Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Lung Cancer Prevention – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq

  Lung Cancer Prevention […] Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent lung cancer. […] The following are risk factors for lung cancer: Cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking, Secondhand smoke, Family history, HIV infection, Environmental risk factors, Beta carotene supplements in heavy smokers. […] The following are protective factors for lung cancer: Not smoking, Quitting smoking, Lower exposure to workplace risk factors, Lower exposure to radon. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent lung cancer are being studied in clinical trials. […] The best way to prevent lung cancer is to not smoke. […] Smokers can decrease their risk of lung cancer by quitting. […] Lowering radon levels may lower the risk of lung cancer, especially among cigarette smokers. […] Laws that protect workers from being exposed to cancer-causing substances, such as asbestos, arsenic, nickel, and chromium, may help lower their risk of developing lung cancer.

• #2 Reducing Risk for Lung Cancer | Lung Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/prevention/index.html

  The most important thing you can do to prevent lung cancer is to not start smoking, or, if you smoke, to quit. […] Don’t smoke. Cigarette smoking causes about 80% to 90% of lung cancer deaths in the United States. The most important thing you can do to prevent lung cancer is to not start smoking, or, if you smoke, to quit. […] Avoid secondhand smoke. Smoke from other people’s cigarettes, cigars, or pipes is called secondhand smoke. Make your home and car smoke-free. […] Reduce radon in your home if needed. Get your home tested for radon and take steps to reduce the radon level if it is high. […] Be careful at work. Follow health and safety guidelines to avoid carcinogens (things that can cause cancer).

• #3 Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66063/

  Lung cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer. By preventing cancer, the number of new cases of cancer in a group or population is lowered. Hopefully, this will lower the number of deaths caused by cancer. […] Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent lung cancer. […] The following are risk factors for lung cancer: Cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking, Secondhand smoke, Family history, HIV infection, Environmental risk factors, Beta carotene supplements in heavy smokers. […] The following are protective factors for lung cancer: Not smoking, Quitting smoking, Lower exposure to workplace risk factors, Lower exposure to radon. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent lung cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #4 Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/lung-prevention-pdq

  Lung cancer risk is largely a function of older age combined with extensive cigarette smoking history. […] Based on solid evidence, cigarette smoking causes lung cancer. The risks of lung cancer associated with cigarette smoking are dose-dependent and increase markedly according to the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years smoked. On average, current smokers have approximately 20 times the risk of lung cancer as nonsmokers. […] Based on solid evidence, exposure to secondhand smoke is an established cause of lung cancer. […] Based on solid evidence, workplace exposure to asbestos, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and nickel increases lung cancer incidence and mortality. […] Based on solid evidence, cigarette smoking causes lung cancer and therefore, smoking avoidance results in decreased mortality from primary lung cancers.

• #5 Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.lung-cancer-prevention-pdq%C2%AE-prevention-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000062824

  Cigarette smoking is the most important contributor to the lung cancer burden because of its high prevalence of use and because cigarette smokers tend to smoke frequently, but cigar and pipe smoking have also been associated independently in case-control and cohort studies with increased lung cancer risk. […] Based on solid evidence, cigarette smoking causes lung cancer. The risks of lung cancer associated with cigarette smoking are dose-dependent and increase markedly according to the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years smoked. On average, current smokers have approximately 20 times the risk of lung cancer compared with nonsmokers. […] Based on solid evidence, exposure to secondhand smoke is an established cause of lung cancer. […] Based on solid evidence, exposure to radiation increases lung cancer incidence and mortality. Cigarette smoking greatly potentiates this effect.

• #5 Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.lung-cancer-prevention-pdq%C2%AE-prevention-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000062824

  Based on solid evidence, workplace exposure to asbestos, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and nickel increases lung cancer incidence and mortality. […] Based on solid evidence, exposure to outdoor air pollution, specifically small particles, increases lung cancer incidence and mortality. […] Based on solid evidence, cigarette smoking causes lung cancer and therefore, smoking avoidance results in decreased mortality from primary lung cancers. […] Based on solid evidence, long-term sustained smoking cessation results in decreased incidence of lung cancer and of second primary lung tumors. […] Based on solid evidence, exposure to secondhand smoke causes lung cancer and therefore, preventing exposure to secondhand smoke results in decreased incidence and mortality from primary lung cancers.

• #6 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  http://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics/print

  Smokers who quit for more than 15 years have an 80 to 90 percent reduction in their risk of lung cancer compared with people who continue to smoke. […] If you live in an area with high levels of environmental radon, it is important to test for radon in your home; you can buy a kit to test for the presence of radon in your home. […] Screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan has been shown to decrease the risk of death from lung cancer in people over age 55 years who are heavy smokers or have a long history of smoking. […] The main benefit of screening is that it increases the chances of detecting lung cancer early when it is generally easier to treat and may be curable. This can lower your chances of dying from lung cancer. […] Yes – you can quit smoking. Over time, your risk of lung cancer will go down.

• #7 Lung cancer prevention: tips to reduce your risk | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/health-hub/specialties/cancer/lung-cancer-prevention-tips-to-reduce-your-risk/

  Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death in the UK. Most cases are caused by external risk factors, such as smoking, air pollution or exposure to airborne substances such as asbestos particles. […] The most significant factors are external and can be avoided. These include smoking tobacco and exposure to certain airborne substances and radon gas. […] Tobacco smoke has more than 60 carcinogenic (cancer-causing) substances in it and its by far the biggest cause of lung cancer. […] Stopping smoking is the best thing you can do to reduce your risk of getting lung cancer. After stopping, your risk gradually drops over time. After 12 years, you’re 70% less likely to get lung cancer than a smoker. After 15 years, your risk will be about the same as a non-smoker. […] Even if you don’t smoke, other people’s smoke can increase your risk of getting lung cancer.

• #8

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lung-cancer/prevention/

  If you smoke, the best way to prevent lung cancer and other serious conditions is to stop smoking as soon as possible. […] Every year you do not smoke decreases your risk of getting serious illnesses, such as lung cancer. […] After 12 years of not smoking, your chance of developing lung cancer falls to more than half that of someone who smokes. […] Research suggests that eating a low-fat, high-fibre diet, including at least 5 portions a day of fresh fruit and vegetables and plenty of wholegrains, can reduce your risk of lung cancer, as well as other types of cancer and heart disease. […] There’s some evidence to show that regular exercise may lower the risk of getting lung cancer, particularly in people who smoke or used to smoke.

• #9 Reducing your risk of lung cancer – Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center Blog

  https://cancerblog.mayoclinic.org/2023/11/15/reducing-your-risk-of-lung-cancer/

  Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S., accounting for about 1 in 5 of all cancer deaths, according to the American Cancer Society. […] A number of factors may increase your risk of lung cancer. Some risk factors can be controlled, for instance, by quitting smoking. […] Quitting at any age can significantly lower your risk of developing lung cancer. […] There’s no sure way to prevent lung cancer, but you can reduce your risk if you: […] Don’t smoke. If you’ve never smoked, don’t start. […] Stop smoking now. Quitting reduces your risk of lung cancer, even if you’ve smoked for years. […] If you quit smoking, even after smoking for many years, you can significantly reduce your chances of developing lung cancer. […] Avoid secondhand smoke. If you live or work with a smoker, urge them to quit.

• #10 Lung Cancer Awareness and Prevention | Lung Cancer | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/lung-cancer/lung-cancer-awareness-and-prevention/

  Lung cancer is often diagnosed in the late stages of the disease, largely because there are few or no symptoms in the early stages. Having an awareness of the risks and reducing them, plus early detection, can change a persons outcome. […] The most common cause of lung cancer is cigarette smoking, which is linked to 80 to 90 percent of lung cancer cases. People who quit smoking have a lower risk of lung cancer than if they had continued to smoke, but their risk is higher than the risk for people who never smoked. Quitting smoking at any age can lower the risk of lung cancer. […] UT Southwestern offers a nicotine cessation program to help anyone quit smoking or stop using other nicotine products. Our program offers a supportive, non-judgmental environment that can help people overcome nicotine addiction.

• #11 Lung Cancer Prevention and Detection | Memorial Hermann

  http://memorialhermann.org/ar-sa/services/conditions/lung-cancer/lung-cancer-prevention-and-detection

  Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. It is the most common cancer in men and women combined after skin cancer. […] More than 222,500 people get diagnosed with lung cancer every year. […] Tobacco use, including smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipes, now or in the past. […] 90% of lung cancer patients are current or former smokers. […] Second-hand smoke exposure increases chances of developing lung cancer by 20 to 30%. […] Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) is an effective tool in screening for lung cancer and should be done before there are any symptoms. The goal of an LDCT lung screening is to save lives. […] Screening with low-dose CT has been shown in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) to reduce by 20% the risk of death from lung cancer among current or former smokers, aged 50-80 who have a smoking history of at least 20 pack years.

• #12 Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/lung-prevention-pdq

  Based on solid evidence, long-term sustained smoking cessation results in decreased incidence of lung cancer and of second primary lung tumors. […] Based on solid evidence, exposure to secondhand smoke causes lung cancer and therefore, preventing exposure to secondhand smoke results in decreased incidence and mortality from primary lung cancers. […] Based on solid evidence, occupational exposures such as asbestos, arsenic, nickel, and chromium are causally associated with lung cancer. Reducing or eliminating workplace exposures to known lung carcinogens would be expected to result in a corresponding decrease in the risk of lung cancer. […] Based on solid evidence, indoor exposure to radon increases lung cancer incidence and mortality, particularly among cigarette smokers. […] The overall findings from the ATBC and CARET studies, which include over 47,000 participants, demonstrated that pharmacological doses of beta-carotene increase lung cancer risk in relatively high-intensity smokers.

• #12 Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/lung-prevention-pdq

  The strong evidence from rigorous randomized, placebo-controlled trials clearly indicated that beta-carotene supplementation does not lower the risk of lung cancer in populations that are not high-risk for lung cancer. […] The combined evidence for vitamin E supplementation thus continues to be consistent with no effect on lung cancer risk.

• #13 Lung Cancer Prevention and Screening

  https://preventcancer.org/preventable-cancer/lung-cancer/

  Screening is recommended for those ages 50–80 with 20 pack-year histories. Guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommend screening for people who currently smoke or those who have quit within the past 15 years. […] If you have a long history of smoking something else, such as cigars, talk with your health care provider about lung cancer screening. […] You may reduce your risk for lung cancer through these lifestyle-related modifications: […] Do not smoke or use tobacco in any way. […] If you smoke cigarettes heavily or used to, get screened for lung cancer based on guidelines and your personal risk factors. […] Stay away from secondhand smoke. […] Eat lots of fruits and vegetables. […] Don’t rely on supplements. Beta-carotene supplements may increase risk of lung cancer. […] Make your home and community smoke-free. […] Test your home for radon.

• #14 Lung Cancer Care and Prevention – Whole Health Library

  https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/lung-cancer-care-and-prevention.asp

  Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women (25%). It is the leading cause of cancer-related death in Veterans, and the most preventable cancer in the world. […] Smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer while radon gas exposure is the second. Environmental carcinogen exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, tar, mineral oils, mustard gas, silica, diesel exhaust, ionizing radiation, and bis(chloromethyl) ether also increase risk. […] The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends annual lung cancer screening with a low-dose CT scan in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20-pack per year smoking history and who currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery.

• #15 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States. Several factors increase the risk of lung cancer, but the most important and modifiable risk factor is cigarette smoking. […] Cigarette smoking is responsible for almost 90 percent of cases of lung cancer; secondhand smoke exposure also increases risk. Environmental exposure to radon (a colorless and odorless gas) is an important and modifiable risk factor for lung cancer among both smokers and non-smokers. In addition, exposure to certain other substances, such as asbestos, has been linked to the development of lung cancer. […] The best way to prevent lung cancer is to avoid smoking; don’t start smoking, or if you already smoke, quit. Some people believe that once they have smoked for a long time, there is little point in quitting. However, studies have shown that smokers who quit decrease their risk of lung cancer when compared with those who continue to smoke. Smokers who quit for more than 15 years have an 80 to 90 percent reduction in their risk of lung cancer compared with people who continue to smoke.

• #16 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  If you live in an area with high levels of environmental radon, it is important to test for radon in your home; you can buy a kit to test for the presence of radon in your home. If radon is present, it’s important and possible to lower the level; radon treatment („mitigation”) professionals can provide guidance on the best way to do this. […] Yearly screening with low-dose CT scan is now recommended by many organizations for persons ages 50 to 80 years who are current or former smokers (who quit within the past 15 years) with a moderate or long smoking history. […] The main benefit of screening is that it increases the chances of detecting lung cancer early when it is generally easier to treat and may be curable. This can lower your chances of dying from lung cancer. […] One possible drawback of screening is the risk of getting a „false positive” result. This is when a screening test finds something that looks like it might be cancer but ultimately turns out not to be cancer. False positives can occur with screening with low-dose CT scans. In addition to being stressful and possibly adding expense, this can lead to more imaging tests and/or a lung biopsy, which can be painful and can sometimes leads to problems, such as bleeding or a collapsed lung.

• #17 Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66017/

  Based on solid evidence, indoor exposure to radon increases lung cancer incidence and mortality, particularly among cigarette smokers. […] The overall findings from the ATBC and CARET studies, which include over 47,000 participants, demonstrated that pharmacological doses of beta-carotene increase lung cancer risk in relatively high-intensity smokers. […] The strong evidence from rigorous randomized, placebo-controlled trials clearly indicated that beta-carotene supplementation does not lower the risk of lung cancer in populations that are not high-risk for lung cancer.

• #17 Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66017/

  Lung cancer risk is largely a function of older age combined with extensive cigarette smoking history. […] Based on solid evidence, cigarette smoking causes lung cancer. The risks of lung cancer associated with cigarette smoking are dose-dependent and increase markedly according to the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years smoked. On average, current smokers have approximately 20 times the risk of lung cancer as nonsmokers. […] Based on solid evidence, exposure to secondhand smoke is an established cause of lung cancer. […] Based on solid evidence, exposure to radiation increases lung cancer incidence and mortality. […] Based on solid evidence, workplace exposure to asbestos, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and nickel increases lung cancer incidence and mortality.

• #17 Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66017/

  Based on solid evidence, exposure to outdoor air pollution, specifically small particles, increases lung cancer incidence and mortality. […] Based on solid evidence, cigarette smoking causes lung cancer and therefore, smoking avoidance results in decreased mortality from primary lung cancers. […] Based on solid evidence, long-term sustained smoking cessation results in decreased incidence of lung cancer and of second primary lung tumors. […] Based on solid evidence, exposure to secondhand smoke causes lung cancer and therefore, preventing exposure to secondhand smoke results in decreased incidence and mortality from primary lung cancers. […] Based on solid evidence, occupational exposures such as asbestos, arsenic, nickel, and chromium are causally associated with lung cancer. Reducing or eliminating workplace exposures to known lung carcinogens would be expected to result in a corresponding decrease in the risk of lung cancer.

• #18 Preventing Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/non-small-cell-lung-cancer/prevention

  Avoid Smoking and Secondhand Smoke. […] Experts at NYU Langones Perlmutter Cancer Center recommend several lifestyle changes to reduce your risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer, the most common type of lung cancer. These include limiting your exposure to smoke and other cancer-causing chemicals. […] Limit Exposure to Cancer-Causing Chemicals. […] Regular exposure to certain chemicals, which are inhaled through the air, increases the risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer. […] If you are concerned about radon and asbestos in your home, you can test for these chemicals and have them safely removed. […] Regular exposure to other chemicals, such as coal tar, soot, or gasoline, may also increase the risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer.

• #19 Preventing Small Cell Lung Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/small-cell-lung-cancer/prevention

  Asbestos is a mineral that has been used as a fire retardant and in building materials for insulation. Although the use of asbestos-containing materials has greatly declined, people can still be exposed to the mineral during commercial building or home renovation projects. […] If youre concerned about asbestos in your home, you can test for it. If you find it, you can have it removed safely. Government regulations protect people from asbestos in the workplace. […] If your workplace exposes you to other cancer-causing chemicals, such as coal tar or soot, you may have an increased risk of developing small cell lung cancer. Laws are in place to help limit your exposure.

• #20 Lung Cancer Prevention: What You Should Know | El Camino Health

  https://www.elcaminohealth.org/stay-healthy/blog/lung-cancer-prevention-what-you-should-know

  If you do currently smoke or vape, seek resources to help you stop. […] You can still significantly lower your risk of developing lung cancer by quitting. […] Talk to your doctor about strategies and resources to help you quit, such as nicotine replacement products, support groups and medications. […] On days with high air pollution, try to limit the amount of time you spend outside. […] If you are concerned about your risk of developing lung cancer, talk to your doctor to determine if it’s time for a screening. […] Early detection is the key to effective treatment.

• #21 Lung cancer prevention | Knowledge for policy

  https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/health-promotion-knowledge-gateway/lung-cancer-prevention_en

  Lung cancer is a cancer that develops in the trachea, bronchus or lung. […] Numerous EU countries have implemented initiatives to combat cancer, with the main emphasis on mitigating cancer risk factors (primary prevention) and establishing screening programmes to detect cancer at earlier stages (secondary prevention). […] In terms of primary prevention of lung cancer, smoking cessation remains the most effective prevention measure. […] It is, however, also important to foster smoke-free environments, implement evidence-based tobacco control policies, mitigate occupational hazards, and reduce levels of environmental pollution to prevent lung cancer. […] Secondary prevention strategies for lung cancer include screening methods designed to detect the disease during its early stages, prior to the onset of symptoms. […] The Council proposed that countries should explore the feasibility and effectiveness of screening with use of low-dose computed tomography, starting with populations at high risk (i.e., current and ex-smokers who have quit smoking within the previous 15 years).

• #22 Lung Cancer Prevention | How to Prevent Lung Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Not all lung cancers can be prevented, but you may be able to lower your risk for lung cancer by changing the risk factors that you can control. […] The best way to reduce your risk of lung cancer is not to smoke and to avoid breathing in other peoples smoke. […] You can reduce your exposure to radon by having your home tested and treated, if needed. […] Avoiding exposure to known cancer-causing agents, in the workplace and elsewhere, may also be helpful. […] A healthy diet with lots of fruits and vegetables may also help reduce your risk of lung cancer. […] Some evidence suggests that a diet high in fruits and vegetables may help protect people who smoke and those who dont against lung cancer. […] Trying to reduce the risk of lung cancer in people who currently smoke or those who formerly smoked by giving them high doses of vitamins or vitamin-like drugs has not been successful so far. […] Although we know how to prevent most lung cancers, at this time we dont know how to prevent all of them.

• #23 Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Patient Information [NCI]

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=ncicdr0000062825

  Some studies show that people who eat high amounts of fruits or vegetables have a lower risk of lung cancer than those who eat low amounts. […] Some studies show that people who are physically active have a lower risk of lung cancer than people who are not. […] Studies of nonsmokers show that taking beta carotene supplements does not lower their risk of lung cancer. […] Studies show that taking vitamin E supplements does not affect the risk of lung cancer. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent lung cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #24 Nutrition for Lung Cancer Patients | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/treatment/stay-healthy/nutrition

  Can Certain Foods Prevent Lung Cancer? There is some evidence that eating a plant-based diet high in fruits and vegetables, can lower your risk of developing lung cancer, but more research needs to be done. […] Although we dont have strong evidence that eating this way will reduce lung cancer risk specifically, experts recommend you eat a diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables to reduce risk of developing other cancers and to provide your body with all the nutrients it needs to stay healthy. […] Should I Eat Foods High in Antioxidants? You should try to eat a reasonable amount of fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains, many of which are rich in antioxidants like berries, dark green vegetables, oats and fish. […] High-dose antioxidant supplements may also interfere with lung cancer treatments, including radiation and certain chemotherapies. […] Key Takeaways: Eat a varied diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in red and processed meats and processed sugar to help you maintain a healthy body weight and blood sugar levels. […] Don’t take beta-carotene if you smoke.

• #25 Lung cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374620

  Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. […] Quitting smoking, even after smoking for many years, significantly lowers the chances of developing lung cancer. […] There’s no sure way to prevent lung cancer, but you can reduce your risk if you: […] Don’t smoke. […] Stop smoking now. Quitting reduces your risk of lung cancer, even if you’ve smoked for years. […] Avoid secondhand smoke. […] Test your home for radon. […] Avoid carcinogens at work. […] Eat a diet full of fruits and vegetables. […] Exercise most days of the week.

• #26 Lung cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/lung-cancer/

  Smoking is the main cause of lung cancer. […] More than 90% of lung cancer cases in men and more than 80% in women worldwide are caused by smoking tobacco. Passive smoking is also a cause of lung cancer. […] In current and former smokers, taking high-dose beta-carotene supplements increases the risk of lung cancer. This is why we recommend that you don’t take supplements for cancer prevention. […] Following our Cancer Prevention Recommendations reduces your risk of lung cancer and other cancers. If you have been diagnosed with cancer, following our Recommendations can reduce the risk of cancer returning. […] By far the most important thing you can do to prevent lung cancer is to not smoke, or to give up smoking. If you do smoke, stopping smoking will reduce your risk. […] High-dose beta carotene supplements can increase lung cancer risk in smokers and ex-smokers. This is one of the reasons we recommend you do not rely on supplements for cancer prevention. It’s best to get all the nutrients you need from a healthy balanced diet rather than from supplements.

• #27 Lung Cancer Prevention: 10 Ways to Lower Your Risk

  https://www.healthline.com/health/lung-cancer/lung-cancer-prevention

  Exposure to certain chemicals can raise your risk of lung cancer. […] HIV is linked to a higher risk of lung cancer. In fact, research shows that it may double your risk of developing lung cancer. […] Studies show that physical activity may reduce lung cancer risk by as much as 20 to 30 percent for women and 20 to 50 percent for men. […] Your diet also plays an important role in cancer prevention. To lower your cancer risk, eat a healthy diet with lots of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. […] If youre at a higher risk of lung cancer due to your smoking history and age, regular lung cancer screening may be right for you. Screening can help detect lung cancer early, when it may be easier to treat. […] Theres a lot you can do to help lower your risk of lung cancer. Many of these prevention methods, like quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet, can improve your overall health in many ways.

• #28 Prevention of Lung Cancer | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/prevention-of-lung-cancer/

  The single most important lifestyle modification for the reduction of lung cancer risk is cessation of smoking. […] The risk of lung cancer in a daily 1-pack-per-day smoker is over 20 times that of a non-smoker, and in smokers who quit before age 30, the risk falls to 2% cumulative risk of death from lung cancer over their lifetime. […] Secondhand smoke exposure has been recognized for over 20 years as a cause of lung cancer among non-smokers. […] From a global health perspective, adoption of smoke-free laws is one of the best lifestyle modifications that a community can do to improve the health of its citizens. […] Diets high in fruits and vegetables have been extensively evaluated as cancer risk reducers, and in 2007, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) recognized a level of evidence of probable benefit for fruit consumption and decreased lung cancer risk, with lesser evidence that vegetable consumption is beneficial. […] It is well recognized that lifestyle changes to increase aerobic exercise are protective against the development of cancer, as well as improving health during cancer therapy. Data suggest a 13%-30% decrease in lung cancer risk with moderate-to-high levels of physical activity.

• #29 How to Prevent Lung Cancer: 5 Steps to Take Right Now

  https://www.uchealth.com/en/media-room/articles/5-tips-for-preventing-lung-cancer

  Regular exercise strengthens your lungs and helps them work more efficiently. […] Some studies have found that people who get regular physical activity have a lower risk of lung cancer, even if they smoke. […] If you have a family member who has had lung cancer, you may be at an increased risk for the disease. […] Avoid secondhand smoke as much as possible. […] Radon gas can build up to high levels inside homes and other buildings and radon exposure has been linked to lung cancer. […] Eating a healthy diet can help you maintain a healthy weight, have more energy and reduce your risk of developing all types of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke and Type 2 diabetes. These factors can also help reduce your risk of lung cancer.

• #30 Lung Cancer | Division of Public Health

  https://www.dph.ncdhhs.gov/programs/chronic-disease-and-injury/cancer-prevention-and-control-branch/nc-priority-cancers/lung-cancer

  Lung cancer screening is recommended if you: […] Get a lung cancer screening, if eligible. […] Quit tobacco and vaping use. Quitting takes practice! Coaching and medications can triple your chances of quitting for good. […] Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke. […] Test your home for radon. Radon is a gas that can be in the soil and ground water. […] Be aware of workplace environmental hazards. Avoid exposure to cancer-causing chemicals or substances. Follow safety procedures. […] Know your family health history, including cancer illnesses and deaths. […] Eat healthy. Eat more fruits and vegetables. Drink more water and fewer sugar-sweetened beverages. Create meal plans to cook at home. […] Be physically active. Strive to get at least 30 minutes of physical activity five days week and strength training at least twice a week.

• #31 Recommendation: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening

  The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. […] Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery. […] The USPSTF recommends using age and smoking history to determine screening eligibility rather than more elaborate risk prediction models because there is insufficient evidence to assess whether risk prediction model-based screening would improve outcomes relative to using the risk factors of age and smoking history for broad implementation in primary care.

• #32 Lung Cancer Screening – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/lung-cancer/screening

  Lung cancer screening can help diagnose lung cancer in its earlier stages and improve outcomes for patients. […] The best way to reduce your risk of developing lung cancer is to quit smoking. […] Studies have shown that lung cancer screening can reduce the risk of death from lung cancer by 20 percent. […] In addition to screening, quitting smoking is the best method to reduce your risk for lung cancer. […] The test is designed to screen high-risk patients before they begin to show symptoms of disease, so the largest benefit is the potential to diagnose lung cancer in its early stages and begin treatment immediately in an effort to reduce mortality from the disease. […] The most effective way to reduce your risk of developing lung cancer is to quit smoking.

• #33 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  If you have a serious medical condition such as chronic lung, heart, or other disease, the risks of lung cancer screening and its follow-up and treatment, may outweigh the benefits for you. If you are in generally good health, the decision to screen will depend more on your personal values and preferences. Your health care provider can help you figure out if screening is a good choice for you.

• #34 Lung Cancer Prevention | Lung Cancer Awareness | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/lung-cancer/awareness/prevention

  Not all cases of lung cancer can be prevented, but the best way to reduce your risk of lung cancer is not to smoke and to avoid breathing in other people’s smoke. […] According to the National Cancer Institute people who stop smoking and never start again lower their risk of developing lung cancer or of having it come back. […] Never smoking lowers the risk of dying from lung cancer. […] If you (or someone you know) may be at risk, you and your doctor should discuss all the known benefits and known harms associated with lung cancer screening. […] There is research to suggest some families may have a genetic mutation in their lungs which leave them at a higher risk for developing diseases of the lung, including lung cancer.

• #35 Lung Cancer Screening | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/prevention-screening/get-screened/lung-cancer-screening.html

  At this time, lung cancer screening is recommended only for adults at high risk. […] MD Anderson recommends lung cancer screening if you are ages 50-80, are a current smoker (or former smoker who quit in the past 15 years) and have a 20 pack-year smoking history (for example, one pack a day for 20 years or two packs a day for 10 years). […] Along with regular exams, practice awareness. This means you should be familiar with your body. That way youll notice changes, like a cough that doesnt go away or chest pain. Then, report them to your doctor without delay. […] Cancer screening exams can detect cancer early, when the chances for successfully treating the disease are greatest. […] MD Anderson offers free smoking cessation services to patients and employees.

• #36 Lung Cancer Prevention & Screening | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY

  https://www.roswellpark.org/cancer/lung/prevention-screening

  The two best ways to beat lung cancer are to: […] Prevent lung cancer by minimizing or eliminating risk factors. […] You can take steps to reduce your risk and detect early-stage disease. […] You may be eligible to participate in a lung cancer prevention clinical trial. […] If you face a higher risk due to your smoking history, occupation, asbestos exposure or other factors, we can help. […] Smoking is a difficult addictive habit, but you can quit and we can help. […] Take necessary steps to prevent exposure to second-hand smoke, asbestos, radon and other cancer-causing substances.

• #37

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/lung-cancer/prevention.php

  Lung cancer is the most lethal form of cancer in the United States. Yet most cases are preventable. Find out how to protect yourself. […] Whats worse is that the majority of lung cancers are avoidable, as there are ways to prevent lung cancer. In fact, about 80% of lung cancer cases are directly attributable to smoking. Therefore, the No. 1 piece of advice for how to avoid lung cancer is never to smoke. Of course, there are other risk factors as well. […] Most lung cancers can be avoided by not smoking cigarettes, cigars or pipe tobacco. But there are other ways to prevent lung cancer as well. […] Avoid secondhand smoke as much as possible. Urge anyone who lives with you to quit. […] Have your home tested for radon. The concentration of radon in the earth varies greatly from place to place, sometimes even within the same neighborhood. […] Limit exposure to cancer-causing gases and chemicals. […] Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables. […] Winship researchers are currently working with the National Cancer Institute to develop a trial aimed at lung cancer prevention in high-risk patients.

• #38 How Communities Can Help People Lower Their Lung Cancer Risk | Lung Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/php/communities/index.html

  State and local communities can play an important role in helping people lower their lung cancer risk. […] State and local communities can play an important role in helping people lower their lung cancer risk by using evidence-based approaches to: […] Reduce minors’ access to tobacco products, including e-cigarettes. […] Help people quit using tobacco products. […] Help people avoid secondhand smoke. […] Reduce people’s exposure to radon. […] Encourage people to be screened for lung cancer as recommended. […] CDC’s National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program and National and State Tobacco Control Program provide funding and technical support to state and territorial health departments to build and maintain tobacco control programs. […] The Community Preventive Services Task Force has reviewed a variety of public health interventions designed to help people quit using tobacco, prevent minors from starting to use tobacco, and help people avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.

• #38 How Communities Can Help People Lower Their Lung Cancer Risk | Lung Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/php/communities/index.html

  The National Cancer Institute’s Evidence-Based Cancer Control Programs website contains evidence-based cancer control interventions and program materials. […] CDC is a member of the National Lung Cancer Roundtable. The Roundtable is a coalition of organizations and experts who work together to reduce lung cancer through prevention, early detection, and optimal therapy. […] The Environmental Protection Agency and partners developed the National Radon Action Plan to describe strategies to reduce exposure to radon, such as requiring radon testing and reduction systems.

• #39 Current and future perspectives in lung cancer prevention – González-Marrón – Precision Cancer Medicine

  https://pcm.amegroups.org/article/view/5724/html

  Lung cancer prevention activities are based on primary and secondary prevention activities. Primary prevention activities are aimed at smoking cessation and non-initiation campaigns, which rely mainly on tobacco control policies. Globally, tobacco control foundations are set on the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, which came into force in 2005, and the MPOWER measures proposed thereafter. […] The implementation of tobacco control policies is associated with different health outcomes, included negatively with the high risk of lung cancer in the European Union. […] At the secondary level, preventive activities correspond to lung cancer screening programs. While chest X-ray with or without sputum cytology was found in the past to be ineffective in the reduction of lung cancer mortality, multiple trials have been conducted worldwide in the last decades, and others are still on course, to assess the efficacy of the low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) as screening tool.

• #40 Lung Cancer Awareness Toolkit – Cancer Control TAP

  https://cancercontroltap.org/news/lung-cancer-awareness-month-campaign/

  Promote adherence to annual screening by reminding individuals of the importance of lung cancer screening. […] Provide survivors of lung cancer with survivorship services and resources, such as tobacco cessation services, physical activity support, weight management support, elimination or moderation of alcohol consumption, appropriate vaccinations, other regular cancer screenings and pain management. […] Promote patient-clinician discussion of palliative care options throughout treatment. […] Tailor messages to address stigma and social barriers to lung cancer screening. […] Normalize lung cancer screening, especially annual lung cancer screening even when initial screens are negative and normal. […] Encourage screening through a gain frame rather than loss frames to help balance fear of lung cancer screening.

• #41 The Propulmão project: a multifaceted approach to lung cancer prevention and early detection – The Lung Cancer Policy Network

  https://www.lungcancerpolicynetwork.com/the-propulmao-project-a-multifaceted-approach-to-lung-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection/

  There are several ongoing regional lung cancer screening programmes in Brazil. […] The Propulmo project is implementing an integrated lung cancer prevention, early detection and care programme that aims to act as a blueprint for the rest of the country. […] The Propulmo project is a major health initiative established to improve prevention, early detection and screening of lung cancer, and it aims to reduce the burden of lung cancer in Brazil. […] Propulmo conducts training activities for healthcare professionals throughout Brazil, to improve their skills in lung cancer prevention and early detection. […] The project engages in primary prevention activities such as smoking cessation programmes, given the high incidence of smoking-related lung cancer in Brazil. […] The Propulmo project aims to improve equity and access to lung cancer screening, particularly for populations in rural or underserved areas, by ensuring that lung cancer screening and prevention resources are developed to address the needs of these communities. […] Projects like Propulmo can play a pivotal role in advocating for national lung cancer screening programmes by presenting concrete evidence and benefits directly to policymakers.

• #42 Lung cancer: prevention, diagnosis, treatment and survivorship – ERS – European Respiratory Society

  https://www.ersnet.org/news-and-features/news/lung-cancer-prevention-diagnosis-treatment-and-survivorship/

  In order to protect lung health and prevent lung disease, ERS calls on the European Commissions Beating Cancer Plan to: Reinforce tobacco control and prevention policies. Increase access to smoking cessation services and evidence-based tools for quitting smoking. Improve air quality, including by lowering EU limit values for ambient pollution as well as strengthening occupational protection with meaningful pollution exposure limits in workplaces.

• #43 Lung Cancer Prevention – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/lung-cancer-prevention/

  Extensive research has shown a strong connection between high levels of radon gas in indoor spaces and an increased risk of lung cancer. […] A healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables may help lower the risk of lung cancer. […] Some studies show that physically active people have a lower risk of developing lung cancer than people who are not. […] Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, can significantly reduce the chance of developing lung cancer, even for those who stop smoking later in life. […] Reducing the exposure to risk factors such as tobacco smoke, occupational hazards, radon and early detection are some other ways to prevent this disease. […] Decreasing the radon levels in homes, reducing exposure to workplace carcinogens and avoiding second-hand smoke are essential preventive measures. […] It is the responsibility of the individual to follow the above measures, highlighting the importance of proactive measures in lung cancer prevention.

• #44 Lung Cancer Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-cancer/causes-risks-prevention.html

  There is no way to completely prevent cancer. But there are things you can do that might lower your risk. […] Learn more about what you can change to improve your health. By taking 5 minutes to answer a few questions, we will give you a personalized roadmap of actions with helpful resources you can use to lower your risk of cancer.

• #45 Lung Cancer Prevention | Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center | Patient Care | Montefiore Einstein

  https://montefioreeinstein.org/cancer/types/lung-chest/prevention

  Lung cancer prevention is one of the many goals of our world-renowned lung cancer team. This highly specialized team uses state-of-the-art tools to diagnose lung cancer in its earliest stages. […] You can do several things to lower your chances of getting lung cancer. These include quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke. In addition, if you live in an older home, test your home for radon. It’s also important to identify lung cancer in its earliest stage, so getting screened if you are at risk can help. […] Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent lung cancer. […] The following are risk factors for lung cancer: Cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking; Secondhand smoke; Family history; HIV infection; Environmental risk factors; Beta carotene supplements in heavy smokers. […] The following are protective factors for lung cancer: Not smoking; Quitting smoking; Lower exposure to workplace risk factors; Lower exposure to radon. […] New ways to prevent lung cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #46 Prevention of Lung Cancer | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/prevention-of-lung-cancer/

  Prevention of Lung Cancer […] Effective cancer prevention strategies are aimed at reducing the incidence and mortality of that cancer. […] Primary prevention such as smoking cessation and early screening are covered in other chapters, while lifestyle modification is reviewed here, as well as strategies utilized in both the primary and secondary settings to prevent thoracic cancer. […] Tobacco smoking is the primary avoidable risk factor for many pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer. Smoking cessation decreases the incidence of lung cancer (primary prevention) and improves overall survival for those diagnosed with lung cancer (tertiary prevention). […] The single most important lifestyle modification for the reduction of lung cancer risk is cessation of smoking. […] Secondhand smoke exposure has been recognized for over 20 years as a cause of lung cancer among non-smokers. […] Local laws to create smoke-free environments have reduced the risk of secondhand smoke exposure in occupations such as the hotel, restaurant, and entertainment industries. […] Data suggest a 13%-30% decrease in lung cancer risk with moderate-to-high levels of physical activity. […] Smoking cessation remains the mainstay of prevention for lung cancer, and chemoprevention for lung cancer is still considered experimental. […] Radon testing in the home is recommended as radon remediation represents an important primary prevention of lung cancer. […] Prevention of inhalation has been largely effective in reducing fiber exposure, but mesothelioma still occurs despite prevention efforts in the workplace. […] Community and international efforts to reduce the causes of these environmental toxins are critical to the reduction in lung cancer risk in future generations.

Zobacz więcej