Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a condition characterized by abnormal electrical pathways in the heart that cause a disruption of the heart’s normal rhythm (arrhythmia). […] People with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome are born with an extra connection in the heart, called an accessory pathway, that allows electrical signals to bypass the atrioventricular node and move from the atria to the ventricles faster than usual. This extra connection can disrupt the coordinated movement of electrical signals through the heart, leading to an abnormally fast heartbeat (tachycardia) and other changes in heart rhythm. Resulting symptoms include dizziness, a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest (palpitations), shortness of breath, and fainting (syncope). In rare cases, arrhythmias associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can lead to cardiac arrest and sudden death. […] Complications of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can occur at any age, although some individuals born with an accessory pathway in the heart never experience any health problems associated with the condition.

• #2 Arrhythmias – Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a conduction disorder that can make your heart beat too quickly or with an irregular rhythm. This is called an arrhythmia, and it can be life-threatening. […] If you have WPW syndrome, you may not have any symptoms of an arrhythmia. If you do have symptoms, you may notice that they change over time. For example, you may develop symptoms, or your symptoms may go away, as you get older. Sometimes the first sign of WPW is a life-threatening arrhythmia or sudden cardiac arrest. […] Your symptoms may include: Palpitations, or feeling your heart beat fast; Chest pain or tightness; Shortness of breath; Dizziness and fainting. […] If left untreated, WPW syndrome can cause the following problems: Heart failure; Serious arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation; Cardiac arrest, which can be fatal and is more common in boys and men and in people who have other heart conditions.

• #3 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW Syndrome) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/specific-cardiac-arrhythmias/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw-syndrome

  Classic (manifest) Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is due to an accessory atrioventricular connection that produces a prototypical ECG consisting of a short PR interval, a wide QRS complex with an initial slurred component (delta wave), and secondary repolarization changes in association with symptomatic reentrant (paroxysmal) supraventricular tachycardia. […] Reentrant (paroxysmal) supraventricular tachycardia produces sudden episodes of palpitations that begin and terminate abruptly; some patients have dyspnea or chest discomfort. […] Most patients present with symptoms of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia during young adulthood or middle age. They typically have episodes of sudden-onset, sudden-offset, rapid, regular palpitations often associated with symptoms of hemodynamic compromise (eg, dyspnea, chest discomfort, light-headedness).

• #4 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW): MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000151.htm

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which there is an extra electrical pathway in the heart that leads to periods of rapid heart rate (tachycardia). […] WPW syndrome is one of the most common causes of fast heart rate problems in infants and children. […] How often a rapid heart rate occurs varies depending on the person. Some people with WPW syndrome have only a few episodes of rapid heart rate. Others may have the rapid heart rate once or twice a week or more. Also, there may be no symptoms at all, so that condition is found when a heart test is done for another reason. […] A person with this syndrome may have: Chest pain or chest tightness, Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Fainting, Palpitations (a sensation of feeling your heart beating, usually quickly or irregularly), Shortness of breath.

• #5 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which there is an extra electrical pathway in the heart that leads to periods of rapid heart rate (tachycardia). […] WPW syndrome is one of the most common causes of fast heart rate problems in infants and children. […] How often a rapid heart rate occurs varies depending on the person. Some people with WPW syndrome have only a few episodes of rapid heart rate. Others may have the rapid heart rate once or twice a week or more. Also, there may be no symptoms at all, so that condition is found when a heart test is done for another reason. […] A person with this syndrome may have: Chest pain or chest tightness, Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Fainting, Palpitations (a sensation of feeling your heart beating, usually quickly or irregularly), Shortness of breath. […] Very rapid heartbeats, a complication of Wolff-Parkinson-White, can result in severe hypotension and syncope, or loss of consciousness.

• #6 Patient education: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-beyond-the-basics/print

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which episodes of fast heart rate (called tachycardia) occur because of an abnormal extra electrical pathway in the heart. People with WPW may experience skipped heart beats, dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting, although some people with WPW have no symptoms. […] If symptoms do occur (WPW syndrome), they are related to the development of an abnormal heart rhythm and a rapid heart rate. […] During tachycardia, a person may experience skipped heart beats, a racing heart rate, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, or rarely, sudden death. Sudden death is usually a result of the very rapid ventricular response seen in WPW syndrome and is very rare. At a very rapid heart rate the ventricles cannot pump blood effectively to other vital organs. Fortunately, the incidence of sudden death in people with WPW is quite low, ranging from 0 to 0.39 percent per year, with risk lowest among those with WPW pattern who continue to have no symptoms.

• #7 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW): MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000151.htm

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which there is an extra electrical pathway in the heart that leads to periods of rapid heart rate (tachycardia). […] WPW syndrome is one of the most common causes of fast heart rate problems in infants and children. […] How often a rapid heart rate occurs varies depending on the person. Some people with WPW syndrome have only a few episodes of rapid heart rate. Others may have the rapid heart rate once or twice a week or more. Also, there may be no symptoms at all, so that condition is found when a heart test is done for another reason. […] A person with this syndrome may have: Chest pain or chest tightness, Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Fainting, Palpitations (a sensation of feeling your heart beating, usually quickly or irregularly), Shortness of breath.

• #8 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which there is an extra electrical pathway in the heart that leads to periods of rapid heart rate (tachycardia). […] WPW syndrome is one of the most common causes of fast heart rate problems in infants and children. […] How often a rapid heart rate occurs varies depending on the person. Some people with WPW syndrome have only a few episodes of rapid heart rate. Others may have the rapid heart rate once or twice a week or more. Also, there may be no symptoms at all, so that condition is found when a heart test is done for another reason. […] A person with this syndrome may have: Chest pain or chest tightness, Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Fainting, Palpitations (a sensation of feeling your heart beating, usually quickly or irregularly), Shortness of breath. […] Very rapid heartbeats, a complication of Wolff-Parkinson-White, can result in severe hypotension and syncope, or loss of consciousness.

• #9 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome symptoms vary. Most people dont have any symptoms. But some people feel symptoms daily for a few seconds to a few hours. Others may feel them several times a year. […] You may experience: Anxiety. Chest pain. Dizziness. Fainting. Fatigue. Heart palpitations that last for just a few seconds or a few hours. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] Each year, about 1% to 2% of people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). […] People can injure themselves when they faint. Some people may experience low blood pressure during episodes of rapid heartbeat. A rare complication of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is sudden cardiac death. […] If you experience rapid heartbeat frequently with symptoms like dizziness or passing out, your healthcare provider may recommend: Radiofrequency ablation a type of catheter ablation uses energy to destroy a small amount of heart tissue and restore a regular heartbeat. Cardioversion helps stop an abnormal heartbeat if you have abnormal rhythms such as SVT and restores regular heart rhythm. Medication (chemical cardioversion) brings your rapid heartbeat under control or keeps your heartbeat regular over time.

• #10 WPW syndrome: Rare cause of sudden cardiac death in young people – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354626

  In Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, an extra electrical pathway between the heart’s upper chambers and lower chambers causes a fast heartbeat. […] The most common symptom of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart rate greater than 100 beats a minute. […] In WPW syndrome, the fast heartbeat can begin suddenly. It may last a few seconds or several hours. Episodes may occur during exercise or while at rest. […] Other symptoms of WPW syndrome may depend on the speed of the heartbeat and the underlying heart rhythm disorder. […] In general, symptoms of WPW syndrome include: Rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats. Chest pain. Difficulty breathing. Dizziness or lightheadedness. Fainting. Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Anxiety. […] Infants with WPW may have other symptoms, such as: Blue or gray skin, lips and nails. Restlessness or irritability. Rapid breathing. Poor eating. […] Some people with an extra electrical pathway don’t have symptoms of a fast heartbeat. This condition is called Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern. It’s often discovered by chance during a heart test. […] WPW syndrome has been linked to sudden cardiac death in children and young adults.

• #11 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://www.myactivehealth.com/hwcontent/content/special/te7181abc.html

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart rhythm problem that causes a very fast heart rate. […] People with WPW can have a heart rate of 160 to 220 beats per minute. Also, they are more likely to have atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. When they do, the electrical impulses can travel down the bypass tract and cause the heart to beat at rates of more than 250 to 300 times per minute. This may result in fainting (syncope) or cause sudden death. […] Symptoms include the sense of feeling the heart beat rapidly (palpitations), lightheadedness, fainting, and dizziness. […] Symptoms may start during the teen or young adult years. […] How often a person has an episode of rapid heart rate varies. A person may have episodes of rapid heart rate once or twice a week, have rare episodes, or never have symptoms. […] Episodes of WPW can trigger a life-threatening heart rhythm called ventricular fibrillation, although this is extremely rare.

• #12 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome | CardioSecur

  https://www.cardiosecur.com/magazine/specialist-articles-on-the-heart/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  WPW can occur without any symptoms, and is often only diagnosed by chance. However, it can also present with sudden attacks of a racing heart (paroxysmal tachycardia), which typically self-terminate just as abruptly. Those affected view these beats as harmless, but strongly annoying. Tachycardia can present both at rest and when undergoing physical exertion. When palpitations are felt, dizziness and a general feeling of unwell may follow. This can precede unconsciousness or syncope. […] Tachycardia ensues, leading to a heart rate between 160 and 240 beats per minute. The medical term is an Atrioventricular Reentry Tachycardia (AVRT).

• #13 WPW syndrome: Rare cause of sudden cardiac death in young people – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354626

  In Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, an extra electrical pathway between the heart’s upper chambers and lower chambers causes a fast heartbeat. […] The most common symptom of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart rate greater than 100 beats a minute. […] In WPW syndrome, the fast heartbeat can begin suddenly. It may last a few seconds or several hours. Episodes may occur during exercise or while at rest. […] Other symptoms of WPW syndrome may depend on the speed of the heartbeat and the underlying heart rhythm disorder. […] In general, symptoms of WPW syndrome include: Rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats. Chest pain. Difficulty breathing. Dizziness or lightheadedness. Fainting. Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Anxiety. […] Infants with WPW may have other symptoms, such as: Blue or gray skin, lips and nails. Restlessness or irritability. Rapid breathing. Poor eating. […] Some people with an extra electrical pathway don’t have symptoms of a fast heartbeat. This condition is called Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern. It’s often discovered by chance during a heart test. […] WPW syndrome has been linked to sudden cardiac death in children and young adults.

• #14 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition that causes the heart to beat abnormally fast for periods of time. […] Sometimes the extra electrical connection won’t cause any symptoms and may only be picked up when an electrocardiogram (ECG) test is carried out for another reason. […] Many people will have no symptoms or only experience occasional, mild episodes of their heart racing. […] If you have WPW syndrome, you may experience episodes where your heart suddenly starts racing, before stopping or slowing down abruptly. This rapid heart rate is called supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] During an episode, you may experience symptoms such as: a pounding or fluttering heartbeat (heart palpitations), feeling lightheaded or dizzy, shortness of breath, chest pain, passing out (fainting).

• #15 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome symptoms vary. Most people dont have any symptoms. But some people feel symptoms daily for a few seconds to a few hours. Others may feel them several times a year. […] You may experience: Anxiety. Chest pain. Dizziness. Fainting. Fatigue. Heart palpitations that last for just a few seconds or a few hours. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] Each year, about 1% to 2% of people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). […] People can injure themselves when they faint. Some people may experience low blood pressure during episodes of rapid heartbeat. A rare complication of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is sudden cardiac death. […] If you experience rapid heartbeat frequently with symptoms like dizziness or passing out, your healthcare provider may recommend: Radiofrequency ablation a type of catheter ablation uses energy to destroy a small amount of heart tissue and restore a regular heartbeat. Cardioversion helps stop an abnormal heartbeat if you have abnormal rhythms such as SVT and restores regular heart rhythm. Medication (chemical cardioversion) brings your rapid heartbeat under control or keeps your heartbeat regular over time.

• #16 Arrhythmias – Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a conduction disorder that can make your heart beat too quickly or with an irregular rhythm. This is called an arrhythmia, and it can be life-threatening. […] If you have WPW syndrome, you may not have any symptoms of an arrhythmia. If you do have symptoms, you may notice that they change over time. For example, you may develop symptoms, or your symptoms may go away, as you get older. Sometimes the first sign of WPW is a life-threatening arrhythmia or sudden cardiac arrest. […] Your symptoms may include: Palpitations, or feeling your heart beat fast; Chest pain or tightness; Shortness of breath; Dizziness and fainting. […] If left untreated, WPW syndrome can cause the following problems: Heart failure; Serious arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation; Cardiac arrest, which can be fatal and is more common in boys and men and in people who have other heart conditions.

• #17 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition that causes the heart to beat abnormally fast for periods of time. […] Sometimes the extra electrical connection won’t cause any symptoms and may only be picked up when an electrocardiogram (ECG) test is carried out for another reason. […] Many people will have no symptoms or only experience occasional, mild episodes of their heart racing. […] If you have WPW syndrome, you may experience episodes where your heart suddenly starts racing, before stopping or slowing down abruptly. This rapid heart rate is called supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] During an episode, you may experience symptoms such as: a pounding or fluttering heartbeat (heart palpitations), feeling lightheaded or dizzy, shortness of breath, chest pain, passing out (fainting).

• #18 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which there is an extra electrical pathway in the heart that leads to periods of rapid heart rate (tachycardia). […] WPW syndrome is one of the most common causes of fast heart rate problems in infants and children. […] How often a rapid heart rate occurs varies depending on the person. Some people with WPW syndrome have only a few episodes of rapid heart rate. Others may have the rapid heart rate once or twice a week or more. Also, there may be no symptoms at all, so that condition is found when a heart test is done for another reason. […] A person with this syndrome may have: Chest pain or chest tightness, Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Fainting, Palpitations (a sensation of feeling your heart beating, usually quickly or irregularly), Shortness of breath. […] Very rapid heartbeats, a complication of Wolff-Parkinson-White, can result in severe hypotension and syncope, or loss of consciousness.

• #19 Arrhythmias – Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a conduction disorder that can make your heart beat too quickly or with an irregular rhythm. This is called an arrhythmia, and it can be life-threatening. […] If you have WPW syndrome, you may not have any symptoms of an arrhythmia. If you do have symptoms, you may notice that they change over time. For example, you may develop symptoms, or your symptoms may go away, as you get older. Sometimes the first sign of WPW is a life-threatening arrhythmia or sudden cardiac arrest. […] Your symptoms may include: Palpitations, or feeling your heart beat fast; Chest pain or tightness; Shortness of breath; Dizziness and fainting. […] If left untreated, WPW syndrome can cause the following problems: Heart failure; Serious arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation; Cardiac arrest, which can be fatal and is more common in boys and men and in people who have other heart conditions.

• #20 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  These episodes can last for seconds, minutes or hours. […] They normally occur randomly, without any identifiable cause, but they can sometimes be triggered by strenuous exercise or drinking a lot of alcohol or caffeine. […] In many cases, episodes of abnormal heart activity associated with WPW syndrome are harmless, don’t last long, and settle down on their own without treatment. […] If your cardiologist recommends treatment, there are a number of options available. You can have treatment to either stop episodes when they occur, or prevent them occurring in the future.

• #21 WPW syndrome: Rare cause of sudden cardiac death in young people – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354626

  In Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, an extra electrical pathway between the heart’s upper chambers and lower chambers causes a fast heartbeat. […] The most common symptom of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart rate greater than 100 beats a minute. […] In WPW syndrome, the fast heartbeat can begin suddenly. It may last a few seconds or several hours. Episodes may occur during exercise or while at rest. […] Other symptoms of WPW syndrome may depend on the speed of the heartbeat and the underlying heart rhythm disorder. […] In general, symptoms of WPW syndrome include: Rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats. Chest pain. Difficulty breathing. Dizziness or lightheadedness. Fainting. Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Anxiety. […] Infants with WPW may have other symptoms, such as: Blue or gray skin, lips and nails. Restlessness or irritability. Rapid breathing. Poor eating. […] Some people with an extra electrical pathway don’t have symptoms of a fast heartbeat. This condition is called Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern. It’s often discovered by chance during a heart test. […] WPW syndrome has been linked to sudden cardiac death in children and young adults.

• #22 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW) – Symptoms, Tests & Treatments – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart condition affecting your heart’s rhythm. It makes your heart have episodes where it beats abnormally fast. […] Some people don’t experience any symptoms. They have WPW pattern but haven’t experienced a fast heart rate (tachycardia). […] If people do get symptoms, they can include: palpitations (a pounding or fluttering feeling in your chest or neck), feeling light-headed, dizzy or faint (pre syncope), fainting (known as syncope), shortness of breath, feeling anxious, sweating, chest pain or discomfort. […] Symptoms will affect people differently. They can affect people for minutes, seconds or hours. In a few cases they can last for days. […] They can sometimes be triggered by strenuous exercise, stress, caffeine or drinking alcohol. […] For many people with WPW syndrome, their episodes of a fast heartbeat are short, harmless and settle down on their own. You might not need any treatment if your symptoms are mild or rare.

• #23 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554437/

  Some accessory pathways will not manifest the described typical ECG findings, and as a result, some patients can develop a tachyarrhythmia with no prior ECG evidence that the pathway exists. […] Patients with WPW pattern who develop a tachyarrhythmia will often experience symptoms associated with the arrhythmia including palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, dizziness, lightheadedness, presyncope, syncope, collapse, and/or sudden death. […] The incidence of patients with the WPW pattern progressing to arrhythmia is thought to be around 1% to 2% per year, and WPW syndrome prevalence peaks from age 20 to 24. […] Patients that present with a symptomatic tachyarrhythmia or an episode concerning recent arrhythmia will require an ECG to assess current cardiac rate, rhythm, and morphology but will also require further evaluation.

• #24 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cardiovascular-disease/heart-disease/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is most common in children who are born with a heart condition (congenital heart disease), but it can also occur in those without. […] Most people experience symptoms between the ages of 30 and 40. […] WPW syndrome is a condition that makes the heart suddenly beat abnormally fast, in an abnormal heart rhythm called supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] Episodes can last for seconds, minutes, hours or, in rare cases, days. […] The frequency with which episodes occur can vary from person to person. Some people might have episodes on a daily basis, whereas others may only experience them occasionally. […] Children with the syndrome will often report having symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, and difficulty breathing. […] Adults often experience symptoms such as a pounding heartbeat that occurs suddenly, a pulse that’s too fast to count, and reduced ability to tolerate activity.

• #25 Quick Facts:Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/wolff-parkinson-white-wpw-syndrome

  WPW syndrome is an abnormal heart rhythm that causes your heart to beat too quickly. It’s a condition you’re born with that involves an extra, abnormal electrical path in your heart. When triggered, the extra path causes a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms include palpitations and feeling weak or short of breath. […] Even though you’re born with the extra electrical path, symptoms don’t usually start until you’re in your teens or early 20s. […] Symptoms usually start in your teens or early 20s, but they can start at any age. […] In babies, symptoms may include: Breathing problems, Acting overly tired, Not eating well. […] In teens and adults, symptoms may include: Feeling your heart racing, Sometimes fainting, Sometimes chest pain. […] Another abnormal heart rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation is a very dangerous for people with WPW syndrome. The combination of atrial fibrillation and WPW can lead to ventricular fibrillation, which is fatal unless treated immediately.

• #26 Arrhythmias – Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a conduction disorder that can make your heart beat too quickly or with an irregular rhythm. This is called an arrhythmia, and it can be life-threatening. […] If you have WPW syndrome, you may not have any symptoms of an arrhythmia. If you do have symptoms, you may notice that they change over time. For example, you may develop symptoms, or your symptoms may go away, as you get older. Sometimes the first sign of WPW is a life-threatening arrhythmia or sudden cardiac arrest. […] Your symptoms may include: Palpitations, or feeling your heart beat fast; Chest pain or tightness; Shortness of breath; Dizziness and fainting. […] If left untreated, WPW syndrome can cause the following problems: Heart failure; Serious arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation; Cardiac arrest, which can be fatal and is more common in boys and men and in people who have other heart conditions.

• #27 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Symptoms, Treatment, More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/arrhythmia/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a rare condition that causes an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia). With WPW syndrome, your heart may beat unusually fast. This increased heart rate is also known as tachycardia. […] WPW syndrome is an episodic condition. Symptoms can come and go. […] Possible symptoms of WPW syndrome include: sudden heart palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, fainting. […] Such symptoms can vary in intensity and duration between people with this condition. Sometimes, symptoms can last as little as a few seconds or as long as several hours. […] An estimated 40% of adults over 30 years old with WPW syndrome are asymptomatic, meaning they have no symptoms. […] Your outlook with WPW syndrome depends on its severity. Most people with this condition find that their symptoms change over time. Some people experience fewer or more frequent symptoms as they get older.

• #28 WPW syndrome: Rare cause of sudden cardiac death in young people – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354626

  In Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, an extra electrical pathway between the heart’s upper chambers and lower chambers causes a fast heartbeat. […] The most common symptom of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart rate greater than 100 beats a minute. […] In WPW syndrome, the fast heartbeat can begin suddenly. It may last a few seconds or several hours. Episodes may occur during exercise or while at rest. […] Other symptoms of WPW syndrome may depend on the speed of the heartbeat and the underlying heart rhythm disorder. […] In general, symptoms of WPW syndrome include: Rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats. Chest pain. Difficulty breathing. Dizziness or lightheadedness. Fainting. Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Anxiety. […] Infants with WPW may have other symptoms, such as: Blue or gray skin, lips and nails. Restlessness or irritability. Rapid breathing. Poor eating. […] Some people with an extra electrical pathway don’t have symptoms of a fast heartbeat. This condition is called Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern. It’s often discovered by chance during a heart test. […] WPW syndrome has been linked to sudden cardiac death in children and young adults.

• #29 Quick Facts:Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/wolff-parkinson-white-wpw-syndrome

  WPW syndrome is an abnormal heart rhythm that causes your heart to beat too quickly. It’s a condition you’re born with that involves an extra, abnormal electrical path in your heart. When triggered, the extra path causes a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms include palpitations and feeling weak or short of breath. […] Even though you’re born with the extra electrical path, symptoms don’t usually start until you’re in your teens or early 20s. […] Symptoms usually start in your teens or early 20s, but they can start at any age. […] In babies, symptoms may include: Breathing problems, Acting overly tired, Not eating well. […] In teens and adults, symptoms may include: Feeling your heart racing, Sometimes fainting, Sometimes chest pain. […] Another abnormal heart rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation is a very dangerous for people with WPW syndrome. The combination of atrial fibrillation and WPW can lead to ventricular fibrillation, which is fatal unless treated immediately.

• #30 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-wpw-syndrome?content_id=CON-20206635

  In WPW syndrome, the fast heartbeat can begin suddenly. It may last a few seconds or several hours. Episodes may occur during exercise or while at rest. […] Other symptoms of WPW syndrome may depend on the speed of the heartbeat and the underlying heart rhythm disorder. […] In general, symptoms of WPW syndrome include: Rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats. Chest pain. Difficulty breathing. Dizziness or lightheadedness. Fainting. Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Anxiety. […] Infants with WPW may have other symptoms, such as: Blue or gray skin, lips and nails. These changes may be harder or easier to see depending on skin color. Restlessness or irritability. Rapid breathing. Poor eating. […] Some people with an extra electrical pathway don’t have symptoms of a fast heartbeat. This condition is called Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern. It’s often discovered by chance during a heart test. […] WPW syndrome has been linked to sudden cardiac death in children and young adults.

• #31 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-wpw-syndrome?content_id=CON-20206635

  In WPW syndrome, the fast heartbeat can begin suddenly. It may last a few seconds or several hours. Episodes may occur during exercise or while at rest. […] Other symptoms of WPW syndrome may depend on the speed of the heartbeat and the underlying heart rhythm disorder. […] In general, symptoms of WPW syndrome include: Rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats. Chest pain. Difficulty breathing. Dizziness or lightheadedness. Fainting. Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Anxiety. […] Infants with WPW may have other symptoms, such as: Blue or gray skin, lips and nails. These changes may be harder or easier to see depending on skin color. Restlessness or irritability. Rapid breathing. Poor eating. […] Some people with an extra electrical pathway don’t have symptoms of a fast heartbeat. This condition is called Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern. It’s often discovered by chance during a heart test. […] WPW syndrome has been linked to sudden cardiac death in children and young adults.

• #32 Get Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Treatment | Cleveland Clinic Children’s

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/services/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-treatment

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a rare congenital (born with it) condition that causes the electrical signals in your child’s heart to travel a different way. This change can cause an arrhythmia, making their heart beat too fast. […] Your child may not have any symptoms at first. The most common WPW symptom is heart palpitations. Your child may also have: Chest pain, Dizziness and fainting, Shortness of breath. […] In rare cases, a child may go into an irregular fast heart rhythm (pre-excited atrial fibrillation), which can result in extremely fast heart rates, causing dizziness, fainting and in extreme cases, cardiac arrest (when the heart stops beating). […] Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome symptoms tend to appear as children get older. But some babies may show signs of the condition. Your baby may look bluish (tachypnea). You may also have trouble feeding your baby.

• #33 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/220163

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome occurs when there is a problem with the electrical pathway between one of the upper chambers of the heart, or atria, and one of the lower chambers, or ventricles. […] A person who has Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is born with the extra electrical pathway that affects the beat of their heart. […] People with WPW syndrome can experience symptoms at any age. Periods of tachycardia can cause: chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting. […] In rare instances, WPW syndrome can result in a cardiac arrest. At the other end of the scale, some people with WPW never have symptoms. […] The WPW pathway is usually present at birth, but not all infants have symptoms. An infant with the condition may show signs of: rapid breathing, inactivity, poor appetite, listlessness, rapid heartbeat.

• #34 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cardiovascular-disease/heart-disease/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is most common in children who are born with a heart condition (congenital heart disease), but it can also occur in those without. […] Most people experience symptoms between the ages of 30 and 40. […] WPW syndrome is a condition that makes the heart suddenly beat abnormally fast, in an abnormal heart rhythm called supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] Episodes can last for seconds, minutes, hours or, in rare cases, days. […] The frequency with which episodes occur can vary from person to person. Some people might have episodes on a daily basis, whereas others may only experience them occasionally. […] Children with the syndrome will often report having symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, and difficulty breathing. […] Adults often experience symptoms such as a pounding heartbeat that occurs suddenly, a pulse that’s too fast to count, and reduced ability to tolerate activity.

• #35 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Some children with WPW begin having symptoms shortly after birth or in early childhood. Other children with WPW may never have symptoms or may develop them later in childhood or even as adults. […] WPW syndrome can cause these problems with your child’s heartbeat: Their heart beats too quickly (tachycardia, pronounced tack-ih-CARD-ee-ah). Their heartbeat is irregular the speed and pattern change. They have palpitations. […] Because the heartbeat affects blood flow, arrhythmia sometimes causes these symptoms: Feeling faint, weak, lightheaded or dizzy, Being short of breath, Having chest pain, Sweating, Fainting (syncope). […] Rarely, children with WPW experience sudden cardiac arrest (the heart stops beating). In rare cases, this is the first symptom the child has.

• #36 WPW syndrome: Rare cause of sudden cardiac death in young people – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354626

  In Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, an extra electrical pathway between the heart’s upper chambers and lower chambers causes a fast heartbeat. […] The most common symptom of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart rate greater than 100 beats a minute. […] In WPW syndrome, the fast heartbeat can begin suddenly. It may last a few seconds or several hours. Episodes may occur during exercise or while at rest. […] Other symptoms of WPW syndrome may depend on the speed of the heartbeat and the underlying heart rhythm disorder. […] In general, symptoms of WPW syndrome include: Rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats. Chest pain. Difficulty breathing. Dizziness or lightheadedness. Fainting. Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Anxiety. […] Infants with WPW may have other symptoms, such as: Blue or gray skin, lips and nails. Restlessness or irritability. Rapid breathing. Poor eating. […] Some people with an extra electrical pathway don’t have symptoms of a fast heartbeat. This condition is called Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern. It’s often discovered by chance during a heart test. […] WPW syndrome has been linked to sudden cardiac death in children and young adults.

• #37 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW) – Symptoms, Tests & Treatments – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart condition affecting your heart’s rhythm. It makes your heart have episodes where it beats abnormally fast. […] Some people don’t experience any symptoms. They have WPW pattern but haven’t experienced a fast heart rate (tachycardia). […] If people do get symptoms, they can include: palpitations (a pounding or fluttering feeling in your chest or neck), feeling light-headed, dizzy or faint (pre syncope), fainting (known as syncope), shortness of breath, feeling anxious, sweating, chest pain or discomfort. […] Symptoms will affect people differently. They can affect people for minutes, seconds or hours. In a few cases they can last for days. […] They can sometimes be triggered by strenuous exercise, stress, caffeine or drinking alcohol. […] For many people with WPW syndrome, their episodes of a fast heartbeat are short, harmless and settle down on their own. You might not need any treatment if your symptoms are mild or rare.

• #38 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554437/

  Some accessory pathways will not manifest the described typical ECG findings, and as a result, some patients can develop a tachyarrhythmia with no prior ECG evidence that the pathway exists. […] Patients with WPW pattern who develop a tachyarrhythmia will often experience symptoms associated with the arrhythmia including palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, dizziness, lightheadedness, presyncope, syncope, collapse, and/or sudden death. […] The incidence of patients with the WPW pattern progressing to arrhythmia is thought to be around 1% to 2% per year, and WPW syndrome prevalence peaks from age 20 to 24. […] Patients that present with a symptomatic tachyarrhythmia or an episode concerning recent arrhythmia will require an ECG to assess current cardiac rate, rhythm, and morphology but will also require further evaluation.

• #39 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Symptoms, Treatment, More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/arrhythmia/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a rare condition that causes an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia). With WPW syndrome, your heart may beat unusually fast. This increased heart rate is also known as tachycardia. […] WPW syndrome is an episodic condition. Symptoms can come and go. […] Possible symptoms of WPW syndrome include: sudden heart palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, fainting. […] Such symptoms can vary in intensity and duration between people with this condition. Sometimes, symptoms can last as little as a few seconds or as long as several hours. […] An estimated 40% of adults over 30 years old with WPW syndrome are asymptomatic, meaning they have no symptoms. […] Your outlook with WPW syndrome depends on its severity. Most people with this condition find that their symptoms change over time. Some people experience fewer or more frequent symptoms as they get older.

• #40 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554437/

  Some accessory pathways will not manifest the described typical ECG findings, and as a result, some patients can develop a tachyarrhythmia with no prior ECG evidence that the pathway exists. […] Patients with WPW pattern who develop a tachyarrhythmia will often experience symptoms associated with the arrhythmia including palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, dizziness, lightheadedness, presyncope, syncope, collapse, and/or sudden death. […] The incidence of patients with the WPW pattern progressing to arrhythmia is thought to be around 1% to 2% per year, and WPW syndrome prevalence peaks from age 20 to 24. […] Patients that present with a symptomatic tachyarrhythmia or an episode concerning recent arrhythmia will require an ECG to assess current cardiac rate, rhythm, and morphology but will also require further evaluation.

• #41 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome symptoms vary. Most people dont have any symptoms. But some people feel symptoms daily for a few seconds to a few hours. Others may feel them several times a year. […] You may experience: Anxiety. Chest pain. Dizziness. Fainting. Fatigue. Heart palpitations that last for just a few seconds or a few hours. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] Each year, about 1% to 2% of people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). […] People can injure themselves when they faint. Some people may experience low blood pressure during episodes of rapid heartbeat. A rare complication of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is sudden cardiac death. […] If you experience rapid heartbeat frequently with symptoms like dizziness or passing out, your healthcare provider may recommend: Radiofrequency ablation a type of catheter ablation uses energy to destroy a small amount of heart tissue and restore a regular heartbeat. Cardioversion helps stop an abnormal heartbeat if you have abnormal rhythms such as SVT and restores regular heart rhythm. Medication (chemical cardioversion) brings your rapid heartbeat under control or keeps your heartbeat regular over time.

• #42 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-clinical

  In patients with WPW syndrome, the tachycardia that produces symptoms may be a supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), AF, or atrial flutter. In a series of 212 patients with tachyarrhythmias and WPW syndrome, SVT alone occurred in 64%, AF alone occurred in 20%, and both occurred in 16% of patients. […] SVT in WPW syndrome may begin in childhood or may not appear clinically until the patient reaches middle age. The clinical course can be unpredictable, as SVT induction depends upon changes in accessory pathway and often AV node EP properties that can vary with time. […] Light-headedness and near syncope appear to occur more commonly in persons with WPW syndrome who have paroxysmal SVT (PSVT) or atrial fibrillation than in those with atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry. […] Syncope can occur because of inadequate cerebral circulation due to a rapid ventricular rate or because the tachyarrhythmia is depressing the sinus pacemaker, causing a period of asystole at the point of tachycardia termination. […] PSVT can be followed after termination by polyuria, which is due to atrial dilatation and release of atrial natriuretic factor.

• #43 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW Syndrome) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/specific-cardiac-arrhythmias/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw-syndrome

  Patients with WPW syndrome may also experience rapidly conducted supraventricular arrhythmias such as 1:1 conduction of atrial flutter or rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation wherein symptoms of hemodynamic compromise, including syncope are more common. […] Rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation may also induce ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. This risk is low (approximately 1%) but is more likely to occur in adolescence. […] Between episodes of arrhythmia, examination is normal. […] Long-term therapy of patients who have had a documented WPW syndrome-related tachyarrhythmia (or symptoms highly suggestive thereof) is with catheter ablation of the accessory AV connection(s). […] Episodes of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia underlie symptoms of palpitations, chest pain, and sometimes syncope. In patients with WPW syndrome who develop atrial fibrillation, excessively rapid ventricular response rates can lead to ventricular fibrillation and sudden death.

• #44 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: What Treatment?

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-what-treatment

  A 29-year-old man presents with a recent episode of light-headedness of sudden onset. Although he denies associated loss of consciousness, witnesses report that he was briefly unresponsive to verbal stimuli. He also denies chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, and diaphoresis; he is currently asymptomatic. […] ECG reveals a Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern, with characteristic short PR interval and preexcitation delta wave. […] Although most patients with WPW pattern remain asymptomatic, some–such as this patient–experience palpitations, light-headedness, and syncope resulting from tachyarrhythmias. These latter patients have WPW syndrome, which is associated with a small (0.1% to 0.6%) but significant risk of sudden death. […] The most common type of tachycardia seen in WPW syndrome is PSVT, which occurs in 80% of affected patients. Atrial fibrillation occurs in 15% to 30% of patients with WPW syndrome, and atrial flutter occurs in 5%.

• #45 Pre-excitation syndromes • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis

  https://litfl.com/pre-excitation-syndromes-ecg-library/

  WPW Syndrome refers to the presence of a congenital accessory pathway (AP) and episodes of tachyarrhythmias. The term is often used interchangeablely with pre-excitation syndrome […] Associated with a small risk of sudden cardiac death […] Note that the features of pre-excitation may be subtle, or present only intermittently. Pre-excitation may be more pronounced with increased vagal tone e.g. during Valsalva manoeuvres, or with AV blockade e.g. drug therapy […] There are only two main forms of tachyarrhythmias that occur in patients with WPW these are discussed separately: Atrial fibrillation or flutter. Due to direct conduction from atria to ventricles via an AP, bypassing the AV node […] Atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia (AVRT). Due to formation of a re-entry circuit involving the AP.

• #46 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW Syndrome) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/specific-cardiac-arrhythmias/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw-syndrome

  Classic (manifest) Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is due to an accessory atrioventricular connection that produces a prototypical ECG consisting of a short PR interval, a wide QRS complex with an initial slurred component (delta wave), and secondary repolarization changes in association with symptomatic reentrant (paroxysmal) supraventricular tachycardia. […] Reentrant (paroxysmal) supraventricular tachycardia produces sudden episodes of palpitations that begin and terminate abruptly; some patients have dyspnea or chest discomfort. […] Most patients present with symptoms of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia during young adulthood or middle age. They typically have episodes of sudden-onset, sudden-offset, rapid, regular palpitations often associated with symptoms of hemodynamic compromise (eg, dyspnea, chest discomfort, light-headedness).

• #47 Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome (WPW): Atrio-ventricular Reentry Tachycardia – AF-ABLATION

  https://af-ablation.org/en/arrhythmological-disorders/supraventricular-tachycardia/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw-atrio-ventricular-reentry-tachycardia/

  In asymptomatic patients with WPW, the percentage of SD is low and is estimated at about 1:1,000 patient-years. […] In a young symptomatic patient with WPW syndrome, the incidence of SD during life was estimated at 3-4%. […] In WPW syndrome, ventricular atrium re-entry tachycardia is a macro-reentrant tachycardia that recognizes two anatomically defined conduction pathways: The Hissian node system and the accessory pathway itself. […] It is sufficient that between these two ways there is a difference in the refractory period or in the conduction speed for a return circuit to be created. […] The episodes of recurrent SVT can start from early childhood, but their onset is more frequent during adolescence or adulthood; paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, on the other hand, appears almost exclusively in adults.

• #48 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-clinical

  In patients with WPW syndrome, the tachycardia that produces symptoms may be a supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), AF, or atrial flutter. In a series of 212 patients with tachyarrhythmias and WPW syndrome, SVT alone occurred in 64%, AF alone occurred in 20%, and both occurred in 16% of patients. […] SVT in WPW syndrome may begin in childhood or may not appear clinically until the patient reaches middle age. The clinical course can be unpredictable, as SVT induction depends upon changes in accessory pathway and often AV node EP properties that can vary with time. […] Light-headedness and near syncope appear to occur more commonly in persons with WPW syndrome who have paroxysmal SVT (PSVT) or atrial fibrillation than in those with atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry. […] Syncope can occur because of inadequate cerebral circulation due to a rapid ventricular rate or because the tachyarrhythmia is depressing the sinus pacemaker, causing a period of asystole at the point of tachycardia termination. […] PSVT can be followed after termination by polyuria, which is due to atrial dilatation and release of atrial natriuretic factor.

• #49 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: What Treatment?

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-what-treatment

  A 29-year-old man presents with a recent episode of light-headedness of sudden onset. Although he denies associated loss of consciousness, witnesses report that he was briefly unresponsive to verbal stimuli. He also denies chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, and diaphoresis; he is currently asymptomatic. […] ECG reveals a Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern, with characteristic short PR interval and preexcitation delta wave. […] Although most patients with WPW pattern remain asymptomatic, some–such as this patient–experience palpitations, light-headedness, and syncope resulting from tachyarrhythmias. These latter patients have WPW syndrome, which is associated with a small (0.1% to 0.6%) but significant risk of sudden death. […] The most common type of tachycardia seen in WPW syndrome is PSVT, which occurs in 80% of affected patients. Atrial fibrillation occurs in 15% to 30% of patients with WPW syndrome, and atrial flutter occurs in 5%.

• #50 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/wolff-parkinson-white-wpw-syndrome

  In older people, episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia due to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome tend to cause more symptoms, such as fainting, shortness of breath, and chest pain. […] Atrial fibrillation may be particularly dangerous for people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The extra pathway can conduct the rapid impulses to the ventricles at a much faster rate than the normal pathway (through the atrioventricular node) can. The result is an extremely fast ventricular rate that may be life threatening. Not only is the heart very inefficient when it beats so rapidly, but this extremely fast heart rate may also progress to ventricular fibrillation, which causes death unless treated immediately.

• #51 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW Syndrome) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/specific-cardiac-arrhythmias/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw-syndrome

  Patients with WPW syndrome may also experience rapidly conducted supraventricular arrhythmias such as 1:1 conduction of atrial flutter or rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation wherein symptoms of hemodynamic compromise, including syncope are more common. […] Rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation may also induce ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. This risk is low (approximately 1%) but is more likely to occur in adolescence. […] Between episodes of arrhythmia, examination is normal. […] Long-term therapy of patients who have had a documented WPW syndrome-related tachyarrhythmia (or symptoms highly suggestive thereof) is with catheter ablation of the accessory AV connection(s). […] Episodes of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia underlie symptoms of palpitations, chest pain, and sometimes syncope. In patients with WPW syndrome who develop atrial fibrillation, excessively rapid ventricular response rates can lead to ventricular fibrillation and sudden death.

• #52 Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Patients with WPW syndrome may experience a type of arrhythmia known as anterograde conduction over the accessory pathway when atrial flutter is present. Some of these pathways have shorter refractory periods than the AV node, which can lead to ventricular rates as high as 300 beats per minute. This rapid stimulation rate is not well tolerated and can result in ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest even in young, otherwise healthy individuals. […] Patients with WPW syndrome and accompanying arrhythmias are typically recommended to undergo an invasive electrophysiologic study with radiofrequency ablation of the accessory pathway. This process includes introducing a thin, pliable tube (catheter) into a blood vessel in the groin and up to the heart for pinpointing and eliminating the extra electrical pathway that is causing WPW syndrome. Ablation has been shown to be highly successful in curing this condition, however, there may be instances where repeat procedures or medical management through anti-arrhythmic medications may be necessary.

• #53 Quick Facts:Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/wolff-parkinson-white-wpw-syndrome

  WPW syndrome is an abnormal heart rhythm that causes your heart to beat too quickly. It’s a condition you’re born with that involves an extra, abnormal electrical path in your heart. When triggered, the extra path causes a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms include palpitations and feeling weak or short of breath. […] Even though you’re born with the extra electrical path, symptoms don’t usually start until you’re in your teens or early 20s. […] Symptoms usually start in your teens or early 20s, but they can start at any age. […] In babies, symptoms may include: Breathing problems, Acting overly tired, Not eating well. […] In teens and adults, symptoms may include: Feeling your heart racing, Sometimes fainting, Sometimes chest pain. […] Another abnormal heart rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation is a very dangerous for people with WPW syndrome. The combination of atrial fibrillation and WPW can lead to ventricular fibrillation, which is fatal unless treated immediately.

• #54 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  These episodes can last for seconds, minutes or hours. […] They normally occur randomly, without any identifiable cause, but they can sometimes be triggered by strenuous exercise or drinking a lot of alcohol or caffeine. […] In many cases, episodes of abnormal heart activity associated with WPW syndrome are harmless, don’t last long, and settle down on their own without treatment. […] If your cardiologist recommends treatment, there are a number of options available. You can have treatment to either stop episodes when they occur, or prevent them occurring in the future.

• #55 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW) – Symptoms, Tests & Treatments – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart condition affecting your heart’s rhythm. It makes your heart have episodes where it beats abnormally fast. […] Some people don’t experience any symptoms. They have WPW pattern but haven’t experienced a fast heart rate (tachycardia). […] If people do get symptoms, they can include: palpitations (a pounding or fluttering feeling in your chest or neck), feeling light-headed, dizzy or faint (pre syncope), fainting (known as syncope), shortness of breath, feeling anxious, sweating, chest pain or discomfort. […] Symptoms will affect people differently. They can affect people for minutes, seconds or hours. In a few cases they can last for days. […] They can sometimes be triggered by strenuous exercise, stress, caffeine or drinking alcohol. […] For many people with WPW syndrome, their episodes of a fast heartbeat are short, harmless and settle down on their own. You might not need any treatment if your symptoms are mild or rare.

• #56 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  These episodes can last for seconds, minutes or hours. […] They normally occur randomly, without any identifiable cause, but they can sometimes be triggered by strenuous exercise or drinking a lot of alcohol or caffeine. […] In many cases, episodes of abnormal heart activity associated with WPW syndrome are harmless, don’t last long, and settle down on their own without treatment. […] If your cardiologist recommends treatment, there are a number of options available. You can have treatment to either stop episodes when they occur, or prevent them occurring in the future.

• #57 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome Phoenix AZ | Heart Doctor Scottsdale

  https://heartbeataz.com/services/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-wpw-syndrome-arizona/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome refers to a rapid heartbeat caused by an extra electrical pathway between the heart’s upper and lower chambers. This is rare and typically present at birth. An extra electrical pathway may not always cause symptoms, but when it does, serious heart problems can occur, making the management of a rapid heart rate very important. […] Symptoms of WPW syndrome can occur with any age, including infants, but most commonly begin in the teens and 20s. Common symptoms include: Rapid, fluttering heartbeats, Dizziness and lightheadedness, Shortness of breath, Fainting, Fatigue and weakness, Anxiety. […] Episodes of WPW syndrome can be triggered by stimulants like caffeine or alcohol, may appear or worsen during exercise, and can last from a few seconds to several hours. For about 25% of cases, symptoms of WPW syndrome may disappear with age. But for others, more serious symptoms like chest pain, chest tightness, fainting, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms should be discussed with your doctor right away.

• #58 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – Heart Condition | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart condition. People who have WPW syndrome are born with an extra electrical pathway in their heart. It changes the rhythm of their heartbeat. That’s called an arrhythmia. They may experience a very fast heartbeat (called tachycardia) for periods of time. Symptoms can start without warning. However, certain things may trigger them, including caffeine, alcohol, and stimulants. The condition is rare and affects all ages, including infants. […] Some people who have WPW syndrome never experience any symptoms. They don’t know they have the condition. Most people don’t notice symptoms until they are in their teens or early twenties. That’s when the symptoms commonly appear for the first time. If you have WPW syndrome, you may experience: Unexplained anxiety, Palpitations (rapid thumping or fluttering) in the chest, Feeling tired (fatigue), Feeling light-headed or dizzy, Loss of consciousness (passing out), Shortness of breath, Chest pain. Infants may experience a change of color on their skin (pale gray), irritability, rapid breathing, and loss of appetite. An episode of rapid heartbeat can last a few seconds to a few hours.

• #59 WPW syndrome: Rare cause of sudden cardiac death in young people – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354626

  In Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, an extra electrical pathway between the heart’s upper chambers and lower chambers causes a fast heartbeat. […] The most common symptom of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart rate greater than 100 beats a minute. […] In WPW syndrome, the fast heartbeat can begin suddenly. It may last a few seconds or several hours. Episodes may occur during exercise or while at rest. […] Other symptoms of WPW syndrome may depend on the speed of the heartbeat and the underlying heart rhythm disorder. […] In general, symptoms of WPW syndrome include: Rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats. Chest pain. Difficulty breathing. Dizziness or lightheadedness. Fainting. Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Anxiety. […] Infants with WPW may have other symptoms, such as: Blue or gray skin, lips and nails. Restlessness or irritability. Rapid breathing. Poor eating. […] Some people with an extra electrical pathway don’t have symptoms of a fast heartbeat. This condition is called Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern. It’s often discovered by chance during a heart test. […] WPW syndrome has been linked to sudden cardiac death in children and young adults.

• #60 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cardiovascular-disease/heart-disease/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is most common in children who are born with a heart condition (congenital heart disease), but it can also occur in those without. […] Most people experience symptoms between the ages of 30 and 40. […] WPW syndrome is a condition that makes the heart suddenly beat abnormally fast, in an abnormal heart rhythm called supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] Episodes can last for seconds, minutes, hours or, in rare cases, days. […] The frequency with which episodes occur can vary from person to person. Some people might have episodes on a daily basis, whereas others may only experience them occasionally. […] Children with the syndrome will often report having symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, and difficulty breathing. […] Adults often experience symptoms such as a pounding heartbeat that occurs suddenly, a pulse that’s too fast to count, and reduced ability to tolerate activity.

• #61 Arrhythmias – Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a conduction disorder that can make your heart beat too quickly or with an irregular rhythm. This is called an arrhythmia, and it can be life-threatening. […] If you have WPW syndrome, you may not have any symptoms of an arrhythmia. If you do have symptoms, you may notice that they change over time. For example, you may develop symptoms, or your symptoms may go away, as you get older. Sometimes the first sign of WPW is a life-threatening arrhythmia or sudden cardiac arrest. […] Your symptoms may include: Palpitations, or feeling your heart beat fast; Chest pain or tightness; Shortness of breath; Dizziness and fainting. […] If left untreated, WPW syndrome can cause the following problems: Heart failure; Serious arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation; Cardiac arrest, which can be fatal and is more common in boys and men and in people who have other heart conditions.

• #62 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-pro

  WPW syndrome may begin in childhood or not appear clinically until middle age. […] Asymptomatic: may be detected on incidental ECG. […] Symptomatic: palpitations, light-headedness or syncope. […] In one study of patients under 21 years of age with WPW on ECG, 64% had symptoms at presentation and 20% developed symptoms during follow-up. […] The tachycardia that produces symptoms may be an SVT, atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. […] Sudden death: from deterioration of pre-excited atrial fibrillation into ventricular fibrillation (this is rare and discussed in more detail later in the leaflet). […] Clinical features of associated cardiac defects may be present – eg, mitral valve prolapse, cardiomyopathy. […] Prognosis is usually very good once treated. Catheter ablation may be curative.

• #63 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Symptoms, Treatment, More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/arrhythmia/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a rare condition that causes an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia). With WPW syndrome, your heart may beat unusually fast. This increased heart rate is also known as tachycardia. […] WPW syndrome is an episodic condition. Symptoms can come and go. […] Possible symptoms of WPW syndrome include: sudden heart palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, fainting. […] Such symptoms can vary in intensity and duration between people with this condition. Sometimes, symptoms can last as little as a few seconds or as long as several hours. […] An estimated 40% of adults over 30 years old with WPW syndrome are asymptomatic, meaning they have no symptoms. […] Your outlook with WPW syndrome depends on its severity. Most people with this condition find that their symptoms change over time. Some people experience fewer or more frequent symptoms as they get older.

• #64 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-pro

  The prognosis depends on the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the accessory pathway rather than on symptoms. […] Sudden cardiac death is rare but may occur due to arrhythmia or the management of arrhythmia with inappropriate drugs. […] In asymptomatic patients, the capacity for antegrade conduction across the accessory pathway often decreases with age. This is probably due to fibrotic changes at the site of insertion of the accessory bypass tract.

• #65 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome Phoenix AZ | Heart Doctor Scottsdale

  https://heartbeataz.com/services/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-wpw-syndrome-arizona/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome refers to a rapid heartbeat caused by an extra electrical pathway between the heart’s upper and lower chambers. This is rare and typically present at birth. An extra electrical pathway may not always cause symptoms, but when it does, serious heart problems can occur, making the management of a rapid heart rate very important. […] Symptoms of WPW syndrome can occur with any age, including infants, but most commonly begin in the teens and 20s. Common symptoms include: Rapid, fluttering heartbeats, Dizziness and lightheadedness, Shortness of breath, Fainting, Fatigue and weakness, Anxiety. […] Episodes of WPW syndrome can be triggered by stimulants like caffeine or alcohol, may appear or worsen during exercise, and can last from a few seconds to several hours. For about 25% of cases, symptoms of WPW syndrome may disappear with age. But for others, more serious symptoms like chest pain, chest tightness, fainting, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms should be discussed with your doctor right away.

• #66 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-pro

  The prognosis depends on the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the accessory pathway rather than on symptoms. […] Sudden cardiac death is rare but may occur due to arrhythmia or the management of arrhythmia with inappropriate drugs. […] In asymptomatic patients, the capacity for antegrade conduction across the accessory pathway often decreases with age. This is probably due to fibrotic changes at the site of insertion of the accessory bypass tract.

• #67 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is characterised by attacks of rapid heart rate (tachycardia). […] The symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome include: episodes of markedly accelerated heart rate (usually faster than 200 beats per minute), heart palpitations, tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, drop in blood pressure, light-headedness, dizziness, fainting spells. […] In some children the problem may resolve on its own, usually within the first few years of life. If it persists then most individuals will require treatment. […] Medications to control the heart rate dont always work, or may cause unwanted side effects. Removing the extra pathway, via catheterisation, usually cures the disorder.

• #68 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-pro

  WPW syndrome may begin in childhood or not appear clinically until middle age. […] Asymptomatic: may be detected on incidental ECG. […] Symptomatic: palpitations, light-headedness or syncope. […] In one study of patients under 21 years of age with WPW on ECG, 64% had symptoms at presentation and 20% developed symptoms during follow-up. […] The tachycardia that produces symptoms may be an SVT, atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. […] Sudden death: from deterioration of pre-excited atrial fibrillation into ventricular fibrillation (this is rare and discussed in more detail later in the leaflet). […] Clinical features of associated cardiac defects may be present – eg, mitral valve prolapse, cardiomyopathy. […] Prognosis is usually very good once treated. Catheter ablation may be curative.

• #69 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-overview

  Patients with WPW syndrome are potentially at an increased risk of dangerous ventricular arrhythmias as a consequence of conduction across the bypass tract resulting in a very rapid and chaotic depolarization of the ventricle if they develop atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation (AF). […] Only a small percentage of patients with WPW syndrome (1%) are at risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). In patients who present with preexcited AF, cardiac electrophysiologic studies and radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation may be curative. Other presentations include symptomatic SVT, which can also be cured by catheter ablation. Asymptomatic patients need periodic observation. The onset of cardiac arrhythmias, and possibly the sudden death risk, may be eliminated by prophylactic catheter ablation as well.

• #70 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: What Treatment?

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-what-treatment

  A 29-year-old man presents with a recent episode of light-headedness of sudden onset. Although he denies associated loss of consciousness, witnesses report that he was briefly unresponsive to verbal stimuli. He also denies chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, and diaphoresis; he is currently asymptomatic. […] ECG reveals a Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern, with characteristic short PR interval and preexcitation delta wave. […] Although most patients with WPW pattern remain asymptomatic, some–such as this patient–experience palpitations, light-headedness, and syncope resulting from tachyarrhythmias. These latter patients have WPW syndrome, which is associated with a small (0.1% to 0.6%) but significant risk of sudden death. […] The most common type of tachycardia seen in WPW syndrome is PSVT, which occurs in 80% of affected patients. Atrial fibrillation occurs in 15% to 30% of patients with WPW syndrome, and atrial flutter occurs in 5%.

• #71 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-overview

  Patients with WPW syndrome are potentially at an increased risk of dangerous ventricular arrhythmias as a consequence of conduction across the bypass tract resulting in a very rapid and chaotic depolarization of the ventricle if they develop atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation (AF). […] Only a small percentage of patients with WPW syndrome (1%) are at risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). In patients who present with preexcited AF, cardiac electrophysiologic studies and radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation may be curative. Other presentations include symptomatic SVT, which can also be cured by catheter ablation. Asymptomatic patients need periodic observation. The onset of cardiac arrhythmias, and possibly the sudden death risk, may be eliminated by prophylactic catheter ablation as well.

• #72 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: Diagnostic and management strategies | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/92/2/119

  An accessory pathway can go undetected until the patient develops symptoms such as palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, lightheadedness, and syncope associated with arrhythmias. […] A distinction: WPW pattern is diagnosed in patients who have no symptoms but who do have the aforementioned electrocardiographic signs, while a diagnosis of WPW syndrome means the patient has a WPW pattern and symptoms related to arrhythmias caused by the accessory pathway. […] While most patients have normal anatomy, WPW syndrome is associated with Ebstein anomaly and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. […] The most severe and feared complication is sudden cardiac death, owing to the rapid atrial rates in atrial fibrillation that are transmitted directly to the ventricles by the accessory pathway, causing ventricular fibrillation.

• #73 Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome (WPW): Atrio-ventricular Reentry Tachycardia – AF-ABLATION

  https://af-ablation.org/en/arrhythmological-disorders/supraventricular-tachycardia/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw-atrio-ventricular-reentry-tachycardia/

  An extremely low percentage of patients with WPW suddenly die from ventricular fibrillation. […] The mechanism is almost certainly an atrial fibrillation with a high ventricular response, which degenerates into a ventricular fibrillation due to the high ventricular rate. […] This is a dramatic event that can also occur in asymptomatic subjects, with an incidence of 1:1000 subjects per year.

• #74 Quick Facts:Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/wolff-parkinson-white-wpw-syndrome

  WPW syndrome is an abnormal heart rhythm that causes your heart to beat too quickly. It’s a condition you’re born with that involves an extra, abnormal electrical path in your heart. When triggered, the extra path causes a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms include palpitations and feeling weak or short of breath. […] Even though you’re born with the extra electrical path, symptoms don’t usually start until you’re in your teens or early 20s. […] Symptoms usually start in your teens or early 20s, but they can start at any age. […] In babies, symptoms may include: Breathing problems, Acting overly tired, Not eating well. […] In teens and adults, symptoms may include: Feeling your heart racing, Sometimes fainting, Sometimes chest pain. […] Another abnormal heart rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation is a very dangerous for people with WPW syndrome. The combination of atrial fibrillation and WPW can lead to ventricular fibrillation, which is fatal unless treated immediately.

• #75 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW Syndrome) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/specific-cardiac-arrhythmias/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw-syndrome

  Patients with WPW syndrome may also experience rapidly conducted supraventricular arrhythmias such as 1:1 conduction of atrial flutter or rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation wherein symptoms of hemodynamic compromise, including syncope are more common. […] Rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation may also induce ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. This risk is low (approximately 1%) but is more likely to occur in adolescence. […] Between episodes of arrhythmia, examination is normal. […] Long-term therapy of patients who have had a documented WPW syndrome-related tachyarrhythmia (or symptoms highly suggestive thereof) is with catheter ablation of the accessory AV connection(s). […] Episodes of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia underlie symptoms of palpitations, chest pain, and sometimes syncope. In patients with WPW syndrome who develop atrial fibrillation, excessively rapid ventricular response rates can lead to ventricular fibrillation and sudden death.

• #76 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: Diagnostic and management strategies | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/92/2/119

  An accessory pathway can go undetected until the patient develops symptoms such as palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, lightheadedness, and syncope associated with arrhythmias. […] A distinction: WPW pattern is diagnosed in patients who have no symptoms but who do have the aforementioned electrocardiographic signs, while a diagnosis of WPW syndrome means the patient has a WPW pattern and symptoms related to arrhythmias caused by the accessory pathway. […] While most patients have normal anatomy, WPW syndrome is associated with Ebstein anomaly and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. […] The most severe and feared complication is sudden cardiac death, owing to the rapid atrial rates in atrial fibrillation that are transmitted directly to the ventricles by the accessory pathway, causing ventricular fibrillation.

• #77 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-overview

  Older patients can usually describe the following: Sudden onset of a pounding heartbeat, Pulse that is regular and too rapid to count, Typically, a concomitant reduction in their tolerance for activity. […] Physical findings include the following: Normal cardiac examination findings in the vast majority of cases, During tachycardic episodes, the patient may be cool, diaphoretic, and hypotensive, Crackles in the lungs from pulmonary vascular congestion (during or following an SVT episode), Many young patients may present with resting tachycardia on examination, with only minimal symptoms (eg, palpitations, weakness, mild dizziness) despite exceedingly fast heart rates. […] Clinical features of associated cardiac defects may be present, such as the following: Cardiomyopathy, Ebstein anomaly, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AMPK mutation).

• #78 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: Diagnostic and management strategies | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/92/2/119

  An accessory pathway can go undetected until the patient develops symptoms such as palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, lightheadedness, and syncope associated with arrhythmias. […] A distinction: WPW pattern is diagnosed in patients who have no symptoms but who do have the aforementioned electrocardiographic signs, while a diagnosis of WPW syndrome means the patient has a WPW pattern and symptoms related to arrhythmias caused by the accessory pathway. […] While most patients have normal anatomy, WPW syndrome is associated with Ebstein anomaly and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. […] The most severe and feared complication is sudden cardiac death, owing to the rapid atrial rates in atrial fibrillation that are transmitted directly to the ventricles by the accessory pathway, causing ventricular fibrillation.

• #79 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-pro

  WPW syndrome may begin in childhood or not appear clinically until middle age. […] Asymptomatic: may be detected on incidental ECG. […] Symptomatic: palpitations, light-headedness or syncope. […] In one study of patients under 21 years of age with WPW on ECG, 64% had symptoms at presentation and 20% developed symptoms during follow-up. […] The tachycardia that produces symptoms may be an SVT, atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. […] Sudden death: from deterioration of pre-excited atrial fibrillation into ventricular fibrillation (this is rare and discussed in more detail later in the leaflet). […] Clinical features of associated cardiac defects may be present – eg, mitral valve prolapse, cardiomyopathy. […] Prognosis is usually very good once treated. Catheter ablation may be curative.

• #80 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – Hope For Hearts

  https://hopeforhearts.com.au/arrhythmias/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome occurs when an extra electrical pathway, between the upper and lower chambers of the heart, causes a rapid heartbeat. […] Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW) is an arrhythmia that may be characterised by abnormal electrical pathways that lead to very rapid heart rates. Patients with WPW may have an accessory electrical pathway (circuit) that allows normal electrical signals from the atrium to bypass the bridge (Atrioventricular node AV node) between the upper and lower chambers. This creates a loop circuit which results in rapid heart rates. […] WPW may also occur in patients who may have other structural heart abnormalities such as Epstein anomaly that can affect the tricuspid valve, which in turn, affects blood flow from the Right atrium to the Right Ventricle.

• #81 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  These episodes can last for seconds, minutes or hours. […] They normally occur randomly, without any identifiable cause, but they can sometimes be triggered by strenuous exercise or drinking a lot of alcohol or caffeine. […] In many cases, episodes of abnormal heart activity associated with WPW syndrome are harmless, don’t last long, and settle down on their own without treatment. […] If your cardiologist recommends treatment, there are a number of options available. You can have treatment to either stop episodes when they occur, or prevent them occurring in the future.

• #82 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome symptoms vary. Most people dont have any symptoms. But some people feel symptoms daily for a few seconds to a few hours. Others may feel them several times a year. […] You may experience: Anxiety. Chest pain. Dizziness. Fainting. Fatigue. Heart palpitations that last for just a few seconds or a few hours. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] Each year, about 1% to 2% of people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). […] People can injure themselves when they faint. Some people may experience low blood pressure during episodes of rapid heartbeat. A rare complication of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is sudden cardiac death. […] If you experience rapid heartbeat frequently with symptoms like dizziness or passing out, your healthcare provider may recommend: Radiofrequency ablation a type of catheter ablation uses energy to destroy a small amount of heart tissue and restore a regular heartbeat. Cardioversion helps stop an abnormal heartbeat if you have abnormal rhythms such as SVT and restores regular heart rhythm. Medication (chemical cardioversion) brings your rapid heartbeat under control or keeps your heartbeat regular over time.

• #83 Arrhythmias – Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a conduction disorder that can make your heart beat too quickly or with an irregular rhythm. This is called an arrhythmia, and it can be life-threatening. […] If you have WPW syndrome, you may not have any symptoms of an arrhythmia. If you do have symptoms, you may notice that they change over time. For example, you may develop symptoms, or your symptoms may go away, as you get older. Sometimes the first sign of WPW is a life-threatening arrhythmia or sudden cardiac arrest. […] Your symptoms may include: Palpitations, or feeling your heart beat fast; Chest pain or tightness; Shortness of breath; Dizziness and fainting. […] If left untreated, WPW syndrome can cause the following problems: Heart failure; Serious arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation; Cardiac arrest, which can be fatal and is more common in boys and men and in people who have other heart conditions.

• #84 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome symptoms vary. Most people dont have any symptoms. But some people feel symptoms daily for a few seconds to a few hours. Others may feel them several times a year. […] You may experience: Anxiety. Chest pain. Dizziness. Fainting. Fatigue. Heart palpitations that last for just a few seconds or a few hours. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] Each year, about 1% to 2% of people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). […] People can injure themselves when they faint. Some people may experience low blood pressure during episodes of rapid heartbeat. A rare complication of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is sudden cardiac death. […] If you experience rapid heartbeat frequently with symptoms like dizziness or passing out, your healthcare provider may recommend: Radiofrequency ablation a type of catheter ablation uses energy to destroy a small amount of heart tissue and restore a regular heartbeat. Cardioversion helps stop an abnormal heartbeat if you have abnormal rhythms such as SVT and restores regular heart rhythm. Medication (chemical cardioversion) brings your rapid heartbeat under control or keeps your heartbeat regular over time.

• #85 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Symptoms, Doctors, Treatments, Advances & More | MediFind

  https://www.medifind.com/conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/5529

  Catheter ablation cures this disorder in most people. The success rate for the procedure ranges between 85% to 95%. Success rates will vary depending on the location and number of extra pathways. […] Complications may include: Complications of surgery, Heart failure, Reduced blood pressure (caused by rapid heart rate), Side effects of medicines. […] The most severe form of a rapid heartbeat is ventricular fibrillation (VF), which will rapidly lead to shock or death unless it is corrected. It can sometimes occur in people with WPW, particularly if they also have atrial fibrillation (AF), which is another type of abnormal heart rhythm. This type of rapid heartbeat requires emergency treatment and a procedure called cardioversion.

• #86 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome symptoms vary. Most people dont have any symptoms. But some people feel symptoms daily for a few seconds to a few hours. Others may feel them several times a year. […] You may experience: Anxiety. Chest pain. Dizziness. Fainting. Fatigue. Heart palpitations that last for just a few seconds or a few hours. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] Each year, about 1% to 2% of people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). […] People can injure themselves when they faint. Some people may experience low blood pressure during episodes of rapid heartbeat. A rare complication of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is sudden cardiac death. […] If you experience rapid heartbeat frequently with symptoms like dizziness or passing out, your healthcare provider may recommend: Radiofrequency ablation a type of catheter ablation uses energy to destroy a small amount of heart tissue and restore a regular heartbeat. Cardioversion helps stop an abnormal heartbeat if you have abnormal rhythms such as SVT and restores regular heart rhythm. Medication (chemical cardioversion) brings your rapid heartbeat under control or keeps your heartbeat regular over time.

• #87 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which there is an extra electrical pathway in the heart that leads to periods of rapid heart rate (tachycardia). […] WPW syndrome is one of the most common causes of fast heart rate problems in infants and children. […] How often a rapid heart rate occurs varies depending on the person. Some people with WPW syndrome have only a few episodes of rapid heart rate. Others may have the rapid heart rate once or twice a week or more. Also, there may be no symptoms at all, so that condition is found when a heart test is done for another reason. […] A person with this syndrome may have: Chest pain or chest tightness, Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Fainting, Palpitations (a sensation of feeling your heart beating, usually quickly or irregularly), Shortness of breath. […] Very rapid heartbeats, a complication of Wolff-Parkinson-White, can result in severe hypotension and syncope, or loss of consciousness.

• #88 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is a condition that causes episodes of tachycardia (fast heartbeat). […] Some people have symptoms such as chest pain, others experience no other symptoms. […] As well as extremely fast heartbeat, symptoms of WPW include: palpitations (being aware of your heart beating), dizziness or light-headedness, fainting, feeling short of breath, chest pain, sweating, a feeling of anxiety, fatigue, especially with exercise. […] Some people with WPW show no symptoms at all. […] Untreated WPW can lead to complications such as fainting and low blood pressure. […] Rarely, WPW can cause the heart to stop beating (cardiac arrest), which is a medical emergency that can be fatal.

• #89 Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Patients with WPW syndrome may experience a type of arrhythmia known as anterograde conduction over the accessory pathway when atrial flutter is present. Some of these pathways have shorter refractory periods than the AV node, which can lead to ventricular rates as high as 300 beats per minute. This rapid stimulation rate is not well tolerated and can result in ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest even in young, otherwise healthy individuals. […] Patients with WPW syndrome and accompanying arrhythmias are typically recommended to undergo an invasive electrophysiologic study with radiofrequency ablation of the accessory pathway. This process includes introducing a thin, pliable tube (catheter) into a blood vessel in the groin and up to the heart for pinpointing and eliminating the extra electrical pathway that is causing WPW syndrome. Ablation has been shown to be highly successful in curing this condition, however, there may be instances where repeat procedures or medical management through anti-arrhythmic medications may be necessary.

• #90 Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome (WPW): Atrio-ventricular Reentry Tachycardia – AF-ABLATION

  https://af-ablation.org/en/arrhythmological-disorders/supraventricular-tachycardia/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw-atrio-ventricular-reentry-tachycardia/

  An extremely low percentage of patients with WPW suddenly die from ventricular fibrillation. […] The mechanism is almost certainly an atrial fibrillation with a high ventricular response, which degenerates into a ventricular fibrillation due to the high ventricular rate. […] This is a dramatic event that can also occur in asymptomatic subjects, with an incidence of 1:1000 subjects per year.

• #91 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW Syndrome) – Cardiovascular Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/specific-cardiac-arrhythmias/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw-syndrome

  Patients with WPW syndrome may also experience rapidly conducted supraventricular arrhythmias such as 1:1 conduction of atrial flutter or rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation wherein symptoms of hemodynamic compromise, including syncope are more common. […] Rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation may also induce ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. This risk is low (approximately 1%) but is more likely to occur in adolescence. […] Between episodes of arrhythmia, examination is normal. […] Long-term therapy of patients who have had a documented WPW syndrome-related tachyarrhythmia (or symptoms highly suggestive thereof) is with catheter ablation of the accessory AV connection(s). […] Episodes of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia underlie symptoms of palpitations, chest pain, and sometimes syncope. In patients with WPW syndrome who develop atrial fibrillation, excessively rapid ventricular response rates can lead to ventricular fibrillation and sudden death.

• #92 Quick Facts:Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/wolff-parkinson-white-wpw-syndrome

  WPW syndrome is an abnormal heart rhythm that causes your heart to beat too quickly. It’s a condition you’re born with that involves an extra, abnormal electrical path in your heart. When triggered, the extra path causes a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms include palpitations and feeling weak or short of breath. […] Even though you’re born with the extra electrical path, symptoms don’t usually start until you’re in your teens or early 20s. […] Symptoms usually start in your teens or early 20s, but they can start at any age. […] In babies, symptoms may include: Breathing problems, Acting overly tired, Not eating well. […] In teens and adults, symptoms may include: Feeling your heart racing, Sometimes fainting, Sometimes chest pain. […] Another abnormal heart rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation is a very dangerous for people with WPW syndrome. The combination of atrial fibrillation and WPW can lead to ventricular fibrillation, which is fatal unless treated immediately.

• #93 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/wolff-parkinson-white-wpw-syndrome

  In older people, episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia due to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome tend to cause more symptoms, such as fainting, shortness of breath, and chest pain. […] Atrial fibrillation may be particularly dangerous for people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The extra pathway can conduct the rapid impulses to the ventricles at a much faster rate than the normal pathway (through the atrioventricular node) can. The result is an extremely fast ventricular rate that may be life threatening. Not only is the heart very inefficient when it beats so rapidly, but this extremely fast heart rate may also progress to ventricular fibrillation, which causes death unless treated immediately.

• #94 Patient education: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-beyond-the-basics/print

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which episodes of fast heart rate (called tachycardia) occur because of an abnormal extra electrical pathway in the heart. People with WPW may experience skipped heart beats, dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting, although some people with WPW have no symptoms. […] If symptoms do occur (WPW syndrome), they are related to the development of an abnormal heart rhythm and a rapid heart rate. […] During tachycardia, a person may experience skipped heart beats, a racing heart rate, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, or rarely, sudden death. Sudden death is usually a result of the very rapid ventricular response seen in WPW syndrome and is very rare. At a very rapid heart rate the ventricles cannot pump blood effectively to other vital organs. Fortunately, the incidence of sudden death in people with WPW is quite low, ranging from 0 to 0.39 percent per year, with risk lowest among those with WPW pattern who continue to have no symptoms.

• #95 Patient education: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-beyond-the-basics

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which episodes of fast heart rate (called tachycardia) occur because of an abnormal extra electrical pathway in the heart. People with WPW may experience skipped heart beats, dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting, although some people with WPW have no symptoms. Treatments are available for those who do experience symptoms. The long-term outcome of people with WPW is excellent, especially when treatments are used to eliminate the abnormal electrical pathway. […] During tachycardia, a person may experience skipped heart beats, a racing heart rate, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, or rarely, sudden death. Sudden death is usually a result of the very rapid ventricular response seen in WPW syndrome and is very rare. At a very rapid heart rate the ventricles cannot pump blood effectively to other vital organs. Fortunately, the incidence of sudden death in people with WPW is quite low, ranging from 0 to 0.39 percent per year, with risk lowest among those with WPW pattern who continue to have no symptoms.

• #96 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome: Symptoms and Causes

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a violation of the process of excitation of the ventricles, in which there is an increase in the heart rate. […] One of the signs of this syndrome is the manifestation of paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation (flutter), supraventricular extrasystole. […] Symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome include a sudden attack of palpitations, interruptions in the work of the heart, throbbing in the head or throat, general weakness, dizziness, decreased exercise tolerance, and increased fatigue during an attack, loss of consciousness is possible, dyspnea, and decrease in blood pressure (arterial hypotension or unstable blood pressure). […] In only 1% of cases, WPW syndrome can lead to life-threatening ventricular fibrillation. […] The main consequences are: The WPW syndrome, manifested by attacks of tachycardia, reduces the patients quality of life. Loss of consciousness during paroxysms can lead to serious injuries and accidents. Reciprocal AV tachycardias in WPW syndrome are classified as pre-fibrillatory arrhythmias. Frequent attacks of the disease can lead to more dangerous and complex atrial fibrillation, which can transform into ventricular fibrillation and lead to death.

• #97 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – Heart Condition | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  It is possible for WPW symptoms to disappear over time. For those who continue to experience symptoms, living with WPW can be frustrating. Unless you know your trigger, you can’t anticipate when your heartbeat will become rapid. And you don’t know how long it will stay that way. Having to have your heart shocked back to a normal beat can be stressful.

• #98 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome: Symptoms and Causes

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a violation of the process of excitation of the ventricles, in which there is an increase in the heart rate. […] One of the signs of this syndrome is the manifestation of paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation (flutter), supraventricular extrasystole. […] Symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome include a sudden attack of palpitations, interruptions in the work of the heart, throbbing in the head or throat, general weakness, dizziness, decreased exercise tolerance, and increased fatigue during an attack, loss of consciousness is possible, dyspnea, and decrease in blood pressure (arterial hypotension or unstable blood pressure). […] In only 1% of cases, WPW syndrome can lead to life-threatening ventricular fibrillation. […] The main consequences are: The WPW syndrome, manifested by attacks of tachycardia, reduces the patients quality of life. Loss of consciousness during paroxysms can lead to serious injuries and accidents. Reciprocal AV tachycardias in WPW syndrome are classified as pre-fibrillatory arrhythmias. Frequent attacks of the disease can lead to more dangerous and complex atrial fibrillation, which can transform into ventricular fibrillation and lead to death.

• #99 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – Heart Condition | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  It is possible for WPW symptoms to disappear over time. For those who continue to experience symptoms, living with WPW can be frustrating. Unless you know your trigger, you can’t anticipate when your heartbeat will become rapid. And you don’t know how long it will stay that way. Having to have your heart shocked back to a normal beat can be stressful.

• #100 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – Heart Condition | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  It is possible for WPW symptoms to disappear over time. For those who continue to experience symptoms, living with WPW can be frustrating. Unless you know your trigger, you can’t anticipate when your heartbeat will become rapid. And you don’t know how long it will stay that way. Having to have your heart shocked back to a normal beat can be stressful.

• #101 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  People who receive treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have a typical life expectancy. Radiofrequency ablation or surgery can cure WPW in many people. […] Usually, people without symptoms have a low risk of having a cardiac arrest. People who have symptoms of tachycardia (fast heart rate) are more likely to have a cardiac arrest. But sudden cardiac death is rare in people with WPW.

• #102 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-overview

  Once identified and appropriately treated, WPW syndrome is associated with an excellent prognosis, including the potential for permanent cure through radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation. […] Asymptomatic patients with only preexcitation on ECG generally have a very good prognosis. Many develop symptomatic arrhythmias over time, which can be prevented with prophylactic EPS and RF catheter ablation. […] Patients with a family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) or significant symptoms of tachyarrhythmias or cardiac arrest have worse prognoses. However, once definitive therapy is performed, including curative ablation, the prognosis is once again excellent.

• #103 Patient education: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-beyond-the-basics/print

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which episodes of fast heart rate (called tachycardia) occur because of an abnormal extra electrical pathway in the heart. People with WPW may experience skipped heart beats, dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting, although some people with WPW have no symptoms. […] If symptoms do occur (WPW syndrome), they are related to the development of an abnormal heart rhythm and a rapid heart rate. […] During tachycardia, a person may experience skipped heart beats, a racing heart rate, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, or rarely, sudden death. Sudden death is usually a result of the very rapid ventricular response seen in WPW syndrome and is very rare. At a very rapid heart rate the ventricles cannot pump blood effectively to other vital organs. Fortunately, the incidence of sudden death in people with WPW is quite low, ranging from 0 to 0.39 percent per year, with risk lowest among those with WPW pattern who continue to have no symptoms.

• #104 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  People who receive treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have a typical life expectancy. Radiofrequency ablation or surgery can cure WPW in many people. […] Usually, people without symptoms have a low risk of having a cardiac arrest. People who have symptoms of tachycardia (fast heart rate) are more likely to have a cardiac arrest. But sudden cardiac death is rare in people with WPW.

• #105 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-overview

  Once identified and appropriately treated, WPW syndrome is associated with an excellent prognosis, including the potential for permanent cure through radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation. […] Asymptomatic patients with only preexcitation on ECG generally have a very good prognosis. Many develop symptomatic arrhythmias over time, which can be prevented with prophylactic EPS and RF catheter ablation. […] Patients with a family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) or significant symptoms of tachyarrhythmias or cardiac arrest have worse prognoses. However, once definitive therapy is performed, including curative ablation, the prognosis is once again excellent.

• #106 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-overview

  Patients with WPW syndrome are potentially at an increased risk of dangerous ventricular arrhythmias as a consequence of conduction across the bypass tract resulting in a very rapid and chaotic depolarization of the ventricle if they develop atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation (AF). […] Only a small percentage of patients with WPW syndrome (1%) are at risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). In patients who present with preexcited AF, cardiac electrophysiologic studies and radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation may be curative. Other presentations include symptomatic SVT, which can also be cured by catheter ablation. Asymptomatic patients need periodic observation. The onset of cardiac arrhythmias, and possibly the sudden death risk, may be eliminated by prophylactic catheter ablation as well.

• #107 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  People who receive treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have a typical life expectancy. Radiofrequency ablation or surgery can cure WPW in many people. […] Usually, people without symptoms have a low risk of having a cardiac arrest. People who have symptoms of tachycardia (fast heart rate) are more likely to have a cardiac arrest. But sudden cardiac death is rare in people with WPW.

• #108 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Symptoms, Treatment, Outlook, and More

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/heart-health/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by episodes of tachycardia, or a rapid heartbeat. With treatment, it may be completely curable. […] The classic symptom of WPW syndrome is having tachycardia episodes. These episodes may last from seconds to hours. […] Tachycardia may cause additional symptoms, including dizziness or lightheadedness, chest pain, shortness of breath, fainting, heart palpitations, or a sensation of pounding or fluttering in the chest. […] Not all people with WPW syndrome will develop symptoms. […] The outlook for people with WPW syndrome has improved over the years with advancements in medications and ablation procedures. For some people, catheter ablation can even cure the condition completely. […] WPW syndrome is a congenital condition. It causes episodes of tachycardia that may result in dizziness, shortness of breath, and fainting. Because WPW syndrome can increase the risk of sudden cardiac death, an evaluation by a cardiologist is essential.

• #109 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-pro

  The prognosis depends on the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the accessory pathway rather than on symptoms. […] Sudden cardiac death is rare but may occur due to arrhythmia or the management of arrhythmia with inappropriate drugs. […] In asymptomatic patients, the capacity for antegrade conduction across the accessory pathway often decreases with age. This is probably due to fibrotic changes at the site of insertion of the accessory bypass tract.

• #110 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-overview

  Once identified and appropriately treated, WPW syndrome is associated with an excellent prognosis, including the potential for permanent cure through radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation. […] Asymptomatic patients with only preexcitation on ECG generally have a very good prognosis. Many develop symptomatic arrhythmias over time, which can be prevented with prophylactic EPS and RF catheter ablation. […] Patients with a family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) or significant symptoms of tachyarrhythmias or cardiac arrest have worse prognoses. However, once definitive therapy is performed, including curative ablation, the prognosis is once again excellent.

• #111 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-overview

  Patients with WPW syndrome are potentially at an increased risk of dangerous ventricular arrhythmias as a consequence of conduction across the bypass tract resulting in a very rapid and chaotic depolarization of the ventricle if they develop atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation (AF). […] Only a small percentage of patients with WPW syndrome (1%) are at risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). In patients who present with preexcited AF, cardiac electrophysiologic studies and radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation may be curative. Other presentations include symptomatic SVT, which can also be cured by catheter ablation. Asymptomatic patients need periodic observation. The onset of cardiac arrhythmias, and possibly the sudden death risk, may be eliminated by prophylactic catheter ablation as well.

• #112 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: Diagnostic and management strategies | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/92/2/119

  The management challenge lies in those with WPW pattern but no symptoms. The goals are to alleviate symptoms related to tachyarrhythmias and to prevent the most feared complication, sudden cardiac death. […] More electrophysiologists now than in the past may be performing electrophysiologic studies in patients with an asymptomatic WPW pattern regardless of noninvasive findings. […] This highlights the importance of careful monitoring and management of patients with WPW pattern and syndrome, given the potential for serious complications even without prior symptoms and high-risk features.

• #113 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-pro

  The prognosis depends on the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of the accessory pathway rather than on symptoms. […] Sudden cardiac death is rare but may occur due to arrhythmia or the management of arrhythmia with inappropriate drugs. […] In asymptomatic patients, the capacity for antegrade conduction across the accessory pathway often decreases with age. This is probably due to fibrotic changes at the site of insertion of the accessory bypass tract.

• #114 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554437/

  Asymptomatic patients with WPW pattern do not require any immediate treatment. […] The treatment of choice for symptomatic patients is an accessory pathway catheter ablation. […] The feared complication of WPW syndrome is sudden cardiac death (SCD). […] The prognosis for patients with WPW pattern has improved significantly as antiarrhythmic medications, and ablation techniques were developed over the last 80 years.

• #115 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-understanding-and-managing-the-condition/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a congenital heart condition characterized by the presence of an extra electrical pathway in the heart. This additional pathway can lead to rapid heartbeats, known as tachycardia. […] WPW syndrome may cause the following symptoms, especially during episodes of SVT: Palpitations or a rapid heartbeat, Dizziness or lightheadedness, Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Chest pain or discomfort, Fainting (syncope). […] Its important to note that some individuals with WPW syndrome may not experience any symptoms. […] Symptoms typically begin to appear between the ages of 11 and 50. […] The prognosis for individuals with WPW syndrome is generally good. Many people with the condition do not experience any symptoms or complications. For those who do experience symptoms, treatment is usually effective at managing the condition. In rare cases, WPW syndrome may be associated with a risk of sudden cardiac arrest, particularly in individuals with a history of rapid heart rhythms.

• #116 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW) – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which there is an extra electrical pathway in the heart that leads to periods of rapid heart rate (tachycardia). […] WPW syndrome is one of the most common causes of fast heart rate problems in infants and children. […] How often a rapid heart rate occurs varies depending on the person. Some people with WPW syndrome have only a few episodes of rapid heart rate. Others may have the rapid heart rate once or twice a week or more. Also, there may be no symptoms at all, so that condition is found when a heart test is done for another reason. […] A person with this syndrome may have: Chest pain or chest tightness, Dizziness, Lightheadedness, Fainting, Palpitations (a sensation of feeling your heart beating, usually quickly or irregularly), Shortness of breath. […] Catheter ablation cures this disorder in most people. The success rate for the procedure ranges between 85% to 95%. Success rates will vary depending on the location and number of extra pathways.

• #117 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome | Great Ormond Street Hospital

  https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/conditions-we-treat/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a congenital (present at birth) condition that affects the electrical system within the heart. […] The extra electrical connection causes episodes where the heart rate suddenly quickens to an abnormally fast rate, often around 200 beats per minute. The fast heart rate (supraventricular tachycardia or SVT) can cause chest pain, breathing difficulties and heart flutters. […] The symptoms of SVT occur in episodes, which can last for a few seconds to a number of hours. Children may report feeling chest flutters or palpitations, a very fast pulse, breathlessness and dizziness. […] In the majority of cases, the heart rate corrects itself to return to a normal rhythm. The frequency and length of episodes varies from person to person. […] Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome has an increased risk of heart racing later in life and a small risk of sudden death. […] Ablation is successful in the vast majority of cases, so there are no further heart racing episodes or increased risk of sudden death or fainting episodes.

• #118 Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome: Symptoms and Causes

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a violation of the process of excitation of the ventricles, in which there is an increase in the heart rate. […] One of the signs of this syndrome is the manifestation of paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation (flutter), supraventricular extrasystole. […] Symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome include a sudden attack of palpitations, interruptions in the work of the heart, throbbing in the head or throat, general weakness, dizziness, decreased exercise tolerance, and increased fatigue during an attack, loss of consciousness is possible, dyspnea, and decrease in blood pressure (arterial hypotension or unstable blood pressure). […] In only 1% of cases, WPW syndrome can lead to life-threatening ventricular fibrillation. […] The main consequences are: The WPW syndrome, manifested by attacks of tachycardia, reduces the patients quality of life. Loss of consciousness during paroxysms can lead to serious injuries and accidents. Reciprocal AV tachycardias in WPW syndrome are classified as pre-fibrillatory arrhythmias. Frequent attacks of the disease can lead to more dangerous and complex atrial fibrillation, which can transform into ventricular fibrillation and lead to death.

• #119 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554437/

  Asymptomatic patients with WPW pattern do not require any immediate treatment. […] The treatment of choice for symptomatic patients is an accessory pathway catheter ablation. […] The feared complication of WPW syndrome is sudden cardiac death (SCD). […] The prognosis for patients with WPW pattern has improved significantly as antiarrhythmic medications, and ablation techniques were developed over the last 80 years.

• #120 Arrhythmias – Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome

  Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a conduction disorder that can make your heart beat too quickly or with an irregular rhythm. This is called an arrhythmia, and it can be life-threatening. […] If you have WPW syndrome, you may not have any symptoms of an arrhythmia. If you do have symptoms, you may notice that they change over time. For example, you may develop symptoms, or your symptoms may go away, as you get older. Sometimes the first sign of WPW is a life-threatening arrhythmia or sudden cardiac arrest. […] Your symptoms may include: Palpitations, or feeling your heart beat fast; Chest pain or tightness; Shortness of breath; Dizziness and fainting. […] If left untreated, WPW syndrome can cause the following problems: Heart failure; Serious arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation; Cardiac arrest, which can be fatal and is more common in boys and men and in people who have other heart conditions.

• #121 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome symptoms vary. Most people dont have any symptoms. But some people feel symptoms daily for a few seconds to a few hours. Others may feel them several times a year. […] You may experience: Anxiety. Chest pain. Dizziness. Fainting. Fatigue. Heart palpitations that last for just a few seconds or a few hours. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] Each year, about 1% to 2% of people with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). […] People can injure themselves when they faint. Some people may experience low blood pressure during episodes of rapid heartbeat. A rare complication of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is sudden cardiac death. […] If you experience rapid heartbeat frequently with symptoms like dizziness or passing out, your healthcare provider may recommend: Radiofrequency ablation a type of catheter ablation uses energy to destroy a small amount of heart tissue and restore a regular heartbeat. Cardioversion helps stop an abnormal heartbeat if you have abnormal rhythms such as SVT and restores regular heart rhythm. Medication (chemical cardioversion) brings your rapid heartbeat under control or keeps your heartbeat regular over time.

• #122 WPW syndrome: Rare cause of sudden cardiac death in young people – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20354626

  In Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, an extra electrical pathway between the heart’s upper chambers and lower chambers causes a fast heartbeat. […] The most common symptom of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart rate greater than 100 beats a minute. […] In WPW syndrome, the fast heartbeat can begin suddenly. It may last a few seconds or several hours. Episodes may occur during exercise or while at rest. […] Other symptoms of WPW syndrome may depend on the speed of the heartbeat and the underlying heart rhythm disorder. […] In general, symptoms of WPW syndrome include: Rapid, fluttering or pounding heartbeats. Chest pain. Difficulty breathing. Dizziness or lightheadedness. Fainting. Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Anxiety. […] Infants with WPW may have other symptoms, such as: Blue or gray skin, lips and nails. Restlessness or irritability. Rapid breathing. Poor eating. […] Some people with an extra electrical pathway don’t have symptoms of a fast heartbeat. This condition is called Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern. It’s often discovered by chance during a heart test. […] WPW syndrome has been linked to sudden cardiac death in children and young adults.

• #123 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  People who receive treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have a typical life expectancy. Radiofrequency ablation or surgery can cure WPW in many people. […] Usually, people without symptoms have a low risk of having a cardiac arrest. People who have symptoms of tachycardia (fast heart rate) are more likely to have a cardiac arrest. But sudden cardiac death is rare in people with WPW.

• #124 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17643-wolff-parkinson-white-syndrome-wpw

  People who receive treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome have a typical life expectancy. Radiofrequency ablation or surgery can cure WPW in many people. […] Usually, people without symptoms have a low risk of having a cardiac arrest. People who have symptoms of tachycardia (fast heart rate) are more likely to have a cardiac arrest. But sudden cardiac death is rare in people with WPW.

• #125 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-overview

  Once identified and appropriately treated, WPW syndrome is associated with an excellent prognosis, including the potential for permanent cure through radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation. […] Asymptomatic patients with only preexcitation on ECG generally have a very good prognosis. Many develop symptomatic arrhythmias over time, which can be prevented with prophylactic EPS and RF catheter ablation. […] Patients with a family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) or significant symptoms of tachyarrhythmias or cardiac arrest have worse prognoses. However, once definitive therapy is performed, including curative ablation, the prognosis is once again excellent.

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