Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17553-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos

  Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) occurs when theres compression of nerves or blood vessels in your lower neck and upper chest. Symptoms include pain, tingling and numbness in your arms and hands. […] Thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms affect your upper body (neck, upper chest, shoulder, arm or hand), typically on one side. You may have: Pain, which may worsen when you lift your arms. Tingling or pins and needles. Numbness. Weakness. Swelling or heaviness. Skin color changes (skin that looks pale or blue). Skin that feels cool to the touch. Slow-healing sores on your fingers. […] The specific symptoms you feel can vary depending on the type of TOS you have. […] Thoracic outlet syndrome can cause pain in your neck, upper chest, shoulder and arm. This may feel like a dull ache, and it may worsen when you move your arms.

• #2 Thoracic outlet syndrome Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome may include: […] Pain, numbness, and tingling in the pinky and ring fingers, and the inner forearm […] Pain and tingling in the neck and shoulders (carrying something heavy may make the pain worse) […] Signs of poor circulation in the hand or forearm (a bluish color, cold hands, or a swollen arm) […] Weakness of the muscles in the hand. […] Surgery to remove the extra rib and break up tight fiber bands may ease symptoms in some people. Some people have symptoms that return after surgery.

• #3 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/brain/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  Youre most likely to feel them in your arms and hands. They include: […] Pain in the neck, shoulder, or arm […] Numbness and tingling […] Swelling […] Weakness […] Discoloration — blue, red, or pale […] Cold hands […] Atrophy (when the tissue or muscle in your arm starts to waste away) […] Weak pulse in your affected arm […] Painful lump near your collarbone […] Shrinking of the muscle in the fleshy base of your thumb (also called Gilliatt-Sumner hand) […] TOS is found more often in women than in men and primarily in young people, mostly ages 20-40. Athletes who move their arms in the same way a lot, like swimmers or baseball pitchers, also can be more likely to have it.

• #4 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/96412-overview

  Thoracic outlet syndrome is not the name of a single entity but rather a collective title for a variety of conditions attributed to the compression of neurovascular structures as they traverse the thoracic outlet. […] The wide variability of symptoms and signs in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome and the lack of an objective confirmatory test for the diagnosis makes correctly identifying patients with thoracic outlet syndrome difficult. […] Thoracic outlet syndrome is more common in women, particularly those with poor muscular development, poor posture, or both. […] The onset of symptoms typically occurs in persons aged 20-50 years. […] Symptoms resolve with conservative therapy in approximately 90% of individuals. […] Postsurgical success rates over 1 year vary from 43-78%.

• #5 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) describes a group of disorders involving compression of the nerves or blood vessels between the muscles of the neck and shoulder or between the first rib and collarbone (clavicle). TOS often afflicts otherwise healthy, young, active individuals and symptoms are specific to nerve compression (neurogenic or NTOS), arterial compression (ATOS) or venous compression (VTOS). […] This is the most common form of TOS and is due to compression of the nerves between the first rib, collarbone (clavicle) and scalene muscles. NTOS can result from a combination of a congenitally narrow thoracic outlet with trauma (for example, falls, motor vehicle accidents, first rib fractures) or repetitive trauma from work-related activity (for example, typing, administrative work or manual labor) or recreational activities (baseball, football, swimming, volleyball). Some patients are born with an extra cervical rib or bands of muscle which can further narrow the thoracic outlet and result in significant symptoms due to nerve compression.

• #6 Thoracic outlet syndrome – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/592

  Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to an uncommon but potentially disabling group of conditions characterized by symptoms that result from compression of neurovascular structures crossing through the anatomic space of the thoracic outlet. […] The main types of TOS include neurogenic, venous, and arterial. Patients may present with signs and symptoms of nerve, vein, or artery compression, or a combination of these. […] Neurogenic TOS refers to pain, paresthesia, and upper extremity weakness arising from compression of the brachial plexus nerves as these nerves cross the thoracic outlet. […] Symptoms typically do not follow the distribution of a single nerve root or peripheral nerve and can be quite variable, and may range in severity from mild and intermittent to constant and disabling.

• #7 Thoracic outlet syndrome: definition, aetiological factors, diagnosis, management and occupational impact

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3526474/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome covers a wide range of manifestations due to compression of nerves and vessels during their passage through the cervicothoracobrachial region. […] Painful neurological forms of TOS account for 97% of all cases of TOS according to Roos. They are typically responsible for symptoms in the C8-T1 distribution (medial aspect of the arm, ulnar border of the forearm and hand), but the C7 nerve root and sometimes the superior trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6) may be responsible. […] The patient develops more or less adapted compensations with secondary dysfunction of the whole upper limb. In this case, the secondary imbalance of neck and shoulder muscles is responsible for TOS, which in turn exacerbates the symptoms and can be responsible for chronic disorders. […] Thoracic outlet symptoms have generally been present for several years and are more or less well tolerated by the patient. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated by unusual activities or periods of stress. […] At an advanced stage, treatment may still be able to relieve pain, but the possibilities of motor recovery are very limited and sequelae are frequent.

• #8 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome-Most common TOS type

  https://www.tosmri.com/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Neurogenic TOS is by far the most common type of thoracic outlet syndrome. […] Symptoms of neurogenic TOS vary significantly between patients, and may vary over the course of a day within any single patient. Patients often experience sensory symptoms first. These include pain, numbness and tingling. Additionally, as the disease progresses, patients may note loss of coordination, or weakness of grip. Also, dysregulation of blood flow may cause temperature changes of the arm, hand or fingers.

• #9 Thoracic outlet syndrome: definition, aetiological factors, diagnosis, management and occupational impact

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3526474/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome covers a wide range of manifestations due to compression of nerves and vessels during their passage through the cervicothoracobrachial region. […] Painful neurological forms of TOS account for 97% of all cases of TOS according to Roos. They are typically responsible for symptoms in the C8-T1 distribution (medial aspect of the arm, ulnar border of the forearm and hand), but the C7 nerve root and sometimes the superior trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6) may be responsible. […] The patient develops more or less adapted compensations with secondary dysfunction of the whole upper limb. In this case, the secondary imbalance of neck and shoulder muscles is responsible for TOS, which in turn exacerbates the symptoms and can be responsible for chronic disorders. […] Thoracic outlet symptoms have generally been present for several years and are more or less well tolerated by the patient. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated by unusual activities or periods of stress. […] At an advanced stage, treatment may still be able to relieve pain, but the possibilities of motor recovery are very limited and sequelae are frequent.

• #10

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40122-019-0124-2

  A systematic review by Sanders et al. described symptom distribution in neurogenic TOS to include upper extremity paresthesia (98%), neck pain (88%), trapezius pain (92%), shoulder and/or arm pain (88%), supraclavicular pain (76%), chest pain (72%), occipital headache (76%), and paresthesias in all five fingers (58%), the fourth and fifth fingers only (26%), or the first, second, and third fingers. […] Pain is typically distributed along the posterior of anterior shoulder with radiculopathy down the arm in a medio-brachial distribution along the inner aspect of the arm. […] Neurogenic TOS is caused by compression of the C5 through T1 brachial plexus nerve roots and comprises up to 90% of total TOS cases. […] Venous TOS, also referred to as Pagetvon Schroetter syndrome, comprises 10-15% of cases, and is caused by subclavian compression within the costoclavicular space.

• #11

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40122-019-0124-2

  A systematic review by Sanders et al. described symptom distribution in neurogenic TOS to include upper extremity paresthesia (98%), neck pain (88%), trapezius pain (92%), shoulder and/or arm pain (88%), supraclavicular pain (76%), chest pain (72%), occipital headache (76%), and paresthesias in all five fingers (58%), the fourth and fifth fingers only (26%), or the first, second, and third fingers. […] Pain is typically distributed along the posterior of anterior shoulder with radiculopathy down the arm in a medio-brachial distribution along the inner aspect of the arm. […] Neurogenic TOS is caused by compression of the C5 through T1 brachial plexus nerve roots and comprises up to 90% of total TOS cases. […] Venous TOS, also referred to as Pagetvon Schroetter syndrome, comprises 10-15% of cases, and is caused by subclavian compression within the costoclavicular space.

• #12

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40122-019-0124-2

  Arterial TOS is by far the most rarely observed, occurring in 2-5% of TOS cases. […] In general, patients present with lower plexus TOS rather than upper, which corresponds to compression of the C8 and T1 nerves. […] Despite this etiological understanding of pathoanatomy, differentiation from other cervicobrachial symptoms may still prove challenging difficult.

• #13 Thoracic outlet syndrome – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/592

  The most common symptoms include the spontaneous onset of substantial arm swelling, cyanotic discoloration, aching discomfort, and enlargement of the superficial subcutaneous veins in the shoulder, upper chest, and arm. […] Arterial TOS refers to symptoms arising from long-standing compression and damage to the subclavian artery, usually in the setting of a bony abnormality (e.g., cervical rib). […] The injury results from chronic external compression of the artery at the scalene triangle and may take the form of chronic arterial narrowing (stenosis), thrombotic occlusion, or the development of aneurysmal enlargement. […] In instances where major arteries are occluded in the upper extremity, symptoms are typically acute and severe with concern for possible tissue loss in the extremity, prompting emergency treatment.

• #14 Thoracic outlet syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353988

  Thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms can vary depending on the type. When nerves are compressed, symptoms of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome include: Numbness or tingling in the arm or fingers. Pain or aches in the neck, shoulder, arm or hand. Arm fatigue with activity. A weakening grip. […] Symptoms of venous thoracic outlet syndrome can include: A change in the color of the hand or one or more fingers. Hand or arm pain and swelling. […] Symptoms of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome can include: A pulsating lump near the collarbone. Cold fingers, hands or arms. Hand and arm pain. A change in color in one or more of the fingers or the entire hand. Weak or no pulse in the affected arm. […] See your healthcare professional if you regularly experience any of the symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome.

• #15 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Signs & Symptoms | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  You may experience various symptoms, depending on which of type of TOS you have. […] Signs of neurogenic TOS are as follows: Pain or aches in your neck, back of the head or shoulder. Tingling or numbness in your fingers, hand or arm. Increased discomfort or weakness when you raise your arm for extended periods of time. For example, they may worsen when you’re combing your hair or putting away dishes in upper kitchen cabinets. […] Signs of venous TOS are as follows: Edema (swelling) of the arm, hand or fingers. Noticeably swollen veins in the chest, neck or shoulder. Bluish discoloration in the upper body. […] Signs of arterial TOS are as follows: Cold or discolored (white) hand. Pain in the hand and arm. Open sores on the fingers. […] Without treatment, your TOS may cause these other health problems: Permanent arm swelling, pain or weakness. Permanent nerve damage. Gangrene (when blood stops flowing to a specific area of your body, resulting in dead body tissue). Blood clots.

• #16 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis

  https://www.medicinenet.com/thoracic_outlet_syndrome/article.htm

  Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition whereby symptoms are produced (such as numbness in fingers, and pain in the shoulder, arm, and neck) due to compression of nerves and/or blood vessels in the upper chest. […] Symptoms include neck, shoulder, and arm pain, numbness in the fingers, or impaired circulation and flushed sensations to the extremities (causing discoloration). The involved upper extremity can feel weak. Often symptoms are reproduced or worsened when the arm is positioned above the shoulder or extended. Patients can have a wide spectrum of symptoms from mild and intermittent to severe and constant. Pains can extend to the fingers and hands, causing weakness. […] Most people with thoracic outlet syndrome can have complete resolution of symptoms with conservative measures, including exercises specific for thoracic outlet syndrome, physical therapy, and avoiding stressing the tissues of the thoracic outlet. It can be helpful to avoid sleeping with the arms extended above the head. Rarely, surgical intervention can be necessary to take pressure off of involved nerves and blood vessels.

• #17 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome is a term used for several rare and different conditions that can occur when nerves and/or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet are compressed (squeezed) or irritated. […] Patients with thoracic outlet syndrome often experience a variety of symptoms. Which symptoms you have often depends on which nerves or blood vessels are compressed. Symptoms from nerve compression are much more common than symptoms from blood vessel compression; they are also easier to diagnose. […] The following are common signs of thoracic outlet syndrome: […] Pressure on the nerves (brachial plexus) may cause: A vague, aching pain in the neck, shoulder, arm, or hand; Pain, numbness, or tingling on the inside of the forearm and the fourth and fifth fingers of the hand; Weakness that may make your hand clumsy.

• #18

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40122-019-0124-2

  A systematic review by Sanders et al. described symptom distribution in neurogenic TOS to include upper extremity paresthesia (98%), neck pain (88%), trapezius pain (92%), shoulder and/or arm pain (88%), supraclavicular pain (76%), chest pain (72%), occipital headache (76%), and paresthesias in all five fingers (58%), the fourth and fifth fingers only (26%), or the first, second, and third fingers. […] Pain is typically distributed along the posterior of anterior shoulder with radiculopathy down the arm in a medio-brachial distribution along the inner aspect of the arm. […] Neurogenic TOS is caused by compression of the C5 through T1 brachial plexus nerve roots and comprises up to 90% of total TOS cases. […] Venous TOS, also referred to as Pagetvon Schroetter syndrome, comprises 10-15% of cases, and is caused by subclavian compression within the costoclavicular space.

• #19 Overcoming Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Step-by-Step Guide – Part 1

  https://www.motionspecificrelease.com/post/resolving-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos-part-1

  Many individuals experience hand numbness or tingling during computer usage, driving, or upon awakening. […] These symptoms are often accompanied by neck stiffness, shoulder tension, chest constriction, and pain radiating down the arms and hands. […] TOS manifests in three distinct forms: Arterial, Venous, or Neurogenic, with each type involving compression of an artery, vein, or nerve, respectively. A vast majority of TOS cases, over 90%, are associated with nerve compression (neurogenic TOS). […] Typical symptoms of Neurogenic TOS encompass: Weakness: This may involve weakness and fatigue in the upper extremity. […] Neck Pain: Lateral neck pain is most common, primarily affecting the trapezius (92%) and scalene muscles. […] Headaches: Occipital headaches are experienced by 76% of TOS patients.

• #20 Overcoming Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Step-by-Step Guide – Part 1

  https://www.motionspecificrelease.com/post/resolving-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos-part-1

  Shoulder or Arm Pain: Shoulder pain might indicate neurogenic TOS, as it is less common in arterial or venous TOS. Shoulder and arm pain affects 88% of TOS patients. […] Chest Pain: Roughly 72% of TOS patients experience chest pain. […] Altered Hand Sensation: Approximately 58% of TOS patients encounter altered sensations (paresthesias) in their hands. […] Ulnar Nerve Distribution: Ulnar distribution is more prevalent in TOS than median or radial nerve involvement. Over 90% of TOS cases are neurogenic, with 70-90% presenting ulnar nerve distribution. […] Arterial TOS symptoms involve reduced blood flow, coldness, and pain. In Venous TOS, swelling in the upper extremity may be present, along with increased pain or tingling during activity.

• #21 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome-Most common TOS type

  https://www.tosmri.com/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Neurogenic TOS is by far the most common type of thoracic outlet syndrome. […] Symptoms of neurogenic TOS vary significantly between patients, and may vary over the course of a day within any single patient. Patients often experience sensory symptoms first. These include pain, numbness and tingling. Additionally, as the disease progresses, patients may note loss of coordination, or weakness of grip. Also, dysregulation of blood flow may cause temperature changes of the arm, hand or fingers.

• #22 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome-Most common TOS type

  https://www.tosmri.com/what-is-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/types-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Neurogenic TOS is by far the most common type of thoracic outlet syndrome. […] Symptoms of neurogenic TOS vary significantly between patients, and may vary over the course of a day within any single patient. Patients often experience sensory symptoms first. These include pain, numbness and tingling. Additionally, as the disease progresses, patients may note loss of coordination, or weakness of grip. Also, dysregulation of blood flow may cause temperature changes of the arm, hand or fingers.

• #23 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17553-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos

  Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) occurs when theres compression of nerves or blood vessels in your lower neck and upper chest. Symptoms include pain, tingling and numbness in your arms and hands. […] Thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms affect your upper body (neck, upper chest, shoulder, arm or hand), typically on one side. You may have: Pain, which may worsen when you lift your arms. Tingling or pins and needles. Numbness. Weakness. Swelling or heaviness. Skin color changes (skin that looks pale or blue). Skin that feels cool to the touch. Slow-healing sores on your fingers. […] The specific symptoms you feel can vary depending on the type of TOS you have. […] Thoracic outlet syndrome can cause pain in your neck, upper chest, shoulder and arm. This may feel like a dull ache, and it may worsen when you move your arms.

• #24 Thoracic outlet syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353988

  Thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms can vary depending on the type. When nerves are compressed, symptoms of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome include: Numbness or tingling in the arm or fingers. Pain or aches in the neck, shoulder, arm or hand. Arm fatigue with activity. A weakening grip. […] Symptoms of venous thoracic outlet syndrome can include: A change in the color of the hand or one or more fingers. Hand or arm pain and swelling. […] Symptoms of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome can include: A pulsating lump near the collarbone. Cold fingers, hands or arms. Hand and arm pain. A change in color in one or more of the fingers or the entire hand. Weak or no pulse in the affected arm. […] See your healthcare professional if you regularly experience any of the symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome.

• #25 Thoracic outlet syndrome – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/592

  The most common symptoms include the spontaneous onset of substantial arm swelling, cyanotic discoloration, aching discomfort, and enlargement of the superficial subcutaneous veins in the shoulder, upper chest, and arm. […] Arterial TOS refers to symptoms arising from long-standing compression and damage to the subclavian artery, usually in the setting of a bony abnormality (e.g., cervical rib). […] The injury results from chronic external compression of the artery at the scalene triangle and may take the form of chronic arterial narrowing (stenosis), thrombotic occlusion, or the development of aneurysmal enlargement. […] In instances where major arteries are occluded in the upper extremity, symptoms are typically acute and severe with concern for possible tissue loss in the extremity, prompting emergency treatment.

• #26 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  Signs and Symptoms of VTOS: Patients may have some symptoms that are similar to NTOS. […] If the vein clots off (thromboses), patients will have a blue, swollen arm with significant discomfort. […] Patients with VTOS with a vein that has not thrombosed typically have arm swelling, fullness, heaviness, aching and a change in color with overhead activity. […] This is the least common form of TOS and is due to compression of the subclavian artery between the first rib, collarbone (clavicle) and scalene muscles. Patients with ATOS can have atypical bands of muscle or a cervical rib that cause significant compression and injury to the subclavian artery. ATOS results from repetitive injury to the subclavian artery from anatomic compression that can result in narrowing (stenosis) of the artery, an aneurysm or formation of a clot that can embolize distally to the arm, forearm, hand or brain.

• #27 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Treatment

  https://nevadanervesurgery.org/conditions-we-treat/thoracic-outlet-syndrome-treatment/

  Venous TOS typically presents with abrupt, spontaneous swelling of the entire arm along with pain, heaviness, and a bluish discoloration of the arm. […] Arterial TOS usually presents with a sudden onset of pain and weakness in the affected arm, along with numbness or tingling of the hand and fingers. The arm and hand may appear pale and be cold to the touch. Use of the arm can result in rapid fatigue of the muscles or claudication which is pain similar to a muscle cramp.

• #28 Thoracic outlet syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353988

  Thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms can vary depending on the type. When nerves are compressed, symptoms of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome include: Numbness or tingling in the arm or fingers. Pain or aches in the neck, shoulder, arm or hand. Arm fatigue with activity. A weakening grip. […] Symptoms of venous thoracic outlet syndrome can include: A change in the color of the hand or one or more fingers. Hand or arm pain and swelling. […] Symptoms of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome can include: A pulsating lump near the collarbone. Cold fingers, hands or arms. Hand and arm pain. A change in color in one or more of the fingers or the entire hand. Weak or no pulse in the affected arm. […] See your healthcare professional if you regularly experience any of the symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome.

• #29 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  Symptoms of arterial TOS, in which an artery under the collarbone is compressed, may include: Arm and hand pain; Numbness in hand and/or fingers; Arm and hand coolness and paleness. […] In general, the outlook for people with TOS is excellent. For the vast majority of people about 90% of cases the condition can be successfully treated with physical therapy and lifestyle changes. Outcomes after surgery are also good. However, some people may experience recurring symptoms after physical therapy and surgical treatment. In these cases, additional treatment, including an additional surgical procedure, may help alleviate symptoms.

• #30 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  Signs and Symptoms of ATOS: Patients may experience symptoms that are similar to NTOS. […] They may also experience: A pulsating mass above the collarbone. […] Exercise-induced arm discomfort resulting from insufficient blood flow to the arm. […] Pain, numbness, tingling, cold sensation, pale/mottled hand or fingers with black spots, fingertip ulceration or gangrene.

• #31 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/surgery/thoracic-surgery/thoracic-diseases-and-conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms can vary, depending on which structures are compressed. […] When Nerves are Compressed: Gilliatt-Sumner Hand: A condition in which muscles of the hand, particularly around the base of the thumb, atrophy or waste away. Numbness or tingling in your arm or fingers. Pain or aches in your neck, shoulder or hand. Weak grip. […] When Veins are Compressed: Arm fatigue with activity. Arm pain and swelling. Blood clot in veins or arteries in the upper area of your body. Bluish color to your hand (cyanosis). Cold fingers, hands or arms. Numbness or tingling in your fingers. Throbbing lump near your collarbone. Weak or no pulse in the affected arm. Weakness of arm or neck. […] When Arteries are Compressed: Sudden onset of hand pain and weakness. Numbness and tingling in the fingers. Cold and pale fingers. Chronic arm fatigue with use. Non-Healing wounds or ulcerations in the fingers.

• #32 Five Symptoms That Should Make You Think of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Testing, Specialists, Symptoms, Exercises,

  https://www.tosmri.com/five-symptoms-that-should-make-you-think-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Venous thoracic outlet syndrome can cause swelling in the hands, fingers, and arms. The veins in the anterior chest wall and shoulder may also become prominent. […] Thoracic outlet syndrome can lead to chronic pain in the neck, shoulders, arms, and hands. This will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the person’s quality of life. […] Nerve compression in the thoracic outlet region may cause permanent nerve damage and resultant muscle weakness. […] Compressing blood vessels is another consequence of TOS. This may increase the risk of blood clot in the veins or arteries, and arterial aneurysm, seen as a pulsatile mass in the lower neck. […] Untreated thoracic outlet syndrome often decreases the range of motion in the neck, shoulders, and arms due to pain, poor posture, and muscle weakness.

• #33 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Pressure on the blood vessels can reduce the flow of blood out of your arm, resulting in swelling, redness, or other discoloration of your arm. Less commonly, pressure can reduce the blood flow into your arm and hand, making them feel cool and easily fatigued (tired). […] Overhead activities are particularly difficult because they worsen both types of compression as the rib, collarbone, and/or shoulder blade compress the nerves and blood vessels. […] Your range of motion may be limited.

• #34 Avoid these 7 things if you have Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – MT Physio

  https://www.mtphysioclinic.co.uk/avoid-these-7-things-if-you-have-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a condition that involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels between the collarbone (clavicle), the first rib and the scalene muscles. This compression can lead to pain in the neck and chest, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arm and hand. […] One of the most common triggers for TOS symptoms is repetitive overhead movements. Actions like lifting objects above shoulder height, painting, swimming, or serving in tennis can increase pressure on the thoracic outlet, compressing the nerves and blood vessels. […] Carrying heavy objects, particularly in awkward positions, can strain the shoulders, neck, and chest, which worsens TOS symptoms. […] Slouching, forward head posture, and rounded shoulders are common postural habits that can contribute to the development and worsening of TOS.

• #35 Avoid these 7 things if you have Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – MT Physio

  https://www.mtphysioclinic.co.uk/avoid-these-7-things-if-you-have-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Shoulder bags, purses, or backpacks that place an uneven load on one shoulder are a major contributor to TOS symptoms. […] Sitting or standing in the same position for extended periods can worsen TOS symptoms. […] Certain exercises, particularly those involving overhead presses, chin-ups, and shoulder-intensive movements, can increase strain on the thoracic outlet. […] Emotional stress and tension can contribute to muscle tightness, particularly in the neck, shoulders, and upper back. Tension in these areas can increase compression on the thoracic outlet. […] Living with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome requires making careful adjustments to lifestyle and work. Avoiding repetitive overhead movements, heavy lifting, poor posture, and stress can help prevent further compression of the nerves and blood vessels.

• #36 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Signs & Symptoms | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  You may experience various symptoms, depending on which of type of TOS you have. […] Signs of neurogenic TOS are as follows: Pain or aches in your neck, back of the head or shoulder. Tingling or numbness in your fingers, hand or arm. Increased discomfort or weakness when you raise your arm for extended periods of time. For example, they may worsen when you’re combing your hair or putting away dishes in upper kitchen cabinets. […] Signs of venous TOS are as follows: Edema (swelling) of the arm, hand or fingers. Noticeably swollen veins in the chest, neck or shoulder. Bluish discoloration in the upper body. […] Signs of arterial TOS are as follows: Cold or discolored (white) hand. Pain in the hand and arm. Open sores on the fingers. […] Without treatment, your TOS may cause these other health problems: Permanent arm swelling, pain or weakness. Permanent nerve damage. Gangrene (when blood stops flowing to a specific area of your body, resulting in dead body tissue). Blood clots.

• #37 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) | Center for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Washington University in St. Louis

  https://tos.wustl.edu/for-patients/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos/

  Many patients experience discomfort when their bodies are in specific positions. Symptoms may be brought on while lying supine, especially when the arms are positioned overhead, resulting in pain, numbness, tingling and difficulty sleeping. […] Many patients with neurogenic TOS describe substantial symptoms of pain and tension in the neck and/or upper back, and these symptoms are often perceived to be the most functionally disabling. […] Symptoms of neurogenic TOS often can be: Variable throughout the day […] The presence of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS, formerly known as causalgia or reflex sympathetic dystrophy) may also exist in patients with neurogenic TOS. […] The identification of co-existing CRPS is important in patients with neurogenic TOS, because it may substantially alter the diagnostic and treatment options to be considered. […] Although most patients with neurogenic TOS exhibit substantial improvement in symptoms within the first several months of operation, some will continue to have more steady improvement over a period as long as 1 to 2 years after surgery.

• #38 Thoracic outlet syndrome: definition, aetiological factors, diagnosis, management and occupational impact

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3526474/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome covers a wide range of manifestations due to compression of nerves and vessels during their passage through the cervicothoracobrachial region. […] Painful neurological forms of TOS account for 97% of all cases of TOS according to Roos. They are typically responsible for symptoms in the C8-T1 distribution (medial aspect of the arm, ulnar border of the forearm and hand), but the C7 nerve root and sometimes the superior trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6) may be responsible. […] The patient develops more or less adapted compensations with secondary dysfunction of the whole upper limb. In this case, the secondary imbalance of neck and shoulder muscles is responsible for TOS, which in turn exacerbates the symptoms and can be responsible for chronic disorders. […] Thoracic outlet symptoms have generally been present for several years and are more or less well tolerated by the patient. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated by unusual activities or periods of stress. […] At an advanced stage, treatment may still be able to relieve pain, but the possibilities of motor recovery are very limited and sequelae are frequent.

• #39 Thoracic outlet syndrome – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353994

  Diagnosing thoracic outlet syndrome can be challenging. Symptoms can vary greatly among people. Your healthcare professional may review your symptoms and medical history and conduct a physical exam. You also may need imaging and other types of tests. […] Symptoms associated with thoracic outlet syndrome can be caused by a number of other conditions. This can make it hard to diagnose. Many people experience thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms for years before they are diagnosed with the condition. Discuss your concerns with your healthcare professional if your symptoms persist and a diagnosis hasn’t been made.

• #40 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a constellation of upper extremity symptoms from compression of neurovascular structures coursing through the thoracic inlet. […] nTOS can rarely cause lasting nerve damage if left untreated, resulting in atrophy, pain and paresthesias. […] vTOS can lead to complications including arm swelling, pain, ischemic ulceration, gangrene, and thromboembolic events. […] aTOS can lead to mural thrombus formation, embolization, aneurysm degeneration of subclavian artery due to pressure build up from decreased flow, and limb-threatening ischemia. […] Symptoms include limb coldness, pallor, arm fatigue, and claudication with exercise and arm elevation. […] Symptoms include swelling, edema, cyanosis, and exercise-induced limb pain. […] Symptoms include arm pain and paresthesias, cervical and shoulder pain. nTOS may present with painless hand muscle atrophy, weakness of grip strength due to hand intrinsic muscle wasting, and paresthesias. […] Symptoms are worse with activities that involve overloading, such as picking up an object on a high shelf or involving pronounced limb extension. […] With nTOS, symptoms are initially mild and intermittent, increasing in frequency and severity with time.

• #41 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) | Center for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Washington University in St. Louis

  https://tos.wustl.edu/for-patients/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos/

  Important characteristics of neurogenic TOS include: […] Most individuals with neurogenic TOS have only positional upper extremity complaints and are affected to a mild and tolerable degree. These symptoms are usually due to transient irritation of the brachial plexus in certain positions or activities of the arm. […] A smaller subset of patients with neurogenic TOS exhibit progressively disabling symptoms, which effectively prevent them from working or carrying out simple daily activities. […] The symptoms of neurogenic TOS are typically present throughout the affected arm or hand, and often involve different areas of the entire upper extremity. […] Symptoms consist of one or more of the following: Pain, numbness or tingling in the shoulder, arm or hand […] Almost all patients with neurogenic TOS describe reproducible exacerbation of symptoms with arm elevation or sustained overhead use of the arms or hands.

• #42 Thoracic outlet syndrome: definition, aetiological factors, diagnosis, management and occupational impact

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3526474/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome covers a wide range of manifestations due to compression of nerves and vessels during their passage through the cervicothoracobrachial region. […] Painful neurological forms of TOS account for 97% of all cases of TOS according to Roos. They are typically responsible for symptoms in the C8-T1 distribution (medial aspect of the arm, ulnar border of the forearm and hand), but the C7 nerve root and sometimes the superior trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6) may be responsible. […] The patient develops more or less adapted compensations with secondary dysfunction of the whole upper limb. In this case, the secondary imbalance of neck and shoulder muscles is responsible for TOS, which in turn exacerbates the symptoms and can be responsible for chronic disorders. […] Thoracic outlet symptoms have generally been present for several years and are more or less well tolerated by the patient. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated by unusual activities or periods of stress. […] At an advanced stage, treatment may still be able to relieve pain, but the possibilities of motor recovery are very limited and sequelae are frequent.

• #43 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) | Center for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Washington University in St. Louis

  https://tos.wustl.edu/for-patients/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos/

  Important characteristics of neurogenic TOS include: […] Most individuals with neurogenic TOS have only positional upper extremity complaints and are affected to a mild and tolerable degree. These symptoms are usually due to transient irritation of the brachial plexus in certain positions or activities of the arm. […] A smaller subset of patients with neurogenic TOS exhibit progressively disabling symptoms, which effectively prevent them from working or carrying out simple daily activities. […] The symptoms of neurogenic TOS are typically present throughout the affected arm or hand, and often involve different areas of the entire upper extremity. […] Symptoms consist of one or more of the following: Pain, numbness or tingling in the shoulder, arm or hand […] Almost all patients with neurogenic TOS describe reproducible exacerbation of symptoms with arm elevation or sustained overhead use of the arms or hands.

• #44 Thoracic outlet syndrome: definition, aetiological factors, diagnosis, management and occupational impact

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3526474/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome covers a wide range of manifestations due to compression of nerves and vessels during their passage through the cervicothoracobrachial region. […] Painful neurological forms of TOS account for 97% of all cases of TOS according to Roos. They are typically responsible for symptoms in the C8-T1 distribution (medial aspect of the arm, ulnar border of the forearm and hand), but the C7 nerve root and sometimes the superior trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6) may be responsible. […] The patient develops more or less adapted compensations with secondary dysfunction of the whole upper limb. In this case, the secondary imbalance of neck and shoulder muscles is responsible for TOS, which in turn exacerbates the symptoms and can be responsible for chronic disorders. […] Thoracic outlet symptoms have generally been present for several years and are more or less well tolerated by the patient. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated by unusual activities or periods of stress. […] At an advanced stage, treatment may still be able to relieve pain, but the possibilities of motor recovery are very limited and sequelae are frequent.

• #45 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17553-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos

  Without treatment, thoracic outlet syndrome can lead to serious complications, including: Axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis. Chronic arm swelling and pain, especially in people with venous TOS. Gangrene. Open sores (ischemic ulcers) on fingers from reduced blood flow. Permanent nerve damage. Pulmonary embolism. […] The outlook for people with thoracic outlet syndrome varies based on the type.

• #46 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a constellation of upper extremity symptoms from compression of neurovascular structures coursing through the thoracic inlet. […] nTOS can rarely cause lasting nerve damage if left untreated, resulting in atrophy, pain and paresthesias. […] vTOS can lead to complications including arm swelling, pain, ischemic ulceration, gangrene, and thromboembolic events. […] aTOS can lead to mural thrombus formation, embolization, aneurysm degeneration of subclavian artery due to pressure build up from decreased flow, and limb-threatening ischemia. […] Symptoms include limb coldness, pallor, arm fatigue, and claudication with exercise and arm elevation. […] Symptoms include swelling, edema, cyanosis, and exercise-induced limb pain. […] Symptoms include arm pain and paresthesias, cervical and shoulder pain. nTOS may present with painless hand muscle atrophy, weakness of grip strength due to hand intrinsic muscle wasting, and paresthesias. […] Symptoms are worse with activities that involve overloading, such as picking up an object on a high shelf or involving pronounced limb extension. […] With nTOS, symptoms are initially mild and intermittent, increasing in frequency and severity with time.

• #47 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  Signs and Symptoms of VTOS: Patients may have some symptoms that are similar to NTOS. […] If the vein clots off (thromboses), patients will have a blue, swollen arm with significant discomfort. […] Patients with VTOS with a vein that has not thrombosed typically have arm swelling, fullness, heaviness, aching and a change in color with overhead activity. […] This is the least common form of TOS and is due to compression of the subclavian artery between the first rib, collarbone (clavicle) and scalene muscles. Patients with ATOS can have atypical bands of muscle or a cervical rib that cause significant compression and injury to the subclavian artery. ATOS results from repetitive injury to the subclavian artery from anatomic compression that can result in narrowing (stenosis) of the artery, an aneurysm or formation of a clot that can embolize distally to the arm, forearm, hand or brain.

• #48 Thoracic outlet syndrome – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/592

  The most common symptoms include the spontaneous onset of substantial arm swelling, cyanotic discoloration, aching discomfort, and enlargement of the superficial subcutaneous veins in the shoulder, upper chest, and arm. […] Arterial TOS refers to symptoms arising from long-standing compression and damage to the subclavian artery, usually in the setting of a bony abnormality (e.g., cervical rib). […] The injury results from chronic external compression of the artery at the scalene triangle and may take the form of chronic arterial narrowing (stenosis), thrombotic occlusion, or the development of aneurysmal enlargement. […] In instances where major arteries are occluded in the upper extremity, symptoms are typically acute and severe with concern for possible tissue loss in the extremity, prompting emergency treatment.

• #49 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17553-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos

  Without treatment, thoracic outlet syndrome can lead to serious complications, including: Axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis. Chronic arm swelling and pain, especially in people with venous TOS. Gangrene. Open sores (ischemic ulcers) on fingers from reduced blood flow. Permanent nerve damage. Pulmonary embolism. […] The outlook for people with thoracic outlet syndrome varies based on the type.

• #50 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Signs & Symptoms | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  You may experience various symptoms, depending on which of type of TOS you have. […] Signs of neurogenic TOS are as follows: Pain or aches in your neck, back of the head or shoulder. Tingling or numbness in your fingers, hand or arm. Increased discomfort or weakness when you raise your arm for extended periods of time. For example, they may worsen when you’re combing your hair or putting away dishes in upper kitchen cabinets. […] Signs of venous TOS are as follows: Edema (swelling) of the arm, hand or fingers. Noticeably swollen veins in the chest, neck or shoulder. Bluish discoloration in the upper body. […] Signs of arterial TOS are as follows: Cold or discolored (white) hand. Pain in the hand and arm. Open sores on the fingers. […] Without treatment, your TOS may cause these other health problems: Permanent arm swelling, pain or weakness. Permanent nerve damage. Gangrene (when blood stops flowing to a specific area of your body, resulting in dead body tissue). Blood clots.

• #51 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) | Center for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Washington University in St. Louis

  https://tos.wustl.edu/for-patients/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos/

  Many patients experience discomfort when their bodies are in specific positions. Symptoms may be brought on while lying supine, especially when the arms are positioned overhead, resulting in pain, numbness, tingling and difficulty sleeping. […] Many patients with neurogenic TOS describe substantial symptoms of pain and tension in the neck and/or upper back, and these symptoms are often perceived to be the most functionally disabling. […] Symptoms of neurogenic TOS often can be: Variable throughout the day […] The presence of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS, formerly known as causalgia or reflex sympathetic dystrophy) may also exist in patients with neurogenic TOS. […] The identification of co-existing CRPS is important in patients with neurogenic TOS, because it may substantially alter the diagnostic and treatment options to be considered. […] Although most patients with neurogenic TOS exhibit substantial improvement in symptoms within the first several months of operation, some will continue to have more steady improvement over a period as long as 1 to 2 years after surgery.

• #52 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a constellation of upper extremity symptoms from compression of neurovascular structures coursing through the thoracic inlet. […] nTOS can rarely cause lasting nerve damage if left untreated, resulting in atrophy, pain and paresthesias. […] vTOS can lead to complications including arm swelling, pain, ischemic ulceration, gangrene, and thromboembolic events. […] aTOS can lead to mural thrombus formation, embolization, aneurysm degeneration of subclavian artery due to pressure build up from decreased flow, and limb-threatening ischemia. […] Symptoms include limb coldness, pallor, arm fatigue, and claudication with exercise and arm elevation. […] Symptoms include swelling, edema, cyanosis, and exercise-induced limb pain. […] Symptoms include arm pain and paresthesias, cervical and shoulder pain. nTOS may present with painless hand muscle atrophy, weakness of grip strength due to hand intrinsic muscle wasting, and paresthesias. […] Symptoms are worse with activities that involve overloading, such as picking up an object on a high shelf or involving pronounced limb extension. […] With nTOS, symptoms are initially mild and intermittent, increasing in frequency and severity with time.

• #53 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Symptoms | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/pulmonary/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/symptoms

  The most common symptom of thoracic outlet syndrome is pain or numbness in the shoulder, arm, hand and fingers. Other symptoms may include: […] Weakness of the neck, arm or hand/grip […] Limited range of arm motion […] Arm pain, swelling or unusual redness […] Neck pain […] Cyanosis (bluish tint to the skin) or lack of color in the arm […] Cold arm, hand or fingers […] Weak pulse […] Muscle wasting at the base of the thumb. A possible complication of thoracic outlet syndrome is a blood clot in a vein of the arm. Blood clots can travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism). […] If your arm is suddenly cool to the touch, swollen or a lighter color than the rest of your skin, or if you suddenly have pain while breathing or shortness of breath, seek medical attention immediately. […] Thoracic outlet syndrome refers to a set of symptoms in the shoulder, arm or hand when the thoracic outlet is narrowed and putting pressure on the nerves and blood vessels.

• #54 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a constellation of upper extremity symptoms from compression of neurovascular structures coursing through the thoracic inlet. […] nTOS can rarely cause lasting nerve damage if left untreated, resulting in atrophy, pain and paresthesias. […] vTOS can lead to complications including arm swelling, pain, ischemic ulceration, gangrene, and thromboembolic events. […] aTOS can lead to mural thrombus formation, embolization, aneurysm degeneration of subclavian artery due to pressure build up from decreased flow, and limb-threatening ischemia. […] Symptoms include limb coldness, pallor, arm fatigue, and claudication with exercise and arm elevation. […] Symptoms include swelling, edema, cyanosis, and exercise-induced limb pain. […] Symptoms include arm pain and paresthesias, cervical and shoulder pain. nTOS may present with painless hand muscle atrophy, weakness of grip strength due to hand intrinsic muscle wasting, and paresthesias. […] Symptoms are worse with activities that involve overloading, such as picking up an object on a high shelf or involving pronounced limb extension. […] With nTOS, symptoms are initially mild and intermittent, increasing in frequency and severity with time.

• #55 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/tos

  Arterial TOS occurs when the muscles and bones surrounding the thoracic outlet rub against (impinge) the subclavian artery, the artery that supplies blood to the arm. This can result in loss of blood flow to the arm and make your arm feel cold and painful. […] If left untreated, TOS can cause complications, such as: Permanent nerve damage and other neurological complications, Permanent arm swelling and pain, especially in patients with venous TOS, Blood clots, Pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening condition in which a blood clot travels to the lungs, Gangrene, the death of tissue often caused by a loss of blood flow. […] Most cases of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome can be treated with physical therapy and medication. Severe cases may require surgery. […] Although neurogenic TOS can often be treated with exercise and physical therapy, you may need surgery if your symptoms continue despite these treatments.

• #56 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) refers to a constellation of upper extremity symptoms from compression of neurovascular structures coursing through the thoracic inlet. […] nTOS can rarely cause lasting nerve damage if left untreated, resulting in atrophy, pain and paresthesias. […] vTOS can lead to complications including arm swelling, pain, ischemic ulceration, gangrene, and thromboembolic events. […] aTOS can lead to mural thrombus formation, embolization, aneurysm degeneration of subclavian artery due to pressure build up from decreased flow, and limb-threatening ischemia. […] Symptoms include limb coldness, pallor, arm fatigue, and claudication with exercise and arm elevation. […] Symptoms include swelling, edema, cyanosis, and exercise-induced limb pain. […] Symptoms include arm pain and paresthesias, cervical and shoulder pain. nTOS may present with painless hand muscle atrophy, weakness of grip strength due to hand intrinsic muscle wasting, and paresthesias. […] Symptoms are worse with activities that involve overloading, such as picking up an object on a high shelf or involving pronounced limb extension. […] With nTOS, symptoms are initially mild and intermittent, increasing in frequency and severity with time.

• #57 Thoracic outlet syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_outlet_syndrome

  Symptoms Pain, weakness, loss of muscle at the base of the thumb, swelling, paleness, bluish coloration. […] The neurogenic type is the most common and presents with pain, weakness, paraesthesia, and occasionally loss of muscle at the base of the thumb. […] The venous type results in swelling, pain, and possibly a bluish coloration of the arm. […] The arterial type results in pain, coldness, and pallor of the arm. […] TOS affects mainly the upper limbs, with signs and symptoms manifesting in the shoulders, neck, arms and hands. Pain can be present on an intermittent or permanent basis. It can be sharp/stabbing, burning, or aching. […] Discoloration of the hands, one hand colder than the other hand, weakness of the hand and arm muscles, and tingling are commonly present. […] TOS can also lead to eye problems and vision loss as a circumstance of vertebral artery compression.

• #58 Thoracic outlet syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_outlet_syndrome

  If left untreated, TOS can lead to neurological deficits as a result of the hypoperfusion and hypometabolism of certain areas of the brain and cerebellum. […] TOS has similar symptoms to pectoralis minor syndrome (PMS), which usually results from compression of the braxial plexus beneath the pectoralis minor muscle. […] The symptoms of TOS can first appear in the early teen years as a child is becoming more athletic.

• #59 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17553-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos

  Without treatment, thoracic outlet syndrome can lead to serious complications, including: Axillo-subclavian vein thrombosis. Chronic arm swelling and pain, especially in people with venous TOS. Gangrene. Open sores (ischemic ulcers) on fingers from reduced blood flow. Permanent nerve damage. Pulmonary embolism. […] The outlook for people with thoracic outlet syndrome varies based on the type.

• #60 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  Symptoms of arterial TOS, in which an artery under the collarbone is compressed, may include: Arm and hand pain; Numbness in hand and/or fingers; Arm and hand coolness and paleness. […] In general, the outlook for people with TOS is excellent. For the vast majority of people about 90% of cases the condition can be successfully treated with physical therapy and lifestyle changes. Outcomes after surgery are also good. However, some people may experience recurring symptoms after physical therapy and surgical treatment. In these cases, additional treatment, including an additional surgical procedure, may help alleviate symptoms.

• #61 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557450/

  Overall, the prognosis is excellent in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome. Patients who undergo conservative therapy have their symptoms resolve in about 90% of cases. Most of these individuals do not have relapses, as long as their injury was not the result of repetitive movements in which lifestyle modifications would be imperative.

• #62 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/96412-overview

  Thoracic outlet syndrome is not the name of a single entity but rather a collective title for a variety of conditions attributed to the compression of neurovascular structures as they traverse the thoracic outlet. […] The wide variability of symptoms and signs in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome and the lack of an objective confirmatory test for the diagnosis makes correctly identifying patients with thoracic outlet syndrome difficult. […] Thoracic outlet syndrome is more common in women, particularly those with poor muscular development, poor posture, or both. […] The onset of symptoms typically occurs in persons aged 20-50 years. […] Symptoms resolve with conservative therapy in approximately 90% of individuals. […] Postsurgical success rates over 1 year vary from 43-78%.

• #63 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557450/

  Overall, the prognosis is excellent in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome. Patients who undergo conservative therapy have their symptoms resolve in about 90% of cases. Most of these individuals do not have relapses, as long as their injury was not the result of repetitive movements in which lifestyle modifications would be imperative.

• #64 Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: When to consider the diagnosis and current management options

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2023/september/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  nTOS and its resulting compressive brachial plexopathy can lead to potentially disabling symptoms and reduced quality of life. […] This can result in a spectrum of symptoms from mild pain in the arm and shoulder on excessive use to disabling motor wasting and sensory disturbance at rest. […] The primary presenting symptom of nTOS is usually pain and paraesthesia of the affected upper limb without any localisation to a specific nerve distribution. […] Radiation of pain into the neck, shoulder and thoracic region of the back is common. […] Patients with long-standing or severe nTOS may present with motor disturbance and hand muscle wasting. […] Most patients with mild nTOS or those in whom therapy was started soon after symptom onset will have significant improvement. […] Long-term symptom relief (12 months) and return to work has been reported in 5988% of nTOS patients managed conservatively.

• #65 Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: When to consider the diagnosis and current management options

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2023/september/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  In a meta-analysis of 10 observational studies, 5689% of patients with nTOS had symptom improvement after surgery. […] Among the patients with nTOS who did not respond to initial physiotherapy, a recent randomised controlled trial showed that decompressive surgery was more effective than ongoing conservative management in improving symptoms and function in the short term. […] Early referral and diagnosis are critical to achieving optimal outcomes for these patients.

• #66 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/96412-overview

  Thoracic outlet syndrome is not the name of a single entity but rather a collective title for a variety of conditions attributed to the compression of neurovascular structures as they traverse the thoracic outlet. […] The wide variability of symptoms and signs in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome and the lack of an objective confirmatory test for the diagnosis makes correctly identifying patients with thoracic outlet syndrome difficult. […] Thoracic outlet syndrome is more common in women, particularly those with poor muscular development, poor posture, or both. […] The onset of symptoms typically occurs in persons aged 20-50 years. […] Symptoms resolve with conservative therapy in approximately 90% of individuals. […] Postsurgical success rates over 1 year vary from 43-78%.

• #67 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/96412-overview

  A good surgical result means improvement, not total cure. […] Most patients are able to return to their previous lifestyle without difficulty. […] Job modification is required in individuals who perform repetitive activities, work on assembly lines, perform heavy laboring, or work with their arms elevated. […] Inform patients that symptoms recur in 15-20% of patients.

• #68 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/96412-overview

  A good surgical result means improvement, not total cure. […] Most patients are able to return to their previous lifestyle without difficulty. […] Job modification is required in individuals who perform repetitive activities, work on assembly lines, perform heavy laboring, or work with their arms elevated. […] Inform patients that symptoms recur in 15-20% of patients.

• #69 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) | Center for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Washington University in St. Louis

  https://tos.wustl.edu/for-patients/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos/

  Many patients experience discomfort when their bodies are in specific positions. Symptoms may be brought on while lying supine, especially when the arms are positioned overhead, resulting in pain, numbness, tingling and difficulty sleeping. […] Many patients with neurogenic TOS describe substantial symptoms of pain and tension in the neck and/or upper back, and these symptoms are often perceived to be the most functionally disabling. […] Symptoms of neurogenic TOS often can be: Variable throughout the day […] The presence of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS, formerly known as causalgia or reflex sympathetic dystrophy) may also exist in patients with neurogenic TOS. […] The identification of co-existing CRPS is important in patients with neurogenic TOS, because it may substantially alter the diagnostic and treatment options to be considered. […] Although most patients with neurogenic TOS exhibit substantial improvement in symptoms within the first several months of operation, some will continue to have more steady improvement over a period as long as 1 to 2 years after surgery.

• #70 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/96412-overview

  A good surgical result means improvement, not total cure. […] Most patients are able to return to their previous lifestyle without difficulty. […] Job modification is required in individuals who perform repetitive activities, work on assembly lines, perform heavy laboring, or work with their arms elevated. […] Inform patients that symptoms recur in 15-20% of patients.

• #71 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Thoracic outlet syndrome is a group of symptoms produced by pressure on the nerves and/or blood vessels as they pass through the thoracic outlet. […] Your child may complain of a dull, aching pain in the shoulder and neck that gets worse with activity. If the nerves are being compressed, your child may have numbness or tingling in the fingers and muscle weakness. When blood vessels are compressed, children often have puffiness, color change or a feeling of heaviness in the arm or hand. Symptoms can often be provoked when the arm is positioned above the shoulder or extended. […] In general, the longer you have symptoms before treatment, the longer it will take to get better.

• #72 Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: When to consider the diagnosis and current management options

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2023/september/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  In a meta-analysis of 10 observational studies, 5689% of patients with nTOS had symptom improvement after surgery. […] Among the patients with nTOS who did not respond to initial physiotherapy, a recent randomised controlled trial showed that decompressive surgery was more effective than ongoing conservative management in improving symptoms and function in the short term. […] Early referral and diagnosis are critical to achieving optimal outcomes for these patients.

• #73 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) | Center for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | Washington University in St. Louis

  https://tos.wustl.edu/for-patients/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome-tos/

  Many patients experience discomfort when their bodies are in specific positions. Symptoms may be brought on while lying supine, especially when the arms are positioned overhead, resulting in pain, numbness, tingling and difficulty sleeping. […] Many patients with neurogenic TOS describe substantial symptoms of pain and tension in the neck and/or upper back, and these symptoms are often perceived to be the most functionally disabling. […] Symptoms of neurogenic TOS often can be: Variable throughout the day […] The presence of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS, formerly known as causalgia or reflex sympathetic dystrophy) may also exist in patients with neurogenic TOS. […] The identification of co-existing CRPS is important in patients with neurogenic TOS, because it may substantially alter the diagnostic and treatment options to be considered. […] Although most patients with neurogenic TOS exhibit substantial improvement in symptoms within the first several months of operation, some will continue to have more steady improvement over a period as long as 1 to 2 years after surgery.

• #74 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  TOS most often causes symptoms in the upper body, such as the: […] Arm […] Back […] Hand […] Neck […] Symptoms vary based on the type of TOS. […] […] Symptoms of ATOS include: […] Cramping when using the arm. […] Pain, coldness, and paleness or change of color in the hand. […] […] Symptoms of VTOS include: […] Arm pain. […] Dilated chest wall veins. […] Heaviness or fullness. […] Swelling and dark color in the arm. […] […] Symptoms of NTOS include: […] A tired feeling in the arm. […] Headaches at the back of the head. […] Neck pain. […] Pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arm and hand. […] Pain that starts in the shoulder and moves down the arm into the fingertips. […] […] If you have TOS symptoms that dont go away, you should schedule an appointment with your doctor. […]

• #75 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  Symptoms of arterial TOS, in which an artery under the collarbone is compressed, may include: Arm and hand pain; Numbness in hand and/or fingers; Arm and hand coolness and paleness. […] In general, the outlook for people with TOS is excellent. For the vast majority of people about 90% of cases the condition can be successfully treated with physical therapy and lifestyle changes. Outcomes after surgery are also good. However, some people may experience recurring symptoms after physical therapy and surgical treatment. In these cases, additional treatment, including an additional surgical procedure, may help alleviate symptoms.

• #76 Five Symptoms That Should Make You Think of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Testing, Specialists, Symptoms, Exercises,

  https://www.tosmri.com/five-symptoms-that-should-make-you-think-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Venous thoracic outlet syndrome can cause swelling in the hands, fingers, and arms. The veins in the anterior chest wall and shoulder may also become prominent. […] Thoracic outlet syndrome can lead to chronic pain in the neck, shoulders, arms, and hands. This will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the person’s quality of life. […] Nerve compression in the thoracic outlet region may cause permanent nerve damage and resultant muscle weakness. […] Compressing blood vessels is another consequence of TOS. This may increase the risk of blood clot in the veins or arteries, and arterial aneurysm, seen as a pulsatile mass in the lower neck. […] Untreated thoracic outlet syndrome often decreases the range of motion in the neck, shoulders, and arms due to pain, poor posture, and muscle weakness.

• #77 Five Symptoms That Should Make You Think of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Testing, Specialists, Symptoms, Exercises,

  https://www.tosmri.com/five-symptoms-that-should-make-you-think-of-thoracic-outlet-syndrome/

  Chronic pain combined with decreased physical function can precipitate physical and emotional stress. Unfortunately, this can lead to personal and professional problems, including depression. […] TOS can impact an individual’s ability to perform their job, leading to decreased productivity and financial issues.

• #78

  https://www.massgeneral.org/condition/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  For patients with NTOS, pain is the most common symptom. This pain may involve the neck, the front and/or back of the upper chest, as well as the shoulder and arm. Specific symptoms may include: […] Patients symptoms may worsen with activity. Any combination of these symptoms may be present, and not all are required to have a diagnosis of NTOS. […] VTOS is caused by compression of the subclavian vein, which returns blood from the arms back into the chest and to the heart. […] Other symptoms of VTOS may include: […] ATOS is rare and occurs when compression within the thoracic outlet usually from a bone abnormality damages the artery, resulting in expansion of the artery (aneurysm) or blockage of the artery from a blood clot. […] Either situation can cause: […] The diagnosis of all forms of TOS begins with a careful and detailed history and physical examination. […] NTOS can be extremely difficult to diagnose, as other conditions of the neck or shoulder can cause symptoms nearly identical to TOS. […] The symptoms of TOS depend upon which areas are compressed within the thoracic outlet.

• #79 Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: When to consider the diagnosis and current management options

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2023/september/neurogenic-thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  nTOS and its resulting compressive brachial plexopathy can lead to potentially disabling symptoms and reduced quality of life. […] This can result in a spectrum of symptoms from mild pain in the arm and shoulder on excessive use to disabling motor wasting and sensory disturbance at rest. […] The primary presenting symptom of nTOS is usually pain and paraesthesia of the affected upper limb without any localisation to a specific nerve distribution. […] Radiation of pain into the neck, shoulder and thoracic region of the back is common. […] Patients with long-standing or severe nTOS may present with motor disturbance and hand muscle wasting. […] Most patients with mild nTOS or those in whom therapy was started soon after symptom onset will have significant improvement. […] Long-term symptom relief (12 months) and return to work has been reported in 5988% of nTOS patients managed conservatively.

• #80 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome

  Early diagnosis and treatment of TOS are key to reducing the risk of complications and delivering a successful treatment outcome. Your prognosis will depend on the type of TOS you have, as well as the severity of your condition. […] […] When diagnosed early, TOS treatment effectively manages symptoms and improves quality of life. […] Depending on the cause, TOS symptoms may go away without treatment or with nonsurgical care. However, if your symptoms come and go or dont get better, its important to see your doctor. Some types of TOS will not go away without minimally invasive or surgical care.

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