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• #1 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  Most new moms experience postpartum „baby blues” after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. […] But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first but the symptoms are more intense and last longer. These may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth. But they may begin earlier during pregnancy or later up to a year after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms may include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Crying too much, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep, called insomnia, or sleeping too much, Overwhelming tiredness or loss of energy, Less interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger, Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Reduced ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurring thoughts of death or suicide. […] Untreated, postpartum depression may last for many months or longer.

• #2 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that affects women after childbirth. Like clinical depression, postpartum depression causes women to experience feelings of extreme sadness, anxiety, hopelessness and exhaustion that can make it difficult for them to fulfill daily needs and care for themselves and others. It may cause women to feel like they cant or dont want to bond with or care for their child. […] Postpartum depression can develop any time during the first year after birth, but it most commonly affects mothers during the first three weeks after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms are prolonged and severe. If you experience strong negative feelings, such as sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest, that interfere with daily life and last for prolonged periods of time for weeks or even months you may have postpartum depression.

• #3 Postpartum Depression: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9312-postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression is a type of depression that happens after having a baby. It affects up to 15% of women. Postpartum depression involves emotional highs and lows, frequent crying, fatigue, guilt and anxiety. You may have trouble caring for your baby. Postpartum depression can be treated with medication and counseling. […] If your feelings include extreme sadness or loneliness, severe mood swings and frequent crying spells, you may have postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression is a far more serious condition than the baby blues, affecting about 1 in 7 new moms. You may experience alternating highs and lows, frequent crying, irritability and fatigue, as well as feelings of guilt, anxiety and inability to care for your baby or yourself. Symptoms range from mild to severe and may appear within a week of delivery or gradually, even up to a year later.

• #4 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  Symptoms of clinical depression and postpartum depression are the same. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but may begin up to six months after birth. You may have postpartum depression if you experience the following symptoms for most of the day, every day, for at least two consecutive weeks: Feelings of extreme sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, Frequent and excessive crying, or crying for no apparent reason, Loss of interest or lack of enjoyment in usual activities and hobbies, Oversleeping or trouble falling asleep, Severe anxiety, worrying or panic attacks, Loss of appetite or eating too much, or unintentional weight loss or weight gain, Overwhelming feelings of worthlessness, inadequacy or guilt, Feelings of extreme anger or rage, Feeling moody, irritable, or restless, Extreme mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, remembering things or making decisions, Feeling that life isn’t worth living, Having low energy or extreme fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest, Physical aches and pains, including frequent headaches, stomach problems, and muscle pain, Withdrawing from or avoiding friends and family, Difficulty bonding or forming an emotional attachment with the baby, Being uninterested in or unable to care for the baby, Persistent doubt in ability to care for the baby or worrying excessively about the baby, Thoughts of harming oneself or baby, Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

• #5 Postpartum Blues vs Postpartum Depression | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/practice/wellness/postpartum-blues-vs-postpartum-depression

  Women with postpartum depression experience intense feelings of sadness, anxiety, or despair that prevent them from being able to do daily tasks. Postpartum depression usually begins about one to three weeks after childbirth but can occur up to one year after delivery. […] Left untreated, postpartum depression can last for months or even years. In addition to affecting the mothers health, it can interfere with her ability to connect with and care for her baby and may cause the baby to develop problems with sleeping, eating, and behavior as he or she grows. […] Common symptoms of postpartum depression include: Feeling sad, hopeless, or overwhelmed; Crying more often than usual or for no apparent reason; Worrying or feeling overly anxious; Feeling moody, irritable, or restless; Oversleeping, or being unable to sleep even when baby is asleep; Having trouble concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions; Experiencing anger or rage; Losing interest in activities that are usually enjoyable; Suffering from physical aches and pains, including frequent headaches, stomach problems, and muscle pain; Eating too little or too much; Withdrawing from or avoiding friends and family; Having trouble bonding or forming an emotional attachment with your baby; Persistently doubting your ability to care for your baby; Thinking about harming yourself or your baby. […] Any new mother who experiences these symptoms should see a health care provider right away to find out whether she has postpartum depression and, if so, receive appropriate treatment.

• #6 Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/postpartum-depression

  Although PPD often is characterized by sadness, anxiety, and chronic fatigue, it has a variety of symptoms. PPD symptoms may be short-term or long-term, mild or severe, and acute or chronic. […] Common symptoms of postpartum depression include: Constant feelings of sadness, restlessness, anxiety, or hopelessness. Detachment from family and friends. Extreme fatigue and either sleeping too much or too little. Low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness. Lost interest in their baby or in their favorite activities. Persistent physical problems, such as headaches or an upset stomach. Severe mood swings, including irritability, anger, and sadness, but no joy. Thoughts about hurting themselves or their baby. Trouble concentrating or remembering. Withdrawing from loved ones, including their baby, due to feelings of guilt or shame. […] If you think you’re having a depressive episode or have any symptoms of postpartum depression, seek help from your doctor. Treatment can improve symptoms of postpartum depression and make sure you and your baby are safe and cared for.

• #7 Postpartum Depression: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9312-postpartum-depression

  You may have postpartum depression if you experience some of the following: Feeling sad, worthless, hopeless or guilty; Worrying excessively or feeling on edge; Loss of interest in hobbies or things you once enjoyed; Changes in appetite or not eating; Loss of energy and motivation; Trouble sleeping or wanting to sleep all the time; Crying for no reason or excessively; Difficulty thinking or focusing; Thoughts of suicide or wishing you were dead; Lack of interest in your baby or feeling anxious around your baby; Thoughts of hurting your baby or feeling like you don’t want your baby. […] Postpartum depression can last until one year after your child is born. However, this doesn’t mean you should feel „cured” in one year. […] Postpartum depression isn’t entirely preventable. It helps to know warning signs of the condition and what factors increase your risk. […] With professional help, almost all those who experience postpartum depression can overcome their symptoms.

• #8 Signs of Postpartum Depression | Ada

  https://ada.com/signs-of-postpartum-depression/

  Some of the more common signs and symptoms of postnatal depression include: Persistent low mood; this may take the form of sadness, hopelessness, emptiness, irritability, frustration, anger, a feeling of being overwhelmed, or other negative emotions; Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that used to be enjoyable, including sex; Strong feelings of guilt or worthlessness; Tiredness and lack of energy and motivation; Trouble concentrating and making decisions; Memory problems; Overwhelming worry or anxiety; Restlessness or trouble sitting still; Withdrawal from loved ones; Disrupted sleep patterns, including difficulty falling asleep or sleeping too much; Changes in appetite; Persistent headaches, other pains, or digestive trouble without a clear physical trigger. […] A parent with postpartum depression may also experience difficulty bonding with their baby, recurrent thoughts of harming their baby, as well as recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. In severe cases, there may be suicide attempts.

• #9 About Perinatal Mental Health | Postpartum Support International (PSI)SearchFacebookInstagram-1PinterestLinkedinVimeoYoutube-playScroll to top

  https://postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/

  Perinatal depression, including postpartum depression, occurs more often than most people realize. Studies show that 1 in 5 women and 1 in 10 men may experience depression and anxiety during the perinatal period. However, the numbers are likely higher and increase for high-stress parenting groups. […] It is important to know the signs and symptoms of Perinatal Depression. Perinatal Depression is treatable, and help is available. You do not need a diagnosis to reach out for help. […] Symptoms can start anytime during the perinatal period and they may differ for each person. They might include the following: Feelings of anger, irritability and/or rage, Lack of interest in the baby, Disturbances of sleep and appetite, Crying and sadness, Feelings of guilt, shame or hopelessness, Loss of interest, joy or pleasure in things you used to enjoy, Possible thoughts of harming the baby or yourself.

• #10 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  Most new moms experience postpartum „baby blues” after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. […] But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first but the symptoms are more intense and last longer. These may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth. But they may begin earlier during pregnancy or later up to a year after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms may include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Crying too much, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep, called insomnia, or sleeping too much, Overwhelming tiredness or loss of energy, Less interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger, Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Reduced ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurring thoughts of death or suicide. […] Untreated, postpartum depression may last for many months or longer.

• #11 Postpartum depression (PPD)

  https://www.babycenter.com/baby/postpartum-health/postpartum-depression-ppd_227

  Many women with postpartum depression have thoughts like: „I’m a bad mother.” „I feel guilty because I’m supposed to be happy.” „I should be able to control how I feel.” „I’m ashamed that I don’t feel happy.” „I’m not bonding with my baby, so I’m probably not meant to be a mom.” […] You may have postpartum depression if you experience any of these symptoms almost every day: Extreme sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness; Crying all the time; Loss of interest or lack of enjoyment in your usual activities and hobbies; Trouble falling sleep at night, or trouble staying awake during the day; Loss of appetite or eating too much, or unintentional weight loss or weight gain; Overwhelming feelings of worthlessness or overpowering guilt; Restlessness or sluggishness; Difficulty concentrating or making decisions; Feeling that life isn’t worth living; Severe mood swings; Difficulty bonding with your baby; Severe anxiety; Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby.

• #12 Symptoms – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/symptoms/

  The main symptoms include: feeling sad, low in mood or tearful much of the time […] feeling agitated or irritable towards your partner, baby or other children […] loss of interest in the world around you and no longer enjoying things that used to give you pleasure (like you „cannot be bothered”) […] lack of energy and feeling tired all the time […] trouble sleeping at night you may be awake even when your baby is sleeping […] feeling very sleepy during the day […] problems concentrating and making decisions […] loss of appetite or overeating (comfort eating) […] negative thoughts such as feeling you are not a good enough mother, you are unable to look after your baby or your baby does not love you […] feelings of guilt, hopelessness and self-blame […] feeling anxious that something bad may happen to your baby

• #13 Postpartum depression – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/512

  Postpartum depression may present with symptoms of depressed mood, anhedonia, weight changes, sleep disturbance, psychomotor problems, low energy, excessive guilt, loss of confidence or self-esteem, poor concentration, or suicidal ideation. […] Episodes of postpartum depression last 3 to 6 months on average, but may last for months or even years. […] Key diagnostic factors include depressed mood, anhedonia, decreased energy or increased fatigability, suicidal ideation, loss of confidence or self-esteem, unreasonable feelings of self-reproach or excessive and inappropriate guilt, and poor concentration. […] Other diagnostic factors include change in psychomotor activity, sleep disturbance, change in appetite, change in weight, obsessive/intrusive thoughts, significant self-harm or neglect or mistreatment of children, personal or family history of hypomania or mania, and psychotic symptoms.

• #14 Delayed postpartum depression: What you should know

  https://flo.health/being-a-mom/recovering-from-birth/emotions-after-delivery/how-to-identify-and-treat-delayed-postpartum-depression

  Common symptoms of postpartum depression include low mood, persistent sadness or mood swings, crying spells for no apparent reason, feelings of unhappiness or guilt, loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed, difficulty bonding with your baby, changes in your appetite or eating habits, difficulty sleeping or wanting to sleep all the time, irritability or anger, difficulty concentrating or making decisions, and thoughts of harming yourself or the baby.

• #15 Postpartum Depression – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/womens-health/postpartum-depression-a-to-z

  A woman with postpartum depression can have any of the following symptoms: feeling depressed, with tearfulness or crying spells; feeling anxious, sometimes with obsessions and compulsions, often about the baby’s welfare or about being able to carry out responsibilities as a mother; feeling hopeless, worthless, or guilty; feeling irritable or burdened; losing interest or pleasure in all activities, including pleasure in being a mother; changes in appetite (either overeating or not eating enough); sleep problems (for example, difficulty falling asleep or waking especially early); appearing slowed or agitated; extreme exhaustion beyond the normal fatigue caused by caring for a newborn; poor concentration or indecisiveness; persistent thoughts about death, including suicide; difficulty caring for the baby. These symptoms may develop in the first days after birth or as long as three months later.

• #16 Postnatal depression (PND) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/postnatal-depression-pnd

  New parents can develop postnatal depression (PND) within the first few months after the arrival of their newborn baby. […] PND can range from a mild feeling of sadness to a paralysing depression. […] Around one in 7 to 10 mothers go on to develop PND. […] PND is a depression that comes on within 12 months of having a baby, usually during the first few weeks or months. It can start slowly or suddenly, and can range from very mild and transient, to severe and lingering. […] The symptoms of antenatal and postnatal depression depend on the severity of the depression, but may include: low self-esteem, feelings of inadequacy and guilt, tearfulness, sleeping difficulties, panic attacks. […] The range of symptoms experienced depends on the severity of the depression, and may include: depressed or sad mood, tearfulness, low self-esteem and lack of confidence, feelings of inadequacy and guilt, negative thoughts, feeling that life is meaningless, feeling unable to cope, tearfulness and irritability, difficulty sleeping or changes in sleeping patterns, low sex drive, anxiety, panic attacks or heart palpitations, loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating or remembering things, loss of interest in usual activities.

• #17 About Perinatal Mental Health | Postpartum Support International (PSI)SearchFacebookInstagram-1PinterestLinkedinVimeoYoutube-playScroll to top

  https://postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/

  The symptoms of anxiety during the perinatal period might include: Constant worry, Feeling that something bad might happen, Racing thoughts, Disturbances of sleep and appetite, Inability to sit still, Physical symptoms could include dizziness, hot flashes diarrhea and nausea, Feelings of anger, irritability and/or rage, Nervousness/on edge/anxious, trouble relaxing. […] Perinatal anxiety is treatable, and help is available. You do not need a diagnosis to reach out for help. […] Symptoms of Perinatal Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms can include: Obsessions, also called intrusive thoughts, which are persistent, repetitive thoughts or mental images that are often related to the baby. These thoughts are very upsetting. Compulsions, where you may do certain things over and over again to reduce your fears and obsessions.

• #18 What is postpartum depression? | UNICEF Parenting

  https://www.unicef.org/parenting/mental-health/what-postpartum-depression

  What is postpartum depression or postnatal depression? Postpartum depression or postnatal depression is different from the baby blues. It usually occurs two to eight weeks after giving birth but can happen up to a year after the baby is born. “One of the important things about postpartum depression is it’s not just feeling sad,” Dr. Stuebe explains. Feelings of intense anxiety are also a common feature of postpartum depression. Some symptoms of postpartum depression to look out for include feeling overwhelmed, persistent crying, lack of bonding with your baby and doubting your ability to care for yourself and your baby. “We all worry about our kids, but [those experiencing postpartum depression] are so worried that it impedes their ability to enjoy their baby and to enjoy their life.” Postpartum depression can make it difficult to care for yourself and your baby, too. “I think it’s important for folks to understand that this is not just feeling sad or crying. It also can be feeling almost paralyzed by fear about something bad potentially happening to your child, and that is incredibly painful for the parent.” Another warning sign for postpartum depression is not being able to sleep, even when your baby is sleeping. “If you’re exhausted, but you are lying awake because your mind is racing, your brain is not being your friend,” Dr. Stuebe says.

• #19 Postpartum Depression Vs. Postnatal Depression – Roanoke, VA

  https://ignitewellnessva.com/postpartum-depression-vs-postnatal-depression/

  Postpartum depression, also known as postpartum mood disorder, is a form of depression that occurs within the first year after giving birth. It is characterized by feelings of sadness, anxiety, and irritability that persist and interfere with daily functioning. […] While it is normal to have some ups and downs during this time, postpartum depression is different. It is a more severe and prolonged experience that requires attention and support. […] One of the key challenges in recognizing postpartum depression is distinguishing it from the normal “baby blues” experienced by many new mothers. While the baby blues typically last for a few days or weeks and resolve on their own, postpartum depression persists for a longer duration and requires professional intervention. […] It is important to understand the symptoms of postpartum depression in order to seek help and support. Some common symptoms include: Constant feelings of sadness or hopelessness: Mothers with postpartum depression may experience a deep and persistent sadness that affects their overall mood. Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed: Hobbies and activities that used to bring joy may no longer hold any appeal for mothers with postpartum depression. Changes in appetite and sleep patterns: Postpartum depression can disrupt eating and sleeping habits, leading to changes in appetite and sleep quality. Difficulty bonding with the baby: Mothers may find it challenging to form a strong emotional bond with their newborn, which can further contribute to feelings of guilt and sadness. Intense feelings of guilt or worthlessness: Postpartum depression can lead to a distorted sense of self-worth, with mothers feeling an overwhelming sense of guilt or worthlessness.

• #20 Signs of Postpartum Depression | Ada

  https://ada.com/signs-of-postpartum-depression/

  Some of the more common signs and symptoms of postnatal depression include: Persistent low mood; this may take the form of sadness, hopelessness, emptiness, irritability, frustration, anger, a feeling of being overwhelmed, or other negative emotions; Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that used to be enjoyable, including sex; Strong feelings of guilt or worthlessness; Tiredness and lack of energy and motivation; Trouble concentrating and making decisions; Memory problems; Overwhelming worry or anxiety; Restlessness or trouble sitting still; Withdrawal from loved ones; Disrupted sleep patterns, including difficulty falling asleep or sleeping too much; Changes in appetite; Persistent headaches, other pains, or digestive trouble without a clear physical trigger. […] A parent with postpartum depression may also experience difficulty bonding with their baby, recurrent thoughts of harming their baby, as well as recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. In severe cases, there may be suicide attempts.

• #21 Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/postpartum-depression

  Although PPD often is characterized by sadness, anxiety, and chronic fatigue, it has a variety of symptoms. PPD symptoms may be short-term or long-term, mild or severe, and acute or chronic. […] Common symptoms of postpartum depression include: Constant feelings of sadness, restlessness, anxiety, or hopelessness. Detachment from family and friends. Extreme fatigue and either sleeping too much or too little. Low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness. Lost interest in their baby or in their favorite activities. Persistent physical problems, such as headaches or an upset stomach. Severe mood swings, including irritability, anger, and sadness, but no joy. Thoughts about hurting themselves or their baby. Trouble concentrating or remembering. Withdrawing from loved ones, including their baby, due to feelings of guilt or shame. […] If you think you’re having a depressive episode or have any symptoms of postpartum depression, seek help from your doctor. Treatment can improve symptoms of postpartum depression and make sure you and your baby are safe and cared for.

• #22 Signs and Symptoms of Postpartum Depression and When to Get Help – San Antonio Behavioral Healthcare Hospital

  https://www.sanantoniobehavioral.com/news/signs-and-symptoms-of-postpartum-depression-and-when-to-get-help/

  Bringing home a new baby is a significant transition, and there are some symptoms of postpartum depression you should watch out for. […] If you suffer from postpartum depression symptoms, you might feel overwhelmingly tired. You may also feel like your energy is completely depleted. Besides being unable to sleep, you may also find yourself sleeping too much. […] Bonding issues are common among women who suffer from postpartum depression. You may not connect or form a close bond with your baby. At the same time, you may also withdraw from relationships with your family and friends. […] When you have postpartum depression, you may feel hopeless or ashamed. Other women feel angry, restless, or worthless. […] In some cases, women will experience panic attacks and anxiety when they have postpartum depression. They may also feel inadequate or fear that they are an unfit mother.

• #23 Postpartum Depression – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/postpartum-care-and-associated-disorders/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression is depressive symptoms during the first year after delivery that last 2 weeks and meet criteria for major depression. […] Postpartum depression occurs in 7% of women during the first year after delivery. […] Symptoms of postpartum depression are similar to those of major depression and may include extreme sadness, mood swings, uncontrollable crying, insomnia or increased sleep, loss of appetite or overeating, irritability and anger, headaches and body aches and pains, extreme fatigue, unrealistic worries about or disinterest in the baby, a feeling of being incapable of caring for the baby or of being inadequate as a mother, fear of harming the baby, guilt about her feelings, suicidal ideation, and anxiety or panic attacks. […] Typically, symptoms develop insidiously over 3 months, but onset can be more sudden.

• #24 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Types, Tests, Professional and Self-Care

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a complex mix of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that happen in some women after giving birth. According to the DSM-5, a manual used to diagnose mental disorders, PPD is a form of major depression that begins within 4 weeks after delivery. The diagnosis of postpartum depression is based not only on the length of time between delivery and onset but on the severity of the depression. […] Symptoms of postpartum depression can be hard to detect. Many women have these symptoms following childbirth: Trouble sleeping, Appetite changes, Severe fatigue, Lower libido, Frequent mood changes. […] With PPD, these come along with other symptoms of major depression, which aren’t typical after childbirth, and may include: Being uninterested in your baby or feeling like you’re not bonding with them, Crying all the time, often for no reason, Depressed mood, Severe anger and crankiness, Loss of pleasure, Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and helplessness, Thoughts of death or suicide, Thoughts of hurting someone else, Trouble concentrating or making decisions.

• #25 About Perinatal Mental Health | Postpartum Support International (PSI)SearchFacebookInstagram-1PinterestLinkedinVimeoYoutube-playScroll to top

  https://postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/

  Perinatal depression, including postpartum depression, occurs more often than most people realize. Studies show that 1 in 5 women and 1 in 10 men may experience depression and anxiety during the perinatal period. However, the numbers are likely higher and increase for high-stress parenting groups. […] It is important to know the signs and symptoms of Perinatal Depression. Perinatal Depression is treatable, and help is available. You do not need a diagnosis to reach out for help. […] Symptoms can start anytime during the perinatal period and they may differ for each person. They might include the following: Feelings of anger, irritability and/or rage, Lack of interest in the baby, Disturbances of sleep and appetite, Crying and sadness, Feelings of guilt, shame or hopelessness, Loss of interest, joy or pleasure in things you used to enjoy, Possible thoughts of harming the baby or yourself.

• #26 About Postpartum Depression

  https://www.zurzuvae.com/en-us/home/about-postpartum-depression-ppd.html

  Its common to go through hormonal, physical, and emotional changes during and after pregnancy. Symptoms of postpartum depression can start while youre pregnant, or after youve given birth. […] Postpartum depression (PPD) is different from the „baby blues,” which usually gets better within 2 weeks without treatment. PPD symptoms are more intense, can last longer, and can be serious if not treated. […] What are some of the signs and symptoms of postpartum depression? Postpartum depression can cause a number of symptoms. Although you may experience different symptoms, some of the more common symptoms include: Persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood, Irritability, Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, hopelessness, or helplessness, Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities, Trouble bonding or forming an emotional attachment with the new baby, Fatigue or abnormal decrease in energy, Persistent doubts about the ability to care for the new baby, Feeling restless or having trouble sitting still, Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions, Difficulty sleeping (even when the baby is sleeping), awakening early in the morning, or oversleeping, Abnormal appetite, weight changes, or both, Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that do not have a clear physical cause or do not ease even with treatment, Thoughts about death, suicide, or harming oneself or the baby.

• #27 8 Early Warning Signs of Postpartum Depression

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/early-warning-signs-postpartum-depression

  You have trouble making decisions or focusing. Maybe you’re too tired to think straight. Maybe you just don’t care. If you can’t decide whether or not to get out of bed, take a shower, change your baby’s diaper, or take them for a walk, these may be early signs of postpartum depression. […] You worry you won’t be a good parent. Being worried about parenting is common among parents whose babies are sick or premature or were born with special needs. But if this is not your situation, then having constant doubts about yourself as a parent could mean something else. […] Your sleep patterns or eating habits have changed. It’s natural for the way you sleep and eat to change when you become a new parent. But if you can’t even rest when your child is napping, or you’re sleeping all the time, that’s likely something other than a new sleep pattern.

• #28 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  Most new moms experience postpartum „baby blues” after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. […] But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first but the symptoms are more intense and last longer. These may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth. But they may begin earlier during pregnancy or later up to a year after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms may include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Crying too much, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep, called insomnia, or sleeping too much, Overwhelming tiredness or loss of energy, Less interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger, Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Reduced ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurring thoughts of death or suicide. […] Untreated, postpartum depression may last for many months or longer.

• #29 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  Perinatal depression refers to depression occurring during pregnancy or after childbirth. The use of the term perinatal recognizes that depression associated with having a baby often begins during pregnancy. (Postpartum depression refers to depression experienced after childbirth.) […] Perinatal depression is a serious, but treatable medical illness involving feelings of extreme sadness, indifference and/or anxiety, as well as changes in energy, sleep, and appetite. It carries risks for the mother and child. An estimated one in seven women experiences perinatal depression (Dave, et al 2010). […] Symptoms of perinatal depression include (APA2022): Feeling sad or having a depressed mood, Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed, Changes in appetite, Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much, Loss of energy or increased fatigue, Increase in purposeless physical activity (e.g., inability to still still, pacing, handwringing) or slowed movements or speech [these actions must be severe enough to be observable by others], Feeling worthless or guilty, Difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions, Thoughts of death or suicide, Crying for no reason, Lack of interest in the baby, not feeling bonded to the baby, or feeling very anxious about/around the baby, Feelings of being a bad mother, Fear of harming the baby or oneself.

• #30 Symptoms – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/symptoms/

  problems bonding with your baby, no sense of enjoyment in being with them. […] It can continue for months or years or get worse if nothing is done. […] Depression is treatable and you can get better with the right help. […] Postnatal depression can develop gradually and be hard to recognise. […] Signs for partners, family and friends to look out for in new parents include: frequently crying for no obvious reason […] having difficulty bonding with their baby, looking after them only as a duty and not wanting to play with them […] withdrawing from contact with other people […] speaking negatively all the time and saying that they’re hopeless […] neglecting themselves, such as not washing or changing their clothes […] losing their sense of humour […] constantly worrying that something is wrong with their baby, regardless of reassurance.

• #31 Postnatal depression | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/postnatal-depression/

  Postnatal depression is a type of depression. Many parents experience it after having a baby. Its a common problem, affecting more than 1 in every 10 mothers within a year of giving birth. It can also affect fathers and partners, although this is less common. Postnatal depression affects everyone differently. It can start at any point in the first year after giving birth. It can continue from depression in pregnancy. It may develop suddenly or gradually. If your symptoms last longer or start later, you could have postnatal depression. The main symptoms of postnatal depression include: a persistent feeling of sadness and low mood, loss of interest in the world around you, no longer enjoying things that used to give you pleasure, lack of energy and feeling tired all the time, trouble sleeping at night, feeling sleepy during the day, feeling that youre unable to look after your baby, problems concentrating and making decisions, loss of appetite or an increased appetite (comfort eating), feeling agitated, irritable or very apathetic (you cant be bothered), feelings of guilt, hopelessness and self-blame, difficulty bonding with your baby feeling of indifference and no sense of enjoyment in their company, frightening thoughts, for example, about hurting your baby these can be scary, but theyre very rarely acted upon, thinking about suicide and self-harm. These symptoms can affect your day-to-day life and your relationships with your baby, family and friends. Postnatal depression can develop gradually and it can be hard to recognise. Some parents may avoid talking to family and friends about how theyre feeling. This may be because they worry theyll be judged for not coping or not appearing happy. If you think someone you know is depressed, encourage them to talk about their feelings. Postnatal depression can be lonely, distressing and frightening. But, support and treatments are available. With the right treatment and support, most people make a full recovery, although it can take time. Psychological therapies are usually the first treatment recommended for postnatal depression. Antidepressants may be recommended if: you have moderate or severe depression, you dont want to try psychological treatment, psychological treatment doesnt help, you have mild postnatal depression and a previous history of depression. They can help ease symptoms like: low mood, irritability, lack of concentration, sleeplessness. This helps you to function normally and helps you cope better with your new baby. You might be referred to a specialist perinatal mental health team if your depression: is very severe, doesnt respond to treatment like antidepressants, self-help or therapy.

• #32 Postpartum Depression Signs – Serious Warning Signs of PPD to Look For

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/signs/

  Postpartum depression is a highly individual experience. The symptoms of postpartum depression and what the condition looks like vary from one person to the next. Some of the common signs of PPD show up right after birth, while others do not appear for several weeks or months and into the first year. During the second and third weeks following pregnancy, it is common for new mothers to experience postpartum baby blues. Symptoms of baby blues include: Anxiety, Crying, Irritability, Restlessness, Tiredness. These are common feelings that often result from hormonal changes right after birth, such as decreases in estrogen and progesterone levels produced by the thyroid. They do not necessarily point to a more severe type of postpartum depression. Though these symptoms can be challenging, they typically go away within a few weeks and do not require treatment. Sometimes, these milder baby blues symptoms do not fade and instead intensify or worsen within three to four weeks following pregnancy. When women experience increased or ongoing symptoms, this could be an indication of postpartum depression or even postpartum psychosis. More severe symptoms of postpartum depression include: Excessive crying, Panic attacks, Loss of appetite, Insomnia, Loss of energy and motivation, Withdrawal and isolation, Severe mood swings, Thoughts of harming the baby or yourself. Postpartum depression symptoms can manifest in multiple ways and forms, affecting women emotionally, mentally, physically, and behaviorally. During postpartum depression, also known as perinatal depression, women most commonly experience emotional symptoms that affect their feelings. These emotional symptoms include: Excessive and uncontrollable crying, Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness, Feeling numb or empty, Extremes in mood swings, Irritability and restlessness, Feeling anger and rage, Becoming easily frustrated, Feeling anxious and afraid, Feeling guilt and shame. In addition to emotional symptoms, a woman with PPD may experience shifts in her thoughts and mentality. Here are some of the mental symptoms of postpartum depression: Inability to concentrate, Trouble remembering details, Difficulty making decisions, Doubting your ability to care for your baby, Thinking life events are too overwhelming to handle, Thinking you have failed or are inadequate, feelings of worthlessness. Postpartum depression also manifests physically and creates symptoms that affect the body. Physical symptoms of postpartum depression include: Changes in appetite, such as eating too much or too little, Trouble sleeping, Oversleeping, Fatigue and loss of energy, Muscle aches and pains, Headaches, Stomach pains. Women with postpartum depression also experience behavioral changes, to the point they may seem as though they are behaving like a different person. Here are common behavioral symptoms of postpartum depression: Acting distant from partner or spouse, Withdrawing from loved ones and social activities, Inability to form a bond with the new baby, Unwilling to care for the baby out of fear of harming them, Not being able to enjoy time with friends and family members, Not wanting to be alone with the baby, Angry behavior toward others. It is incredibly common for women to experience postpartum symptoms in the days and weeks after giving birth. But how do you know when the condition is severe enough to seek help? You may need help for postpartum depression if you: Constantly feel sad or empty, Spend a lot of time crying, Are frequently irritable or angry, Have symptoms that are growing worse over time, Have a history of depression or mental illness that required treatment, such as bipolar disorder or other mood disorders, Have a loss of interest in things you usually enjoy, Have difficulty caring for your baby or completing daily tasks, Have thoughts of suicide or harming your baby. If postpartum depression is left untreated, the symptoms can last several months and even years after the birth of the baby. If treated, symptoms can resolve quickly for new moms, usually within several weeks or a few months. No, you do not always need help if you have postpartum depression symptoms, as it may be postpartum baby blues. If your postpartum depression symptoms last more than two weeks or if you have any risk factors for PPD, it may be a good idea to seek professional help.

• #33 Postpartum depression in Vietnam: a scoping review of symptoms, consequences, and management | BMC Women’s Health | Full Text

  https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-023-02519-5

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major health issue that can affect both mothers and their newborn children. In Vietnam, approximately 20% of mothers suffer from PPD. […] The most-reported symptoms were sadness, tiredness, the feeling of being ignored, lack of interest in the baby, reduced appetite, and sleep disturbance. […] Symptoms of PPD often include a combination of: mood changes like anxiety, irritability, and a feeling of being overwhelmed; physical disorders such as sleep disturbance (beyond that associated with the care of the baby) or loss of appetite; self-criticizing or obsessive preoccupation with the baby’s health and feeding. […] In terms of emotional symptoms reported with a wide range of prevalence in quantitative research, those most frequently mentioned were worries, anxiety, and stress.

• #34 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  Symptoms of clinical depression and postpartum depression are the same. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but may begin up to six months after birth. You may have postpartum depression if you experience the following symptoms for most of the day, every day, for at least two consecutive weeks: Feelings of extreme sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, Frequent and excessive crying, or crying for no apparent reason, Loss of interest or lack of enjoyment in usual activities and hobbies, Oversleeping or trouble falling asleep, Severe anxiety, worrying or panic attacks, Loss of appetite or eating too much, or unintentional weight loss or weight gain, Overwhelming feelings of worthlessness, inadequacy or guilt, Feelings of extreme anger or rage, Feeling moody, irritable, or restless, Extreme mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, remembering things or making decisions, Feeling that life isn’t worth living, Having low energy or extreme fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest, Physical aches and pains, including frequent headaches, stomach problems, and muscle pain, Withdrawing from or avoiding friends and family, Difficulty bonding or forming an emotional attachment with the baby, Being uninterested in or unable to care for the baby, Persistent doubt in ability to care for the baby or worrying excessively about the baby, Thoughts of harming oneself or baby, Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

• #35 Symptoms – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/symptoms/

  The main symptoms include: feeling sad, low in mood or tearful much of the time […] feeling agitated or irritable towards your partner, baby or other children […] loss of interest in the world around you and no longer enjoying things that used to give you pleasure (like you „cannot be bothered”) […] lack of energy and feeling tired all the time […] trouble sleeping at night you may be awake even when your baby is sleeping […] feeling very sleepy during the day […] problems concentrating and making decisions […] loss of appetite or overeating (comfort eating) […] negative thoughts such as feeling you are not a good enough mother, you are unable to look after your baby or your baby does not love you […] feelings of guilt, hopelessness and self-blame […] feeling anxious that something bad may happen to your baby

• #36 Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/postpartum-depression

  Although PPD often is characterized by sadness, anxiety, and chronic fatigue, it has a variety of symptoms. PPD symptoms may be short-term or long-term, mild or severe, and acute or chronic. […] Common symptoms of postpartum depression include: Constant feelings of sadness, restlessness, anxiety, or hopelessness. Detachment from family and friends. Extreme fatigue and either sleeping too much or too little. Low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness. Lost interest in their baby or in their favorite activities. Persistent physical problems, such as headaches or an upset stomach. Severe mood swings, including irritability, anger, and sadness, but no joy. Thoughts about hurting themselves or their baby. Trouble concentrating or remembering. Withdrawing from loved ones, including their baby, due to feelings of guilt or shame. […] If you think you’re having a depressive episode or have any symptoms of postpartum depression, seek help from your doctor. Treatment can improve symptoms of postpartum depression and make sure you and your baby are safe and cared for.

• #37 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postnatal depression symptoms can begin during various stages before and after childbirth. The symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) vary significantly among individuals, both in their qualities and timing. […] Common symptoms of postpartum depression include: Mood swings, Extreme feelings of sadness, Overall depressed mood, Effects on other mental illnesses, Feelings of worthlessness, Trouble sleeping, Side effects on existing health problems. […] Women may experience postpartum depression both before and after the postpartum period, which starts after giving birth and typically lasts up to a year afterward. Some pregnant women begin experiencing feelings of sadness before giving birth and find these symptoms are heightened after giving birth. Others experience PPD immediately after giving birth, while others may not see symptoms for a year up to several years post-delivery.

• #38 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  Most new moms experience postpartum „baby blues” after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. […] But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first but the symptoms are more intense and last longer. These may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth. But they may begin earlier during pregnancy or later up to a year after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms may include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Crying too much, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep, called insomnia, or sleeping too much, Overwhelming tiredness or loss of energy, Less interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger, Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Reduced ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurring thoughts of death or suicide. […] Untreated, postpartum depression may last for many months or longer.

• #39

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/behavioral-health-addiction/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a more serious, long-lasting form of depression that new moms may experience. […] Postpartum depression symptoms usually occur within six months after childbirth and may last from a few weeks to months or more. […] Symptoms of PPD may include: Changes in appetite, Crying or tearfulness, Difficulty falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much, Feelings of irritability, anxiety, panic, hopelessness or guilt, Fear of hurting or killing yourself or your child, Lack of energy or motivation, Loss of interest or pleasure in life, Obsessive thoughts especially unreasonable, repetitive fears about your child’s health and welfare, Poor concentration, memory loss or difficulty making decisions, Rapid mood swings, Restlessness, Unexplained weight loss or gain. […] Call your health care provider if you notice several of these postpartum depression symptoms that last more than two weeks or if your depressed feelings are getting worse.

• #40 Postpartum Blues vs Postpartum Depression | American Dental Association

  https://www.ada.org/resources/practice/wellness/postpartum-blues-vs-postpartum-depression

  Women with postpartum depression experience intense feelings of sadness, anxiety, or despair that prevent them from being able to do daily tasks. Postpartum depression usually begins about one to three weeks after childbirth but can occur up to one year after delivery. […] Left untreated, postpartum depression can last for months or even years. In addition to affecting the mothers health, it can interfere with her ability to connect with and care for her baby and may cause the baby to develop problems with sleeping, eating, and behavior as he or she grows. […] Common symptoms of postpartum depression include: Feeling sad, hopeless, or overwhelmed; Crying more often than usual or for no apparent reason; Worrying or feeling overly anxious; Feeling moody, irritable, or restless; Oversleeping, or being unable to sleep even when baby is asleep; Having trouble concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions; Experiencing anger or rage; Losing interest in activities that are usually enjoyable; Suffering from physical aches and pains, including frequent headaches, stomach problems, and muscle pain; Eating too little or too much; Withdrawing from or avoiding friends and family; Having trouble bonding or forming an emotional attachment with your baby; Persistently doubting your ability to care for your baby; Thinking about harming yourself or your baby. […] Any new mother who experiences these symptoms should see a health care provider right away to find out whether she has postpartum depression and, if so, receive appropriate treatment.

• #41 Postpartum Depression Signs – Serious Warning Signs of PPD to Look For

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/signs/

  Postpartum depression is a highly individual experience. The symptoms of postpartum depression and what the condition looks like vary from one person to the next. Some of the common signs of PPD show up right after birth, while others do not appear for several weeks or months and into the first year. During the second and third weeks following pregnancy, it is common for new mothers to experience postpartum baby blues. Symptoms of baby blues include: Anxiety, Crying, Irritability, Restlessness, Tiredness. These are common feelings that often result from hormonal changes right after birth, such as decreases in estrogen and progesterone levels produced by the thyroid. They do not necessarily point to a more severe type of postpartum depression. Though these symptoms can be challenging, they typically go away within a few weeks and do not require treatment. Sometimes, these milder baby blues symptoms do not fade and instead intensify or worsen within three to four weeks following pregnancy. When women experience increased or ongoing symptoms, this could be an indication of postpartum depression or even postpartum psychosis. More severe symptoms of postpartum depression include: Excessive crying, Panic attacks, Loss of appetite, Insomnia, Loss of energy and motivation, Withdrawal and isolation, Severe mood swings, Thoughts of harming the baby or yourself. Postpartum depression symptoms can manifest in multiple ways and forms, affecting women emotionally, mentally, physically, and behaviorally. During postpartum depression, also known as perinatal depression, women most commonly experience emotional symptoms that affect their feelings. These emotional symptoms include: Excessive and uncontrollable crying, Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness, Feeling numb or empty, Extremes in mood swings, Irritability and restlessness, Feeling anger and rage, Becoming easily frustrated, Feeling anxious and afraid, Feeling guilt and shame. In addition to emotional symptoms, a woman with PPD may experience shifts in her thoughts and mentality. Here are some of the mental symptoms of postpartum depression: Inability to concentrate, Trouble remembering details, Difficulty making decisions, Doubting your ability to care for your baby, Thinking life events are too overwhelming to handle, Thinking you have failed or are inadequate, feelings of worthlessness. Postpartum depression also manifests physically and creates symptoms that affect the body. Physical symptoms of postpartum depression include: Changes in appetite, such as eating too much or too little, Trouble sleeping, Oversleeping, Fatigue and loss of energy, Muscle aches and pains, Headaches, Stomach pains. Women with postpartum depression also experience behavioral changes, to the point they may seem as though they are behaving like a different person. Here are common behavioral symptoms of postpartum depression: Acting distant from partner or spouse, Withdrawing from loved ones and social activities, Inability to form a bond with the new baby, Unwilling to care for the baby out of fear of harming them, Not being able to enjoy time with friends and family members, Not wanting to be alone with the baby, Angry behavior toward others. It is incredibly common for women to experience postpartum symptoms in the days and weeks after giving birth. But how do you know when the condition is severe enough to seek help? You may need help for postpartum depression if you: Constantly feel sad or empty, Spend a lot of time crying, Are frequently irritable or angry, Have symptoms that are growing worse over time, Have a history of depression or mental illness that required treatment, such as bipolar disorder or other mood disorders, Have a loss of interest in things you usually enjoy, Have difficulty caring for your baby or completing daily tasks, Have thoughts of suicide or harming your baby. If postpartum depression is left untreated, the symptoms can last several months and even years after the birth of the baby. If treated, symptoms can resolve quickly for new moms, usually within several weeks or a few months. No, you do not always need help if you have postpartum depression symptoms, as it may be postpartum baby blues. If your postpartum depression symptoms last more than two weeks or if you have any risk factors for PPD, it may be a good idea to seek professional help.

• #42 Signs and Symptoms of Postpartum Depression and When to Get Help – San Antonio Behavioral Healthcare Hospital

  https://www.sanantoniobehavioral.com/news/signs-and-symptoms-of-postpartum-depression-and-when-to-get-help/

  If you are dealing with postpartum depression signs, you may notice a change in your eating habits. You may eat more often than usual or lose your appetite. This can lead to sudden weight gain or weight loss. […] Feeling depressed is one of the most common signs of postpartum depression. You may also go through severe mood swings or cry too much. […] Sometimes, women will have recurring thoughts of suicide or death. They may think about harming themselves or their baby. […] Often, moms will struggle to think clearly. They may have difficulties making decisions or concentrating on specific things.

• #43 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Types, Tests, Professional and Self-Care

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression

  Untreated postpartum depression can be dangerous for new moms and their children. A new mom should seek professional help when: Symptoms persist beyond 2 weeks, They can’t function normally, They can’t cope with everyday situations, They have thoughts of harming themselves or their baby, They’re feeling extremely anxious, scared, and panicked most of the day. […] Postpartum depression can happen a few days or even months after childbirth. PPD can happen after the birth of any child, not just the first child. You can have feelings similar to the baby blues — sadness, despair, anxiety, crankiness — but you feel them much more strongly. PPD often keeps you from doing the things you need to do every day. When your ability to function is affected, you need to see a health care provider, such as your OB/GYN or primary care doctor. This doctor can screen you for depression symptoms and come up with a treatment plan. If you don’t get treatment for PPD, symptoms can get worse. While PPD is a serious condition, it can be treated with medication and counseling.

• #44 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  Symptoms of clinical depression and postpartum depression are the same. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but may begin up to six months after birth. You may have postpartum depression if you experience the following symptoms for most of the day, every day, for at least two consecutive weeks: Feelings of extreme sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, Frequent and excessive crying, or crying for no apparent reason, Loss of interest or lack of enjoyment in usual activities and hobbies, Oversleeping or trouble falling asleep, Severe anxiety, worrying or panic attacks, Loss of appetite or eating too much, or unintentional weight loss or weight gain, Overwhelming feelings of worthlessness, inadequacy or guilt, Feelings of extreme anger or rage, Feeling moody, irritable, or restless, Extreme mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, remembering things or making decisions, Feeling that life isn’t worth living, Having low energy or extreme fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest, Physical aches and pains, including frequent headaches, stomach problems, and muscle pain, Withdrawing from or avoiding friends and family, Difficulty bonding or forming an emotional attachment with the baby, Being uninterested in or unable to care for the baby, Persistent doubt in ability to care for the baby or worrying excessively about the baby, Thoughts of harming oneself or baby, Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

• #45 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  Most new moms experience postpartum „baby blues” after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. […] But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first but the symptoms are more intense and last longer. These may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth. But they may begin earlier during pregnancy or later up to a year after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms may include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Crying too much, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep, called insomnia, or sleeping too much, Overwhelming tiredness or loss of energy, Less interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger, Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Reduced ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurring thoughts of death or suicide. […] Untreated, postpartum depression may last for many months or longer.

• #46 8 Early Warning Signs of Postpartum Depression

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/early-warning-signs-postpartum-depression

  You have trouble making decisions or focusing. Maybe you’re too tired to think straight. Maybe you just don’t care. If you can’t decide whether or not to get out of bed, take a shower, change your baby’s diaper, or take them for a walk, these may be early signs of postpartum depression. […] You worry you won’t be a good parent. Being worried about parenting is common among parents whose babies are sick or premature or were born with special needs. But if this is not your situation, then having constant doubts about yourself as a parent could mean something else. […] Your sleep patterns or eating habits have changed. It’s natural for the way you sleep and eat to change when you become a new parent. But if you can’t even rest when your child is napping, or you’re sleeping all the time, that’s likely something other than a new sleep pattern.

• #47 Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/postpartum-depression

  Although PPD often is characterized by sadness, anxiety, and chronic fatigue, it has a variety of symptoms. PPD symptoms may be short-term or long-term, mild or severe, and acute or chronic. […] Common symptoms of postpartum depression include: Constant feelings of sadness, restlessness, anxiety, or hopelessness. Detachment from family and friends. Extreme fatigue and either sleeping too much or too little. Low self-esteem and feelings of worthlessness. Lost interest in their baby or in their favorite activities. Persistent physical problems, such as headaches or an upset stomach. Severe mood swings, including irritability, anger, and sadness, but no joy. Thoughts about hurting themselves or their baby. Trouble concentrating or remembering. Withdrawing from loved ones, including their baby, due to feelings of guilt or shame. […] If you think you’re having a depressive episode or have any symptoms of postpartum depression, seek help from your doctor. Treatment can improve symptoms of postpartum depression and make sure you and your baby are safe and cared for.

• #48 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  Symptoms of clinical depression and postpartum depression are the same. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but may begin up to six months after birth. You may have postpartum depression if you experience the following symptoms for most of the day, every day, for at least two consecutive weeks: Feelings of extreme sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, Frequent and excessive crying, or crying for no apparent reason, Loss of interest or lack of enjoyment in usual activities and hobbies, Oversleeping or trouble falling asleep, Severe anxiety, worrying or panic attacks, Loss of appetite or eating too much, or unintentional weight loss or weight gain, Overwhelming feelings of worthlessness, inadequacy or guilt, Feelings of extreme anger or rage, Feeling moody, irritable, or restless, Extreme mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, remembering things or making decisions, Feeling that life isn’t worth living, Having low energy or extreme fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest, Physical aches and pains, including frequent headaches, stomach problems, and muscle pain, Withdrawing from or avoiding friends and family, Difficulty bonding or forming an emotional attachment with the baby, Being uninterested in or unable to care for the baby, Persistent doubt in ability to care for the baby or worrying excessively about the baby, Thoughts of harming oneself or baby, Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

• #49 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The symptoms above can lead to significant distress and impairment. […] The signs and symptoms of perinatal depression are identical to nonpuerperal depression with an additional history of pregnancy or childbirth. Symptoms include depressed mood, loss of interest, changes in sleep patterns, change in appetite, feelings of worthlessness, inability to concentrate, and suicidal ideation. […] Affected patients may also experience anxiety. […] A pivotal factor in the duration of perinatal depression is delayed treatment. Approximately 25% of patients with perinatal depression will have symptoms for 3 years after giving birth. […] Perinatal depression has repercussions beyond possible physical harm to the child. Data reveal that the condition also affects parent-infant bonding. […] Children born to patients with perinatal depression have been found to exhibit marked changes in behavior, altered cognitive development, and early onset of depressive illness.

• #50 About Postpartum Depression

  https://www.zurzuvae.com/en-us/home/about-postpartum-depression-ppd.html

  Its common to go through hormonal, physical, and emotional changes during and after pregnancy. Symptoms of postpartum depression can start while youre pregnant, or after youve given birth. […] Postpartum depression (PPD) is different from the „baby blues,” which usually gets better within 2 weeks without treatment. PPD symptoms are more intense, can last longer, and can be serious if not treated. […] What are some of the signs and symptoms of postpartum depression? Postpartum depression can cause a number of symptoms. Although you may experience different symptoms, some of the more common symptoms include: Persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood, Irritability, Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, hopelessness, or helplessness, Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities, Trouble bonding or forming an emotional attachment with the new baby, Fatigue or abnormal decrease in energy, Persistent doubts about the ability to care for the new baby, Feeling restless or having trouble sitting still, Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions, Difficulty sleeping (even when the baby is sleeping), awakening early in the morning, or oversleeping, Abnormal appetite, weight changes, or both, Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that do not have a clear physical cause or do not ease even with treatment, Thoughts about death, suicide, or harming oneself or the baby.

• #51 What to Know About Zurzuvae, the New Pill to Treat Postpartum Depression > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/postpartum-depression-pill-zurzuvae-zuranolone

  One in seven mothers reports suffering from postpartum depression, a debilitating condition that occurs in the weeks and months after childbirth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms can be very similar to those associated with major depressive disorder, including low mood, tearfulness, poor sleep, as well as a lack of energy and concentration. It can include suicidal thoughts and an irritable mood, she says. […] Although symptoms can arise between two weeks and three months after giving birth, they typically occur within four weeks, she adds. But women can be diagnosed with the condition all the way up through one year postpartum, Dr. Furey says. […] A diagnosis of postpartum depression requires that at least five depressive symptoms last for more than two weeks and are present almost every day. In addition to the symptoms Dr. Furey described above, these can include loss of interest or pleasure, insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive daytime sleepiness), agitation, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, loss of energy or fatigue, impaired concentration or indecisiveness, suicidal ideation, and changes in weight or appetite.

• #52 8 Signs of Postpartum Depression You Can’t Ignore – Bold Health

  https://boldhealthinc.com/8-signs-of-postpartum-depression-you-cant-ignore/

  When you think about the signs of postpartum depression, some more common symptoms may come to mind. You probably think of a pregnant or new mom in despair, sadness, and tears. While those are most definitely symptoms of PPD, there are other signs you may not be aware of. […] The fact is, 1 in 7 women experience PPD. 50% of those women go undiagnosed, most likely because they are afraid to admit they don’t fit the “ideal” or mistake their symptoms for “being hormonal.” […] One of the most surprising symptoms of PPD you may not identify as a symptom is anger. When you have postpartum depression, you may be highly irritable. Many new moms describe the level of anger as rage. […] If you experience this symptom, you may get angry and irritated at everything. […] Forgetfulness, the inability to concentrate, and misplacing things are known as “brain fog” and is another overlooked symptom of PPD.

• #53 Signs and Symptoms of Postpartum Depression and When to Get Help – San Antonio Behavioral Healthcare Hospital

  https://www.sanantoniobehavioral.com/news/signs-and-symptoms-of-postpartum-depression-and-when-to-get-help/

  If you are dealing with postpartum depression signs, you may notice a change in your eating habits. You may eat more often than usual or lose your appetite. This can lead to sudden weight gain or weight loss. […] Feeling depressed is one of the most common signs of postpartum depression. You may also go through severe mood swings or cry too much. […] Sometimes, women will have recurring thoughts of suicide or death. They may think about harming themselves or their baby. […] Often, moms will struggle to think clearly. They may have difficulties making decisions or concentrating on specific things.

• #54 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  Symptoms of clinical depression and postpartum depression are the same. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but may begin up to six months after birth. You may have postpartum depression if you experience the following symptoms for most of the day, every day, for at least two consecutive weeks: Feelings of extreme sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, Frequent and excessive crying, or crying for no apparent reason, Loss of interest or lack of enjoyment in usual activities and hobbies, Oversleeping or trouble falling asleep, Severe anxiety, worrying or panic attacks, Loss of appetite or eating too much, or unintentional weight loss or weight gain, Overwhelming feelings of worthlessness, inadequacy or guilt, Feelings of extreme anger or rage, Feeling moody, irritable, or restless, Extreme mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, remembering things or making decisions, Feeling that life isn’t worth living, Having low energy or extreme fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest, Physical aches and pains, including frequent headaches, stomach problems, and muscle pain, Withdrawing from or avoiding friends and family, Difficulty bonding or forming an emotional attachment with the baby, Being uninterested in or unable to care for the baby, Persistent doubt in ability to care for the baby or worrying excessively about the baby, Thoughts of harming oneself or baby, Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

• #55 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  Most new moms experience postpartum „baby blues” after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. […] But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first but the symptoms are more intense and last longer. These may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth. But they may begin earlier during pregnancy or later up to a year after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms may include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Crying too much, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep, called insomnia, or sleeping too much, Overwhelming tiredness or loss of energy, Less interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger, Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Reduced ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurring thoughts of death or suicide. […] Untreated, postpartum depression may last for many months or longer.

• #56 Symptoms – Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/symptoms/

  problems bonding with your baby, no sense of enjoyment in being with them. […] It can continue for months or years or get worse if nothing is done. […] Depression is treatable and you can get better with the right help. […] Postnatal depression can develop gradually and be hard to recognise. […] Signs for partners, family and friends to look out for in new parents include: frequently crying for no obvious reason […] having difficulty bonding with their baby, looking after them only as a duty and not wanting to play with them […] withdrawing from contact with other people […] speaking negatively all the time and saying that they’re hopeless […] neglecting themselves, such as not washing or changing their clothes […] losing their sense of humour […] constantly worrying that something is wrong with their baby, regardless of reassurance.

• #57 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Types, Tests, Professional and Self-Care

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a complex mix of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that happen in some women after giving birth. According to the DSM-5, a manual used to diagnose mental disorders, PPD is a form of major depression that begins within 4 weeks after delivery. The diagnosis of postpartum depression is based not only on the length of time between delivery and onset but on the severity of the depression. […] Symptoms of postpartum depression can be hard to detect. Many women have these symptoms following childbirth: Trouble sleeping, Appetite changes, Severe fatigue, Lower libido, Frequent mood changes. […] With PPD, these come along with other symptoms of major depression, which aren’t typical after childbirth, and may include: Being uninterested in your baby or feeling like you’re not bonding with them, Crying all the time, often for no reason, Depressed mood, Severe anger and crankiness, Loss of pleasure, Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and helplessness, Thoughts of death or suicide, Thoughts of hurting someone else, Trouble concentrating or making decisions.

• #58 Postpartum Depression Signs – Serious Warning Signs of PPD to Look For

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/signs/

  Postpartum depression is a highly individual experience. The symptoms of postpartum depression and what the condition looks like vary from one person to the next. Some of the common signs of PPD show up right after birth, while others do not appear for several weeks or months and into the first year. During the second and third weeks following pregnancy, it is common for new mothers to experience postpartum baby blues. Symptoms of baby blues include: Anxiety, Crying, Irritability, Restlessness, Tiredness. These are common feelings that often result from hormonal changes right after birth, such as decreases in estrogen and progesterone levels produced by the thyroid. They do not necessarily point to a more severe type of postpartum depression. Though these symptoms can be challenging, they typically go away within a few weeks and do not require treatment. Sometimes, these milder baby blues symptoms do not fade and instead intensify or worsen within three to four weeks following pregnancy. When women experience increased or ongoing symptoms, this could be an indication of postpartum depression or even postpartum psychosis. More severe symptoms of postpartum depression include: Excessive crying, Panic attacks, Loss of appetite, Insomnia, Loss of energy and motivation, Withdrawal and isolation, Severe mood swings, Thoughts of harming the baby or yourself. Postpartum depression symptoms can manifest in multiple ways and forms, affecting women emotionally, mentally, physically, and behaviorally. During postpartum depression, also known as perinatal depression, women most commonly experience emotional symptoms that affect their feelings. These emotional symptoms include: Excessive and uncontrollable crying, Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness, Feeling numb or empty, Extremes in mood swings, Irritability and restlessness, Feeling anger and rage, Becoming easily frustrated, Feeling anxious and afraid, Feeling guilt and shame. In addition to emotional symptoms, a woman with PPD may experience shifts in her thoughts and mentality. Here are some of the mental symptoms of postpartum depression: Inability to concentrate, Trouble remembering details, Difficulty making decisions, Doubting your ability to care for your baby, Thinking life events are too overwhelming to handle, Thinking you have failed or are inadequate, feelings of worthlessness. Postpartum depression also manifests physically and creates symptoms that affect the body. Physical symptoms of postpartum depression include: Changes in appetite, such as eating too much or too little, Trouble sleeping, Oversleeping, Fatigue and loss of energy, Muscle aches and pains, Headaches, Stomach pains. Women with postpartum depression also experience behavioral changes, to the point they may seem as though they are behaving like a different person. Here are common behavioral symptoms of postpartum depression: Acting distant from partner or spouse, Withdrawing from loved ones and social activities, Inability to form a bond with the new baby, Unwilling to care for the baby out of fear of harming them, Not being able to enjoy time with friends and family members, Not wanting to be alone with the baby, Angry behavior toward others. It is incredibly common for women to experience postpartum symptoms in the days and weeks after giving birth. But how do you know when the condition is severe enough to seek help? You may need help for postpartum depression if you: Constantly feel sad or empty, Spend a lot of time crying, Are frequently irritable or angry, Have symptoms that are growing worse over time, Have a history of depression or mental illness that required treatment, such as bipolar disorder or other mood disorders, Have a loss of interest in things you usually enjoy, Have difficulty caring for your baby or completing daily tasks, Have thoughts of suicide or harming your baby. If postpartum depression is left untreated, the symptoms can last several months and even years after the birth of the baby. If treated, symptoms can resolve quickly for new moms, usually within several weeks or a few months. No, you do not always need help if you have postpartum depression symptoms, as it may be postpartum baby blues. If your postpartum depression symptoms last more than two weeks or if you have any risk factors for PPD, it may be a good idea to seek professional help.

• #59 Signs and Symptoms of Postpartum Depression and When to Get Help – San Antonio Behavioral Healthcare Hospital

  https://www.sanantoniobehavioral.com/news/signs-and-symptoms-of-postpartum-depression-and-when-to-get-help/

  Bringing home a new baby is a significant transition, and there are some symptoms of postpartum depression you should watch out for. […] If you suffer from postpartum depression symptoms, you might feel overwhelmingly tired. You may also feel like your energy is completely depleted. Besides being unable to sleep, you may also find yourself sleeping too much. […] Bonding issues are common among women who suffer from postpartum depression. You may not connect or form a close bond with your baby. At the same time, you may also withdraw from relationships with your family and friends. […] When you have postpartum depression, you may feel hopeless or ashamed. Other women feel angry, restless, or worthless. […] In some cases, women will experience panic attacks and anxiety when they have postpartum depression. They may also feel inadequate or fear that they are an unfit mother.

• #60 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  Symptoms of clinical depression and postpartum depression are the same. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but may begin up to six months after birth. You may have postpartum depression if you experience the following symptoms for most of the day, every day, for at least two consecutive weeks: Feelings of extreme sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, Frequent and excessive crying, or crying for no apparent reason, Loss of interest or lack of enjoyment in usual activities and hobbies, Oversleeping or trouble falling asleep, Severe anxiety, worrying or panic attacks, Loss of appetite or eating too much, or unintentional weight loss or weight gain, Overwhelming feelings of worthlessness, inadequacy or guilt, Feelings of extreme anger or rage, Feeling moody, irritable, or restless, Extreme mood swings, Difficulty concentrating, remembering things or making decisions, Feeling that life isn’t worth living, Having low energy or extreme fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest, Physical aches and pains, including frequent headaches, stomach problems, and muscle pain, Withdrawing from or avoiding friends and family, Difficulty bonding or forming an emotional attachment with the baby, Being uninterested in or unable to care for the baby, Persistent doubt in ability to care for the baby or worrying excessively about the baby, Thoughts of harming oneself or baby, Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

• #61 Postpartum depression (PPD)

  https://www.babycenter.com/baby/postpartum-health/postpartum-depression-ppd_227

  Many women with postpartum depression have thoughts like: „I’m a bad mother.” „I feel guilty because I’m supposed to be happy.” „I should be able to control how I feel.” „I’m ashamed that I don’t feel happy.” „I’m not bonding with my baby, so I’m probably not meant to be a mom.” […] You may have postpartum depression if you experience any of these symptoms almost every day: Extreme sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness; Crying all the time; Loss of interest or lack of enjoyment in your usual activities and hobbies; Trouble falling sleep at night, or trouble staying awake during the day; Loss of appetite or eating too much, or unintentional weight loss or weight gain; Overwhelming feelings of worthlessness or overpowering guilt; Restlessness or sluggishness; Difficulty concentrating or making decisions; Feeling that life isn’t worth living; Severe mood swings; Difficulty bonding with your baby; Severe anxiety; Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby.

• #62 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  Most new moms experience postpartum „baby blues” after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. […] But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first but the symptoms are more intense and last longer. These may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth. But they may begin earlier during pregnancy or later up to a year after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms may include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Crying too much, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep, called insomnia, or sleeping too much, Overwhelming tiredness or loss of energy, Less interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger, Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Reduced ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurring thoughts of death or suicide. […] Untreated, postpartum depression may last for many months or longer.

• #63 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  In rare cases, some women with postpartum depression experience delusional thoughts or hallucinations, paranoia, and obsessions, and may harm their baby. This is called postpartum psychosis and requires immediate treatment. […] Postpartum depression can develop due to a combination of hormonal, environmental, emotional, and genetic factors. […] Unlike depression that is unrelated to pregnancy, postpartum depression is linked to unique hormonal changes that occur after childbirth. Sudden changes in hormone levels after delivering a baby can trigger depression in women who are more sensitive to shifts in estrogen and progesterone. […] If you think you are struggling with postpartum depression, the first and most important step you can take is seeking help. […] If you have any symptoms of depression, call your doctor to set up an appointment to discuss your issues and treatment options. […] It’s important to call your doctor as soon as possible if your depression symptoms exhibit any of these features: Remain after two weeks, Are worsening over time, Make it hard for you to care for your baby, Make it hard to complete everyday tasks, Include thoughts of harming yourself or your baby.

• #64 Postpartum Depression | The Center for Health Care Services

  https://chcsbc.org/get-help/adults/mental-health/postpartum-depression/

  Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first — but the signs and symptoms are more intense and last longer, and may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but may begin earlier — during pregnancy — or later — up to a year after birth. […] May Include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Excessive crying, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep (insomnia) or sleeping too much, Overwhelming fatigue or loss of energy, Reduced interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger. […] Other signs and symptoms may include: Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Diminished ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

• #65 What to Know About Zurzuvae, the New Pill to Treat Postpartum Depression > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/postpartum-depression-pill-zurzuvae-zuranolone

  One in seven mothers reports suffering from postpartum depression, a debilitating condition that occurs in the weeks and months after childbirth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms can be very similar to those associated with major depressive disorder, including low mood, tearfulness, poor sleep, as well as a lack of energy and concentration. It can include suicidal thoughts and an irritable mood, she says. […] Although symptoms can arise between two weeks and three months after giving birth, they typically occur within four weeks, she adds. But women can be diagnosed with the condition all the way up through one year postpartum, Dr. Furey says. […] A diagnosis of postpartum depression requires that at least five depressive symptoms last for more than two weeks and are present almost every day. In addition to the symptoms Dr. Furey described above, these can include loss of interest or pleasure, insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive daytime sleepiness), agitation, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, loss of energy or fatigue, impaired concentration or indecisiveness, suicidal ideation, and changes in weight or appetite.

• #66 8 Early Warning Signs of Postpartum Depression

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/early-warning-signs-postpartum-depression

  You lose motivation, energy, and interest in your baby. If you notice a change in how active you’re able to be or if you have a decrease in interest in your baby or feel like you don’t want your baby, talk to your doctor as soon as possible. This is another symptom of postpartum depression. […] You think about harming yourself or your baby. Thoughts of suicide, or hurting yourself or your baby, are advanced signs of postpartum depression and even postpartum psychosis, a rare and serious mental illness that happens with postpartum depression. If you’re having any kind of suicidal thoughts, you’re in crisis and need to call your doctor or the Suicide Crisis Lifeline at 988 immediately to get help. […] Some warning signs you may have postpartum depression include: Your depression becomes stronger over time. Your strong emotions last for more than 2 weeks. You have trouble taking care of your baby. It’s difficult to handle normal daily tasks. You have thoughts about hurting yourself or your baby.

• #67 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Types, Tests, Professional and Self-Care

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a complex mix of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that happen in some women after giving birth. According to the DSM-5, a manual used to diagnose mental disorders, PPD is a form of major depression that begins within 4 weeks after delivery. The diagnosis of postpartum depression is based not only on the length of time between delivery and onset but on the severity of the depression. […] Symptoms of postpartum depression can be hard to detect. Many women have these symptoms following childbirth: Trouble sleeping, Appetite changes, Severe fatigue, Lower libido, Frequent mood changes. […] With PPD, these come along with other symptoms of major depression, which aren’t typical after childbirth, and may include: Being uninterested in your baby or feeling like you’re not bonding with them, Crying all the time, often for no reason, Depressed mood, Severe anger and crankiness, Loss of pleasure, Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and helplessness, Thoughts of death or suicide, Thoughts of hurting someone else, Trouble concentrating or making decisions.

• #68 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  In rare cases, some women with postpartum depression experience delusional thoughts or hallucinations, paranoia, and obsessions, and may harm their baby. This is called postpartum psychosis and requires immediate treatment. […] Postpartum depression can develop due to a combination of hormonal, environmental, emotional, and genetic factors. […] Unlike depression that is unrelated to pregnancy, postpartum depression is linked to unique hormonal changes that occur after childbirth. Sudden changes in hormone levels after delivering a baby can trigger depression in women who are more sensitive to shifts in estrogen and progesterone. […] If you think you are struggling with postpartum depression, the first and most important step you can take is seeking help. […] If you have any symptoms of depression, call your doctor to set up an appointment to discuss your issues and treatment options. […] It’s important to call your doctor as soon as possible if your depression symptoms exhibit any of these features: Remain after two weeks, Are worsening over time, Make it hard for you to care for your baby, Make it hard to complete everyday tasks, Include thoughts of harming yourself or your baby.

• #69 About Perinatal Mental Health | Postpartum Support International (PSI)SearchFacebookInstagram-1PinterestLinkedinVimeoYoutube-playScroll to top

  https://postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/

  Perinatal Psychosis is treatable, and help is available. You do not need a diagnosis to reach out for help. […] Symptoms of perinatal psychosis can include: Delusions or strange beliefs, Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there), Feeling very agitated, Hyperactivity or having more energy than usual, Severe depression or lack of emotion, Decreased need for or inability to sleep, Paranoia and suspiciousness, Rapid mood swings, Difficulty communicating at times.

• #70 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  The timeline for postpartum depression (PPD) varies among individuals. Some may experience symptoms immediately after giving birth, while others may not show signs for years. PPD affects millions of women both in the U.S. and worldwide. Understanding the factors that influence PPD, its stages, and recovery duration is essential. […] Postpartum depression (PPD), formerly called baby blues, is a mental health condition with a variety of signs and symptoms. Known to affect women who have recently given birth, PPD can also affect women for years to come and take a toll on loved ones and family members. […] Initial PPD symptoms may first appear at different times for different women. The recovery timeline may be determined in part by how soon after childbirth a woman experiences the initial symptoms of postpartum depression. Signs of postpartum depression mimic the signs of many other depressive and mood disorders, such as major depression and bipolar disorder.

• #71 Delayed postpartum depression: What you should know

  https://flo.health/being-a-mom/recovering-from-birth/emotions-after-delivery/how-to-identify-and-treat-delayed-postpartum-depression

  Delayed postpartum depression is a mood disorder that can affect new parents up to a year after their baby is born. […] If your symptoms include crying spells, mood swings, anxiety, guilt, or sadness up to one year after giving birth, then these symptoms match those of delayed postpartum depression, and you should get help. […] Postpartum depression typically develops within the first few weeks after giving birth, but it can start anytime during your child’s first year. The onset of PPD can be delayed. […] Postpartum depression symptoms usually develop within one to three weeks after giving birth, but they can start anytime during pregnancy and up to the first year postpartum. […] Postpartum depression can be delayed and start at six months. If you experience symptoms of depression at any time, reach out to your doctor.

• #72 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that affects women after childbirth. Like clinical depression, postpartum depression causes women to experience feelings of extreme sadness, anxiety, hopelessness and exhaustion that can make it difficult for them to fulfill daily needs and care for themselves and others. It may cause women to feel like they cant or dont want to bond with or care for their child. […] Postpartum depression can develop any time during the first year after birth, but it most commonly affects mothers during the first three weeks after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms are prolonged and severe. If you experience strong negative feelings, such as sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest, that interfere with daily life and last for prolonged periods of time for weeks or even months you may have postpartum depression.

• #73 Open Search

  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/pregnancy/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression is depression that happens after you have a baby. About 1 in 9 postpartum people experience symptoms of postpartum depression. With this kind of depression, you may feel sad, hopeless, anxious, and/or disconnected from your baby for weeks or months. Postpartum depression lasts longer and is more intense than the baby blues. […] Postpartum depression lasts for weeks or months and tends to be more intense. It generally starts about 1-3 weeks after giving birth. It might prevent you from being able to care for yourself, your baby, and the rest of your family. […] Someone with postpartum depression may experience: Sadness, anxiety, or anger that doesn’t go away; Feeling worthless, helpless, guilty, hopeless, or irritable; Feeling distant from your baby; Crying more than usual; Loss of energy; Withdrawing from friends and family; Trouble concentrating or making decisions; Appetite changes (eating more or less than usual); Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much; Constant doubts about your ability to raise your baby; Thoughts about hurting yourself or your baby.

• #74 Postpartum Depression – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/postpartum-care-and-associated-disorders/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression is depressive symptoms during the first year after delivery that last 2 weeks and meet criteria for major depression. […] Postpartum depression occurs in 7% of women during the first year after delivery. […] Symptoms of postpartum depression are similar to those of major depression and may include extreme sadness, mood swings, uncontrollable crying, insomnia or increased sleep, loss of appetite or overeating, irritability and anger, headaches and body aches and pains, extreme fatigue, unrealistic worries about or disinterest in the baby, a feeling of being incapable of caring for the baby or of being inadequate as a mother, fear of harming the baby, guilt about her feelings, suicidal ideation, and anxiety or panic attacks. […] Typically, symptoms develop insidiously over 3 months, but onset can be more sudden.

• #75 Delayed postpartum depression: What you should know

  https://flo.health/being-a-mom/recovering-from-birth/emotions-after-delivery/how-to-identify-and-treat-delayed-postpartum-depression

  Delayed postpartum depression is a mood disorder that can affect new parents up to a year after their baby is born. […] If your symptoms include crying spells, mood swings, anxiety, guilt, or sadness up to one year after giving birth, then these symptoms match those of delayed postpartum depression, and you should get help. […] Postpartum depression typically develops within the first few weeks after giving birth, but it can start anytime during your child’s first year. The onset of PPD can be delayed. […] Postpartum depression symptoms usually develop within one to three weeks after giving birth, but they can start anytime during pregnancy and up to the first year postpartum. […] Postpartum depression can be delayed and start at six months. If you experience symptoms of depression at any time, reach out to your doctor.

• #76 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  In some cases, new mothers and others who have recently given birth experience postpartum depression symptoms almost immediately. Symptoms can begin in as little as 48 hours and up to 4 weeks after childbirth. These symptoms are often acute and severe. They can be debilitating during the period right after childbirth. […] Most cases of postpartum depression start 1 to 6 months following childbirth. It is common for postpartum depression to begin sometime within the first 3 months after giving birth. Some women may not show any symptoms until 6 months following childbirth. These delayed symptoms can be shocking for many new parents to cope with. […] Less commonly, women report symptoms of postpartum depression long after childbirth. Sometimes, women may experience postpartum depression after the first year and up to 4 years after delivering their child. These long-term symptoms can greatly affect her quality of life.

• #77 Delayed postpartum depression: What you should know

  https://flo.health/being-a-mom/recovering-from-birth/emotions-after-delivery/how-to-identify-and-treat-delayed-postpartum-depression

  Delayed postpartum depression is a mood disorder that can affect new parents up to a year after their baby is born. […] If your symptoms include crying spells, mood swings, anxiety, guilt, or sadness up to one year after giving birth, then these symptoms match those of delayed postpartum depression, and you should get help. […] Postpartum depression typically develops within the first few weeks after giving birth, but it can start anytime during your child’s first year. The onset of PPD can be delayed. […] Postpartum depression symptoms usually develop within one to three weeks after giving birth, but they can start anytime during pregnancy and up to the first year postpartum. […] Postpartum depression can be delayed and start at six months. If you experience symptoms of depression at any time, reach out to your doctor.

• #78 Postpartum depression: When it starts, early warning signs, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/when-does-postpartum-depression-start

  Postpartum depression (PPD) usually occurs within 46 weeks of giving birth. […] PPD most commonly occurs within 6 weeks of giving birth. However, according to the newest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR), PPD may also begin when a person is pregnant. The manual states that PPD is any new episode of depression that begins during pregnancy or within 4 weeks of delivery. […] It is important for a person to know that they do not need to deal with their symptoms in silence. Regardless of when a persons depression symptoms start, they should always feel able to seek help. […] Some early warning signs include: feeling very sad all or most of the time, being unable to experience joy or pleasure, having symptoms similar to those of an earlier depression episode, having difficulty bonding with the baby, experiencing feelings of sadness or despair that last longer than a few days, having thoughts of self-harm.

• #79 Postnatal depression | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/mental-health/postnatal-depression/

  Postnatal depression is a type of depression. Many parents experience it after having a baby. Its a common problem, affecting more than 1 in every 10 mothers within a year of giving birth. It can also affect fathers and partners, although this is less common. Postnatal depression affects everyone differently. It can start at any point in the first year after giving birth. It can continue from depression in pregnancy. It may develop suddenly or gradually. If your symptoms last longer or start later, you could have postnatal depression. The main symptoms of postnatal depression include: a persistent feeling of sadness and low mood, loss of interest in the world around you, no longer enjoying things that used to give you pleasure, lack of energy and feeling tired all the time, trouble sleeping at night, feeling sleepy during the day, feeling that youre unable to look after your baby, problems concentrating and making decisions, loss of appetite or an increased appetite (comfort eating), feeling agitated, irritable or very apathetic (you cant be bothered), feelings of guilt, hopelessness and self-blame, difficulty bonding with your baby feeling of indifference and no sense of enjoyment in their company, frightening thoughts, for example, about hurting your baby these can be scary, but theyre very rarely acted upon, thinking about suicide and self-harm. These symptoms can affect your day-to-day life and your relationships with your baby, family and friends. Postnatal depression can develop gradually and it can be hard to recognise. Some parents may avoid talking to family and friends about how theyre feeling. This may be because they worry theyll be judged for not coping or not appearing happy. If you think someone you know is depressed, encourage them to talk about their feelings. Postnatal depression can be lonely, distressing and frightening. But, support and treatments are available. With the right treatment and support, most people make a full recovery, although it can take time. Psychological therapies are usually the first treatment recommended for postnatal depression. Antidepressants may be recommended if: you have moderate or severe depression, you dont want to try psychological treatment, psychological treatment doesnt help, you have mild postnatal depression and a previous history of depression. They can help ease symptoms like: low mood, irritability, lack of concentration, sleeplessness. This helps you to function normally and helps you cope better with your new baby. You might be referred to a specialist perinatal mental health team if your depression: is very severe, doesnt respond to treatment like antidepressants, self-help or therapy.

• #80 Timing of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms

  https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/23_0107.htm

  Postpartum depression is common and can last long-term. Few studies have examined depressive symptoms late (9-10 months) in the postpartum period. […] We found 7.2% of postpartum women had depressive symptoms at 9 to 10 months after giving birth, 57.4% of whom did not have postpartum depressive symptoms at 2 to 6 months after giving birth. About 3.1% had symptoms of depression at both times. […] Nearly 3 in 5 women with PDS at 9 to 10 months did not report PDS at 2 to 6 months. Screening for depression throughout the first postpartum year can identify women who are not symptomatic early in the postpartum period but later develop symptoms. […] In this population-based study of women with live births in 7 US states with high rates of opioid-involved overdose deaths, we found that approximately 1 in 15 women with a recent live birth reported PDS at 9 to 10 months (7.2%) and 11.9% reported PDS at 2 to 6 months. More than half of women with PDS at 9 to 10 months (57.0%) reported having prior depression (before or during pregnancy). Notably, more than half (57.4%) of women with PDS at 9 to 10 months did not report depressive symptoms earlier in the postpartum period (i.e., at 2-6 months). We also found that overall, 3.1% of women had PDS at both time periods, and more than two-thirds (68.5%) of those women reported having prior depression. […] The clinical course of perinatal depressive symptom severity and duration varies from person to person, and persistent depressive symptoms can last well beyond the perinatal period.

• #81 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #82 Postpartum depression may last for years | National Institutes of Health (NIH)

  https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/postpartum-depression-may-last-years

  About 5% of women reported persistently high levels of postpartum depression symptoms for three years after giving birth. […] Many women develop symptoms of postpartum depression after giving birth. These include anxiety, sadness, difficulty sleeping, exhaustion, or disturbing thoughts. […] Postpartum depression can make it difficult for new mothers to take care of themselves and their babies. […] Postpartum depression isn’t the same for everyone. Researchers have found many differences in symptoms between individual women, as well as how early it starts and how long it lasts. […] The women’s experiences with postpartum depression fell into four main trajectories. In the most common, women had levels of symptoms that remained low over time. […] A second group, making up 8% of participants, had low levels of symptoms at four months after birth that grew worse over time. Another 13% had moderate symptoms that decreased over time. And about 5% experienced high levels of depressive symptoms that stayed higher than the other groups, even years after giving birth in some women. […] Women with a previous mood disorder diagnosis and those who experienced gestational diabetes were the most likely to fall into the group with persistently high symptoms. […] Our study indicates that six months may not be long enough to gauge depressive symptoms.

• #83 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #84 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #85 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #86 Postpartum depression may last for years | National Institutes of Health (NIH)

  https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/postpartum-depression-may-last-years

  About 5% of women reported persistently high levels of postpartum depression symptoms for three years after giving birth. […] Many women develop symptoms of postpartum depression after giving birth. These include anxiety, sadness, difficulty sleeping, exhaustion, or disturbing thoughts. […] Postpartum depression can make it difficult for new mothers to take care of themselves and their babies. […] Postpartum depression isn’t the same for everyone. Researchers have found many differences in symptoms between individual women, as well as how early it starts and how long it lasts. […] The women’s experiences with postpartum depression fell into four main trajectories. In the most common, women had levels of symptoms that remained low over time. […] A second group, making up 8% of participants, had low levels of symptoms at four months after birth that grew worse over time. Another 13% had moderate symptoms that decreased over time. And about 5% experienced high levels of depressive symptoms that stayed higher than the other groups, even years after giving birth in some women. […] Women with a previous mood disorder diagnosis and those who experienced gestational diabetes were the most likely to fall into the group with persistently high symptoms. […] Our study indicates that six months may not be long enough to gauge depressive symptoms.

• #87 Postpartum depression may last for years | National Institutes of Health (NIH)

  https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/postpartum-depression-may-last-years

  About 5% of women reported persistently high levels of postpartum depression symptoms for three years after giving birth. […] Many women develop symptoms of postpartum depression after giving birth. These include anxiety, sadness, difficulty sleeping, exhaustion, or disturbing thoughts. […] Postpartum depression can make it difficult for new mothers to take care of themselves and their babies. […] Postpartum depression isn’t the same for everyone. Researchers have found many differences in symptoms between individual women, as well as how early it starts and how long it lasts. […] The women’s experiences with postpartum depression fell into four main trajectories. In the most common, women had levels of symptoms that remained low over time. […] A second group, making up 8% of participants, had low levels of symptoms at four months after birth that grew worse over time. Another 13% had moderate symptoms that decreased over time. And about 5% experienced high levels of depressive symptoms that stayed higher than the other groups, even years after giving birth in some women. […] Women with a previous mood disorder diagnosis and those who experienced gestational diabetes were the most likely to fall into the group with persistently high symptoms. […] Our study indicates that six months may not be long enough to gauge depressive symptoms.

• #88 Postpartum depression may last for years | National Institutes of Health (NIH)

  https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/postpartum-depression-may-last-years

  About 5% of women reported persistently high levels of postpartum depression symptoms for three years after giving birth. […] Many women develop symptoms of postpartum depression after giving birth. These include anxiety, sadness, difficulty sleeping, exhaustion, or disturbing thoughts. […] Postpartum depression can make it difficult for new mothers to take care of themselves and their babies. […] Postpartum depression isn’t the same for everyone. Researchers have found many differences in symptoms between individual women, as well as how early it starts and how long it lasts. […] The women’s experiences with postpartum depression fell into four main trajectories. In the most common, women had levels of symptoms that remained low over time. […] A second group, making up 8% of participants, had low levels of symptoms at four months after birth that grew worse over time. Another 13% had moderate symptoms that decreased over time. And about 5% experienced high levels of depressive symptoms that stayed higher than the other groups, even years after giving birth in some women. […] Women with a previous mood disorder diagnosis and those who experienced gestational diabetes were the most likely to fall into the group with persistently high symptoms. […] Our study indicates that six months may not be long enough to gauge depressive symptoms.

• #89 Timing of Postpartum Depression Onset May Predict Symptom Pattern – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/ppd-onset-symptom-pattern/

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and complicated illness, affecting about 15% of women in the perinatal period. Recent research from the PACT consortium (Postpartum Depression: Action Toward Causes and Treatment) has sought to classify the many potential subtypes of this heterogenous illness and has found emerging differences in time of onset, severity, comorbid anxiety, and suicidal ideation. […] The divergence of symptoms among women who begin to experience PPD symptoms before delivery compared to those who only experience symptoms after delivery suggests that time of onset may play an important role in treatment considerations. […] Five subtypes of perinatal depression were identified by isolating symptom patterns in women that differed in severity, time of onset, and type of symptoms:

• #90 Timing of Postpartum Depression Onset May Predict Symptom Pattern – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/ppd-onset-symptom-pattern/

  Subtype 1: Severe anxious depression most typically emerged in the first trimester of pregnancy or more than 8 weeks after birth. Ninety-eight percent (98%) of women with this subtype were categorized in the moderate to severe or very severe EPDS categories (mean EPDS score 20.2) and suffered severe depression and anxiety symptoms but did not have comparably high rates of anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure). Nearly all women in this category (99%) endorsed thoughts of self-harm. […] Subtype 2: Moderate anxious depression shared a similar onset pattern as severe anxious depression. Women experienced moderate anxiety and depression symptoms (mean EPDS score 16.0), and most also endorsed thoughts of self-harm (76%). Many of these women also reported depression symptoms prior to pregnancy.

• #91 Timing of Postpartum Depression Onset May Predict Symptom Pattern – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/ppd-onset-symptom-pattern/

  Subtype 3: Anxious anhedonia, like subtype 1, resulted in high rates of moderate to severe and very severe EPDS scores (mean EPDS score 19.2). Symptoms emerged most frequently within 8 weeks postpartum, with rare onset during pregnancy, and carried high anxiety and high anhedonia, but few thoughts of self-harm. […] Subtype 4: Pure anhedonia showed lower EPDS scores (mean 14.9) but about half of the women endorsed thoughts of self-harm (47%). Few women had onset during the immediate postpartum period (0-4 weeks), but otherwise time of onset was spread evenly across all pregnancy and postpartum periods of study. […] Subtype 5: Resolved depression showed an onset of symptoms during the perinatal period which had resolved at time of EPDS assessment. Symptoms typically emerged during the third trimester of pregnancy, and this subtype was characterized much lower EPDS scores (mean 4.1) than other subtypes.

• #92 Timing of Postpartum Depression Onset May Predict Symptom Pattern – MGH Center for Women’s Mental Health

  https://womensmentalhealth.org/posts/ppd-onset-symptom-pattern/

  Several clinically-important findings were also noted. During pregnancy, onset of depression symptoms in the second or third trimesters was associated with better outcomes in postpartum EPDS assessments. Conversely, onset of symptoms during the first 8 weeks of the postpartum period was associated with higher rates of severe depression (almost 4 times higher than women who reported onset during pregnancy). […] Considering the enormous hormonal fluctuations taking place during the transition from pregnancy to the postpartum period, it is possible that these hormonal shifts could have exacerbated severity in the early postpartum period; thus, this finding may indicate important biological differences in subtypes. Comorbid anxiety and anhedonia were additionally associated with both pregnancy and obstetric complications.

• #93 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #94 How Long Does Postpartum Depression (PPD) Last?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/how-long-does-postpartum-depression-last

  Postpartum depression (PPD) can last for several months. You may feel better faster by getting help as soon as possible. Relief from PPD is possible with the right interventions. […] However, new parents still experiencing these feelings beyond the 2-week milestone may have postpartum depression (PPD), which is characterized by more severe symptoms that last much longer than the baby blues. […] PPD can linger for months or even years if left untreated, but you don’t have to live with it in silence until it goes away. There are treatment options. […] For PPD to be diagnosed, symptoms are typically present almost every day and tend to disrupt daily routines. Some of these symptoms include: depressed mood, loss of interest in things you used to be interested in, insomnia, low self-esteem, guilt, difficulty concentrating, a marked change in weight, hallucinations, thoughts of suicide.

• #95 Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/overview/

  Many women do not realise they have postnatal depression because it can develop gradually. […] Postnatal depression can be lonely, distressing and frightening, but support and effective treatments are available. […] Postnatal depression is often misunderstood and there are many myths surrounding it. […] Unlike the „baby blues”, postnatal depression can persist for months if left untreated and in a minority of cases it can become a long-term problem.

• #96 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Types, Tests, Professional and Self-Care

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression that’s not treated can last for months or longer, even turning into a chronic depressive disorder. Even with treatment, postpartum depression can make you more likely to have episodes of depression in the future. […] If you have a history of postpartum depression, your doctor may recommend treatment as soon as you have the baby.

• #97 Postpartum depression – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623

  Postpartum depression is often treated with psychotherapy also called talk therapy or mental health counseling medicine or both. […] With appropriate treatment, postpartum depression symptoms usually improve. In some cases, postpartum depression can continue and become long term, which is called chronic depression. It’s important to continue treatment after you begin to feel better. Stopping treatment too early may lead to a relapse.

• #98 Postpartum Depression – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/womens-health/postpartum-depression-a-to-z

  Usually, symptoms of postpartum depression last for a few weeks before the condition is diagnosed. Without treatment, symptoms can last for months. With treatment, many women feel better within weeks. […] Most mothers with postpartum depression recover completely. This is especially true if the illness is diagnosed and treated early. About 50% of women who recover from postpartum depression develop the illness again after future pregnancies. To decrease this risk, some doctors suggest that women with a history of postpartum depression should start antidepressants immediately after the baby is delivered, before the onset of depression symptoms.

• #99 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The symptoms above can lead to significant distress and impairment. […] The signs and symptoms of perinatal depression are identical to nonpuerperal depression with an additional history of pregnancy or childbirth. Symptoms include depressed mood, loss of interest, changes in sleep patterns, change in appetite, feelings of worthlessness, inability to concentrate, and suicidal ideation. […] Affected patients may also experience anxiety. […] A pivotal factor in the duration of perinatal depression is delayed treatment. Approximately 25% of patients with perinatal depression will have symptoms for 3 years after giving birth. […] Perinatal depression has repercussions beyond possible physical harm to the child. Data reveal that the condition also affects parent-infant bonding. […] Children born to patients with perinatal depression have been found to exhibit marked changes in behavior, altered cognitive development, and early onset of depressive illness.

• #100 When Does Postpartum Depression Start and End?

  https://www.parents.com/baby/health/postpartum-depression/postpartum-depression-timeline/

  Research suggests that the longer a person experiences PPD after giving birth, the more likely they are to experience chronic depression. For instance, one study found that the majority of people who experienced severe depression at two and eight months postpartum continued to experience symptoms of depression more than 10 years later.

• #101 Postpartum Depression – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/womens-health/postpartum-depression-a-to-z

  Usually, symptoms of postpartum depression last for a few weeks before the condition is diagnosed. Without treatment, symptoms can last for months. With treatment, many women feel better within weeks. […] Most mothers with postpartum depression recover completely. This is especially true if the illness is diagnosed and treated early. About 50% of women who recover from postpartum depression develop the illness again after future pregnancies. To decrease this risk, some doctors suggest that women with a history of postpartum depression should start antidepressants immediately after the baby is delivered, before the onset of depression symptoms.

• #102 Postpartum Depression – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/postpartum-care-and-associated-disorders/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression interferes with women’s ability to care for themselves and their baby. […] Without treatment, postpartum depression can resolve spontaneously or become chronic depression. […] Risk of recurrence is about 1 in 3 to 4. […] Postpartum depression occurs in 7% of women, lasts 2 weeks, and is disabling (in contrast to postpartum blues). […] Symptoms are similar to those of major depression and can also include anxiety. […] Postpartum depression may result in adverse effects on the child or in relationship stress. […] For the best possible outcomes, identify and treat postpartum depression as early as possible.

• #103 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The symptoms above can lead to significant distress and impairment. […] The signs and symptoms of perinatal depression are identical to nonpuerperal depression with an additional history of pregnancy or childbirth. Symptoms include depressed mood, loss of interest, changes in sleep patterns, change in appetite, feelings of worthlessness, inability to concentrate, and suicidal ideation. […] Affected patients may also experience anxiety. […] A pivotal factor in the duration of perinatal depression is delayed treatment. Approximately 25% of patients with perinatal depression will have symptoms for 3 years after giving birth. […] Perinatal depression has repercussions beyond possible physical harm to the child. Data reveal that the condition also affects parent-infant bonding. […] Children born to patients with perinatal depression have been found to exhibit marked changes in behavior, altered cognitive development, and early onset of depressive illness.

• #104 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  There is no way to determine a firm recovery timeline for postpartum depression. That’s because each woman’s experience is unique, as will be her recovery experience. Many women experience very intense but short-term symptoms. Other women experience chronic symptoms that slowly get better over time. A woman’s ability to recover from postpartum depression depends on how soon the signs and symptoms are recognized and addressed. […] The sooner a woman or her family identifies signs of postpartum depression, the sooner she can receive treatment. Following a postpartum depression treatment plan can limit the impact of PPD, reduce how long postpartum depression lasts, and speed up recovery time.

• #105 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #106 What is Postpartum Depression (PPD)? – Beyond Blue

  https://www.beyondblue.org.au/mental-health/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression often starts from four to six weeks after giving birth. However, it can happen anytime during the first year after a baby is born. […] Without treatment, Postpartum depression can last for several months or even years. That’s why it’s extremely important to seek help if symptoms persist. […] The baby blues or 'postpartum blues’ is a conversational term to describe the sadness that women usually experience between the third and tenth day after giving birth. It happens due to changes in hormone levels after giving birth. It is temporary. […] Feelings of rage and anxiety are common with postpartum depression. […] New parents may not recognise postpartum depression it can be mistaken for fatigue. While sleep deprivation and increased levels of stress are normal after a baby is born, they may evolve into postpartum depression if experienced over long periods of time. […] Both parents may experience postpartum depression. In fathers, symptoms often present as increased irritability or withdrawal, as opposed to sadness in mothers. Postpartum depression in men can develop over several months. It can peak between three to six months after a baby is born.

• #107 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #108 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #109 Postnatal depression: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.panda.org.au/articles/postnatal-depression-signs-and-symptoms

  Postnatal depression can be mild, moderate or severe. The symptoms can begin suddenly after birth or gradually in the weeks and months after. […] The severity of postnatal depression depends on the intensity, frequency and type of symptoms, and how much they interfere with your ability to function in daily life. […] The combination and severity of symptoms will be different for every parent but might include […] Some people experience mild symptoms of postnatal anxiety or depression, while others experience moderate to severe symptoms. […] Some mums experiencing symptoms of postnatal depression may also develop symptoms of postnatal psychosis. […] If you are experiencing any of these symptoms (or any others) that are affecting your daily function and mental and emotional wellbeing after the birth of your baby, its a good idea to talk to someone.

• #110 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #111 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #112 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #113 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #114 Postpartum depression – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623

  Postpartum depression is often treated with psychotherapy also called talk therapy or mental health counseling medicine or both. […] With appropriate treatment, postpartum depression symptoms usually improve. In some cases, postpartum depression can continue and become long term, which is called chronic depression. It’s important to continue treatment after you begin to feel better. Stopping treatment too early may lead to a relapse.

• #115 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #116

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/behavioral-health-addiction/postpartum-depression

  A doctor who is skilled in prescribing medications will make careful choices for you based on your unique set of postpartum depression symptoms and health history. […] Having strong support from your partner, family and friends can help you avoid postpartum depression or deal with it if it develops. […] Getting enough sleep and eating healthy foods are just as important when you have a new baby as they are in the rest of your life.

• #117 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #118 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  New fathers/co-parents can also experience symptoms of perinatal depression. Symptoms may include irritability, frustration, guilt, fatigue and changes in eating or sleeping, and any of the other perinatal depression symptoms listed above. An estimated 10% of fathers experience depression in the first year after their child’s birth (Paulson Bazemore 2010). […] Any new mother/birthing individual (or gestational carrier/surrogate) can experience symptoms of perinatal depression or other mood disorders. People are at increased risk of depression during or after pregnancy if they have previously experienced (or have a family history of) depression or other psychiatric disorders, if they are experiencing particularly stressful life events in addition to the pregnancy, or if they do not have the support of family and friends.

• #119 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #120 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  Postpartum depression progresses differently for each woman. Here are some different timelines for how women may experience PPD: Intense PPD symptoms at first, followed by a gradual recovery; Subtle symptoms at first that worsen over several weeks; Symptom shift, where women with PPD experience an initial set of symptoms that change over time. […] Professional treatment for postpartum depression helps control symptoms. However, many women who receive medical treatment continue to experience chronic symptoms of postpartum depression over one year following childbirth. Women who don’t get treatment for their postpartum depression may experience chronic symptoms up to four years after childbirth. […] Several factors can determine the postpartum depression timeline for recovery. These timeline factors include: When the initial symptoms start, The severity of the symptoms and whether they persist chronically, How soon a diagnosis is reached after symptoms present themselves, Which type of postpartum depression the woman is diagnosed with, How quickly treatment began after a diagnosis, The types of treatments a woman gets, How effective the treatment is at managing symptoms, Whether the woman with PPD has a strong healthcare and family or social support system, A woman’s history of depression or anxiety before pregnancy, If the woman is breastfeeding (women who breastfeed display a lower risk of developing PPD), Other life circumstances, such as financial or relationship stress.

• #121 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  Research suggests that rapid changes in sex and stress hormones and thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy and after delivery have a strong effect on moods and may contribute to perinatal depression. Other factors include physical changes related to pregnancy, having a child in the NICU, medical complications for mother/birthing individual or child, changes in relationships and at work, worries about parenting, and lack of sleep. […] Like other types of depression, perinatal depression can be managed with psychotherapy (talk therapy), medication, lifestyle changes and supportive environment or a combination of these. Individuals who are pregnant or nursing should discuss the risks and benefits of medication with their doctors, as well as the risks of untreated depression. […] With proper treatment, most new mothers find relief from their symptoms. Given the high risk of relapse, people who are treated for perinatal depression should continue treatment even after they feel better and discuss with their medical providers the decision to discontinue treatment. If treatment is stopped too soon, symptoms can recur.

• #122 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  Most new moms experience postpartum „baby blues” after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. […] But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first but the symptoms are more intense and last longer. These may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth. But they may begin earlier during pregnancy or later up to a year after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms may include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Crying too much, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep, called insomnia, or sleeping too much, Overwhelming tiredness or loss of energy, Less interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger, Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Reduced ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurring thoughts of death or suicide. […] Untreated, postpartum depression may last for many months or longer.

• #123 Postpartum Depression: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9312-postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression is a type of depression that happens after having a baby. It affects up to 15% of women. Postpartum depression involves emotional highs and lows, frequent crying, fatigue, guilt and anxiety. You may have trouble caring for your baby. Postpartum depression can be treated with medication and counseling. […] If your feelings include extreme sadness or loneliness, severe mood swings and frequent crying spells, you may have postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression is a far more serious condition than the baby blues, affecting about 1 in 7 new moms. You may experience alternating highs and lows, frequent crying, irritability and fatigue, as well as feelings of guilt, anxiety and inability to care for your baby or yourself. Symptoms range from mild to severe and may appear within a week of delivery or gradually, even up to a year later.

• #124 Postpartum Depression Symptoms – When and How to Get Help

  https://www.baystatehealth.org/articles/what-is-postpartum-depression

  Many birthing people experience significant mood changes after childbirth. Its estimated between 50 and 85% of new birthing parents experience a brief postpartum period often termed baby blues feelings of sadness, tearfulness, or emptiness a few short days after giving birth. […] Understanding the difference between postpartum blues and postpartum depression is essential. Postpartum depression is a serious mental health illness that affects behavior and physical health. It is a treatable condition that affects approximately one in seven birthing people. In most cases, postpartum depression begins prior to conception or during pregnancy and persists into the postpartum period, if not adequately treated. Identifying and treating depression prior to delivery can significantly reduce the risk of developing postpartum depression, said Dr. Sharpe.

• #125 Postpartum Depression (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ppd.html

  In the first few weeks of caring for a newborn, most new moms feel anxious, sad, frustrated, tired, and overwhelmed. Sometimes known as the „baby blues,” these feelings get better within a few weeks. But for some women, they are very strong or don’t get better. Postpartum depression is when these feelings don’t go away after about 2 weeks or make it hard for a woman to take care of her baby. […] Symptoms of postpartum depression can vary from woman to woman. But common signs include: feeling sad, hopeless, or overwhelmed; feeling worried, scared, or panicked; blaming yourself unnecessarily; crying a lot; feeling moody; anger; sleeping too much or too little; eating too much or too little; trouble concentrating; not wanting to be with friends and family; not feeling attached to the baby; not wanting to do things that usually are enjoyable.

• #126 Postpartum depression

  https://intermountainhealthcare.org/conditions-treatments/postpartum-depression

  After delivering a baby, it is common for women to struggle with sadness, hopelessness, and other depressive feelings. Fortunately, these depressive feelings and thoughts typically dissipate within weeks of delivery for most women. […] But for about 10% of moms, the „baby blues” continue for a prolonged period and well beyond the initial days of their newborn’s life. This condition is known as postpartum depression, or PPD. […] Almost 50% of women with newborns experience varying degrees of depression, commonly known as „baby blues,” after delivery. For these women, their symptoms start a few days to weeks after birth, and last for a few days or weeks. […] In contrast, postpartum depression is a form of major depression that normally begins for women anywhere from a month to one to two years after delivery.

• #127 What is Postpartum Depression (PPD)? – Beyond Blue

  https://www.beyondblue.org.au/mental-health/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression often starts from four to six weeks after giving birth. However, it can happen anytime during the first year after a baby is born. […] Without treatment, Postpartum depression can last for several months or even years. That’s why it’s extremely important to seek help if symptoms persist. […] The baby blues or 'postpartum blues’ is a conversational term to describe the sadness that women usually experience between the third and tenth day after giving birth. It happens due to changes in hormone levels after giving birth. It is temporary. […] Feelings of rage and anxiety are common with postpartum depression. […] New parents may not recognise postpartum depression it can be mistaken for fatigue. While sleep deprivation and increased levels of stress are normal after a baby is born, they may evolve into postpartum depression if experienced over long periods of time. […] Both parents may experience postpartum depression. In fathers, symptoms often present as increased irritability or withdrawal, as opposed to sadness in mothers. Postpartum depression in men can develop over several months. It can peak between three to six months after a baby is born.

• #128 Postpartum Depression Signs – Serious Warning Signs of PPD to Look For

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/signs/

  Postpartum depression is a highly individual experience. The symptoms of postpartum depression and what the condition looks like vary from one person to the next. Some of the common signs of PPD show up right after birth, while others do not appear for several weeks or months and into the first year. During the second and third weeks following pregnancy, it is common for new mothers to experience postpartum baby blues. Symptoms of baby blues include: Anxiety, Crying, Irritability, Restlessness, Tiredness. These are common feelings that often result from hormonal changes right after birth, such as decreases in estrogen and progesterone levels produced by the thyroid. They do not necessarily point to a more severe type of postpartum depression. Though these symptoms can be challenging, they typically go away within a few weeks and do not require treatment. Sometimes, these milder baby blues symptoms do not fade and instead intensify or worsen within three to four weeks following pregnancy. When women experience increased or ongoing symptoms, this could be an indication of postpartum depression or even postpartum psychosis. More severe symptoms of postpartum depression include: Excessive crying, Panic attacks, Loss of appetite, Insomnia, Loss of energy and motivation, Withdrawal and isolation, Severe mood swings, Thoughts of harming the baby or yourself. Postpartum depression symptoms can manifest in multiple ways and forms, affecting women emotionally, mentally, physically, and behaviorally. During postpartum depression, also known as perinatal depression, women most commonly experience emotional symptoms that affect their feelings. These emotional symptoms include: Excessive and uncontrollable crying, Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness, Feeling numb or empty, Extremes in mood swings, Irritability and restlessness, Feeling anger and rage, Becoming easily frustrated, Feeling anxious and afraid, Feeling guilt and shame. In addition to emotional symptoms, a woman with PPD may experience shifts in her thoughts and mentality. Here are some of the mental symptoms of postpartum depression: Inability to concentrate, Trouble remembering details, Difficulty making decisions, Doubting your ability to care for your baby, Thinking life events are too overwhelming to handle, Thinking you have failed or are inadequate, feelings of worthlessness. Postpartum depression also manifests physically and creates symptoms that affect the body. Physical symptoms of postpartum depression include: Changes in appetite, such as eating too much or too little, Trouble sleeping, Oversleeping, Fatigue and loss of energy, Muscle aches and pains, Headaches, Stomach pains. Women with postpartum depression also experience behavioral changes, to the point they may seem as though they are behaving like a different person. Here are common behavioral symptoms of postpartum depression: Acting distant from partner or spouse, Withdrawing from loved ones and social activities, Inability to form a bond with the new baby, Unwilling to care for the baby out of fear of harming them, Not being able to enjoy time with friends and family members, Not wanting to be alone with the baby, Angry behavior toward others. It is incredibly common for women to experience postpartum symptoms in the days and weeks after giving birth. But how do you know when the condition is severe enough to seek help? You may need help for postpartum depression if you: Constantly feel sad or empty, Spend a lot of time crying, Are frequently irritable or angry, Have symptoms that are growing worse over time, Have a history of depression or mental illness that required treatment, such as bipolar disorder or other mood disorders, Have a loss of interest in things you usually enjoy, Have difficulty caring for your baby or completing daily tasks, Have thoughts of suicide or harming your baby. If postpartum depression is left untreated, the symptoms can last several months and even years after the birth of the baby. If treated, symptoms can resolve quickly for new moms, usually within several weeks or a few months. No, you do not always need help if you have postpartum depression symptoms, as it may be postpartum baby blues. If your postpartum depression symptoms last more than two weeks or if you have any risk factors for PPD, it may be a good idea to seek professional help.

• #129 Postpartum Depression (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ppd.html

  In the first few weeks of caring for a newborn, most new moms feel anxious, sad, frustrated, tired, and overwhelmed. Sometimes known as the „baby blues,” these feelings get better within a few weeks. But for some women, they are very strong or don’t get better. Postpartum depression is when these feelings don’t go away after about 2 weeks or make it hard for a woman to take care of her baby. […] Symptoms of postpartum depression can vary from woman to woman. But common signs include: feeling sad, hopeless, or overwhelmed; feeling worried, scared, or panicked; blaming yourself unnecessarily; crying a lot; feeling moody; anger; sleeping too much or too little; eating too much or too little; trouble concentrating; not wanting to be with friends and family; not feeling attached to the baby; not wanting to do things that usually are enjoyable.

• #130 Postpartum depression: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007215.htm

  Postpartum depression is moderate to severe depression in a woman after she has given birth. It may occur soon after delivery or up to a year later. Most of the time, it occurs within the first 3 months after delivery. […] Feelings of anxiety, irritation, tearfulness, and restlessness are common in the week or two after you have your baby. These postpartum feelings are often called the „baby blues.” They almost always go away soon, without the need for treatment. […] Postpartum depression may occur when the baby blues do not fade away or when signs of depression start 1 or more

• #131 Postpartum Depression

  https://www.unitypoint.org/find-a-service/maternity-and-newborn-care/postpartum-depression

  Women go through a lot of emotional, physical and hormonal changes when having a baby. Serious mood and anxiety disorders, including postpartum depression (PPD) impact about one in eight women who give birth. Symptoms may include crying spells, mood swings, feeling sad, anxious or overwhelmed. […] Postpartum depression usually starts a few days after delivery and last a couple weeks. The symptoms go away on their own, especially when mothers get more sleep, eat healthy and receive emotional support. […] Symptoms can happen days, weeks or months after birth. […] Signs Symptoms of Postpartum Depression include excessive worrying and anxiety, irritability, persistent crying or sadness, inability to sleep, even when you’re exhausted, difficulty concentrating, not finding pleasure in things you used to enjoy, changes in appetite, thoughts of suicide, inability to take care of yourself or your baby, thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, extreme changes in your behavior.

• #132 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  However, unlike postpartum blues, which typically resolves within a few weeks, does not cause significant functional impairment, and is not considered to be a mental disorder, perinatal depression is more severe. It can last for months if untreated, resulting in significant mental health dysfunction. […] Recognizing and addressing perinatal depression is crucial for the health and well-being of the patient and their baby. If left untreated, perinatal depression can interfere with the ability to care for the child. […] Perinatal depression can also strain family relationships and increase the risk of suicide. […] Screening for perinatal depression should be a routine part of prenatal and postpartum care, utilizing tools such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to identify those at risk.

• #133

• #134 Postpartum Depression Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is depression that occurs after childbirth, pregnancy loss, or termination. PPD is more than the „baby blues” or feelings of sadness and fatigue that many women experience after the end of a pregnancy. PPD is a serious disease that can occur up to a year after delivery. […] Postpartum depression (PPD) is depression that develops after a pregnancy. PPD causes intense feelings of sadness or worthlessness. It can happen up to a year after pregnancy and interferes with a parent’s ability to care for and bond with their baby. In rare cases, new parents have harmed themselves or their babies. […] The exact rates of postpartum depression are unknown. Estimates from the National Library of Medicine suggest that between 6.5% and 20% of people who give birth will have depression symptoms.

• #135 Postpartum depression (PPD)

  https://www.babycenter.com/baby/postpartum-health/postpartum-depression-ppd_227

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common and treatable maternal mental health disorder that affects moms after the birth of their baby. Hormone fluctuations and major life changes make it very normal to feel down after you give birth, but PPD is more than just the baby blues. Postpartum depression involves extreme sadness and anxiety, along with a loss of energy, changes in eating patterns, difficulty sleeping, and a lack of connection with your baby. […] Postpartum baby blues, which nearly 80 percent of moms experience in the first few weeks after delivery, tend to fade away. PPD stays with you longer, and your sadness and anxiety gets more intense and pervasive. […] The difference between PPD and „regular” depression is the timing: Postpartum depression typically occurs during the first year after your baby is born, and it’s linked to the unique hormonal changes that occur after childbirth. PPD can begin in the days, weeks, or months after pregnancy some new moms may even begin to experience depression during pregnancy.

• #136 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  Most new moms experience postpartum „baby blues” after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. […] But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first but the symptoms are more intense and last longer. These may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth. But they may begin earlier during pregnancy or later up to a year after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms may include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Crying too much, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep, called insomnia, or sleeping too much, Overwhelming tiredness or loss of energy, Less interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger, Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Reduced ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurring thoughts of death or suicide. […] Untreated, postpartum depression may last for many months or longer.

• #137 Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/overview/

  Many women do not realise they have postnatal depression because it can develop gradually. […] Postnatal depression can be lonely, distressing and frightening, but support and effective treatments are available. […] Postnatal depression is often misunderstood and there are many myths surrounding it. […] Unlike the „baby blues”, postnatal depression can persist for months if left untreated and in a minority of cases it can become a long-term problem.

• #138 Postpartum Depression | Symptoms| MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression (PPD) is different from the baby blues. […] Symptoms of postpartum depression include: Sadness, tearfulness, emptiness, or hopelessness […] Symptoms vary in severity, but persistent sadness and anxiety can cause new moms to feel isolated, guilty, or ashamed. […] PPD is an illness. It is not a sign of weakness or of being a bad mother. It can be treated successfully, and getting help right away is the best thing you can do for you and your baby.

• #139 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that affects women after childbirth. Like clinical depression, postpartum depression causes women to experience feelings of extreme sadness, anxiety, hopelessness and exhaustion that can make it difficult for them to fulfill daily needs and care for themselves and others. It may cause women to feel like they cant or dont want to bond with or care for their child. […] Postpartum depression can develop any time during the first year after birth, but it most commonly affects mothers during the first three weeks after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms are prolonged and severe. If you experience strong negative feelings, such as sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest, that interfere with daily life and last for prolonged periods of time for weeks or even months you may have postpartum depression.

• #140 Postpartum depression – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20376617

  Most new moms experience postpartum „baby blues” after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. […] But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. […] Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first but the symptoms are more intense and last longer. These may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth. But they may begin earlier during pregnancy or later up to a year after birth. […] Postpartum depression symptoms may include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Crying too much, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep, called insomnia, or sleeping too much, Overwhelming tiredness or loss of energy, Less interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger, Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Reduced ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurring thoughts of death or suicide. […] Untreated, postpartum depression may last for many months or longer.

• #141 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Types, Tests, Professional and Self-Care

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression

  Untreated postpartum depression can be dangerous for new moms and their children. A new mom should seek professional help when: Symptoms persist beyond 2 weeks, They can’t function normally, They can’t cope with everyday situations, They have thoughts of harming themselves or their baby, They’re feeling extremely anxious, scared, and panicked most of the day. […] Postpartum depression can happen a few days or even months after childbirth. PPD can happen after the birth of any child, not just the first child. You can have feelings similar to the baby blues — sadness, despair, anxiety, crankiness — but you feel them much more strongly. PPD often keeps you from doing the things you need to do every day. When your ability to function is affected, you need to see a health care provider, such as your OB/GYN or primary care doctor. This doctor can screen you for depression symptoms and come up with a treatment plan. If you don’t get treatment for PPD, symptoms can get worse. While PPD is a serious condition, it can be treated with medication and counseling.

• #142 How Long Does Postpartum Depression (PPD) Last?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/how-long-does-postpartum-depression-last

  If it’s been more than 2 weeks since your baby was born, and you are experiencing feelings of sadness and fatigue and are having difficulty bonding with your baby it’s possible you may have PPD. […] For some people, PPD can last for several months or longer. Depression affects your whole body not just your brain and it takes time to feel like yourself again. You can recover faster by getting help for your PPD as soon as possible.

• #143 Postpartum depression – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623

  Postpartum depression is often treated with psychotherapy also called talk therapy or mental health counseling medicine or both. […] With appropriate treatment, postpartum depression symptoms usually improve. In some cases, postpartum depression can continue and become long term, which is called chronic depression. It’s important to continue treatment after you begin to feel better. Stopping treatment too early may lead to a relapse.

• #144 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  When untreated, perinatal depression is associated with negative consequences for those who are postpartum, including disrupted health behaviors, relationships, physiology, and parenting. […] Therefore, ACOG does not recommend withholding or stopping psychiatric medications due to pregnancy status alone.

• #145 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  A person experiencing perinatal depression usually has several of these symptoms, and the symptoms and their severity may change. These symptoms may cause a postpartum person to feel isolated, guilty, or ashamed. To be diagnosed with perinatal depression, symptoms must begin during pregnancy or within one year following delivery. […] Many people with perinatal depression also experience symptoms of anxiety. One study found that nearly two-thirds of people with perinatal depression also had an anxiety disorder (Fairbrother et al 2016). […] Untreated perinatal depression is not only a problem for the individuals health and quality of life but can affect the well-being of the baby who can be born prematurely, with low birth weight. Perinatal depression can cause problems with bonding with the baby and can contribute to sleeping and feeding problems for the baby. In the longer term, children of mothers with perinatal depression are at greater risk for cognitive, emotional, developmental and verbal deficits and impaired social skills (Field 2010; Brand Brennan 2009).

• #146 Postpartum Depression Symptoms and Treatment | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/postpartum-depression

  It is important for your own health and the well-being of your baby to seek treatment for postpartum depression. […] Left untreated, the condition can make it difficult for you and your child to form an emotional attachment. […] Not getting treatment can also result in your postpartum depression lasting for months or even years.

• #147 Recognizing Postpartum Depression

  https://www.riversideonline.com/en/patients-and-visitors/healthy-you-blog/blog/r/recognizing-postpartum-depression

  Diagnosing postpartum depression is more than just recognizing symptoms. […] Although it is rare, a specific form of postpartum depression called postpartum psychosis requires immediate medical attention to prevent harm to both mom and baby. […] Untreated postpartum depression can affect you and your baby. […] Long-term, untreated postpartum depression can result in children experiencing learning and behavior problems. […] It’s important to get help as soon as you notice any symptoms of postpartum depression.

• #148 Symptoms of Depression Among Women | Reproductive Health | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/depression/index.html

  Postpartum depression is depression that occurs after having a baby. […] Feelings of postpartum depression are more intense and last longer than baby blues. […] The symptoms of postpartum depression may include crying more often than usual, feeling angry, or feeling distant from your baby. Other symptoms may include doubting your ability to care for the baby. […] CDC research shows about 1 in 8 women with a recent live birth reported symptoms of postpartum depression.

• #149 Postpartum Depression

  https://www.unitypoint.org/find-a-service/maternity-and-newborn-care/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum mood disorders can affect your baby. They are serious illnesses which, if not treated, can have long term effects for both baby and mother. Depressed mothers may not interact with their baby as much as mothers who are not depressed. […] Women whose PPD is not treated may go on to develop a chronic mental illness. […] A report in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that 10 percent of men or non-birthing parents worldwide can show signs of postpartum depression. […] If you think you may be struggling with postpartum depression, call your provider. Your doctor can help you determine if you are struggling with PPD and find a treatment plan for you.

• #150 Postpartum depression – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/postpartum-depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20376623

  Postpartum depression is often treated with psychotherapy also called talk therapy or mental health counseling medicine or both. […] With appropriate treatment, postpartum depression symptoms usually improve. In some cases, postpartum depression can continue and become long term, which is called chronic depression. It’s important to continue treatment after you begin to feel better. Stopping treatment too early may lead to a relapse.

• #151 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Types, Tests, Professional and Self-Care

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression that’s not treated can last for months or longer, even turning into a chronic depressive disorder. Even with treatment, postpartum depression can make you more likely to have episodes of depression in the future. […] If you have a history of postpartum depression, your doctor may recommend treatment as soon as you have the baby.

• #152 What Is Postpartum Depression (PPD)?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/postpartum-depression/guide/

  Untreated postpartum depression can last for months and sometimes longer. […] With treatment, symptoms of postpartum depression usually improve. […] In some cases, postpartum depression can become a chronic depressive disorder, so its important to continue treatment even after you start to feel better. […] Left untreated, postpartum depression can harm the mothers health and could negatively affect social, emotional, cognitive, language, and behavioral development in children. […] The symptoms of postpartum psychosis are more severe than those of postpartum depression, and they come on rapidly, usually within the first few days of giving birth.

• #153 Postpartum Depression – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/postpartum-care-and-associated-disorders/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression interferes with women’s ability to care for themselves and their baby. […] Without treatment, postpartum depression can resolve spontaneously or become chronic depression. […] Risk of recurrence is about 1 in 3 to 4. […] Postpartum depression occurs in 7% of women, lasts 2 weeks, and is disabling (in contrast to postpartum blues). […] Symptoms are similar to those of major depression and can also include anxiety. […] Postpartum depression may result in adverse effects on the child or in relationship stress. […] For the best possible outcomes, identify and treat postpartum depression as early as possible.

• #154 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  A person experiencing perinatal depression usually has several of these symptoms, and the symptoms and their severity may change. These symptoms may cause a postpartum person to feel isolated, guilty, or ashamed. To be diagnosed with perinatal depression, symptoms must begin during pregnancy or within one year following delivery. […] Many people with perinatal depression also experience symptoms of anxiety. One study found that nearly two-thirds of people with perinatal depression also had an anxiety disorder (Fairbrother et al 2016). […] Untreated perinatal depression is not only a problem for the individuals health and quality of life but can affect the well-being of the baby who can be born prematurely, with low birth weight. Perinatal depression can cause problems with bonding with the baby and can contribute to sleeping and feeding problems for the baby. In the longer term, children of mothers with perinatal depression are at greater risk for cognitive, emotional, developmental and verbal deficits and impaired social skills (Field 2010; Brand Brennan 2009).

• #155 About Perinatal Mental Health | Postpartum Support International (PSI)SearchFacebookInstagram-1PinterestLinkedinVimeoYoutube-playScroll to top

  https://postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/

  Perinatal depression is treatable, and there are many options to consider when looking for the correct treatment option. You should consult your doctor or therapist, to find the right plan for you. Some may include: Social Support & Practical Help: including activities like prioritizing sleep, time for self, reading, podcasts, meditation, asking for help & support groups. Mental Health Counseling: Evidence-based therapy types may include CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) & IPT (Interpersonal Psychotherapy), but others may be an option. […] Research shows that 1 in 5 women and 1 in 10 men may experience depression or anxiety during the perinatal period. You may experience perinatal anxiety independently, but it is often combined with perinatal depression. High-stress parenting groups experience perinatal anxiety at a higher rate.

• #156 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  When untreated, perinatal depression is associated with negative consequences for those who are postpartum, including disrupted health behaviors, relationships, physiology, and parenting. […] Therefore, ACOG does not recommend withholding or stopping psychiatric medications due to pregnancy status alone.

• #157 Postpartum depression – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression

  Postpartum depression onset usually begins between two weeks to a month after delivery. […] The prevalence of postpartum depression differs across different months after childbirth. […] PPD may last several months or even a year. […] Postpartum depression can interfere with normal maternal-infant bonding and adversely affect acute and long-term child development. […] Children and infants of PPD-affected mothers experience negative long-term impacts on their cognitive functioning, inhibitory control, and emotional regulation. […] A different kind of postpartum mood disorder is Postpartum psychosis, which is more severe and occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women following childbirth. […] Postpartum psychosis is one of the leading causes of the murder of children less than one year of age, which occurs in about 8 per 100,000 births in the United States.

• #158 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  However, unlike postpartum blues, which typically resolves within a few weeks, does not cause significant functional impairment, and is not considered to be a mental disorder, perinatal depression is more severe. It can last for months if untreated, resulting in significant mental health dysfunction. […] Recognizing and addressing perinatal depression is crucial for the health and well-being of the patient and their baby. If left untreated, perinatal depression can interfere with the ability to care for the child. […] Perinatal depression can also strain family relationships and increase the risk of suicide. […] Screening for perinatal depression should be a routine part of prenatal and postpartum care, utilizing tools such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to identify those at risk.

• #159 Postpartum depression in Vietnam: a scoping review of symptoms, consequences, and management | BMC Women’s Health | Full Text

  https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-023-02519-5

  A significant number of mothers had more severe symptoms in which 37.9% of them had suicidal thoughts. […] The consequences of PPD have an impact on both the mother and her child(ren). Mothers could face a higher risk of future common mental disorders, or in some severe cases, mothers suffering from PPD may have suicidal thoughts. […] Non-psychotic PPD required proper care including timing screening, early interventions, and follow-up assessment in order not to worsen to the more severe situations. […] Follow-up after delivery and long-term management of PPD has been a significant maternal healthcare gap in Vietnam over the past decade. […] Early detection of PPD and long-term follow-up play essential roles in effective treatment of this common mood disorder.

• #160 Postpartum depression – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression

  Postpartum depression onset usually begins between two weeks to a month after delivery. […] The prevalence of postpartum depression differs across different months after childbirth. […] PPD may last several months or even a year. […] Postpartum depression can interfere with normal maternal-infant bonding and adversely affect acute and long-term child development. […] Children and infants of PPD-affected mothers experience negative long-term impacts on their cognitive functioning, inhibitory control, and emotional regulation. […] A different kind of postpartum mood disorder is Postpartum psychosis, which is more severe and occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women following childbirth. […] Postpartum psychosis is one of the leading causes of the murder of children less than one year of age, which occurs in about 8 per 100,000 births in the United States.

• #161 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  In rare cases, some women with postpartum depression experience delusional thoughts or hallucinations, paranoia, and obsessions, and may harm their baby. This is called postpartum psychosis and requires immediate treatment. […] Postpartum depression can develop due to a combination of hormonal, environmental, emotional, and genetic factors. […] Unlike depression that is unrelated to pregnancy, postpartum depression is linked to unique hormonal changes that occur after childbirth. Sudden changes in hormone levels after delivering a baby can trigger depression in women who are more sensitive to shifts in estrogen and progesterone. […] If you think you are struggling with postpartum depression, the first and most important step you can take is seeking help. […] If you have any symptoms of depression, call your doctor to set up an appointment to discuss your issues and treatment options. […] It’s important to call your doctor as soon as possible if your depression symptoms exhibit any of these features: Remain after two weeks, Are worsening over time, Make it hard for you to care for your baby, Make it hard to complete everyday tasks, Include thoughts of harming yourself or your baby.

• #162 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The symptoms above can lead to significant distress and impairment. […] The signs and symptoms of perinatal depression are identical to nonpuerperal depression with an additional history of pregnancy or childbirth. Symptoms include depressed mood, loss of interest, changes in sleep patterns, change in appetite, feelings of worthlessness, inability to concentrate, and suicidal ideation. […] Affected patients may also experience anxiety. […] A pivotal factor in the duration of perinatal depression is delayed treatment. Approximately 25% of patients with perinatal depression will have symptoms for 3 years after giving birth. […] Perinatal depression has repercussions beyond possible physical harm to the child. Data reveal that the condition also affects parent-infant bonding. […] Children born to patients with perinatal depression have been found to exhibit marked changes in behavior, altered cognitive development, and early onset of depressive illness.

• #163 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  A person experiencing perinatal depression usually has several of these symptoms, and the symptoms and their severity may change. These symptoms may cause a postpartum person to feel isolated, guilty, or ashamed. To be diagnosed with perinatal depression, symptoms must begin during pregnancy or within one year following delivery. […] Many people with perinatal depression also experience symptoms of anxiety. One study found that nearly two-thirds of people with perinatal depression also had an anxiety disorder (Fairbrother et al 2016). […] Untreated perinatal depression is not only a problem for the individuals health and quality of life but can affect the well-being of the baby who can be born prematurely, with low birth weight. Perinatal depression can cause problems with bonding with the baby and can contribute to sleeping and feeding problems for the baby. In the longer term, children of mothers with perinatal depression are at greater risk for cognitive, emotional, developmental and verbal deficits and impaired social skills (Field 2010; Brand Brennan 2009).

• #164 Postpartum depression – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression

  Postpartum depression onset usually begins between two weeks to a month after delivery. […] The prevalence of postpartum depression differs across different months after childbirth. […] PPD may last several months or even a year. […] Postpartum depression can interfere with normal maternal-infant bonding and adversely affect acute and long-term child development. […] Children and infants of PPD-affected mothers experience negative long-term impacts on their cognitive functioning, inhibitory control, and emotional regulation. […] A different kind of postpartum mood disorder is Postpartum psychosis, which is more severe and occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women following childbirth. […] Postpartum psychosis is one of the leading causes of the murder of children less than one year of age, which occurs in about 8 per 100,000 births in the United States.

• #165 Postnatal depression (PND) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/postnatal-depression-pnd

  PND can lead to withdrawal from everyone, including the newborn baby. This is a symptom of the disorder. […] Research has found that one in 10 fathers experience paternal depression between the first trimester and 1 year postpartum. […] The exact causes of PND are still not known. […] It’s important to remember that PND is a temporary condition that will improve with time.

• #166 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  A person experiencing perinatal depression usually has several of these symptoms, and the symptoms and their severity may change. These symptoms may cause a postpartum person to feel isolated, guilty, or ashamed. To be diagnosed with perinatal depression, symptoms must begin during pregnancy or within one year following delivery. […] Many people with perinatal depression also experience symptoms of anxiety. One study found that nearly two-thirds of people with perinatal depression also had an anxiety disorder (Fairbrother et al 2016). […] Untreated perinatal depression is not only a problem for the individuals health and quality of life but can affect the well-being of the baby who can be born prematurely, with low birth weight. Perinatal depression can cause problems with bonding with the baby and can contribute to sleeping and feeding problems for the baby. In the longer term, children of mothers with perinatal depression are at greater risk for cognitive, emotional, developmental and verbal deficits and impaired social skills (Field 2010; Brand Brennan 2009).

• #167 Postpartum Depression

  https://www.unitypoint.org/find-a-service/maternity-and-newborn-care/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum mood disorders can affect your baby. They are serious illnesses which, if not treated, can have long term effects for both baby and mother. Depressed mothers may not interact with their baby as much as mothers who are not depressed. […] Women whose PPD is not treated may go on to develop a chronic mental illness. […] A report in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that 10 percent of men or non-birthing parents worldwide can show signs of postpartum depression. […] If you think you may be struggling with postpartum depression, call your provider. Your doctor can help you determine if you are struggling with PPD and find a treatment plan for you.

• #168 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The symptoms above can lead to significant distress and impairment. […] The signs and symptoms of perinatal depression are identical to nonpuerperal depression with an additional history of pregnancy or childbirth. Symptoms include depressed mood, loss of interest, changes in sleep patterns, change in appetite, feelings of worthlessness, inability to concentrate, and suicidal ideation. […] Affected patients may also experience anxiety. […] A pivotal factor in the duration of perinatal depression is delayed treatment. Approximately 25% of patients with perinatal depression will have symptoms for 3 years after giving birth. […] Perinatal depression has repercussions beyond possible physical harm to the child. Data reveal that the condition also affects parent-infant bonding. […] Children born to patients with perinatal depression have been found to exhibit marked changes in behavior, altered cognitive development, and early onset of depressive illness.

• #169 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  A person experiencing perinatal depression usually has several of these symptoms, and the symptoms and their severity may change. These symptoms may cause a postpartum person to feel isolated, guilty, or ashamed. To be diagnosed with perinatal depression, symptoms must begin during pregnancy or within one year following delivery. […] Many people with perinatal depression also experience symptoms of anxiety. One study found that nearly two-thirds of people with perinatal depression also had an anxiety disorder (Fairbrother et al 2016). […] Untreated perinatal depression is not only a problem for the individuals health and quality of life but can affect the well-being of the baby who can be born prematurely, with low birth weight. Perinatal depression can cause problems with bonding with the baby and can contribute to sleeping and feeding problems for the baby. In the longer term, children of mothers with perinatal depression are at greater risk for cognitive, emotional, developmental and verbal deficits and impaired social skills (Field 2010; Brand Brennan 2009).

• #170 Postpartum depression – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression

  Postpartum depression onset usually begins between two weeks to a month after delivery. […] The prevalence of postpartum depression differs across different months after childbirth. […] PPD may last several months or even a year. […] Postpartum depression can interfere with normal maternal-infant bonding and adversely affect acute and long-term child development. […] Children and infants of PPD-affected mothers experience negative long-term impacts on their cognitive functioning, inhibitory control, and emotional regulation. […] A different kind of postpartum mood disorder is Postpartum psychosis, which is more severe and occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women following childbirth. […] Postpartum psychosis is one of the leading causes of the murder of children less than one year of age, which occurs in about 8 per 100,000 births in the United States.

• #171 Recognizing Postpartum Depression

  https://www.riversideonline.com/en/patients-and-visitors/healthy-you-blog/blog/r/recognizing-postpartum-depression

  Diagnosing postpartum depression is more than just recognizing symptoms. […] Although it is rare, a specific form of postpartum depression called postpartum psychosis requires immediate medical attention to prevent harm to both mom and baby. […] Untreated postpartum depression can affect you and your baby. […] Long-term, untreated postpartum depression can result in children experiencing learning and behavior problems. […] It’s important to get help as soon as you notice any symptoms of postpartum depression.

• #172 Perinatal Depression – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519070/

  The symptoms above can lead to significant distress and impairment. […] The signs and symptoms of perinatal depression are identical to nonpuerperal depression with an additional history of pregnancy or childbirth. Symptoms include depressed mood, loss of interest, changes in sleep patterns, change in appetite, feelings of worthlessness, inability to concentrate, and suicidal ideation. […] Affected patients may also experience anxiety. […] A pivotal factor in the duration of perinatal depression is delayed treatment. Approximately 25% of patients with perinatal depression will have symptoms for 3 years after giving birth. […] Perinatal depression has repercussions beyond possible physical harm to the child. Data reveal that the condition also affects parent-infant bonding. […] Children born to patients with perinatal depression have been found to exhibit marked changes in behavior, altered cognitive development, and early onset of depressive illness.

• #173 How Postpartum Depression Affects Dads

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-male-postpartum-depression-5188022

  Treatment for postpartum depression is similar to treatment for clinical depression. […] As of August 4, 2023, the Food and Drug Administration approved Zuranolone as the first oral treatment for postpartum depression. […] Many factors can contribute to the development or worsening of postpartum depression, including but not limited to: History of depression or anxiety, Other mental health concerns, such as substance misuse, Low or lack of social support, Low income or financial stress, Relationship with mother, Postpartum depression in mother, Young paternal age, Living in a separate household from the child. […] Postpartum depression can manifest differently for men than women. […] A father’s depression can impact the child’s development and increase the child’s risk of developing a psychiatric disorder in early childhood. […] When male postpartum depression goes undiagnosed, it can harm the whole family. […] Male postpartum depression can go undiagnosed for many months, but it is treatable. If you’re a new father experiencing symptoms of depression, talk to your primary care physician or a mental health professional.

• #174 Recognizing Postpartum Depression

  https://www.riversideonline.com/en/patients-and-visitors/healthy-you-blog/blog/r/recognizing-postpartum-depression

  Diagnosing postpartum depression is more than just recognizing symptoms. […] Although it is rare, a specific form of postpartum depression called postpartum psychosis requires immediate medical attention to prevent harm to both mom and baby. […] Untreated postpartum depression can affect you and your baby. […] Long-term, untreated postpartum depression can result in children experiencing learning and behavior problems. […] It’s important to get help as soon as you notice any symptoms of postpartum depression.

• #175 What Is Postpartum Depression (PPD)?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/postpartum-depression/guide/

  Untreated postpartum depression can last for months and sometimes longer. […] With treatment, symptoms of postpartum depression usually improve. […] In some cases, postpartum depression can become a chronic depressive disorder, so its important to continue treatment even after you start to feel better. […] Left untreated, postpartum depression can harm the mothers health and could negatively affect social, emotional, cognitive, language, and behavioral development in children. […] The symptoms of postpartum psychosis are more severe than those of postpartum depression, and they come on rapidly, usually within the first few days of giving birth.

• #176 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  In rare cases, some women with postpartum depression experience delusional thoughts or hallucinations, paranoia, and obsessions, and may harm their baby. This is called postpartum psychosis and requires immediate treatment. […] Postpartum depression can develop due to a combination of hormonal, environmental, emotional, and genetic factors. […] Unlike depression that is unrelated to pregnancy, postpartum depression is linked to unique hormonal changes that occur after childbirth. Sudden changes in hormone levels after delivering a baby can trigger depression in women who are more sensitive to shifts in estrogen and progesterone. […] If you think you are struggling with postpartum depression, the first and most important step you can take is seeking help. […] If you have any symptoms of depression, call your doctor to set up an appointment to discuss your issues and treatment options. […] It’s important to call your doctor as soon as possible if your depression symptoms exhibit any of these features: Remain after two weeks, Are worsening over time, Make it hard for you to care for your baby, Make it hard to complete everyday tasks, Include thoughts of harming yourself or your baby.

• #177 What is postpartum depression? | UNICEF Parenting

  https://www.unicef.org/parenting/mental-health/what-postpartum-depression

  The symptoms of postnatal depression are similar to the symptoms of depression. They include: Feeling sad or low, Being unable to enjoy things that normally bring you pleasure, Tiredness or loss of energy, Poor concentration or attention span, Low self-esteem and self-confidence, Disturbed sleep, even when your baby is asleep, Changes in appetite. You may feel detached from your baby or partner, and even have thoughts of hurting yourself or your baby. It can be very frightening to have thoughts of harming your baby, but remember this doesn’t mean you’re actually going to hurt them. The sooner you talk to someone about your thoughts and feelings – a friend, relative, doctor or midwife, for instance – the sooner you can get the help you need. […] “I tell parents, as soon as you think, ‘this doesn’t seem right to me,’ then reaching out to a trusted healthcare provider is really helpful,” recommends Dr. Stuebe. “In the same way that if you had a high fever, you would call for help. Postpartum Support International says, and I love this, ‘You are not alone, you are not to blame, and with help you will get better.’” If any of your symptoms are becoming stronger after two weeks or lasting more than two weeks, you should consider seeking support. Though there can be stigma surrounding reaching out for help, the most important thing is to take care of yourself and put your health – and your baby’s health – first. There are many trustworthy medical professionals who will respond to your questions confidentially and with kindness.

• #178 Postpartum depression | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/postpartum/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression (also called PPD) is a medical condition that many women get after having a baby. Its strong feelings of sadness, anxiety (worry) and tiredness that last for a long time after giving birth. These feelings can make it hard for you to take care of yourself and your baby. PPD can happen any time after childbirth. It often starts within 1 to 3 weeks of having a baby. It needs treatment to get better. […] You may have PPD if you have five or more signs or symptoms that last longer than 2 weeks. Signs of a condition are things someone else can see or know about you, like you have a rash or you’re coughing. Symptoms are things you feel yourself that others can’t see, like having a sore throat or feeling dizzy. Signs and symptoms of PPD include: […] If you think you have signs or symptoms of PPD, call your health care provider right away. There are things you and your provider can do to help you feel better. If you’re worried about hurting yourself or your baby, call emergency services at 911.

• #179 Postpartum Depression | The Center for Health Care Services

  https://chcsbc.org/get-help/adults/mental-health/postpartum-depression/

  Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first — but the signs and symptoms are more intense and last longer, and may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but may begin earlier — during pregnancy — or later — up to a year after birth. […] May Include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Excessive crying, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep (insomnia) or sleeping too much, Overwhelming fatigue or loss of energy, Reduced interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger. […] Other signs and symptoms may include: Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Diminished ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

• #180 Postpartum Depression (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ppd.html

  Although it is very rare, some women have very serious symptoms such as: thoughts of hurting the baby or themselves; hearing voices, seeing things that are not there, or feeling paranoid (very worried, suspicious, or mistrustful). […] Treatment works well for most women with postpartum depression. Within a few weeks, most women feel more like themselves and can start enjoying life’s pleasures again.

• #181 8 Early Warning Signs of Postpartum Depression

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/early-warning-signs-postpartum-depression

  You lose motivation, energy, and interest in your baby. If you notice a change in how active you’re able to be or if you have a decrease in interest in your baby or feel like you don’t want your baby, talk to your doctor as soon as possible. This is another symptom of postpartum depression. […] You think about harming yourself or your baby. Thoughts of suicide, or hurting yourself or your baby, are advanced signs of postpartum depression and even postpartum psychosis, a rare and serious mental illness that happens with postpartum depression. If you’re having any kind of suicidal thoughts, you’re in crisis and need to call your doctor or the Suicide Crisis Lifeline at 988 immediately to get help. […] Some warning signs you may have postpartum depression include: Your depression becomes stronger over time. Your strong emotions last for more than 2 weeks. You have trouble taking care of your baby. It’s difficult to handle normal daily tasks. You have thoughts about hurting yourself or your baby.

• #182 Postpartum depression | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/postpartum/postpartum-depression

  Yes. PPD can make it hard for you to care for yourself and your baby. This is why it’s important to treat PPD as soon as possible. If PPD is untreated: […] Getting treatment for PPD can help you feel better and be able to care for your baby. If you think you have PPD, tell your provider. […] If you think you may have PPD, see your health care provider right away. Your provider can be: […] The sooner you see your provider about PPD, the better. You can get started on treatment so you can take good care of yourself and your baby. Treatment can include: […] If you have PPD, what can you do to help you feel better? […] If you’re thinking of hurting yourself or your baby, call emergency services (911) right away.

• #183

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/postnatal-depression/

  You may have overwhelming fears, for example about your baby dying. Some mothers have recurring thoughts about harming their baby. Very few mothers ever act on this. […] Other symptoms of postnatal depression include: loss of appetite, poor concentration, tiredness all the time, problems sleeping, being agitated, crying easily. […] Feelings and thoughts you might experience include: feeling inadequate, feeling panicked, feeling rejected by your baby, worrying a lot about your baby. […] Do not let worrying thoughts you may have about your baby stop you from seeking help. Treatment is available. […] The vast majority of women with postnatal depression are treated at home with their baby. […] You have symptoms of postnatal depression that have lasted for more than 2 weeks. […] Your family and friends may notice that you have postnatal depression before you do. If they mention this to you, take it seriously and seek help from your GP or public health nurse.

• #184 Postpartum Depression (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ppd.html

  Although it is very rare, some women have very serious symptoms such as: thoughts of hurting the baby or themselves; hearing voices, seeing things that are not there, or feeling paranoid (very worried, suspicious, or mistrustful). […] Treatment works well for most women with postpartum depression. Within a few weeks, most women feel more like themselves and can start enjoying life’s pleasures again.

• #185 About Perinatal Mental Health | Postpartum Support International (PSI)SearchFacebookInstagram-1PinterestLinkedinVimeoYoutube-playScroll to top

  https://postpartum.net/perinatal-mental-health/

  Perinatal Psychosis is treatable, and help is available. You do not need a diagnosis to reach out for help. […] Symptoms of perinatal psychosis can include: Delusions or strange beliefs, Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there), Feeling very agitated, Hyperactivity or having more energy than usual, Severe depression or lack of emotion, Decreased need for or inability to sleep, Paranoia and suspiciousness, Rapid mood swings, Difficulty communicating at times.

• #186 8 Early Warning Signs of Postpartum Depression

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/early-warning-signs-postpartum-depression

  You lose motivation, energy, and interest in your baby. If you notice a change in how active you’re able to be or if you have a decrease in interest in your baby or feel like you don’t want your baby, talk to your doctor as soon as possible. This is another symptom of postpartum depression. […] You think about harming yourself or your baby. Thoughts of suicide, or hurting yourself or your baby, are advanced signs of postpartum depression and even postpartum psychosis, a rare and serious mental illness that happens with postpartum depression. If you’re having any kind of suicidal thoughts, you’re in crisis and need to call your doctor or the Suicide Crisis Lifeline at 988 immediately to get help. […] Some warning signs you may have postpartum depression include: Your depression becomes stronger over time. Your strong emotions last for more than 2 weeks. You have trouble taking care of your baby. It’s difficult to handle normal daily tasks. You have thoughts about hurting yourself or your baby.

• #187 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Types, Tests, Professional and Self-Care

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression

  Untreated postpartum depression can be dangerous for new moms and their children. A new mom should seek professional help when: Symptoms persist beyond 2 weeks, They can’t function normally, They can’t cope with everyday situations, They have thoughts of harming themselves or their baby, They’re feeling extremely anxious, scared, and panicked most of the day. […] Postpartum depression can happen a few days or even months after childbirth. PPD can happen after the birth of any child, not just the first child. You can have feelings similar to the baby blues — sadness, despair, anxiety, crankiness — but you feel them much more strongly. PPD often keeps you from doing the things you need to do every day. When your ability to function is affected, you need to see a health care provider, such as your OB/GYN or primary care doctor. This doctor can screen you for depression symptoms and come up with a treatment plan. If you don’t get treatment for PPD, symptoms can get worse. While PPD is a serious condition, it can be treated with medication and counseling.

• #188 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  In rare cases, some women with postpartum depression experience delusional thoughts or hallucinations, paranoia, and obsessions, and may harm their baby. This is called postpartum psychosis and requires immediate treatment. […] Postpartum depression can develop due to a combination of hormonal, environmental, emotional, and genetic factors. […] Unlike depression that is unrelated to pregnancy, postpartum depression is linked to unique hormonal changes that occur after childbirth. Sudden changes in hormone levels after delivering a baby can trigger depression in women who are more sensitive to shifts in estrogen and progesterone. […] If you think you are struggling with postpartum depression, the first and most important step you can take is seeking help. […] If you have any symptoms of depression, call your doctor to set up an appointment to discuss your issues and treatment options. […] It’s important to call your doctor as soon as possible if your depression symptoms exhibit any of these features: Remain after two weeks, Are worsening over time, Make it hard for you to care for your baby, Make it hard to complete everyday tasks, Include thoughts of harming yourself or your baby.

• #189 Postpartum depression: When it starts, early warning signs, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/when-does-postpartum-depression-start

  The most important warning signs include: very negative emotions all or most of the time, difficulty feeling joy or pleasure, trouble bonding with the baby, feelings of despair or self-loathing, thoughts of self-harm. […] Without treatment, PPD can last well beyond the immediate postpartum period. It may last months or even years. […] A person cannot think or will their way out of PPD, and it is not a sign of weakness. […] Shame and blame can make the symptoms worse. Instead, a person with PPD needs early treatment and significant support. With the right treatment, the symptoms can improve, and a person can enjoy early parenthood.

• #190 Postpartum Depression (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ppd.html

  In the first few weeks of caring for a newborn, most new moms feel anxious, sad, frustrated, tired, and overwhelmed. Sometimes known as the „baby blues,” these feelings get better within a few weeks. But for some women, they are very strong or don’t get better. Postpartum depression is when these feelings don’t go away after about 2 weeks or make it hard for a woman to take care of her baby. […] Symptoms of postpartum depression can vary from woman to woman. But common signs include: feeling sad, hopeless, or overwhelmed; feeling worried, scared, or panicked; blaming yourself unnecessarily; crying a lot; feeling moody; anger; sleeping too much or too little; eating too much or too little; trouble concentrating; not wanting to be with friends and family; not feeling attached to the baby; not wanting to do things that usually are enjoyable.

• #191

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/postnatal-depression/

  You may have overwhelming fears, for example about your baby dying. Some mothers have recurring thoughts about harming their baby. Very few mothers ever act on this. […] Other symptoms of postnatal depression include: loss of appetite, poor concentration, tiredness all the time, problems sleeping, being agitated, crying easily. […] Feelings and thoughts you might experience include: feeling inadequate, feeling panicked, feeling rejected by your baby, worrying a lot about your baby. […] Do not let worrying thoughts you may have about your baby stop you from seeking help. Treatment is available. […] The vast majority of women with postnatal depression are treated at home with their baby. […] You have symptoms of postnatal depression that have lasted for more than 2 weeks. […] Your family and friends may notice that you have postnatal depression before you do. If they mention this to you, take it seriously and seek help from your GP or public health nurse.

• #192 Postpartum Depression | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/multidisciplinary-obstetric-medicine-service-moms/postpartum-depression

  In rare cases, some women with postpartum depression experience delusional thoughts or hallucinations, paranoia, and obsessions, and may harm their baby. This is called postpartum psychosis and requires immediate treatment. […] Postpartum depression can develop due to a combination of hormonal, environmental, emotional, and genetic factors. […] Unlike depression that is unrelated to pregnancy, postpartum depression is linked to unique hormonal changes that occur after childbirth. Sudden changes in hormone levels after delivering a baby can trigger depression in women who are more sensitive to shifts in estrogen and progesterone. […] If you think you are struggling with postpartum depression, the first and most important step you can take is seeking help. […] If you have any symptoms of depression, call your doctor to set up an appointment to discuss your issues and treatment options. […] It’s important to call your doctor as soon as possible if your depression symptoms exhibit any of these features: Remain after two weeks, Are worsening over time, Make it hard for you to care for your baby, Make it hard to complete everyday tasks, Include thoughts of harming yourself or your baby.

• #193 8 Early Warning Signs of Postpartum Depression

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/early-warning-signs-postpartum-depression

  You lose motivation, energy, and interest in your baby. If you notice a change in how active you’re able to be or if you have a decrease in interest in your baby or feel like you don’t want your baby, talk to your doctor as soon as possible. This is another symptom of postpartum depression. […] You think about harming yourself or your baby. Thoughts of suicide, or hurting yourself or your baby, are advanced signs of postpartum depression and even postpartum psychosis, a rare and serious mental illness that happens with postpartum depression. If you’re having any kind of suicidal thoughts, you’re in crisis and need to call your doctor or the Suicide Crisis Lifeline at 988 immediately to get help. […] Some warning signs you may have postpartum depression include: Your depression becomes stronger over time. Your strong emotions last for more than 2 weeks. You have trouble taking care of your baby. It’s difficult to handle normal daily tasks. You have thoughts about hurting yourself or your baby.

• #194 Postpartum Depression | The Center for Health Care Services

  https://chcsbc.org/get-help/adults/mental-health/postpartum-depression/

  Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first — but the signs and symptoms are more intense and last longer, and may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but may begin earlier — during pregnancy — or later — up to a year after birth. […] May Include: Depressed mood or severe mood swings, Excessive crying, Difficulty bonding with your baby, Withdrawing from family and friends, Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep (insomnia) or sleeping too much, Overwhelming fatigue or loss of energy, Reduced interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Intense irritability and anger. […] Other signs and symptoms may include: Fear that you’re not a good mother, Hopelessness, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Diminished ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Restlessness, Severe anxiety and panic attacks, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

• #195 Postpartum Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Types, Tests, Professional and Self-Care

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression

  Untreated postpartum depression can be dangerous for new moms and their children. A new mom should seek professional help when: Symptoms persist beyond 2 weeks, They can’t function normally, They can’t cope with everyday situations, They have thoughts of harming themselves or their baby, They’re feeling extremely anxious, scared, and panicked most of the day. […] Postpartum depression can happen a few days or even months after childbirth. PPD can happen after the birth of any child, not just the first child. You can have feelings similar to the baby blues — sadness, despair, anxiety, crankiness — but you feel them much more strongly. PPD often keeps you from doing the things you need to do every day. When your ability to function is affected, you need to see a health care provider, such as your OB/GYN or primary care doctor. This doctor can screen you for depression symptoms and come up with a treatment plan. If you don’t get treatment for PPD, symptoms can get worse. While PPD is a serious condition, it can be treated with medication and counseling.

• #196 What is postpartum depression? | UNICEF Parenting

  https://www.unicef.org/parenting/mental-health/what-postpartum-depression

  The symptoms of postnatal depression are similar to the symptoms of depression. They include: Feeling sad or low, Being unable to enjoy things that normally bring you pleasure, Tiredness or loss of energy, Poor concentration or attention span, Low self-esteem and self-confidence, Disturbed sleep, even when your baby is asleep, Changes in appetite. You may feel detached from your baby or partner, and even have thoughts of hurting yourself or your baby. It can be very frightening to have thoughts of harming your baby, but remember this doesn’t mean you’re actually going to hurt them. The sooner you talk to someone about your thoughts and feelings – a friend, relative, doctor or midwife, for instance – the sooner you can get the help you need. […] “I tell parents, as soon as you think, ‘this doesn’t seem right to me,’ then reaching out to a trusted healthcare provider is really helpful,” recommends Dr. Stuebe. “In the same way that if you had a high fever, you would call for help. Postpartum Support International says, and I love this, ‘You are not alone, you are not to blame, and with help you will get better.’” If any of your symptoms are becoming stronger after two weeks or lasting more than two weeks, you should consider seeking support. Though there can be stigma surrounding reaching out for help, the most important thing is to take care of yourself and put your health – and your baby’s health – first. There are many trustworthy medical professionals who will respond to your questions confidentially and with kindness.

• #197 Postpartum depression: When it starts, early warning signs, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/when-does-postpartum-depression-start

  The most important warning signs include: very negative emotions all or most of the time, difficulty feeling joy or pleasure, trouble bonding with the baby, feelings of despair or self-loathing, thoughts of self-harm. […] Without treatment, PPD can last well beyond the immediate postpartum period. It may last months or even years. […] A person cannot think or will their way out of PPD, and it is not a sign of weakness. […] Shame and blame can make the symptoms worse. Instead, a person with PPD needs early treatment and significant support. With the right treatment, the symptoms can improve, and a person can enjoy early parenthood.

• #198 8 Early Warning Signs of Postpartum Depression

  https://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/early-warning-signs-postpartum-depression

  You lose motivation, energy, and interest in your baby. If you notice a change in how active you’re able to be or if you have a decrease in interest in your baby or feel like you don’t want your baby, talk to your doctor as soon as possible. This is another symptom of postpartum depression. […] You think about harming yourself or your baby. Thoughts of suicide, or hurting yourself or your baby, are advanced signs of postpartum depression and even postpartum psychosis, a rare and serious mental illness that happens with postpartum depression. If you’re having any kind of suicidal thoughts, you’re in crisis and need to call your doctor or the Suicide Crisis Lifeline at 988 immediately to get help. […] Some warning signs you may have postpartum depression include: Your depression becomes stronger over time. Your strong emotions last for more than 2 weeks. You have trouble taking care of your baby. It’s difficult to handle normal daily tasks. You have thoughts about hurting yourself or your baby.

• #199 Postpartum depression: When it starts, early warning signs, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/when-does-postpartum-depression-start

  Postpartum depression (PPD) usually occurs within 46 weeks of giving birth. […] PPD most commonly occurs within 6 weeks of giving birth. However, according to the newest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR), PPD may also begin when a person is pregnant. The manual states that PPD is any new episode of depression that begins during pregnancy or within 4 weeks of delivery. […] It is important for a person to know that they do not need to deal with their symptoms in silence. Regardless of when a persons depression symptoms start, they should always feel able to seek help. […] Some early warning signs include: feeling very sad all or most of the time, being unable to experience joy or pleasure, having symptoms similar to those of an earlier depression episode, having difficulty bonding with the baby, experiencing feelings of sadness or despair that last longer than a few days, having thoughts of self-harm.

• #200 What is postpartum depression? | UNICEF Parenting

  https://www.unicef.org/parenting/mental-health/what-postpartum-depression

  What is postpartum depression or postnatal depression? Postpartum depression or postnatal depression is different from the baby blues. It usually occurs two to eight weeks after giving birth but can happen up to a year after the baby is born. “One of the important things about postpartum depression is it’s not just feeling sad,” Dr. Stuebe explains. Feelings of intense anxiety are also a common feature of postpartum depression. Some symptoms of postpartum depression to look out for include feeling overwhelmed, persistent crying, lack of bonding with your baby and doubting your ability to care for yourself and your baby. “We all worry about our kids, but [those experiencing postpartum depression] are so worried that it impedes their ability to enjoy their baby and to enjoy their life.” Postpartum depression can make it difficult to care for yourself and your baby, too. “I think it’s important for folks to understand that this is not just feeling sad or crying. It also can be feeling almost paralyzed by fear about something bad potentially happening to your child, and that is incredibly painful for the parent.” Another warning sign for postpartum depression is not being able to sleep, even when your baby is sleeping. “If you’re exhausted, but you are lying awake because your mind is racing, your brain is not being your friend,” Dr. Stuebe says.

• #201 Signs and Symptoms of Postpartum Depression and When to Get Help – San Antonio Behavioral Healthcare Hospital

  https://www.sanantoniobehavioral.com/news/signs-and-symptoms-of-postpartum-depression-and-when-to-get-help/

  Bringing home a new baby is a significant transition, and there are some symptoms of postpartum depression you should watch out for. […] If you suffer from postpartum depression symptoms, you might feel overwhelmingly tired. You may also feel like your energy is completely depleted. Besides being unable to sleep, you may also find yourself sleeping too much. […] Bonding issues are common among women who suffer from postpartum depression. You may not connect or form a close bond with your baby. At the same time, you may also withdraw from relationships with your family and friends. […] When you have postpartum depression, you may feel hopeless or ashamed. Other women feel angry, restless, or worthless. […] In some cases, women will experience panic attacks and anxiety when they have postpartum depression. They may also feel inadequate or fear that they are an unfit mother.

• #202 Postpartum depression: When it starts, early warning signs, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/when-does-postpartum-depression-start

  The most important warning signs include: very negative emotions all or most of the time, difficulty feeling joy or pleasure, trouble bonding with the baby, feelings of despair or self-loathing, thoughts of self-harm. […] Without treatment, PPD can last well beyond the immediate postpartum period. It may last months or even years. […] A person cannot think or will their way out of PPD, and it is not a sign of weakness. […] Shame and blame can make the symptoms worse. Instead, a person with PPD needs early treatment and significant support. With the right treatment, the symptoms can improve, and a person can enjoy early parenthood.

• #203 Postpartum Depression Symptoms – When and How to Get Help

  https://www.baystatehealth.org/articles/what-is-postpartum-depression

  If you are struggling with a mental health condition, please know that it is not a sign of weakness, you are not a bad person for feeling this way, and you are not alone. Reaching out for help is a sign of good judgment and will likely provide significant relief not only for you but also for your loved ones.

• #204 Postpartum Depression Timeline – How Long Does PPD Last?

  https://www.postpartumdepression.org/postpartum-depression/timeline/

  There is no way to determine a firm recovery timeline for postpartum depression. That’s because each woman’s experience is unique, as will be her recovery experience. Many women experience very intense but short-term symptoms. Other women experience chronic symptoms that slowly get better over time. A woman’s ability to recover from postpartum depression depends on how soon the signs and symptoms are recognized and addressed. […] The sooner a woman or her family identifies signs of postpartum depression, the sooner she can receive treatment. Following a postpartum depression treatment plan can limit the impact of PPD, reduce how long postpartum depression lasts, and speed up recovery time.

• #205 Postnatal depression – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/overview/

  Many women do not realise they have postnatal depression because it can develop gradually. […] Postnatal depression can be lonely, distressing and frightening, but support and effective treatments are available. […] Postnatal depression is often misunderstood and there are many myths surrounding it. […] Unlike the „baby blues”, postnatal depression can persist for months if left untreated and in a minority of cases it can become a long-term problem.

• #206 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  New fathers/co-parents can also experience symptoms of perinatal depression. Symptoms may include irritability, frustration, guilt, fatigue and changes in eating or sleeping, and any of the other perinatal depression symptoms listed above. An estimated 10% of fathers experience depression in the first year after their child’s birth (Paulson Bazemore 2010). […] Any new mother/birthing individual (or gestational carrier/surrogate) can experience symptoms of perinatal depression or other mood disorders. People are at increased risk of depression during or after pregnancy if they have previously experienced (or have a family history of) depression or other psychiatric disorders, if they are experiencing particularly stressful life events in addition to the pregnancy, or if they do not have the support of family and friends.

• #207 Postnatal depression (PND) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/postnatal-depression-pnd

  PND can lead to withdrawal from everyone, including the newborn baby. This is a symptom of the disorder. […] Research has found that one in 10 fathers experience paternal depression between the first trimester and 1 year postpartum. […] The exact causes of PND are still not known. […] It’s important to remember that PND is a temporary condition that will improve with time.

• #208 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  New fathers/co-parents can also experience symptoms of perinatal depression. Symptoms may include irritability, frustration, guilt, fatigue and changes in eating or sleeping, and any of the other perinatal depression symptoms listed above. An estimated 10% of fathers experience depression in the first year after their child’s birth (Paulson Bazemore 2010). […] Any new mother/birthing individual (or gestational carrier/surrogate) can experience symptoms of perinatal depression or other mood disorders. People are at increased risk of depression during or after pregnancy if they have previously experienced (or have a family history of) depression or other psychiatric disorders, if they are experiencing particularly stressful life events in addition to the pregnancy, or if they do not have the support of family and friends.

• #209 How Postpartum Depression Affects Dads

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-male-postpartum-depression-5188022

  Postpartum depression is a form of depression that occurs after the birth of a child. While its often experienced by mothers, it can also be experienced by fathers. […] Exhaustion and stress, in addition to other factors, can lead to male postpartum depression. […] A 2023 survey of US dads conducted by Verywell Mind and Parents found that 9% of men experienced postpartum depression, and another 12% said both they and their spouses struggled with PPD. […] If symptoms persist or if they interfere with daily life or the ability to care for the child, then it could be postpartum depression. This is true for both mothers and fathers. […] Many postpartum depression symptoms are synonymous with a major depressive disorder. […] For men experiencing paternal depression, these are some common symptoms: A significant change in appetite, Weight change, Inability to sleep, Unexplained aches or pains, Loss of energy, Feeling restless or agitated, Loss of interest or pleasure in activities, Feeling sad or hopeless, Feeling worthless or guilty, Excessive worrying, Inability to concentrate or make decisions, Sudden changes in mood, Thoughts of suicide or death, Intrusive thoughts of harming the baby.

• #210 What is Postpartum Depression (PPD)? – Beyond Blue

  https://www.beyondblue.org.au/mental-health/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression often starts from four to six weeks after giving birth. However, it can happen anytime during the first year after a baby is born. […] Without treatment, Postpartum depression can last for several months or even years. That’s why it’s extremely important to seek help if symptoms persist. […] The baby blues or 'postpartum blues’ is a conversational term to describe the sadness that women usually experience between the third and tenth day after giving birth. It happens due to changes in hormone levels after giving birth. It is temporary. […] Feelings of rage and anxiety are common with postpartum depression. […] New parents may not recognise postpartum depression it can be mistaken for fatigue. While sleep deprivation and increased levels of stress are normal after a baby is born, they may evolve into postpartum depression if experienced over long periods of time. […] Both parents may experience postpartum depression. In fathers, symptoms often present as increased irritability or withdrawal, as opposed to sadness in mothers. Postpartum depression in men can develop over several months. It can peak between three to six months after a baby is born.

• #211 How Postpartum Depression Affects Dads

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-male-postpartum-depression-5188022

  Irritability, indecisiveness, and a limited range of emotions are also common symptoms experienced by men with postpartum depression. […] Women are often screened by their doctor for postpartum depression, but men typically arent. […] If youre a new father experiencing persistent and ongoing symptoms of depression, youll want to notify your partner, doctor, and/or mental health professional. […] The diagnostic process may include clinical questioning, often using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revisions (DSM-5-TR), and/or the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). […] Because there’s a stigma associated with men and their mental health, especially when it comes to postpartum depression, its important for men to speak up and seek professional help when symptoms arise and especially when those symptoms continue for an extended period of time.

• #212 What is Postpartum Depression (PPD)? – Beyond Blue

  https://www.beyondblue.org.au/mental-health/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum depression often starts from four to six weeks after giving birth. However, it can happen anytime during the first year after a baby is born. […] Without treatment, Postpartum depression can last for several months or even years. That’s why it’s extremely important to seek help if symptoms persist. […] The baby blues or 'postpartum blues’ is a conversational term to describe the sadness that women usually experience between the third and tenth day after giving birth. It happens due to changes in hormone levels after giving birth. It is temporary. […] Feelings of rage and anxiety are common with postpartum depression. […] New parents may not recognise postpartum depression it can be mistaken for fatigue. While sleep deprivation and increased levels of stress are normal after a baby is born, they may evolve into postpartum depression if experienced over long periods of time. […] Both parents may experience postpartum depression. In fathers, symptoms often present as increased irritability or withdrawal, as opposed to sadness in mothers. Postpartum depression in men can develop over several months. It can peak between three to six months after a baby is born.

• #213 Postpartum Depression

  https://www.unitypoint.org/find-a-service/maternity-and-newborn-care/postpartum-depression

  Postpartum mood disorders can affect your baby. They are serious illnesses which, if not treated, can have long term effects for both baby and mother. Depressed mothers may not interact with their baby as much as mothers who are not depressed. […] Women whose PPD is not treated may go on to develop a chronic mental illness. […] A report in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that 10 percent of men or non-birthing parents worldwide can show signs of postpartum depression. […] If you think you may be struggling with postpartum depression, call your provider. Your doctor can help you determine if you are struggling with PPD and find a treatment plan for you.

• #214 How Postpartum Depression Affects Dads

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-male-postpartum-depression-5188022

  Treatment for postpartum depression is similar to treatment for clinical depression. […] As of August 4, 2023, the Food and Drug Administration approved Zuranolone as the first oral treatment for postpartum depression. […] Many factors can contribute to the development or worsening of postpartum depression, including but not limited to: History of depression or anxiety, Other mental health concerns, such as substance misuse, Low or lack of social support, Low income or financial stress, Relationship with mother, Postpartum depression in mother, Young paternal age, Living in a separate household from the child. […] Postpartum depression can manifest differently for men than women. […] A father’s depression can impact the child’s development and increase the child’s risk of developing a psychiatric disorder in early childhood. […] When male postpartum depression goes undiagnosed, it can harm the whole family. […] Male postpartum depression can go undiagnosed for many months, but it is treatable. If you’re a new father experiencing symptoms of depression, talk to your primary care physician or a mental health professional.

• #215 Psychiatry.org – What is Perinatal Depression (formerly Postpartum)?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/peripartum-depression/what-is-peripartum-depression

  New fathers/co-parents can also experience symptoms of perinatal depression. Symptoms may include irritability, frustration, guilt, fatigue and changes in eating or sleeping, and any of the other perinatal depression symptoms listed above. An estimated 10% of fathers experience depression in the first year after their child’s birth (Paulson Bazemore 2010). […] Any new mother/birthing individual (or gestational carrier/surrogate) can experience symptoms of perinatal depression or other mood disorders. People are at increased risk of depression during or after pregnancy if they have previously experienced (or have a family history of) depression or other psychiatric disorders, if they are experiencing particularly stressful life events in addition to the pregnancy, or if they do not have the support of family and friends.

• #216 How Postpartum Depression Affects Dads

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-male-postpartum-depression-5188022

  Treatment for postpartum depression is similar to treatment for clinical depression. […] As of August 4, 2023, the Food and Drug Administration approved Zuranolone as the first oral treatment for postpartum depression. […] Many factors can contribute to the development or worsening of postpartum depression, including but not limited to: History of depression or anxiety, Other mental health concerns, such as substance misuse, Low or lack of social support, Low income or financial stress, Relationship with mother, Postpartum depression in mother, Young paternal age, Living in a separate household from the child. […] Postpartum depression can manifest differently for men than women. […] A father’s depression can impact the child’s development and increase the child’s risk of developing a psychiatric disorder in early childhood. […] When male postpartum depression goes undiagnosed, it can harm the whole family. […] Male postpartum depression can go undiagnosed for many months, but it is treatable. If you’re a new father experiencing symptoms of depression, talk to your primary care physician or a mental health professional.

• #217 Postpartum depression – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_depression

  Postpartum depression onset usually begins between two weeks to a month after delivery. […] The prevalence of postpartum depression differs across different months after childbirth. […] PPD may last several months or even a year. […] Postpartum depression can interfere with normal maternal-infant bonding and adversely affect acute and long-term child development. […] Children and infants of PPD-affected mothers experience negative long-term impacts on their cognitive functioning, inhibitory control, and emotional regulation. […] A different kind of postpartum mood disorder is Postpartum psychosis, which is more severe and occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women following childbirth. […] Postpartum psychosis is one of the leading causes of the murder of children less than one year of age, which occurs in about 8 per 100,000 births in the United States.

• #218 How Postpartum Depression Affects Dads

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-male-postpartum-depression-5188022

  Irritability, indecisiveness, and a limited range of emotions are also common symptoms experienced by men with postpartum depression. […] Women are often screened by their doctor for postpartum depression, but men typically arent. […] If youre a new father experiencing persistent and ongoing symptoms of depression, youll want to notify your partner, doctor, and/or mental health professional. […] The diagnostic process may include clinical questioning, often using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revisions (DSM-5-TR), and/or the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). […] Because there’s a stigma associated with men and their mental health, especially when it comes to postpartum depression, its important for men to speak up and seek professional help when symptoms arise and especially when those symptoms continue for an extended period of time.

• #219 How Postpartum Depression Affects Dads

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-male-postpartum-depression-5188022

  Treatment for postpartum depression is similar to treatment for clinical depression. […] As of August 4, 2023, the Food and Drug Administration approved Zuranolone as the first oral treatment for postpartum depression. […] Many factors can contribute to the development or worsening of postpartum depression, including but not limited to: History of depression or anxiety, Other mental health concerns, such as substance misuse, Low or lack of social support, Low income or financial stress, Relationship with mother, Postpartum depression in mother, Young paternal age, Living in a separate household from the child. […] Postpartum depression can manifest differently for men than women. […] A father’s depression can impact the child’s development and increase the child’s risk of developing a psychiatric disorder in early childhood. […] When male postpartum depression goes undiagnosed, it can harm the whole family. […] Male postpartum depression can go undiagnosed for many months, but it is treatable. If you’re a new father experiencing symptoms of depression, talk to your primary care physician or a mental health professional.

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