Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Motion sickness – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/motion-sickness/print

  Motion sickness is a syndrome that occurs in response to real or perceived motion, which can include gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and autonomic symptoms. […] Motion sickness is considered a physiologic form of dizziness, since it is not indicative of a disease process and can be induced in nearly all normal human subjects. […] This topic discusses the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of motion sickness. […] Disclaimer: This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information.

• #2 Motion Sickness | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/25279

  Motion sickness is a common and complex syndrome that occurs in response to the real or perceived motion. […] Motion sickness occurs when there is a mismatch between actual versus expected sensory inputs. […] The sensory conflict and neural mismatch theory is the most widely accepted theory for explaining motion sickness. […] Motion sickness is inducible in almost all people with a functioning vestibular apparatus and a sufficient provocative stimulus. […] Motion sickness tends to occur when the input from the proprioceptive, vestibular and visual are mixed or in conflict. […] Motion sickness is a clinical diagnosis made with a thorough history and physical. […] The symptoms of motion sickness can be diverse, ranging from the most common, nausea and vomiting, too cold sweating, pallor, headache, drowsiness, yawning, loss of appetite and increased salivation.

• #3 Prevention and Treatment of Motion Sickness | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0701/p41.html

  Motion sickness is a common syndrome that occurs upon exposure to certain types of motion. It is thought to be caused by conflict between the vestibular, visual, and other proprioceptive systems. […] Early self-diagnosis should be emphasized, and patients should be counseled about behavioral and pharmacologic strategies to prevent motion sickness before traveling. […] Motion sickness is a syndrome that occurs when a patient is exposed to certain types of motion and usually resolves soon after its cessation. […] Although nausea may be the first recognized symptom of motion sickness, it is almost always preceded by other subtle symptoms such as stomach awareness (i.e., a sensation of fullness in the epigastrium), malaise, drowsiness, and irritability. Failure to attribute early symptoms to motion sickness may lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment.

• #4 Motion sickness – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/motion-sickness

  Motion sickness is a syndrome that occurs in response to real or perceived motion, which can include gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and autonomic symptoms. […] This topic discusses the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of motion sickness. […] Disclaimer: This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information.

• #5 Motion Sickness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539706/

  Motion sickness is a common and complex syndrome that occurs in response to either real or perceived motion. […] This activity examines the differential diagnosis of motion sickness and how to properly evaluate a patient presenting with it. […] Motion sickness is a clinical diagnosis made with a thorough history and physical. Generally, further workup through laboratory or radiographic testing is not necessary if a patient has a typical presentation or a previous history of motion sickness. […] In a patient with an abrupt onset of motion sickness symptoms, workup for migraine headaches may be indicated, as they have shown to be closely associated. […] The failure to diagnose the early and more mild symptoms of motion sickness may delay treatment. […] Motion sickness is typically triggered by low-frequency lateral and vertical motion (example: air, sea, road transportation) or by virtual simulator motion (video games, virtual simulators).

• #6 Motion sickness: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/motion-sickness/

  Motion sickness is a common condition characterized by a feeling of unwellness brought on by certain kinds of movement. The usual symptoms include dizziness, pale skin (pallor), and sweating, followed by nausea and vomiting. Affected individuals may also experience rapid breathing (hyperventilation), headache, restlessness, and drowsiness. These symptoms can be triggered by many kinds of motion, particularly traveling in a car, bus, train, airplane, or boat. Amusement park rides, skiing, and virtual reality environments can also induce motion sickness. […] Motion sickness is very common. About 1 in 3 people are considered highly susceptible to motion sickness. However, almost everyone will become motion sick if exposed to motion that is intense enough. […] The factors that contribute to motion sickness are not well understood, but susceptibility to the condition does seem to be partly genetic. When motion sickness occurs, it likely results from a mismatch in signals about movement coming from different parts of the body.

• #7 Motion Sickness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539706/

  Motion sickness is a common and complex syndrome that occurs in response to either real or perceived motion. […] This activity examines the differential diagnosis of motion sickness and how to properly evaluate a patient presenting with it. […] Motion sickness is a clinical diagnosis made with a thorough history and physical. Generally, further workup through laboratory or radiographic testing is not necessary if a patient has a typical presentation or a previous history of motion sickness. […] In a patient with an abrupt onset of motion sickness symptoms, workup for migraine headaches may be indicated, as they have shown to be closely associated. […] The failure to diagnose the early and more mild symptoms of motion sickness may delay treatment. […] Motion sickness is typically triggered by low-frequency lateral and vertical motion (example: air, sea, road transportation) or by virtual simulator motion (video games, virtual simulators).

• #8 Motion Sickness – Injuries; Poisoning – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/motion-sickness/motion-sickness

  Motion sickness is a symptom complex that usually includes nausea, often accompanied by vague abdominal discomfort, vomiting, dizziness, pallor, diaphoresis, and related symptoms. […] The diagnosis is suspected in patients with compatible symptoms who have been exposed to typical triggers. Diagnosis is clinical and usually straightforward. […] The diagnosis, based on clinical findings, is usually straightforward.

• #9 Motion Sickness – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/motion-sickness.html

  How is motion sickness diagnosed? […] Motion sickness is diagnosed based on your symptoms and when they happened. Your healthcare provider may move your head in different directions. This test may show if an inner ear problem is causing your symptoms. You may be asked to do certain exercises that could make you dizzy.

• #10 Motion sickness Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/motion-sickness

  Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and find out what usually causes the problem. Your doctor does not usually need laboratory tests to make a diagnosis. […] Motion sickness happens when the body, the inner ear, and the eyes send conflicting signals to the brain. This most often happens when you are in a car, boat, or airplane, but it may also happen on flight simulators or amusement park rides. From inside a ship’s cabin, your inner ear may sense rolling motions that your eyes cannot see. On the other hand, your eyes may see movement on a „virtual reality” ride that your body does not feel. Even viewing a 3D movie may cause symptoms of motion sickness.

• #11 Diagnosis and treatment of motion sickness

  https://www.mymed.com/diseases-conditions/motion-sickness/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-motion-sickness

  Motion sickness is usually medically diagnosed in a clinical setting, the diagnosis will be based on the presence of any typical symptoms such as nausea, feeling unwell and suffering from a headache in response to motion that is externally imposed or perceived. […] The doctor will also obtain a full medical history from the patient. Should the patient have a history of the developing motion sickness and present with or report typical symptoms, then no additional evaluation may be required. […] However, should the patient not have experienced any prior episodes of motion sickness and suddenly become prone to the syndrome, develop symptoms when not in motion or develop additional symptoms such as hearing loss, blurred vision and difficulty speaking or walking, then additional diagnostic tests (including blood, urine and imaging tests like X-rays, a CT scan or MRI) and a neurological examination may be recommended.

• #12 Motion sickness (travel sickness): Causes, remedies, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/176198

  Most cases of motion sickness are mild and self-treatable. […] Very severe cases, and those that become progressively worse, deserve the attention and care of a physician with special skill in diseases of the ear, balance (equilibrium), and nervous system. […] To help diagnose motion sickness, a doctor will ask about symptoms and find out what usually causes the problem (such as riding in a boat, flying in a plane, or driving in a car). Laboratory tests are generally not necessary to diagnose motion sickness.

• #13 Diagnosis and treatment of motion sickness

  https://www.mymed.com/diseases-conditions/motion-sickness/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-motion-sickness

  Motion sickness is usually medically diagnosed in a clinical setting, the diagnosis will be based on the presence of any typical symptoms such as nausea, feeling unwell and suffering from a headache in response to motion that is externally imposed or perceived. […] The doctor will also obtain a full medical history from the patient. Should the patient have a history of the developing motion sickness and present with or report typical symptoms, then no additional evaluation may be required. […] However, should the patient not have experienced any prior episodes of motion sickness and suddenly become prone to the syndrome, develop symptoms when not in motion or develop additional symptoms such as hearing loss, blurred vision and difficulty speaking or walking, then additional diagnostic tests (including blood, urine and imaging tests like X-rays, a CT scan or MRI) and a neurological examination may be recommended.

• #14 Prevention and Treatment of Motion Sickness | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0701/p41.html

  Motion sickness is a common syndrome that occurs upon exposure to certain types of motion. It is thought to be caused by conflict between the vestibular, visual, and other proprioceptive systems. […] Early self-diagnosis should be emphasized, and patients should be counseled about behavioral and pharmacologic strategies to prevent motion sickness before traveling. […] Motion sickness is a syndrome that occurs when a patient is exposed to certain types of motion and usually resolves soon after its cessation. […] Although nausea may be the first recognized symptom of motion sickness, it is almost always preceded by other subtle symptoms such as stomach awareness (i.e., a sensation of fullness in the epigastrium), malaise, drowsiness, and irritability. Failure to attribute early symptoms to motion sickness may lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment.

• #15 Motion Sickness: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12782-motion-sickness

  Motion sickness is a condition that happens when your eyes, inner ear and body send conflicting messages to your brain. […] There arent specific tests to diagnose motion sickness. A healthcare provider may do a physical examination and check your ears. Theyll ask about your symptoms and when they started.

• #16 Motion Sickness – 811.novascotia.ca

  https://811.novascotia.ca/health_topics/motion-sickness/

  You may notice a pattern of sickness when you travel. […] Contact your healthcare provider if you experience motion sickness repeatedly. […] Your healthcare provider may do a physical exam. […] They may look inside your ears and at your eyes. […] Your healthcare provider may ask you questions about your health history before recommending treatment.

• #17 Motion Sickness – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/motion-sickness.html

  How is motion sickness diagnosed? […] Motion sickness is diagnosed based on your symptoms and when they happened. Your healthcare provider may move your head in different directions. This test may show if an inner ear problem is causing your symptoms. You may be asked to do certain exercises that could make you dizzy.

• #18 Motion sickness – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/1034

  Motion sickness is a common condition provoked by physical motion or visual motion. […] Motion sickness refers to when the sickness-inducing stimulus is the physical motion of the person, while the term visually induced motion sickness is used when visual motion is the primary provoking factor. These are separate diagnoses. […] The rate at which motion sickness develops varies with the intensity of motion. Nausea leading to vomiting may develop within a few minutes if the provocative motion stimulus is intense, whereas with moderately provocative motion the onset of nausea is delayed, and vomiting may not necessarily occur. […] Key diagnostic factors include motion stimulus for symptoms, epigastric discomfort, nausea, headache, and vomiting. […] Other diagnostic factors include cold sweating, dry mouth, dizziness, yawning and sleepiness, pallor, unsteadiness, and incoordination. […] 1st tests to order include clinical diagnosis.

• #19 Motion sickness – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1034

  Motion sickness refers to when the sickness-inducing stimulus is the physical motion of the person, while the term visually induced motion sickness is used when visual motion is the primary provoking factor. These are separate diagnoses. […] The rate at which motion sickness develops varies with the intensity of motion. Nausea leading to vomiting may develop within a few minutes if the provocative motion stimulus is intense, whereas with moderately provocative motion the onset of nausea is delayed, and vomiting may not necessarily occur. […] Key diagnostic factors include presence of risk factors, motion stimulus for symptoms, epigastric discomfort, nausea, headache, and vomiting. […] Other diagnostic factors include cold sweating, dry mouth, dizziness, yawning and sleepiness, pallor, unsteadiness and incoordination. […] 1st investigations to order include clinical diagnosis.

• #20 Motion sickness – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/1034

  Motion sickness is a common condition provoked by physical motion or visual motion. […] Motion sickness refers to when the sickness-inducing stimulus is the physical motion of the person, while the term visually induced motion sickness is used when visual motion is the primary provoking factor. These are separate diagnoses. […] The rate at which motion sickness develops varies with the intensity of motion. Nausea leading to vomiting may develop within a few minutes if the provocative motion stimulus is intense, whereas with moderately provocative motion the onset of nausea is delayed, and vomiting may not necessarily occur. […] Key diagnostic factors include motion stimulus for symptoms, epigastric discomfort, nausea, headache, and vomiting. […] Other diagnostic factors include cold sweating, dry mouth, dizziness, yawning and sleepiness, pallor, unsteadiness, and incoordination. […] 1st tests to order include clinical diagnosis.

• #21 Motion sickness – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1034

  Motion sickness refers to when the sickness-inducing stimulus is the physical motion of the person, while the term visually induced motion sickness is used when visual motion is the primary provoking factor. These are separate diagnoses. […] The rate at which motion sickness develops varies with the intensity of motion. Nausea leading to vomiting may develop within a few minutes if the provocative motion stimulus is intense, whereas with moderately provocative motion the onset of nausea is delayed, and vomiting may not necessarily occur. […] Key diagnostic factors include presence of risk factors, motion stimulus for symptoms, epigastric discomfort, nausea, headache, and vomiting. […] Other diagnostic factors include cold sweating, dry mouth, dizziness, yawning and sleepiness, pallor, unsteadiness and incoordination. […] 1st investigations to order include clinical diagnosis.

• #22 Motion Sickness Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2060606-workup

  The evaluation of motion sickness rarely requires any laboratory or imaging studies except on the rare occasion when ruling out another condition may be necessary. […] A pregnancy test is likely to be the most useful additional lab study. […] Imaging is rarely indicated except for persistent neurological symptoms lasting for weeks after the cessation of motion. A CT scan of the brain and temporal bones or an MRI brain scan help to exclude central causes. […] Audiography and vestibular testing can be conducted in collaboration with otolaryngology and neurology. […] The bedside performance of canalith-repositioning maneuvers may be appropriate if the differential diagnosis of peripheral vertigo is considered, but it is not an effective treatment for motion sickness.

• #23 Diagnosis and treatment of motion sickness

  https://www.mymed.com/diseases-conditions/motion-sickness/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-motion-sickness

  Motion sickness is usually medically diagnosed in a clinical setting, the diagnosis will be based on the presence of any typical symptoms such as nausea, feeling unwell and suffering from a headache in response to motion that is externally imposed or perceived. […] The doctor will also obtain a full medical history from the patient. Should the patient have a history of the developing motion sickness and present with or report typical symptoms, then no additional evaluation may be required. […] However, should the patient not have experienced any prior episodes of motion sickness and suddenly become prone to the syndrome, develop symptoms when not in motion or develop additional symptoms such as hearing loss, blurred vision and difficulty speaking or walking, then additional diagnostic tests (including blood, urine and imaging tests like X-rays, a CT scan or MRI) and a neurological examination may be recommended.

• #24 Motion Sickness Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2060606-workup

  The evaluation of motion sickness rarely requires any laboratory or imaging studies except on the rare occasion when ruling out another condition may be necessary. […] A pregnancy test is likely to be the most useful additional lab study. […] Imaging is rarely indicated except for persistent neurological symptoms lasting for weeks after the cessation of motion. A CT scan of the brain and temporal bones or an MRI brain scan help to exclude central causes. […] Audiography and vestibular testing can be conducted in collaboration with otolaryngology and neurology. […] The bedside performance of canalith-repositioning maneuvers may be appropriate if the differential diagnosis of peripheral vertigo is considered, but it is not an effective treatment for motion sickness.

• #25 Motion Sickness Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2060606-workup

  The evaluation of motion sickness rarely requires any laboratory or imaging studies except on the rare occasion when ruling out another condition may be necessary. […] A pregnancy test is likely to be the most useful additional lab study. […] Imaging is rarely indicated except for persistent neurological symptoms lasting for weeks after the cessation of motion. A CT scan of the brain and temporal bones or an MRI brain scan help to exclude central causes. […] Audiography and vestibular testing can be conducted in collaboration with otolaryngology and neurology. […] The bedside performance of canalith-repositioning maneuvers may be appropriate if the differential diagnosis of peripheral vertigo is considered, but it is not an effective treatment for motion sickness.

• #26 Motion Sickness Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2060606-workup

  The evaluation of motion sickness rarely requires any laboratory or imaging studies except on the rare occasion when ruling out another condition may be necessary. […] A pregnancy test is likely to be the most useful additional lab study. […] Imaging is rarely indicated except for persistent neurological symptoms lasting for weeks after the cessation of motion. A CT scan of the brain and temporal bones or an MRI brain scan help to exclude central causes. […] Audiography and vestibular testing can be conducted in collaboration with otolaryngology and neurology. […] The bedside performance of canalith-repositioning maneuvers may be appropriate if the differential diagnosis of peripheral vertigo is considered, but it is not an effective treatment for motion sickness.

• #27 Motion sickness – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_sickness

  Motion sickness occurs due to a difference between actual and expected motion. Symptoms commonly include nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, headache, dizziness, tiredness, loss of appetite, and increased salivation. Complications may rarely include dehydration, electrolyte problems, or a lower esophageal tear. The cause of motion sickness is either real or perceived motion. Risk factors include pregnancy, migraines, and Mnire’s disease. The diagnosis is based on symptoms. […] Treatment may include behavioral measures or medications. Behavioral measures include keeping the head still and focusing on the horizon. Three types of medications are useful: antimuscarinics such as scopolamine, H1 antihistamines such as dimenhydrinate, and amphetamines such as dexamphetamine. Side effects, however, may limit the use of medications. A number of medications used for nausea such as ondansetron are not effective for motion sickness. […] The diagnosis is based on symptoms. Other conditions that may present similarly include vestibular disorders such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vestibular migraine and stroke.

• #28 Motion Sickness Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2060606-differential

  In an environment with a motion stimulus the diagnosis comes easily. […] In unusual cases, central causes of vertigo may need to be excluded. […] Patients can have cerebral vascular accidents and head trauma while traveling, and these diagnoses may need to be considered. […] Nausea in pregnancy may be falsely attributed to motion sickness. […] Atypical or vertiginous migraines can present in much the same way as some cases of motion sickness and other peripheral causes of dizziness may also need to be considered. […] Other causes of discomfort should be assessed and should be empirically treated. […] Concurrent sources of discomfort, such as dehydration, sleep deprivation, hunger, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, intoxication, hangover, anxiety, depression, and heat and cold stressors, should be addressed.

• #29 Motion Sickness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539706/

  Motion sickness is a common and complex syndrome that occurs in response to either real or perceived motion. […] This activity examines the differential diagnosis of motion sickness and how to properly evaluate a patient presenting with it. […] Motion sickness is a clinical diagnosis made with a thorough history and physical. Generally, further workup through laboratory or radiographic testing is not necessary if a patient has a typical presentation or a previous history of motion sickness. […] In a patient with an abrupt onset of motion sickness symptoms, workup for migraine headaches may be indicated, as they have shown to be closely associated. […] The failure to diagnose the early and more mild symptoms of motion sickness may delay treatment. […] Motion sickness is typically triggered by low-frequency lateral and vertical motion (example: air, sea, road transportation) or by virtual simulator motion (video games, virtual simulators).

• #30 Motion Sickness Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2060606-differential

  In an environment with a motion stimulus the diagnosis comes easily. […] In unusual cases, central causes of vertigo may need to be excluded. […] Patients can have cerebral vascular accidents and head trauma while traveling, and these diagnoses may need to be considered. […] Nausea in pregnancy may be falsely attributed to motion sickness. […] Atypical or vertiginous migraines can present in much the same way as some cases of motion sickness and other peripheral causes of dizziness may also need to be considered. […] Other causes of discomfort should be assessed and should be empirically treated. […] Concurrent sources of discomfort, such as dehydration, sleep deprivation, hunger, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, intoxication, hangover, anxiety, depression, and heat and cold stressors, should be addressed.

• #31 Motion Sickness | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-air-sea/motion-sickness.html

  Healthcare professionals should advise international travelers on techniques and medications to prevent and manage motion sickness. […] The primary symptoms of motion sickness are nausea and vomiting. […] The most widely accepted explanation for motion sickness is the sensory conflict or neural mismatch theory. […] For healthcare professionals managing a traveler with acute symptoms consistent with motion sickness, other causes should be excluded, including peripheral and central vestibular disease. […] Drugs against motion sickness can be divided into the following categories: antimuscarinics (e.g., scopolamine); H1 antihistamines (e.g., dimenhydrinate); and sympathomimetics (e.g., amphetamine). […] Anti-motion-sickness medication for children should be used with caution. […] Mal de debarquement (French for „sickness of disembarkation”) is the persistence of imbalance or a rocking sensation after exposure to passive motion, especially after sea voyage. […] For such cases, the traveler should be referred to a medical specialist in vestibular disorders.

• #32 Motion Sickness | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-air-sea/motion-sickness.html

  Healthcare professionals should advise international travelers on techniques and medications to prevent and manage motion sickness. […] The primary symptoms of motion sickness are nausea and vomiting. […] The most widely accepted explanation for motion sickness is the sensory conflict or neural mismatch theory. […] For healthcare professionals managing a traveler with acute symptoms consistent with motion sickness, other causes should be excluded, including peripheral and central vestibular disease. […] Drugs against motion sickness can be divided into the following categories: antimuscarinics (e.g., scopolamine); H1 antihistamines (e.g., dimenhydrinate); and sympathomimetics (e.g., amphetamine). […] Anti-motion-sickness medication for children should be used with caution. […] Mal de debarquement (French for „sickness of disembarkation”) is the persistence of imbalance or a rocking sensation after exposure to passive motion, especially after sea voyage. […] For such cases, the traveler should be referred to a medical specialist in vestibular disorders.

• #33 Mal de Débarquement Syndrome (MdDS)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24796-mal-de-debarquement-syndrome-mdds

  If your primary care physician (PCP) thinks you could have MdDS, they can refer you to an otolaryngologist or neurologist for an evaluation. Typically, this happens if you’ve had symptoms for at least one month. […] There’s no test that can give you a definitive MdDS diagnosis. Instead, healthcare providers run tests to rule out other similar conditions like vestibular migraines. These tests may include: Blood tests. Hearing tests. Balance tests. Imaging tests like CT (computed tomography) scans or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). […] In 2020, an international organization called the Brny Society published diagnostic criteria for MdDS in the International Classification of Vestibular Disorders (ICVD). This collection of information helps healthcare providers around the world to diagnose MdDS using the same standards and guidelines.

• #34

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/motion-sickness

  Motion sickness happens when the movement you see is different from what your inner ear senses. This can cause dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. […] Medicines can be used to prevent or treat motion sickness, although many of them cause drowsiness. Talk to a healthcare professional to decide if you should take medicines for motion sickness. Commonly used medicines are diphenhydramine (Benadryl), dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), and scopolamine. […] Motion sickness is more common in children ages 2 to 12 years old. […] Some medicines used to prevent or treat motion sickness are not recommended for children. Talk to your healthcare professional about medicines and correct dosing of medicines for motion sickness for children. Only give the recommended dosage.

• #35

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/motion-sickness

  Motion sickness happens when the movement you see is different from what your inner ear senses. This can cause dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. […] Medicines can be used to prevent or treat motion sickness, although many of them cause drowsiness. Talk to a healthcare professional to decide if you should take medicines for motion sickness. Commonly used medicines are diphenhydramine (Benadryl), dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), and scopolamine. […] Motion sickness is more common in children ages 2 to 12 years old. […] Some medicines used to prevent or treat motion sickness are not recommended for children. Talk to your healthcare professional about medicines and correct dosing of medicines for motion sickness for children. Only give the recommended dosage.

• #36 Motion and Cyber Sickness – Balance & Dizziness Canada

  https://balanceanddizziness.org/disorders/vestibular-disorders/motion-and-cyber-sickness/

  Motion sickness is nausea or discomfort that happens when you are exposed to certain types of motion, such as riding in a boat, car or airplane. Motion sickness is also very common during space travel. The nausea and discomfort may last for several hours after the motion stops. […] Cyber sickness is the umbrella term for nausea or discomfort triggered by viewing moving digital content on devices such as smartphones, tablets, desktop computers and eXtended reality (XR). It is similar to motion sickness, except that the “motion” that causes it is virtual, not real. When scrolling quickly on a smartphone, for example, you see movement that you do not feel. As with motion sickness, the symptoms of cyber sickness can last for several hours after the digital session ends. […] Usually, the symptoms of motion and cyber sickness go away within hours after the motion or use of an electronic device stops. If the symptoms continue for days or are really severe, visit a primary care physician to rule out other conditions. People with chronic or severe symptoms may be referred to a specialist such as a neuro-ophthalmologist.

• #37 Motion Sickness | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116390/all/Motion_Sickness?q=Hypoglycemia

  Motion sickness is a physiologic response in affected individuals to a situation in which sensory conflict about body motion exists among visual receptors, vestibular receptors, and body proprioceptors. […] Differs from cybersickness or virtual reality sickness (symptoms, including dizziness, that result from exposure to computer based stimuli) in the fact that some form of actual movement is generally required to diagnose motion sickness. […] Precise etiology unknown; thought to be due to a mismatch of vestibular and visual sensations. […] Nausea and vomiting occur as a result of increased levels of dopamine and acetylcholine, which stimulate chemoreceptor trigger zone and vomiting center in CNS. […] Motion sickness is diagnosed based on the presence of symptoms following exposure to motion.

• #38 Sopite Syndrome: The Insidious Side of Motion Sickness – DAN Boater

  https://danboater.org/travel-health-and-safety/faq-sopite-syndrome-motion-sickness.html

  Chances are, youre all too familiar with the motion sickness that occurs when youre exposed to the repeated motion of a vehicle while traveling by sea, land, or air. […] If these symptoms are associated with nausea, then the diagnosis of motion sickness is obvious. However, sopite syndrome may be the main and sole manifestation of motion sickness. […] For now, there is no reliable treatment for sopite syndrome. […] Treatment recommendations for recreational sailors are the same as those for seasickness but with an emphasis on education, awareness, and gradual exposure to the sea, which provides for habituation and hopefully, ample time for acquiring „sea legs”. […] Sopite syndrome may affect the safety of sailors and cruisers in various ways. Even mild bouts of it during short sails can affect cognitive functions and reduce the ability of multitasking.

• #39 2025 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code T75.3: Motion sickness

  https://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/S00-T88/T66-T78/T75-/T75.3

  Disorder caused by motion, as sea sickness, train sickness, car sickness, air sickness, or space motion sickness. It may include nausea, vomiting and dizziness. […] Motion sickness is a common problem in people traveling by car, train, airplanes and especially boats. Motion sickness can start suddenly, with a queasy feeling and cold sweats. It can then lead to dizziness and nausea and vomiting. […] The following code(s) above T75.3 contain annotation back-references Annotation Back-References In this context, annotation back-references refer to codes that contain: […] Diagnosis Index entries containing back-references to T75.3: […] Motion sickness T75.3 (from travel, any vehicle) (from roundabouts or swings) […] External Cause Index entries containing back-references to T75.3: Motion sickness T75.3.

• #40 2025 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code T75.3XXA: Motion sickness, initial encounter

  https://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/S00-T88/T66-T78/T75-/T75.3XXA

  T75.3XXA is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. […] The 2025 edition of ICD-10-CM T75.3XXA became effective on October 1, 2024. […] This is the American ICD-10-CM version of T75.3XXA – other international versions of ICD-10 T75.3XXA may differ. […] T75.3 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code T75.3 […] Motion sickness […] Applicable To […] Airsickness […] Seasickness […] Travel sickness […] Use Additional […] external cause code to identify vehicle or type of motion (Y92.81-). […] ICD-10-CM T75.3XXA is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v42.0): […] 149 Dysequilibrium.

• #41 Wiki – Pre-travel motion sickness diagnosis | Medical Billing and Coding Forum – AAPC

  https://www.aapc.com/discuss/threads/pre-travel-motion-sickness-diagnosis.85157/?srsltid=AfmBOooPlHEtgd9G-1x_VA_GKXaI59vOyb0upJQXzZIiPzwR3lEs8V1N

  Hi, We have a patient who came in because he was going to be travelling and is prone to motion sickness. He wanted a patch prescription. The provider coded the visit with 994.6 for motion sickness. Is that correct, since the patient isn’t yet sick, only in anticipation of getting sick? […] No that is incorrect as the patient is not at this time ill. You will need a V code for this encounter, either issing of prescription or a prophylactic code. […] It looks like since this is the patient’s first prescription for the patch I should go with the V07.8 Other specified prophylactic measure. […] a lot of coders think for some reason that they must do this kind of coding to avoid the use of a V code. However it is incorrect. You need to remind these persons that the dx code is the patient’s not yours, and if the patient does not possess that dx at the time of the encounter then the code cannot be assigned. I agree with the V07.8 code

• #42 Wiki – Pre-travel motion sickness diagnosis | Medical Billing and Coding Forum – AAPC

  https://www.aapc.com/discuss/threads/pre-travel-motion-sickness-diagnosis.85157/?srsltid=AfmBOooPlHEtgd9G-1x_VA_GKXaI59vOyb0upJQXzZIiPzwR3lEs8V1N

  I used Z71.89. If you find anything better I would like to know! […] I went down the research rabbit-hole on this today and was misled a few times before discovering that searching for „Prophylactic” in the ICD-10 Index leads to „medication Z79.899.” […] My interpretation is that because the Index says „Prophylactic/medication Z79.899” […] it would be appropriate to use. […] I found this code: Z41.8 Encounter for purposes other than remedying health state […] ICDdata (.com) suggests that Travel medicine advice and prophylaxis is an approximate synonym. […] I found there is actually a code range specifically for motion sickness, T75.3. […] However, motion sickness, is an condition that may be covered as medically necessary.

• #43 Motion sickness – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Motion_sickness

  Motion sickness occurs in the setting of passive motion or with a visual stimulus, which is perceived as actual movement (virtual reality). […] Evaluation is clinical and based upon the patient’s history. […] Educate patient on motion sickness and their susceptibility based on their risk factors. Inform the patient on how to prevent motion sickness with body position and medications. Encourage patient to return to ED if symptoms worsen.

• #44 Motion Sickness | Quironsalud

  https://www.quironsalud.com/en/enfermedades-sintomas/motion-sickness

  Motion sickness is evaluated and treated in internal medicine, family medicine, otolaryngology, and aerospace medicine units. […] The diagnosis of motion sickness is based on the appearance of symptoms and the context in which they occur.

• #45 Motion Sickness – Lexington Clinic

  https://lexingtonclinic.com/services/associate-practices/kentucky-ear-nose-and-throat/patient-resources/motion-sickness

• #46 Motion Sickness – Vestibular Disorders Association

  https://vestibular.org/article/coping-support/living-with-a-vestibular-disorder/motion-sickness/

  The main cause of motion sickness is a conflict in sensory information between your visual and vestibular system, so the best means to manage symptoms are to prevent them from occurring. […] There are a variety of medications and homeopathic treatments that have been shown to be quite effective in managing motion sickness directly as well as managing the symptoms of nausea and indigestion. […] Most causes of dizziness and motion sickness are mild and self-treatable disorders. But severe cases, and those that become progressively worse, deserve the attention of a physician with specialized skills in diseases of the ear, nose, throat, equilibrium, and neurological systems.

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