Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Lewy Body Dementia (LBD): What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17815-lewy-body-dementia

  Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a common type of dementia that happens when clumps of proteins called Lewy bodies build up in your brain. They damage parts of your brain that affect cognition, behavior, movement and sleep. LBD is a progressive condition, meaning it gets worse over time. […] Lewy body dementia is a progressive disease, meaning symptoms start slowly and get worse over time. […] A buildup of Lewy bodies (proteins called alpha-synuclein) causes both dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinsons disease dementia. When Lewy bodies build up in neurons, they cause damage to certain areas of your brain. […] Researchers dont know why some people develop LBD while others dont. Theres some thought that the combination of mutations in a persons genes, environmental risk factors and natural aging might lead to the development of LBD in some people. Research into specific causes is ongoing.

• #1 Lewy Body Dementia: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis | National Institute on Aging

  https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/lewy-body-dementia/lewy-body-dementia-causes-symptoms-and-diagnosis

  LBD is a disease associated with abnormal deposits of a protein called alpha-synuclein in the brain. […] The precise cause of LBD is unknown, but scientists are learning more about its biology and genetics. […] For example, they know that an accumulation of Lewy bodies is associated with a loss of certain neurons in the brain that produce important neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that act as messengers between brain cells. […] Age is considered the greatest risk factor, with most people developing the disorder over age 50. […] Other known risk factors for LBD include the following: Certain diseases and health conditions, particularly REM sleep behavior disorder and loss of smell, are linked to a higher risk of LBD. […] While having a family member with LBD may increase a person’s risk, LBD is not typically considered a hereditary disease. […] However, in most cases, the cause of LBD is unknown. […] Scientists are exploring many avenues to develop better ways to diagnose and treat LBD. […] Scientists hope that new knowledge about LBD will one day lead to more effective treatments and even ways to cure and prevent the disorder.

• #1 Causes of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/dementia-with-lewy-bodies/causes.html

  Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is caused by degeneration of brain tissue. Lewy bodies in the brain affect substances called neurotransmitters. A neurotransmitter is a chemical that helps to transmit signals from one nerve cell to another. […] Lewy bodies interfere with the production of dopamine. A lack of dopamine causes movement problems such as those seen in Parkinson’s disease (PD). […] When Lewy bodies build up in these areas, they lead to a deficiency in acetylcholine, causing symptoms of dementia.

• #1 Lewy Body Dementia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482441/

  Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) encompasses two clinical entities: dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease dementia. […] The etiology of LBD is still unknown; however, genetics, environmental factors, and changes linked to aging may have a role and still require further research. […] Genetic mutations, environmental toxins, and the aging process can lead to alpha-synuclein misfolding and its accumulation in Lewy bodies via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

• #1 What Is Lewy Body Dementia?

  https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/lewy-body-dementia

  In people with LBD, abnormal clumps of a protein called alpha-synuclein accumulate in areas of the brain involved in thinking, memory, and movement. The clumps are called „Lewy bodies” after the doctor who discovered them. They build up inside neurons, or nerve cells, in the brain and cause the neurons not to work well and eventually die. Certain chemicals in the brain that act as messengers between cells are also affected. What causes these changes in the brain is not yet fully understood. […] Most cases of LBD are not inherited and rarely does more than one family member have the disease. Certain genetic variants may increase the chance of developing dementia with Lewy bodies, but having a genetic variant does not mean that a person will definitely develop the disease.

• #1 Dementia with Lewy bodies – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies

  Most people with DLB do not have affected family members, although occasionally DLB runs in a family. The exact cause is unknown but involves formation of abnormal clumps of protein in neurons throughout the brain. […] The heritability of DLB is thought to be around 30% (that is, about 70% of disease severity is due to external factors or chance). […] The greatest risk of developing DLB is being over the age of 50. Having REM sleep behavior disorder or Parkinson’s disease confers a higher risk for developing DLB. The risk of developing DLB has not been linked to any specific lifestyle factors. […] The exact cause of DLB is unknown. Synucleinopathies are typically caused by interactions of genetic and environmental influences.

• #1 Lewy body dementia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewy_body_dementia

  Lewy body dementia (LBD) is an umbrella term for two similar and common subtypes of dementia: dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). […] The exact cause is unknown, but involves widespread deposits of abnormal clumps of protein that form in neurons of the diseased brain. […] The fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) gives Lewy body disease as the causative subtype of dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson’s disease as the causative subtype of Parkinson’s disease dementia. […] Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia are similar in many ways, suggesting there may be a common pathophysiological mechanism, with PDD and DLB at opposite ends of a Lewy body disease spectrum, and a shared component of protein deposits in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites.

• #1 Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/brain-and-nerves/dementia/types/dementia-lewy-bodies.html

  Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common types of progressive dementia. DLB usually occurs sporadically, in people with no known family history of the disease. However, rare familial cases have occasionally been reported. […] Many of the remaining nerve cells in the substantia nigra contain abnormal structures called Lewy bodies that are the hallmark of the disease. Lewy bodies contain a protein called alpha-synuclein that has been linked to Parkinson’s disease and several other disorders. Researchers, who sometimes refer to these disorders collectively as „synucleinopathies,” do not yet know why this protein accumulates inside nerve cells in DLB. […] Lewy bodies are often found in the brains of people with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. These findings suggest that either DLB is related to these other causes of dementia or that the diseases sometimes coexist in the same person.

• #1 What Are the Lewy Body Dementia Risk Factors Patients Should Know About? – Altoida

  https://altoida.com/blog/what-are-the-lewy-body-dementia-risk-factors-patients-should-know-about/

  Lewy body dementia is more prevalent in men than in women. […] Research suggests these conditions may also be risk factors for Lewy body dementia. […] A 2018 population-based study found that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia are both risk factors for Alzheimers disease and Lewy body dementia. […] A 2013 case-control study found that depression increases Lewy body dementia risk more strongly than it does in Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease.

• #1 Lewy body dementia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lewy-body-dementia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352025

  Lewy body dementia is characterized by the buildup of proteins into masses known as Lewy bodies. This protein also is associated with Parkinson’s disease. People who have Lewy bodies in their brains also have the plaques and tangles associated with Alzheimer’s disease. […] A few factors seem to increase the risk of developing Lewy body dementia, including: […] Those who have a family member with Lewy body dementia or Parkinson’s disease are at greater risk.

• #1 Lewy Body Dementia: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1135041-overview

  Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a progressive, degenerative dementia of unknown etiology. […] The etiology of DLB is not known. Symptoms and signs of DLB probably result, in part, from disruption of bidirectional information flow from the striatum to the neocortex, especially the frontal lobe. The cause is multifactorial. Altered levels of neuromodulators and/or neurotransmitters (eg, ACh, dopamine) influence the function of many neuronal circuits. In DLB, nonpyramidal cells in layers V and VI of the neocortex may contain LBs. Their function in neocortical information processing and in relaying data to subcortical regions probably is impaired. The etiology of fluctuations in cognitive function, which characterize DLB, is unknown. […] Rare cases of familial DLB have been reported. Overrepresentation of apolipoprotein E subtype 4 (ApoE4) genotype has been found in patients with DLB, but only in those whose disease has occurred concomitantly with Alzheimer disease.

• #1 Dementia with Lewy Bodies | Parkinson’s Foundation

  https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/non-movement-symptoms/dementia/lewy-bodies

  Approximately 1.4 million people in the U.S. are estimated to live with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), a progressive brain disorder also known as Lewy body dementia. […] Dementia with Lewy bodies is diagnosed when cognitive decline (thinking changes) is an early symptom, occurring before or within a year of the onset of movement symptoms. […] The protein alpha-synuclein is involved in both DLB and PD. In these diseases, damaged alpha-synuclein folds into an irregular shape and forms toxic clumps known as Lewy bodies that alter the way brain cells work. […] Lewy bodies are linked to progressive dopamine loss in the brain, in addition to affecting many other neurotransmitters and circuits. […] Researchers are working to uncover exactly what causes dementia with Lewy bodies.

• #1 Dementia with Lewy bodies: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dementia-with-lewy-bodies/

  Changes in these four genes can lead to the formation of Lewy bodies, which are clusters of alpha-synuclein protein. SNCA gene variants result in misshapen alpha-synuclein proteins that cluster together (aggregate). SNCB gene variants lead to the production of an altered beta-synuclein protein that allows accumulation of alpha-synuclein. GBA1 gene variants are thought to disrupt the normal function of lysosomes. Research suggests that malfunctioning lysosomes impair the breakdown of alpha-synuclein, increasing the risk of its accumulation and the formation of Lewy bodies. […] In dementia with Lewy bodies, alpha-synuclein clusters accumulate inside and outside of neurons throughout the brain where they impair cell function and ultimately cause cell death. Neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine seem to be particularly vulnerable to Lewy bodies. Dopamine has many important functions, including playing complex roles in cognition, motivation, behavior, and control of movement. Over time, the loss of dopamine-producing neurons can increasingly impair intellectual and motor function and the regulation of emotions, resulting in the signs and symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies.

• #1 Dementia with Lewy bodies: an update and outlook | Molecular Neurodegeneration | Full Text

  https://molecularneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13024-019-0306-8

  Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder producing progressive cognitive decline that interferes with normal life and daily activities. Neuropathologically, DLB is characterised by the accumulation of aggregated -synuclein protein in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, similar to Parkinsons disease (PD). […] The central role of -syn in LBD originated from almost simultaneous findings of mutations in the gene encoding for -syn (SNCA) in familial forms of PD, and of -syn comprising the major protein component of Lewy bodies. […] Increasing recognition of DLB as a distinct and prevalent age-associated neurodegenerative dementia has stimulated increasing numbers of high-quality studies on its aetiology and pathogenesis. […] Our present understanding of the genetic aetiology of DLB is limited. Nevertheless, the available studies suggest that genetic factors are as important in DLB as in AD or PD. Positive family history of dementia and DLB is a strong risk factor for DLB and siblings of affected individuals are at 2.3 fold risk of developing the disease themselves.

• #1 Lewy body dementia | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/lewy-body-dementia?content_id=CON-20166450

  Lewy body dementia is characterized by the buildup of proteins into masses known as Lewy bodies. This protein also is associated with Parkinson’s disease. People who have Lewy bodies in their brains also have the plaques and tangles associated with Alzheimer’s disease. […] A few factors seem to increase the risk of developing Lewy body dementia, including: […] People older than 60 are at greater risk. […] Lewy body dementia affects more men than women. […] Those who have a family member with Lewy body dementia or Parkinson’s disease are at greater risk.

• #2 What Is Lewy Body Dementia?

  https://www.alzheimers.gov/alzheimers-dementias/lewy-body-dementia

  In people with LBD, abnormal clumps of a protein called alpha-synuclein accumulate in areas of the brain involved in thinking, memory, and movement. The clumps are called „Lewy bodies” after the doctor who discovered them. They build up inside neurons, or nerve cells, in the brain and cause the neurons not to work well and eventually die. Certain chemicals in the brain that act as messengers between cells are also affected. What causes these changes in the brain is not yet fully understood. […] Most cases of LBD are not inherited and rarely does more than one family member have the disease. Certain genetic variants may increase the chance of developing dementia with Lewy bodies, but having a genetic variant does not mean that a person will definitely develop the disease.

• #2 Lewy Body Dementia: Symptoms, Stages, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/dementia-lewy-bodies

  Lewy bodies, named after the scientist who discovered them, are made of a protein called alpha-synuclein. When they build up, they keep your brain from making the right amount of two important chemicals. One of them, called acetylcholine, affects your memory and learning. The other, called dopamine, affects how you move, your mood, and your sleep. […] Scientists aren’t sure what causes the buildup of Lewy bodies in the brain. They’re also not sure why some people get LBD and others don’t. Research is underway to help doctors better understand the disease and its causes. […] LBD is not considered a hereditary disease. But if you have a family member with it, your chance of developing the disease goes up. Also, certain changes in the genes APOE, SNCA, and GBA have been linked to a higher risk of LBD. […] Scientists don’t know exactly what causes Lewy body dementia. Research is going on to learn more about why LBD affects certain people.

• #2 Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) | Symptoms & Causes | alz.org

  https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/types-of-dementia/dementia-with-lewy-bodies

  Dementia with Lewy bodies is one of the causes of dementia, alongside other types of dementia like Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. […] Researchers have not yet identified any specific causes of dementia with Lewy bodies. Most people diagnosed with DLB have no family history of the disorder, and no genes linked to DLB have been conclusively identified.

• #2 A Deeper Look On Lewy Body Dementia

  https://thebrielle.com/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-lewy-body-dementia/

  Lewy body dementia (LBD) occurs when abnormal deposits of protein (Lewy bodies) develop in the brain. […] Researchers haven’t been able to uncover the exact cause of LBD; however, all individuals with LBD have abnormal protein clusters (Lewy bodies) in their brains which cause a disruption in brain function. […] Scientists believe there are probably many factors involved, including genetic and environmental factors combined with the aging process. […] Although the cause of LBD is unknown, certain risk factors have been identified that increase an individual’s chances of developing LBD. These include age, gender, diseases and health conditions, and genetics.

• #2 About LBD – Lewy Body Dementia Association

  https://www.lbda.org/about-lbd/

  Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a brain disease characterized by a spectrum of symptoms involving disturbances of movement, cognition, behavior, sleep and autonomic function. […] The cause of LBD is unknown. Brain pathological changes in LBD involve selective damage and loss of nerve cells in certain regions of the brain (example: substantia nigra in the brainstem). […] There are many possible causes of LBD but researchers are just beginning to understand the reasons why some people are more susceptible to developing LBD. […] One important reason that has recently come to light is the discovery of an increasing number of genetic variants that increase the likelihood that a person will develop LBD. […] In most instances PD and DLB are thought to arise through a complex interaction between common genetic and environmental factors, each one with a small-to-modest effect.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia-with-lewy-bodies/

  Dementia with Lewy bodies is caused by clumps of protein forming inside brain cells. […] These abnormal deposits are called Lewy bodies. […] These deposits are also found in people with Parkinson’s disease, and they build up in areas of the brain responsible for functions such as thinking, visual perception and muscle movement. […] It’s not clear why the deposits develop and how exactly they damage the brain. […] It’s thought that part of the problem is the proteins affecting the brain’s normal functions by interfering with signals sent between brain cells. […] Dementia with Lewy bodies usually occurs in people with no family history of the condition, although there have been very rare cases that seem to run in families.

• #2 Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson Disease Dementia – Neurologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/delirium-and-dementia/dementia-with-lewy-bodies-and-parkinson-disease-dementia

  Lewy body dementia includes clinically diagnosed dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease dementia. Dementia with Lewy bodies is chronic cognitive deterioration characterized by cellular inclusions called Lewy bodies in the cytoplasm of cortical neurons. Parkinson disease dementia is cognitive deterioration characterized by Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra; it develops late in Parkinson disease. […] Because Lewy bodies occur in dementia with Lewy bodies and in Parkinson disease dementia, some experts think the 2 disorders may be part of a more generalized synucleinopathy affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. […] Because Lewy bodies occur in dementia with Lewy bodies and in Parkinson disease, some experts hypothesize that the 2 disorders are part of the same synucleinopathy affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems.

• #2 Lewy Body Dementia | LBD | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/lewybodydementia.html

  Lewy body dementia (LBD) happens when Lewy bodies build up in parts of the brain that control memory, thinking, and movement. Lewy bodies are abnormal deposits of a protein called alpha-synuclein. Researchers don’t know exactly why these deposits form. But they do know that other diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, also involve a build-up of that protein. […] The biggest risk factor for LBD is age; most people who get it are over age 50. People who have a family history of LBD are also at higher risk.

• #2 What Are the Lewy Body Dementia Risk Factors Patients Should Know About? – Altoida

  https://altoida.com/blog/what-are-the-lewy-body-dementia-risk-factors-patients-should-know-about/

  Lewy body dementia, or dementia with Lewy bodies, is believed to be the third most common cause of dementia after Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia, accounting for approximately 5% to 10% of dementia cases. […] However, the pathology of Lewy body dementia and its risk factors are far less established and understood when compared to other causes of dementia, such as Alzheimers disease. […] Established and generally agreed-upon risk factors for Lewy body dementia include age, family history, and sex, described in more detail below. […] Advanced age is the greatest known risk factor for Lewy body dementia. Lewy body dementia typically presents between the ages of 50 and 85, though it has been diagnosed in younger individuals. […] The hereditary nature of Lewy body dementia is not well established; however, experts believe that individuals with a family history of Lewy body dementia or Parkinsons disease may be at greater risk.

• #2 Lewy body dementia | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/lewy-body-dementia?content_id=CON-20166450

  Lewy body dementia is characterized by the buildup of proteins into masses known as Lewy bodies. This protein also is associated with Parkinson’s disease. People who have Lewy bodies in their brains also have the plaques and tangles associated with Alzheimer’s disease. […] A few factors seem to increase the risk of developing Lewy body dementia, including: […] People older than 60 are at greater risk. […] Lewy body dementia affects more men than women. […] Those who have a family member with Lewy body dementia or Parkinson’s disease are at greater risk.

• #2 Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias | LA County Department of Public Health

  http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/healthybrainla/AlzheimersDementias/lewybodydementia.htm

  Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) is a progressive disease marked by brain changes that result in problems with thinking, movement, and behavior. LBD is linked to an abnormal buildup of a protein called alpha-synuclein in the brain. This buildup forms clumps called Lewy bodies and impacts areas of the brain involved with thinking, movement, and behavior. The specific cause of LBD remains unknown. Researchers are still trying to understand what factors cause Lewy bodies to form. […] Age is the greatest known risk factor for LBD, mainly affecting people aged 50 or older. LBD is also more common among men than women. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disorders and a family history of LBD or Parkinsons disease may also increase the risk for LBD.

• #2 Dementia with Lewy Bodies Risk Factors | Alzheimer’s Research UK

  https://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/dementia-information/types-of-dementia/dementia-with-lewy-bodies/risk-factors/

  Age is the biggest known risk factor for the development of Dementia with Lewy bodies. […] A risk factor is something that increases your likelihood of developing a disease or condition. As with many other types of dementia, there are many risk factors for dementia with Lewy bodies that interact together to cause the disease. […] Age is the biggest risk factor for the development of DLB, this means that the older we are the more likely it becomes. We know that conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes are risk factors for other types of dementia like Alzheimer’s disease and there is evidence to suggest they are risk factors for the development of DLB too. Men are more likely to get DLB than women, and people with a family history of Parkinson’s disease or DLB have a higher risk too.

• #2 Dementia with Lewy bodies: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dementia-with-lewy-bodies/

  Changes in these four genes can lead to the formation of Lewy bodies, which are clusters of alpha-synuclein protein. SNCA gene variants result in misshapen alpha-synuclein proteins that cluster together (aggregate). SNCB gene variants lead to the production of an altered beta-synuclein protein that allows accumulation of alpha-synuclein. GBA1 gene variants are thought to disrupt the normal function of lysosomes. Research suggests that malfunctioning lysosomes impair the breakdown of alpha-synuclein, increasing the risk of its accumulation and the formation of Lewy bodies. […] In dementia with Lewy bodies, alpha-synuclein clusters accumulate inside and outside of neurons throughout the brain where they impair cell function and ultimately cause cell death. Neurons that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine seem to be particularly vulnerable to Lewy bodies. Dopamine has many important functions, including playing complex roles in cognition, motivation, behavior, and control of movement. Over time, the loss of dopamine-producing neurons can increasingly impair intellectual and motor function and the regulation of emotions, resulting in the signs and symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies.

• #2 Lewy Body Dementia (LBD): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/neuro/dementia/lewy-body-dementia-lbd

  Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a disease that affects neurological function. It is linked to abnormal deposits of a protein in the brain called alpha-synuclein. These deposits, called Lewy bodies, affect chemicals in the brain and cause changes in thinking, movement, behavior, and mood. […] The precise cause of LBD is unknown. The condition is linked to an accumulation of Lewy bodies in the brain. Lewy bodies are abnormal deposits of a protein in the brain called alpha-synuclein. Lewy bodies affect how the brain works and cause thinking, organization, and other problems. Most people will have similar symptoms to those of Alzheimers disease, though patients may not meet the criteria for Alzheimers disease.

• #2 Dementia with Lewy Bodies

  https://neurosciences.ucsd.edu/centers-programs/movement-disorders/community/disease-overview/dlb.html

  Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most frequent cause of dementia in elderly adults. […] DLB has deposits in certain areas of the brain of a protein called alpha-synuclein that form structures called Lewy bodies that are also linked to Parkinson’s disease. […] The overall goal is to find out what causes this disease, so we can focus on preventing and curing rather than only treating its symptoms.

• #2 Dementia with Lewy Bodies | Parkinson’s Foundation

  https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/non-movement-symptoms/dementia/lewy-bodies

  Approximately 1.4 million people in the U.S. are estimated to live with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), a progressive brain disorder also known as Lewy body dementia. […] Dementia with Lewy bodies is diagnosed when cognitive decline (thinking changes) is an early symptom, occurring before or within a year of the onset of movement symptoms. […] The protein alpha-synuclein is involved in both DLB and PD. In these diseases, damaged alpha-synuclein folds into an irregular shape and forms toxic clumps known as Lewy bodies that alter the way brain cells work. […] Lewy bodies are linked to progressive dopamine loss in the brain, in addition to affecting many other neurotransmitters and circuits. […] Researchers are working to uncover exactly what causes dementia with Lewy bodies.

• #2 What is Lewy body dementia? – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/what-is-lewy-body-dementia-202407123057

  Months after actor and comedian Robin Williams took his own life in August 2014, autopsy results revealed he had a devastating disease: Lewy body dementia (LBD). […] These disorders stem from an abnormal buildup of protein deposits in the brain called Lewy bodies. The deposits, formed from a protein called alpha-synuclein, settle in brain areas affecting thinking, behavior, perception, and movement. […] Age is considered the biggest risk factor for the disease. Most cases have no known trigger, although a handful of gene mutations can predispose someone to LBD. […] Several lifestyle factors such as diet, lack of exercise, and toxic exposures have been linked to Parkinson’s disease risk. However, little research has been done to examine whether these factors are linked to LBD. […] The diagnosis of DLB is made when key clinical features are present trouble thinking, fluctuations in thinking, movement problems, and REM sleep behavioral disorder in the absence of other causes. The diagnosis of PDD is made when dementia arises in Parkinson’s disease. […] Although there’s no cure, treatments like medications, physical therapy, and counseling can help with specific symptoms of LBD, such as thinking problems, hallucinations, and sleep disturbances.

• #2 Lewy Body Dementia vs. Alzheimer’s Disease

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/difference-between-alzheimers-and-lewy-body-dementia-98749

  Lewy body dementia is caused by the abnormal buildup of proteins, called Lewy bodies, in the brain. When clumps of these proteins accumulate, nerves in the brain start to lose their function and eventually die. The damage in the brain is widespread and affects many domains of thinking and functioning. […] The underlying causes of Alzheimer’s and LBD can and often do overlap. As a result, a person with LBD might experience Alzheimer-type changes in their brain, resulting in shared characteristics and symptoms referred to as mixed dementia. […] LBD is caused by abnormal deposits of proteins called Lewy bodies in the brain. These proteins are also associated with Parkinson’s disease dementia. […] Alzheimer’s is caused by the abnormal buildup of proteins called amyloid in the brain and the abnormal formation of a protein called tau that blocks nerve signals.

• #3 What Are the Lewy Body Dementia Risk Factors Patients Should Know About? – Altoida

  https://altoida.com/blog/what-are-the-lewy-body-dementia-risk-factors-patients-should-know-about/

  Lewy body dementia, or dementia with Lewy bodies, is believed to be the third most common cause of dementia after Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia, accounting for approximately 5% to 10% of dementia cases. […] However, the pathology of Lewy body dementia and its risk factors are far less established and understood when compared to other causes of dementia, such as Alzheimers disease. […] Established and generally agreed-upon risk factors for Lewy body dementia include age, family history, and sex, described in more detail below. […] Advanced age is the greatest known risk factor for Lewy body dementia. Lewy body dementia typically presents between the ages of 50 and 85, though it has been diagnosed in younger individuals. […] The hereditary nature of Lewy body dementia is not well established; however, experts believe that individuals with a family history of Lewy body dementia or Parkinsons disease may be at greater risk.

• #3 Clinical features and diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-dementia-with-lewy-bodies

  Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common types of degenerative dementias, second to Alzheimer disease (AD). In addition to dementia, distinctive clinical features include visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, cognitive fluctuations, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), dysautonomia, and neuroleptic sensitivity. […] The pathological hallmark of DLB is the presence of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies that contain aggregated alpha-synuclein. Lewy bodies are typically present in the deep cortical layers throughout the brain, especially in anterior frontal and temporal lobes, cingulate gyrus, and insula. […] „Lewy body dementia” is an umbrella term that includes DLB and Parkinson disease with (Lewy body) dementia (PDD). There is increasing consensus that DLB is a clinically distinct disorder, distinguished by early onset of dementia and more rapid progression. By contrast, dementia occurs much later in patients with PDD, sometimes as much as 10 years after the onset of Parkinson disease (PD). While both disorders share similar clinical features and pathology, DLB is comparatively underrecognized and harbors a poorer prognosis, with an average disease duration of five to eight years from symptom onset. […] Clinical diagnostic criteria for DLB are continually being refined to improve specificity and sensitivity. Appropriate diagnosis is critical in order to provide the best treatment in regard to maximizing efficacy and limiting adverse effects.

• #3 Lewy Body Dementia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/dementia/lewy-body-dementia/

  Lewy body dementia is a type of dementia (cognitive impairment that interferes with daily activities) caused by deposits of a protein, called alpha-synuclein, in the brain. These deposits form clumps, called Lewy bodies, that doctors can see under a microscope. Its likely the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimers disease. […] Lewy body dementia develops when abnormal clumps of a protein called alpha-synuclein build up in the brain. These clumps, called Lewy bodies, disrupt normal brain function and lead to the widespread death of neurons (brain cells). […] Lewy body dementia causes the death of neurons that produce two key neurotransmitters, or brain chemicals: acetylcholine and dopamine. Acetylcholine is important for learning and memory, while dopamine plays a role in thinking, movement, motivation, sleep, and mood.

• #3 Dementia with Lewy bodies: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/dementia-with-lewy-bodies/

  Dementia with Lewy bodies is a nervous system disorder characterized by a decline in intellectual function (dementia), a group of movement problems known as parkinsonism, visual hallucinations, sudden changes (fluctuations) in behavior and intellectual ability, and acting out dreams while asleep (REM sleep behavior disorder). This condition typically affects older adults, most often developing between ages 50 and 85. The life expectancy of individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies varies; people typically survive about 5 to 7 years after they are diagnosed. […] Variants (also called mutations) in genes known as SNCA and SNCB can cause dementia with Lewy bodies. The SNCA and SNCB genes provide instructions for making proteins, called alpha-synuclein and beta-synuclein, respectively, that are found primarily in the brain. Alpha-synuclein plays a role in communication between nerve cells (neurons), helping to regulate the release of chemical messengers (neurotransmitters). Beta-synuclein is likely involved in a process that allows neurons to change and adapt over time, which is necessary for learning and memory. Beta-synuclein may also prevent harmful accumulation of alpha-synuclein in neurons.

• #3 Dementia with Lewy bodies: an update and outlook | Molecular Neurodegeneration | Full Text

  https://molecularneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13024-019-0306-8

  Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder producing progressive cognitive decline that interferes with normal life and daily activities. Neuropathologically, DLB is characterised by the accumulation of aggregated -synuclein protein in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, similar to Parkinsons disease (PD). […] The central role of -syn in LBD originated from almost simultaneous findings of mutations in the gene encoding for -syn (SNCA) in familial forms of PD, and of -syn comprising the major protein component of Lewy bodies. […] Increasing recognition of DLB as a distinct and prevalent age-associated neurodegenerative dementia has stimulated increasing numbers of high-quality studies on its aetiology and pathogenesis. […] Our present understanding of the genetic aetiology of DLB is limited. Nevertheless, the available studies suggest that genetic factors are as important in DLB as in AD or PD. Positive family history of dementia and DLB is a strong risk factor for DLB and siblings of affected individuals are at 2.3 fold risk of developing the disease themselves.

• #3 Lewy body dementia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lewy-body-dementia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352025

  Lewy body dementia is characterized by the buildup of proteins into masses known as Lewy bodies. This protein also is associated with Parkinson’s disease. People who have Lewy bodies in their brains also have the plaques and tangles associated with Alzheimer’s disease. […] A few factors seem to increase the risk of developing Lewy body dementia, including: […] Those who have a family member with Lewy body dementia or Parkinson’s disease are at greater risk.

• #3 Lewy body dementias – symptoms, causes and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lewy-body-dementias

  Lewy body dementias are caused by abnormal clumps of protein, called Lewy bodies, developing inside the brain. This damages the nerve cells and can cause them to die. […] The cause of Lewy bodies is not known. Age is the strongest risk factor in all forms of dementia; but dementia is not a normal part of ageing. […] Dementia with Lewy bodies also seems to have a genetic component.

• #3 What Are the Lewy Body Dementia Risk Factors Patients Should Know About? – Altoida

  https://altoida.com/blog/what-are-the-lewy-body-dementia-risk-factors-patients-should-know-about/

  Lewy body dementia is more prevalent in men than in women. […] Research suggests these conditions may also be risk factors for Lewy body dementia. […] A 2018 population-based study found that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia are both risk factors for Alzheimers disease and Lewy body dementia. […] A 2013 case-control study found that depression increases Lewy body dementia risk more strongly than it does in Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease.

• #3 About Lewy Body Dementia – Biggs Institute

  https://biggsinstitute.org/patient-care/lewy-body-dementia/

  Lewy body dementia, also referred to as dementia with Lewy bodies, is the second most common form of dementia in older adults. […] In Lewy body dementia, a protein normally found in the brain, accumulates and forms clusters called Lewy bodies. The Lewy bodies aggregate in areas of the brain important for memory, thinking and movement, causing changes in these behaviors. […] The exact causes of Lewy body dementia are unknown. […] Risk factors include: Family history: Having a family member with Lewy body dementia or Parkinson’s disease can increase risks of developing Lewy body dementia. Age: Risk increases after the age of 60. Gender: Men have an increased risk of being diagnosed with Lewy body dementia.

• #3 Lewy Body Dementias | Memory and Aging Center

  https://memory.ucsf.edu/dementia/parkinsons/lewy-body-dementias

  Dementia with Lewy body disease (DLB) is a condition that causes changes in thinking, behavior, and movement. […] The cause of DLB is unknown. Scientists know that in DLB there is a large build-up of a protein called alpha synuclein. Some of these clusters are called Lewy bodies. Alpha-synuclein occurs normally in the brain, but we do not yet understand what causes it to build up in large amounts. […] Lewy bodies are also seen in Parkinsons disease. As more and more proteins clump in the nerve cells, the cells lose their ability to function and eventually die. This causes the affected parts of the brain to shrink.

• #3 Lewy Body Dementia Symptoms & Treatment | Pacific Brain Health Center

  https://www.pacificneuroscienceinstitute.org/brain-health/conditions-treatment/dementia/lewy-body-dementia/

  The definitive diagnosis of DLB is, unfortunately, based on autopsy. Probable DLB is diagnosed based on the presence of dementia and two of the three core features: visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, and fluctuations of awareness. […] There are no treatments of DLB that are unique to the condition. Medications and treatments used to manage symptoms of parkinsonism, dementia, behavioral issues, and RBD are used based on testing in PD. […] While there are no curative treatments for Lewy Body dementia at this time, at Pacific Neuroscience Institute we are confident that accurate diagnosis is the first step in research opportunities and improved treatment and prevention of progression.

• #4 What is Dementia with Lewy bodies? | Alzheimer’s Research UK

  https://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/dementia-information/types-of-dementia/dementia-with-lewy-bodies/

  Dementia is caused by different diseases. Dementia with Lewy bodies is the third most common disease that causes dementia. […] In DLB, small round clumps of protein build up inside nerve cells in the brain. One of these proteins is called alpha-synuclein, and the clumps it forms are called Lewy bodies. […] As DLB progresses, Lewy bodies build up and this accumulation is accompanied by damage to nerve cells. This damage affects the way that our brain cells communicate. […] In DLB, the nerve cells that are affected are in areas of the brain that control our thinking, memory, and body movement.

• #4 Lewy Bodies Disease – Symptoms, Causes and Treatments – UC Health

  https://www.uchealth.com/en/conditions/lewy-bodies-disease

  Lewy bodies disease is a form of dementia caused by the decay of brain tissues. This decay is caused by the build up of abnormal proteins called Lewy bodies, which are also found in people with Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease. […] Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a form of progressive dementia. It’s caused by the decay of the tissues in the brain. […] The decay or deterioration of brain tissue causes dementia with Lewy bodies. DLB may be genetic. But it is not always clear why someone develops DLB. […] Lewy bodies in the brain affect substances called neurotransmitters. A neurotransmitter is a chemical that helps send signals from one nerve cell to another. […] One type of neurotransmitter is dopamine. It helps send signals that cause muscle movement. Lewy bodies interfere with the making of dopamine. A lack of dopamine causes movement problems, such as those seen in PD. […] Acetylcholine is another type of neurotransmitter. It is found in the parts of the brain responsible for memory, thinking, and processing information. When Lewy bodies build up in these areas, they use up the acetylcholine, causing symptoms of dementia.

• #4 Pulsenotes | Lewy body dementia

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/medicine/neurology/notes/lewy-body-dementia

  Dementia with Lewy body (DLB), also known as Lewy body dementia, is a common subtype of dementia that is characterised by the histopathological findings of intracytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies that contain alpha-synuclein. […] The exact aetiology of DLB remains unknown. […] The exact cause of DLB remains unknown but it is characterised by the presence of Lewy bodies. […] Both genetic and acquired factors are suspected to be important in predisposing an individual to develop DLB. […] Several genetic mutations have been identified that are associated with the development of DLB, which include SNCA, PSEN1/PSEN2, APOE, and APP.

• #4 Lewy Body Dementia vs. Alzheimer’s Disease

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/difference-between-alzheimers-and-lewy-body-dementia-98749

  Lewy body dementia is caused by the abnormal buildup of proteins, called Lewy bodies, in the brain. When clumps of these proteins accumulate, nerves in the brain start to lose their function and eventually die. The damage in the brain is widespread and affects many domains of thinking and functioning. […] The underlying causes of Alzheimer’s and LBD can and often do overlap. As a result, a person with LBD might experience Alzheimer-type changes in their brain, resulting in shared characteristics and symptoms referred to as mixed dementia. […] LBD is caused by abnormal deposits of proteins called Lewy bodies in the brain. These proteins are also associated with Parkinson’s disease dementia. […] Alzheimer’s is caused by the abnormal buildup of proteins called amyloid in the brain and the abnormal formation of a protein called tau that blocks nerve signals.

• #4 Lewy Body Dementia: The Cognitive Disorder You May Not Know About – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/lewy-body-dementia/

  Genetics Having a family member with Lewy body dementia, but LBD is not normally considered a genetic disease. A small percentage of families with dementia with Lewy bodies has a genetic association with the disease. In some cases, its a variant of the GBA gene, but in most cases, the cause is unknown. Currently there is no genetic test that can accurately predict whether someone will develop LBD. […] Other diseases Having Parkinsons disease or REM sleep behavior disorder is linked to a higher risk of LBD.

• #5

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dementia-with-lewy-bodies/

  Dementia with Lewy bodies is caused by clumps of protein forming inside brain cells. […] These abnormal deposits are called Lewy bodies. […] These deposits are also found in people with Parkinson’s disease, and they build up in areas of the brain responsible for functions such as thinking, visual perception and muscle movement. […] It’s not clear why the deposits develop and how exactly they damage the brain. […] It’s thought that part of the problem is the proteins affecting the brain’s normal functions by interfering with signals sent between brain cells. […] Dementia with Lewy bodies usually occurs in people with no family history of the condition, although there have been very rare cases that seem to run in families.

• #5 What is Lewy Body Dementia? Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.wral.com/story/what-is-lewy-body-dementia-causes-symptoms-and-treatments/20260487/

  Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a type of progressive disease that has affected more than a million Americans, according to the Lewy Body Dementia Association. […] The disease can result from an excessive release of alpha-synuclein protein in the brain. These protein deposits are called Lewy bodies and are believed to be one of the root causes of dementia. […] The actual cause of Lew body dementia is still unknown, and research is ongoing to figure out its origin and genetics. However, it is known that Lewy bodies cause the loss of certain neurons and chemicals that enable brain cells to communicate. […] One of those chemicals is acetylcholine, essential for memory and learning. The other one, dopamine, is a crucial component for cognition, movement, and behavior issues. So, the loss of these chemicals causes an imbalance in the brain and overall body function.

• #5 Lewy Body Dementia: Causes and Symptoms | MyParkinsonsTeam

  https://www.myparkinsonsteam.com/resources/lewy-body-dementia-causes-and-symptoms

  Lewy body dementia (LBD) is an umbrella term for two related types of dementia dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinsons disease dementia. […] LBDs are poorly understood but are thought to be characterized by the buildup of Lewy bodies in the brain. Lewy bodies are groupings or clumps of badly formed (misfolded) proteins called alpha-synuclein proteins. […] Genetics or hereditary elements likely play a role. The following genes are thought to be involved in the spectrum of disorders related to Parkinsons disease, including dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinsons: APOE, SNCA, LRRK2PD. […] The APOE gene, which makes protein apolipoprotein E, has been associated with dementia with Lewy bodies. […] These diseases have also been linked to mutations in SNCA (a gene controlling the production of alpha-synuclein) and LRRK2 (a gene that controls the production of a kinase protein). […] However, more research is needed to understand the complicated role of these genes and how they may be interacting.

• #6 Lewy body dementia – Dementia UK

  https://www.dementiauk.org/information-and-support/types-of-dementia/dementia-with-lewy-bodies/

  Lewy body dementia is caused by abnormal clumps of protein (called Lewy bodies) gathering inside brain cells. These Lewy bodies can build up in many parts of the brain but particularly in the areas responsible for thought, movement, visual perception and regulating sleep and alertness. […] Lewy body dementia includes two subtypes; dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s dementia. It particularly affects the person’s ability to think and move and can cause hallucinations, fluctuations in alertness and sleep disturbances which can be extremely distressing for the person and their family.

• #7

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/dementia-lewy-bodies/

  Dementia with Lewy bodies is caused by small clumps of protein (Lewy bodies) forming in brain cells. […] They build up in parts of your brain that affect thinking, visual perception and muscle movement. […] It’s not clear why the clumps develop and how exactly they damage the brain. It may be that the proteins interfere with signals sent between brain cells. […] It is rare for dementia with Lewy bodies to run in families.

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