Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Gastritis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355807

  Gastritis is a general term for a group of conditions with one thing in common: Inflammation of the lining of the stomach. The inflammation of gastritis is most often the result of infection with the same bacterium that causes most stomach ulcers or the regular use of certain pain relievers. Drinking too much alcohol also can contribute to gastritis. […] Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining. The stomach lining is a mucus-lined barrier that protects the stomach wall. Weaknesses or injury to the barrier allows digestive juices to damage and inflame the stomach lining. Several diseases and conditions can increase the risk of gastritis. These include inflammatory conditions, such as Crohn’s disease. […] A bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori, also known as H. pylori, is one of the most common worldwide human infections. However, only some people with the infection develop gastritis or other upper gastrointestinal disorders.

• #1 Gastritis: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10349-gastritis

  Gastritis is inflammation in the soft mucous lining of your stomach. When its inflamed, it means its under attack. It might be from an infection, a substance you ingested or digestive chemicals. […] Gastritis is a response from your immune system to something already going on inside your stomach. Your immune system sends inflammatory cells to your stomach lining to fight infections and help repair the tissues. Inflammation causes the symptoms of gastritis, if you have any. But the original offender is something else something thats threatening your stomach lining. There are many possibilities. […] Infections are among the most common causes of gastritis, especially acute gastritis. Bacterial infections and viral infections associated with the stomach flu can cause a short-term reaction that usually clears by itself. H. pylori infection is a common, chronic bacterial infection that can cause chronic gastritis. Less commonly, parasite infections and fungal infections can also cause acute or chronic gastritis.

• #2 Gastritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544250/

  Gastritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining. […] The current classification of gastritis is based on time course (acute versus chronic), histological features, anatomical distribution, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. […] This activity describes the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, histopathology, evaluation, and recommended management of gastritis to enhance clinical competence when delivering patient care. […] Identify the risk factors associated with gastritis subtypes, including autoimmune, chemical, and Heliobacter pylori induced gastritis. […] Acute gastritis is temporary stomach lining inflammation caused by stress on the gastric mucosa, manifesting as either hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic symptoms. […] The primary cause of chronic gastritis is a Helicobacter pylori infection, which typically starts with a non-atrophic morphology.

• #2 Gastritis: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10349-gastritis

  Gastritis is inflammation in the soft mucous lining of your stomach. When its inflamed, it means its under attack. It might be from an infection, a substance you ingested or digestive chemicals. […] Gastritis is a response from your immune system to something already going on inside your stomach. Your immune system sends inflammatory cells to your stomach lining to fight infections and help repair the tissues. Inflammation causes the symptoms of gastritis, if you have any. But the original offender is something else something thats threatening your stomach lining. There are many possibilities. […] Infections are among the most common causes of gastritis, especially acute gastritis. Bacterial infections and viral infections associated with the stomach flu can cause a short-term reaction that usually clears by itself. H. pylori infection is a common, chronic bacterial infection that can cause chronic gastritis. Less commonly, parasite infections and fungal infections can also cause acute or chronic gastritis.

• #3 Gastritis: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments – Los Angeles Times

  https://www.latimes.com/doctors-scientists/medicine/primary-care/story/gastritis-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatments-guide

  Gastritis refers to the inflammation of the stomach lining. […] It has various types, including acute, chronic, atrophic, and non-atrophic, each with different causes and potential severity. […] Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common cause of gastritis. […] H. pylori is the most common cause of gastritis worldwide. […] This bacterium disrupts the protective mucus layer in the stomach allowing acid to irritate the tissue. […] Gastritis isn’t just about H. pylori. Several other factors can damage the stomach lining: Autoimmune Gastritis, Acute Erosive Gastritis, Celiac Disease and Food Allergies, Crohn’s Disease, Iatrogenic Gastritis, Major Surgery, and Medical History. […] Atrophic gastritis on the other hand involves the loss of gastric glandular cells and is often the result of long-standing H. pylori infection. […] Chronic gastritis, especially with H. pylori, elevates stomach cancer risk and can cause digestive disorders.

• #4 Acute Gastritis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175909-overview

  H pylori gastritis typically starts as an acute gastritis in the antrum, causing intense inflammation and, over time, it may extend to involve the entire gastric mucosa, resulting in chronic gastritis. […] Reactive gastropathy is the second most common diagnosis made on gastric biopsy specimens after H pylori gastritis. This entity is believed to be secondary to bile reflux and was originally reported after partial gastrectomy (Billroth I or II). […] Tuberculosis is a rare cause of gastritis, but an increasing number of cases have developed in patients who are immunocompromised. Gastritis caused by tuberculosis is generally associated with pulmonary or disseminated disease. […] Phlegmonous gastritis is an uncommon form of gastritis caused by numerous bacterial agents, including streptococci, staphylococci, Proteus species, Clostridium species, and Escherichia coli.

• #5 Gastritis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/treatments/gastritis-treatment

  Eating certain foods, like chocolate, caffeine, spicy or greasy foods. These foods can irritate the stomach and contribute to inflammation. […] A bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This is a common bacteria that can often be silent for years, causing no symptoms, but then activate and start causing gastritis. […] Up to half of the world’s population is thought to have H.pylori infecting their stomach, but the majority of people with this bacteria do not develop gastritis. […] Why this bacteria causes gastritis in some people and not others isn’t yet clear, but it could be because some people are more genetically predisposed to the harmful effects of H. pylori.

• #6 Causes of Stomach Cancer | How Do You Get Stomach Cancer? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html

  Both atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia can lead to having too few gland cells, which would normally secrete substances that help protect the cells in the stomachs inner lining. Damage to the DNA inside these cells can sometimes lead to dysplasia, in which the cells become larger and very abnormal looking (more like cancer cells). In some cases, dysplasia can then progress to stomach cancer. […] Recent research has provided clues on how some stomach cancers form. For instance, H pylori bacteria, particularly certain subtypes, can convert substances in some foods into chemicals that cause mutations (changes) in the DNA of the cells in the stomach lining. This may help explain why certain foods such as preserved meats increase a persons risk for stomach cancer. […] Cancers can be caused by DNA changes that keep oncogenes turned on, or that turn off tumor suppressor genes. […] Most of the gene changes that lead to stomach cancer occur after birth. Some of these acquired mutations might be caused by risk factors such as H pylori infection or tobacco use. But other gene changes may just be random events that sometimes happen inside cells, without having an outside cause.

• #7 Gastritis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355807

  Pain relievers known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, also called NSAIDs, can cause both acute gastritis and chronic gastritis. […] Older adults have an increased risk of gastritis because the stomach lining tends to thin with age. […] Alcohol can irritate and break down your stomach lining. This makes your stomach more vulnerable to digestive juices. Excessive alcohol use is more likely to cause acute gastritis. […] Severe stress due to major surgery, injury, burns or severe infections can cause acute gastritis. […] Autoimmune gastritis is more common in people with other autoimmune disorders. These include Hashimoto’s disease and type 1 diabetes. […] Gastritis may be associated with other medical conditions. These may include HIV/AIDS, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, sarcoidosis and parasitic infections.

• #8 Acute Gastritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/gastritis-acute

  Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation or swelling in the lining of the stomach. It can be very painful and may be caused by many things that can irritate the stomach lining, like bacteria, foods, and medications. […] The most common cause of acute gastritis is taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids. […] Acute gastritis occurs when the lining of your stomach is damaged or weak. This allows digestive acids to irritate the stomach. There are many things that can damage your stomach lining. The causes of acute gastritis include: medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids, bacterial infections such as H. pylori, excessive alcohol consumption. […] NSAIDs and corticosteroids (steroid hormone medications) are the most common causes of acute gastritis.

• #8 Acute Gastritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/gastritis-acute

  H. pylori is a type of bacteria that can infect the stomach. Its often the cause of peptic ulcers. […] Other causes that are less common include: viral infections, extreme stress, autoimmune disorders, which may cause the immune system to attack the stomach lining, digestive diseases and disorders such as Crohns disease, bile reflux, cocaine use, ingesting corrosive substances such as poison, surgery, kidney failure, systemic stress, being on a breathing machine or respirator.

• #9 Understanding the causes of gastritis.

  https://www.avogel.co.uk/health/digestive-system/gastritis/causes/

  There are many causes of gastritis. Sometimes pathogens are to blame, or lifestyle choices and medications can contribute. […] Gastritis, or inflammation of the stomach, can occur because of a number of reasons. Infection by H. pylori is one of these but this is not the only cause; lifestyle choices can also contribute. […] An infection by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or fungi can be the cause of either acute or chronic gastritis. […] H. Pylori is often responsible for cases of chronic gastritis. […] If this barrier is damaged in some way, say in an injury or after an operation, you are more susceptible to inflammation. […] Certain aspects of our diet can contribute to gastritis. […] Certain conditions such as autoimmune diseases can give rise to gastritis. […] A common class of painkillers called NSAIDs (which include aspirin and ibuprofen) block protective mechanisms in place in the stomach which shield the lining from your abrasive stomach acid. […] Age is more of a risk factor rather than a cause of gastritis.

• #10 Causes and Risk Factors of Gastritis

  https://www.health.com/gastritis-causes-8722399

  Gastritis causes inflammation of the stomach lining (known as the mucosa). The most common causes include an H. pylori infection, alcohol consumption, and autoimmune disorders. […] The leading cause of gastritis is a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. […] Long-term or excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as Advil and Motrin (ibuprofen), Aleve (naproxen), or Bayer (aspirin), can weaken and damage the stomach’s protective mucosal layer, leading to gastritis. […] Prolonged or excess alcohol use can irritate and erode (damage) the stomach’s protective lining, which shields it from digestive acids. […] Autoimmune gastritis develops when your immune system mistakenly attacks the stomach lining, targeting and destroying parietal cells. […] Gastritis can also develop in response to major health events or traumas that cause stress.

• #11 Erosive Gastritis – Gastrointestinal Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/erosive-gastritis

  Common causes of erosive gastritis include Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Alcohol, and Stress. […] Less common causes of erosive gastritis include Radiation, Viral infection (eg, cytomegalovirus), Vascular injury, Direct trauma (eg, nasogastric tubes), and Crohn disease. […] Acute stress gastritis, a form of erosive gastritis, can occur in critically ill patients. The incidence increases with duration of intensive care unit stay and length of time the patient is not receiving enteral feeding. Pathogenesis likely involves hypoperfusion of the gastrointestinal mucosa, resulting in impaired mucosal defenses. […] Erosive gastritis is erosion of the gastric mucosa due to damage to the gastric mucosal barrier. […] Common causes include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alcohol, and stress; acute stress gastritis occurs in about 5% of critically ill patients. […] Prevention of NSAID-related gastritis with a PPI or histamine-2 receptor antagonists is not indicated unless there is a prior history of peptic ulcer disease.

• #12 Gastritis: Top Causes & Treatments You Need to Know

  https://gipartnersofil.com/treatment/gastritis/

  Gastritis refers to the inflammation of the stomach lining, which can cause discomfort and digestive issues. It may occur suddenly (acute) or develop over time (chronic). It can be caused by infections, irritants like alcohol or medications, and even stress. […] Helicobacter Pylori (H Pylori) is the most common cause. Excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDs) or alcohol are additional common causes. […] Acute Gastritis: Sudden and severe inflammation, often caused by infections, excessive alcohol use, or stress. […] Chronic Gastritis: Long-lasting inflammation, often due to persistent factors such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection or prolonged use of NSAIDs. […] Doctors may also identify gastritis by what causes it, such as: Alcohol-induced gastritis, Autoimmune gastritis, Drug-induced gastritis, Infectious gastritis, Stress-induced gastritis.

• #13 What Is Alcoholic Gastritis? Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/alcoholic-gastritis-overview

  Gastritis means that your stomachs inner lining is inflamed or worn down. Alcoholic gastritis is what people call it if gastritis happens because of alcohol use. […] Alcoholic gastritis is caused by drinking too much, too often. The alcohol can gradually irritate and erode your stomach lining. This triggers gastritis symptoms. […] If your gastritis is related to drinking, quitting or cutting back on alcohol needs to be part of your plan, too.

• #14 What Is Gastritis? Symptoms, Causes, Types and Treatment : Eternal Hospital

  https://www.eternalhospital.com/title/what-is-gastritis-symptoms-causes-types-and-treatment

  Smoking increases stomach acid production and weakens its protective lining. […] Bile reflux occurs when bile from the small intestine flows back into the stomach, irritating its lining and may lead to gastritis. […] Chronic gastritis may eventually lead to chronic mucosal damage to the gastric lining increasing the risk for ulcers or stomach cancer.

• #15 Gastritis causes – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gastritis_causes

  The most common causes of gastritis include H. pylori infection, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, extended use of NSAIDs such as (aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen), stress, autoimmune gastritis, and excessive consumption of coffee and acidic beverages. Less common causes of gastritis include cocaine addiction, bile reflux, crohn’s disease, constipation, consumption of poisons and other caustic or corrosive chemical substances, sarcoidosis, radiation therapy, chemotherapy drugs, iron and potassium supplements; stress as a result of major surgery, trauma, or other illness; infections caused by viruses such as HSV, cytomegalovirus (mostly seen in immunocompromised individuals), parasitic infections, and fungal infections. […] The causes may be divided into common and less common causes: […] Common Causes: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, Excessive alcohol consumption (usually results in acute gastritis), Smoking cigarettes, Long term or extended use of NSAIDs (aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen) leads to the damage of stomach lining, Autoimmune response, Stress resulting in excessive gastric acid secretion, Excessive consumption of coffee and acidic beverages.

• #15 Gastritis causes – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gastritis_causes

  Less Common Causes: Cocaine addiction, Bile reflux, Constipation (Constant straining and dryness of the colon leads to infection and inflammation), Crohn’s disease, Consumption of poisons and other caustic or corrosive chemical substances, Sarcoidosis, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy drugs, Iron and potassium supplements, Stress as a result of major surgery or trauma or other illness, Infections caused by: Viruses such as HSV, cytomegalovirus (mostly seen in immunocompromised individuals), Parasites, Fungi.

• #16 Gastritis: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment | K Health App

  https://khealth.com/learn/gastritis/what-is/

  Gastritis is when the lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or irritated due to an infection, another health condition, or lifestyle factors such as drinking alcohol, eating irritating foods, or overusing certain kinds of medications. […] Gastritis can also stem from other illnesses or certain lifestyle factors, like overuse of pain relievers and alcohol abuse. […] One of the most common causes is a bacterial infection called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). H. pylori is also one of the most common causes of peptic ulcers. Without treatment, the infection can lead to ulcers, or in rare cases, stomach cancer. […] Other illnesses that can also cause gastritis include other bacterial or viral infections affecting the stomach, autoimmune diseases, Crohn’s disease, sarcoidosis, pernicious anemia, and bile reflux. […] Certain lifestyle factors can also lead to stomach irritation and inflammation, including excessive alcohol use, chronic vomiting, chronic stress, and overuse of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin.

• #17 Gastritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544250/

  The classification of gastritis based on etiological factors is outlined as follows: Autoimmune gastritis, Infectious gastritis, Gastritis due to other diseases, Gastritis due to external causes, Special gastritis. […] The pathophysiology of H pylori induced gastritis involves a complex interaction between bacterial virulence factors and the host’s immune responses. […] Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis develops due to T-cell mediated destruction of the oxyntic mucosa and the production of autoantibodies targeting parietal cells and the intrinsic factor. […] The prognosis of gastritis varies based on the type, underlying cause, and patient characteristics. […] Gastric cancer represents the most severe complication of atrophic gastritis. […] The presence of atrophic gastritis and gastrointestinal metaplasia substantially elevates the risk of this complication compared to chronic gastritis in the absence of these lesions.

• #18 Autoimmune gastritis » Global Autoimmune Institute

  https://www.autoimmuneinstitute.org/autoimmune-resources/autoimmune-diseases-list/autoimmune-gastritis/

  Characterized by the destruction of parietal cells, which are cells in the stomach that make stomach acid and a protein called intrinsic factor that is needed to absorb the essential vitamin B12, autoimmune gastritis causes vitamin B12 deficiency which can lead to subsequent illnesses such as anemia. […] It is believed that the condition may be inherited in autosomal dominant conditions, meaning it can be caused by a DNA mutation. A bacterial infection such as Helicobacter pylori, or regular use of painkillers such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), and naproxen, excessive drinking of alcohol, or trauma caused by e.g., major surgery, injury, burns. Pre-existing diseases such as autoimmune thyroiditis and Type 1 diabetes can also contribute to autoimmune gastritis development.

• #19 Gastritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544250/

  The most common cause of atrophic chronic gastritis is autoimmune gastritis, though the etiology remains unclear. […] Reactive gastritis or gastropathy has numerous causative factors with acute gastritis. […] An alternative approach to classifying gastritis considers the etiology and chronicity of the inflammation. […] Infectious gastritis is most commonly attributed to the global prevalence of H pylori infection. […] Autoimmune gastritis exhibits a chronic mononuclear inflammation accompanied by severe atrophic gastritis, which usually affects the corpus, along with the presence of autoantibodies against parietal cells or the intrinsic factor. […] The Sydney System of Classification further delineates 5 graded morphological variables that may be added as a suffix to the core topography.

• #20 Atrophic Gastritis: Symptoms, Treatment, Diet & Definition

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24217-atrophic-gastritis

  Environmental metaplastic atrophic gastritis (EMAG) is stomach lining inflammation usually caused by H. pylori bacteria. […] Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) results from antibodies attacking stomach cells. […] One type of atrophic gastritis, known as environmental metaplastic atrophic gastritis (EMAG), occurs when environmental factors cause chronic inflammation. Chronic infection with H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) bacteria often leads to this condition. […] Both EMAG and AAG can lead to an increased risk of developing small neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in your stomach. NETs are usually non-cancerous (benign). EMAG and AAG also increase your stomach cancer (gastric cancer) risk. […] H. pylori infection usually causes EMAG. […] Antibodies are proteins that are part of your immune system and help fight bacterial and viral infections. In AAG, antibodies attack your healthy stomach cells.

• #21 Symptoms & Causes of Gastritis & Gastropathy – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastritis-gastropathy/symptoms-causes

  Different types of gastritis and gastropathy have different causes. […] Infection with H. pylori bacteria causes H. pylori gastritis. Researchers are still studying how people become infected. H. pylori bacteria may spread from person to person through contact with an infected persons vomit, stool, or saliva. Food or water contaminated with an infected persons vomit, stool, or saliva may also spread the bacteria from person to person. […] Reactive gastropathy is caused by long-term contact with substances that irritate the stomach lining, most often nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alcohol, and bile reflux, which is backward flow of bile from the small intestine to the stomach. […] In autoimmune gastritis, the immune system attacks healthy cells in the stomach lining. […] Serious health problemssuch as severe injuries or burns, critical illness, or sepsiscan reduce the blood flow to the stomach lining, causing a form of acute erosive gastropathy called stress gastritis.

• #22 Gastritis: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10349-gastritis

  Alcohol and certain drugs can cause either acute or chronic gastritis, depending on how much and how often you use them. They can cause chemical erosion of your stomach lining (erosive gastritis). Overuse of NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, is one of the most common causes of acute gastritis. Some recreational drugs, like cocaine, may also cause it. […] Autoimmune diseases cause chronic inflammation. In autoimmune disease, your immune system mistakenly attacks your bodys own cells with inflammation. Chronic autoimmune gastritis can happen spontaneously. Or, more rarely, you may have gastritis as a side effect of another autoimmune disease. […] A major surgery, trauma or critical illness can cause acute gastritis. Severe physiological stress causes your body to withdraw blood supply from your digestive system to redirect it toward your more vital organs. This lowers your stomach linings defenses, making it more vulnerable to the chemicals inside. […] Other causes of gastritis include: Radiation therapy (mucositis), Chemotherapy, Bile reflux.

• #23 Gastritis – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/gastritis

  Nonerosive gastritis is usually caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. […] Acute stress gastritis, a form of erosive gastritis, is caused by a sudden illness or injury. […] Exactly why serious illness can lead to gastritis is not known but may be related to decreased blood flow to the stomach, an increase in the amount of acid in the stomach, and/or to impairment of the stomach lining’s ability to protect and renew itself. […] Atrophic gastritis causes the stomach lining to become very thin (atrophic) and to lose many or all of the cells that produce acid and enzymes. […] In eosinophilic gastritis usually the cause is unknown. […] Mntrier disease, a rare disorder whose cause is unknown, is a type of gastritis in which the stomach wall develops thick, large folds and fluid-filled cysts.

• #24 Learn About The Causes Of Gastritis | Sydney Gut Clinic

  https://sydneygutclinic.com/the-main-causes-of-gastritis/

  Gastritis is a gastroenterological condition that refers to the inflammation, irritation or erosion of the lining of the stomach. Causes of gastritis can disrupt a patients digestive system either acutely or chronically. […] H. pylori is a bacteria that lives in the mucous lining of the stomach. It causes an infection that can lead to ulcers, stomach cancer, and in this case gastritis. […] This condition can be caused when theres a backflow of bile into the stomach from the bile tract. […] Medical evidence draws a strong link between stress and digestive disturbances. Intense stress can cause or trigger this condition in susceptible individuals. […] Patients who frequently take Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) such as those used to alleviate pain, including aspirin and ibuprofen, may develop gastritis as a result.

• #25 What Is Gastritis? Symptoms, Causes, Types and Treatment : Eternal Hospital

  https://www.eternalhospital.com/title/what-is-gastritis-symptoms-causes-types-and-treatment

  Gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach lining that causes symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, and indigestion. […] Knowing the possible causes, symptoms, and available treatments for gastritis can help in maintaining digestive health as well as in preventing complications. […] There are diverse causes of gastritis, and understanding the cause allows for effective treatment. Some of the causes include: […] Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common cause of gastritis. It destroys the stomach lining. […] Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the stomach’s inner lining which leads to a medical condition known as autoimmune gastritis. […] Excessive alcohol consumption is a significant irritant of the inner stomach lining. […] Prolonged physical or emotional stress may cause gastritis as a result of increased production of stomach acid that irritates the lining of the stomach.

• #26 Gastritis – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Diet | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/what-causes-gastritis

  Backflow of bile into the stomach from the bile tract. Bile tract connects the liver and the gall bladder. Bile is a yellowish fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion of lipids in the small intestine. Backflow of bile in stomach can have adverse effects. […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are a drug class that groups together drugs that provides pain killing and fever reducing effects. Long term usage of NSAIDs cause gastric erosions, which can become stomach ulcers. […] Less common causes of Gastritis include irritation caused due to excessive usage of alcohol, smoking, severe illness, chronic vomiting, stress and autoimmune problems among others.

• #27 Acute Gastritis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175909-overview

  Acute necrotizing hemorrhagic gastritis (a rare variant of phlegmonous gastritis) is mostly related to bacterial infection, which could progress to gastric gangrene. […] Fungal infections that cause gastritis include Candida albicans and histoplasmosis. Gastric phycomycosis is another rare lethal fungal infection. […] As noted earlier, the causes of acute gastritis include the following: Drugs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (eg, aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen); cocaine; iron; colchicine (when at toxic levels, as in patients with failing renal or hepatic function); kayexalate; chemotherapeutic agents (eg, mitomycin C, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine, floxuridine, tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as midostaurin, and cancer immunotherapeutic agents, such as pembrolizumab). […] Bacterial infections: H pylori (most frequent), H heilmannii (rare), streptococci (rare), staphylococci (rare), Proteus species (rare), Clostridium species (rare), E coli (rare), tuberculosis (rare), secondary syphilis (rare).

• #28 Acute Gastritis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175909-overview

  Viral infections (eg, cytomegalovirus). […] Fungal infections: Candidiasis, histoplasmosis, phycomycosis. […] Parasitic infection (eg, anisakidosis). […] Acute stress (shock). […] Radiation. […] Allergy and food poisoning. […] Bile: The reflux of bile (an alkaline medium is important for the activation of digestive enzymes in the small intestine) from the small intestine to the stomach can induce gastritis. […] Ischemia: This term is used to refer to damage induced by a decreased blood supply to the stomach. This rare etiology is due to the rich blood supply to the stomach. […] Direct trauma.

• #29 Overview of Gastritis – It’s Symptoms, Types, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment: Bharat Dasani, MD: Gastroenterologist

  https://www.giendoscopypractice.com/blog/overview-of-gastritis-its-symptoms-types-causes-diagnosis-treatment

  Inflammation of the stomach lining is the main cause of Gastritis. It is important for you to understand that what things can cause this inflammation to Gastric Mucosa. These include: […] Certain medications such as aspirin and anti-inflammatory drugs […] Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori): It is the bacteria that live in mucous lining and it produces chemicals that cause irritation and inflammation to the mucosa. […] Infections which are caused by bacteria and viruses […] Bile reflux: It is the backflow of bile into stomach from bile tract, which connects liver with gallbladder. […] Excess use of alcohol […] Kidney failure […] Severe stress […] Digestive illnesses such as Crohns Disease or Ulcerative Colitis.

• #30 Chronic gastritis: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321988

  In people with autoimmune gastritis, their immune system mistakenly attacks the stomach lining. […] Less common causes of gastritis may include food allergies, conditions that cause inflammation in the digestive tract, including sarcoidosis and Crohns disease, celiac disease, portal hypertension, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and fungal, viral, or bacterial infections that are not H. pylori.

• #31 Gastritis: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/309046

  Chronic gastritis can increase the risk of other gastrointestinal conditions, including stomach ulcers or peptic ulcers and stomach bleeding. […] Certain types of gastritis, including autoimmune atrophic gastritis and H. pylori gastritis, can reduce the body’s ability to absorb iron from the blood. Autoimmune atrophic gastritis can also affect vitamin B12 absorption, leading to anemia. […] In addition, having H. pylori gastritis may slightly increase the risk of developing stomach cancer. […] If a person does not receive treatment, gastritis can lead to complications, such as stomach ulcers or vitamin deficiencies. Untreated gastritis may also increase the risk of developing stomach cancer.

• #31 Gastritis: Symptoms, causes, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/309046

  Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining that can cause abdominal pain and bloating. Possible causes include bacteria and some autoimmune conditions. […] Gastritis is most commonly due to H. pylori bacteria. Around 35% of people in the U.S. have these bacteria in their bodies. […] Reactive gastritis, which is caused by irritants, is also relatively common. It affects around 15% of people in the U.S. […] Autoimmune conditions can lead to gastritis. In people with autoimmune atrophic gastritis, the immune system attacks the stomach lining. […] Physical trauma or damage to the stomach lining can also lead to gastritis. For example, a person who has undergone surgery to remove part of their stomach may develop postgastrectomy gastritis, which causes the lining to degenerate. […] Dietary factors do not usually cause gastritis, but food allergies can contribute to it.

• #32 Causes of Stomach Cancer | How Do You Get Stomach Cancer? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/stomach-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/what-causes.html

  In atrophic gastritis, the normal gland cells of the stomach are either fewer or absent. There is also some degree of inflammation (in which the stomach cells are damaged by cells of the immune system). Atrophic gastritis is often caused by infection with H pylori bacteria. It can also be caused by an autoimmune reaction, in which a persons immune system attacks the cells lining the stomach. Some people with this condition go on to develop pernicious anemia or other stomach problems, including cancer. […] Another possible pre-cancerous change is intestinal metaplasia. In this condition, the cells that normally line the stomach are replaced by cells that look like the cells that usually line the intestine. People with this condition often have chronic atrophic gastritis as well. This might also be related to H pylori infection.

• #33 Gastritis: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/gastritis

  Gastritis can cause nausea and indigestion, among other symptoms. Chronic gastritis may require treatment with medication, such as proton pump inhibitors or antacids. […] Gastritis is an inflammation of the protective lining of the stomach. […] Acute gastritis involves sudden, severe inflammation. Chronic gastritis involves long-term inflammation that can last for years if its left untreated. […] Weakness in your stomach lining allows digestive juices to damage and inflame it, causing gastritis. Having a thin or damaged stomach lining raises your risk for gastritis. […] A gastrointestinal bacterial infection can also cause gastritis. The most common bacterial infection that causes it is H. pylori, a bacterium that infects the lining of the stomach. […] Certain conditions and activities may increase your risk for developing gastritis. Other risk factors include extreme alcohol consumption, routine use of NSAIDs like ibuprofen and aspirin, cocaine use, age, because the stomach lining thins naturally with age, and tobacco use.

• #34 Gastritis – Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/conditions/gastritis/

  Lifestyle factors can also be a cause of gastritis, typically excessive alcohol intake above the recommended guidelines, recreational drug use and smoking cigarettes. […] Some compounds produced by the body can also cause gastritis. An example includes the reflux of bile, a substance that is produced by the liver to help the digestion of dietary fats. […] Autoimmune atrophic gastritis is inflammation in the stomach caused by the body’s cells attacking its own tissues. […] Gastritis can occasionally happen in people that are very unwell and experiencing medical stress. […] Certain types of gastritis can run in the same family.

• #35 Gastritis: Etiology and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gastritis-etiology-and-diagnosis

  Gastritis is usually caused by infectious agents (eg, Helicobacter pylori) or is immune mediated, although in many cases the cause of the gastritis is unknown. […] This topic will review the etiology, classification, and diagnosis of gastritis. Specific causes of acute and chronic gastritis and gastropathy are presented in detail separately. […] The term „gastritis” is used to denote inflammation associated with gastric mucosal injury.

• #36 Symptoms & Causes of Gastritis & Gastropathy – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastritis-gastropathy/symptoms-causes

  Contact with substances that irritate the stomach liningincluding NSAIDs, alcohol, and cocainecan also cause acute erosive gastropathy. […] Less common causes of gastritis and gastropathy include celiac disease, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, diseases that cause inflammation in the digestive tract, such as Crohn’s disease and sarcoidosis, food allergies, infections with viruses, parasites, fungi, and bacteria other than H. pylori, typically in people with weakened immune systems, and portal hypertension.

• #37 What is Gastritis, and How is it Treated? – Allied Digestive Health

  https://allieddigestivehealth.com/what-is-gastritis-and-how-is-it-treated/

  While gastritis itself is a non-cancerous condition, chronic inflammation of the stomach lining can increase the risk of developing gastric cancer over time. This risk is particularly significant in individuals with chronic atrophic gastritis, a condition where long-standing inflammation leads to damage and thinning of the stomach lining. […] Helicobacter pylori, a well-known cause of gastritis, has also been identified as a risk factor for certain types of stomach cancer, emphasizing the importance of proper diagnosis and management of gastritis to minimize potential long-term risks.

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