Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Nasal Septal Deviation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9736816/

  The reported global prevalence rates had great variation due to the extent of deviation considered in the reporting studies. […] More accurate diagnostic techniques such as CBCT revealed higher prevalence rates of NSD reaching 86.6%. Higher prevalence rates were found among older age groups while no associations were found with gender and history of trauma. […] Globally, there is a high variation in the reported prevalence rates of NSD ranging from 26% to 97%, which can be explained by the extent of deviation considered in the reporting studies. […] Among neonates in India, the prevalence of nasal septal deviation was found to be 20% diagnosed using clinical examination by Grays struts among those aged 2 days. […] Septoplasty is favorable in patients with obstructive symptoms, with a satisfaction rate ranging from 50% to 100%.

• #1 Deviated Septum | Central Oregon ENT | Bend & Redmond, OR

  https://coent.com/deviated-septum/

  Estimates are that 80 percent of all nasal septums are off-center, a condition that is generally not noticed. […] A deviated septum occurs when the septum is severely shifted away from the midline. […] Diagnosis of A Deviated Septum: Patients with chronic sinusitis often have nasal congestion, and many have nasal septal deviations. […] Surgery may be the recommended treatment if the deviated septum is causing troublesome nosebleeds or recurrent sinus infections. […] If a deviated nasal septum is the sole cause for your chronic sinusitis, relief from this severe disorder will be achieved.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/sjoh/fulltext/2022/24010/prevalence_and_clinical_features_of_deviated_nasal.1.aspx

  The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and clinical features of deviated nasal septum (DNS) among children under 14 years of age from the Najran region of Saudi Arabia. […] We found that 59% of the pediatric Najran population has DNS. Class I is the most common deformity and the incidence of DNS increases with age. Nasal obstruction and nasal discharge are the most common clinical features associated with DNS. […] In this study, the prevalence of DNS in the Najran population of Saudi Arabia has been found to be 59% in the pediatric age group (14 years). […] High prevalence rates were seen in the older age groups, indicating that the rates of DNS increase with age. […] The incidence of DNS increased with age and Guyuron’s Class I septal tilt (34.5%) was the most common septal deformity in the pediatric population. Nasal obstruction (66.3%) was the most common clinical feature associated with DNS followed by nasal discharge (35.6%) and external deformity (30.4%).

• #1 Deviated Septum: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16924-deviated-septum

  Up to 80% of the general population has nasal septum deviation. Some people dont even realize they have a deviated septum because they dont have symptoms. But for some, a deviated septum can cause breathing concerns, headaches and other issues. […] A deviated septum can also be a result of normal development. As your nose grows, your septum also grows and can sometimes lean toward one side. This is the most common deviated septum cause. […] Minor nasal septum deviation may not cause any complications at all. But if you have a severely deviated septum, you may develop complications, including: Chronic sinus issues. Sleep apnea. Snoring or loud breathing during sleep. Nasal congestion. Nosebleeds. Dry mouth (xerostomia). […] It depends on the severity of your condition. Most people dont need deviated septum treatment because they have little to no symptoms. You can treat mild symptoms with medication. But if a deviated nasal septum keeps you from breathing properly, you might need surgery.

• #1

  http://www.journalofmedula.com/index.php/medula/article/view/920

  Nasal septum deviation is a common condition that affects approximately 80% of the population. […] The prevalence of nasal septum deviation can increase with age, reaching 72% at the age of 3-14 years old. […] Epidemiological studies indicated that approximately 260,000 septoplasties were performed in the United States and 10,000-95,000 in Europe. […] In Indonesia, more research is still needed to understand the prevalence and characteristics of nasal septum deviation in more detail.

• #1 Deviated nasal septum. Incidence and etiology – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/99070/

  Septal deformity is of two kinds, which may occur independently, or together: 1) anterior cartilage deformity of the quadrilateral septal cartilage, caused by direct trauma or pressure at any age; and 2) combined septal deformity involving all the septal components, caused by compression across the maxilla from pressures occurring during pregnancy or parturition. […] The incidence of septal deformity was investigated in 2,380 Caucasian infants at birth, 2,112 adult skulls of five ethnic groups (European, Indian [Asian], Chinese, African and Australian Aborignal), 918 mammals (266 higher and lower apes, 457 other placental mammals and 185 marsupials). […] Forty-two percent of septa of infants were straight, 27% deviated and 31% kinked. A similar pattern was found in adult skulls, namely 21% straight, 37% deviated and 42% kinked. […] The findings show that varying degrees of septal deformity occur at a constant rate at birth and in the adult. These may vary slightly for each ethnic type.

• #1 Understanding Nasal Septum Deviation in Adults | Dr. Shawn Allen

  https://premiersinus.com/blog/understanding-the-nasal-septum-why-its-deviated-in-most-adults/

  A deviated septum is a common condition, affecting up to 86.6% of adults. […] A common cause of septal deviation is injury to the nose. […] The nasal structures can change over time, and the septum may deviate gradually. This deviation is a natural part of aging and affects many adults. […] A deviated septum can lead to various breathing difficulties. […] Identifying a deviated septum can be challenging as symptoms often overlap with other nasal conditions.

• #1 Best Deviated Septum Treatment in Los Angeles

  https://www.drdaneshrad.com/ent-conditions/nasal-conditions/deviated-septum

  A deviated septum occurs when the thin wall between your nostrils, known as the septum, is displaced to one side, causing one nasal passage to be smaller than the other. This can significantly impact breathing, leading to various symptoms like nasal congestion, frequent sinus infections, and even snoring or sleep apnea. […] Diagnosis of a deviated septum typically involves a physical examination by Dr. Daneshrad, widely considered the best ENT surgeon in Los Angeles. During the exam, an endoscope (a small tube with a camera) is used to inspect the nasal passages, allowing him to assess the extent of the deviation and its effect on airflow. […] A deviated septum can be caused by: Injury: Trauma to the nose, often from sports injuries, car accidents, or falls. Congenital factors: Some people are born with a deviated septum due to developmental issues in the womb. Aging: Changes in tissue structure as you age can worsen the symptoms of a deviated septum.

• #1 Impact of septal deviation and turbinate hypertrophy on nasal airway obstruction: insights from imaging and the NOSE scale: a retrospective study | The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology | Full Text

  https://ejo.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43163-024-00650-0

  The prevalence of nasal septum deviation can vary significantly, with reported rates ranging from 19 to 65% in various populations. […] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nasal septum deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy on nasal obstruction by utilizing the NOSE values and paranasal sinus computed tomography (PSCT) findings for correct preoperative evaluation. […] A positive correlation was found between the coronal location of the septal deviation and the preoperative NOSE 2, and the NOSE total, and the difference of postoperative and preoperative NOSE (p=0.032, p=0.007, p=0.021, respectively). […] A negative statistically significant correlation was found between inferior turbinate hypertrophy and preoperative NOSE 5 values (p=0.029). […] We conclude that the combination of PSCT and the NOSE scale is helpful in determining the severity of nasal obstruction prior to surgery. […] These findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach in addressing nasal obstruction for optimal patient outcomes.

• #1 Deviated Septum for Lake Oswego, OR | Lake Grove ENT | Board Certified Otolaryngologist & Otolaryngologic Allergy

  https://www.lakegroveent.com/service/deviated-septum

  Up to 80% of people have a deviated septum today. […] But, up to 80% of adults have an out-of-position nasal septum, also known as a deviated septum. […] Trauma to the nose is a common cause of septal deviation. […] Many people have deviated septums from early in life with no clear cause. […] These advanced visualization techniques allow your doctor to accurately diagnose septal deviation so they can advise you on the best treatment options.

• #1

  https://sciencescholar.us/journal/index.php/ijhs/article/view/13513

  The prevalence of deviated nasal septum was 87.6% (95% CI, 82.6-91.3%), and no significant relationship between nasal septum deviation and age and gender was observed. […] The highest frequency of nasal septum deviation according to the Meladina classification modified by Rao et al. was assigned to type 7 (36%). […] Mucosal thickness 2 mm was found in the right and left maxillary sinuses, 36.7%, and 34.5%, respectively.

• #1 Deviated nasal septum | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/deviated-nasal-septum?lang=us

  Deviated nasal septa are commonly associated with concha bullosa or turbinate hypertrophy with septal deviation towards the contralateral side. […] A deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a common, usually incidental, finding seen on brain and paranasal sinus CT studies. They are commonly seen with external nose deformities.

• #1 Nasal Septal Deviation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9736816/

  The presence of air cells in the posterior part of the septum attached to the sphenoid sinus can block drainage or pass infection among patients with NSD. […] The prevalence of OSA was 4.39 times higher in the NSD group compared with the control group. Septoplasty, therefore, is considered one of the solutions to decrease OSA significantly, especially in patients with increased BMI. […] The diagnosis of NSD can be made through different clinical tests. […] The selection of the appropriate technique in septoplasty can vary across the patients according to the type of nasal deviation. […] The reported most common complications include bleeding, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, extraocular muscle damage, septal perforation, sensory changes, saddle nose deformity, nasal tip depression, infection, septal abscess, and toxic shock complications that may result from this procedure.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/aomr/fulltext/2023/35030/prevalence_of_nasal_septal_deviation_and_its.24.aspx

  The association between NSD and CB showed a strong relationship and is statistically significant with P 0.001 in the current research and is similar to the findings of Stallman JS et al., Sevinc O et al., Dutta SRB et al., Kucybala L et al., Keles B et al., Sheikh Y et al., El-Din et al., Al Rawi et al., and Tossoker M et al. […] When the TMSM and septal deviation were compared, the present study showed statistically significant results (P = 0.03) which are consistent with Sapmaz et al., Shiekh Y et al., and Tassoker M et al. studies.

• #1 Nasal Septal Deviation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9736816/

  The improvement in psychological status was linked to the clinical improvement of nasal functions. […] The decrease in QOL is mainly obstruction-related, as NSD did not affect the QOL for inferior turbinate hypertrophy patients. […] The aim of this article was to provide a comprehensive review regarding nasal septum deviation, surgery indications and techniques.

• #1 Nasal Obstruction: The Deviated Septum – Everything You’d Want to Know – Eye & Ear Foundation of Pittsburgh

  https://eyeandear.org/2023/09/nasal-obstruction-the-deviated-septum-everything-youd-want-to-know/

  Nasal obstruction is one of the most common complaints presented to a general ENT, allergist, rhinologist (sinus specialist), or facial plastic surgeon. […] Approximately two out of three people have a deviated septum to some degree. Not everyone is symptomatic. […] Nasal obstruction is one of the commonest presenting concerns to ENT surgeons.

• #1

  https://www.ijorl.com/index.php/ijorl/article/view/548

  Out of 446 patients visiting the ENT department of our hospital, 138 (30.9%) of them had DNS. […] Deviated nasal septum is a very prevalent condition in our area, with severe symptoms such as nasal obstruction and rhinitis. Most of the patients had C shaped deviated septum.

• #1 An epidemiologic study of factors associated with nasal septum deviation by computed tomography scan: a cross sectional study | BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcearnosethroatdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6815-12-15

  Nasal septum deviation is a common disorder that presents in up to 62% of the population, and its role in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis remains uncertain. […] Of 463 cases, 47% had septal deviation. […] The presence of septal deviation and its degree were not associated with the severity of sinusitis in our study. […] Moreover, we did not find any associations between the presence of SeD (either to right or left) and the severity of sinusitis in different sinuses.

• #1 An epidemiologic study of factors associated with nasal septum deviation by computed tomography scan: a cross sectional study | springermedizin.de

  https://www.springermedizin.de/an-epidemiologic-study-of-factors-associated-with-nasal-septum-d/9515196

  Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses that can be caused by anatomic variations of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. […] Nasal septum deviation is a common disorder that presents in up to 62% of the population, and its role in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis remains uncertain. […] The relationship between the presence of SeD (either to right or left) and the severity of sinusitis was calculated. […] By our study, it is concluded that there is no association between the severity of sinusitis, osteomeatal involvement and the degree of septal deviation which is in contrast with some previous studies but confirm the others. […] Moreover, we did not find any associations between the presence of SeD (either to right or left) and the severity of sinusitis in different sinuses.

• #1 Prevalence of nasal septum deviation and its association with chronic maxillary sinusitis – JOOO

  https://www.joooo.org/html-article/16146

  Out of 50 DNS patients 44 were having sinusitis accounting for 88% in our study where as 6 were not having sinusitis even though there was a deviated nasal septum. Majority of patients were males accounting for 94.4% suffering from sinusitis and 71.4% of females were suffering from sinusitis due to DNS. […] In our study there were 30 patients without DNS but out of those only 36.6% of patients were having sinusitis and 63.3% of patients were not having sinusitis. Sinusitis without DNS might be due to other causes like allergy, asthma, dental disease, nasal polyps, immunodeficiency, mucociliary disorders, trauma, medications, surgery, noxious chemicals and micro-organisms (viral, bacterial and fungal).

• #1 Association of nasal septal deviation with the incidence of anxiety, depression, and migraine: A national population-based study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0259468

  Nasal obstruction caused by nasal septal deviation is very bothersome and, therefore, can affect the patients emotional state. However, little is known about the effect of nasal septal deviation (NSD) on the neuropsychiatric aspects of patients. Therefore, this study aims to verify the higher incidence of anxiety, depression, and migraine in patients diagnosed with NSD compared to general populations using big data. […] Patients with NSD had an increased risk of anxiety, depression, and migraine compared to the control group. In the NSD group, the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were 1.236 (95% CI, 1.1981.276) for anxiety, 1.289 (95% CI, 1.2381.343) for depression, and 1.251 (95% CI, 1.2141.290) for migraine. […] NSD is associated with a higher incidence of anxiety, depression, and migraine. Therefore, it is suggested that physicians carefully consider psychoneurological distress and employ therapeutic strategies to minimize these conditions.

• #1 Deviated Septum – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/deviated-septum/

  Ideally, the left and right nasal passageways are equal in size. However, it is estimated that as many as 80 percent of people have a nasal septum that is off-center. This is called a deviated septum, which may or may not cause certain symptoms. […] When there is clearly a crooked/deviated septum, and the symptoms are severe enough to warrant intervention, the ENT specialist may suggest surgery as an option if medical treatment fails. […] Septoplasty is the preferred surgical treatment to correct a deviated septum. […] Sometimes a deviated septum may lead to repeated nosebleeds. If the blockage is severe, it may force mouth-breathing at night, which can worsen sleep disorders.

• #1 Deviated Septum Questions & Answers – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/hit-it-on-the-nose-deviated-septum-q-and-a

  Yes, it’s possible not to know that you have a deviated septum or other septal issues, especially if you are not experiencing any symptoms. Talk with your primary care provider if you are concerned about any nasal symptoms or the appearance of your nose. […] The most common cause of upper respiratory tract infections are viruses, such as those that cause the common cold, whereas bacteria typically cause sinus infections. If you have a deviated septum, you may be more susceptible to nasal blockage, which could lead to developing nasal polyps. These are painless, noncancerous growths on the lining of your nasal passages or sinuses that make you more vulnerable to sinus infections in the future. […] A deviated septum can cause a headache in addition to a blocked nose. This may occur when the septum contacts sensitive nasal tissue and causes pain along the sensory nerve leading to your brain.

• #1 Deviated Septum in Columbus, OH | Ohio ENT & Allergy Physicians

  https://www.ohioentandallergy.com/ent/nasal-sinus/deviated-septum-nasal-obstruction/

  A deviated septum is a common condition that involves a displacement of the septum, the wall that separates the nostrils, to one side of the nose. About 80 percent of people have a deviated septum, which often develops due to an injury to the nose. […] Patients with a severely deviated septum may experience nasal congestion, nosebleeds, and frequent or recurring sinus infections due to their uneven nasal passages. […] Treatment for a deviated septum can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the associated symptoms.

• #1 Surgery for Deviated Septum? | ENT of Georgia South

  https://entgasouth.com/blog/do-i-need-surgery-for-my-deviated-septum

  Research suggests that septal deviation affects around 75% of people, many of whom don’t even know it. […] The management and treatment of a deviated septum will naturally depend on the severity of the condition. Most of the time, you will not require any treatment at all. […] When symptoms are severe and/or frequent, it is time to consider options for deviated septum surgery.

• #1 Deviated Septum Questions & Answers – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/hit-it-on-the-nose-deviated-septum-q-and-a

  Often, the first treatment options for a deviated septum focus on managing symptoms with medication. You may be prescribed decongestants or nasal steroid sprays. These medications can reduce nasal tissue swelling to help with drainage and keep the airways on both sides of your nose open. […] The most common surgery to correct a deviated septum is called a septoplasty. During this procedure, your nasal septum is straightened and repositioned in the center of your nose. This may require your surgeon to cut and remove parts of your septum, which are sometimes reinserted in the proper position. Septoplasty does not significantly change the shape or size of your nose, or correct other nasal or sinus conditions you may have, such as allergies. […] Like the rest of your body, your nasal structures change over time. This may or may not make your deviated septum worse. Your symptoms could become more intense or bothersome, and you could see changes to the appearance of your nose as well.

• #1 12 Deviated Septum – Abingdon ENT

  https://abingdonent.com/patient-education/sinuses/12-deviated-septum

  Estimates are that 80 percent of all nasal septums are off-center, a condition that is generally not noticed. […] A „deviated septum” occurs when the septum is severely shifted away from the midline. […] Septoplasty is the preferred surgical treatment to correct a deviated septum. […] Septal deviations commonly occur due to nasal trauma. […] Surgery may be the recommended treatment if the deviated septum is causing troublesome nosebleeds or recurrent sinus infections. […] If a deviated nasal septum is the sole cause for your chronic sinusitis, relief from this severe disorder will be achieved.

• #1 Patient Education – Deviated Septum | Manhattan New York Facial Plastic Surgeon | ENT Ear, Nose and Throat Doctor

  https://www.drjoshuazimm.com/patient-education-deviated-septum/

  Estimates are that 80 percent of all nasal septums are off-center, a condition that is generally not noticed. […] Septal deviations commonly occur due to nasal trauma. […] Patients with chronic sinusitis often have nasal congestion, and many have nasal septal deviations. […] Surgery may be the recommended treatment if the deviated septum is causing troublesome nosebleeds, severe nasal blockage, or recurrent sinus infections.

• #1 Deviated nasal septum

  https://med.uth.edu/orl/texas-sinus-institute/patient-education/deviated-nasal-septum/

  Estimates are that 80 percent of all nasal septums are off-center, a condition that is generally not noticed. […] Patients with chronic sinusitis often have nasal congestion, and many have nasal septal deviations. […] Surgery may be the recommended treatment if the deviated septum is causing troublesome nosebleeds or recurrent sinus infections.

• #1 Deviated Septum: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16924-deviated-septum

  Generally, deviated septum surgery has good success rates, up to 85%. But about 15% of people who have this type of treatment dont notice a significant improvement in their symptoms. […] Yes, a deviated septum can block the airflow through your nasal passages, resulting in snoring and sleep apnea.

• #1

  https://irispublishers.com/ojor/fulltext/the-incidence-of-post-septoplasty-complications-among-patients-with-deviated-nasal.ID.000576.php

  A deviated septum can present at birth, becomes curved during growth, or can be traumatic due to nasal and facial injury. […] DNS was reported in approximately 30-43% of the population, without nasal obstruction unrelated to gender. […] Septoplasty is the main surgical intervention for patients with a deviated nasal septum to relieve nasal obstruction. […] The current study aimed to reveal the incidence of postoperative complications among patients with DNS and their relation to patients age and gender. […] The only significant postoperative complication statistically is nasal deformity. It is more common among female (27%) than male (10.7%) and significant more among those patients younger than 30 (21.5%) years-old than older (7.1%). […] Our study revealed that the only significant post-operative complication in relation with both gender and age groups is a nasal deformity. Nasal obstruction is the most common postoperative complication recorded in general among male and female patients as well as in all age groups although it has no significant relation to both gender and age groups.

• #2 An epidemiologic study of factors associated with nasal septum deviation by computed tomography scan: a cross sectional study | BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders | Full Text

  https://bmcearnosethroatdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6815-12-15

  Nasal septum deviation is a common disorder that presents in up to 62% of the population, and its role in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis remains uncertain. […] Of 463 cases, 47% had septal deviation. […] The presence of septal deviation and its degree were not associated with the severity of sinusitis in our study. […] Moreover, we did not find any associations between the presence of SeD (either to right or left) and the severity of sinusitis in different sinuses.

• #2 Deviated Septum: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16924-deviated-septum

  Up to 80% of the general population has nasal septum deviation. Some people dont even realize they have a deviated septum because they dont have symptoms. But for some, a deviated septum can cause breathing concerns, headaches and other issues. […] A deviated septum can also be a result of normal development. As your nose grows, your septum also grows and can sometimes lean toward one side. This is the most common deviated septum cause. […] Minor nasal septum deviation may not cause any complications at all. But if you have a severely deviated septum, you may develop complications, including: Chronic sinus issues. Sleep apnea. Snoring or loud breathing during sleep. Nasal congestion. Nosebleeds. Dry mouth (xerostomia). […] It depends on the severity of your condition. Most people dont need deviated septum treatment because they have little to no symptoms. You can treat mild symptoms with medication. But if a deviated nasal septum keeps you from breathing properly, you might need surgery.

• #2 Understanding Nasal Septum Deviation in Adults | Dr. Shawn Allen

  https://premiersinus.com/blog/understanding-the-nasal-septum-why-its-deviated-in-most-adults/

  A deviated septum is a common condition, affecting up to 86.6% of adults. […] A common cause of septal deviation is injury to the nose. […] The nasal structures can change over time, and the septum may deviate gradually. This deviation is a natural part of aging and affects many adults. […] A deviated septum can lead to various breathing difficulties. […] Identifying a deviated septum can be challenging as symptoms often overlap with other nasal conditions.

• #2 Deviated septum: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318262

  An estimated 80 percent of people in the United States (U.S.) do not have a straight nasal septum. Deviated septum, as a medical condition, generally only refers to severely displaced septums. The prevalence of deviated septums in the U.S. is therefore far lower. […] A 2012 study in India, found that neonatal deviated septum affected 20 percent of newborns. These cases were related to birthing challenges and occurred more often in larger birth weight babies and those who experienced difficult deliveries. […] Cases that have a significant deformity can be more severe in infants, due to their smaller respiratory passages and reliance on nasal breathing. Complications of severe cases have the potential to be fatal.

• #2 Deviated Septum – Raleigh Capitol Sinus & Allergy Center

  https://www.raleighsinuscenter.com/conditions-treated/deviated-septum

  Most people (up to 80%) have some mild degree of deviation in their nasal septum, and often, this condition goes unnoticed and does not cause any problems. […] A deviated nasal septum can cause a variety of troublesome symptoms. […] If symptoms like those listed above are significantly affecting your quality of life, you may need to have your nasal septum surgically repaired.

• #2 Nasal Septal Deviation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9736816/

  The presence of air cells in the posterior part of the septum attached to the sphenoid sinus can block drainage or pass infection among patients with NSD. […] The prevalence of OSA was 4.39 times higher in the NSD group compared with the control group. Septoplasty, therefore, is considered one of the solutions to decrease OSA significantly, especially in patients with increased BMI. […] The diagnosis of NSD can be made through different clinical tests. […] The selection of the appropriate technique in septoplasty can vary across the patients according to the type of nasal deviation. […] The reported most common complications include bleeding, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, extraocular muscle damage, septal perforation, sensory changes, saddle nose deformity, nasal tip depression, infection, septal abscess, and toxic shock complications that may result from this procedure.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/aomr/fulltext/2023/35030/prevalence_of_nasal_septal_deviation_and_its.24.aspx

  Nasal septum deviation (NSD) is a facial midline deviation of the septums bone or cartilage, nasal promoting nasal obstruction which results in mouth breathing with implications on lip and tongue position, high arched palate, and decreased nasal permeability, and nasal turbinate hypertrophy causes a reduction in the size of the nasal airways leading to concha bullosa (CB), mucociliary obstructions, and maxillary sinusitis. […] The prevalence of NSD and CB was found to be 43.3% and 42.2%, respectively. […] In the current research, deviated nasal septum prevalence was found to be 43.3% which is in line with the study conducted by Talaiepour et al. (43.74%) and Teul et al. (43%). […] CB prevalence is 42.2% of the subjects which is similar to studies conducted by Ahmmed S et al. (42.22%), Shiekh Y et al. (42.14%), and Kucybala L et al. (42.1%).

• #2 Deviated Septum: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Risks

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/deviated-septum

  A deviated septum is a condition in which the nasal septum the bone and cartilage that divide the nasal cavity of the nose in half is significantly off center, or crooked, making it hard to breathe. […] In fact, it’s estimated that 80% of people, most unknowingly, have some sort of misalignment of their nasal septum. […] Many sleep apnea patients have a deviated nasal septum. […] A deviated septum causes restricted nasal airflow. This can lead to mouth-breathing and snoring, which is linked to sleep apnea. And having a deviated septum increases your chance of sinus infections that can disrupt sleep quality. […] One 9-year study of sleep apnea in those with a deviated septum found that sleep apnea occurred nearly 4.5 times more in those with a deviated septum.

• #2 Association of nasal septal deviation with the incidence of anxiety, depression, and migraine: A national population-based study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0259468

  To our knowledge, this study is the first nationwide analysis to investigate the risk of anxiety, depression, and migraine in patients with NSD using big data. In this study, the incidence of neuropsychological disorders among patients with NSD was significantly higher than that in the control group. Furthermore, even after adjusting for demographic findings, chronic systemic diseases, and even rhinological illnesses, HR for anxiety, depression, and migraine remained significantly higher in patients with NSD compared to controls. […] By analyzing the NHIS claim database, we found that there is a higher incidence of anxiety, depression, and migraine in patients with NSD than the general population. Clinically, these findings should be considered during the diagnostic and therapeutic process to improve the QOL of patients with NSD.

• #3 Deviated Septum – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/deviated-septum/

  Ideally, the left and right nasal passageways are equal in size. However, it is estimated that as many as 80 percent of people have a nasal septum that is off-center. This is called a deviated septum, which may or may not cause certain symptoms. […] When there is clearly a crooked/deviated septum, and the symptoms are severe enough to warrant intervention, the ENT specialist may suggest surgery as an option if medical treatment fails. […] Septoplasty is the preferred surgical treatment to correct a deviated septum. […] Sometimes a deviated septum may lead to repeated nosebleeds. If the blockage is severe, it may force mouth-breathing at night, which can worsen sleep disorders.

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