Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders

  A mental disorder is characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognition, emotional regulation, or behaviour. […] Mental disorders may also be referred to as mental health conditions. […] Neurodevelopmental disorders are behavioural and cognitive disorders, that arise during the developmental period, and involve significant difficulties in the acquisition and execution of specific intellectual, motor, language, or social functions. […] At any one time, a diverse set of individual, family, community, and structural factors may combine to protect or undermine mental health. […] Many of the risk and protective factors are influenced through changes in brain structure and/or function.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/mental-health

  At any one time, a diverse set of individual, family, community and structural factors may combine to protect or undermine mental health. […] Although most people are resilient, people who are exposed to adverse circumstances including poverty, violence, disability and inequality are at higher risk of developing a mental health condition. […] Mental health conditions can cause difficulties in all aspects of life, including relationships with family, friends and community. They can result from or lead to problems at school and at work. […] Globally, mental disorders account for 1 in 6 years lived with disability. People with severe mental health conditions die 10 to 20 years earlier than the general population. And having a mental health condition increases the risk of suicide and experiencing human rights violations. […] The economic consequences of mental health conditions are also enormous, with productivity losses significantly outstripping the direct costs of care.

• #3 Causes of Mental Disorders | Encyclopedia MDPI

  https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34979

  A mental disorder is an impairment of the mind disrupting normal thinking, feeling, mood, behavior, or social interactions, and accompanied by significant distress or dysfunction. The causes of mental disorders are very complex and vary depending on the particular disorder and the individual. Although the causes of most mental disorders are not fully understood, researchers have identified a variety of biological, psychological, and environmental factors that can contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders. Most mental disorders result in a combination of several different factors rather than just a single factor. […] Risk factors for mental illness include psychological trauma, adverse childhood experiences, genetic predisposition, and personality traits. Correlations of mental disorders with drug use include almost all psychoactive substances, e.g., cannabis, alcohol, and caffeine.

• #3 Causes of Mental Disorders | Encyclopedia MDPI

  https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34979

  The primary model of contemporary mainstream Western psychiatry is the biopsychosocial model (BPS), which integrates biological, psychological, and social factors. […] Biological factors consist of anything physical that can cause adverse effects on a person’s mental health. Biological factors include genetics, prenatal damage, infections, exposure to toxins, brain defects or injuries, and substance use. Many professionals believe that the cause of mental disorders is the biology of the brain and the nervous system. […] Family linkage and some twin studies have indicated that genetic factors often play a role in the evolution of mental disorders. […] Any damage that occurs to a fetus while still in its mother’s womb is considered prenatal damage. Mental disorders can develop if the pregnant mother uses drugs or alcohol or is exposed to illnesses or infections during pregnancy.

• #3 Causes of Mental Disorders | Encyclopedia MDPI

  https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34979

  In February 2013, a study found genetic links between five major psychiatric disorders: autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. Abnormalities in the functioning of neurotransmitter systems are also responsible for some mental disorders, including serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and glutamate system’s abnormal functioning. […] Several theories or models seek to explain the causes (etiology) of mental disorders. These theories may differ in regards to how they explain the cause of the disorder, how to treat the disorder, and how they classify mental disorders. […] An overall distinction is also commonly made between a „medical model” (also known as a biomedical or disease model) and a „social model” (also known as an empowerment or recovery model) of mental disorder and disability, with the former focusing on hypothesized disease processes and symptoms, along with latter focusing on hypothesized social constructionism and social contexts.

• #3 Causes of Mental Disorders | Encyclopedia MDPI

  https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/34979

  Several psychiatric disorders have often been associated with microbial pathogens, particularly viruses. […] Any damage to the brain can cause a mental disorder. […] Abnormal levels of dopamine activity correspond with several disorders (reduced in ADHD and OCD, and increased in schizophrenia). […] Substance use disorders, especially with long-term use, can cause or exacerbate many mental disorders. […] The term „environment” is very loosely defined when it comes to mental illness. […] Studies show that there is a direct correlation between poverty and mental illness. The lower the socioeconomic status of an individual the higher the risk of mental illness. […] Problems in communities or cultures, including poverty, unemployment or underemployment, lack of social cohesion, and migration, have been associated with the development of mental disorders. […] Some clinicians believe that psychological characteristics alone determine mental disorders. Others speculate that abnormal behavior can be explained by a mix of social and psychological factors.

• #4 Causes of Mental Illness

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness/

  Many psychological factors may lead to mental illness. […] Certain stressors can trigger mental illness. […] Research continues to show a link between social and economic inequality and poor mental health. […] Mental illnesses can have multiple causes, including genetic, biological, psychological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Life experiences also play a big role. […] Yes. Lack of sleep can lead to mental illnesses, including depression and anxiety. […] Yes. If you have a very stressful life event or situation, it can trigger mental illness or make existing mental illness worse. Triggers are different for different people, depending on your experiences and past trauma.

• #4 Causes of Mental Illness

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness/

  Some mental illnesses are linked to abnormal functioning of nerve cell circuits or pathways that connect particular regions of your brain. […] Genetics (heredity). Mental illnesses sometimes run in families. If you have a family member with a mental illness, you could be more likely to have that. […] Certain infections have been linked to brain damage and the development of mental illness or the worsening of mental illness symptoms. […] Defects in or injury to certain areas of your brain are linked to some mental illnesses. […] Some evidence suggests that problems in early fetal brain development or trauma during birth for example, loss of oxygen to your brain may increase your risk of mental health conditions such as autism spectrum disorder. […] Long-term substance abuse has been linked to mental health conditions including anxiety, depression, and paranoia.

• #4 Causes of Mental Illness

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness/

  What causes mental illness? It’s complicated. Although the exact origin of most mental illnesses isn’t known, research shows they often come from a complex mix of biological, genetic, psychological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. […] Some mental illnesses run in families. But that doesn’t mean you’ll have one just because your mother or father does. […] There are certain mental health conditions that involve circuits in your brain used in thinking, mood, and behavior. Brain injuries are also linked to some mental conditions. […] Mental illnesses can also be triggered or worsened by psychological trauma that happens when you’re a child or teenager, such as: Severe emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; A major loss, such as the death of a parent, early in life; Neglect. […] Major sources of stress, such as the death of a loved one, divorce, problems in your family relationships, job loss, school, and substance abuse can trigger or worsen mental disorders you already live with.

• #5 Causes of mental disorders – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_mental_disorders

  Adverse experiences affect a person’s mental health, including abuse, neglect, bullying, social stress, traumatic events, and other overwhelming life experiences. […] The specific risks and pathways to particular disorders are less clear, however. […] Aspects of the wider community have also been implicated, including employment problems, socioeconomic inequality, lack of social cohesion, problems linked to migration, and features of particular societies and cultures. […] The primary model of contemporary mainstream Western psychiatry is the biopsychosocial model (BPS), which integrates biological, psychological, and social factors. […] The biopsychosocial approach systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery.

• #5 Causes of mental disorders – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_mental_disorders

  A related view, the diathesis-stress model, posits that mental disorders result from genetic dispositions and environmental stressors, combining to cause patterns of distress or dysfunction. […] Some clinicians believe that psychological characteristics alone determine mental disorders. Others speculate that abnormal behavior can be explained by a mix of social and psychological factors. […] In many examples, environmental and psychological triggers complement one another resulting in emotional stress, which in turn activates a mental illness.

• #5 Causes of mental disorders – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_mental_disorders

  In February 2013, a study found genetic links between five major psychiatric disorders: autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. […] Abnormal functioning of neurotransmitter systems is also responsible for some mental disorders, including serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and glutamate system’s abnormal functioning. […] Psychological mechanisms have also been implicated, such as cognitive (e.g. reasoning) biases, emotional influences, personality dynamics, temperament, and coping style. […] Studies have indicated that variation in genes can play an important role in the evolution of mental disorders, although the reliable identification of connections between specific genes and specific disorders has proven more difficult. […] Environmental events surrounding pregnancy (such as maternal hypertension, preeclampsia, or infection) and birth have also been implicated.

• #6 Etiology in psychiatry: embracing the reality of poly‐gene‐environmental causation of mental illness

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5428165/

  The large heritability estimates promised an easy identification of the molecular genetic variants responsible for the causation of mental illness. […] A picture is emerging of a complex etiological mechanism, where genetic influence is thinly distributed across thousands of genetic variants of small effects that are contingent on environment and not specific to any single form of psychopathology. […] The same twin studies which confirmed that mental illness is heritable have also demonstrated that environment matters. […] A realistic assessment suggests that environmental and genetic factors contribute equally to the causation of mental illness. […] A synthesis of current knowledge on environmental causation of mental illness suggests a complex picture with a multitude of social, physical and chemical exposures occurring at different stages of life, affecting the risk for a range of mental disorders.

• #6 Etiology in psychiatry: embracing the reality of poly‐gene‐environmental causation of mental illness

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5428165/

  One explanation of the shared environment paradox is that the impact of the family-wide environment depends on factors that are shared more between monozygotic than between dizygotic twins, i.e. genetic polymorphisms. […] The examination of gene-environment interplay is still in its infancy, and research available to date leaves many unanswered questions. […] The specificity of polygenic GxE to the type and timing of environmental exposures, the specificity or pleiotropy of GxE across types of mental disorders, and the role of rare structural variants in sensitivity to environment remain largely unexplored. […] The review of genetic and environmental factors above has concluded that most factors are associated with most types of mental illness. […] The apparent overlaps in causation has been generally ascribed either to pleiotropy, i.e. the same factors having the potential to cause multiple types of illness, or to the lack of validity of the diagnostic criteria for specific disorders.

• #6 Etiology in psychiatry: embracing the reality of poly‐gene‐environmental causation of mental illness

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5428165/

  Multifactorial gene-environment interactions are likely to be a generic mechanism involved in the majority of cases of mental illness, which is only partially tapped by existing gene-environment studies. […] The causal mechanisms underlying mental illness may hide keys to effective prevention and treatment, but remain poorly understood. […] The last two decades have seen an expansion of knowledge punctuated by surprises that challenge previously held assumptions about mental illness. […] We first review the genetic and environmental factors implicated in the etiology of mental illness, before adopting an integrative perspective that jointly considers genetic and environmental elements of causation. […] This pattern of transmission strongly suggests genetic causation. […] This difference suggests that the causation of mental illness is to a large degree attributable to genetic factors.

• #6 Etiology in psychiatry: embracing the reality of poly‐gene‐environmental causation of mental illness

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5428165/

  It is becoming increasingly unlikely that any given environmental factor could be a necessary and sufficient cause of any mental disorder. […] Instead of searching for single disorder-specific environmental causes, researchers who want to explain or predict mental illness may need to jointly study a multitude of environmental influences across the life course. […] No genetic variant and no environmental exposure on its own is a sufficient cause of mental illness. […] The most likely scenario by far is that both genetic and environmental factors jointly contribute to the causation of mental illness. […] A causal mechanism where one or more genetic factors and one or more environmental factors are required to produce an outcome is gene-environment interaction (GxE). […] A ubiquitous role of GxE in the causation of mental illness is suggested by a contradiction between the results of epidemiological studies and twin studies that we call the shared environment paradox.

• #6 Etiology in psychiatry: embracing the reality of poly‐gene‐environmental causation of mental illness

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5428165/

  Intriguing findings on genetic and environmental causation suggest a need to reframe the etiology of mental disorders. […] Molecular genetics shows that thousands of common and rare genetic variants contribute to mental illness. […] Epidemiological studies have identified dozens of environmental exposures that are associated with psychopathology. […] The effect of environment is likely conditional on genetic factors, resulting in gene-environment interactions. […] Most known genetic and environmental factors are shared across multiple mental disorders. […] Synthesis of findings from twin studies, molecular genetics and epidemiological research suggests that joint consideration of multiple genetic and environmental factors has much greater explanatory power than separate studies of genetic or environmental causation.

• #7 Mental illness – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental-illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968

  Mental illnesses, in general, are thought to be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors: […] Inherited traits. Mental illness is more common in people whose blood relatives also have a mental illness. Certain genes may increase your risk of developing a mental illness, and your life situation may trigger it. […] Environmental exposures before birth. Exposure to environmental stressors, inflammatory conditions, toxins, alcohol or drugs while in the womb can sometimes be linked to mental illness. […] Brain chemistry. Neurotransmitters are naturally occurring brain chemicals that carry signals to other parts of your brain and body. When the neural networks involving these chemicals are impaired, the function of nerve receptors and nerve systems change, leading to depression and other emotional disorders.

• #8 Mental disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder

  The causes of mental disorders are often unclear. Theories incorporate findings from a range of fields. Disorders may be associated with particular regions or functions of the brain. […] The predominant view as of 2018 is that genetic, psychological, and environmental factors all contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders. […] A number of psychiatric disorders are linked to a family history (including depression, narcissistic personality disorder and anxiety). Twin studies have also revealed a very high heritability for many mental disorders (especially autism and schizophrenia). […] Mental disorders can arise from multiple sources, and in many cases there is no single accepted or consistent cause currently established. An eclectic or pluralistic mix of models may be used to explain particular disorders.

• #9 Schizophrenia – Mental Health Disorders – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/schizophrenia-and-related-disorders/schizophrenia

  People who have a parent or sibling with schizophrenia have about a 10% risk of developing the disorder, compared with a 1% risk among the general population. An identical twin whose co-twin has schizophrenia has about a 50% risk of developing schizophrenia. These statistics suggest that heredity is involved.

• #10 Causes of Mental Illness | Mental Health Therapy New Jersey

  https://positivereseteatontown.com/causes-of-mental-illness/

  An estimated 30 to 40% of depressive illnesses are inherited. The likelihood of depression later in life is considerably increased by early life stresses such as sexual or physical abuse as a child, parental carelessness, and parent death, even though many environmental factors have been identified as depression risk factors. […] Due to the fact that mental illnesses can develop in families, people who have a family member or relative who has one or more are likely to get one themselves. Families can pass on their sensitivity thanks to genes. […] According to specialists, rather than just one or a few genes, many mental disorders are brought on by defects in many different genes. The way these genes and environments interact with one another varies from person to person. […] Several genes must interact with additional variables for a person with an inherited exposure to it to conceive a mental disease. These disorders include stress, abuse, or a traumatic experience.

• #11 Eight Psychiatric Disorders Share the Same Genetic Causes, Study Says | Department of Genetics

  https://www.med.unc.edu/genetics/eight-psychiatric-disorders-share-the-same-genetic-causes-study-says/

  Building off previous groundbreaking research, a new study identifies specific genetic variants that have significant impacts on brain development and are shared across eight different psychiatric disorders. […] Life experiences, environment, and genetics can all influence psychiatric disorders, but much of it comes down to variations in our genetics. Over the past few years, scientists in the field of psychiatric genetics have found that there are common genetic threads that may be linking and causing coexisting psychiatric disorders. […] Specific genetic variants can impact biological processes, like protein overproduction or altered synapse formation, affecting brain development and contributing to psychiatric disorder. […] The analysis previously revealed 136 hot spots on the genome that have a causal effect on one or more of the eight psychiatric disorders. Of those, 109 of these locations were identical across more than one disorder.

• #11 Eight Psychiatric Disorders Share the Same Genetic Causes, Study Says | Department of Genetics

  https://www.med.unc.edu/genetics/eight-psychiatric-disorders-share-the-same-genetic-causes-study-says/

  Pleiotropic variants were found to be more active and more sensitive to change compared to disorder-specific variants. Researchers noted that pleiotropic variants were active for much longer during brain development, compared to disease-specific ones. This extended activity suggests that pleiotropic variants may be influencing multiple stages of neurodevelopment and potentially contributing to various observable traits and disorders. […] These findings mark an important step toward understanding how genetics contributes to shared symptoms across psychiatric disorders. Targeting these variants, their associated genes, and pathways could pave the way for treatments that address multiple conditions at once.

• #12 Mental health: Definition, common disorders, early signs, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154543

  According to the World Health Organization (WHO): […] Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community. […] The WHO states that mental health is more than the absence of mental disorders. Peak mental health is about managing active conditions and maintaining wellness and happiness. […] Social and financial circumstances, adverse childhood experiences, biological factors, and underlying medical conditions can all shape a persons mental well-being. […] It is important to note that mental well-being depends on a balance of factors, and several elements may contribute to the development of a mental health disorder. […] The NIMH suggests that a persons family history can increase the likelihood of mental health conditions, as specific genes and gene variants put a person at higher risk. However, having a gene associated with a mental health disorder does not guarantee that a condition will develop.

• #12 Mental health: Definition, common disorders, early signs, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154543

  Chronic stress and mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety may develop due to underlying physical health problems, such as cancer, diabetes, and chronic pain. […] Several studies report that childhood traumas such as child abuse, parental loss, parental separation, and parental illness significantly affect a growing childs mental and physical health. […] There are associations between childhood abuse and other adverse events and mental health disorders. These experiences also make people vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). […] Having a mental health condition, especially depression, is associated with severe chronic health conditions such as diabetes, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimers disease. […] Factors such as stress, depression, and anxiety can negatively affect a persons mental health and disrupt their routine. […] A healthcare professional may help someone with a mental health condition to manage their well-being through a program of therapy or medications.

• #13 Mental Illness in Children: Signs, Types & Causes

  https://www.medicinenet.com/mental_illness_in_children/article.htm

  ADHD, anxiety, and depression are the most common mental illnesses in children. […] As in any age group, there tends to be no single cause for mental illness in children. […] People with these illnesses tend to have a number of biological, psychological, and environmental risk factors that contribute to their development. Biologically, mental illnesses tend to be associated with abnormal levels of neurotransmitters, like serotonin or dopamine in the brain, a decrease in the size of some areas of the brain, as well as increased activity in other areas of the brain. […] There is thought to be at least a partially genetic contribution to the fact that children and adolescents with a mentally ill parent are up to 4 times more likely to develop such an illness themselves. […] Psychological risk factors for mental illness in children include low self-esteem, poor body image, a tendency to be highly self-critical, and feeling helpless when dealing with negative events.

• #14 Causes – Psychosis – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/causes/

  It’s also possible to experience psychosis after drinking large amounts of alcohol or if you’re high on drugs. […] In rare situations, psychosis can also occur as a side effect of some types of medicine or as a result of an overdose of that medicine. […] There’s been a great deal of research into how psychosis affects the brain and how changes in the brain can trigger symptoms of psychosis. […] Its thought psychosis may be linked to increased activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. […] Evidence for the role of dopamine in psychosis comes from the fact medicines known to reduce the effects of dopamine in the brain also reduce the symptoms of psychosis.

• #14 Causes – Psychosis – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/causes/

  Psychosis can be caused by a mental (psychological) condition, a general medical condition, or alcohol or drug misuse. […] The following conditions have been known to trigger psychotic episodes in some people: schizophrenia a mental health condition that causes hallucinations and delusions, bipolar disorder a person with bipolar disorder can have episodes of low mood (depression) and highs or elated mood (mania), severe stress or anxiety, severe depression feelings of persistent sadness, including postnatal depression, which some women experience after having a baby, lack of sleep. […] The underlying psychological cause often influences the type of psychotic episode someone experiences. […] Alcohol misuse and drug misuse can trigger a psychotic episode. […] A person can also experience a psychotic episode if they suddenly stop drinking alcohol or taking drugs after using them for a long time. This is known as withdrawal.

• #15 Causes – Schizophrenia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/schizophrenia/causes/

  The exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown. Research suggests a combination of physical, genetic, psychological and environmental factors can make a person more likely to develop the condition. […] Some people may be prone to schizophrenia, and a stressful or emotional life event might trigger a psychotic episode. However, it’s not known why some people develop symptoms while others do not. […] While this is higher than in the general population, where the chance is about 1 in 100, it suggests genes are not the only factor influencing the development of schizophrenia. […] These changes are not seen in everyone with schizophrenia and can occur in people who do not have a mental illness. But they suggest schizophrenia may partly be a disorder of the brain. […] This suggests neurotransmitters play a role in the development of schizophrenia.

• #15 Causes – Schizophrenia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/schizophrenia/causes/

  It may be that these things have a subtle effect on brain development. […] These kinds of experiences, although stressful, do not cause schizophrenia. However, they can trigger its development in someone already vulnerable to it. […] Studies have shown using drugs, particularly cannabis, cocaine, LSD or amphetamines, can increase the risk of developing schizophrenia, psychosis or a similar illness. […] Research has shown that teenagers and young adults who use cannabis regularly are more likely to develop schizophrenia in later adulthood. The risk may be higher when using stronger forms of cannabis.

• #16 Causes of Mental Illness | Overview & Examples – Video | Study.com

  https://study.com/academy/lesson/video/physiological-causes-explanations-for-mental-illness.html

  Malnutrition during pregnancy or early childhood is associated with a lack of omega-3 and vitamin B for those women who do not eat enough healthy foods. Malnutrition can cause mental illnesses like anxiety and depression. For some people, the strength of evidence of malnutrition affecting a child’s mental health varies. […] Metal poisoning is another physiological factor that causes brain abnormalities. For example, mercury poisoning is linked to mood swings, extreme shyness, and anxiety. Metal exposure from industrial or agricultural sources may also affect brain health. Some children ingest lead-based products that may cause harm to their psychological well-being. […] The focus on parental influence being the main cause of children’s mental illness has been around for a long time. The parents’ attitude or approach is a big factor for their child’s health. […] It is also a big help to further research physiological psychology, as it can help identify physical problems that can cause mental illness.

• #16 Causes of Mental Illness | Overview & Examples – Video | Study.com

  https://study.com/academy/lesson/video/physiological-causes-explanations-for-mental-illness.html

  What causes mental disorders? Mental disorders can be caused by underlying factors. Psychologists were not positive as to what causes mental disorders. However, they believed in factors concerning the environment of the individual that impact the behavior. […] Physiological psychology is an important discipline that studies the physical basis of mental health. Its central point is to study brain abnormalities that are associated with mental illness and investigate causes of neurological anomalies. This discipline connects brain differences to disorders like anxiety or schizophrenia. […] There are many causes of brain abnormalities, such as infection, malnutrition, metal poisoning, and many more. These may affect a person instantly or in the long run. […] Infection may give potential cause to brain abnormalities to an individual, such as prenatal and postnatal infections that are linked to schizophrenia. Children who have had a strep infection develop obsessive-compulsive or similar behaviors. Schizophrenia is not proven to be caused by infection, but it is a risk factor for the disease.

• #17 What Causes Mental Illness? – Mental Health Hotline

  https://mentalhealthhotline.org/what-causes-mental-illness/

  A person can develop mental illnesses due to an injury or defect in certain areas of the brain. […] Various infections can lead to brain damage and cause mental illnesses or worsen their symptoms. […] Long-term substance use disorder can cause mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety and paranoia. […] Other biological factors that can cause mental illnesses include exposure to toxins like lead. Poor nutrition and disruption of early fetal brain development or damage at birth may lead to mental health issues. […] Life experiences can lead to mental illness. Some common factors include neglect, childhood trauma, sexual abuse, poor ability to relate to others, loss of a parent, physical abuse, negative thoughts, and unhealthy habits.

• #18 What causes mental illness?

  https://screening.mhanational.org/content/what-causes-mental-illness/

  Most mental illnesses don’t have a single cause. Instead they have a variety of causes, called risk factors. The more risk factors you have, the more likely you are to develop a mental health condition. […] There are many risk factors and triggers, but here are a few examples: Genetics. Mental illness often runs in the family. […] Environment. Living in a stressful environment can strain your mental health. Things like living in poverty or having an abusive family put a lot of stress on your brain and often trigger mental health concerns. […] Stressful events: like losing a loved one, or being in a car accident. […] Childhood trauma. Even if you’re no longer in a stressful environment, things that happened to you as a child can have an impact later in life. Complex PTSD is one particularly common mental health condition among people who grew up in abusive or neglectful environments.

• #18 What causes mental illness?

  https://screening.mhanational.org/content/what-causes-mental-illness/

  Negative thoughts. Constantly putting yourself down or expecting the worst can get you stuck in a cycle of depression or anxiety. […] Unhealthy habits: like not getting enough sleep, or not eating. […] Drugs and alcohol: Abusing drugs and alcohol can be bad for your mental health. It can also make it harder to recover from mental illness. […] Brain chemistry. Mental illness often involves an imbalance of natural chemicals in your brain and your body. […] These risk factors don’t just affect who will develop a mental illness in the first place. They also affect how severe their symptoms will be, and when they will experience those symptoms.

• #19 8 Leading Causes of Mental Health Issues – Hope Trust

  https://hopetrustindia.com/blog/8-leading-causes-of-mental-health-issues/

  Mental health issues are usually a result of a combination of factors, not just one. While there may be many contributing factors, there is usually no single cause. […] Genetic predisposition is the most frequent reason for mental illness in young and older people. A close relative with mental illness such as parents, siblings, or even blood relatives increases your chance of acquiring the same condition. […] A stressful environment frequently causes mental health issues in children, adults, and older individuals, difficult life situations, and other adversities. […] A recent study indicates that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as physical, social, emotional, and behavioural issues that develop in adulthood, are strongly associated with domestic violence, neglect, bullying, and household dysfunction.

• #19 8 Leading Causes of Mental Health Issues – Hope Trust

  https://hopetrustindia.com/blog/8-leading-causes-of-mental-health-issues/

  Past traumatic events can still significantly affect your mental health, even if you are no longer experiencing stressful circumstances. […] Losing a loved one is one of the most devastating and difficult life experiences. […] Discrimination, whether overt or covert, affects individuals like the LGBTQ+ community, minority groups, people with disabilities, and people of colour and can negatively impact mental health. […] Researchers have identified that brain chemicals play a crucial role in mental health issues. An imbalance in brain chemicals often causes mental illness. […] Persons with depression frequently suffer from alcohol and addiction. Psychiatric and addictive conditions are often present simultaneously.

• #20 Mental illness – types, causes and diagnosis of mental health issues | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/mental-illness

  Drug and alcohol abuse illicit drug use can trigger a manic episode (bipolar disorder) or an episode of psychosis. Drugs such as cocaine, marijuana and amphetamines can cause paranoia. […] Other biological factors some medical conditions or hormonal changes can cause mental health problems. […] Early life environment negative childhood experiences can increase the risk of some mental illnesses. Examples of negative childhood experiences are abuse or neglect. […] Trauma and stress in adulthood, traumatic life events or ongoing stress can increase the risk of mental illness. Issues such as social isolation, domestic violence, relationship breakdown, financial or work problems can impact on mental health. Traumatic experiences such as living in a war zone can increase the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). […] Personality factors some traits such as perfectionism or low self-esteem can increase the risk of depression or anxiety.

• #21 About mental illness – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/about-mental-illness.html

  Mental illness is experienced by 1 in 3 Canadians during their lifetime. […] Many factors cause mental illness. Contributing factors include: genetics, which are influenced by your family history; early life experiences, such as abuse and trauma; stressful life events, such as financial problems, a loved one’s death, and divorce; environmental influences on a fetus, such as exposure to drugs or alcohol; and your social, economic and educational status. […] Mental illness involves changes in thinking, mood or behaviour, or a combination of these issues. Symptoms include significant distress and inability to function as needed over an extended period of time. […] Although suicide is not itself considered a mental illness, it is often the result of some underlying mental illness. It is a significant cause of premature death in Canada.

• #22 Psychiatry.org – What is Mental Illness?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-mental-illness

  Mental health conditions are treatable and improvement is possible. Many people with mental health conditions return to full functioning. Some mental illness is preventable. […] Stigma around mental illness and treatment prevents many people from seeking needed treatment. […] The diagnosis of a mental disorder is not the same as a need for treatment. Need for treatment takes into consideration how severe the symptoms are, how much symptoms cause distress and affect daily living, the risks and benefits of available treatments and other factors (for example, psychiatric symptoms complicating other illnesses). […] Mental health treatment is based upon an individualized plan developed collaboratively with a mental health clinician and an individual (and family members if the individual desires). It may include psychotherapy (talk therapy), medication or other treatments. Often a combination of therapy and medication is most effective.

• #23 What Causes Mental Health Problems? | Mental Health Center

  https://www.mentalhealthctr.com/what-causes-mental-health-problems/

  Trauma is anything that causes a person physical or emotional harm or puts their life in danger. Two people can experience the same trauma, and one may develop a mental health problem while the other is more resilient and avoids a problem. […] Environment refers to anywhere a person spends a lot of time, like home, work, and school. Each environment has characteristics that influence mental illness. A disorganized, cluttered house is a risk factor for mental illness. […] The relationships a person has with family, friends, and acquaintances can have a positive or negative impact on mental health. Any relationship with abuse can lead to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. […] For some, having a substance use disorder leads to a mental health disorder. Others misuse substances to cope with mental health symptoms. […] When a person has chronic pain or other physical symptoms that interfere with how they function, it can affect their mental health.

• #24 What Causes Mental Illness? | Neuro Wellness Spa

  https://neurowellnessspa.com/what-causes-mental-illness/

  Mental illness is caused by many factors, such as biological, environmental, social, and others; let’s examine the causes and risk factors in more detail. […] Environmental influences, including experiences during childhood, such as abuse or neglect, play a significant role in shaping mental health. […] Mental illnesses can stem from various factors, including imbalances in neurotransmitters, abnormal brain structure, and disruptions in brain circuitry. […] Most mental illnesses often arise from a blend of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. […] Inheritable traits and genetic variations are important factors in determining susceptibility to mental illnesses, but environmental factors also play a significant role. […] Psychological factors significantly influence mental health. […] Sociocultural factors play a significant role in mental health. […] Substance abuse, like excessive alcohol consumption or illicit drug use, is closely linked to the development of mental illness.

• #25 What Causes Mental Illness? | Clear Behavioral Health

  https://clearbehavioralhealth.com/what-causes-mental-illness/

  Mental illness is caused by multiple risk factors, including biological, environmental, and psychological influences. […] Understanding the various underlying causes of mental illness helps to create effective and long-term treatment plans. […] Mental illness is usually developed through what is called “biopsychosocial” factors—or a combination of biological, psychological and environmental causes. […] Common mental disorders like depression, anxiety, ADHD, bipolar disorder, and more are often a result of genetic variation, psychological factors, childhood trauma, and ongoing societal or cultural pressures. […] You may develop mental illness from biological influences, such as genetics and family history. […] Psychological factors include personality traits and coping mechanisms, cognitive patterns and beliefs, emotional regulation abilities, and self-esteem and self-perception issues.

• #25 What Causes Mental Illness? | Clear Behavioral Health

  https://clearbehavioralhealth.com/what-causes-mental-illness/

  Environmental factors contribute greatly to the development of mental illness. […] It is well researched that trauma and abuse, as well as neglect and attachment issues, have a severe impact on an individual’s mental health into adulthood and throughout their lives. […] Mental illness is multifaceted and is caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social/environmental factors; thus, the most effective treatment plans are multifaceted and focus on uncovering underlying mental health issues.

• #26 Mental Illness – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://mpmacolorado.com/2024/07/22/mental-illness-symptoms-causes-and-treatment/

  Psychological disorders that influence moods, thoughts, and behaviours fall under mental illness. The causes are multifactorial, including genetic factors, biological factors, environmental factors, and psychological factors. […] Causality surrounding mental illnesses is a combination of factors, including biological ones like genetics, environmental influences, and psychological reasons. For example, a family history of mental illness, imbalances in brain chemicals, negative life experiences, and long-term stress may all lead to the emergence of these conditions. […] Some components, such as genetic, psychological, and biological components, influence the causes of mental illness. […] Psychological components: If the thinking patterns and behaviours include negative thinking, low self-confidence, and other self-sabotaging thoughts, then these factors influence the mental illness.

• #27 Mental disorder – Behavioral Etiology | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/mental-disorder/Behavioral-etiology

  Behavioral theories for the causation of mental disorders, especially neurotic symptoms, are based upon learning theory, which was in turn largely derived from the study of the behavior of animals in laboratory settings. […] Behavioral theories for the causation of mental disorders rest largely upon the assumption that the symptoms or symptomatic behavior found in persons with various neuroses (particularly phobias and other anxiety disorders) can be regarded as learned behaviors that have been built up into conditioned responses. […] This category includes both those psychological or behavioral abnormalities that arise from structural disease of the brain and also those that arise from brain dysfunction caused by disease outside the brain. […] However, the importance of the distinction (between organic and functional) has become less clear as research has demonstrated that brain abnormalities are associated with many psychiatric illnesses.

• #27 Mental disorder – Behavioral Etiology | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/mental-disorder/Behavioral-etiology

  Delirium occurs secondarily to many other physical conditions such as drug intoxication or withdrawal, metabolic disorders (for example, liver failure or low blood sugar), infections such as pneumonia or meningitis, head injuries, brain tumors, epilepsy, or nutritional or vitamin deficiency. […] A variety of psychiatric conditions can result from the use of alcohol or other drugs.

• #28 Causes of Mental Illness – Sedona Sky Academy

  https://www.sedonasky.org/blog/causes-of-mental-illness

  When examining the complex causes of mental illness, it is important to consider the role of environmental factors. […] Childhood trauma and adverse experiences, such as abuse, neglect, or witnessing violence, can have long-lasting effects on a person’s mental health. […] Stress is a common part of life, and everyone experiences it to some extent. However, chronic or excessive stress can have a detrimental impact on mental health. […] When examining the complex causes of mental illness, social factors play a significant role in the development and exacerbation of mental health conditions. […] Understanding the social factors that contribute to mental illness is crucial for developing effective interventions and support systems. […] In addition to biological and environmental factors, psychological factors play a significant role in the development of mental illness.

• #29 Causes of Mental Illness and How Can It Be Prevented?

  https://greaterbostonbehavioralhealth.com/rehab-blog/causes-and-prevention-of-mental-illness/

  Mental illnesses can also be linked to psychological factors such as negative thinking patterns or an inability to cope with stress. People who struggle with low self-esteem or who tend to blame themselves for their problems may be more prone to mental health disorders. […] Social isolation, discrimination, and cultural stigma around mental health can prevent people from seeking the help they need. When individuals feel like they are not accepted or valued by their community, they may experience feelings of loneliness and worthlessness. […] Mental illness can be caused by a complex mix of biological, psychological, environmental, and social factors. While it may not always be preventable, there are steps that individuals can take to reduce their risk. […] Mental illness typically stems from a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. These can include family history, brain chemistry, childhood trauma, chronic stress, and social isolation.

• #30

  https://www.middlesexcounseling.com/blog/what-causes-mental-health-disorders

  So, its no surprise that people with chronic physical illnesses are at a higher risk for mental ailments, too. […] Illicit drugs, alcohol, and prescription drugs all have strong chemicals that affect your feelings and thoughts. […] If your neural circuitry is modified like this, it can lead to mental illness. […] If you live a rather secluded life with few positive relationships or contact with other individuals, it will affect your mental health. […] When those chemicals become off-kilter for any reason, we may endure unpleasant repercussions. […] If theres no evident reason behind your mental disorder, it might be that the neural chemicals controlling your feelings are unbalanced. […] Understanding likely causes of mental illness might also aid you in making needed lifestyle changes to help you avoid future disorders.

• #31 Mental health

  https://www.healthdata.org/research-analysis/health-risks-issues/mental-health

  Mental disorders are among the top 10 leading causes of health loss worldwide, with anxiety and depressive disorders ranked as the most common across all age groups and locations. […] 18% more people experienced depressive disorders and 15% more people experienced anxiety disorders as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 compared to 2019. […] There are many known risk factors for mental disorders, such as childhood maltreatment, bullying victimization, conflict, and interpersonal violence. Addressing the causes of mental disorders and taking steps to mitigate them is a proactive approach to reducing the burden on the population. […] Considerable research has been done to demonstrate the success and cost-effectiveness of a range of pharmacological and psychosocial treatments for mental disorders.

• #32 Causes of Mental Illness

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness

  Many chronic medical problems, such as diabetes and epilepsy, raise your risk for mental health issues. […] Poor nutrition and exposure to toxins, such as lead, may make you more likely to get a mental illness. […] Many psychological factors may lead to mental illness. […] Certain stressors can trigger mental illness. […] Research continues to show a link between social and economic inequality and poor mental health. […] Mental illnesses can have multiple causes, including genetic, biological, psychological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Life experiences also play a big role. […] Yes. Lack of sleep can lead to mental illnesses, including depression and anxiety. […] Yes. If you have a very stressful life event or situation, it can trigger mental illness or make existing mental illness worse. Triggers are different for different people, depending on your experiences and past trauma. What triggers one person might not affect someone else. Triggers are more likely to start or worsen mental illness if you’re predisposed to it. That’s because mental illness often stems from a combination of genetic, environmental, and other factors.

• #33 What Are the Causes of Mental Illness? | Footprints to Recovery

  https://footprintstorecovery.com/dual-diagnosis-treatment/underlying-causes-of-mental-illness/

  Mental illness can be the direct result of any sort of brain damage or brain injury, whether this happened during the birthing process or as a result of some sort of physical injury. […] Trauma can be a major cause of mental illness. For instance, experiencing a traumatic, life-threatening event can rewire the brain, often resulting in PTSD. […] Substance abuse and mental health disorders tend to go hand-in-hand. […] The relationship between mental illness and what causes it can be very complex. It can be very difficult to precisely determine the exact underlying factors that cause any form of mental illness.

• #34 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/Psychiatry/comments/1c1bq4f/medical_causes_for_psychiatric_illness/

  I’m a forensic trainee in the UK and was listening to the fantastic psychiatry and psychotherapy podcast including the recent Q+A with Dr Richard Cummings. He discussed medical causes for psychiatric presentations. […] A SPECT scan was done which found a hot focus deep in frontal lobe. Valproic acid cured his psychosis. […] The takehome message was that in this case, suspicions arose when antipsychotics actually worsened his psychosis (reducing seizure threshold). […] Wilsons disease – genetic disorder of copper metabolism affecting 1 in 30,000. Copper builds up in liver, eyes and brain (commonly basal ganglia) and can present with psychosis. […] NMDA encephalitis – autoimmune inflammatory condition that frequently presents with psychosis. Caused by auto antibodies targeting NMDA receptors. […] Phaeochromocytoma – catecholamine producing neuroendocrine tumour. Can present as depression or anxiety.

• #35 Psychiatry.org – Warning Signs of Mental Illness

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/warning-signs-of-mental-illness

  50% of mental illness begins by age 14 and 3/4 begins by age 24. […] Major mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder rarely appear out of the blue. Most often family, friends, teachers or individuals themselves begin to recognize small changes or a feeling that something is not quite right about their thinking, feelings or behavior before a illness appears in its full-blown form. […] Learning about developing symptoms, or early warning signs, and taking action can help to ensure prompt treatment. Early intervention CAN help reduce the severity of an illness and interruptions in quality of life and functions. It may even be possible to delay or prevent a major mental illness altogether. […] More than a decade of research around the world has shown that early intervention can often minimize or delay symptoms, prevent hospitalization and improve prognosis. Even if a person does not yet show clear signs of a diagnosable mental illness, these red flag early warning symptoms can be frightening and disruptive.

• #35 Psychiatry.org – Warning Signs of Mental Illness

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/warning-signs-of-mental-illness

  Just as with other medical illnesses, early intervention can make a crucial difference in preventing what could become a serious illness. […] Each individual’s situation must be assessed carefully and treatment should be individualized. Comprehensive treatment to prevent early symptoms from progressing into serious illness can include ongoing individual and family counseling, vocational and educational support, participation in a multi-family problem-solving group, and medication when appropriate. […] Learning about mental illness and what is happening in the brain can help individuals and families understand the significance of symptoms, how an illness might develop and what can be done to help.

• #36 Psychological Disorders: Types, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/psychological-disorders

  Mood disorders are primarily treated through talk therapy. They can also be treated with medications such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers. […] Although there’s no cure for schizophrenia, it can be treated. Antipsychotic medication is the most common treatment for schizophrenia. It can help manage hallucinations and delusions. […] PTSD is often treated through talk therapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy or exposure therapy. In some cases, group therapy can be helpful. […] Personality disorders are usually treated with talk therapy and, when necessary, medication. Certain medications can help improve the symptoms of personality disorders, such as low mood, anxiety, or impulsivity. […] Substance use disorders involve the compulsive use of substances. These substances may be legal or illegal. The APA categorizes substance use disorder as a brain disease. […] Treatment for substance use disorder can be provided in outpatient facilities or inpatient residential recovery programs (such as a rehabilitation program).

• #37 Understanding the causes and mechanisms of mental illness — Department of Psychiatry

  https://www.psych.ox.ac.uk/research/TranslatRes

  Understanding the causes and mechanisms of mental illness, using experimental medicine approaches […] Our research aims to understand how psychotropic drugs work at molecular level. By exploring this through clinical research in patients we contribute to the development of new evidence-based pharmacological treatments for severe mental illness. […] We examine the effect of genes and life history on ageing using neuropsychology and neuro-imaging techniques as part of large scale epidemiological and experimental medicine studies. […] By understanding disease mechanisms we seek potential therapeutics; through discovery of biomarkers we hope to enable preventative trials, and with informatics we utilise large biological and clinical datasets in the support of translational neuroscience.

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