Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Infective endocarditis: determinants of long term outcome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1767177/

  Objective: To evaluate predictors of long term prognosis in infective endocarditis. […] Results: During a mean follow up period of 89 months (range 1244 months), 56% of patients died. […] Long term survival following infective endocarditis is 50% after 10 years and is predicted by early surgical treatment, age 55 years, lack of congestive heart failure, and the initial presence of more symptoms of endocarditis. […] Although modern antibiotic and surgical treatments have substantially improved outcome in recent decades, infective endocarditis remains a life threatening disease. […] The objectives of this study were to evaluate predictors of long term survival and morbidity in a large cohort of patients with infective endocarditis. […] Overall mortality was 24%, 42%, 50%, and 56% after 1, 5, 10, and 20 years, respectively.

• #2 Predictors of mortality and adverse events in patients with infective endocarditis: a retrospective real world study in a surgical centre | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12872-021-01853-6

  Mortality in infective endocarditis (IE) is still high, and the long term prognosis remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify predictors of long-term mortality for any cause, adverse event rate, relapse rate, valvular and ventricular dysfunction at follow-up, in a real-world surgical centre. […] Multivariate analysis independent predictors of mortality showed age (HR per unit 1.031, p0.003), drug abuse (HR 3.5, p0.002), EUROSCORE II (HR per unit 1.017, p0.0006) and double valve infection (HR 2.3, p0.001) to be independent predictors of mortality, while streptococcal infection remained associated with a better prognosis (HR 0.5, p0.04). […] The present study highlights some clinical, readily available factors that can be useful to stratify the prognosis of patients with IE. […] The three-year mortality rate of IE in the literature often exceeds 30%. The overall mortality rate at three years in our series was 29%. We found several, commonly available predictors of higher mortality in endocarditis, that can be useful for clinicians to stratify patient prognosis better.

• #3 Early and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Surgery for Native and Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: The Role of Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Neutrophil-to-Platelet Ratio, and Monocyte-to Lymphocyte Ratio

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/2/533

  Early risk stratification is of paramount importance in patients with IE to determine optimal timing of surgery and to reduce complications and mortality rates. […] The prognostic role of hematological parameters in predicting outcome in patients with IE has also been investigated. […] In patients undergoing surgery for IE, preoperative higher NLR, NPR, and MLR are associated with increased early and long-term mortality. […] Overall mean survival time was 12.2 ± 0.5 years, and survival rates were 92.8% at 30 days, 83.7% at 1 year, 71.4% at 5 years, 58.6% at 10 years, 43.2% at 15 years, and 26% at 20 years. […] Patients with preoperative NLR < 3.8 had significantly better mean survival time compared to patients with preoperative NLR > 3.8. […] Patients with preoperative NPR < 30.9 had significantly better mean survival time compared to patients with preoperative NPR > 30.9. […] Patients with preoperative MLR < 0.4 had significantly better mean survival time compared to patients with preoperative MLR > 0.5.

• #4 Infective endocarditis: determinants of long term outcome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1767177/

  Objective: To evaluate predictors of long term prognosis in infective endocarditis. […] Results: During a mean follow up period of 89 months (range 1244 months), 56% of patients died. […] Long term survival following infective endocarditis is 50% after 10 years and is predicted by early surgical treatment, age 55 years, lack of congestive heart failure, and the initial presence of more symptoms of endocarditis. […] Although modern antibiotic and surgical treatments have substantially improved outcome in recent decades, infective endocarditis remains a life threatening disease. […] The objectives of this study were to evaluate predictors of long term survival and morbidity in a large cohort of patients with infective endocarditis. […] Overall mortality was 24%, 42%, 50%, and 56% after 1, 5, 10, and 20 years, respectively.

• #5 Predictors of mortality and adverse events in patients with infective endocarditis: a retrospective real world study in a surgical centre | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12872-021-01853-6

  Mortality in infective endocarditis (IE) is still high, and the long term prognosis remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify predictors of long-term mortality for any cause, adverse event rate, relapse rate, valvular and ventricular dysfunction at follow-up, in a real-world surgical centre. […] Multivariate analysis independent predictors of mortality showed age (HR per unit 1.031, p0.003), drug abuse (HR 3.5, p0.002), EUROSCORE II (HR per unit 1.017, p0.0006) and double valve infection (HR 2.3, p0.001) to be independent predictors of mortality, while streptococcal infection remained associated with a better prognosis (HR 0.5, p0.04). […] The present study highlights some clinical, readily available factors that can be useful to stratify the prognosis of patients with IE. […] The three-year mortality rate of IE in the literature often exceeds 30%. The overall mortality rate at three years in our series was 29%. We found several, commonly available predictors of higher mortality in endocarditis, that can be useful for clinicians to stratify patient prognosis better.

• #6 Early and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Surgery for Native and Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: The Role of Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Neutrophil-to-Platelet Ratio, and Monocyte-to Lymphocyte Ratio

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/2/533

  Early risk stratification is of paramount importance in patients with IE to determine optimal timing of surgery and to reduce complications and mortality rates. […] The prognostic role of hematological parameters in predicting outcome in patients with IE has also been investigated. […] In patients undergoing surgery for IE, preoperative higher NLR, NPR, and MLR are associated with increased early and long-term mortality. […] Overall mean survival time was 12.2 ± 0.5 years, and survival rates were 92.8% at 30 days, 83.7% at 1 year, 71.4% at 5 years, 58.6% at 10 years, 43.2% at 15 years, and 26% at 20 years. […] Patients with preoperative NLR < 3.8 had significantly better mean survival time compared to patients with preoperative NLR > 3.8. […] Patients with preoperative NPR < 30.9 had significantly better mean survival time compared to patients with preoperative NPR > 30.9. […] Patients with preoperative MLR < 0.4 had significantly better mean survival time compared to patients with preoperative MLR > 0.5.

• #7 Infective endocarditis: determinants of long term outcome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1767177/

  By univariate analysis various risk factors for endocarditis such as pre-existing renal failure (serum creatinine 200 mol/l) and cancer, as well as a higher number of symptoms and signs of endocarditis, were directly associated with long term mortality. […] By multivariate analysis, the following factors were predictive of overall long term mortality: absence of early surgical treatment, organisms other than streptococci, fewer symptoms or signs of endocarditis on admission, congestive heart failure during active endocarditis, and age 55 years. […] Both long term overall and cardiac mortalities were significantly lower in patients treated medically and surgically in the acute phase of the disease than in medically treated patients. […] Our study documented that even after successful treatment of an episode of infective endocarditis, long term mortality and long term morbidity remain high. Factors predictive of long term mortality are age 55 years, congestive heart failure, and the initial presence of few symptoms of endocarditis. Moreover, early valve replacement has the potential to improve long term survival in a wide range of patients with infective endocarditis.

• #8 Predictors of mortality and adverse events in patients with infective endocarditis: a retrospective real world study in a surgical centre | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12872-021-01853-6

  Mortality in infective endocarditis (IE) is still high, and the long term prognosis remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify predictors of long-term mortality for any cause, adverse event rate, relapse rate, valvular and ventricular dysfunction at follow-up, in a real-world surgical centre. […] Multivariate analysis independent predictors of mortality showed age (HR per unit 1.031, p0.003), drug abuse (HR 3.5, p0.002), EUROSCORE II (HR per unit 1.017, p0.0006) and double valve infection (HR 2.3, p0.001) to be independent predictors of mortality, while streptococcal infection remained associated with a better prognosis (HR 0.5, p0.04). […] The present study highlights some clinical, readily available factors that can be useful to stratify the prognosis of patients with IE. […] The three-year mortality rate of IE in the literature often exceeds 30%. The overall mortality rate at three years in our series was 29%. We found several, commonly available predictors of higher mortality in endocarditis, that can be useful for clinicians to stratify patient prognosis better.

• #9 Predictors of mortality and adverse events in patients with infective endocarditis: a retrospective real world study in a surgical centre | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12872-021-01853-6

  Mortality in infective endocarditis (IE) is still high, and the long term prognosis remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify predictors of long-term mortality for any cause, adverse event rate, relapse rate, valvular and ventricular dysfunction at follow-up, in a real-world surgical centre. […] Multivariate analysis independent predictors of mortality showed age (HR per unit 1.031, p0.003), drug abuse (HR 3.5, p0.002), EUROSCORE II (HR per unit 1.017, p0.0006) and double valve infection (HR 2.3, p0.001) to be independent predictors of mortality, while streptococcal infection remained associated with a better prognosis (HR 0.5, p0.04). […] The present study highlights some clinical, readily available factors that can be useful to stratify the prognosis of patients with IE. […] The three-year mortality rate of IE in the literature often exceeds 30%. The overall mortality rate at three years in our series was 29%. We found several, commonly available predictors of higher mortality in endocarditis, that can be useful for clinicians to stratify patient prognosis better.

• #10 Occurrence and Outcome of Infective Endocarditis after Surgical Compared to Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation in Congenital Heart Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/9/2683

  A previous diagnosis of IE was associated with de novo IE in our analysis. Other parameters such as complexity of congenital heart disease, age or gender did not emerge as risk factors. […] Given the overall balanced impact on early and late IE between the treatment modalities, the obvious clinical implications of our findings are less focused on the choice of treatment strategy. The decision to use a transcatheter or surgical valve implantation/replacement approach should be guided by anatomical aspects, surgical risk and the technical feasibility of TPVI. […] Our data emphasize the importance of awareness of the long-term risk for IE. Educational management of congenital heart disease patients about the importance of primary preventive measures is a life-long requirement and needed even many years after valve replacement.

• #11 Infective Endocarditis—Characteristics and Prognosis According to the Affected Valves

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11123953/

  Infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be a disease with high mortality despite medical advances. […] Mortality was higher in MIE than in SIE (31.1% vs. 23.8%) and was the highest in multivalve aortic-tricuspid (AV-TV) IE (75%). […] The aortic valve is the most frequently affected valve, as single-valve IE or as multivalve AV-MV, with the predominant causative agents being of the Staphylococcus group. […] AV-TV IE has the worst prognosis, with the most common complication of septic shock and the highest in-hospital mortality. […] The thirty-day mortality was higher in MIE than in SIE (31.1% vs. 23.8%), without statistical difference (p 0.05). Mortality was significantly higher in AV-TV IE (75%), in PV IE (100%), and in CDRIE (100%) (statistically significant differences are presented in Table 1).

• #12 Infective Endocarditis—Characteristics and Prognosis According to the Affected Valves

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11123953/

  The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was the highest in MV IE 4 (4) and AV-MV IE 4 (3) and the lowest in TV IE 1 (5) (AV vs. TV (p = 0.048); MV vs. TV (p = 0.011)). […] We found higher 30-day mortality rates in multivalve IE versus single-valve IE, without a statistical difference. The prognosis of MIE is unclear. […] We found a significantly higher mortality rate in AV-TV and CDRIE than in the other valve involvements, despite the small number of patients in these groups.

• #13 Early and Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Surgery for Native and Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: The Role of Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Neutrophil-to-Platelet Ratio, and Monocyte-to Lymphocyte Ratio

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/2/533

  Early risk stratification is of paramount importance in patients with IE to determine optimal timing of surgery and to reduce complications and mortality rates. […] The prognostic role of hematological parameters in predicting outcome in patients with IE has also been investigated. […] In patients undergoing surgery for IE, preoperative higher NLR, NPR, and MLR are associated with increased early and long-term mortality. […] Overall mean survival time was 12.2 ± 0.5 years, and survival rates were 92.8% at 30 days, 83.7% at 1 year, 71.4% at 5 years, 58.6% at 10 years, 43.2% at 15 years, and 26% at 20 years. […] Patients with preoperative NLR < 3.8 had significantly better mean survival time compared to patients with preoperative NLR > 3.8. […] Patients with preoperative NPR < 30.9 had significantly better mean survival time compared to patients with preoperative NPR > 30.9. […] Patients with preoperative MLR < 0.4 had significantly better mean survival time compared to patients with preoperative MLR > 0.5.

• #14 Infective endocarditis: determinants of long term outcome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1767177/

  By univariate analysis various risk factors for endocarditis such as pre-existing renal failure (serum creatinine 200 mol/l) and cancer, as well as a higher number of symptoms and signs of endocarditis, were directly associated with long term mortality. […] By multivariate analysis, the following factors were predictive of overall long term mortality: absence of early surgical treatment, organisms other than streptococci, fewer symptoms or signs of endocarditis on admission, congestive heart failure during active endocarditis, and age 55 years. […] Both long term overall and cardiac mortalities were significantly lower in patients treated medically and surgically in the acute phase of the disease than in medically treated patients. […] Our study documented that even after successful treatment of an episode of infective endocarditis, long term mortality and long term morbidity remain high. Factors predictive of long term mortality are age 55 years, congestive heart failure, and the initial presence of few symptoms of endocarditis. Moreover, early valve replacement has the potential to improve long term survival in a wide range of patients with infective endocarditis.

• #15 Infective endocarditis | Nature Reviews Disease Primers

  https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201659

  Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare, life-threatening disease that has long-lasting effects even among patients who survive and are cured. […] This prospective cohort study of 2,781 adults with definite IE demonstrates that IE had shifted from a subacute disease of younger people with rheumatic valvular abnormalities to one in which the presentation is more acute and is characterized by a high rate of S. aureus infection in patients with previous health care exposure. […] This randomized trial of daptomycin versus standard therapy for S. aureus bacteraemia and IE demonstrates that daptomycin at a dose of 6 mg per kg daily is not inferior to standard therapy. This led to FDA approval of daptomycin for the treatment of S. aureus bacteraemia and right-sided IE. […] This study of 857 patients with IE complicated by ischaemic stroke without haemorrhagic conversion found that no survival benefit was gained from delaying surgery.

• #16 Occurrence and Outcome of Infective Endocarditis after Surgical Compared to Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation in Congenital Heart Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/9/2683

  Our data give novel insights into the time dynamics of infective endocarditis after pulmonary valve replacement in congenital heart disease patients. Specifically, they show that patients treated with a transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation are at a lower risk for early endocarditis specifically in the first year compared to patients with surgically implanted valves. Over time, however, risk increases gradually and after three years, the probability of IE reverses with the result of an elevated long-term risk for infective endocarditis and all-cause death after transcatheter valve implantation in comparison to patients that have primarily been treated surgically. […] The overall frequency of IE after pulmonary valve replacement was 8% at a median follow-up of 3.5 years without relevant differences between the surgical and interventional cohort.

• #17 Occurrence and Outcome of Infective Endocarditis after Surgical Compared to Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation in Congenital Heart Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/9/2683

  A previous diagnosis of IE was associated with de novo IE in our analysis. Other parameters such as complexity of congenital heart disease, age or gender did not emerge as risk factors. […] Given the overall balanced impact on early and late IE between the treatment modalities, the obvious clinical implications of our findings are less focused on the choice of treatment strategy. The decision to use a transcatheter or surgical valve implantation/replacement approach should be guided by anatomical aspects, surgical risk and the technical feasibility of TPVI. […] Our data emphasize the importance of awareness of the long-term risk for IE. Educational management of congenital heart disease patients about the importance of primary preventive measures is a life-long requirement and needed even many years after valve replacement.

• #18 Infective endocarditis | Nature Reviews Disease Primers

  https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201659

  Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare, life-threatening disease that has long-lasting effects even among patients who survive and are cured. […] This prospective cohort study of 2,781 adults with definite IE demonstrates that IE had shifted from a subacute disease of younger people with rheumatic valvular abnormalities to one in which the presentation is more acute and is characterized by a high rate of S. aureus infection in patients with previous health care exposure. […] This randomized trial of daptomycin versus standard therapy for S. aureus bacteraemia and IE demonstrates that daptomycin at a dose of 6 mg per kg daily is not inferior to standard therapy. This led to FDA approval of daptomycin for the treatment of S. aureus bacteraemia and right-sided IE. […] This study of 857 patients with IE complicated by ischaemic stroke without haemorrhagic conversion found that no survival benefit was gained from delaying surgery.

• #19 Endocarditis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16957-endocarditis

  Endocarditis can be life-limiting. Once you get it, you’ll need quick treatment to prevent damage to your heart valves and more serious complications. […] Most people survive endocarditis when they get aggressive treatment, but your risk of endocarditis being fatal depends on: your age, whether you have an artificial valve in your heart, how long you have had the infection, what type of organism made you sick, and how badly your heart valve is damaged. […] Endocarditis is fatal without treatment.

• #20 Infective Endocarditis—Characteristics and Prognosis According to the Affected Valves

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11123953/

  Infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be a disease with high mortality despite medical advances. […] Mortality was higher in MIE than in SIE (31.1% vs. 23.8%) and was the highest in multivalve aortic-tricuspid (AV-TV) IE (75%). […] The aortic valve is the most frequently affected valve, as single-valve IE or as multivalve AV-MV, with the predominant causative agents being of the Staphylococcus group. […] AV-TV IE has the worst prognosis, with the most common complication of septic shock and the highest in-hospital mortality. […] The thirty-day mortality was higher in MIE than in SIE (31.1% vs. 23.8%), without statistical difference (p 0.05). Mortality was significantly higher in AV-TV IE (75%), in PV IE (100%), and in CDRIE (100%) (statistically significant differences are presented in Table 1).

• #21 Genetic Algorithms to Simplify Prognosis of Endocarditis | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-23878-9_54

  This ongoing interdisciplinary research is based on the application of genetic algorithms to simplify the process of predicting the mortality of a critical illness called endocarditis. […] The results obtained using a real data set, show that using only the features selected by employing a genetic algorithm from each patients case can predict with a quite high accuracy the most probable evolution of the patient.

• #22 Predictors of mortality and adverse events in patients with infective endocarditis: a retrospective real world study in a surgical centre | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12872-021-01853-6

  In our series, the independent predictors of mortality were age, drug abuse, EUROSCORE II, and double valve infection, while the streptococcal infection had a better prognosis. Age predicted major non-fatal adverse events. Drug abuse was the only independent predictor of new episodes of endocarditis. Our results demonstrate some readily available parameters that identify IE patients at an increased risk of adverse prognosis. Accurate stratification of the prognosis could orient towards more aggressive management in selected patients.

• #23 Occurrence and Outcome of Infective Endocarditis after Surgical Compared to Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation in Congenital Heart Disease

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/9/2683

  A previous diagnosis of IE was associated with de novo IE in our analysis. Other parameters such as complexity of congenital heart disease, age or gender did not emerge as risk factors. […] Given the overall balanced impact on early and late IE between the treatment modalities, the obvious clinical implications of our findings are less focused on the choice of treatment strategy. The decision to use a transcatheter or surgical valve implantation/replacement approach should be guided by anatomical aspects, surgical risk and the technical feasibility of TPVI. […] Our data emphasize the importance of awareness of the long-term risk for IE. Educational management of congenital heart disease patients about the importance of primary preventive measures is a life-long requirement and needed even many years after valve replacement.

• #24 Endocarditis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16957-endocarditis

  Endocarditis can be life-limiting. Once you get it, you’ll need quick treatment to prevent damage to your heart valves and more serious complications. […] Most people survive endocarditis when they get aggressive treatment, but your risk of endocarditis being fatal depends on: your age, whether you have an artificial valve in your heart, how long you have had the infection, what type of organism made you sick, and how badly your heart valve is damaged. […] Endocarditis is fatal without treatment.

• #25 Infective endocarditis | Nature Reviews Disease Primers

  https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201659

  Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare, life-threatening disease that has long-lasting effects even among patients who survive and are cured. […] This prospective cohort study of 2,781 adults with definite IE demonstrates that IE had shifted from a subacute disease of younger people with rheumatic valvular abnormalities to one in which the presentation is more acute and is characterized by a high rate of S. aureus infection in patients with previous health care exposure. […] This randomized trial of daptomycin versus standard therapy for S. aureus bacteraemia and IE demonstrates that daptomycin at a dose of 6 mg per kg daily is not inferior to standard therapy. This led to FDA approval of daptomycin for the treatment of S. aureus bacteraemia and right-sided IE. […] This study of 857 patients with IE complicated by ischaemic stroke without haemorrhagic conversion found that no survival benefit was gained from delaying surgery.

• #26 Infective endocarditis: determinants of long term outcome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1767177/

  By univariate analysis various risk factors for endocarditis such as pre-existing renal failure (serum creatinine 200 mol/l) and cancer, as well as a higher number of symptoms and signs of endocarditis, were directly associated with long term mortality. […] By multivariate analysis, the following factors were predictive of overall long term mortality: absence of early surgical treatment, organisms other than streptococci, fewer symptoms or signs of endocarditis on admission, congestive heart failure during active endocarditis, and age 55 years. […] Both long term overall and cardiac mortalities were significantly lower in patients treated medically and surgically in the acute phase of the disease than in medically treated patients. […] Our study documented that even after successful treatment of an episode of infective endocarditis, long term mortality and long term morbidity remain high. Factors predictive of long term mortality are age 55 years, congestive heart failure, and the initial presence of few symptoms of endocarditis. Moreover, early valve replacement has the potential to improve long term survival in a wide range of patients with infective endocarditis.

• #27 Predictors of mortality and adverse events in patients with infective endocarditis: a retrospective real world study in a surgical centre | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12872-021-01853-6

  Mortality in infective endocarditis (IE) is still high, and the long term prognosis remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify predictors of long-term mortality for any cause, adverse event rate, relapse rate, valvular and ventricular dysfunction at follow-up, in a real-world surgical centre. […] Multivariate analysis independent predictors of mortality showed age (HR per unit 1.031, p0.003), drug abuse (HR 3.5, p0.002), EUROSCORE II (HR per unit 1.017, p0.0006) and double valve infection (HR 2.3, p0.001) to be independent predictors of mortality, while streptococcal infection remained associated with a better prognosis (HR 0.5, p0.04). […] The present study highlights some clinical, readily available factors that can be useful to stratify the prognosis of patients with IE. […] The three-year mortality rate of IE in the literature often exceeds 30%. The overall mortality rate at three years in our series was 29%. We found several, commonly available predictors of higher mortality in endocarditis, that can be useful for clinicians to stratify patient prognosis better.

• #28 Infective Endocarditis—Characteristics and Prognosis According to the Affected Valves

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11123953/

  Infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be a disease with high mortality despite medical advances. […] Mortality was higher in MIE than in SIE (31.1% vs. 23.8%) and was the highest in multivalve aortic-tricuspid (AV-TV) IE (75%). […] The aortic valve is the most frequently affected valve, as single-valve IE or as multivalve AV-MV, with the predominant causative agents being of the Staphylococcus group. […] AV-TV IE has the worst prognosis, with the most common complication of septic shock and the highest in-hospital mortality. […] The thirty-day mortality was higher in MIE than in SIE (31.1% vs. 23.8%), without statistical difference (p 0.05). Mortality was significantly higher in AV-TV IE (75%), in PV IE (100%), and in CDRIE (100%) (statistically significant differences are presented in Table 1).

• #29 Infective endocarditis: determinants of long term outcome

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1767177/

  Objective: To evaluate predictors of long term prognosis in infective endocarditis. […] Results: During a mean follow up period of 89 months (range 1244 months), 56% of patients died. […] Long term survival following infective endocarditis is 50% after 10 years and is predicted by early surgical treatment, age 55 years, lack of congestive heart failure, and the initial presence of more symptoms of endocarditis. […] Although modern antibiotic and surgical treatments have substantially improved outcome in recent decades, infective endocarditis remains a life threatening disease. […] The objectives of this study were to evaluate predictors of long term survival and morbidity in a large cohort of patients with infective endocarditis. […] Overall mortality was 24%, 42%, 50%, and 56% after 1, 5, 10, and 20 years, respectively.

• #30 Predictors of mortality and adverse events in patients with infective endocarditis: a retrospective real world study in a surgical centre | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12872-021-01853-6

  In our series, the independent predictors of mortality were age, drug abuse, EUROSCORE II, and double valve infection, while the streptococcal infection had a better prognosis. Age predicted major non-fatal adverse events. Drug abuse was the only independent predictor of new episodes of endocarditis. Our results demonstrate some readily available parameters that identify IE patients at an increased risk of adverse prognosis. Accurate stratification of the prognosis could orient towards more aggressive management in selected patients.

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