Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Giant cell arteritis

  https://sales-demo.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=143&pid=1&gid=000448

  There is no known prevention.

• #2 Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/giant-cell-arteritis-temporal-arteritis.html

  There is no way to prevent this disease. Vision loss (and, perhaps, other complications) may be prevented by prompt diagnosis and treatment. […] Some research suggests that low-dose aspirin may help to prevent complications of giant cell arteritis, including loss of vision. While the true impact of aspirin is uncertain, it is often recommended along with steroid therapy for this condition.

• #3 Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/giant-cell-arteritis-and-polymyalgia-rheumatica/

  There is no known way to prevent GCA or PMR because doctors aren’t sure what causes them. […] Your doctor may prescribe a corticosteroid medicine to treat inflammation and pain. This can help with symptoms of GCA and PMR. These medicines are taken by mouth (in pill form). Once you start taking a corticosteroid, you should feel better quickly. You may need to take this medicine for 6 months up to 2 years.

• #4 Low-dose aspirin and prevention of cranial ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15077317/

  At the time of the diagnosis of GCA, 36 patients (21%) had already been receiving low-dose aspirin (100 mg/day). […] These data suggest that low-dose aspirin decreases the rate of visual loss and CVAs in patients with GCA.

• #5 Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Alternatives to Corticosteroids, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332483-treatment

  Retrospective but impressive data from Nesher and colleagues support the use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg) in patients with GCA for prevention of visual loss and stroke. […] Patients on steroid therapy may receive prophylactic treatment with the following medications: Low-dose aspirin, 81 mg per day to decrease cranial ischemic complications. […] Long-term corticosteroid therapy has frequent and potentially serious consequences, including diabetes mellitus, vertebral compression fractures, steroid myopathy, steroid psychosis, and immunosuppression-related infections. […] Given the high risk of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, patients should have baseline bone densitometry at the start of therapy. All patients on corticosteroids need adequate calcium and vitamin D for protection against osteoporosis (1500 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D3 daily).

• #6 Preventing Permanent Vision Loss: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Temporal Arteritis | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/articles/preventing-permanent-vision-loss-diagnosis-and-treatment-temporal-arteritis

  Data also supports the use of 100 mg/d of aspirin as an adjunct to the steroid therapy to reduce the chance of recurrence. […] As research continues to advance regarding the cellular components and chemical mediators of the inflammatory process behind temporal arteritis, we may see advances in treatment options to allow for a reduction in the use of high-dose systemic steroids.

• #7

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11936-006-0007-9

  Corticosteroid treatment should start directly after suspected diagnosis. […] Low-dose aspirin reduces the risk of ophthalmologic and cardiovascular complications. […] Shows that patients who received 100 mg of aspirin before and at diagnosis of temporal arteritis had less ophthalmologic and cerebrovascular ischemic complications. Furthermore, patients who received aspirin in the first 3 months of their disease had less complications.

• #8 Recognition and Management of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/1115/p676.html

  Initial treatment of giant cell arteritis involves immediate initiation of high-dose corticosteroids followed by urgent referral to a rheumatologist, with additional attention given to prevention of corticosteroid-related conditions. Surveillance for osteoporosis and treatment with agents proven to increase bone mineral density and decrease fracture risk in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, such as alendronate and risedronate, are recommended. In addition, studies show the use of low-dose aspirin decreases cranial-ischemic complications.

• #9 Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/giant-cell-arteritis-temporal-arteritis.html

  There is no way to prevent this disease. Vision loss (and, perhaps, other complications) may be prevented by prompt diagnosis and treatment. […] Some research suggests that low-dose aspirin may help to prevent complications of giant cell arteritis, including loss of vision. While the true impact of aspirin is uncertain, it is often recommended along with steroid therapy for this condition.

• #10 Temporal arteritis overview – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Temporal_arteritis_overview

  There is no known prevention for temporal arteritis. […] Use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg) for prevention of visual loss and stroke is recommended in temporal arteritis.

• #11

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2013/june/arteritis.aspx

  Giant cell arteritis must be treated urgently, as it is associated with a significant risk of permanent visual loss, stroke, aneurysm and possible death. A low threshold for suspicion and prompt corticosteroid treatment are essential to prevent these complications. […] Whenever there is a reasonable suspicion of the condition, discuss the patient with an Ophthalmologist or Rheumatologist to organise referral for a temporal artery biopsy, and initiate same-day treatment with corticosteroids. Where there is a strong clinical suspicion of giant cell arteritis, a delay in treatment will almost always have greater consequences than an unnecessary dose of corticosteroids in someone who is later found to not to have the condition. […] If the findings from the history and examination strongly indicate giant cell arteritis, after considering possible differential diagnoses, urgent treatment and referral should be initiated. The first steps for most patients should be to provide a prescription for corticosteroids and to contact either an Ophthalmologist or Rheumatologist to organise a temporal artery biopsy.

• #12 Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)

  http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/article/gca/index.htm

  Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY, because it carries a high risk of severe visual loss in one or both eyes – loss which is usually PREVENTABLE. Early diagnosis is the key to correct management and prevention of visual loss. […] If there is a reasonable index of suspicion that the patient has GCA or arteritic AION, start treatment immediately. Do not wait for the results of temporal artery biopsy, because by the time the result comes, the patient may have developed irreversible visual loss in both eyes. […] GCA is the most important medical emergency in ophthalmology, because of its high risk of visual loss, which is preventable if these patients are diagnosed early and treated immediately and aggressively. Thus, in patients aged over 55 years, if symptoms and/or signs suggest GCA or they have amaurosis fugax, AION, central retinal artery occlusion, cilioretinal artery occlusion or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, always rule out GCA first before embarking on expensive and time-consuming investigations and treatments. If GCA is suspected, treat it as an emergency with systemic corticosteroids – temporal artery biopsy can wait.

• #13 Temporal Arteritis: Symptoms, Treatments, and Causes

  https://www.healthline.com/health/temporal-arteritis

  Temporal arteritis is an autoimmune condition in which the temporal arteries, which supply blood to the head and brain, become inflamed or damaged. Early medical care can prevent serious complications like blindness. […] The main treatment goal is to prevent permanent visual loss and suppress inflammation of the blood vessels that can cause tissue damage. […] If a doctor suspects you have temporal arteritis, treatment should begin immediately, even if test results haven’t yet confirmed the diagnosis. […] Most people with temporal arteritis continue taking corticosteroids for at least a year. Some may have to take a permanent low dose. […] Although corticosteroids are the most common and effective treatments for temporal arteritis, in certain cases, doctors may consider other treatments as add-on therapy to help taper off the use of corticosteroids such as prednisone.

• #14 Temporal Arteritis (Giant Cell Arteritis)

  https://patient.info/eye-care/visual-problems/temporal-arteritis-giant-cell-arteritis

  See a doctor immediately if you suspect that you have temporal arteritis. People with temporal arteritis need urgent treatment with steroids. Treatment aims to prevent serious complications such as severe sight impairment which can occur soon after the disease starts. […] If temporal arteritis is suspected, treatment is usually started straightaway – even before a sample taken (a biopsy) can confirm the diagnosis. The main aim is to reduce the risk of possible complications. The second aim is to relieve the headache and any other symptoms. […] The relief of symptoms and the prevention of serious complications usually outweigh the risk of side-effects from the doses of steroids used for temporal arteritis.

• #15

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2013/june/arteritis.aspx

  The need for biopsy should never delay treatment. A biopsy can usually still be performed and provide accurate results two to six weeks after initiating corticosteroid treatment, although it should ideally be performed within one week. […] Most guidelines recommend oral prednisone 40-60 mg, once daily, for patients with giant cell arteritis, with the higher dose used in patients with ischaemic symptoms. […] For patients who already have visual loss symptoms, consult with the Ophthalmologist or Rheumatologist about the possibility of intravenous corticosteroid treatment. […] Aspirin, 100 mg, daily, should be considered for patients without contraindications as there is some evidence that it decreases the rate of visual loss and other cerebrovascular complications. […] Vitamin D supplements and advice to maintain adequate calcium intake should be given to all patients in order to limit the adverse effects of long-term prednisone treatment.

• #16 Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Alternatives to Corticosteroids, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332483-treatment

  Retrospective but impressive data from Nesher and colleagues support the use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg) in patients with GCA for prevention of visual loss and stroke. […] Patients on steroid therapy may receive prophylactic treatment with the following medications: Low-dose aspirin, 81 mg per day to decrease cranial ischemic complications. […] Long-term corticosteroid therapy has frequent and potentially serious consequences, including diabetes mellitus, vertebral compression fractures, steroid myopathy, steroid psychosis, and immunosuppression-related infections. […] Given the high risk of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, patients should have baseline bone densitometry at the start of therapy. All patients on corticosteroids need adequate calcium and vitamin D for protection against osteoporosis (1500 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D3 daily).

• #17 Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Alternatives to Corticosteroids, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332483-treatment

  Retrospective but impressive data from Nesher and colleagues support the use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg) in patients with GCA for prevention of visual loss and stroke. […] Patients on steroid therapy may receive prophylactic treatment with the following medications: Low-dose aspirin, 81 mg per day to decrease cranial ischemic complications. […] Long-term corticosteroid therapy has frequent and potentially serious consequences, including diabetes mellitus, vertebral compression fractures, steroid myopathy, steroid psychosis, and immunosuppression-related infections. […] Given the high risk of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, patients should have baseline bone densitometry at the start of therapy. All patients on corticosteroids need adequate calcium and vitamin D for protection against osteoporosis (1500 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D3 daily).

• #18 Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Alternatives to Corticosteroids, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332483-treatment

  Retrospective but impressive data from Nesher and colleagues support the use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg) in patients with GCA for prevention of visual loss and stroke. […] Patients on steroid therapy may receive prophylactic treatment with the following medications: Low-dose aspirin, 81 mg per day to decrease cranial ischemic complications. […] Long-term corticosteroid therapy has frequent and potentially serious consequences, including diabetes mellitus, vertebral compression fractures, steroid myopathy, steroid psychosis, and immunosuppression-related infections. […] Given the high risk of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, patients should have baseline bone densitometry at the start of therapy. All patients on corticosteroids need adequate calcium and vitamin D for protection against osteoporosis (1500 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D3 daily).

• #19

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2013/june/arteritis.aspx

  The need for biopsy should never delay treatment. A biopsy can usually still be performed and provide accurate results two to six weeks after initiating corticosteroid treatment, although it should ideally be performed within one week. […] Most guidelines recommend oral prednisone 40-60 mg, once daily, for patients with giant cell arteritis, with the higher dose used in patients with ischaemic symptoms. […] For patients who already have visual loss symptoms, consult with the Ophthalmologist or Rheumatologist about the possibility of intravenous corticosteroid treatment. […] Aspirin, 100 mg, daily, should be considered for patients without contraindications as there is some evidence that it decreases the rate of visual loss and other cerebrovascular complications. […] Vitamin D supplements and advice to maintain adequate calcium intake should be given to all patients in order to limit the adverse effects of long-term prednisone treatment.

• #20 Recognition and Management of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/1115/p676.html

  The mainstay of treatment is corticosteroids with a slow taper, which normally reduces symptoms rapidly. Dosing must be tailored to the patient’s symptoms and inflammatory markers because up to 13% of patients require higher initial doses. Treatment regimens include recommendations for prevention of corticosteroid-related conditions. […] Recommendations that address long-term corticosteroid complications are listed in Table 3. Studies show that use of bisphosphonates, specifically alendronate (Fosamax) and risedronate (Actonel), can increase bone mineral density and decrease vertebral fractures in patients on long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Surveillance is important. Elevated inflammatory markers do not necessarily indicate increasing corticosteroid requirements but may imply a need for further investigation.

• #21

  https://journals.lww.com/ijo/fulltext/2021/02000/giant_cell_arteritis__its_ophthalmic.7.aspx

  I stress to them the importance of being followed closely for side-effects by their local physician, as well as in my clinic. […] So far, I have never seen any GCA patient refuse corticosteroid therapy. This is because fear of going blind is next to fear of death. […] To prevent osteoporosis, supplementation with calcium, vitamin D, and bisphosphonate therapy is indicated. […] There is no convincing evidence that ischemic manifestations occur as a direct consequence of reactive thrombocytosis in GCA, particularly with the rather moderate increases in platelets. […] This subject is discussed at length elsewhere.

• #22 Step forward towards treat-to-target management of giant cell arteritis: patients stratification aiming to targeted remission – updated guidelines | Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation | Full Text

  https://erar.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43166-024-00237-w

  Patient stratification facilitate the initiation of an appropriate management approach for patients with giant cell arteritis aiming at achieving targeted disease remission state and prevention of visual loss and/or development of ischaemic events. […] GCA management should target control of the disease symptoms, avert any damage attributed to GCA, consider any relevant comorbidities and minimize treatment associated side effects. […] GCA treatment strategy should be guided by disease stratification. This can be achieved through using clinical, biomarkers, histology, and imaging parameters as well as the presence of associated comorbidities and possible medical therapy associated complications. […] Regular follow-up and monitoring of disease activity should be tailored to the individual patients symptoms, clinical findings and disease activity laboratory measures.

• #23 Temporal Arteritis | Connecticut Vascular Center

  https://ctvascularcenter.com/patient-education/temporal-arteritis/

  Although the exact cause of the condition is unknown, doctors believe it may be linked to the body’s autoimmune response. There’s no known prevention. However, once diagnosed, temporal arteritis can be treated to minimize your symptoms and associated complications. […] Treatment typically lasts for one to two years. It’s important that you have regular checkups with your doctor during corticosteroid therapy, as well as after you’ve finished treatment. They’ll need to monitor how your body is reacting to the treatment, measure your progress afterwards, and make sure you don’t develop the condition again, as it can be reoccurring.

• #24 Temporal Arteritis: Symptoms, Treatments, and Causes

  https://www.healthline.com/health/temporal-arteritis

  Talk with your doctor about ways to minimize these side effects. […] You’ll still need to see your doctor for checkups once you’ve finished your course of treatment. This is because temporal arteritis can recur. […] If you have symptoms or a diagnosis of temporal arteritis, it’s important to get treatment immediately to prevent serious complications. Visual loss or blindness is the most serious complication. Other complications can include: inflammation and damage to other blood vessels in the body, development of aneurysms, including aortic aneurysms and a more rarely occurring aortic dissection, eye muscle weakness, stroke. […] Your outlook for temporal arteritis will depend on how quickly you’re diagnosed and start treatment. Untreated temporal arteritis can cause serious damage to the blood vessels in your body, and in some cases, it can be life threatening.

• #25 Diagnosing and Treating Temporal Arteritis: An Overview

  https://conloneyeinstitute.com/understanding-temporal-arteritis/

  Regular check-ups can also be advantageous for the early detection of temporal arteritis. During a physical examination, a physician can assess for tenderness, swelling, or diminished pulse in the temporal arteries, which are usual indications of temporal arteritis. Prompt treatment, facilitated by early recognition, can help avoid complications like vision loss.

• #26 Understanding Temporal Arteritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://conloneyeinstitute.com/understanding-temporal-arteritis-symptoms-causes-treatments/

  Regular check-ups can also be advantageous for the early detection of temporal arteritis. During a physical examination, a physician can assess for tenderness, swelling, or diminished pulse in the temporal arteries, which are usual indications of temporal arteritis. Prompt treatment, facilitated by early recognition, can help avoid complications like vision loss.

• #27 Diagnosing and Treating Temporal Arteritis: An Overview

  https://conloneyeinstitute.com/understanding-temporal-arteritis/

  While there is no definitive way to prevent GCA, addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help reduce the risk of developing the disease. Here are some steps you can take to prevent temporal arteritis potentially: […] Given the established link between smoking and a heightened likelihood of developing temporal arteritis, smoking cessation is particularly important for these patients. Moreover, smoking can exacerbate other conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which can aggravate the symptoms of temporal arteritis. […] Particularly beneficial in the prevention of temporal arteritis is exercise, especially aerobics. It can enhance blood supply, cardiovascular function, and overall strength, helping maintain arterial health and reducing the risk of temporal arteritis.

• #28 Understanding Temporal Arteritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://conloneyeinstitute.com/understanding-temporal-arteritis-symptoms-causes-treatments/

  While there is no definitive way to prevent GCA, addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help reduce the risk of developing the disease. Here are some steps you can take to prevent temporal arteritis potentially: […] By incorporating these practices into your lifestyle, you may be able to lower your risk of developing temporal arteritis. […] Given the established link between smoking and a heightened likelihood of developing temporal arteritis, smoking cessation is particularly important for these patients. […] Particularly beneficial in the prevention of temporal arteritis is exercise, especially aerobics. It can enhance blood supply, cardiovascular function, and overall strength, helping maintain arterial health and reducing the risk of temporal arteritis.

• #29 Diagnosing and Treating Temporal Arteritis: An Overview

  https://conloneyeinstitute.com/understanding-temporal-arteritis/

  While there is no definitive way to prevent GCA, addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help reduce the risk of developing the disease. Here are some steps you can take to prevent temporal arteritis potentially: […] Given the established link between smoking and a heightened likelihood of developing temporal arteritis, smoking cessation is particularly important for these patients. Moreover, smoking can exacerbate other conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which can aggravate the symptoms of temporal arteritis. […] Particularly beneficial in the prevention of temporal arteritis is exercise, especially aerobics. It can enhance blood supply, cardiovascular function, and overall strength, helping maintain arterial health and reducing the risk of temporal arteritis.

• #30 Temporal Arteritis: How to Manage with 6 Natural Remedies – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/temporal-arteritis-how-to-manage-with-6-natural-remedies/

  Temporal arteritis – Dr. Axe […] Temporal arteritis causes pain and swelling in the arteries of the head and neck. There is no clear cause and no true cure, but fast medical treatment can help prevent serious complications. […] You must continue taking steroids for as long as your healthcare provider says, since the medicine helps prevent serious complications including vision loss, stroke and death. […] Temporal arteritis treatment can improve blood vessel health. However, medications can create their own problems. Thankfully, there are natural ways you may be able to improve your overall health, manage symptoms and fight drug side effects if you have temporal arteritis. […] Smoking and even being a former smoker increase the risk of developing temporal arteritis. However, when you quit smoking, your blood vessel health improves quickly. […] To avoid getting ill more often, try some of these tips: Follow hygiene recommendations. […] Ask about supplements to boost your immune system.

• #31 Diagnosing and Treating Temporal Arteritis: An Overview

  https://conloneyeinstitute.com/understanding-temporal-arteritis/

  While there is no definitive way to prevent GCA, addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help reduce the risk of developing the disease. Here are some steps you can take to prevent temporal arteritis potentially: […] Given the established link between smoking and a heightened likelihood of developing temporal arteritis, smoking cessation is particularly important for these patients. Moreover, smoking can exacerbate other conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which can aggravate the symptoms of temporal arteritis. […] Particularly beneficial in the prevention of temporal arteritis is exercise, especially aerobics. It can enhance blood supply, cardiovascular function, and overall strength, helping maintain arterial health and reducing the risk of temporal arteritis.

• #32 Understanding Temporal Arteritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://conloneyeinstitute.com/understanding-temporal-arteritis-symptoms-causes-treatments/

  While there is no definitive way to prevent GCA, addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help reduce the risk of developing the disease. Here are some steps you can take to prevent temporal arteritis potentially: […] By incorporating these practices into your lifestyle, you may be able to lower your risk of developing temporal arteritis. […] Given the established link between smoking and a heightened likelihood of developing temporal arteritis, smoking cessation is particularly important for these patients. […] Particularly beneficial in the prevention of temporal arteritis is exercise, especially aerobics. It can enhance blood supply, cardiovascular function, and overall strength, helping maintain arterial health and reducing the risk of temporal arteritis.

• #33 Giant Cell Arteritis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Tampa General Hospital

  https://www.tgh.org/institutes-and-services/conditions/giant-cell-arteritis

  Because researchers have not yet determined what causes giant cell arteritis, at this point theres nothing you can do to prevent this condition from developing. […] However, because studies suggest that living through stressful events could potentially increase your risk of developing giant cell arteritis, you should take steps to manage your stress levels: identifying and eliminating stressors that are within your control, prioritizing healthy lifestyle habits while deprioritizing harmful ones and making time in your schedule to relax are all ways you can manage your stress levels.

• #34 Stress and Temporal Arteritis: The Relationship, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.verywellmind.com/stress-and-temporal-arteritis-6834218

  Research into the connection between stress and temporal arteritis reveals that stress can contribute to the development of the condition. […] As mentioned, stress can contribute to the development of temporal arteritis. Stress can increase the risk of a flare-up occurring in people who already have the condition but have it under control. […] Maintaining healthy stress levels isnt just vital to optimal well-being. It can also help prevent the condition from developing in some instances. […] The condition can also be prevented. In cases where its stress-induced, managing your stress levels may go a long way in helping to prevent the condition from developing.

• #35 Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.giant-cell-arteritis-gca-care-instructions.zc1431

  GCA is treated right away to prevent blindness. Your doctor will prescribe steroids that you take as pills. […] If you are on long-term steroids, talk to your doctor about taking a daily vitamin containing calcium and vitamin D. This can prevent bone thinning caused by the steroids. […] Make sure you get all recommended vaccines. Taking steroids can weaken your immune system, and vaccines can help protect you from getting sick.

• #36 Temporal Arteritis: How to Manage with 6 Natural Remedies – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/temporal-arteritis-how-to-manage-with-6-natural-remedies/

  Temporal arteritis – Dr. Axe […] Temporal arteritis causes pain and swelling in the arteries of the head and neck. There is no clear cause and no true cure, but fast medical treatment can help prevent serious complications. […] You must continue taking steroids for as long as your healthcare provider says, since the medicine helps prevent serious complications including vision loss, stroke and death. […] Temporal arteritis treatment can improve blood vessel health. However, medications can create their own problems. Thankfully, there are natural ways you may be able to improve your overall health, manage symptoms and fight drug side effects if you have temporal arteritis. […] Smoking and even being a former smoker increase the risk of developing temporal arteritis. However, when you quit smoking, your blood vessel health improves quickly. […] To avoid getting ill more often, try some of these tips: Follow hygiene recommendations. […] Ask about supplements to boost your immune system.

• #37 Is PJP Prophylaxis Indicated in Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis or Polymyalgia Rheumatica?

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/is-pjp-prophylaxis-indicated-in-patients-with-giant-cell-arteritis-or-polymyalgia-rheumatica-

  Results of a recent study showed that the risk of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is low in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), therefore discouraging the routine prescribing of PJP prophylaxis for this patient population. […] The authors concluded these data do not support routine prescribing of PJP prophylaxis for patients with GCA or PMR.

• #38

• #39 Step forward towards treat-to-target management of giant cell arteritis: patients stratification aiming to targeted remission – updated guidelines | Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation | Full Text

  https://erar.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43166-024-00237-w

  Patients education plays a vital role in the management of GCA particularly for its key warning symptoms, possible complications and its treatment (including treatment-related complications). […] Management of GCA should be based on a shared decision between the patient and the rheumatologist, and should consider the outcome of management, targets, efficacy, safety and costs.

• #40 Temporal Arteritis: Symptoms, Treatments, and Causes

  https://www.healthline.com/health/temporal-arteritis

  Talk with your doctor about ways to minimize these side effects. […] You’ll still need to see your doctor for checkups once you’ve finished your course of treatment. This is because temporal arteritis can recur. […] If you have symptoms or a diagnosis of temporal arteritis, it’s important to get treatment immediately to prevent serious complications. Visual loss or blindness is the most serious complication. Other complications can include: inflammation and damage to other blood vessels in the body, development of aneurysms, including aortic aneurysms and a more rarely occurring aortic dissection, eye muscle weakness, stroke. […] Your outlook for temporal arteritis will depend on how quickly you’re diagnosed and start treatment. Untreated temporal arteritis can cause serious damage to the blood vessels in your body, and in some cases, it can be life threatening.

• #41 Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/giant-cell-arteritis-pro

  Tocilizumab (a monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor) is an effective glucocorticoid-sparing therapy, demonstrating sustained glucocorticoid-free remission in 56% of patients receiving weekly tocilizumab compared with 18% of patients receiving a 52-week prednisone taper. […] Its use has expanded, however, and is used more widely in the initial treatment of giant cell arteritis (alongside corticosteroids), especially in patients who are at a high risk of glucocorticoid toxicity.

• #42 Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/giant-cell-arteritis-pro

  Tocilizumab (a monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor) is an effective glucocorticoid-sparing therapy, demonstrating sustained glucocorticoid-free remission in 56% of patients receiving weekly tocilizumab compared with 18% of patients receiving a 52-week prednisone taper. […] Its use has expanded, however, and is used more widely in the initial treatment of giant cell arteritis (alongside corticosteroids), especially in patients who are at a high risk of glucocorticoid toxicity.

• #43 Step forward towards treat-to-target management of giant cell arteritis: patients stratification aiming to targeted remission – updated guidelines | Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation | Full Text

  https://erar.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43166-024-00237-w

  Patient stratification facilitate the initiation of an appropriate management approach for patients with giant cell arteritis aiming at achieving targeted disease remission state and prevention of visual loss and/or development of ischaemic events. […] GCA management should target control of the disease symptoms, avert any damage attributed to GCA, consider any relevant comorbidities and minimize treatment associated side effects. […] GCA treatment strategy should be guided by disease stratification. This can be achieved through using clinical, biomarkers, histology, and imaging parameters as well as the presence of associated comorbidities and possible medical therapy associated complications. […] Regular follow-up and monitoring of disease activity should be tailored to the individual patients symptoms, clinical findings and disease activity laboratory measures.

• #44 Step forward towards treat-to-target management of giant cell arteritis: patients stratification aiming to targeted remission – updated guidelines | Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation | Full Text

  https://erar.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43166-024-00237-w

  Patient stratification facilitate the initiation of an appropriate management approach for patients with giant cell arteritis aiming at achieving targeted disease remission state and prevention of visual loss and/or development of ischaemic events. […] GCA management should target control of the disease symptoms, avert any damage attributed to GCA, consider any relevant comorbidities and minimize treatment associated side effects. […] GCA treatment strategy should be guided by disease stratification. This can be achieved through using clinical, biomarkers, histology, and imaging parameters as well as the presence of associated comorbidities and possible medical therapy associated complications. […] Regular follow-up and monitoring of disease activity should be tailored to the individual patients symptoms, clinical findings and disease activity laboratory measures.

• #45 Step forward towards treat-to-target management of giant cell arteritis: patients stratification aiming to targeted remission – updated guidelines | Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation | Full Text

  https://erar.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43166-024-00237-w

  Patients education plays a vital role in the management of GCA particularly for its key warning symptoms, possible complications and its treatment (including treatment-related complications). […] Management of GCA should be based on a shared decision between the patient and the rheumatologist, and should consider the outcome of management, targets, efficacy, safety and costs.

• #46 Low-dose aspirin and prevention of cranial ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15077317/

  At the time of the diagnosis of GCA, 36 patients (21%) had already been receiving low-dose aspirin (100 mg/day). […] These data suggest that low-dose aspirin decreases the rate of visual loss and CVAs in patients with GCA.

• #47 Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Alternatives to Corticosteroids, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332483-treatment

  Retrospective but impressive data from Nesher and colleagues support the use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg) in patients with GCA for prevention of visual loss and stroke. […] Patients on steroid therapy may receive prophylactic treatment with the following medications: Low-dose aspirin, 81 mg per day to decrease cranial ischemic complications. […] Long-term corticosteroid therapy has frequent and potentially serious consequences, including diabetes mellitus, vertebral compression fractures, steroid myopathy, steroid psychosis, and immunosuppression-related infections. […] Given the high risk of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, patients should have baseline bone densitometry at the start of therapy. All patients on corticosteroids need adequate calcium and vitamin D for protection against osteoporosis (1500 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D3 daily).

• #48 Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)

  http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/article/gca/index.htm

  Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY, because it carries a high risk of severe visual loss in one or both eyes – loss which is usually PREVENTABLE. Early diagnosis is the key to correct management and prevention of visual loss. […] If there is a reasonable index of suspicion that the patient has GCA or arteritic AION, start treatment immediately. Do not wait for the results of temporal artery biopsy, because by the time the result comes, the patient may have developed irreversible visual loss in both eyes. […] GCA is the most important medical emergency in ophthalmology, because of its high risk of visual loss, which is preventable if these patients are diagnosed early and treated immediately and aggressively. Thus, in patients aged over 55 years, if symptoms and/or signs suggest GCA or they have amaurosis fugax, AION, central retinal artery occlusion, cilioretinal artery occlusion or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, always rule out GCA first before embarking on expensive and time-consuming investigations and treatments. If GCA is suspected, treat it as an emergency with systemic corticosteroids – temporal artery biopsy can wait.

• #49 Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Alternatives to Corticosteroids, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332483-treatment

  Retrospective but impressive data from Nesher and colleagues support the use of low-dose aspirin (81 mg) in patients with GCA for prevention of visual loss and stroke. […] Patients on steroid therapy may receive prophylactic treatment with the following medications: Low-dose aspirin, 81 mg per day to decrease cranial ischemic complications. […] Long-term corticosteroid therapy has frequent and potentially serious consequences, including diabetes mellitus, vertebral compression fractures, steroid myopathy, steroid psychosis, and immunosuppression-related infections. […] Given the high risk of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, patients should have baseline bone densitometry at the start of therapy. All patients on corticosteroids need adequate calcium and vitamin D for protection against osteoporosis (1500 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D3 daily).

• #50 Recognition and Management of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2013/1115/p676.html

  The mainstay of treatment is corticosteroids with a slow taper, which normally reduces symptoms rapidly. Dosing must be tailored to the patient’s symptoms and inflammatory markers because up to 13% of patients require higher initial doses. Treatment regimens include recommendations for prevention of corticosteroid-related conditions. […] Recommendations that address long-term corticosteroid complications are listed in Table 3. Studies show that use of bisphosphonates, specifically alendronate (Fosamax) and risedronate (Actonel), can increase bone mineral density and decrease vertebral fractures in patients on long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Surveillance is important. Elevated inflammatory markers do not necessarily indicate increasing corticosteroid requirements but may imply a need for further investigation.

• #51 Step forward towards treat-to-target management of giant cell arteritis: patients stratification aiming to targeted remission – updated guidelines | Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation | Full Text

  https://erar.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43166-024-00237-w

  Patient stratification facilitate the initiation of an appropriate management approach for patients with giant cell arteritis aiming at achieving targeted disease remission state and prevention of visual loss and/or development of ischaemic events. […] GCA management should target control of the disease symptoms, avert any damage attributed to GCA, consider any relevant comorbidities and minimize treatment associated side effects. […] GCA treatment strategy should be guided by disease stratification. This can be achieved through using clinical, biomarkers, histology, and imaging parameters as well as the presence of associated comorbidities and possible medical therapy associated complications. […] Regular follow-up and monitoring of disease activity should be tailored to the individual patients symptoms, clinical findings and disease activity laboratory measures.

• #52 Diagnosing and Treating Temporal Arteritis: An Overview

  https://conloneyeinstitute.com/understanding-temporal-arteritis/

  While there is no definitive way to prevent GCA, addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help reduce the risk of developing the disease. Here are some steps you can take to prevent temporal arteritis potentially: […] Given the established link between smoking and a heightened likelihood of developing temporal arteritis, smoking cessation is particularly important for these patients. Moreover, smoking can exacerbate other conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which can aggravate the symptoms of temporal arteritis. […] Particularly beneficial in the prevention of temporal arteritis is exercise, especially aerobics. It can enhance blood supply, cardiovascular function, and overall strength, helping maintain arterial health and reducing the risk of temporal arteritis.

• #53 Stress and Temporal Arteritis: The Relationship, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.verywellmind.com/stress-and-temporal-arteritis-6834218

  Research into the connection between stress and temporal arteritis reveals that stress can contribute to the development of the condition. […] As mentioned, stress can contribute to the development of temporal arteritis. Stress can increase the risk of a flare-up occurring in people who already have the condition but have it under control. […] Maintaining healthy stress levels isnt just vital to optimal well-being. It can also help prevent the condition from developing in some instances. […] The condition can also be prevented. In cases where its stress-induced, managing your stress levels may go a long way in helping to prevent the condition from developing.

• #54 Step forward towards treat-to-target management of giant cell arteritis: patients stratification aiming to targeted remission – updated guidelines | Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation | Full Text

  https://erar.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43166-024-00237-w

  Patients education plays a vital role in the management of GCA particularly for its key warning symptoms, possible complications and its treatment (including treatment-related complications). […] Management of GCA should be based on a shared decision between the patient and the rheumatologist, and should consider the outcome of management, targets, efficacy, safety and costs.

• #55 Temporal Arteritis | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/infection-prevention-and-control/temporal-arteritis-12-08-2003/

  Aspirin may be a useful prophylactic treatment but it is not suitable for every patient. […] As many eye conditions are asymptomatic it is essential to emphasise the importance of having regular eye tests. […] Any changes in sight must be followed up immediately as most major causes of blindness can be treated if identified at an early stage.

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