Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Health Information Library | Rumah Sakit Pusat Pertamina

  https://rspp.co.id/dcontent.html?id=CON-20248518&n=Radiation%20enteritis

  Radiation enteritis is inflammation of the intestines that occurs after radiation therapy. Radiation enteritis causes diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and stomach cramps in people receiving radiation aimed at the abdomen, pelvis or rectum. It’s most common in people receiving radiation therapy for cancer in the abdomen and pelvic areas. […] For most people, radiation enteritis is temporary, with inflammation usually subsiding several weeks after treatment ends. But for some, radiation enteritis may continue long after radiation therapy ends or may develop months or years after treatment. […] The symptoms of radiation enteritis include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and stomach cramps. Symptoms occur because of irritation of the intestines from radiation therapy for cancer. Symptoms usually go away several weeks after treatment ends. But sometimes they last longer. Radiation enteritis that goes on for longer can cause anemia and bowel obstruction. […] Chronic radiation enteritis can cause complications such as anemia, diarrhea or bowel obstruction.

• #2 Radiation Enteritis: Treatment & Management

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22846-radiation-enteritis

  Radiation enteritis happens when radiation damages sensitive tissue in your intestines. It may occur during treatment or months after you’re finished. Some people experience mild symptoms, while others have long-lasting discomfort and complications. […] Symptoms may include: Abdominal pain and cramping. Bloated stomach. Diarrhea. Loss of appetite. Nausea and vomiting. Pain when you poop. Rectal bleeding or pain. Unintended weight loss. Urgent need to poop. […] People with acute radiation enteritis typically feel better within a few weeks. If you have chronic radiation enteritis, it can take several months.

• #3 Radiation enteritis

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20248518

  Radiation enteritis causes diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and stomach cramps in people receiving radiation aimed at the abdomen, pelvis or rectum. […] For most people, radiation enteritis is temporary, with inflammation usually subsiding several weeks after treatment ends. But for some, radiation enteritis may continue long after radiation therapy ends or may develop months or years after treatment. […] The symptoms of radiation enteritis include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and stomach cramps. Symptoms occur because of irritation of the intestines from radiation therapy for cancer. Symptoms usually go away several weeks after treatment ends. But sometimes they last longer. Radiation enteritis that goes on for longer can cause anemia and bowel obstruction. […] Radiation enteritis treatment usually involves managing symptoms until they go away. This condition causes irritation of the intestines after radiation therapy for cancer.

• #4 Radiation Enteritis: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/radiation-enteritis

  Radiation enteritis can cause the loss of both intestinal cells and tissue. […] Acute enteritis develops while you are getting radiation treatments. The condition will last until about eight weeks after your last radiation treatment. Chronic enteritis can cause symptoms that last for months to years after you complete your radiation treatment. […] Symptoms of enteritis include: nausea, vomiting, stomach cramping, frequent urges to use the bathroom, watery diarrhea, mucous discharge from the rectum, rectal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss, wave-like stomach pains. […] Most people are able to treat enteritis with dietary changes alone. However, if there is severe damage to your intestines, you may need intestinal bypass surgery. This is a surgical procedure where the damaged parts of your intestine are removed and the healthy parts are connected. This is relatively rare.

• #5 Radiation Enteritis – Symptoms, Causes And Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/radiation-enteritis/

  Radiation enteritis is usually temporary and the inflammation usually subsides eventually, after treatment ends. […] Cancer radiation therapy leads to inflammation in your small and large intestines during radiation for cancers of the abdomen and pelvis. Radiation enteritis can result in the loss of intestinal cells as well as tissues. […] Acute enteritis occurs when you are undergoing radiation therapy. The condition will continue for around eight weeks following the radiation session. Chronic enteritis can produce symptoms that continue for months or years after your radiation therapy is completed. […] Symptoms can vary depending on the portion of the bowel that has undergone radiation. These may occur during or shortly after or long after radiation treatment. Some of the symptoms are: Rectal bloating or passing mucus, Watery stools or diarrhea, Urge to defecate every now and then, Rectal pain, especially with intestinal motions, Appetite loss, Nausea and spasm of the abdomen.

• #6 Radiation Enteritis and Proctitis Clinical Presentation: History and Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197483-clinical

  Acute radiation enteritis occurs in almost all patients undergoing pelvic and abdominal radiation therapy (RT). The degree of symptom severity varies, with approximately 15-20% of patients requiring an altered course of therapy. The most common symptoms are as follows: Cramping abdominal pain, Tenesmus, Nausea, Vomiting, Anorexia, Diarrhea, Hematochezia, Fever. […] The clinical symptoms and findings of chronic radiation enteropathy may be difficult to attribute to prior RT. Clinical manifestations may appear after months or years of subclinical progression. Almost all patients who receive more than 1.5 Gy/day develop acute radiation enteritis, either while undergoing therapy or shortly after completing treatment. In 5-10% of patients, exposure of intestine to a total dose in excess of 50 Gy results in the development of severe chronic radiation enteritis.

• #7 Radiation Enteritis and Proctitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197483-overview

  Radiation therapy (RT) is a mainstay in the treatment of both primary and recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) and pelvic malignancies. One of the major and debilitating adverse effects of RT is the development of radiation enteritis and proctitis. Both radiation enteritis and radiation proctitis have acute (early) and chronic (late) manifestations. […] The direct effects of radiation on the bowel mucosa lead to acute radiation enteritis. Acute radiation enteritis is exceedingly common; virtually every patient has some manifestation of acute radiation-induced injury of the GI tract in the form of abdominal cramping, tenesmus, urgency, bleeding, diarrhea, and incontinence. Typically, these patients are managed symptomatically and supportively. The symptoms of most patients resolve within weeks of RT cessation.

• #8 Radiation Enteritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526032/

  Radiation enteritis can be acute or chronic. The chronic form usually develops between 3 months to 30 years after treatment. […] Diarrhea associated with or without pain is the most common symptom. Other symptoms are: abdominal pain, intestinal hemorrhage, intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, fistulas, malabsorption, rectal pain, and rectal bleeding secondary to ulceration. […] It is becoming more common with the advent of new treatment regimens for different cancers including radiotherapy. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, intestinal hemorrhage, intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, fistulas, malabsorption, rectal pain, and rectal bleeding secondary to ulceration are some of the common symptoms. […] Prognosis varies in different patients, and they should be followed regularly to observe for recurrence of malignancy.

• #9 Radiation Enteritis and Proctitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197483-overview

  Chronic radiation enteritis is an indolent but relentlessly progressive disease. Patients may present with symptoms within months or even decades after the injuring RT. Chronic intestinal radiation injury is a result of transmural bowel damage with associated obliterative endarteritis. […] Approximately 5-15% of patients who receive abdominal or pelvic RT develop pronounced chronic radiation enteritis. Up to 50% of patients with severe chronic radiation enteropathy require surgical intervention. In patients who receive postoperative RT, as many as 30-40% experience chronic diarrhea. More than 1 million patients in the United States may have bowel dysfunction related to RT. […] Surgical procedures on radiated intestine carry a morbidity of 12-65% and a mortality of 2-13%. The wide range reflects the diverse surgical procedures used to treat complications of radiation. […] Factors that adversely affect prognosis after surgery include intestinal leak, surgery for fistula or perforation, and progression of radiation-induced damage after the initial operation.

• #10 Research progress and treatment of radiation enteritis and gut microbiota

  https://www.e-roj.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.3857/roj.2023.00346

  Radiation enteritis is a kind of intestinal radiation injury in patients with pelvic and retroperitoneal malignancies after radiotherapy, and its occurrence and development process are very complicated. […] Acute radiation enteritis usually occurs during radiotherapy or within 3 months after the initiation of treatment, with the highest incidence being more than 75%, which occurs between weeks 4 and 5. It is usually associated with intestinal dysfunction, and the main clinical symptoms include diarrhea, mucous excretion, urgency of defecation, posterior tenseness and, in rare cases, bleeding. […] The onset of chronic radiation enteritis is relatively late, with the first symptoms generally appearing 914 months after radiation exposure, but it can also occur at any time up to 30 years after radiation exposure, with an incidence of approximately 2% to 20%. The symptoms of chronic radiation enteritis are similar to those of acute radiation enteritis, but the bleeding is often more severe.

• #11 Radiation Enteritis – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/gut-health/radiation-enteritis/

  Radiation enteritis is a condition where the small and/or large intestines get damaged due to radiation exposure. […] Radiation enteritis is fairly widespread, resulting in lasting changes in bowel habits for around 90% of people who undergo pelvic radiotherapy. […] Signs and symptoms of Radiation Enteritis include: – Diarrhea, which is the most common symptom and can occur with or without abdominal pain. – Abdominal pain. – Bleeding within the intestine. – Blockages in the intestine. – Tears or holes in the wall of the intestine. – Abnormal connections (fistulas) between different parts of the intestine or between the intestine and other organs. – Difficulty in absorbing nutrients from food (malabsorption). – Pain in the rectum. – Rectal bleeding due to sores (ulcers). […] The prognosis for Radiation Enteritis depends on several factors, including the dosage of radiation received, previous abdominal surgery, body mass index, existing health conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure, and undergoing chemotherapy at the same time. Statistics show that many patients who have surgery due to damage in their gut caused by radiation therapy pass away from their original cancer within a two-year period. However, when the cancer doesn’t return, the survival rate is about 70% five years after diagnosis.

• #12 Radiation Enteritis | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/117441/1.0/Radiation_Enteritis

  Radiation enteritis (RE) is an inflammatory injury to the large and small intestines resulting from radiation therapy (RT). […] Acute RE develops within hours to days of RT. It usually resolves within 2 to 6 weeks after the last treatment. […] Chronic RE may occur as early as 2 months post-RT or as late as 30 years post-RT. […] Chronic RE is usually progressive with potentially significant long-term morbidity and mortality. […] Acute RE occurs in 60-80% of patients receiving intra-abdominal/pelvic RT. […] Chronic RE occurs in 20% of patients receiving pelvic RT for gynecologic/urologic tumors. […] The cytotoxic effects of RT suppress the Na+/K+ pump in rapidly dividing intestinal epithelial cells. A relative lactose intolerance ensues, and intestinal motility is affected. This causes mucosal atrophy and inflammation leading to fluid and nutrient loss and translocation of gut bacteria with subsequent bacterial overgrowth. […] Chronic RE: Progressive obliterative endarteritis (an occlusive vasculitis) causes tissue ischemia, leading to submucosal fibrosis and worsening ischemia.

• #13 Research progress and treatment of radiation enteritis and gut microbiota

  https://www.e-roj.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.3857/roj.2023.00346

  The basic pathological changes include two aspects: intestinal mucosal injury caused by radiation and vascular connective tissue injury caused by radiation vascular endothelial cells. […] The clinical manifestations mainly include abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, constipation, and bloody stools with mucous. […] In summary, the study mentioned above shows that the gut microbiota of the patients with radiation enteritis changes significantly in terms of composition and diversity. In the gut microbiota of the patients with radiation enteritis, the abundance of bacteria belonging to Actinomyces and Proteobacteria increased, and most of these bacteria are conditional pathogenic bacteria. The number of beneficial bacteria (such as Lactobacillus) from Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased significantly. The decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria will promote the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens and promote the release of endotoxins, thus aggravating the intestinal inflammatory response, inducing damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier, and aggravating the disease of patients.

• #14 Radiation enteropathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_enteropathy

  Radiation enteropathy is a syndrome that may develop following abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy for cancer. Many affected people are cancer survivors who had treatment for cervical cancer or prostate cancer. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and malaise. Gastrointestinal symptoms are often found together with those in other systems including genitourinary disorders and sexual dysfunction. The burden of symptoms substantially impairs the patients’ quality of life. Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and diarrhea may happen early during the course of radiotherapy. Radiation enteropathy represents the longer-term, chronic effects that may be found after a latent period most commonly of 6 months to 3 years after the end of treatment. In some cases, it does not become a problem for 20-30 years after successful curative therapy. Early radiation enteropathy is very common during or immediately after the course of radiotherapy. This involves cell death, mucosal inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction. This injury is termed mucositis and results in symptoms of nausea, vomiting, fatigue, diarrhea and abdominal pain. The delayed effects, found 3 months or more after radiation therapy, produce pathology which includes intestinal epithelial mucosal atrophy, vascular sclerosis, and progressive fibrosis of the intestinal wall, among other changes in intestinal neuroendocrine and immune cells and in the gut microbiota. These changes may produce dysmotility, strictures, malabsorption and bleeding. Problems in the terminal ileum and rectum predominate.

• #15 Enteritis: Causes, Prevention, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/enteritis-5218257

  Inflammation of the small intestine is called enteritis. Symptoms can include pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and blood in the stool. […] Radiation treatment for cancers that occur in the pelvis, abdomen, or colon may cause radiation enteritis. This is usually an acute (short-term) issue, but it can become a chronic (long-term) problem. […] The symptoms of acute enteritis can include: Abdominal pain, Bloating, Diarrhea (sometimes with blood or mucus), Fatigue, Nausea, Urgency. […] If radiation enteritis becomes chronic, it could also lead to signs and symptoms of: Bowel obstructions (blockages in the intestine), Chronic abdominal pain, Malabsorption (poor absorption of nutrients from food), Bowel perforations (holes in the intestines), Weight loss. […] For those who have radiation treatment in the abdomen or pelvis, up to 90% will experience a change in their bowel habits. It’s estimated that about 15% will have chronic issues.

• #16 Definition of radiation enteritis – NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms – NCIFacebookFollow on XInstagramYoutubeLinkedin

  https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/radiation-enteritis

  Inflammation of the small intestine caused by radiation therapy to the abdomen, pelvis, or rectum. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramping, frequent bowel movements, watery or bloody diarrhea, fatty stools, and weight loss. Some of these symptoms may continue for a long time.

• #17 Radiation Enteritis – DoveMed

  https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/radiation-enteritis

  Radiation Enteritis is a medical condition which is characterized by damage to the lining of the intestine. In this condition, there is damage of both the intestinal cells and tissues. The condition is mainly characterized by the onset of diarrhea which may contain blood, nausea, weight loss, and abdominal pain. The signs and symptoms of Radiation Enteritis depend on what part of the intestine received the radiation. The symptoms may be acute (occurring immediately following radiation therapy) or chronic (symptoms that appear long after the treatment has stopped and which also persist for a long period). Acute symptoms of Radiation Enteritis include: Changes in bowel movements that include: Bleeding from the rectum, Diarrhea or watery stools, Constant feeling of a need for bowel movement, Pain in the rectal area, especially during bowel movement. Chronic symptoms of Radiation Enteritis include: Abdominal pain, Diarrhea accompanied by blood, Greasy or fatty stools, Loss of weight. The prognosis for Radiation Enteritis is very good when the symptoms are acute. In most of the cases, the symptoms improve within 2-3 months after radiation therapy is completed. Chronic Radiation Enteritis is difficult to treat and is rarely curable.

• #18 Enteritis and cancer | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/health-and-medicine/enteritis-and-cancer

  Symptoms of acute radiation enteritis usually continue two to three weeks after radiation therapy has finished. Within two to three months, symptoms usually disappear completely, and the cells lining the intestine return to normal. However, in some cases, symptoms may be delayed and appear months afterward. In chronic radiation enteritis, the cells lining the intestinal wall are permanently damaged, and symptoms continue indefinitely, although treatment may help to control them. Nutritional counseling and a modified diet can help reduce some symptoms of the disorder.

• #18 Enteritis and cancer | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/health-and-medicine/enteritis-and-cancer

  Symptoms of enteritis may include abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and in chronic cases, weight loss and nutritional deficiencies. […] Many symptoms of acute and chronic radiation enteritis are similar. They include crampy abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, watery or bloody diarrhea, mucous discharge, and bleeding from the rectum. Individuals with chronic enteritis also lose weight, have vitamin deficiencies, and pass loose, fatty, or greasy stools. Occasionally, with chronic enteritis, the intestine may become obstructed or a perforation (hole) may develop. […] In acute radiation enteritis, the changes to the cells are reversible, and the condition usually clears up a month or two after radiation therapy stops. In chronic radiation enteritis, the cellular damage continues. Symptoms usually improve for a time, but they recur between six and eighteen months after radiation therapy has been completed. Damage to the intestinal lining in chronic radiation enteritis is permanent, and symptoms are difficult to control.

• #19 Radiation proctitis: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/radiation-proctitis-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-management

  Radiation proctitis is inflammation of the rectum that occurs as a result of acute damage to the rectum sustained from pelvic radiation. […] Chronic radiation injury may occur as a continuation of acute radiation proctitis or have a delayed onset (from 9 to 14 months following radiation exposure to 30 years after exposure). […] The reported incidence of chronic radiation injury ranges from 2 to 20 percent. […] Risk factors for radiation proctitis include the dose of radiation, area of exposure, and method of delivery. Doses of radiation <45 Gy are associated with few long-term radiation side effects. In contrast, doses between 45 and 70 Gy cause more complications, and doses above 70 Gy cause significant and longstanding injury to the surrounding area.

• #20 Chronic Radiation Enteritis and Long-Term Disability Claims

  https://www.nickortizlaw.com/practice-areas/long-term-disability-insurance-erisa-lawyer/medical-conditions/chronic-radiation-enteritis/

  Chronic radiation enteritis is usually defined as a person experiencing symptoms for six months or longer. Symptoms can include: Nausea; Vomiting; Stomach cramping; Frequent urges to use the bathroom; Watery diarrhea; Mucous discharge from the rectum; Rectal pain; Rectal bleeding; Weight loss; Wave-like stomach pains; and Malnutrition. […] Chronic radiation enteritis can cause significant life disruptions. Patients suffering from chronic radiation enteritis usually cannot continue to work full-time due to the frequency and length of bathroom breaks. Pain is also a factor that can prevent patients from being able to perform job duties. Symptoms can be very unpredictable at times. This often makes a consistent work schedule impossible.

• #21 HIE Multimedia – Radiation enteritis

  https://adamcertificationdemo.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=117&isarticlelink=false&pid=1&gid=000300

  Radiation enteritis is damage to the lining of the intestines (bowels) caused by radiation therapy, which is used for some types of cancer treatment. […] Symptoms may vary, depending on which part of the intestines received the radiation. Symptoms can be worse if: […] Symptoms may occur during, shortly after, or long after radiation treatment. […] Changes in bowel movements may include: […] Other symptoms can include: […] Most of the time, these symptoms get better within 2 to 3 months after radiation treatment ends. However, the condition may occur months or years after radiation therapy. […] When symptoms become long-term (chronic), other problems may include: […] When the abdomen receives radiation, there is always some nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In most cases, the symptoms get better within 2 to 3 months after treatment ends. […] However, when this condition develops, symptoms may last for a long period of time. Long-term (chronic) enteritis is rarely curable.

• #22 radiation enteritis – All health – Medical Reference Library and Symptom Finder

  http://www.allhealth.com.au/html/s02_article/article_view.asp?keyword=radiation-enteritis

  Radiation enteritis is a complication of radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis. Acute symptoms of radiation enteritis occur during and right after radiation therapy to any cancer of the abdomen or pelvis. They include: nausea with vomiting, cramping pain, watery diarrhoea. These symptoms may worsen even after the radiation is completed. Chronic symptoms occur many months or years after treatment. They include: diarrhoea, cramping pain, severe weight loss, loss of appetite. Sometimes an intestinal obstruction will form that will cause severe nausea and vomiting. A fistula, or abnormal opening from one part of the bowel to another organ, may also occur. Acute radiation enteritis usually resolves without lasting effects. Chronic radiation enteritis occurring many years after treatment is harder to treat. If it is not severe, the problems can be managed with changes in diet and other interventions. Diarrhoea is likely to be a long-term problem.

• #23 Radiation Enteritis and Proctocolitis – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/radiation-enteritis-and-proctocolitis/

  Radiation enteritis is categorized as acute and chronic. Acute injury occurs during radiotherapy and may last up to 6 months, whereas chronic injury occurs after 3 months and may even present 50 years after radiation was administered. […] Symptoms of radiation enteritis are nonspecific, and the differential diagnosis is broad. The timing of the symptoms suggests the diagnosis. Acute enteritis is generally an abrupt illness with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding. Chronic enteritis is more gradual onset of initially vague abdominal pain or discomfort, constipation, and nausea. Patients with acute enteritis usually have tenderness upon abdominal palpation as a result of the active inflammation, whereas persons with chronic enteritis usually do not have tenderness.

• #24 Quality evaluation of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of radiation enteritis | Radiation Oncology | Full Text

  https://ro-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13014-023-02204-9

  Radiation enteritis refers to the intestinal radiation damage caused by radiotherapy in patients with pelvic malignancies such as bladder cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and rectal cancer. According to the onset time, course and location of the disease, it can be divided into acute radiation enteritis, acute radiation proctitis, chronic radiation enteritis, and chronic radiation proctitis. […] The recommendations for hemorrhagic endoscopic treatment are mature and mainly include (I) argon plasma coagulation; (II) formalin treatment; (III) bipolar electrocoagulation; (IV) heater probe; (V) radiofrequency ablation; and (VI) cryoablation. […] Patients with chronic radioactive rectal injury have prolonged and repeated symptoms and are prone to late serious complications, such as massive gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, obstruction, and intestinal fistula, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients and bring great challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

• #25 radiation enteritis

  https://www.aboutcancer.com/radiation_enteritis_utd_807.htm

  Chronic radiation enteritis is a complication of radiation therapy for cancer, most commonly for rectal, prostate and pelvic malignancies. It can affect both the large and small intestine, is often progressive, and may lead to a variety of clinical consequences (such as diarrhea, nausea, weight loss, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, and perforation) depending upon the extent of the injury. It usually develops six or more months after radiation therapy (mean approximately 5 years, range two months to as long as 30 years). […] The classical features of radiation enteritis are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Patients with severe disease may develop intermittent, partial, or complete small bowel obstruction. […] Chronic radiation enteritis may lead to a variety of clinical consequences (such as diarrhea, nausea, weight loss, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction and perforation) depending upon the extent of the injury. It usually develops six or more months after radiation therapy (mean approximately 5 years, range two months to as long as 30 years). […] Prognosis is variable since the disease is progressive. Early mortality is usually due to cancer recurrence. Five-year survival is approximately 70 percent in those without cancer recurrence, although many patients continue to have troubling digestive symptoms for the remainder of their lives.

• #26 Radiation Proctitis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/radiation-proctitis

  Radiation proctitis is inflammation in your rectum that develops after radiation therapy. Symptoms generally affect your bathroom habits, including diarrhea, sudden urges to poop and rectal bleeding. But they can be more severe and last a long time. […] Acute radiation proctitis symptoms are generally milder. They may include: Diarrhea, which may be bloody, Nausea and vomiting, Abdominal cramping, A strong, sudden need to poop (rectal or fecal urgency), Frequent urge to poop but you cant go (tenesmus), Mild rectal bleeding, Mucus-like discharge from your anus (mucoid discharge). […] Chronic radiation proctitis symptoms are often the same as acute radiation proctitis symptoms. But they may last longer and be more severe than acute radiation proctitis symptoms. They may also include: Narrowing of your rectum (rectal stricture), Sores (ulcers) in your rectum, An opening or tunnel that develops between two body parts that dont usually connect (fistula).

• #27 Radiation Enteritis – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/radiation-enteritis/

  CRE accounts for the major morbidity of IR. […] Intestinal failure can be due to malabsorption secondary to anatomic SBS or functional SBS secondary to mucosal damage. Anatomic SBS is secondary to surgical resection or fistula that can bypass segments of small bowel. Functional SBS is characterized by mucosal damage in the setting of adequate small bowel length. Intestinal failure secondary to CRE has a worse prognosis (approximately 70% survival rate at 5 years) compared with other causes of SBS.

• #28 Chronic Radiation Enteritis — Cancer Survivors Network

  https://csn.cancer.org/discussion/250817/chronic-radiation-enteritis

  I finished treatment (radiation and chemo) in May 2011 for anal cancer. I had acute radiation enteritis while I was going thru treatment, and now 11/2 years later I have been diagnosed with chronic radiation enteritis after having many bouts of bowel obstruction. The last bout landed me in the hospital for three days this past week. The obstruction cleared itself, and I am home but very scared of having another bout – extreme pain, vomiting, etc. […] I have had so many episodes now, that I know when one is coming. I have indigestion, pain in my belly and then I start vomiting and when the blockage eases, I start to pass large amounts of stool that was behind the obstruction. All of this takes about nine to ten hours to run its course. […] What we found out after many years is that Chronic Radiation Enteritis is not curable, but manageable. Obstructions are always a threat, so low fibre is the way to go.

• #29 Chronic Radiation Enteritis — Cancer Survivors Network

  https://csn.cancer.org/discussion/250817/chronic-radiation-enteritis

  I have been told that this is Radiation Enteritis caused by the radiation treatments to my abdominal area. These bouts of radiation enteritis are very painful, even childbirth did not hurt this bad. The enteritis may be incurable but I am constantly searching for ways to avoid, battle, ease, well just basically find a way to deal with it. […] I also have a parastomal hernia and this month I get that fixed in hopes that this will help ease things. Then I have agreed to try a medication called Trental (Pentoxifylline) that has been said to help soften the scar tissue in the intestines. […] From the symptoms you describe, it sounds just like what I experienced when I had an intestinal blockage 3 weeks ago. It was the most pain I’d ever had in my abdominal area. It is nothing to take lightly and your daughter’s doctors should be investigating this more thoroughly. […] If she is, indeed, suffering from intestinal blockage, it is very painful. I hope she can get a proper diagnosis ASAP.

• #30 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/cancer/comments/pkns9l/chronic_radiation_enteritis_what_is_your/

  Dad is suffering severe radiation damage. Constant unbearable abdominal pain, diarrhea which has forced us to keep him in the hospital to replenish fluids at least 2 weeks out of the month for the last 3 months. […] They do believe there are limitations to what they can do if the intestines are damaged. […] The radiation enteritis is just plainly horrible and furthers suffering.

• #31 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/CervicalCancer/comments/19cjx5f/drs_really_downplayed_pelvic_radiation_side/

  Venting as Im in between stomach cramps and running to the toilet when I was told I would experience cramps and/or diarrhea from these 25 rounds of pelvic radiation, I figured the Imodium on deck would suffice. […] I still have almost 3 weeks of radiation left, and Im finding if I take Imodium all day long, then Im constipated for about 48 hours after, especially as Im still doing a low dose chemo once a week… but if I dont take anything, pretty much nothing I eat or drink stays inside me, its literally unreal, and sorry to be gross but its like things are just pouring out of me. And the dehydration is awful. […] Is this normal for pelvic radiation? My doctors sure act like it is, but I honestly cant fathom how Im going to get through 3 more weeks of this.

• #32 Severe pain: I have been living with… – Pelvic Radiation …

  https://healthunlocked.com/prda/posts/149032643/severe-pain

  I have been living with pelvic radiation disease, specifically radiation enteritis and radiation cystitis for many, many years. However, the flare ups I have are becoming more frequent (3 already in January) and increasingly difficult to get over. My symptoms start with severe abdominal pain at which point I have to go to bed. I then begin to vomit uncontrollably for anything up to 12 hours at a time. This is accompanied by severe diarrhoea. I shake badly and go between sweating profusely to being freezing cold. […] I have had so many scans I’ve lost count. I too have scar tissue and a stricture which causes small bowel obstruction. I have eliminated many foods from my diet. I do not eat wheat/gluten, seldom eat vegetables/fruit etc but these episodes keep coming and seem to be getting more frequent. I have been prescribed morphine for the pain but even this is not effective.

• #33 Managing long term radiation enteritis – Macmillan Online Community

  https://community.macmillan.org.uk/cancer_experiences/life-after-cancer-forum/f/moving_on___post_treatment-forum/226074/managing-long-term-radiation-enteritis

  I got the acute diarrhoea during the last few weeks of radiation, which cleared up gradually after treatment finished. […] However, over the last few years the symptoms of radiation enteritis have developed and seem to be getting worse. […] In my case it manifests as acute diarrhoea, every day, most mornings involving 4 or 5 urgent trips to the loo until I feel like I have had some sort of violent and total colonic irrigation!! […] I am now on a special diet. The list of foods you are allowed to have and there is also a list of foods to avoid is comprehensive. […] I finished treatment 10 years ago and the symptoms have been creeping up on me over the last few years.

• #34 Radiation enteritis – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/radiation-enteritis/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20355412

  Radiation enteritis often is temporary. Your symptoms may subside in the weeks after your treatment ends. During this time, treatments may help relieve your symptoms. If radiation enteritis persists, other treatments may be recommended. […] If you experience symptoms of radiation enteritis, your health care provider may recommend: Anti-diarrheal medications, Dietary changes, such as reducing your intake of dairy products, fatty foods and high-fiber foods, Pain medications to relieve pain of inflammation. […] Radiation enteritis that persists after treatment or that develops months or years after treatment is called chronic radiation enteritis. Treatment for chronic radiation enteritis is similar to treatments used for temporary radiation enteritis but may also include: Nutritional support. Inflammation in your small intestine may reduce your body’s ability to absorb nutrients from the foods you eat. Nutritional support in the form of tube feeding (home enteral nutrition) or infusions of nutrients into a vein (home parenteral nutrition) may help make sure you get the energy and nutrients you need. […] Mayo Clinic experts have extensive experience diagnosing and treating radiation enteritis. Each year, nearly 100 people with radiation enteritis receive care at Mayo Clinic.

• #35 Enteritis: Causes, Prevention, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/enteritis-5218257

  Treatment for radiation enteritis is usually focused on the symptoms. Diarrhea might be treated with antidiarrheal medications. Fluids and nutrition may be given through intravenous (IV) lines in the case of dehydration or malnutrition. Other types of medications such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, or steroids might also be used.

• #36 Bowel obstruction secondary to radiation enteritis: A case report | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-bowel-obstruction-secondary-radiation-enteritis-articulo-S2255534X1500016X

  Some of the conservative treatment modalities of intestinal lesions due to radiation are the administration of topical anti-inflammatory agents, such as mesalazine or steroids (budesonide), glutamine, or the endoscopic application of formalin (in the large bowel) when there is bleeding. […] And finally, surgery should be evaluated in patients with complications from chronic radiation enteritis, given that it is related to a high morbidity rate, prolonged hospital stay, and the possibility of reoperation.

• #37 Quality evaluation of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of radiation enteritis | Radiation Oncology | Full Text

  https://ro-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13014-023-02204-9

  The high consistency of the recommendations was due to the argon ion coagulation technique (argon local use of 4% or 10% formalin has not been proven to have better efficacy). Other treatments, such as radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation, also need more experimental data to prove their safety and efficacy.

• #38 Neural block therapy for radiation enteritis: a case report | JA Clinical Reports | Full Text

  https://jaclinicalreports.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40981-019-0239-9

  In conclusion, in this case of paralytic ileus caused by radiation enteritis, a splanchnic nerve block and a mesenteric arterial block were performed for analgesic purposes and to release the ileus. Sympathetic nerve blocks for abdominal organs may offer one of the few treatments for radiation enteritis.

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