Pierwotna postępująca afazja
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Pierwotna postępująca afazja (PPA) to neurodegeneracyjne schorzenie charakteryzujące się stopniowym pogorszeniem funkcji językowych przez minimum dwa lata przed pojawieniem się innych deficytów poznawczych. Średni czas przeżycia w PPA wynosi od 7 do 12 lat od wystąpienia pierwszych objawów, z wariantem semantycznym (svPPA) cechującym się najdłuższym przeżyciem (średnio 12 lat od objawów, 7,3 roku od diagnozy, mediana 10 lat), natomiast wariant logopeniczny (lvPPA) i niepłynny/agramatyczny (nfvPPA) wykazują krótszy czas przeżycia odpowiednio 7,6 i 7,1 roku. Progresja deficytów językowych jest zróżnicowana: svPPA cechuje się najszybszym pogorszeniem w testach semantycznych, nfvPPA wykazuje szybką progresję, a lvPPA tempo pośrednie. Diagnostyka PPA jest trudniejsza i dłuższa niż w chorobie Alzheimera, z większą liczbą błędnych rozpoznań i wcześniejszym wiekiem zachorowania, co podkreśla potrzebę wczesnego i precyzyjnego rozpoznania dla optymalizacji opieki.

Prognostyka Pierwotnej Postępującej Afazji

Pierwotna postępująca afazja (PPA) to zespół kliniczny charakteryzujący się postępującym pogorszeniem funkcji językowych przez co najmniej dwa lata przed wystąpieniem zaburzeń innych funkcji poznawczych1. Prognoza w tej chorobie zależy od wielu czynników, w tym od wariantu PPA, współistniejących schorzeń oraz zastosowanego leczenia. Znajomość naturalnego przebiegu poszczególnych wariantów PPA ma kluczowe znaczenie dla planowania opieki nad pacjentem23.

Oczekiwana długość życia

Badania wskazują, że średni czas przeżycia pacjentów z pierwotną postępującą afazją wynosi od 7 do 12 lat od momentu wystąpienia pierwszych objawów45. Istnieją jednak znaczące różnice między poszczególnymi wariantami tej choroby:

  • Wariant semantyczny (svPPA) – najdłuższe przeżycie, średnio 12 lat od wystąpienia objawów i 7,3 roku od diagnozy, z szacowaną medianą przeżycia 10 lat67
  • Wariant logopeniczny (lvPPA) – średnio 7,6 roku od wystąpienia objawów89
  • Wariant niepłynny/agramatyczny (nfvPPA) – średnio 7,1 roku od wystąpienia objawów1011

Badania porównawcze wykazały, że czas przeżycia jest istotnie dłuższy w przypadku svPPA niż w przypadku lvPPA (p=0,02 od początku objawów; p=0,04 od diagnozy) oraz nfvPPA (p≤0,0001 od początku objawów; p=0,004 od diagnozy)12. Chociaż PPA sama w sobie nie jest bezpośrednią przyczyną zgonu, wpływa na ogólny stan zdrowia pacjenta i jego podatność na inne schorzenia13.

Przebieg choroby i przewidywanie progresji

Przebieg pierwotnej postępującej afazji charakteryzuje się stopniowym pogarszaniem się funkcji językowych. W miarę postępu choroby pacjenci ostatecznie tracą zdolność komunikacji werbalnej i rozumienia języka pisanego i mówionego14. W początkowym okresie choroby dominują objawy afatyczne i apraksyjne, jednak wraz z jej postępem pojawiają się inne zaburzenia poznawcze i behawioralne, zwykle nie wcześniej niż 8-12 lat po wystąpieniu pierwszych objawów15.

Tempo pogorszenia funkcji językowych jest zróżnicowane w zależności od wariantu PPA:

  • Wariant semantyczny wykazuje najszybsze tempo pogorszenia w testach semantycznych (np. w skróconej wersji testu Piramid i Palm Trees)16
  • Wariant niepłynny/agramatyczny charakteryzuje się stosunkowo szybką progresją17
  • Wariant logopeniczny ma pośrednie tempo progresji18

Badacze próbują znaleźć metody przewidywania przebiegu choroby. Trwają prace nad wykorzystaniem danych z wyjściowej oceny PASS (Progressive Aphasia Severity Scale) do prognozowania obszarów najsilniejszego upośledzenia i względnego zachowania funkcji w perspektywie 2-4 lat, co byłoby niezwykle cenne dla dyskusji o rokowaniu19. Funkcjonalny rezonans magnetyczny (fMRI) w stanie spoczynku, szczególnie analiza stopnia łączności w korze przedczołowej i innych regionach homologicznych, może być pomocny w przewidywaniu tempa spadku funkcji poznawczych20.

Diagnoza i jej wpływ na rokowanie

Odpowiednia diagnoza PPA ma kluczowe znaczenie dla rokowania, ponieważ umożliwia wczesne wdrożenie odpowiednich interwencji klinicznych, opracowanie skoordynowanych planów opieki, zarządzanie objawami, poprawę bezpieczeństwa pacjenta, oszczędność kosztów i opóźnienie instytucjonalizacji21. Jednak droga diagnostyczna w PPA jest skomplikowana i często wymaga więcej czasu niż w przypadku innych schorzeń neurodegeneracyjnych, np. choroby Alzheimera22.

Badania wykazały, że:

  • Czas między pierwszą konsultacją z powodu zaburzeń poznawczych a pierwszą diagnozą jest znacznie dłuższy w przypadku PPA niż w chorobie Alzheimera23
  • Liczba różnych diagnoz przed ostatecznym rozpoznaniem PPA jest znacznie wyższa niż w chorobie Alzheimera24
  • Odsetek pacjentów z więcej niż jedną diagnozą jest wyższy w grupie PPA niż w grupie z chorobą Alzheimera25

Mediana wieku w momencie pierwszej diagnozy jest znacząco niższa w PPA niż w chorobie Alzheimera, co jest zgodne z innymi badaniami, które wykazały, że początek objawów występuje w młodszym wieku w PPA26. Poziom wykształcenia jest wyższy w grupie PPA niż w grupie z chorobą Alzheimera, co potwierdza obserwację, że pacjenci z demencją o wczesnym początku mają wyższy poziom wykształcenia niż pacjenci z demencją o późnym początku27.

Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie

Indywidualne rokowanie w pierwotnej postępującej afazji jest niepewne ze względu na heterogeniczność choroby28. Badania sugerują, że pacjenci mogą zachować niezależność w codziennych czynnościach przez 6-7 lat od wystąpienia objawów, a lepsze wyniki funkcjonalne mogą być związane z kilkoma wyjściowymi cechami, w tym z płynną afazją29.

Do głównych przyczyn zgonu u pacjentów z PPA należą zapalenie płuc z aspiracji oraz zatrzymanie akcji serca3031. Dokładne monitorowanie stanu pacjenta i odpowiednie postępowanie w przypadku trudności z połykaniem może zmniejszyć ryzyko aspiracji i poprawić rokowanie.

Opcje terapeutyczne i ich wpływ na rokowanie

Obecnie nie istnieje lekarstwo na pierwotną postępującą afazję, a dostępne metody leczenia mają na celu głównie spowolnienie postępu choroby i złagodzenie objawów3233. Brak jest skutecznych leków, które mogłyby znacząco poprawić lub zatrzymać postęp podstawowych objawów mowy/języka w PPA34.

Wśród dostępnych opcji terapeutycznych wymienia się:

  • Terapia mowy i języka (SLT) – kluczowa interwencja, która ocenia umiejętności komunikacyjne i opracowuje spersonalizowany plan interwencji w celu poprawy zdolności komunikacyjnych35. Badania sugerują, że terapia językowa może spowolnić tempo pogorszenia w niektórych testach językowych36.
  • Leki przeciwdepresyjne – takie jak trazodon, które mogą być skuteczne w łagodzeniu objawów behawioralnych, choć nie mają wpływu na funkcje poznawcze w otępieniu czołowo-skroniowym37.
  • Przezczaszkowa stymulacja prądem stałym (TDCS) – może wzmocnić efekty terapii językowej38.

Dowody naukowe wspierają stosowanie interwencji behawioralnych w leczeniu zaburzeń mowy i języka u osób z PPA. Z 45 wysokiej jakości badań, wszystkie wykazały poprawę w przynajmniej jednym głównym kryterium oceny dla co najmniej jednego uczestnika39. Większość z tych badań wykazała również uogólnienie i utrzymanie efektów leczenia40.

Wnioski końcowe

Pierwotna postępująca afazja jest schorzeniem o zróżnicowanym przebiegu i rokowaniu, zależnym głównie od jej wariantu. Najdłuższe przeżycie obserwuje się w wariancie semantycznym (średnio 12 lat), podczas gdy warianty logopeniczny i niepłynny mają krótsze przeżycie (około 7-8 lat)4142.

Diagnostyka PPA wciąż stanowi wyzwanie ze względu na złożoność i ewolucję fenotypu od izolowanych zaburzeń językowych do globalnego upośledzenia poznawczego z towarzyszącymi wielorakimi objawami neuropsychiatrycznymi43. Mimo to, wczesna i prawidłowa diagnoza ma kluczowe znaczenie dla wdrożenia odpowiednich interwencji, które mogą poprawić jakość życia pacjentów i potencjalnie wpłynąć na rokowanie44.

Chociaż nie ma skutecznych leków modyfikujących przebieg choroby, terapie behawioralne, zwłaszcza terapia mowy i języka, mogą pomóc w utrzymaniu umiejętności komunikacyjnych przez dłuższy czas4546. Przyszłe badania powinny koncentrować się na opracowaniu nowych metod diagnostycznych i terapeutycznych, które mogłyby wcześnie identyfikować pacjentów z PPA i skutecznie spowalniać progresję choroby.

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  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Primary Progressive Aphasia: Advances in Diagnosis, Prognosis, & Treatment – ASHA Journals Academy
    https://academy.pubs.asha.org/2015/11/primary-progressive-aphasia-advances-in-diagnosis-prognosis-treatment/
    Primary progressive aphasia is deterioration of language for at least two years before decline in other cognitive functions, and that was the original description by Mesulam in 1982. […] But giving somebody a diagnosis of one particular variant of primary progressive aphasia can be helpful and Ill try to show you that because it can kind of give them an idea of what problems might come next, what the course of their condition might be, what other problems they might develop, and so on. […] The underlying disease often determines what problems the person may develop in the future. […] The semantic variant showed the most rapid decline on the short version of the Pyramids and Palm Trees test, that 14-item version. […] The only variable that really significantly associated with PPA decline was the type. The semantic variants did show the grade fastest decline in this group compared to the other variants.
  • #2 Survival in the Three Common Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Memory Clinic
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8466819/
    Knowledge on the natural history of the three main variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is lacking, particularly regarding mortality. […] Results showed that survival from symptom onset and diagnosis was significantly longer in svPPA than in lvPPA (p = 0.002) and nfvPPA (p 0.001). […] Mean survival from symptom onset was 7.6 years for lvPPA, 7.1 years for nfvPPA, and 12 years for svPPA. […] In conclusion, this pilot study found significant differences in survival between the three variants of PPA with svPPA showing the longest and nfvPPA showing more neurologically-related causes of death. […] The aim to the present pilot study was to analyze and compare survival data between the three PPAs variants and to describe causes of death. […] Mean and estimated median survival time in patients with svPPA were respectively 12 years and 10 years from onset to death and 7.3 years and 7.5 years from diagnosis to death.
  • #3 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The primary progressive aphasia (PPA) diagnosis trajectory is debated, as several changes in diagnosis occur during PPA course, due to phenotype evolution from isolated language alterations to global cognitive impairment. […] The survival duration is estimated between 10 and 15 years. […] Proper PPA diagnosis increases the opportunities of providing early appropriate clinical interventions, implementing coordinated care plans, managing symptoms, improving patient safety, cost savings and postponing institutionalization. […] The neurodegenerative diagnosis trajectory is still debated, as several changes in diagnosis occur during the course of PPA, due to phenotype evolution from isolated language alterations to global cognitive impairment with associated multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • #4 Life Expectancy with Primary Progressive Aphasia
    https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-does-someone-live-with-primary-progressive-aphasia
    Limited research suggests that those with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) live on average from 7 to 12 years after symptoms onset. […] Current estimates vary between 7 to 12 years after symptoms initially appear. […] Though PPA doesn’t directly cause death, research suggests that the survival timeline after onset is anywhere from 7 to 12 years. […] In a small sample, cardiac arrest and pneumonia were the leading causes of death in those with PPA.
  • #5 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The primary progressive aphasia (PPA) diagnosis trajectory is debated, as several changes in diagnosis occur during PPA course, due to phenotype evolution from isolated language alterations to global cognitive impairment. […] The survival duration is estimated between 10 and 15 years. […] Proper PPA diagnosis increases the opportunities of providing early appropriate clinical interventions, implementing coordinated care plans, managing symptoms, improving patient safety, cost savings and postponing institutionalization. […] The neurodegenerative diagnosis trajectory is still debated, as several changes in diagnosis occur during the course of PPA, due to phenotype evolution from isolated language alterations to global cognitive impairment with associated multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • #6 Survival in the Three Common Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Memory Clinic
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8466819/
    Knowledge on the natural history of the three main variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is lacking, particularly regarding mortality. […] Results showed that survival from symptom onset and diagnosis was significantly longer in svPPA than in lvPPA (p = 0.002) and nfvPPA (p 0.001). […] Mean survival from symptom onset was 7.6 years for lvPPA, 7.1 years for nfvPPA, and 12 years for svPPA. […] In conclusion, this pilot study found significant differences in survival between the three variants of PPA with svPPA showing the longest and nfvPPA showing more neurologically-related causes of death. […] The aim to the present pilot study was to analyze and compare survival data between the three PPAs variants and to describe causes of death. […] Mean and estimated median survival time in patients with svPPA were respectively 12 years and 10 years from onset to death and 7.3 years and 7.5 years from diagnosis to death.
  • #7 Survival in the Three Common Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Memory Clinic
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8466819/
    Survival time since onset and diagnosis were significantly longer in svPPA than in lvPPA (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively) and nfvPPA (p 0.0001 and p = 0.004, respectively). […] Our survival results were compatible with findings from a meta-analysis published by Kansal et al. in 2016, with a median survival estimated at 10 years for svPPA. […] This is the first study to analyze survival data across the three variants of PPA according to Gorno-Tempinis criteria.
  • #8 Survival in the Three Common Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Memory Clinic
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8466819/
    Knowledge on the natural history of the three main variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is lacking, particularly regarding mortality. […] Results showed that survival from symptom onset and diagnosis was significantly longer in svPPA than in lvPPA (p = 0.002) and nfvPPA (p 0.001). […] Mean survival from symptom onset was 7.6 years for lvPPA, 7.1 years for nfvPPA, and 12 years for svPPA. […] In conclusion, this pilot study found significant differences in survival between the three variants of PPA with svPPA showing the longest and nfvPPA showing more neurologically-related causes of death. […] The aim to the present pilot study was to analyze and compare survival data between the three PPAs variants and to describe causes of death. […] Mean and estimated median survival time in patients with svPPA were respectively 12 years and 10 years from onset to death and 7.3 years and 7.5 years from diagnosis to death.
  • #9 Primary Progressive Aphasia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
    https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/82030
    PPA is progressive, and no cure currently exists. Thus, patients eventually lose the ability to speak and understand both written and spoken language. Individuals with PPA are typically expected to have predominantly aphasic and apraxic symptoms initially. However, other cognitive and behavioral impairments develop as the disease progresses, usually no earlier than 8 to 12 years after initial symptom onset.[46] Individual prognostication is somewhat unreliable because of PPA’s heterogeneity. […] Most patients with PPA live for 3 to 12 years after diagnosis. The mean survival from symptom onset for svPPA is 12 years, nfvPPA is 7.1 years, and lvPPA is 7.6 years. The most frequent cause of death is aspiration pneumonia.[47]
  • #10 Survival in the Three Common Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Memory Clinic
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8466819/
    Knowledge on the natural history of the three main variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is lacking, particularly regarding mortality. […] Results showed that survival from symptom onset and diagnosis was significantly longer in svPPA than in lvPPA (p = 0.002) and nfvPPA (p 0.001). […] Mean survival from symptom onset was 7.6 years for lvPPA, 7.1 years for nfvPPA, and 12 years for svPPA. […] In conclusion, this pilot study found significant differences in survival between the three variants of PPA with svPPA showing the longest and nfvPPA showing more neurologically-related causes of death. […] The aim to the present pilot study was to analyze and compare survival data between the three PPAs variants and to describe causes of death. […] Mean and estimated median survival time in patients with svPPA were respectively 12 years and 10 years from onset to death and 7.3 years and 7.5 years from diagnosis to death.
  • #11 Primary Progressive Aphasia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
    https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/82030
    PPA is progressive, and no cure currently exists. Thus, patients eventually lose the ability to speak and understand both written and spoken language. Individuals with PPA are typically expected to have predominantly aphasic and apraxic symptoms initially. However, other cognitive and behavioral impairments develop as the disease progresses, usually no earlier than 8 to 12 years after initial symptom onset.[46] Individual prognostication is somewhat unreliable because of PPA’s heterogeneity. […] Most patients with PPA live for 3 to 12 years after diagnosis. The mean survival from symptom onset for svPPA is 12 years, nfvPPA is 7.1 years, and lvPPA is 7.6 years. The most frequent cause of death is aspiration pneumonia.[47]
  • #12 Survival in the Three Common Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Memory Clinic
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8466819/
    Survival time since onset and diagnosis were significantly longer in svPPA than in lvPPA (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively) and nfvPPA (p 0.0001 and p = 0.004, respectively). […] Our survival results were compatible with findings from a meta-analysis published by Kansal et al. in 2016, with a median survival estimated at 10 years for svPPA. […] This is the first study to analyze survival data across the three variants of PPA according to Gorno-Tempinis criteria.
  • #13 Life Expectancy with Primary Progressive Aphasia
    https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-does-someone-live-with-primary-progressive-aphasia
    Limited research suggests that those with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) live on average from 7 to 12 years after symptoms onset. […] Current estimates vary between 7 to 12 years after symptoms initially appear. […] Though PPA doesn’t directly cause death, research suggests that the survival timeline after onset is anywhere from 7 to 12 years. […] In a small sample, cardiac arrest and pneumonia were the leading causes of death in those with PPA.
  • #14 Primary Progressive Aphasia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
    https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/82030
    PPA is progressive, and no cure currently exists. Thus, patients eventually lose the ability to speak and understand both written and spoken language. Individuals with PPA are typically expected to have predominantly aphasic and apraxic symptoms initially. However, other cognitive and behavioral impairments develop as the disease progresses, usually no earlier than 8 to 12 years after initial symptom onset.[46] Individual prognostication is somewhat unreliable because of PPA’s heterogeneity. […] Most patients with PPA live for 3 to 12 years after diagnosis. The mean survival from symptom onset for svPPA is 12 years, nfvPPA is 7.1 years, and lvPPA is 7.6 years. The most frequent cause of death is aspiration pneumonia.[47]
  • #15 Primary Progressive Aphasia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
    https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/82030
    PPA is progressive, and no cure currently exists. Thus, patients eventually lose the ability to speak and understand both written and spoken language. Individuals with PPA are typically expected to have predominantly aphasic and apraxic symptoms initially. However, other cognitive and behavioral impairments develop as the disease progresses, usually no earlier than 8 to 12 years after initial symptom onset.[46] Individual prognostication is somewhat unreliable because of PPA’s heterogeneity. […] Most patients with PPA live for 3 to 12 years after diagnosis. The mean survival from symptom onset for svPPA is 12 years, nfvPPA is 7.1 years, and lvPPA is 7.6 years. The most frequent cause of death is aspiration pneumonia.[47]
  • #16 Primary Progressive Aphasia: Advances in Diagnosis, Prognosis, & Treatment – ASHA Journals Academy
    https://academy.pubs.asha.org/2015/11/primary-progressive-aphasia-advances-in-diagnosis-prognosis-treatment/
    Primary progressive aphasia is deterioration of language for at least two years before decline in other cognitive functions, and that was the original description by Mesulam in 1982. […] But giving somebody a diagnosis of one particular variant of primary progressive aphasia can be helpful and Ill try to show you that because it can kind of give them an idea of what problems might come next, what the course of their condition might be, what other problems they might develop, and so on. […] The underlying disease often determines what problems the person may develop in the future. […] The semantic variant showed the most rapid decline on the short version of the Pyramids and Palm Trees test, that 14-item version. […] The only variable that really significantly associated with PPA decline was the type. The semantic variants did show the grade fastest decline in this group compared to the other variants.
  • #17 Quantitating Severity and Progression in Primary Progressive Aphasia
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3208065/
    We are also currently investigating whether baseline PASS assessment data are useful for predicting the domains of most prominent impairment (and relative preservation) over the subsequent 2-4 years, which would be very valuable for discussions about prognosis. […] New data indicate that the non-fluent/agrammatic variant progressing relatively rapidly and the semantic variant more slowly.
  • #18 Quantitating Severity and Progression in Primary Progressive Aphasia
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3208065/
    We are also currently investigating whether baseline PASS assessment data are useful for predicting the domains of most prominent impairment (and relative preservation) over the subsequent 2-4 years, which would be very valuable for discussions about prognosis. […] New data indicate that the non-fluent/agrammatic variant progressing relatively rapidly and the semantic variant more slowly.
  • #19 Quantitating Severity and Progression in Primary Progressive Aphasia
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3208065/
    We are also currently investigating whether baseline PASS assessment data are useful for predicting the domains of most prominent impairment (and relative preservation) over the subsequent 2-4 years, which would be very valuable for discussions about prognosis. […] New data indicate that the non-fluent/agrammatic variant progressing relatively rapidly and the semantic variant more slowly.
  • #20 Primary Progressive Aphasia: Advances in Diagnosis, Prognosis, & Treatment – ASHA Journals Academy
    https://academy.pubs.asha.org/2015/11/primary-progressive-aphasia-advances-in-diagnosis-prognosis-treatment/
    The rate of decline varies widely across tasks and in individuals across all variants. But it might be predictable using this resting state functional connectivity MRI, particularly looking at the degree of connectivity in prefrontal cortex or other homologous regions. […] Language therapy seems to slow the rate of decline on some language tests and it might be augmented with TDCS.
  • #21 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The primary progressive aphasia (PPA) diagnosis trajectory is debated, as several changes in diagnosis occur during PPA course, due to phenotype evolution from isolated language alterations to global cognitive impairment. […] The survival duration is estimated between 10 and 15 years. […] Proper PPA diagnosis increases the opportunities of providing early appropriate clinical interventions, implementing coordinated care plans, managing symptoms, improving patient safety, cost savings and postponing institutionalization. […] The neurodegenerative diagnosis trajectory is still debated, as several changes in diagnosis occur during the course of PPA, due to phenotype evolution from isolated language alterations to global cognitive impairment with associated multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • #22 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The delay between the first consultation for cognitive troubles and the first diagnosis that is significantly longer than in the AD group. […] The number of different diagnoses before the diagnosis of interest that is significantly higher in the PPA group than in the AD group. […] The percentage of patients with more than one diagnosis that was higher in the PPA group than in the AD group. […] To summarize, despite the evolution of the diagnostic criteria of primary progressive aphasia over time, their diagnostic still does not seem optimal. […] Our study shows also that PPA diagnosis is particularly important because it modifies pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. […] Indeed, the number of patients under pharmacological treatment increases of more than 50% after the diagnosis of PPA.
  • #23 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The delay between the first consultation for cognitive troubles and the first diagnosis that is significantly longer than in the AD group. […] The number of different diagnoses before the diagnosis of interest that is significantly higher in the PPA group than in the AD group. […] The percentage of patients with more than one diagnosis that was higher in the PPA group than in the AD group. […] To summarize, despite the evolution of the diagnostic criteria of primary progressive aphasia over time, their diagnostic still does not seem optimal. […] Our study shows also that PPA diagnosis is particularly important because it modifies pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. […] Indeed, the number of patients under pharmacological treatment increases of more than 50% after the diagnosis of PPA.
  • #24 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The delay between the first consultation for cognitive troubles and the first diagnosis that is significantly longer than in the AD group. […] The number of different diagnoses before the diagnosis of interest that is significantly higher in the PPA group than in the AD group. […] The percentage of patients with more than one diagnosis that was higher in the PPA group than in the AD group. […] To summarize, despite the evolution of the diagnostic criteria of primary progressive aphasia over time, their diagnostic still does not seem optimal. […] Our study shows also that PPA diagnosis is particularly important because it modifies pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. […] Indeed, the number of patients under pharmacological treatment increases of more than 50% after the diagnosis of PPA.
  • #25 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The delay between the first consultation for cognitive troubles and the first diagnosis that is significantly longer than in the AD group. […] The number of different diagnoses before the diagnosis of interest that is significantly higher in the PPA group than in the AD group. […] The percentage of patients with more than one diagnosis that was higher in the PPA group than in the AD group. […] To summarize, despite the evolution of the diagnostic criteria of primary progressive aphasia over time, their diagnostic still does not seem optimal. […] Our study shows also that PPA diagnosis is particularly important because it modifies pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. […] Indeed, the number of patients under pharmacological treatment increases of more than 50% after the diagnosis of PPA.
  • #26 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    Even if the PPA duration is estimated at about 6 years before dementia onset, language symptoms could represent the only set of signs for as many as 10-14 years. […] The diagnosis of PPA is a major challenge in clinical practice as this phenotype is complex and constantly evolving. […] The present study, based on data gathered in the BNA, showed an incidence of PPA of 1.14/100,000 person-year, which is consistent with that was previously reported in FTLD and can be estimated in PPA. […] Median age at first diagnosis was significantly lower in the PPA than in the AD group, which is in agreement with other studies that have shown that symptoms onset happened at a younger age in PPA than in AD. […] The educational level was higher in the PPA than in the AD group, which is more than described in other studies but in agreement with the fact of early onset dementia patients are more educated than patients with late onset dementia.
  • #27 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    Even if the PPA duration is estimated at about 6 years before dementia onset, language symptoms could represent the only set of signs for as many as 10-14 years. […] The diagnosis of PPA is a major challenge in clinical practice as this phenotype is complex and constantly evolving. […] The present study, based on data gathered in the BNA, showed an incidence of PPA of 1.14/100,000 person-year, which is consistent with that was previously reported in FTLD and can be estimated in PPA. […] Median age at first diagnosis was significantly lower in the PPA than in the AD group, which is in agreement with other studies that have shown that symptoms onset happened at a younger age in PPA than in AD. […] The educational level was higher in the PPA than in the AD group, which is more than described in other studies but in agreement with the fact of early onset dementia patients are more educated than patients with late onset dementia.
  • #28 Primary Progressive Aphasia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
    https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/82030
    PPA is progressive, and no cure currently exists. Thus, patients eventually lose the ability to speak and understand both written and spoken language. Individuals with PPA are typically expected to have predominantly aphasic and apraxic symptoms initially. However, other cognitive and behavioral impairments develop as the disease progresses, usually no earlier than 8 to 12 years after initial symptom onset.[46] Individual prognostication is somewhat unreliable because of PPA’s heterogeneity. […] Most patients with PPA live for 3 to 12 years after diagnosis. The mean survival from symptom onset for svPPA is 12 years, nfvPPA is 7.1 years, and lvPPA is 7.6 years. The most frequent cause of death is aspiration pneumonia.[47]
  • #29 Quantitating Severity and Progression in Primary Progressive Aphasia
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3208065/
    Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is an insidiously progressive clinical syndrome that includes at its core an impairment in language. […] Unfortunately, at present, despite substantial effort in several clinical trials of pharmacologic agents and preliminary efforts with rehabilitative techniques, we lack proof of the efficacy of any form of treatment for PPA. […] Although very little research has been performed on prognosis in PPA, one study suggests that patients may maintain independence in activities of daily living for 6-7 years after the onset of symptoms and that better functional outcomes may be associated with several baseline characteristics including fluent aphasia. […] Once neuroprotective or disease-modifying medications aiming to slow disease progression are developed to the point that they can be tested in clinical trials, it would be ideal to initiate them as early as possible.
  • #30 Life Expectancy with Primary Progressive Aphasia
    https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-does-someone-live-with-primary-progressive-aphasia
    Limited research suggests that those with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) live on average from 7 to 12 years after symptoms onset. […] Current estimates vary between 7 to 12 years after symptoms initially appear. […] Though PPA doesn’t directly cause death, research suggests that the survival timeline after onset is anywhere from 7 to 12 years. […] In a small sample, cardiac arrest and pneumonia were the leading causes of death in those with PPA.
  • #31 Primary Progressive Aphasia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
    https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/82030
    PPA is progressive, and no cure currently exists. Thus, patients eventually lose the ability to speak and understand both written and spoken language. Individuals with PPA are typically expected to have predominantly aphasic and apraxic symptoms initially. However, other cognitive and behavioral impairments develop as the disease progresses, usually no earlier than 8 to 12 years after initial symptom onset.[46] Individual prognostication is somewhat unreliable because of PPA’s heterogeneity. […] Most patients with PPA live for 3 to 12 years after diagnosis. The mean survival from symptom onset for svPPA is 12 years, nfvPPA is 7.1 years, and lvPPA is 7.6 years. The most frequent cause of death is aspiration pneumonia.[47]
  • #32 Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17387-primary-progressive-aphasia-ppa
    Primary progressive aphasia worsens over time. Many people with PPA eventually lose their language skills over many years, limiting their ability to communicate. […] Most people who have the condition live up to 12 years after their initial diagnosis. Eventually, many people need daily support with their usual activities. […] There isn’t a way to reverse primary progressive aphasia, but treatment may help you maintain communication skills for as long as possible.
  • #33 Quantitating Severity and Progression in Primary Progressive Aphasia
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3208065/
    Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is an insidiously progressive clinical syndrome that includes at its core an impairment in language. […] Unfortunately, at present, despite substantial effort in several clinical trials of pharmacologic agents and preliminary efforts with rehabilitative techniques, we lack proof of the efficacy of any form of treatment for PPA. […] Although very little research has been performed on prognosis in PPA, one study suggests that patients may maintain independence in activities of daily living for 6-7 years after the onset of symptoms and that better functional outcomes may be associated with several baseline characteristics including fluent aphasia. […] Once neuroprotective or disease-modifying medications aiming to slow disease progression are developed to the point that they can be tested in clinical trials, it would be ideal to initiate them as early as possible.
  • #34
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11065-023-09607-1
    Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) are neurodegenerative syndromes characterized by progressive decline in language or speech. […] The available evidence supports speech-language intervention for persons with PPA; however, treatment for PPAOS awaits systematic investigation. […] There are no pharmacologic agents proven to significantly benefit or halt the progression of the core speech/language symptoms in PPA/PPAOS. […] There is, therefore, a critical need for evidence addressing the efficacy of interventions to improve or maintain speech and language in PPA and PPAOS. […] The highest-quality and most credible evidence is currently provided by 45 level IIa and level IIb (experimental and quasi-experimental) studies with adequate reporting and acceptable risk of bias following the criteria of Oren et al. (2014): 16 experimental group studies and 29 single-subject designs.
  • #35 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The use of antidepressants, such as trazadone, is known to be effective on the behavioural symptoms but no impact on cognition is reported in FTD. […] A key intervention on the PPA population is speech and language therapy (SLT): a specific form of cognitive intervention that evaluates communication skills and designs a personalized intervention plan to improve communication abilities. […] Finally, the put of diagnosis is essential whether it is for more adapted pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions.
  • #36 Primary Progressive Aphasia: Advances in Diagnosis, Prognosis, & Treatment – ASHA Journals Academy
    https://academy.pubs.asha.org/2015/11/primary-progressive-aphasia-advances-in-diagnosis-prognosis-treatment/
    The rate of decline varies widely across tasks and in individuals across all variants. But it might be predictable using this resting state functional connectivity MRI, particularly looking at the degree of connectivity in prefrontal cortex or other homologous regions. […] Language therapy seems to slow the rate of decline on some language tests and it might be augmented with TDCS.
  • #37 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The use of antidepressants, such as trazadone, is known to be effective on the behavioural symptoms but no impact on cognition is reported in FTD. […] A key intervention on the PPA population is speech and language therapy (SLT): a specific form of cognitive intervention that evaluates communication skills and designs a personalized intervention plan to improve communication abilities. […] Finally, the put of diagnosis is essential whether it is for more adapted pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions.
  • #38 Primary Progressive Aphasia: Advances in Diagnosis, Prognosis, & Treatment – ASHA Journals Academy
    https://academy.pubs.asha.org/2015/11/primary-progressive-aphasia-advances-in-diagnosis-prognosis-treatment/
    The rate of decline varies widely across tasks and in individuals across all variants. But it might be predictable using this resting state functional connectivity MRI, particularly looking at the degree of connectivity in prefrontal cortex or other homologous regions. […] Language therapy seems to slow the rate of decline on some language tests and it might be augmented with TDCS.
  • #39
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11065-023-09607-1
    Of the 45 higher-quality studies, all reported improvement on a primary outcome measure for at least one participant. […] The majority of these studies also reported at least one participant with generalization and maintenance of treatment gains. […] This systematic review therefore supports the provision of behavioral treatment for speech and language for persons with PPA.
  • #40
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11065-023-09607-1
    Of the 45 higher-quality studies, all reported improvement on a primary outcome measure for at least one participant. […] The majority of these studies also reported at least one participant with generalization and maintenance of treatment gains. […] This systematic review therefore supports the provision of behavioral treatment for speech and language for persons with PPA.
  • #41 Survival in the Three Common Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Memory Clinic
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8466819/
    Knowledge on the natural history of the three main variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is lacking, particularly regarding mortality. […] Results showed that survival from symptom onset and diagnosis was significantly longer in svPPA than in lvPPA (p = 0.002) and nfvPPA (p 0.001). […] Mean survival from symptom onset was 7.6 years for lvPPA, 7.1 years for nfvPPA, and 12 years for svPPA. […] In conclusion, this pilot study found significant differences in survival between the three variants of PPA with svPPA showing the longest and nfvPPA showing more neurologically-related causes of death. […] The aim to the present pilot study was to analyze and compare survival data between the three PPAs variants and to describe causes of death. […] Mean and estimated median survival time in patients with svPPA were respectively 12 years and 10 years from onset to death and 7.3 years and 7.5 years from diagnosis to death.
  • #42 Primary Progressive Aphasia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
    https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/82030
    PPA is progressive, and no cure currently exists. Thus, patients eventually lose the ability to speak and understand both written and spoken language. Individuals with PPA are typically expected to have predominantly aphasic and apraxic symptoms initially. However, other cognitive and behavioral impairments develop as the disease progresses, usually no earlier than 8 to 12 years after initial symptom onset.[46] Individual prognostication is somewhat unreliable because of PPA’s heterogeneity. […] Most patients with PPA live for 3 to 12 years after diagnosis. The mean survival from symptom onset for svPPA is 12 years, nfvPPA is 7.1 years, and lvPPA is 7.6 years. The most frequent cause of death is aspiration pneumonia.[47]
  • #43 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The primary progressive aphasia (PPA) diagnosis trajectory is debated, as several changes in diagnosis occur during PPA course, due to phenotype evolution from isolated language alterations to global cognitive impairment. […] The survival duration is estimated between 10 and 15 years. […] Proper PPA diagnosis increases the opportunities of providing early appropriate clinical interventions, implementing coordinated care plans, managing symptoms, improving patient safety, cost savings and postponing institutionalization. […] The neurodegenerative diagnosis trajectory is still debated, as several changes in diagnosis occur during the course of PPA, due to phenotype evolution from isolated language alterations to global cognitive impairment with associated multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • #44 The course of primary progressive aphasia diagnosis: a cross-sectional study | Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy | Full Text
    https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-022-01007-6
    The delay between the first consultation for cognitive troubles and the first diagnosis that is significantly longer than in the AD group. […] The number of different diagnoses before the diagnosis of interest that is significantly higher in the PPA group than in the AD group. […] The percentage of patients with more than one diagnosis that was higher in the PPA group than in the AD group. […] To summarize, despite the evolution of the diagnostic criteria of primary progressive aphasia over time, their diagnostic still does not seem optimal. […] Our study shows also that PPA diagnosis is particularly important because it modifies pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. […] Indeed, the number of patients under pharmacological treatment increases of more than 50% after the diagnosis of PPA.
  • #45
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11065-023-09607-1
    Of the 45 higher-quality studies, all reported improvement on a primary outcome measure for at least one participant. […] The majority of these studies also reported at least one participant with generalization and maintenance of treatment gains. […] This systematic review therefore supports the provision of behavioral treatment for speech and language for persons with PPA.
  • #46 Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17387-primary-progressive-aphasia-ppa
    Primary progressive aphasia worsens over time. Many people with PPA eventually lose their language skills over many years, limiting their ability to communicate. […] Most people who have the condition live up to 12 years after their initial diagnosis. Eventually, many people need daily support with their usual activities. […] There isn’t a way to reverse primary progressive aphasia, but treatment may help you maintain communication skills for as long as possible.