Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/nursingmadeincrediblyeasy/fulltext/2022/01000/management_of_anal_cancer.5.aspx

  Caring for a patient with anal cancer requires an interprofessional approach. Perform a thorough health history interview and head-to-toe assessment focusing on the anus and perianal region for any lesions. […] A digital rectal exam and anoscopy to visualize the anal mucosa and obtain a biopsy of suspicious lesions will be performed during the initial assessment. […] Patients should report any sores on the lips and in the mouth. […] Patients should also report numbness and tingling of the hands and feet from peripheral neuropathy because 5-FU causes inflammation of nerves. […] Patients receiving radiation therapy may experience fatigue from anemia and should spread activities out evenly throughout the day to conserve energy. […] Radiation therapy causes inflammation of the skin resembling a sunburn, including the anal region and sphincters.

• #1 Application of the international classification for nursing practice (ICNP®)in planning nursing care for patients diagnosed with anal cancer

  http://ltcn.eu/Application-of-the-international-classification-for-nursing-practice-ICNP-in-planning-nursing-care-for-patients-diagnosed-with-anal-cancer,150,43977,0,1.html

  In the case of nursing care provided to patients with an advanced-stage of the disease, it is crucial to recognize their multifaceted health problems and to introduce an intervention which would be suitable for patients needs and capacities in order to enable them to reach the highest possible quality of life. […] The objective of this study was to present a nursing plan for advanced-stage anal cancer patients with the application of the International Classification for Nursing Practice ICNP. […] Advanced-stage anal cancer patients may multifaceted suffering. The main objective of palliative care is improving the quality of life of these patients and their families. An important element of care is to adapt interventions to the individual needs of patients. […] The application of the International Classification for Nursing Practice ICNP makes it possible both to form nursing diagnoses and to plan essential nursing interventions.

• #2 Treating Anal Cancer | Anal Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/anal-cancer/treating.html

  After the cancer is found and staged, your cancer care team will talk with you about treatment options. A key goal of treatment is to save the muscles of the anal sphincter so you can control your bowels and stool so your overall quality of life is not affected. […] You might have many other specialists on your treatment team as well, including physician assistants, nurse practitioners, nurses, nutrition specialists, social workers, and other health professionals. […] People with cancer need support and information, no matter what stage of illness they may be in. Knowing all of your options and finding the resources you need will help you make informed decisions about your care. […] Different types of programs and support services may be helpful, and they can be an important part of your care. These might include nursing or social work services, financial aid, nutritional advice, rehab, or spiritual help. […] Remember that even if you choose not to treat the cancer, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms.

• #3

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-cancer

  Anal cancer is raremuch less common than cancer of the colon or rectum. […] Prevention and screening of high-risk populations are key parts in decreasing the rates of anal cancer and effectively treating the disease when it occurs. […] There are several screening methods used, especially in high-risk patient populations. […] Regular examinationAny patient with a history of anal and genital warts should have a regular examination for recurrence. […] Anal cytologyThis is the same testing as a Pap smear in a gynecology exam. […] High resolution anoscopy (HRA)This is a procedure like colposcopy in a gynecology exam. […] Although few cancers are totally preventable, avoiding risk factors and getting regular checkups are important. […] People at increased risk should talk to their physicians about getting an anal cancer screening.

• #3

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/anal-cancer

  Treatment of anal cancer includes: Local excision by surgery, Chemotherapy and radiation, Surgical removal of the rectum and anus with colostomy. […] Most anal cancers are cured with chemotherapy and radiation. […] Regular follow-up with a careful exam by your colon and rectal surgeon is important.

• #4 Screening for Anal Dysplasia and Cancer in Adults With HIV – Clinical Guidelines Program

  https://www.hivguidelines.org/guideline/hiv-anal-cancer/

  This guideline on screening for anal cancer and dysplasia in individuals with HIV was developed by the New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute (NYSDOH AI) to inform clinicians in New York State who provide primary care to individuals with HIV about human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal disease and assist them in identifying opportunities for its prevention, screening, and treatment. Accordingly, this guideline addresses HPV transmission, prevention, and screening and the diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of HPV-related anal disease. […] The goal of this guideline is to provide standards for clinicians in New York State to identify HPV-related anal disease in individuals with HIV and provide currently available treatment and follow-up and to: Increase the numbers of New York State residents with HIV who are screened and effectively treated for HPV-related anal and perianal dysplasia.

• #4 Screening for Anal Dysplasia and Cancer in Adults With HIV – Clinical Guidelines Program

  https://www.hivguidelines.org/guideline/hiv-anal-cancer/

  Spontaneous regression of anal dysplasia, including HSILs, has also been described. […] In a randomized clinical trial, HSILs resolved among nearly one-third of participants in the active monitoring group that did not receive treatment Goldstone, et al. 2019. […] In a retrospective study, HSILs spontaneously regressed in 20% of participants with HIV Tong, et al. 2013. […] Currently, there are no data to guide the assessment of lesions to determine which ones will progress, persist, or regress. […] Given the increased lifetime risk of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and increased prevalence of HPV-related cancers, clinicians should recommend the 3-dose nonavalent HPV vaccine series (0, 12, and 6 months) to all individuals with HIV aged 9 to 45 years regardless of CD4 cell count, prior cervical or anal screening results, HPV test results, HPV-related cytologic changes, or other history of HPV-related lesions.

• #5 Application of the international classification for nursing practice (ICNP®)in planning nursing care for patients diagnosed with anal cancer

  http://ltcn.eu/Application-of-the-international-classification-for-nursing-practice-ICNP-in-planning-nursing-care-for-patients-diagnosed-with-anal-cancer,150,43977,0,1.html

  In the case of nursing care provided to patients with an advanced-stage of the disease, it is crucial to recognize their multifaceted health problems and to introduce an intervention which would be suitable for patients needs and capacities in order to enable them to reach the highest possible quality of life. […] The objective of this study was to present a nursing plan for advanced-stage anal cancer patients with the application of the International Classification for Nursing Practice ICNP. […] Advanced-stage anal cancer patients may multifaceted suffering. The main objective of palliative care is improving the quality of life of these patients and their families. An important element of care is to adapt interventions to the individual needs of patients. […] The application of the International Classification for Nursing Practice ICNP makes it possible both to form nursing diagnoses and to plan essential nursing interventions.

• #6 Palliative care in colorectal and anal malignancies from diagnosis to death – Karlekar – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/117593/html

  Anal cancer (AC) remains rare in the United States with approximately 10,000 people diagnosed yearly and 1,600 deaths yearly. Two-thirds of those diagnosed are women. ACs emerge from the squamous cell mucosa and are routinely mediated by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Curable AC is treated with concurrent chemoradiation in a highly toxic and highly effective upfront regimen. Surgery has little role in the treatment of ACs and it is reserved for salvage therapy in case of persistent or recurrent local disease. When metastatic at presentation, treatment of AC is palliative to ease symptom burden and prolong life, and this usually includes systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy, targeted palliative radiation and rarely surgery for obstructive symptoms. […] Given the highly morbid treatments of AC, early integration of PC providers into the team of patients caring for those with AC can be extremely valuable for patients.

• #6 Palliative care in colorectal and anal malignancies from diagnosis to death – Karlekar – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/117593/html

  PC is defined by the World Health Organization as an approach that improves the quality of life of patients (adults and children) and their families who are facing problems associated with life-threatening illness. It prevents and relieves suffering through the early identification, correct assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, whether physical, psychosocial or spiritual. PC aims to maximize an individual’s QOL and minimize the suffering of the patient and family. PC utilizes an interdisciplinary approach with the understanding that a sole physician is not adequately equipped to meet all care needs of a patient and family. While valuable for all patients with serious illness, PC as a specialty is uniquely poised to support patients with cancer and their families from diagnosis to death. […] Consequently, patients with cancer are increasingly referred to PC earlier in their disease trajectory.

• #7 Treatment for anal cancer – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anal-cancer/treatment/

  Anal cancer is often treatable when found early. […] The main treatment for anal cancer is a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, called chemoradiation (or chemoradiotherapy). […] The specialist care team looking after you will: explain the treatments, benefits and side effects, work with you to create a treatment plan that is best for you, help you manage any side effects, including any changes to your diet. […] If you need a colostomy, you’ll be looked after by a specialist stoma nurse. They’ll be able to offer you support. […] The clinical nurse specialist, or another member of your specialist team, will be able to give you information on follow-up care after treatment.

• #8 Anal Cancer Carergiver Support | The Anal Cancer Foundation

  https://www.analcancerfoundation.org/support/caregivers/

  Being a caregiver for someone with anal cancer involves understanding the condition, its treatment, and its impact on daily life. […] The treatment for anal cancer can lead to side effects which feel difficult to manage. […] This section discusses chemotherapy treatment for anal cancer in order to help you prepare for treatment, and to understand the effects of treatment on your body. […] This section discusses radiation treatment for anal cancer in order to help you prepare for and after treatment including follow up care. […] This page discusses what to expect during surgery for anal cancer, and the side effects that you may experience following treatment. […] Reading and listening to the stories from fellow anal cancer community members about their experiences with anal cancer can be an incredibly helpful and informative process. […] The Peer to Peer Support Program is a free service provided by the Anal Cancer Foundation that matches anal cancer thrivers (our word for survivors) and caregivers with thriver volunteers and caregiver volunteers.

• #9

  https://journals.lww.com/nursingmadeincrediblyeasy/fulltext/2022/01000/management_of_anal_cancer.5.aspx

  Patients should protect the skin, including the conjunctiva and scalp secondary to alopecia, by limiting exposure to the sun or other light sources. […] The most common adverse reactions of immunotherapy in anal cancer are dermatologic manifestations that affect the patient’s quality of life. […] The main pathology of anal cancer is HPV infection leading to SCC. Risk reduction of HPV infection through patient education and early recognition and intervention will promote the best outcomes in anal cancer.

• #10 Anal Cancer Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment | Froedtert & MCW

  https://www.froedtert.com/anal-cancer-symptoms-treatment

  During chemoradiation, your cancer team will give you directions about diet, hydration, skin care and activity levels that are best to help you throughout your treatment. […] Our doctors specialize in taking care of patients with anal cancer and bring you the most comprehensive and personalized care to treat this cancer. Our high treatment volumes, advanced imaging and precision radiation therapy technologies as well as our highly specialized multidisciplinary care team make this a center of choice for anal cancer treatment. […] Once you are diagnosed, your radiation team will make a plan to deliver very precise, image-guided radiation that is needed to cure anal cancer, even when the cancer is locally advanced. Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is an advanced method that can deliver higher doses of radiation more precisely to the tumor while avoiding surrounding tissue. Targeting the radiation precisely to the tumor helps prevent side effects and maximize elimination of the tumor. IMRT can mean fewer side effects from radiation therapy and better quality of life. […] Patients with early, as well as locally advanced and metastatic anal cancer, will benefit from the expertise of our colorectal surgeons and our medical oncology team, which has access to the latest drug therapies for treating anal cancer.

• #11 Supportive care for anal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/anal/supportive-care

  Talk to your healthcare team if you are having problems with sex. They can suggest ways to help you manage these problems, such as medicines or special devices. […] If you have an abdominoperineal resection, you will need a permanent colostomy. This surgery removes the muscles of the anal sphincter, and without them you cannot have a bowel movement (poop). […] Specially trained healthcare professionals called enterostomal therapists will help you adapt to having a colostomy. They will teach you how to live with a colostomy and care for the stoma.

• #11 Supportive care for anal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/anal/supportive-care

  Supportive care helps with the physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges of cancer. This important part of cancer care focuses on improving the quality of life of people with cancer and their loved ones, especially after treatment has ended. […] If you have been treated for anal cancer, you may have the following concerns. […] Diarrhea is a common problem for people treated for anal cancer. This is because the digestive system is very sensitive to treatments like radiation therapy and chemotherapy. An abdominoperineal resection may also cause diarrhea. […] In addition to diarrhea, some people may not be able to control their bowel movements (called incontinence). This often happens if treatment damages the muscles of the anal sphincter. […] Some treatments for anal cancer can cause sexual problems or make having sex difficult.

• #12 Anal Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6151-anal-cancer

  Anal cancer treatment depends on the type and cancer stage, but may include: […] Healthcare providers often combine chemotherapy and radiation therapy as initial anal cancer treatment. The combined treatments often eliminate anal cancer, so you dont need surgery. […] If you have this surgery, your surgeon will also do a permanent colostomy so you can eliminate poop into a bag or pouch attached to your body. […] Living with a permanent colostomy can be challenging, but you wont be alone. Your healthcare team will help you as you get used to managing how you poop and living a full and normal life after anal cancer surgery. […] Cleveland Clinic healthcare providers are experts in diagnosing anal cancer symptoms, like rectal bleeding, and offer personalized treatment for anal cancer.

• #13 Anal Cancer – Gastrointestinal Cancer | UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center

  https://www.uclahealth.org/cancer/cancer-services/gi-cancer/conditions/anal-cancer

  Our team specializes in GI cancer, including anal cancer. Together with you, your doctors will develop an individualized treatment plan. Whenever possible, your oncologist will treat anal cancer nonsurgically to help support your quality of life after treatment. […] Most people dont need surgery for anal cancer, especially if it is detected early. But if you do need surgery, your surgeon will explain your options and what to expect. Surgical and nonsurgical treatments for anal cancer include: […] After APR surgery, youll have a colostomy (an opening and removable bag that collect stool). Our support team will help you through the recovery process.

• #14 Anal Cancer Treatment | Sarah Cannon

  https://sarahcannon.com/for-patients/learn-about-cancer/anal-cancer/treatment.dot

  Anal cancer treatment involves various approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. […] Treatment plans vary for each person with anal cancer. Treatment depends on: Where the tumor is, What type of tumor it is, What stage it is, Your general health and age. […] If your doctor recommends surgery, there are 2 main possibilities: Local Resection and Abdominoperineal resection (APR). […] Chemotherapy treatment (often called “chemo”) doesn’t refer to one specific medicine but a group of many different medicines. […] Radiation therapy is also called radiotherapy or radiation. This is a very effective way to destroy cancer cells that may remain after anal cancer surgery. […] The care of ostomies requires special supplies and appliances. You will be extensively trained and educated on how to care for it by your healthcare team.

• #15 Living With Anal Cancer: Effects & Recovery | The Anal Cancer Foundation

  https://www.analcancerfoundation.org/living-with-anal-cancer/

  Living with anal cancer can be a challenging experience. […] We have developed guides and information to help you through each stage of the process of living with anal cancer, from initial diagnosis through to managing the side effects of treatment. […] The treatment for anal cancer can lead to side effects which may feel difficult to manage. We list some tips and techniques that may be helpful in alleviating some of these effects. […] Each of our chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery pages contains information on long term side effects that you might experience after treatment, how to mitigate them, and how to build the care team that can help with your post-treatment journey. […] Dietary changes and issues play a huge part in many people’s anal cancer journey. It’s important to maintain a healthy diet before and throughout treatment to provide your body the best chances at recovery, but many side effects make wanting to eat nutritiously—or at all—difficult.

• #15 Living With Anal Cancer: Effects & Recovery | The Anal Cancer Foundation

  https://www.analcancerfoundation.org/living-with-anal-cancer/

  Exercise may help with a myriad of anal cancer treatment side effects. […] Treatment for anal cancer unfortunately often comes with side effects—both physical and emotional—that can impact your sex life. […] We provide a free Peer-to-Peer support program that has helped anal cancer thrivers and their caregivers find compassionate support and companionship.

• #16 Anal Cancer Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500052-treatment

  Symptom management is critical during the entire process of discovery, diagnosis, and treatment phases for the anal cancer patient. Anal and fecal incontinence can be alleviated or minimized by slowing of stool passage with bulking agents such as psyllium husk powder and, in the case of diarrhea, with antidiarrheal agents. […] Hygiene issues and moisture-related skin breakdown are very common in anal cancer patients. Maintaining excellent postbowel movement cleansing by means of sitz baths or showers can be of great benefit to patients. Dressings or clothing that wick moisture away from the skin can also provide great comfort. Barrier creams and off-loading strategies should be considered in the case of skin breakdown. Symptom control will require the design of a bowel and lifestyle regimen specific to the particular patients needs and goals.

• #16 Anal Cancer Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500052-treatment

  The use of topical creams in the setting of close long-term follow-up is considered appropriate for AIN lesions. Topical 5% imiquimod cream is considered appropriate for anal margin AIN lesions, as is 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cream. Good responses are reported; adverse effects are common but typically of low severity. […] Targeted biopsy and destruction of the lesions, when visible, are considered the preferred methods of control for AIN. Anal mapping (ie, perianal mapping biopsies in advance of formal wide excision), while once routine, is generally not required, but is still used.

• #16 Anal Cancer Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500052-treatment

  Rarely, surgical diversion or excision of the affected organ may be considered. However, surgery for these high-risk patients in the setting of proctitis comes with high morbidity and mortality and should be avoided if possible. If surgery is required, it should be performed at a tertiary care center. […] Prevention begins with recognition of the risk factors for anal cancer, which are as follows: Anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, In women, a history of vulvar, cervical, or vaginal cancer or precancerous lesions, HIV infection, Immunosuppression (eg, in organ transplant recipients, individuals with autoimmune diseases), Certain sexual practices (receptive anal intercourse, having many sexual partners, sex between men), Cigarette smoking. […] Strategies for prevention of anal squamous cell carcinoma consist of vaccination against HPV and management of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). In the United States, 91% of anal cancers have been found to be positive for HPV, with HPV subtype 16 most commonly detected.

• #17 Coping with Anal Cancer | CancerCare

  https://www.cancercare.org/publications/254-coping_with_anal_cancer

  A diagnosis of anal cancer can be overwhelming. […] There are a wide range of treatments for anal cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. […] Anal cancer is sometimes discovered later for certain groups, such as Black patients and the uninsured. […] You do not need to cope with cancer on your own. […] Cancer may not just affect yourself, but everyone around you. […] CancerCare provides one-on-one counseling and support groups to connect you with others in a safe and supportive environment.

• #18 Anal Cancer, Support, Information, Resources

  https://www.cancercare.org/diagnosis/anal_cancer

  Cancer Care provides free, professional support services for people affected by anal cancer, as well as anal cancer information and additional resources. […] Our professional staff can help you cope better with anal cancer. […] Oncology social workers help you cope with the emotional and practical challenges of anal cancer. […] We currently do not offer an anal cancer specific group. You may consider joining our general online support groups for people with cancer. […] We currently do not offer an Anal Cancer specific workshop. […] We currently don’t have any Ask Cancer Care Q&As specifically about anal cancer. […] Ronald M., Diagnosed with anal cancer.

• #19 Living as an Anal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/anal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  For many people with anal cancer, treatment can remove or destroy the cancer. Completing treatment can be both stressful and exciting. […] When you have completed treatment, your doctors will still want to watch you closely. It’s very important to go to all of your follow-up appointments. During these visits, your doctors will ask if you are having any problems and may do a physical exam, which will include a rectal exam, an exam of the anus, and an exam to see if any nearby lymph nodes are enlarged. […] Close follow-up is very important in the first several months after chemoradiation treatment, especially if not all of the cancer is gone. Some tumors continue to shrink after chemoradiation, so the doctor will want to watch the cancer closely during this time to see if more treatment might still be needed.

• #19 Living as an Anal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/anal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  If you have a colostomy, follow-up is important. You might feel worried or isolated from normal activities. A wound, ostomy, continence nurse (WOCN) or enterostomal therapist (a health care professional trained to help people with their colostomies) can teach you how to care for your colostomy. […] Talk with your doctor about developing a survivorship care plan for you. This plan might include: A suggested schedule for follow-up exams and tests, A schedule for other tests you might need in the future, such as early detection (screening) tests for other types of cancer, or tests to look for long-term health effects from your cancer. […] If you have (or have had) anal cancer, you probably want to know if there are things you can do that might lower your risk of the cancer growing or coming back, such as exercising, eating a certain type of diet, or taking nutritional supplements.

• #20 Follow up after anal cancer treatment | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/anal-cancer/treatment/follow-up

  After treatment, you have regular check ups at the hospital. […] You usually have follow up appointments to check how you are and see whether you have any problems or worries. […] The doctor will look for signs of the cancer coming back. […] You have your follow ups at the cancer clinic after chemoradiotherapy. […] Most bowel surgery units have a colorectal specialist nurse and a stoma specialist nurse. […] You usually meet them in the clinic before you have surgery. […] Contact your doctor or specialist nurse if you have any concerns between appointments. […] Many people find their check ups quite worrying. […] It can help to tell someone close to you how you’re feeling. […] Getting practical and emotional support can help you cope with a diagnosis of cancer, life during treatment and life after cancer.

• #21

  http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/types-of-cancer/digestive-system/anus

  Staging describes the cancer. Staging is based on how much cancer is in the body, where it was first diagnosed, if the cancer has spread and where it has spread to. […] Cancer treatment may be different for each person. It depends on your particular cancer. Your treatment may be different than what is listed here. […] A surgeon will take out the cancer if the tumour is small and there is no cancer in the sphincter (muscles that surround the opening of the anus and control the release of stool). […] Follow-up testing is based on your type of cancer. […] After treatment, you may return to the care of your family doctor or specialist for follow-up. […] You should have a rectal exam, anoscopy and an exam of the lymph nodes in your groin every 2-3 months for two years after your treatment.

• #22 Anal Cancer Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, ASCRS Practice Parameters, NCCN Guidelines

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500052-guidelines

  ASCRS recommendations for treatment include the following: For all squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the anal canal, and for most perianal SCCs, combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy is the primary treatment; chemoradiation therapy provides better locoregional control than radiotherapy alone (strong recommendation based on high-quality evidence, 1A). […] The ASCRS recommends that patients treated for anal cancer receive follow-up involving digital rectal examination, anoscopy, and imaging. Surveillance should typically start 8 to 12 weeks from the completion of chemoradiotherapy and should be continued for 5 years (strong recommendation based on moderate-quality evidence, 1B). […] The NCCN guidelines cover the workup, treatment, and post-treatment surveillance of anal carcinoma.

• #23 What I Wish My Nurse Knew About Anal Cancer

  https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/what-i-wish-my-nurse-knew-about-anal-cancer

  I had anal cancer, and as a registered nurse with over 20 years of experience under my belt, this was unbelievable. […] The treatment regimen for anal cancer is brutal, involving simultaneous chemotherapy and pelvic radiation. Understanding the treatment challenges and side effects facing the patient with anal cancer, both short and long term, are important. […] This goes far beyond the nausea and vomiting that chemotherapy brings. It extends to skin care for radiation burns, bladder and bowel control both before and after treatments have concluded, diet intolerance and nutrition, pain management, and sexual dysfunction. Pelvic floor physical therapy plays a vital role in optimal recovery for patients early after anal cancer treatments have concluded. […] Providing reliable anal cancer-specific support sources with active peer-to-peer programs can positively impact your patient. Having a safe forum in which to comfortably speak is imperative. […] So, your patient has anal cancer Arm yourself with knowledge and information and then share that openly with the patient and caregivers.

• #24 Living as an Anal Cancer Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/anal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  Adopting healthy behaviors such as not smoking, eating well, getting regular physical activity, and staying at a healthy weight might help, but no one knows for sure. […] After completing treatment for anal cancer, you should see your doctor regularly to look for any new symptoms or problems, because they could be caused by the cancer coming back or by a new disease or second cancer. […] Survivors of anal cancer should also stay away from tobacco products. Smoking increases the risk of many cancers and might further increase the risk of many of the second cancers seen after anal cancer.

• #25 Anal cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anal-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354146

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your anal cancer-related health concerns […] Anal cancer treatment often starts with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Sometimes surgery is used to remove the cancer. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps you feel better when you have a serious illness. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. A team that may include doctors, nurses and other specially trained health professionals provides palliative care. […] The use of palliative care with all the other appropriate treatments can help people with cancer feel better and live longer.

• #26 Anal Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/anal-cancer

  Pain is one of the most common side effects anal cancer patients experience. […] Your care team will include a pain management physician, who may recommend narcotic pain relievers, or may interventional procedures like nerve blocks that numb the pain around the tumor or pain pumps that release concentrated pain medication on the spine. […] Supportive care therapies that may be recommended to help patients with anal cancer stay strong and maintain their quality of life include oncology rehabilitation, nutritional support, and behavioral health support.

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