supplements for patients recovering from hip fracture and take steps to facilitate an early return to eating. […] Begin rehabilitation without delay. Whether a patient has surgery or is treated nonoperatively for hip fracture, the goal of rehabilitation is the same—to restore mobility as quickly as possible. […] Take steps to prevent—or treat—delirium. Early mobilization, in addition to boosting physical recovery, can help prevent delirium. […] Tips for preventing delirium: discontinue catheterization as soon as possible; this may help prevent delirium, and lessen the risk of urinary tract infection.

• #42 Hip Fracture Education for Patients & Families > Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/hip-care/hip-fracture-education/

  Discharge planning is key to helping you get out of the hospital and on your way to recovery as quickly as possible. […] Your safety and the prevention of falls is a priority often overlooked and underestimated by patients and families. […] A majority of elderly hip fracture patients require a skilled nursing facility after leaving the hospital. […] Early decision making helps for a smooth transition out of the hospital. […] Your PT and OT will help identify the best setting to continue your recovery after you leave the hospital. […] You can prevent fractures by strengthening your bones and avoiding falls. […] Protect against falling. Be especially careful about walking on stairs or wet/icy surfaces, getting out of the bathtub or shower and other situations where you may be at risk of falling. Make sure your home is safe to help avoid accidents. Have someone help you if necessary, and use a cane, walker crutches or handrails when needed.

• #43 Preventing and Treating Hip Fractures | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/hip-fracture

  Most hip fractures are caused by falls. Falls prevention is especially important after an initial hip fracture. The main ways to prevent hip fractures are by: Preventing falls, Maintaining bone strength through regular exercise and adequate calcium and vitamin D intake. In 2023, the Australia Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care released the updated Hip Fracture Care Clinical Care Standard. This standard aims to improve assessment and management of hip fractures and reduce the risk of subsequent hip fractures. Prior to discharge, patients should be given a falls and bone health assessment and management plan. Prevention strategies may include exercises to improve muscle strength and balance, as well as bone protection medicines if required.

• #44 Hip fracture 2: nursing care from admission to secondary prevention | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/musculoskeletal-and-orthopaedics/hip-fracture-2-nursing-care-from-admission-to-secondary-prevention-21-01-2019/

  Hip fractures are common in older people and require admission to hospital and surgical repair. […] Key elements of care for improving patient outcomes after a fragility hip fracture are incentivised by the National Tariff Payment System. Fracture care should include secondary prevention of fragility fractures through the assessment and management of osteoporosis and risk of falls. […] The secondary prevention of fragility fractures is an integral part of care, which should therefore include the assessment and management of osteoporosis. […] Fracture liaison services identify patients who have sustained a fragility fracture, are at risk of osteoporosis and are appropriate for further assessment. […] Patients diagnosed with osteoporosis may require medication to increase their bone density.

• #45

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40520-024-02761-3

  Hip fractures are the most serious fragility fractures due to their associated disability, higher hospitalization costs and high mortality rates. […] The fracture liaison service (FLS) care is considered the best organizational approach for secondary fracture prevention. […] This model of care has been reported to be associated with a significantly lower probability of subsequent fractures and mortality rates. […] The implementation of a FLS protocol was associated with a lower all-cause one-year mortality rate and a higher survivorship in elderly hip fracture patients. […] We also found a reduction in the complication and second-fracture rates. […] The implementation of a FLS model of care reduced surgical-related complications (i.e. infection, cut-out, cut-in, aseptic loosening, non-union, dislocation and medical complication). […] There is a global consensus for starting pharmacologic therapy for osteoporosis to people with a hip fracture to reduce the risk of additional fractures.

• #46 IOF urges action for prevention as study predicts global hip fractures to almost double by 2050 | International Osteoporosis Foundation

  https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/news/iof-urges-action-prevention-study-predicts-global-hip-fractures-almost-double-2050-20230614

  IOF urges action for prevention as study predicts global hip fractures to almost double by 2050. […] The findings of this important study highlight the urgent need for improved strategies in hip fracture prevention and care. […] A first step is to prioritize the implementation of post-fracture care coordination programmes, such as Fracture Liaison Services, to ensure that any older adult who has sustained a first hip fracture receives the needed treatment and management to prevent further, potentially life-threatening fractures. […] The time for action is now. IOF urges healthcare care systems to address the treatment gap through targeted policy and multidisciplinary intervention to reduce the impact of the hip fracture in the coming decades.

• #47 Update on medical management of acute hip fracture | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/88/4/237

  Morbidity and mortality rates associated with acute hip fracture remain high. […] Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism, treatment of preoperative anemia and acute kidney injury, and cardiac stabilization are important measures to reduce morbidity. […] Multimodal analgesia incorporating regional anesthesia techniques may help prevent delirium and facilitate early participation in physical therapy to reduce complications. […] Prophylaxis should be continued for 35 days, because the risk of venous thromboembolism is high (4.3%) in the first 5 weeks after hip fracture without prophylaxis. […] Effective control of postoperative pain using multimodal analgesia prevents delirium, encourages early participation in physical therapy, and reduces length of stay, hospital-acquired complications, and subsequent institutionalization.

• #48 One Minute Consult | When should prophylactic anticoagulation begin after a hip fracture?

  https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/ccjm/September2006/grant.htm

  When should prophylactic anticoagulation begin after a hip fracture? The short answer is immediately, but several issues need consideration before starting pharmacologic prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with a hip fracture: […] Approximately 350,000 hip fractures occur annually, with an anticipated increase to 500,000 by 2040. […] Clearly, all patients with hip fracture need prophylaxis against VTE. […] We feel it is important to begin preventive anticoagulation immediately, since in many cases patients do not undergo surgery until 24 to 48 hours after arrival at the hospital, leaving them unprotected against the risks of VTE during that time. […] VTE prophylaxis can be broadly classified in two categories: mechanical and pharmacologic. […] Mechanical VTE prophylaxis includes intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices, graded compression stockings, and venous foot pumps.

• #49 One Minute Consult | When should prophylactic anticoagulation begin after a hip fracture?

  https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/ccjm/September2006/grant.htm

  Aspirin is not recommended for VTE prophylaxis. […] The evidence to date seems to indicate that fondaparinux is the most effective agent. […] Promptly starting and then continuing VTE prophylaxis for the optimal duration is very important. […] Warfarin is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for VTE prophylaxis in hip fracture patients. […] Low-molecular-weight heparins such as enoxaparin and dalteparin have gained popularity recently compared with low-dose unfractionated heparin since they are well absorbed from subcutaneous tissue, are less likely to induce thrombocytopenia, and can be dosed once daily. […] Therapy should continue for 4 weeks.

• #50 Best Practices for Elderly Hip Fracture Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1490246/

  To determine evidence-based best practices for elderly hip fracture patients from the time of hospital admission to 6 months postfracture. […] Spinal anesthesia, pressure-relieving mattresses, perioperative antibiotics, and deep vein thromboses prophylaxes had consistent evidence of benefit. […] Pressure sore prevention, incidence of pressure sores, pressure-reducing mattresses appear to be beneficial in reducing pressure sore development. […] DVT prophylaxis in the form of any heparin or fondiparinux for 10 days postoperatively, or mechanical pumping should be used. […] Antibiotics should be used preoperatively for all patients. […] Standardized care, based upon current best evidence, constitutes 1 approach to facilitate optimal outcomes and resource use. […] The evidence for perioperative practices is relatively robust and evidence-based perioperative treatment guidelines can be easily established. […] More evidence is required to better guide the care of elderly patients with hip fracture during the subacute recovery period and convalescence.

• #51 Update on medical management of acute hip fracture | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/88/4/237

  Simple nonpharmacologic interventions to prevent delirium include an adequate sleep protocol, use of eyeglasses or hearing aids, minimizing urinary catheters, early mobility and daily physical activity, maintaining hydration, and avoidance of constipation. […] Enhanced recovery protocols have been used in Europe for about 20 years over a wide range of surgeries. Many of the recommendations in this review are aligned with such protocols, which have been shown to benefit the geriatric population.

• #52 Geriatric Hip Fractures > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/geriatric-hip-fractures

  Faster surgical care: Research shows that hip fracture patients do better when surgery is performed within 24 hours of the injury. […] The Fragility Hip Fracture Program has resulted in a dramatic improvement in care, says Dr. Shapiro. It improves quality because its now easier for us to take better care of hip fracture patients. They are prioritized, given rapid pain control, standardized workups and excellent preventive care.

• #53 Why Hip Fractures Require Surgery & Treatment | UTSW Medical Center – MedBlog

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/hip-fracture-surgery-fall/

  Surgery to repair a hip fracture should be done within 24-48 hours. […] Every patient with a fall-related hip fracture should get it fixed within 24-48 hours. […] The longer you wait to get treatment after a hip fracture, the weaker and frailer your body becomes. This further reduces quality of life and increases the risk of a future fracture. […] Delayed treatment can lead to serious, even fatal complications. […] Many studies have shown that delayed hip fracture treatment increases the risk of death.

• #54

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4902a2.htm

  Effective public health strategies need to be implemented to promote behavioral changes, improve current interventions, and develop new fall prevention strategies to reduce future morbidity and mortality associated with hip fractures among older adults. […] Secondary prevention strategies are being developed to reduce the incidence of hip fracture among older women. […] A promising technologic innovation for preventing fall-related injuries is a recently developed safety floor. […] Innovative and effective fall prevention strategies are needed to reduce future morbidity and mortality associated with hip fractures, increase independence, and improve quality of life for the growing number of older adults.

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