Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Duct ectasia | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/breast-lumps-and-benign-not-cancer-breast-conditions/duct-ectasia

  Duct ectasia is a benign (not cancer) breast condition. Its caused by normal breast changes that happen with age. Duct ectasia affects the breast ducts, the tubes that carry milk to the nipple. As a woman gets nearer to the menopause and the breasts age (from 35 years onwards) the ducts behind the nipple shorten and widen. This is called duct ectasia. Sometimes a fluid is produced that can collect in the widened ducts. It can affect one or both breasts. Although its more common in women approaching the menopause, duct ectasia can affect women of any age. Men can also get duct ectasia, but this is very rare. […] Often, duct ectasia does not cause any symptoms but you may notice one or more the following: Discharge from the nipple usually thick but sometimes watery and may be brown, green or bloodstained […] Breast pain, although this is not common […] A lump felt behind the nipple this could mean the tissue behind the nipple has become infected or scarred […] The nipple can be red or tender […] The nipple is pulled inwards (inverted) this could be because the ducts have shortened.

• #2 Mammary Duct Ectasia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17949-mammary-duct-ectasia

  Mammary duct ectasia is a breast condition that affects people approaching menopause. For many with this condition, mammary duct ectasia resolves without any treatment. […] Mammary duct ectasia results from inflammation (swelling). This inflammation causes a milk duct within your breast to widen and thicken. As inflammation worsens, milk ducts become blocked, and fluid builds up behind the blockage. […] Some people have no symptoms of duct ectasia. In those who do, the most common symptoms are: Breast tenderness. Thick or sticky nipple discharge that may be green, black or tinged with blood. Redness on the skin of your breast. Inverted nipple (nipple turning inward). A lump behind your nipple. […] Mammary duct ectasia may cause lumps to form in your breast just behind your nipple. Lumps develop because of scar tissue that forms around inflamed milk ducts. The lump may be confused with breast cancer, but it isn’t cancer.

• #3 What is Mammary Duct Ectasia? | Breast Care Center Miami

  https://www.toplinemd.com/breast-care-center-of-miami/blog/what-is-mammary-duct-ectasia/

  Mammary duct ectasia, often referred to simply as duct ectasia, is a frequently misunderstood and usually overlooked condition that primarily afflicts mature women, typically around the time of menopause. […] Disconcerting symptoms such as chronic nipple discharge, which can be clear or colored, and nipple retraction, where the nipple unusually turns inward, are commonly associated with it. […] While many women with mammary duct ectasia may not experience noticeable symptoms, some individuals commonly report discomfort and abnormal changes in their breasts. Dilated milk ducts and ductal inflammation are generally associated with symptoms such as nipple discharge, which may be clear, white, green, or black. […] The most commonly reported symptoms associated with this ectasia breast condition are: Chronic nipple discharge, Nipple retraction, Breast inflammation, Tender or sore breast lump beneath the nipple, occasionally leading to abscesses.

• #4 Duct Ectasia of the Breast | Mammary Duct Ectasia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/duct-ectasia.html

  Duct ectasia, also known as mammary duct ectasia, is a benign (non-cancerous) breast condition that occurs when a milk duct in the breast widens and its walls thicken. This can cause the duct to become blocked and lead to fluid build-up. Its more common in women who are getting close to menopause. But it can happen at other ages, too. […] Often, this condition causes no symptoms and is found when a biopsy (removal of small pieces of breast tissue to be checked with a microscope) is done for another breast problem. […] Less often, duct ectasia may cause a nipple discharge, which is often sticky and thick. The nipple and nearby breast tissue may be tender and red, and the nipple may be pulled inward. Sometimes scar tissue around the abnormal duct causes a hard lump that may be confused with cancer. […] Duct ectasia does not increase your risk for breast cancer. […] Duct ectasia that is causing symptoms sometimes gets better without treatment. Warm compresses and antibiotics may be used in some cases. If the symptoms don’t go away, the abnormal duct might need to be surgically removed.

• #5 Mammary duct ectasia | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20374787/

  When you notice a change in your breast, you may worry that it’s a sign of breast cancer, especially if you develop a hard lump around the nipple or areola. Having a history of mammary duct ectasia doesn’t increase your risk of breast cancer. Still, it’s important to see your doctor promptly anytime you notice breast changes.

• #6 Mammary duct ectasia | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/mammary-duct-ectasia

  Mammary duct ectasia often doesn’t cause any signs or symptoms, but some people experience: […] A dirty white, greenish or black nipple discharge from one or both nipples […] Tenderness in the nipple or surrounding breast tissue (areola) […] Redness of the nipple and areolar tissue […] A breast lump or thickening near the clogged duct […] A nipple that’s turned inward (inverted). […] A bacterial infection called mastitis also may develop in the affected milk duct, causing breast tenderness, inflammation in the area around the nipple (areola) and fever. […] Signs and symptoms of mammary duct ectasia may improve on their own.

• #7 Mammary Duct Ectasia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557665/

  Mammary duct ectasia is a benign, non-proliferative breast disease. It affects the large duct system. The exact cause is still unknown, but it may be considered a developmental aging process characterized by elongated, convoluted, weakened duct wall that presents with nipple discharge or palpable mass. […] The patient commonly presents with intermittent nipple discharge of varying colors (ranging from white to green/black to grey), as well as pain and tenderness of the nipple and areola. Other symptoms can include an inverted nipple or a palpable breast „lump,” though, in many instances, MDE is asymptomatic. […] The nipple discharge in MDE is variable, ranging from thick to thin, serous, dirty white, yellow, or green, and may fluctuate. It is usually unilateral, emanating from a single duct, though bilateral cases have been reported.

• #8 Mammary Duct Ectasia: How Does it Impact Your Health?

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-is-mammary-duct-ectasia

  Mammary duct ectasia may also simply be called duct ectasia. It is a benign breast condition caused by a milk duct widening and the surrounding skin thickening. This can lead to your milk duct becoming blocked, leading to fluid build-up. It can appear like a whitehead on your nipple. […] Mammary duct ectasia happens when a single milk duct or several milk ducts under your nipple grow wider. As the surrounding skin thickens, your duct may fill with a thick, pus-like fluid. The substance may lead to blocking or clogging that is tender, painful, and swollen. You may have a whitehead on your nipple or unexplained nipple discharge. […] When you have mammary duct ectasia, you may not exhibit any symptoms. If you do, they can include: Thick discharge that can range from white to green or black it may come from one or both nipples, depending how many ducts are clogged; Tender nipples and areola that are sensitive to touch even if you dont have pain; Redness near the sight of the clogged duct; A lump that you can feel under your skin; Thickening of your outer skin at the sight; Inverted nipple near the duct; A breast infection called mastitis. […] Usually, these symptoms go away on their own. However, if you suspect that you have an infection, talk to your doctor. This is especially important if: The redness is persistent; Your pain is worsening; You have a fever; Your breast is swelling; Any of the symptoms are spreading.

• #9 Green liquid comes out of my nipples – Mammary duct ectasia

  https://blog.lactapp.es/en/green-liquid-comes-out-of-my-nipples-mammary-duct-ectasia/

  But the most important thing is that this substance should not come out spontaneously; it should appear only when you squeeze your nipple. […] If a liquid comes out spontaneously or is red, it is always best to immediately get medical advice from a gynecologist. […] Mammary duct ectasia is a benign process of the breast that usually does not require treatment. […] A common question is whether this issue is related to breast cancer. The answer is no; breast duct ectasia does not increase the risk of breast cancer. […] Whenever you notice any changes in your breasts, in your nipple, or have any nipple discharge, it is recommended that you always talk to your healthcare professional, such as a gynecologist or mastologist, to verify that it is indeed a benign process.

• #10 Mammary duct ectasia – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mammary-duct-ectasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20374801?_escaped_fragment_=&p=1

  Mammary duct ectasia often doesn’t cause any signs or symptoms, but some people experience: […] A bacterial infection called mastitis also may develop in the affected milk duct, causing breast tenderness, inflammation in the area around the nipple (areola) and fever. […] Signs and symptoms of mammary duct ectasia may improve on their own. […] Make an appointment with your doctor if you notice changes in your breasts such as a new breast lump, spontaneous nipple discharge, skin redness or inflammation, or an inverted nipple that are persistent or that worry you. […] Mammary duct ectasia can cause redness, swelling and tenderness around your nipples. […] An inflammatory infection (periductal mastitis) may develop in the affected milk duct, sometimes causing pain in or around the nipple, a general feeling of illness or a fever. Persistent redness and worsening pain could be a sign of a bacterial infection and can lead to an abscess a collection of pus in your breast tissue which may require a procedure to drain it.

• #11 Mammary duct ectasia // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/mammary-duct-ectasia

  Mammary duct ectasia often doesn’t cause any signs or symptoms, but some people experience: […] A dirty white, greenish or black nipple discharge from one or both nipples […] Tenderness in the nipple or surrounding breast tissue (areola) […] Redness of the nipple and areolar tissue […] A breast lump or thickening near the clogged duct […] A nipple that’s turned inward (inverted). […] Signs and symptoms of mammary duct ectasia may improve on their own. […] Complications of mammary duct ectasia are usually minor and often more bothersome than serious. These may include: […] Nipple discharge caused by mammary duct ectasia can be frustrating. […] Breast discomfort. Mammary duct ectasia can cause redness, swelling and tenderness around your nipples. […] An inflammatory infection (periductal mastitis) may develop in the affected milk duct, sometimes causing pain in or around the nipple, a general feeling of illness or a fever.

• #12

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/duct-ectasia

  Symptoms of duct ectasia include: […] Tenderness and redness in the nipple and surrounding breast tissue. […] Thickening near the clogged duct. […] Inverted nipple. […] Breast discomfort.

• #13 Mammary Duct Ectasia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557665/

  With repeated episodes of infection or with scarring from previous treatments or drainage attempts, more fibrosis is formed in the nipple-areola complex, which can potentially lead to nipple distortion or retraction. New-onset nipple retraction is a sign that must be investigated intensively, especially in a previously unknown patient. […] The prognosis is generally good since it is a benign disease that does not pose any increased risk of malignancy. Although the severity of the disease is variable, the cure can occur spontaneously with no specific treatment; at the other extreme, patients with a severe course of the disease may require medical or surgical therapies.

• #14 Mammary Duct Ectasia – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/mammary-duct-ectasia/

  MDE can sometimes result in small tender masses around the nipple with redness due to filled and dilated ducts. When physicians press on these masses, they may observe a discharge from one duct opening. In severe cases, this could cause the nipple to invert. If it gets infected, it could result in a subareolar infection or abscess and this may get confused with other conditions such periductal mastitis or inflammatory carcinoma. In such cases, its usually effective to follow a closely-monitored antibiotic regimen. […] If infections recur or there’s scarring from previous treatments, more fibrosis forms in the nipple-areola complex, potentially causing nipple distortion or retraction. Newly appearing nipple retraction is often thoroughly investigated, especially in patients with no prior medical history. Also, in case malignancy is suspected, a biopsy should be done to rule out carcinoma.

• #15 Duct ectasia | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/breast-lumps-and-benign-not-cancer-breast-conditions/duct-ectasia

  Most cases of duct ectasia dont need any treatment or follow-up. Duct ectasia is a normal part of ageing, and any symptoms will usually clear up by themselves. If you continue to have discharge from the nipple without squeezing, you may be offered an operation to remove the affected duct or ducts. This operation is usually successful. However, sometimes finding all the ducts can be difficult, and your symptoms may return. If this happens you may need further surgery to remove more ducts. […] Having duct ectasia does not increase your risk of developing breast cancer in the future. It’s important to go back to your GP if you notice any changes in your breasts, no matter how soon after your diagnosis of duct ectasia.

• #16 Mammary Duct Ectasia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17949-mammary-duct-ectasia

  Not everyone experiences nipple or breast pain from mammary duct ectasia it’s rare to have pain. More common symptoms that you may feel are tenderness, soreness or a lump behind your nipple. […] Some people with mammary duct ectasia have a thick, gooey nipple discharge. This isn’t always the case. Others notice a red spot or a change in their nipple (like their nipple turns suddenly turning inward). […] Mammary duct ectasia often resolves on its own with no treatment. […] If a bacterial infection causes your condition, your provider will prescribe antibiotic medications. […] If left untreated, a bacterial infection in your milk duct may cause more widespread infection and tissue damage. […] Yes. For some people, mammary duct ectasia goes away without treatment or with at-home treatment like a warm compress. […] Most people recover from mammary duct ectasia without treatment. If you require medical treatment, your recovery should be uncomplicated. Surgery is rarely needed.

• #17 Mammary duct ectasia: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and home remedies

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325672

  Mammary duct ectasia does not always cause symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they can include: a green-brown discharge from the nipple […] nipple inversion, which is when the nipple turns inward […] pain or tenderness around the clogged duct […] skin reddening over the affected duct […] swelling around the nipple. If an infection develops in the milk duct, it may cause additional signs and symptoms. Doctors refer to this infection as mastitis, and its symptoms include: fever […] intense pain […] malaise, or generally feeling unwell […] skin redness, which may be in the shape of a wedge […] swelling of the breast […] warm skin around the site of the infection. Mammary duct ectasia occurs when a milk duct becomes blocked and clogs up with fluid. It is not a serious condition and does not increase a persons risk of breast cancer. However, it may cause discomfort and can sometimes lead to an infection that requires treatment. The symptoms of mammary duct ectasia can be similar to some of those of breast cancer, so it is important for people to see a doctor for a breast examination. It is also best to see a doctor if symptoms do not improve with home treatments.

• #18 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Mammary duct ectasia | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20374787

  An inflammatory infection (periductal mastitis) may develop in the affected milk duct, sometimes causing pain in or around the nipple, a general feeling of illness or a fever. Persistent redness and worsening pain could be a sign of a bacterial infection and can lead to an abscess a collection of pus in your breast tissue which may require a procedure to drain it.

• #19

  https://journals.lww.com/eccm/fulltext/2023/03000/duct_ectasia_of_bilateral_accessory_breast.8.aspx

  Mammary duct ectasia is an acute or chronic inflammatory breast disease that occurs mainly in nonlactating women. It rarely occurs in the accessory breast. The long course and complex clinical manifestations of this disease in some patients make it easy to misdiagnose. […] The disease is more common in nonlactating women aged 30 to 40 years and often presents with inflammatory breast masses, breast pain, and nipple discharge. Granulomas, abscesses, fat necrosis, skin ulcerations, and fistulas may develop as the disease progresses. According to different clinicopathological features, it can be divided into 4 stages: duct dilatation, inflammation, abscess, and fistula. […] Mammary duct ectasia rarely heals spontaneously and tends to recur. Currently, surgical resection is the most effective treatment for duct ectasia. However, the timing and method of the surgery are important. Patients with local abscesses accompanied by systemic inflammation require urgent management. Localized masses and peripheral lesions can be cured directly with lumpectomy or segmental mastectomy. Complete resection of the lesion, including the pathological duct, abscess, and surrounding inflamed tissue, is recommended to reduce recurrence.

• #20 Mammary Duct Ectasia – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/mammary-duct-ectasia/

  The outlook for this condition is generally positive as it is a non-cancerous disease and does not increase the risk of developing cancer. The severity of the condition can vary from person to person, with some people getting better on their own without any specific treatment. Others with a more severe form of the disease might require medication or surgery. Despite the disease, life expectancy is not impacted and typically matches that of a similarly aged healthy individual.

• #21 What is Mammary Duct Ectasia? | Breast Care Center Miami

  https://www.toplinemd.com/breast-care-center-of-miami/blog/what-is-mammary-duct-ectasia/

  Beyond causing discomfort, these symptoms primarily play an essential role in the early detection and treatment of mammary duct ectasia. Chronic nipple discharge can be the first red flag that facilitates prompt recognition of the condition and timely medical assistance. […] Age, specifically the phase of menopause, has emerged to be a crucial factor in the development of mammary duct ectasia. Menopause triggers hormonal changes in women, leading to the thinning of the mammary duct lining and the subsequent dilation or widening of the ducts. […] Studies increasingly find correlations between lifestyle, overall health, and the occurrence of breast duct ectasia. In this context, smoking has been found to be one of the most significant lifestyle factors. […] The journey of understanding mammary duct ectasia underscores the criticality of early detection and diagnosis in managing any health condition, especially when it pertains to breast health. This ectasia breast condition, with symptoms like chronic nipple discharge, nipple retraction, and, in severe cases, breast abscesses, can potentially disrupt your daily life. However, it is essential to remember that it is typically non-cancerous and considerably manageable under medical guidance.

• #22 Mammary ducts ectasia | ABC Medical Center

  https://centromedicoabc.com/en/padecimientos/mammary-ducts-ectasia/

  Mammary duct ectasia occurs most frequently in women between 45 and 50 years old, or after menopause. […] Generally, there are no symptoms, but some women may experience: Red nipple and areola. Nipple that secretes whitish, grayish, or black fluids. Nipple sinking. Inflammation of the blocked duct (periductal mastitis). Breast nodule. Breast sensitivity. […] Some mammary duct ectasia complications can be: Hard lump around the nipple or areola, which may be linked to concerns about breast cancer. Breast discomfort (burning, redness, inflammation, sensitivity). Bacterial infection called milk duct mastitis, which causes, in addition to breast tenderness, inflammation of the areola, fever, and the possible formation of an abscess that may need to be drained. Discharge of fluid from the nipple that stains clothes and may cause embarrassment.

• #23 Mammary duct ectasia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/mammary-duct-ectasia?lang=us

  Mammary duct ectasia is the abnormal widening of one or more breast ducts to greater than 2 mm diameter, or 3 mm at the ampulla. It can be due to benign or malignant processes. […] Ductal ectasia is often asymptomatic, especially when benign. However, patients with ductal ectasia may present with nonspecific breast symptoms: nipple discharge, nipple retraction, pain/tenderness, palpable mass. […] Benign duct ectasia is characterized by chronic inflammatory and fibrotic changes. Inspissation of debris and secretions within the dilated ducts and later calcification of these ductal contents occurs. There is a known association between ductal ectasia and smoking. […] Intraductal malignancy can also cause duct ectasia. […] Most treatments are aimed at symptom relief and excluding more malicious pathologies. If there is a mastitis element, antibiotics may be considered.

• #24 Mammary duct ectasia due to prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma | ECE2017 | 19th European Congress of Endocrinology | Endocrine Abstracts

  https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0049/ea0049ep1053

  Mammary duct ectasia (MDE) is an inflammatory breast disease characterised by dilation of major ducts and periductal inflammation. MDE occurs commonly in women undergoing menopause. […] A 42-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with complaints of galactorrhea, amenorrhea, mammary gland tenderness and breast discomfort. […] Although treatment with cabergoline resulted in improvement of breast symptoms and galactorrhea, diffuse MDE was reported in repeat ultrasound. […] In the present case, we hypothesize that there was an association between abnormal prolactin secretion and development of MDE. […] They also concluded that MDE may cause transient hyperprolactinemia. […] We conclude that increased prolactin secretion leading to chronic inflammation and fibrosis may cause to persistence of ductal dilatation.

• #25 Mammary duct ectasia // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/mammary-duct-ectasia

  Persistent redness and worsening pain could be a sign of a bacterial infection and can lead to an abscess a collection of pus in your breast tissue which may require a procedure to drain it. […] When you notice a change in your breast, you may worry that it’s a sign of breast cancer, especially if you develop a hard lump around the nipple or areola.

• #26 What’s a Breast Cancer Rash?

  https://www.cancercenter.com/community/blog/2023/05/breast-cancer-rash

  Mammary duct ectasia is a benign (non-cancerous) condition that may affect the appearance of the breast. […] When symptoms do develop from mammary duct ectasia, they may include tenderness or pain of the breast, redness of the skin of the breast, an inverted nipple or black or green nipple discharge. […] Some women also have a lump that forms due to the scar tissue that builds around the milk duct inflammation. This benign lump may be mistaken for cancer.

• #27 Duct Ectasia of the Breast: Causes, Symptoms, and More

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/womens-health/mammary-duct-ectasia

  Mammary duct ectasia (MDE) is the inflammation and thickening of milk ducts in the breasts. The condition is noncancerous and often resolves on its own. […] Symptoms of MDE may include tenderness, nipple discharge, and possibly feeling a lump or nodule behind the affected nipple. Contact a doctor if you have these symptoms so they can rule out other severe medical conditions, such as breast cancer. […] People experiencing MDE may have no symptoms. Others may have symptoms that include: intermittent sticky and thick nipple discharge of varying colors, including white, green, and gray; pain and tenderness of the nipple and areola; redness; inverted nipple; breast lump. […] If an infection occurs because of the MDE, you may experience additional symptoms such as: fever; a general feeling of being unwell; warmth of the breast; intense pain. […] MDE is generally not serious and typically goes away on its own. However, these symptoms are similar to breast cancer, which requires quick treatment. […] The outlook is generally good. Many times, this condition heals on its own.

• #28 :: JBC :: Journal of Breast Cancer

  https://ejbc.kr/DOIx.php?id=10.4048/jbc.2010.13.1.19

  Of the 54 lesions, 46 lesions were benign and eight lesions were malignant. […] The clinical findings are shown in Table 1. Of the 54 cases, 24 cases (44%) were symptomatic and 30 cases (56%) were asymptomatic. […] Although there was no statistical significance (p0.05), malignant duct ectasia was more frequently symptomatic. Among the patients with malignancies, 63% of patients showed symptoms. […] The presence of an intraductal nodule and calcification were found in 12% and 50% of malignant lesions, respectively […] From our results, the most striking feature of malignant duct ectasia was an ill-defined margin with ductal wall thickening. An ill-defined margin was seen for 88% of malignant lesions and 15% of benign lesions. Ductal wall thickening was seen only in 13% of benign lesions but in 75% of malignant lesions.

• #29 Mammary duct ectasia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/mammary-duct-ectasia?lang=us

  A unilateral (asymmetric) mammographic finding of duct ectasia without demonstrated stability on prior studies warrants further evaluation with ultrasound. Features that on ultrasound should raise suspicion for malignancy include nonsubareolar location, hypoechoic intraluminal contents, ductal wall irregularity or indistinctness, or solid parenchymal mass. […] A solitary dilated duct, a rare type of asymmetric duct ectasia, is suspicious for malignancy and biopsy should be considered.

• #30 Duct ectasia | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/consumer-health/duct-ectasia

  Duct ectasia is a benign breast condition characterized by the blockage and inflammation of the mammary milk ducts, which can lead to fluid accumulation. […] Symptoms may manifest as a breast lump, infection signs like redness and swelling, and varying types of nipple discharge. […] Duct ectasia may appear as a lump in the breast or as an infection, marked by redness, swelling, pain, hardness, and fever. There may be a nipple discharge that is tan, white, greenish, or black. Sometimes, the nipple is inverted. […] Because duct ectasia is a benign problem, recovery is generally complete. Some women do have multiple incidences of duct ectasia. This condition does not increase a womans risk of developing breast cancer.

• #31 Duct ectasia in bilateral accessory and unilateral normally located breast: a case report – ScienceOpen

  https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.24911/ejmcr/2/9

  A 38-year-old female, presented with marked and extensive duct ectasia involving almost whole of the right breast parenchyma and bilateral accessory axillary breasts with infrequently observed findings on mammography and ultrasonography. […] Clinical presentation is variable. The condition may be asymptomatic. When symptomatic it may present as a palpable subareolar mass, nipple discharge that might sometimes be blood stained, nipple or skin retraction, pain or tenderness. Secondary infection can result in abscess formation, purulent nipple discharge, and fistula formation. […] Based on these findings, a diagnosis of severe duct ectasia with significantly dilated ducts was made, which was involving most of the normally located right breast parenchyma and bilateral accessory axillary breasts with abscess formation in the left accessory axillary breast.

• #32 Bloody nipple discharge in an infant

  https://www.e-cep.org/journal/view.php?number=2010531009

  Although milky nipple discharge appears frequently in infants, bloody nipple discharge is a very rare finding. […] The infant’s hormonal examination and coagulation tests were normal, and an ultrasound examination revealed mammary duct ectasia. […] The symptoms resolved spontaneously within 6 weeks without any specific treatment, except that we advised the mother to refrain from taking herbal medicine. […] In contrast, bloody nipple discharge rarely occurs in infants, and it is a rather distressing finding for both parents and consulting pediatricians. […] A bloody discharge in infancy appears to be extremely rare. […] The literature reveals 21 cases of bloody nipple discharges in children under five years old. […] Almost all patients who received only a watchful follow-up, without surgical treatment, had outcomes within 9 months suggesting the bloody discharge was a self-limited condition. […] The symptom resolved spontaneously, without any treatment. […] In our patient, a bloody nipple discharge was associated with mammary duct ectasia. It regressed spontaneously within 6 weeks.

• #33 Mammary Duct Ectasia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/mammary-duct-ectasia

  Although Mammary Duct Ectasia itself does not lead to any serious complications, it can cause discomfort, pain, and inflammation in the breast tissue, which can affect a woman`s quality of life. Additionally, if left untreated, Mammary Duct Ectasia can lead to the formation of abscesses or infections in the breast tissue, which can require surgical intervention and may impact the prognosis. […] Early diagnosis of Mammary Duct Ectasia can result in a better prognosis, as it allows for prompt treatment and management of symptoms. Women who seek medical attention as soon as they notice any changes in their breast tissue, such as nipple discharge or tenderness, may be able to avoid more invasive treatments and achieve better outcomes.

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