Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pancreatic Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518996/

  Pancreatic cancer refers to the carcinoma arising from the pancreatic duct cells, pancreatic ductal carcinoma. This is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. […] Pancreatic cancer refers to the carcinoma arising from the pancreatic duct cells, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, and is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. […] Ten percent have a genetic cause such as genetic mutations or association with syndromes such as Lynch syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, and MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1). Possible risk factors include heavy alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, physical inactivity, high red meat consumption, and 2 or more soft drinks per day. […] Smoking (20% of pancreatic cancers are caused by smoking)

• #1 Pancreatic Cancer Causes & Risk Factors | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/pancreatic/risk-factors

  We dont know the exact cause of pancreatic cancer. But we know there are some things that can raise your chances of getting pancreatic cancer. […] People with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer are 9 times more likely to get it. […] About 10 out of every 100 people with pancreatic cancer have an inherited genetic change. […] Tobacco use is the main risk factor for pancreatic cancer. […] Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is 2 to 3 times more common in heavy smokers than in nonsmokers. […] You’re more likely to get the disease after age 55. […] Blacks are more likely to get pancreatic cancer than others (Caucasians, Hispanics, or Asian-Americans). […] Research studies suggest that people with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more are at higher risk. […] Having type 2 diabetes may raise your risk. […] Chronic inflammation of the pancreas may raise the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Environmental factors can raise your risk. […] Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that may also raise your risk for pancreatic cancer.

• #1 Risks and causes of pancreatic cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/pancreatic-cancer/risks-causes

  Doctors dont know what causes most pancreatic cancers. […] The risk factors for pancreatic cancer include: […] Around 20 out of 100 cases of pancreatic cancer in the UK (around 20%) are caused by smoking. […] More than 10 in 100 pancreatic cancers in the UK (more than 10%) are caused by being overweight or obese. […] Sometimes pancreatic cancer is found to run in families. […] Your risk of pancreatic cancer is higher if you carry the faulty breast cancer gene BRAC1 and BRCA2. […] Faulty breast gene PALB2 gene is also linked to an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. […] The risk of pancreatic cancer is increased if you have a history of the following: […] Long term inflammation of the pancreas is called chronic pancreatitis. […] People with hereditary pancreatitis have a higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer compared to the rest of the population.

• #1 Pancreatic cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer

  Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include tobacco smoking, obesity, diabetes, and certain rare genetic conditions. About 25% of cases are linked to smoking, and 5-10% are linked to inherited genes. […] The risk of developing pancreatic cancer is lower among non-smokers, and people who maintain a healthy weight and limit their consumption of red or processed meat; the risk is greater for men, smokers, and those with diabetes. […] Pancreatic cancer has been associated with these other rare hereditary syndromes: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome due to mutations in the STK11 tumor suppressor gene (very rare, but a very strong risk factor); dysplastic nevus syndrome (or familial atypical multiple mole and melanoma syndrome, FAMMM-PC) due to mutations in the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene; autosomal recessive ATM and autosomal dominantly inherited mutations in the BRCA2 and PALB2 genes; hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (Lynch syndrome); and familial adenomatous polyposis.

• #1 Causes & Risk Factors – PanKind The Australian Pancreatic Cancer Foundation

  https://pankind.org.au/about-pancreatic-cancer/causes-risk-factors/

  Pancreatic cancer has a propensity to occur in older people and more often in men, however certainly not always. […] Pancreatic cancer risk is significantly increased by smoking cigarettes, cigars and pipes as well as chewing tobacco. Smokers are about twice as likely to develop pancreatic cancer than non-smokers. […] Obese people have a 20 per cent increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer when compared with people who are of normal weight. […] Disorders being studied for connections to pancreatic cancer include: a BRCA mutation, cystic fibrosis, familial adenomatous polyposis, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM), Lynch syndrome, hereditary pancreatitis, PALB2 mutation and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. […] Some pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are caused by a rare inherited syndrome, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or neurofibromatosis.

• #1 Pancreas Cancer Causes | Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative

  https://www.pancreaticcancer.net.au/patients-pancreatic-cancer/causes/

  The majority of pancreatic cancers occur by chance, however 5-10% of pancreatic cancers are inherited. […] Genetic mutations can be passed down through families, causing some individuals to be born with an increased susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. […] Mutations in the BRCA2 gene are generally associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. However, BRCA2 mutations may also account for 6-16% of hereditary pancreatic cancer cases. […] This syndrome is caused by mutations in the STK11 gene. […] Hereditary pancreatitis is rare and can be caused by mutations in the PRSS1 or SPINK1 gene. […] FAMMM is caused by mutations in the CDKN2A gene, and affected individuals tend to develop a large number of skin moles and melanomas at young ages. […] Lynch syndrome is an inherited predisposition to developing bowel cancer, due to mismatch repair gene mutations (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2). […] FAP is a result of mutations in the APC gene and is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. […] 5-10% of pancreatic cancers can be the result of inherited changes.

• #1 Pancreatic cancer: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323423

  Scientists do not know exactly what causes pancreatic cancer, but some factors appear to increase the risk. […] Genetic conditions that may have links to pancreatic cancer include: von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Lynch syndrome. […] People with the following health conditions may have a higher risk of pancreatic cancer: cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver; infection of the stomach with the ulcer-causing bacterium Helicobacter pylori; diabetes; obesity; chronic pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas. […] Some lifestyle factors may also contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer, such as smoking, having excess weight, getting low levels of exercise, eating a diet that is high in red meat and fat and low in fruits and vegetables, drinking a lot of alcohol over time, consuming two or more soft drinks per day.

• #1 Causes & Risk Factors – PanKind The Australian Pancreatic Cancer Foundation

  https://pankind.org.au/about-pancreatic-cancer/causes-risk-factors/

  Around 1 in 10 people who are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer have a family history of the disease. Risk of pancreatic cancer increases if someone has two or more first-degree relatives (parent, sibling or child) who have had the disease or a first-degree relative who developed pancreatic cancer before they were 50 years old. […] Risk of pancreatic cancer increases if there is a family history of breast, ovarian or colon cancer, familial melanoma or hereditary pancreatitis. […] Chronic pancreatitis indicates an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. […] Pancreatic cancer is more likely to occur in people who have long-standing diabetes (more than 5 years). […] Some research suggests a link between heavy alcohol consumption and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. […] African Americans and Ashkenazi Jews have a higher incidence of pancreatic cancer when compared with individuals of Asian, Hispanic or Caucasian descent.

• #1 What Causes Pancreatic Cancer? | Is Pancreatic Cancer Hereditary? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html

  We dont know what causes pancreatic cancer. But we do know many of the risk factors for this cancer and how some of them cause cells to become cancerous. […] Cancers can be caused by DNA changes that turn on oncogenes or turn off tumor suppressor genes. […] Some people inherit gene changes from their parents that raise their risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Most gene mutations related to cancers of the pancreas occur after a person is born, rather than having been inherited. […] These acquired gene mutations sometimes result from exposure to cancer-causing chemicals (like those found in tobacco smoke). But often what causes these changes is not known. […] Many gene changes are probably just random events that sometimes happen inside a cell, without having an outside cause. […] Some of the DNA changes often seen in sporadic (non-inherited) cases of pancreatic cancer are the same as those seen in inherited cases, while others are different. […] But many pancreatic cancers also have changes in genes such as KRAS, BRAF, and DPC4 (SMAD4), which are not part of inherited syndromes. Other gene changes can be found in pancreatic cancers, although often its not clear what has caused these changes.

• #1 Pancreatic Cancer Risk Factors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  A risk factor is anything that increases your chance of getting a disease such as cancer. […] Here are some of the risk factors known to increase a persons risk for pancreatic cancer. […] Smoking is one of the most important risk factors for pancreatic cancer. The risk of getting pancreatic cancer is about twice as high among people who smoke compared to those who have never smoked. About 25% of pancreatic cancers are thought to be caused by cigarette smoking. […] Having excess body weight (overweight or obesity) is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. People with obesity (body mass index [BMI] of 30 or more) are about 20% more likely to develop pancreatic cancer. […] Pancreatic cancer is more common in people with diabetes. The reason for this is not known. […] Chronic pancreatitis, a long-term inflammation of the pancreas, is linked with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.

• #1 Pancreatic Cancer Risk Factors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  Diets with red and processed meats (such as sausage and bacon) and saturated fats may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Some studies show a link between heavy alcohol use and pancreatic cancer. Heavy alcohol use can lead to conditions such as chronic pancreatitis, which is known to increase pancreatic cancer risk. […] Some research suggests that infection of the stomach with the ulcer-causing bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) or infection with hepatitis B may increase the risk of getting pancreatic cancer.

• #1 Pancreatic Cancer Risk Factors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  Heavy exposure at work to certain chemicals (carcinogens) used in the dry cleaning and metal working industries may raise a persons risk of pancreatic cancer. […] The risk of developing pancreatic cancer goes up as people age. Almost all patients are older than 45. […] Men are slightly more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than women. […] African Americans are slightly more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than Whites. […] Pancreatic cancer seems to run in some families. […] Inherited gene changes (mutations) can be passed from parent to child. These gene changes may cause as many as 10% of pancreatic cancers. […] Chronic pancreatitis is sometimes due to an inherited gene mutation. People with this inherited form of pancreatitis have a higher lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer.

• #1 Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer: Global Trends, Etiology and Risk Factors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6396775/

  Gastric colonization with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is also associated with greater risk of pancreatic cancer, with an estimated population attributable fraction of 4-25%. […] The antigens of the ABO system are expressed on red blood cell membranes as well as on the surface of several other normal and pathological cells and tissues. […] Following the first clinical observations more than 60 years ago, the role of ABO blood group in cancer biology has been intensely studied by several investigators, and it is now widely recognized that ABO antigens are associated with the risk of developing several types of cancers, including pancreatic. […] In recent decades, accumulating evidence has defined that longstanding pre-existing chronic pancreatitis as a strong risk factor for pancreatic cancer.

• #1 Risks and causes of pancreatic cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/pancreatic-cancer/risks-causes

  Diabetes is a disease of the pancreatic cells that normally make insulin. People with diabetes have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Gallstones are small hard lumps (usually of cholesterol) that form in the gallbladder. People with gallstones have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared to those without gallstones. […] Women with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer compared with the general population. […] About 70 out of 100 cases of chronic pancreatitis (about 70%) are due to drinking high amounts of alcohol over a long time. […] Some research suggests there may be a link between heavy drinking and the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] There is some evidence of a link between red meat and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.

• #1 Risks for pancreatic cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/pancreatic/risks

  People with chronic pancreatitis have an increased risk for pancreatic cancer. […] Having a family history of pancreatic cancer increases your risk of developing the disease. […] Having certain genetic conditions increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. […] There is some evidence that tall adults have an increased risk for pancreatic cancer. […] The following have been linked with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, but more research is needed to know for sure that they are risks: drinking alcohol, red meat and processed meat, a diet high in saturated fat, certain infections, including Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), contact with chemicals at work, including chemicals used in dry cleaning, plastic manufacturing and the aluminium industry, gum (periodontal) disease, A, B and AB blood types, cystic fibrosis (CF). […] Statins (drugs to lower fat and cholesterol levels in the blood) have been linked with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer, but there is not enough evidence to know for sure whether they lower the risk. […] Significant research shows no link between pancreatic cancer and drinking coffee.

• #1 Pancreatic cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pancreatic-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20355421

  Pancreatic cancer is cancer that forms in the cells of the pancreas. […] It’s not clear what causes pancreatic cancer. Doctors have found some factors that might raise the risk of this type of cancer. These include smoking and having a family history of pancreatic cancer. […] Factors that might raise the risk of pancreatic cancer include: Smoking. Type 2 diabetes. Chronic inflammation of the pancreas, called pancreatitis. Family history of DNA changes that can increase cancer risk. These include changes in the BRCA2 gene, Lynch syndrome and familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome. Family history of pancreatic cancer. Obesity. Older age. Most people with pancreatic cancer are over 65. Drinking a lot of alcohol. […] Most pancreatic cancer begins in the cells that line the ducts of the pancreas. This type of cancer is called pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma or pancreatic exocrine cancer. Less often, cancer can form in the hormone-producing cells or the neuroendocrine cells of the pancreas. These types of cancer are called pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors or pancreatic endocrine cancer.

• #1 Risk factors for pancreatic cancer – Pancreatic Cancer UK

  https://www.pancreaticcancer.org.uk/information/risk-factors-for-pancreatic-cancer/

  We dont fully understand exactly what causes pancreatic cancer, but we do know some risk factors. A risk factor is anything that increases your chances of getting a disease. […] A lot of the research about the risk factors for pancreatic cancer is unclear. Some studies may find that something increases the risk, while others may show that the same thing has no effect. And there may be other risk factors that researchers havent found yet. […] Its important to remember that having some of the risk factors does not mean you will definitely get pancreatic cancer. Remember too that people sometimes get pancreatic cancer even if they dont have any of the risk factors. […] There is good evidence that these things may increase your risk of pancreatic cancer: age, smoking, being overweight or obese, a family history of pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, diabetes.

• #1 Pancreatic Cancer Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/pancreatic-cancer/causes-pancreatic-cancer

  About 1 in 64 people will develop pancreatic cancer. This is the average risk. Any of these things can increase your risk: […] The more you smoke, the higher your risk. But 10 years after you quit, you have the same risk as someone who never smoked. […] Some studies have linked pancreatic cancer to a diet high in fat and meat (especially smoked or processed meat). In other research, people lowered their risk by eating a healthy diet with lots of fruits and vegetables. […] Your risk might be higher if you work in the metalworking or dry cleaning industries and have contact with a lot of chemicals.

• #1 Pancreatic Cancer: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/280605-overview

  The incidence of pancreatic cancer is lower in persons with a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables. […] Consumption of red meat, especially of the processed kinds, is associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. […] In patients recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, risk for pancreatic cancer is 5.4 fold above average. […] Long-standing, chronic pancreatitis is a substantial risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer. […] Approximately 5-10% of patients with pancreatic carcinoma have some genetic predisposition to developing the disease. […] The inherited disorders that increase the risk of pancreatic cancer include hereditary pancreatitis, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), hereditary nonpolyposis rectal cancer (HNPCC), familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Gardner syndrome, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL), germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. […] Black men in the United States have the highest incidence rate of pancreatic cancer.

• #1 RISK FACTORS – Pancreatic Cancer North America

  https://pancreaticcancerna.org/pancreatic-cancer/risk-factors/

  Pancreatic cancer is more common in people with diabetes, but the reason for this connection is not fully understood. […] About 10% to 20% of pancreatic cancers are hereditary or familial, which means they run in a family. […] The following genetic conditions are linked with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Chronic pancreatitis is long-term inflammation of the pancreas. People with this condition have a higher risk for pancreatic cancer. […] Drinking alcohol increases your risk for developing pancreatic cancer. […] Research suggests that people who are physically active on a regular basis may have a lower risk for pancreatic cancer. […] Several studies show a link between processed meats and a higher risk for pancreatic cancer. […] Studies show that exposure to some chemicals at work for more than 10 years increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer.

• #1 Pancreatic Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention – Pi Health Cancer Hospital

  https://www.pihealthcancerhospital.com/blog/pancreatic-cancer-symptoms-causes-risk-factors-and-prevention/

  Smoking is one of the most significant modifiable risk factors, doubling the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] While there is no surefire strategy to avoid pancreatic cancer, various lifestyle changes and preventive steps can dramatically lower the risk: […] Quitting smoking is one of the most effective strategies to minimize your chance of developing pancreatic cancer. […] Consuming fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while reducing red and processed meats can help reduce the risk. […] Engaging in regular physical activity and eating a balanced diet can help avoid obesity and lower the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Reducing alcohol consumption can reduce the incidence of chronic pancreatitis and, ultimately, pancreatic cancer. […] Regular medical check-ups and screening for those with a family history or other risk factors can help in early detection. […] Proper management of diabetes and chronic pancreatitis can reduce the risk of developing pancreatic cancer.

• #1 What Causes Pancreatic Cancer?: The Pancreas Center | Columbia University Department of Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/pancreas/what-causes-pancreatic-cancer

  People diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis have an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. […] Pancreatic cancer is two times more likely to occur in people who have diabetes than in people who do not have diabetes. […] Up to 15% of pancreatic cancer is related to a family history of the disease. The risk of developing pancreatic cancer increases by 2-3 times if a person’s mother, father, sibling, or child had pancreatic cancer.

• #2 Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer: Global Trends, Etiology and Risk Factors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6396775/

  Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. […] To date, the causes of pancreatic carcinoma are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dietary factors, alcohol abuse, age, ethnicity, family history and genetic factors, Helicobacter pylori infection, non-O blood group and chronic pancreatitis. […] Although the cause of pancreatic cancer is complex and multifactorial, cigarette smoking and family history are dominant. […] The etiology of pancreatic cancer has been extensively studied and is the subject of numerous meta-analyses and pooled analyses. Thus far, several risk factors have been identified and can be divided into two categories: modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.

• #2 Pancreatic cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer

  Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include tobacco smoking, obesity, diabetes, and certain rare genetic conditions. About 25% of cases are linked to smoking, and 5-10% are linked to inherited genes. […] The risk of developing pancreatic cancer is lower among non-smokers, and people who maintain a healthy weight and limit their consumption of red or processed meat; the risk is greater for men, smokers, and those with diabetes. […] Pancreatic cancer has been associated with these other rare hereditary syndromes: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome due to mutations in the STK11 tumor suppressor gene (very rare, but a very strong risk factor); dysplastic nevus syndrome (or familial atypical multiple mole and melanoma syndrome, FAMMM-PC) due to mutations in the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene; autosomal recessive ATM and autosomal dominantly inherited mutations in the BRCA2 and PALB2 genes; hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (Lynch syndrome); and familial adenomatous polyposis.

• #2 Causes – Lustgarten Foundation: Pancreatic Cancer Research

  https://lustgarten.org/living-with-pancreatic-cancer/understanding/what-is-pancreatic-cancer/causes/

  Inherited mutations in known cancer-causing genes such as BRCA2, BRCA1, PALB2, p16/CDKN2A, ATM, STK11, PRSS1, SPINK1 and in one of the DNA mismatch repair (DNA is not properly repaired) genes have been shown to increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. […] It is estimated 10% of pancreatic cancer is familial. […] People who have the breast cancer 2 gene (BRCA2) mutation have an increased risk of several cancers, among them pancreatic. […] People with this rare syndrome have mutations in the STK11/LKB1 gene. […] About 30% to 40% of people with hereditary pancreatitis will develop pancreatic cancer by age 70, and the risk is especially high among patients with hereditary pancreatitis who also smoke cigarettes. […] People with HNPCC have a higher-than-normal chance of developing colon, pancreatic, uterine, stomach, or ovarian cancer.

• #2 Causes of Pancreatic Cancer

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/pancreatic-cancer/causes/

  Family History: Pancreatic cancer can run in families, most likely because of shared genetic mutations. […] Chronic Pancreatitis: This painful inflammation of the pancreas, which can be brought on by alcohol abuse, has been linked to pancreatic cancer. […] Rare Inherited Conditions: These include hereditary pancreatitis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, familial malignant melanoma and pancreatic cancer, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, and Lynch syndrome. […] Workplace Chemicals: The American Cancer Society singles out chemicals related to dry cleaning and metal working as particularly hazardous. […] Bacteria: A common bacterium called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes inflammation and ulcers in the stomach and can also, to a lesser extent, raise pancreatic-cancer risk. […] Hepatitis B Infection: There is some evidence linking the virus to pancreatic cancer, although more research is needed. […] Cirrhosis: This condition, which is often caused by alcohol abuse, develops when damage to liver cells leads to scar tissue.

• #2 Pancreatic Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Prognosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pancreatic-cancer

  Family history. Up to 10 percent of people with pancreatic cancer have a family history of the condition. […] Infections. Having a history of H. pylori infection in your digestive tract may increase your risk, though the exact link to pancreatic cancer isnt clear. Having hepatitis B may also increase your risk by up to 24 percent. […] Certain genetic variations and mutations can cause conditions that may also increase your risk of pancreatic cancer. Some of these conditions include: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Lynch syndrome, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome, inherited pancreatitis, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome.

• #2 Pancreatic Cancer: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/280605-overview

  The incidence of pancreatic cancer is lower in persons with a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables. […] Consumption of red meat, especially of the processed kinds, is associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. […] In patients recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, risk for pancreatic cancer is 5.4 fold above average. […] Long-standing, chronic pancreatitis is a substantial risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer. […] Approximately 5-10% of patients with pancreatic carcinoma have some genetic predisposition to developing the disease. […] The inherited disorders that increase the risk of pancreatic cancer include hereditary pancreatitis, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), hereditary nonpolyposis rectal cancer (HNPCC), familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Gardner syndrome, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL), germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. […] Black men in the United States have the highest incidence rate of pancreatic cancer.

• #2 Pancreatic Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518996/

  Pancreatic cancer refers to the carcinoma arising from the pancreatic duct cells, pancreatic ductal carcinoma. This is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. […] Pancreatic cancer refers to the carcinoma arising from the pancreatic duct cells, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, and is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. […] Ten percent have a genetic cause such as genetic mutations or association with syndromes such as Lynch syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, and MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1). Possible risk factors include heavy alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, physical inactivity, high red meat consumption, and 2 or more soft drinks per day. […] Smoking (20% of pancreatic cancers are caused by smoking)

• #2 Pancreatic Cancer Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/pancreatic-cancer/causes-pancreatic-cancer

  Pancreatic cancer happens when DNA in a cell in your pancreas is damaged. A single cancer cell grows and divides rapidly, becoming a tumor that doesnt go along with your bodys usual boundaries. Without treatment, cells from the tumor spread through your blood or lymph system. […] No one knows exactly how the cell DNA is damaged. When doctors remove pancreatic cancers and analyze them, they usually find certain changes in genes called mutations. Other times, the mutations vary between people. […] Your parents can pass along mutations that make you more likely to get pancreatic cancer. Doctors have linked the condition to the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes as well as genes that cause colorectal cancer and other health problems. These mutations cause up to 10% of pancreatic cancer cases. […] Many gene changes happen after youre born. Sometimes, they change because you come into contact with chemicals like those in tobacco smoke. Other mutations happen at random as your cells copy your DNA and divide.

• #2 Pancreatic Cancer: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/280605-overview

  Tobacco smoking is the most common recognized risk factor for pancreatic cancer. […] Other factors include the following: obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, family history of pancreatic cancer, hereditary syndromes, lifestyle factors. […] Less than 5% of all pancreatic cancers are related to underlying chronic pancreatitis. […] Whether hepatitis B infection is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer has been controversial. However, more recent data support a link between the two diseases. […] Smoking is the most common environmental risk factor for pancreatic carcinoma. Estimates indicate that smoking accounts for up to 30% of cases of pancreatic cancer. […] People who smoke have at least a 2-fold greater risk for pancreatic cancer than do nonsmokers. […] In a number of studies, obesity, especially central, has been associated with a higher incidence of pancreatic cancer.

• #2 Pancreatic Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Prognosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pancreatic-cancer

  Weight. Having overweight or obesity, particularly in early adulthood, may increase your risk. […] Diet. Eating a diet high in red and processed meats, fried foods, sugar, or cholesterol may increase your risk, but experts are still figuring out the exact link between dietary factors and pancreatic cancer risk. […] Sex. Men are slightly more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than women. […] Workplace exposure. Working with certain chemicals, particularly those used in metalworking, and pesticides may be a factor in up to 12 percent of pancreatic cancer cases. […] Age. People between the ages of 65 and 74 are more likely to be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. […] Diabetes. You may have a higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer if you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. […] Race. In the United States, rates of pancreatic cancer are highest among Black people. Research from 2018 suggests this is due to a mix of lifestyle, socioeconomic, and genetic factors, but experts note a need for more investigation into the underlying causes of racial disparities in rates of pancreatic cancer.

• #2 Pancreatic cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer

  Chronic pancreatitis appears to almost triple risk, and as with diabetes, new-onset pancreatitis may be a symptom of a tumor. The risk of pancreatic cancer in individuals with familial pancreatitis is particularly high. […] Specific types of food (as distinct from obesity) have not been clearly shown to increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. Dietary factors for which some evidence shows slightly increased risk include processed meat, red meat, and meat cooked at very high temperatures (e.g. by frying, broiling, or grilling).

• #2 Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer: Global Trends, Etiology and Risk Factors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6396775/

  Modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol, obesity, dietary factors and exposure to toxic substances. […] The International Agency for Research on Cancer has confirmed that smoking is causally associated with pancreatic cancer. […] The risk of pancreatic cancer associated with smoking remains elevated after allowing for potential confounding factors such as alcohol consumption. […] Based on many studies, the risk of pancreatic cancer is undoubtedly increased by high alcohol consumption (more than three drinks per day), whereas there was no association found with low-to-moderate alcohol intake. […] Obesity is associated with increased risk for several types of cancer including pancreatic cancer. […] It seems reasonable that diet would affect the risk of different digestive diseases and cancers, including those of the pancreas.

• #2 Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer: Global Trends, Etiology and Risk Factors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6396775/

  The etiological fraction of pancreatic cancer due to occupational exposures (involving exposure to metalworking and pesticides) within a population was estimated at 12%. […] Risk factors that are not modifiable include gender, age, ethnicity, diabetes mellitus, family history of pancreatic cancer, genetic factors, chronic infections, non-O blood group and chronic pancreatitis. […] Pancreatic cancer is more common in men than in women. […] The positive association between both types I and II diabetes and the risk of pancreatic cancer has been reported in numerous studies. […] It is estimated that about 5-10% of individuals with pancreatic cancers report a family history of pancreatic cancer. […] Genetic variation or mutation (Germ-line mutation) plays an important role in increased risk of pancreatic cancer.

• #2 Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer: Global Trends, Etiology and Risk Factors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6396775/

  Gastric colonization with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is also associated with greater risk of pancreatic cancer, with an estimated population attributable fraction of 4-25%. […] The antigens of the ABO system are expressed on red blood cell membranes as well as on the surface of several other normal and pathological cells and tissues. […] Following the first clinical observations more than 60 years ago, the role of ABO blood group in cancer biology has been intensely studied by several investigators, and it is now widely recognized that ABO antigens are associated with the risk of developing several types of cancers, including pancreatic. […] In recent decades, accumulating evidence has defined that longstanding pre-existing chronic pancreatitis as a strong risk factor for pancreatic cancer.

• #2

• #2 Pancreas Cancer Causes | Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative

  https://www.pancreaticcancer.net.au/patients-pancreatic-cancer/causes/

  The incidence of developing pancreatic cancer increases dramatically with age. […] Diets with a high intake of meat and/or saturated fat, and a reduced intake of fruits and vegetables can increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Those who are frequently exposed to certain pesticides and petroleum products may have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Patients who have chronic pancreatitis are 5 times more likely to develop pancreatic cancer. […] There is a long-standing association with Diabetes Mellitus and an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. […] There appears to be an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer in those who have had certain types of surgery, such as a gastrectomy (portion of stomach removed) to treat stomach ulcers for example, or those who have had a cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal).

• #2 Pancreatic cancer | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/pancreatic-cancer/

  Pancreatic cancer is caused by the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells in the pancreas a large gland thats part of the digestive system. […] Its not fully understood what causes pancreatic cancer, but a number of risk factors for developing the condition have been identified. […] Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include: age it mainly affects people who are 50 to 80 years of age, smoking around 1 in 3 cases is associated with using cigarettes, cigars or chewing tobacco, having a history of certain health conditions such as diabetes, chronic pancreatitis (long-term inflammation of the pancreas), stomach ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection (a stomach infection). […] In about 1 in 10 cases, pancreatic cancer is inherited from a persons parents. Certain genes also increase your chances of getting pancreatitis, which in turn increases your risk of developing cancer of the pancreas.

• #2 Pancreatic cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/pancreatic-cancer/

  Pancreatic cancer develops when a change in the cells of the pancreas causes them to grow uncontrollably. Most pancreatic cancers start in exocrine cells. […] There are many different things that affect your risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Living with overweight or obesity increases the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] The risk of developing pancreatic cancer is higher in smokers. About 25 per cent (a quarter) of pancreatic cancer cases are caused by smoking. […] A family history increases the risk of pancreatic cancer, particularly if more than 1 family member has developed this cancer. However, more than 90% of cases are not related to family history. […] Some medical conditions, such as diabetes, can increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Being tall increases the risk of pancreatic cancer.

• #2 Pancreatic cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer

  Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass. These cancerous cells have the ability to invade other parts of the body. A number of types of pancreatic cancer are known. The most common, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, accounts for about 90% of cases, and the term „pancreatic cancer” is sometimes used to refer only to that type. These adenocarcinomas start within the part of the pancreas that makes digestive enzymes. Several other types of cancer, which collectively represent the majority of the non-adenocarcinomas, can also arise from these cells. […] About 12% of cases of pancreatic cancer are neuroendocrine tumors, which arise from the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas. These are generally less aggressive than pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

• #2 Pancreatic cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Complications & Prevention PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/pancreatic-cancer-symptoms-causes-complications-and-prevention

  Pancreatic cancer causes are unclear. Doctors have identified several risk factors for pancreatic cancer, including smoking and inheriting particular gene abnormalities. […] Pancreatic cancer occurs when the DNA of pancreatic cells is mutated (altered). The DNA of a cell includes the instructions that tell it what to do. These mutations instruct the cells to proliferate uncontrollably and survive after normal cells would have died. […] Smoking is the most prevalent environmental risk factor for pancreatic cancer. According to estimates, smoking is responsible for up to 30% of pancreatic cancer incidences. […] Approximately 5-10% of patients with pancreatic carcinoma have some genetic predisposition to developing the disease. […] Chronic, long-lasting pancreatitis is a significant risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer (so much as a 26-fold increased risk of pancreatic cancer). […] Pancreatic cancer can cause digestive difficulties such as weight loss, a poor appetite, and diarrhoea, due to the wrapping of a pancreatic tumour on the small intestine or stomach blocking the digestive tract.

• #2 What Is the #1 Cause of Pancreatic Cancer? Causes & Risks

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_is_the_cause_of_pancreatic_cancer/article_em.htm

  Pancreatic cancer causes are complex and may have a genetic component, but researchers agree that smoking and obesity are the top identifiable external causes for pancreatic cancer. […] Pancreatic cancer is thought to be caused by genetic mutations but the exact cause for these gene changes is unknown. […] One of the most common causes of pancreatic cancer is tobacco use/smoking. […] About 25% of pancreatic cancers are thought to be caused by cigarette smoking. […] The risk of developing pancreatic cancer is two to three times higher than in non-smokers. […] People with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more are about 20% more likely to develop pancreatic cancer. […] African Americans are slightly more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than whites, Asians, or Hispanics. […] People of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage are more likely to develop pancreatic cancer.

• #2 Risks for pancreatic cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/pancreatic/risks

  Some of the things that increase the risk for pancreatic cancer may also cause precancerous conditions. […] If you have a genetic condition that increases your risk for pancreatic cancer, you may need to visit your doctor more often. […] Several things could increase your risk for pancreatic cancer. Some of these risks can’t be changed. But in some cases, there are things you can do to lower your risk. […] The following can increase your risk of pancreatic cancer: Smoking tobacco, Excess weight, Diabetes, Chronic pancreatitis, Family history of pancreatic cancer, Certain genetic conditions, Tall adult height. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for pancreatic cancer. […] Overweight and obesity increase the risk for pancreatic cancer. […] People with diabetes have an increased risk for pancreatic cancer.

• #2 What Causes Pancreatic Cancer?: The Pancreas Center | Columbia University Department of Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/pancreas/what-causes-pancreatic-cancer

  People diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis have an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. […] Pancreatic cancer is two times more likely to occur in people who have diabetes than in people who do not have diabetes. […] Up to 15% of pancreatic cancer is related to a family history of the disease. The risk of developing pancreatic cancer increases by 2-3 times if a person’s mother, father, sibling, or child had pancreatic cancer.

• #2 Pancreas Cancer Causes | Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative

  https://www.pancreaticcancer.net.au/patients-pancreatic-cancer/causes/

  The majority of pancreatic cancers occur by chance, however 5-10% of pancreatic cancers are inherited. […] Genetic mutations can be passed down through families, causing some individuals to be born with an increased susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. […] Mutations in the BRCA2 gene are generally associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. However, BRCA2 mutations may also account for 6-16% of hereditary pancreatic cancer cases. […] This syndrome is caused by mutations in the STK11 gene. […] Hereditary pancreatitis is rare and can be caused by mutations in the PRSS1 or SPINK1 gene. […] FAMMM is caused by mutations in the CDKN2A gene, and affected individuals tend to develop a large number of skin moles and melanomas at young ages. […] Lynch syndrome is an inherited predisposition to developing bowel cancer, due to mismatch repair gene mutations (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2). […] FAP is a result of mutations in the APC gene and is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. […] 5-10% of pancreatic cancers can be the result of inherited changes.

• #2 Pancreatic Cancer Causes, Risk Factors & Screening

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/pancreatic-cancer/risk-factors

  A Western diet heavy in processed meat, saturated fats and sugary drinks may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, according to ACS. […] Data regarding alcohol consumption and its association with pancreatic cancer development have been conflicting. […] Infections involving the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria or the hepatitis B and C viruses have been studied as potential risk factors for pancreatic cancer. […] Compared with blood group O, those with blood groups A, AB or B were more likely to develop pancreatic cancer.

• #2 About Pancreatic Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, and Assessing your Risk | Fox Chase Cancer Center – Philadelphia PA

  https://www.foxchase.org/clinical-care/conditions/pancreatic-cancer/about

  Roughly 90 percent of pancreatic cancers are ductal adenocarcinoma, which starts in the exocrine cells that line the ducts of the pancreas. […] In most cases of cancer, researchers haven’t yet identified the exact reason behind the abnormal cell division process. However, chronic inflammation can lead to pancreatic cancer development, and the chances of developing pancreatic cancer may increase with the following risk factors: Smoking, Obesity, Contact with certain chemicals, such as pesticides or asbestos, Poor diet, Diabetes, Chronic pancreatitis (chronic inflammation in the pancreas), History of pancreatic, breast, or ovarian cancers in close blood relatives; familial pancreatic cancers are genetically predisposed. […] Having any of these risk factors does not mean you will develop pancreatic cancer. Some people with pancreatic cancer have none of these risk factors.

• #2 Pancreatic Cancer Causes, Risk Factors & Screening

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/pancreatic-cancer/risk-factors

  While the causes of pancreatic cancer are largely unknown at this time, cancer is a disease that’s caused by DNA mutations. […] Studies have identified many risk factors that may lead to these mutations and the development of pancreatic cancer. […] Pancreatic cancer risk factors include some that cant be changed, such as having a family history of pancreatic cancer, being a man and getting older. […] Smoking is one of the major risk factors associated with pancreatic cancer. […] A large Dutch study published in 2010 in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers Prevention found that quitting smoking gradually reduces the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Being overweight and having little physical activity are also risk factors for pancreatic cancer. […] Diabetes has been studied extensively in relation to pancreatic cancer.

• #2 Pancreatic Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention – Pi Health Cancer Hospital

  https://www.pihealthcancerhospital.com/blog/pancreatic-cancer-symptoms-causes-risk-factors-and-prevention/

  Smoking is one of the most significant modifiable risk factors, doubling the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] While there is no surefire strategy to avoid pancreatic cancer, various lifestyle changes and preventive steps can dramatically lower the risk: […] Quitting smoking is one of the most effective strategies to minimize your chance of developing pancreatic cancer. […] Consuming fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while reducing red and processed meats can help reduce the risk. […] Engaging in regular physical activity and eating a balanced diet can help avoid obesity and lower the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Reducing alcohol consumption can reduce the incidence of chronic pancreatitis and, ultimately, pancreatic cancer. […] Regular medical check-ups and screening for those with a family history or other risk factors can help in early detection. […] Proper management of diabetes and chronic pancreatitis can reduce the risk of developing pancreatic cancer.

• #2 Pancreatic cancer (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/pancreatic-exocrine-tumours

  Pancreatic cancer is a much feared disease due to its notoriously late presentation, early metastases and poor survival rates. […] The main risk factors are smoking, diet (high BMI, red meat intake, low fruit and vegetables intake), diabetes and alcohol intake. […] Chronic and hereditary pancreatitis: chronic pancreatitis is associated with a 5- to 15-fold increase in risk and hereditary pancreatitis with a 50- to 70-fold increase. […] All patients at increased risk of inherited pancreatic cancer should be referred to a specialist centre for clinical advice and genetic counselling with appropriate genetic testing. 5-10% of pancreatic cancers are due to genetic alteration. […] Reducing tobacco consumption is likely to reduce cases of pancreatic cancer. […] Physical activity, high fruit and vegetable intake, and avoiding central obesity may have a protective effect. […] Secondary screening has been recommended for high-risk patients (chronic pancreatitis, hereditary pancreatitis, familial pancreatic cancer, ovarian and breast cancer familial syndrome and familial multiple mole melanoma syndrome).

• #3 Pancreatic cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer

  Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass. These cancerous cells have the ability to invade other parts of the body. A number of types of pancreatic cancer are known. The most common, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, accounts for about 90% of cases, and the term „pancreatic cancer” is sometimes used to refer only to that type. These adenocarcinomas start within the part of the pancreas that makes digestive enzymes. Several other types of cancer, which collectively represent the majority of the non-adenocarcinomas, can also arise from these cells. […] About 12% of cases of pancreatic cancer are neuroendocrine tumors, which arise from the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas. These are generally less aggressive than pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

• #3 Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer: Global Trends, Etiology and Risk Factors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6396775/

  The etiological fraction of pancreatic cancer due to occupational exposures (involving exposure to metalworking and pesticides) within a population was estimated at 12%. […] Risk factors that are not modifiable include gender, age, ethnicity, diabetes mellitus, family history of pancreatic cancer, genetic factors, chronic infections, non-O blood group and chronic pancreatitis. […] Pancreatic cancer is more common in men than in women. […] The positive association between both types I and II diabetes and the risk of pancreatic cancer has been reported in numerous studies. […] It is estimated that about 5-10% of individuals with pancreatic cancers report a family history of pancreatic cancer. […] Genetic variation or mutation (Germ-line mutation) plays an important role in increased risk of pancreatic cancer.

• #3 What Is the #1 Cause of Pancreatic Cancer? Causes & Risks

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_is_the_cause_of_pancreatic_cancer/article_em.htm

  Pancreatic cancer causes are complex and may have a genetic component, but researchers agree that smoking and obesity are the top identifiable external causes for pancreatic cancer. […] Pancreatic cancer is thought to be caused by genetic mutations but the exact cause for these gene changes is unknown. […] One of the most common causes of pancreatic cancer is tobacco use/smoking. […] About 25% of pancreatic cancers are thought to be caused by cigarette smoking. […] The risk of developing pancreatic cancer is two to three times higher than in non-smokers. […] People with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more are about 20% more likely to develop pancreatic cancer. […] African Americans are slightly more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than whites, Asians, or Hispanics. […] People of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage are more likely to develop pancreatic cancer.

• #3 Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer: Global Trends, Etiology and Risk Factors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6396775/

  Modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol, obesity, dietary factors and exposure to toxic substances. […] The International Agency for Research on Cancer has confirmed that smoking is causally associated with pancreatic cancer. […] The risk of pancreatic cancer associated with smoking remains elevated after allowing for potential confounding factors such as alcohol consumption. […] Based on many studies, the risk of pancreatic cancer is undoubtedly increased by high alcohol consumption (more than three drinks per day), whereas there was no association found with low-to-moderate alcohol intake. […] Obesity is associated with increased risk for several types of cancer including pancreatic cancer. […] It seems reasonable that diet would affect the risk of different digestive diseases and cancers, including those of the pancreas.

• #3 Risks for pancreatic cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/pancreatic/risks

  People with chronic pancreatitis have an increased risk for pancreatic cancer. […] Having a family history of pancreatic cancer increases your risk of developing the disease. […] Having certain genetic conditions increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. […] There is some evidence that tall adults have an increased risk for pancreatic cancer. […] The following have been linked with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, but more research is needed to know for sure that they are risks: drinking alcohol, red meat and processed meat, a diet high in saturated fat, certain infections, including Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), contact with chemicals at work, including chemicals used in dry cleaning, plastic manufacturing and the aluminium industry, gum (periodontal) disease, A, B and AB blood types, cystic fibrosis (CF). […] Statins (drugs to lower fat and cholesterol levels in the blood) have been linked with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer, but there is not enough evidence to know for sure whether they lower the risk. […] Significant research shows no link between pancreatic cancer and drinking coffee.

• #3 Causes and risk factors of pancreatic cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/pancreatic-cancer/causes-and-risk-factors-of-pancreatic-cancer

  Drinking a lot of alcohol regularly may increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. The risk is even higher for people who also smoke. […] Some studies have found that being very overweight (obese) and being physically inactive may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. […] Pancreatic cancer is slightly more common in people who have had cancer before. […] Most people with pancreatic cancer have no history of pancreatic cancer in their family. But about 1 in 10 pancreatic cancers (10%) may be linked to faulty genes that run in families. […] Some other conditions can increase your risk of pancreatic cancer. […] People who have a condition called chronic pancreatitis are more likely to develop pancreatic cancer. […] Diabetes is linked to cancer of the pancreas. But it is not clear whether diabetes causes the cancer, or whether it is an early symptom. […] Some infections have been linked to a higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer. But the evidence supporting these links is weak.

• #3 Pancreatic Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Prognosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/pancreatic-cancer

  Weight. Having overweight or obesity, particularly in early adulthood, may increase your risk. […] Diet. Eating a diet high in red and processed meats, fried foods, sugar, or cholesterol may increase your risk, but experts are still figuring out the exact link between dietary factors and pancreatic cancer risk. […] Sex. Men are slightly more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than women. […] Workplace exposure. Working with certain chemicals, particularly those used in metalworking, and pesticides may be a factor in up to 12 percent of pancreatic cancer cases. […] Age. People between the ages of 65 and 74 are more likely to be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. […] Diabetes. You may have a higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer if you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. […] Race. In the United States, rates of pancreatic cancer are highest among Black people. Research from 2018 suggests this is due to a mix of lifestyle, socioeconomic, and genetic factors, but experts note a need for more investigation into the underlying causes of racial disparities in rates of pancreatic cancer.

• #3 Risks for pancreatic cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/pancreatic/risks

  Some of the things that increase the risk for pancreatic cancer may also cause precancerous conditions. […] If you have a genetic condition that increases your risk for pancreatic cancer, you may need to visit your doctor more often. […] Several things could increase your risk for pancreatic cancer. Some of these risks can’t be changed. But in some cases, there are things you can do to lower your risk. […] The following can increase your risk of pancreatic cancer: Smoking tobacco, Excess weight, Diabetes, Chronic pancreatitis, Family history of pancreatic cancer, Certain genetic conditions, Tall adult height. […] Smoking tobacco increases your risk for pancreatic cancer. […] Overweight and obesity increase the risk for pancreatic cancer. […] People with diabetes have an increased risk for pancreatic cancer.

• #3 Pancreatic cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Complications & Prevention PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/pancreatic-cancer-symptoms-causes-complications-and-prevention

  Pancreatic cancer causes are unclear. Doctors have identified several risk factors for pancreatic cancer, including smoking and inheriting particular gene abnormalities. […] Pancreatic cancer occurs when the DNA of pancreatic cells is mutated (altered). The DNA of a cell includes the instructions that tell it what to do. These mutations instruct the cells to proliferate uncontrollably and survive after normal cells would have died. […] Smoking is the most prevalent environmental risk factor for pancreatic cancer. According to estimates, smoking is responsible for up to 30% of pancreatic cancer incidences. […] Approximately 5-10% of patients with pancreatic carcinoma have some genetic predisposition to developing the disease. […] Chronic, long-lasting pancreatitis is a significant risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer (so much as a 26-fold increased risk of pancreatic cancer). […] Pancreatic cancer can cause digestive difficulties such as weight loss, a poor appetite, and diarrhoea, due to the wrapping of a pancreatic tumour on the small intestine or stomach blocking the digestive tract.

• #3 Pancreatic Cancer: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/280605-overview

  Tobacco smoking is the most common recognized risk factor for pancreatic cancer. […] Other factors include the following: obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, family history of pancreatic cancer, hereditary syndromes, lifestyle factors. […] Less than 5% of all pancreatic cancers are related to underlying chronic pancreatitis. […] Whether hepatitis B infection is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer has been controversial. However, more recent data support a link between the two diseases. […] Smoking is the most common environmental risk factor for pancreatic carcinoma. Estimates indicate that smoking accounts for up to 30% of cases of pancreatic cancer. […] People who smoke have at least a 2-fold greater risk for pancreatic cancer than do nonsmokers. […] In a number of studies, obesity, especially central, has been associated with a higher incidence of pancreatic cancer.

• #3 Pancreatic Cancer Causes, Risk Factors & Screening

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/pancreatic-cancer/risk-factors

  A Western diet heavy in processed meat, saturated fats and sugary drinks may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, according to ACS. […] Data regarding alcohol consumption and its association with pancreatic cancer development have been conflicting. […] Infections involving the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria or the hepatitis B and C viruses have been studied as potential risk factors for pancreatic cancer. […] Compared with blood group O, those with blood groups A, AB or B were more likely to develop pancreatic cancer.

• #3 Risks for pancreatic cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/pancreatic/risks

  Some things can affect your risk, or chance, of developing cancer. Certain behaviours, substances or conditions can increase or decrease the risk. Most cancers are the result of many risks. But sometimes cancer develops in people who don’t have any risks. […] This information is about risks for a type of pancreatic cancer called pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). […] The risk of developing pancreatic cancer increases with age. It usually occurs in people 50 years of age and older. Men develop pancreatic cancer more often than women, though more research is needed to determine why. […] Pancreatic cancer rates are higher in certain countries and ethnic groups. In North America, Black people (including people of African or Caribbean ancestry) develop pancreatic cancer more often. Similar to sex, it is unclear what causes this difference.

• #3 What Causes Pancreatic Cancer?: The Pancreas Center | Columbia University Department of Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/pancreas/what-causes-pancreatic-cancer

  The causes of pancreatic cancer are not fully understood. However, certain personal, environmental, health, and inherited risk factors have been identified that increase the chances of a person developing the disease. […] The risk of developing pancreatic cancer increases after age 50. Most patients are between the ages of 60 and 80 at the time of diagnosis. […] There is higher incidence of pancreatic cancer in Ashkenazi Jews, probably due to common genetic mutations present in at least 1% of individuals of this background. African Americans are also more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than are Asians, Hispanics, and Caucasians. […] About 30% of pancreatic cancer cases are thought to be a direct result of cigarette smoking. People who smoke cigarettes are twice as likely to develop pancreatic cancer as people who do not smoke cigarettes.

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