Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Rectal prolapse – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectal_prolapse

  A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. […] The precise cause is unknown, and has been much debated. […] Since most patients with rectal prolapse have a long history of constipation, it is thought that prolonged, excessive and repetitive straining during defecation may predispose to rectal prolapse. […] Some authors question whether these abnormalities are the cause, or secondary to the prolapse. […] Other predisposing factors/associated conditions include: pregnancy (although 35% of women who develop rectal prolapse are nulliparous), previous surgery, pelvic neuropathies and neurological disease, high gastrointestinal helminth loads (e.g. Whipworm), COPD, cystic fibrosis.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2026460-overview

  The precise cause of rectal prolapse is not defined; however, a number of associated abnormalities have been found. As many as 50% of prolapse cases are caused by chronic straining with defecation and constipation. […] Other predisposing conditions include the following: Pregnancy, Previous surgery, Diarrhea, Benign prostatic hypertrophy, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Cystic fibrosis, Pertussis (ie, whooping cough), Pelvic floor dysfunction, Parasitic infections Amebiasis, schistosomiasis, Neurologic disorders – Previous lower back or pelvic trauma/lumbar disk disease, cauda equina syndrome, spinal tumors, multiple sclerosis, Disordered defecation (eg, stool withholding). […] Certain anatomic features found during surgery for rectal prolapse are common to most patients. These features include a patulous or weak anal sphincter with levator diastasis, deep anterior Douglas cul-de-sac, poor posterior rectal fixation with a long rectal mesentery, and redundant rectosigmoid. Whether these anatomic features are causes or results of the prolapsing rectum is not known. […] In children, rectal prolapse is probably related to the vertical orientation of the rectum, the mobility of the sigmoid colon, the relative weakness of the pelvic floor muscle, mucosa that is poorly fixed to submucosa, and redundant rectal mucosa.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse and Rectal Stricture

  https://www.nadis.org.uk/disease-a-z/pigs/rectal-prolapse-and-rectal-stricture/

  Compared to other farm species, the pig appears to be particularly vulnerable to prolapse of the rectal tissue through the anus, which can be seen in any age group from as early as 1-2 days old up to adults. […] The fundamental cause of the prolapse is an increase in abdominal pressure, forcing a breakdown in the weak muscular support mechanism of the pelvis, which normally retains the rectum in place. […] There may well be both breed and gender differences in the vulnerability of individuals to prolapse occurring. […] The following list provides an outline of the most common causes of prolapse, as seen in commercial pig farms:- […] 1) Diarrhoea or dysentery – particularly associated with large intestine inflammation that may include rectal inflammation (e.g. Salmonella, Swine Fever, Swine Dysentery).

• #1

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/rectal-prolapse-expanded-version

  Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the rectum (the last part of the large intestine before it exits the anus) loses its normal attachments inside the body, allowing it to telescope out through the anus, thereby turning it inside out. […] While several factors are thought to be linked to rectal prolapse, there is no clear cut cause. An estimated 30% to 67% of patients have chronic constipation (infrequent stools or severe straining) and an additional 15% have diarrhea. […] In the past, this condition was assumed to be linked to giving birth multiple times by vaginal delivery. However, as many as 35% of patients with rectal prolapse never gave birth and it can occur in men. […] There might be some genetic predisposition to this condition; in other words: some patients are more prone based on their genes to develop this condition while others don’t.

• #1

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/rectal-prolapse

  Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the rectum (the last part of the large intestine before it exits the anus) loses its normal attachments inside the body, allowing it to telescope out through the anus, thereby turning it inside out. […] While several factors are thought to be linked to rectal prolapse, there is no clear cut cause. An estimated 30% to 67% of patients have chronic constipation (infrequent stools or severe straining) and an additional 15% have diarrhea. […] In the past, this condition was assumed to be linked to giving birth multiple times by vaginal delivery. However, as many as 35% of patients with rectal prolapse never gave birth and it can occur in men. […] There might be some genetic predisposition to this condition; in other words: some patients are more prone based on their genes to develop this condition while others dont.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/rectal-prolapse

  What Causes Rectal Prolapse? The exact causes of rectal prolapse are not clear. However, many things can lead to the condition, including: […] Straining from chronic constipation and diarrhea […] Nerve damage from pregnancy or vaginal childbirth complications […] Chronic sneezing or coughing […] Weakened muscles and ligaments in the rectal area from aging […] Injury to the pelvis, anal, or hip area […] Spinal cord disease or nerve damage […] Overuse or abuse of laxatives […] Intestinal parasite infections […] Other conditions including cystic fibrosis, stroke, or dementia.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse

  https://healthlibrary.uwmedicine.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Digestive/134,176

  Rectal prolapse is most often caused by the muscles that support the rectum getting weak. This can happen from constipation, damage from giving birth, or defects in the pelvis or lower gastrointestinal tract. […] It is most often caused by the muscles that support the rectum getting weak. It can happen from constipation, damage from giving birth, or defects in the pelvis or lower gastrointestinal tract.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse – symptoms, causes & treatments | Glasgow Colorectal Centre

  https://colorectalcentre.co.uk/rectalprolapse.html

  Old age: It seems to be a part of the aging process in many patients who experience stretching of the ligaments that support the rectum inside the pelvis as well as weakening of the anal sphincter muscle. […] Pelvic floor dysfunction, in association with urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse as well. […] Neurological problems, such as spinal cord transection, spinal cord disease or multiple sclerosis may predispose to a prolapsed bowel. […] In most cases, however, no single cause is identified. […] Rectal prolapse is often associated with weakness of the anal sphincter muscle, resulting in leakage of stool or mucus. Although a prolapsed bowel may occur in both sexes, it is much more common in women. It is also more common in the elderly and but occasionally may occur in young children.

• #1 Rectal prolapse: symptoms, causes, and treatments| Sapi Med

  https://www.sapimed.com/en/trivia/addressing-rectal-prolapse-symptoms-causes-and-treatment-options/

  Aging and consequent loss of elasticity and strength of tissues, including those of the rectum and anus. […] Genetic factors due to structural abnormalities or heredity. […] Obesity, as excess weight can increase pressure on the pelvic muscles and tissues. […] Previous pelvic surgeries that may weaken tissues and muscles, predisposing to prolapse.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse: Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/rectal-prolapse

  Increased intra-abdominal pressure – eg, constipation, diarrhoea, benign prostatic hypertrophy, pregnancy, severe or chronic cough (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, whooping cough.)4 […] Previous surgery.5 […] Pelvic floor dysfunction.6 […] Parasitic infections – eg, amoebiasis, schistosomiasis.7 […] Neurological disease – eg, previous lower back or pelvic trauma, lumbar disc disease, cauda equina syndrome, spinal tumours, multiple sclerosis.5 […] Psychiatric disease.8

• #1 Rectal Prolapse: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Surgery

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/what-is-rectal-prolapse

  Rectal prolapse happens when the lining of your rectum drops outside of your anus. […] A variety of things can cause rectal prolapse, including: Long-term history of diarrhea or constipation, Cystic fibrosis, a condition that causes breathing and stomach problems, Intestinal parasite infection, Chronic coughing or sneezing, Long-term history of having to strain when you poop, Aging, which can lead to weakening of muscles and ligaments in the rectal area, Previous injury to the anal or hip area, Nerve damage that affects your muscles ability to tighten and loosen, which could be caused by pregnancy, vaginal childbirth complications, anal sphincter paralysis, or injury to your spine or back, Neurological problems, such as spinal cord disease or spinal cord transection. […] Rectal prolapse is more common in people assigned female at birth, especially as they age. In general, older people who have had a history of constipation or problems with their pelvic floor have a higher chance of having a prolapsed rectum.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse: Symptoms, Surgery, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/rectal-prolapse

  Rectal prolapse can be caused by several medical conditions, including: […] If nerves that control the rectal and anal muscles are damaged, rectal prolapse can develop. These nerves can sometimes be damaged from: pregnancy or a difficult vaginal birth, a spinal injury, surgery in the pelvic area. […] This is the muscle that prevents stool from involuntarily passing from your rectum. Common reasons this muscle may weaken are: pregnancy, childbirth, increased age. […] The strain of chronic bowel movement problems can make your rectum more likely to move down from its location. Straining while having bowel movements, if done often over a period of years, can also cause rectal prolapse.

• #1 Rectal prolapse – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/rectal-prolapse/

  Increased intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., excessive straining as a result of constipation) and weakness of the pelvic floor muscles (e.g., as a result of old age, multiple pregnancies) are risk factors for rectal prolapse. […] Cystic fibrosis, moreover, is an important risk factor in children. […] Any cause of raised intraabdominal pressure includes chronic straining as a result of constipation and/or benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), chronic cough (e.g. COPD), and pregnancy. […] Weakness of the pelvic floor muscles can be due to advanced age, multiparous women, damage to the pudendal nerve or sacral roots (e.g., obstetric injury during vaginal delivery, diabetic neuropathy, pelvic tumors), previous perineal surgery (e.g., for the management of anal fistulas), and connective tissue disorders (e.g., Ehler Danlos syndrome). […] In children, risk factors include chronic straining as a result of constipation, recurrent diarrhea, cystic fibrosis, rectal parasites (e.g., whipworm), high anorectal malformations, Hirschsprung disease, damage to the sacral roots (e.g., meningomyelocele), and significant weight loss.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse – symptoms, causes & treatments | Glasgow Colorectal Centre

  https://colorectalcentre.co.uk/rectalprolapse.html

  Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the rectum (the lower end of the colon, located just above the anus) becomes stretched out and protrudes out of the anus. The prolapse may comprise only of the inner lining of the rectum (rectal mucosa) and is called a rectal mucosal prolapse. This is similar to prolapsing haemorrhoids. […] Several factors may contribute to the development of rectal prolapse. Risk factors include the following: Chronic constipation. It may come from a lifelong habit of straining to have bowel movements […] Excessive straining. Conditions such as prostatic hypertrophy, pregnancy, severe or chronic cough may predispose to rectal prolapse […] Weak pelvic floor which may follow childbirth or previous surgery. […] Genetic predisposition: In children, rectal prolapse may occur in association with cystic fibrosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Hirschsprungs disease

• #1 Rectal prolapse in the pediatric population—a narrative review of medical and surgical management – Kodia – Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology

  https://tgh.amegroups.org/article/view/8810/html

  Neurologic conditions related to rectal prolapse include myelomeningocele, tethered cord, neurogenic bladder, spinal cord injury and spina bifida. […] Other rare congenital conditions associated with rectal prolapse include Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Hirschsprungs disease, and protein allergy. […] Lead points in the form of polyps, lymphoid hyperplasia, and pseudopolyps in ulcerative colitis can also increase risk for intussusception and subsequent rectal prolapse. […] Behavioral disorders have been associated with increased rectal prolapse incidence. […] Finally, it is critical all pediatric healthcare providers consider anal penetration as a causative factor associated with pediatric rectal prolapse; sexual abuse and nonaccidental trauma should be considered and ruled out in the management of children presenting with rectal prolapse.

• #1 Rectal prolapse – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rectal-prolapse/symptoms-causes/syc-20352837

  Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum becomes stretched out and slips out of the anus. […] The cause of rectal prolapse is unclear. Though it’s a common belief that rectal prolapse is related to childbirth, about one-third of women with this health problem never had children. […] Some things may increase your risk of getting rectal prolapse, including: […] Constipation. Straining may increase the risk of rectal prolapse.

• #1 What Causes a Rectal Prolapse?: Colon and Rectal Surgeons of Greater Hartford: Colon and Rectal Surgeons

  https://www.crsgh.com/blog/what-causes-a-rectal-prolapse

  Your rectum has prolapsed (i.e. dropped) through your anus. […] Rectal prolapse is a fairly rare condition, affecting only about 0.5% of the adult population. […] Do you wonder why you have rectal prolapse? Following are some of the most common reasons this disturbing condition may develop. […] Women over age 50 are six times more likely to develop rectal prolapse than men are. […] If one or more of your parents had rectal prolapse, you may be at increased risk to develop the condition. […] According to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, 30-67% of patients with rectal prolapse suffer from constipation. Another 15% have diarrhea. […] Even if youre a man, if youre or a woman who never gave birth, or if you never suffered from bowel difficulties, you could develop rectal prolapse after nerve or muscle damage. […] If you have a medical condition such as cystic fibrosis, you may be more susceptible to pelvic prolapse.

• #1 Rectal prolapse: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319977

  Rectal prolapse has multiple associated risk factors and causes, although doctors do not fully understand why some people get it. […] It often involves a weakening of the muscles that support the rectum and has various possible triggers, including: pregnancy, constipation or chronic straining, diarrhea, which affects about 15% of people, conditions that affect the pelvis or lower gastrointestinal tract. […] Some neurological conditions also affect the nerves associated with rectal prolapse: multiple sclerosis, lumbar disk disease, spinal tumors, injury to the lower back or pelvis. […] Rectal prolapse is more common in adults than children, and it is particularly prevalent in females aged 50 years or older, who are six times as likely to be affected as males. […] In the case of older females, rectal prolapse will often occur at the same time as a prolapsed bladder or gynecologic organ. This combined prolapse may occur due to general weakness in the pelvic floor muscles.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/anal-and-rectal-disorders/rectal-prolapse

  A rectal prolapse is often triggered while straining, such as during a bowel movement. […] In adults, prolapse of the rectal lining tends to persist and may worsen, so that more of the rectum protrudes. […] A complete prolapse of the rectum (sometimes formally called procidentia) occurs most often in women older than age 60. […] Elimination of causes of straining. […] For adults, usually surgery. […] In adults, surgery is usually needed to correct the problem.

• #1 Rectal prolapse Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/rectal-prolapse

  Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum sags and comes through the anal opening. […] The exact cause of rectal prolapse is unclear. Possible causes may include any of the following: An enlarged opening due to relaxed muscles in the pelvic floor, which is formed of muscles around the rectum, Loose muscles of the anal sphincter, An abnormally long colon, Downward movement of the abdominal cavity between the rectum and uterus, Prolapse of the small intestine, Constipation, Diarrhea, Chronic coughing and sneezing. […] Rectal prolapse occurs most often in children under age 6 years. Health problems that may lead to prolapse include: Cystic fibrosis, Intestinal worm infections, Long-term diarrhea, Other health problems present at birth. […] In adults, it is usually found with constipation, or with a muscle or nerve problem in the pelvic or genital area.

• #1 What Are the Symptoms of a Rectal Prolapse? – Allied Digestive Health

  https://allieddigestivehealth.com/rectal-prolapse-symptoms/

  Rectal prolapse means that the rectum (the last part of the large intestine) is sliding out through the anal opening. It is caused by a weakening of the normal attachments that keep the rectum fixed in place and inside the body. […] The causes of rectal prolapse symptoms are poorly understood, but one known cause is weakness in the pelvic floor muscles. This is often associated with people who have given birth multiple times. Other causes are weakness in the anal sphincter or the absence of some of the structures that normally hold the rectum in place. […] In young children, rectal prolapse is typically caused by constipation or diarrhea. Most children recover from rectal prolapse once the underlying cause is treated. […] The vast majority of adults with rectal prolapse are women and others are assigned female at birth. It used to be believed that it was caused by multiple vaginal births, but it does also occur in people who have not given birth. Other risk factors include chronic constipation, which can result in straining that damages the structures around the rectum, chronic diarrhea, cystic fibrosis, any disease that affects the pelvic floor muscle, certain intestinal parasites, having had pelvic surgery, and whooping cough. […] Rectal prolapse is very rare in children and when it does occur is typically in children under four.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse: Causes and Symptoms | Tampa General Hospital

  https://www.tgh.org/institutes-and-services/conditions/rectal-prolapse

  Overstretched or weakened tissues around the rectum can lead to rectal prolapse. […] Multiple factors can contribute to rectal prolapse, including: […] A history of straining during bowel movements […] Chronic constipation […] Weak pelvic floor muscles […] Nerve damage due to injuries, surgeries or pregnancy […] Malnutrition. […] Rectal prolapse can affect anyone, although its most common in adults over age 40 and children.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/rectal-prolapse

  Rectal prolapse occurs when the lining of a child’s rectum protrudes through the anus and outside the body. This can occur because the ligaments and muscles become weakened from problems including chronic constipation, chronic diarrhea, or straining while going to the bathroom. Underlying conditions such as cystic fibrosis and Hirschsprung’s disease can also cause rectal prolapse. […] Rectal prolapse occurs when the muscles and ligaments that support the rectum become weakened. Certain factors can make your child more likely to experience rectal prolapse, including: Straining while going to the bathroom, Chronic constipation, Acute or chronic diarrhea, Malnutrition, Cystic fibrosis, Neurological conditions such as tethered cord or spinal cord injury, Hirschsprung’s disease and other colorectal and pelvic malformations, Anal penetration, such as from sexual abuse.

• #1 Rectal prolapse: symptoms, causes, and treatments| Sapi Med

  https://www.sapimed.com/en/trivia/addressing-rectal-prolapse-symptoms-causes-and-treatment-options/

  Rectal prolapse can be attributed to a series of factors that contribute to the deterioration of the structure and function of the tissues involved in the integrity of the rectum and anus. The main causes include: […] Weakness of the muscles that play a fundamental role in supporting the pelvic organs, including the rectum. […] Pregnancy and childbirth, which can cause excessive weakening of the ligamentous and muscular structures of the pelvic floor and often contribute to a multi-compartment situation with associated rectal prolapse along with uterine and bladder prolapse (cystocele). […] Chronic constipation, where excessive and constant straining during defecation can put undue stress on the muscles and tissues of the rectum, increasing the risk of prolapse. […] Chronic diarrhea, which similarly to constipation, can exert pressure on the pelvic floor muscles and rectum.

• #1 Rectal prolapse in the pediatric population—a narrative review of medical and surgical management – Kodia – Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology

  https://tgh.amegroups.org/article/view/8810/html

  Numerous conditions contribute to rectal prolapse in children, including constipation, gastrointestinal infectious and non-infectious etiologies, cystic fibrosis, malnutrition, neurogenic, anatomic, lead points, and abuse. […] The most common cause of rectal prolapse in developed nations is chronic constipation. […] A variety of infectious gastrointestinal protozoan including parasitic and bacterial agents as well as viral illnesses can contribute to rectal prolapse. […] Non-infectious etiologies associated with disordered bowel motility include inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as ulcerative colitis and celiac disease, and short bowel syndromes. […] Malnutrition can contribute to rectal prolapse secondary to the loss of the ischiorectal fat pad and decreased rectal support.

• #1 A to Z: Rectal Prolapse (for Parents) – Children’s Health Network

  https://kidshealth.org/ChildrensHealthNetwork/en/parents/az-rectal-prolapse.html

  Rectal prolapse is a condition in which part of the rectum slips down (prolapses) and protrudes through the anus. […] Certain conditions can cause the rectum to prolapse, which literally means „to fall out of place.” […] Causes of rectal prolapse include chronic constipation; diseases that cause diarrhea; infection with parasites; malnutrition; cystic fibrosis; and increased pressure in the abdomen from excessive vomiting, toilet training, straining during bowel movements, or prolonged coughing.

• #1 What Causes Rectal Prolapse? – Bowel and Hernia Centre

  https://bowelandhernia.co.uk/news/what-causes-rectal-prolapse/

  Rectal prolapse can look and feel like haemorrhoids, but one major difference is that it doesn’t clear up by itself. […] Various factors can contribute to rectal prolapse, and several risk factors are associated with the condition. Chronic constipation, which may result from a lifelong habit of straining during bowel movements, is one such factor. Excessive straining due to conditions like prostatic hypertrophy, pregnancy, or a severe or chronic cough can also increase the likelihood of it happening. A weak pelvic floor following childbirth or surgery is another risk factor. […] In some cases, genetic predisposition plays a role, with rectal prolapse in children being associated with cystic fibrosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Aging can also contribute to the condition as ligaments supporting the rectum inside the pelvis stretch, and the anal sphincter muscle weakens. […] Additionally, pelvic floor dysfunction, often in conjunction with pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence, can be a contributing factor. However, in most cases, no single cause can be pinpointed.

• #1 Rectal Descent and Rectal Prolapse | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/medical-services/ddc/patients/digestive-diseases/colon-and-rectum/rectal-descent-and-rectal-prolapse

  Some people have great difficulty emptying their rectum due to what is called rectal descent. […] Rectal prolapse can result in constipation, as it can cause a blockage of the anal opening. […] Rectal prolapse is not a cancer and it will not turn into a cancer. Therefore, treatment is necessary only if it is causing a problem. […] Symptoms of prolapse which might indicate the need for surgery include persistent bleeding, chronic constipation, difficulty with rectal emptying, straining to move the bowels, mucous drainage, protruding lump, inability to control solid, liquid, or gas bowel movements, or progressive weakening of the anal sphincter muscles. […] The aim of the surgery is to remove the extra rectal length and re-suspend the rectum from the lower backbone. […] Prolapse can be repaired by either anal surgery or abdominal surgery. […] If a person has rectal prolapse and fecal incontinence (the inability to control bowel movements), fixing the rectal prolapse also corrects the fecal incontinence about 50% of the time.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/rectal-prolapse

  Rectal prolapse may occur in men or women, but it is more common in women. […] For rectal prolapse to occur, there must be loss of pelvic muscle tone and loosening of the other tissues that normally tether the rectum in place. A life-long habit of straining to have bowel movements can lead to this weakness, as can the stresses involved in childbirth. Some neurologic disorders (loss of nerve supply) can lead to weakening of the pelvic and anal sphincter muscles. In rare cases, there may be a hereditary predisposition. In some cases, no single cause can be identified.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse | Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery | Washington University in St. Louis

  https://colorectalsurgery.wustl.edu/patient-care/cope-center/pelvic-floor/rectal-prolapse/

  Rectal prolapse occurs when the lower rectum protrudes out of the anus. Prolapse can be partial, full or internal and is commonly associated with a history of chronic constipation and straining. […] Long history of straining with bowel movement […] Loss of muscle strength and stretching of the ligaments with aging […] Childbirth […] Pelvic floor dysfunction […] Neurologic disorders.

• #1 What is Rectal Prolapse? | Bladder & Bowel Community

  https://www.bladderandbowel.org/bowel/bowel-problems/rectal-prolapse/

  Rectal prolapse is when part of your rectum (back passage), or the lining of your rectum, protrudes through your anus. […] Rectal prolapse mainly affects women it is most common in women aged over 50, however, it can happen at any age. It can also affect men and young children under three. […] Its not fully understood why rectal prolapse develops. Its often associated with weakened pelvic floor muscles which are a group of muscles that form a supporting sling between your pubic bone and the base of your spine, and certain conditions that put extra pressure on your abdomen, such as: […] Conditions that cause you to cough a lot, such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or whooping cough, asthma cough or smokers cough. Rectal prolapse is also occasionally related to neurological conditions, including: multiple sclerosis (MS), lumbar disc disease, an injury to your lower back or pelvis, spinal tumours. […] In older women, rectal prolapse can occur at the same time as a prolapsed womb or bladder. This is thought to be due to a general weakness in your pelvic floor muscles, which may be related to previous pregnancy and childbirth.

• #1 Rectal prolapse – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectal_prolapse

  The assumed mechanism of fecal incontinence in rectal prolapse is by the chronic stretch and trauma to the anal sphincters and the presence of a direct conduit (the intussusceptum) connecting rectum to the external environment which is not guarded by the sphincters. […] The assumed mechanism of obstructed defecation is by disruption to the rectum and anal canal’s ability to contract and fully evacuate rectal contents. […] Some believe that internal rectal intussusception represents the initial form of a progressive spectrum of disorders the extreme of which is external rectal prolapse.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/anatomic-problems-lower-gi-tract/rectal-prolapse

  Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum drops down through the anus. […] Experts aren’t sure what causes rectal prolapse. Certain structural defects and risk factors may increase the chance of rectal prolapse. […] In adults with rectal prolapse, doctors have found certain defects in the pelvis or lower GI tract. These defects may increase the chance of rectal prolapse, or rectal prolapse may cause or worsen these defects. […] Certain conditions that increase pressure inside the abdomen or weaken the pelvic floor muscles may increase the chance of rectal prolapse.

• #1 Rectal Prolapse – Pelvic Floor Center

  https://pelvicfloorcenter.org/rectal-prolapse/

  Rectal prolapse occurs when the upper portion of the rectum telescopes itself inside out and comes out through the rectal opening. It is seen most often in elderly women, but it can occur in men and women of any age. […] Rectal prolapse is associated with chronic straining to pass stool. It is known that the attachments of the rectum to the pelvic bones progressively weaken. When these attachments are weak, straining to pass stool causes the rectum to turn itself inside out. In many cases, the cause is unknown.

• #2 Rectal prolapse: Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319977

  Rectal prolapse has multiple associated risk factors and causes, although doctors do not fully understand why some people get it. […] It often involves a weakening of the muscles that support the rectum and has various possible triggers, including: pregnancy, constipation or chronic straining, diarrhea, which affects about 15% of people, conditions that affect the pelvis or lower gastrointestinal tract. […] Some neurological conditions also affect the nerves associated with rectal prolapse: multiple sclerosis, lumbar disk disease, spinal tumors, injury to the lower back or pelvis. […] Rectal prolapse is more common in adults than children, and it is particularly prevalent in females aged 50 years or older, who are six times as likely to be affected as males. […] In the case of older females, rectal prolapse will often occur at the same time as a prolapsed bladder or gynecologic organ. This combined prolapse may occur due to general weakness in the pelvic floor muscles.

• #2 Rectal Prolapse

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3140332/

  Rectal prolapse is most frequently seen in elderly multiparous women. Other risk factors include connective tissue and psychiatric disorders as well as obesity. […] The exact cause and mechanism of rectal prolapse is not completely understood. Numerous possibilities have been proposed. Rectal prolapse may be seen in childhood suggesting a congenital defect in the pelvic connective tissue or sphincter musculature. Pregnancy, obesity, perineal injury, chronic constipation, or other conditions resulting in increased intra-abdominal pressure are associated with rectal prolapse. Anatomic variations, such as a deep cul-de-sac of Douglas and redundant sigmoid colon, are frequently associated with the condition and may be causal.

• #2 Rectal prolapse – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectal_prolapse

  A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. […] The precise cause is unknown, and has been much debated. […] Since most patients with rectal prolapse have a long history of constipation, it is thought that prolonged, excessive and repetitive straining during defecation may predispose to rectal prolapse. […] Some authors question whether these abnormalities are the cause, or secondary to the prolapse. […] Other predisposing factors/associated conditions include: pregnancy (although 35% of women who develop rectal prolapse are nulliparous), previous surgery, pelvic neuropathies and neurological disease, high gastrointestinal helminth loads (e.g. Whipworm), COPD, cystic fibrosis.

• #2 Rectal Prolapse: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Surgery

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/what-is-rectal-prolapse

  Rectal prolapse happens when the lining of your rectum drops outside of your anus. […] A variety of things can cause rectal prolapse, including: Long-term history of diarrhea or constipation, Cystic fibrosis, a condition that causes breathing and stomach problems, Intestinal parasite infection, Chronic coughing or sneezing, Long-term history of having to strain when you poop, Aging, which can lead to weakening of muscles and ligaments in the rectal area, Previous injury to the anal or hip area, Nerve damage that affects your muscles ability to tighten and loosen, which could be caused by pregnancy, vaginal childbirth complications, anal sphincter paralysis, or injury to your spine or back, Neurological problems, such as spinal cord disease or spinal cord transection. […] Rectal prolapse is more common in people assigned female at birth, especially as they age. In general, older people who have had a history of constipation or problems with their pelvic floor have a higher chance of having a prolapsed rectum.

• #2 What is Rectal Prolapse? | Bladder & Bowel Community

  https://www.bladderandbowel.org/bowel/bowel-problems/rectal-prolapse/

  Rectal prolapse is when part of your rectum (back passage), or the lining of your rectum, protrudes through your anus. […] Rectal prolapse mainly affects women it is most common in women aged over 50, however, it can happen at any age. It can also affect men and young children under three. […] Its not fully understood why rectal prolapse develops. Its often associated with weakened pelvic floor muscles which are a group of muscles that form a supporting sling between your pubic bone and the base of your spine, and certain conditions that put extra pressure on your abdomen, such as: […] Conditions that cause you to cough a lot, such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or whooping cough, asthma cough or smokers cough. Rectal prolapse is also occasionally related to neurological conditions, including: multiple sclerosis (MS), lumbar disc disease, an injury to your lower back or pelvis, spinal tumours. […] In older women, rectal prolapse can occur at the same time as a prolapsed womb or bladder. This is thought to be due to a general weakness in your pelvic floor muscles, which may be related to previous pregnancy and childbirth.

• #2

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/rectal-prolapse

  Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the rectum (the last part of the large intestine before it exits the anus) loses its normal attachments inside the body, allowing it to telescope out through the anus, thereby turning it inside out. […] While several factors are thought to be linked to rectal prolapse, there is no clear cut cause. An estimated 30% to 67% of patients have chronic constipation (infrequent stools or severe straining) and an additional 15% have diarrhea. […] In the past, this condition was assumed to be linked to giving birth multiple times by vaginal delivery. However, as many as 35% of patients with rectal prolapse never gave birth and it can occur in men. […] There might be some genetic predisposition to this condition; in other words: some patients are more prone based on their genes to develop this condition while others dont.

• #2 Rectal Prolapse: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2026460-overview

  The precise cause of rectal prolapse is not defined; however, a number of associated abnormalities have been found. As many as 50% of prolapse cases are caused by chronic straining with defecation and constipation. […] Other predisposing conditions include the following: Pregnancy, Previous surgery, Diarrhea, Benign prostatic hypertrophy, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Cystic fibrosis, Pertussis (ie, whooping cough), Pelvic floor dysfunction, Parasitic infections Amebiasis, schistosomiasis, Neurologic disorders – Previous lower back or pelvic trauma/lumbar disk disease, cauda equina syndrome, spinal tumors, multiple sclerosis, Disordered defecation (eg, stool withholding). […] Certain anatomic features found during surgery for rectal prolapse are common to most patients. These features include a patulous or weak anal sphincter with levator diastasis, deep anterior Douglas cul-de-sac, poor posterior rectal fixation with a long rectal mesentery, and redundant rectosigmoid. Whether these anatomic features are causes or results of the prolapsing rectum is not known. […] In children, rectal prolapse is probably related to the vertical orientation of the rectum, the mobility of the sigmoid colon, the relative weakness of the pelvic floor muscle, mucosa that is poorly fixed to submucosa, and redundant rectal mucosa.

• #2 Rectal prolapse: symptoms, causes, and treatments| Sapi Med

  https://www.sapimed.com/en/trivia/addressing-rectal-prolapse-symptoms-causes-and-treatment-options/

  Rectal prolapse can be attributed to a series of factors that contribute to the deterioration of the structure and function of the tissues involved in the integrity of the rectum and anus. The main causes include: […] Weakness of the muscles that play a fundamental role in supporting the pelvic organs, including the rectum. […] Pregnancy and childbirth, which can cause excessive weakening of the ligamentous and muscular structures of the pelvic floor and often contribute to a multi-compartment situation with associated rectal prolapse along with uterine and bladder prolapse (cystocele). […] Chronic constipation, where excessive and constant straining during defecation can put undue stress on the muscles and tissues of the rectum, increasing the risk of prolapse. […] Chronic diarrhea, which similarly to constipation, can exert pressure on the pelvic floor muscles and rectum.

• #2 Rectal Prolapse: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/digestive/rectal-prolapse

  What Causes Rectal Prolapse? The exact causes of rectal prolapse are not clear. However, many things can lead to the condition, including: […] Straining from chronic constipation and diarrhea […] Nerve damage from pregnancy or vaginal childbirth complications […] Chronic sneezing or coughing […] Weakened muscles and ligaments in the rectal area from aging […] Injury to the pelvis, anal, or hip area […] Spinal cord disease or nerve damage […] Overuse or abuse of laxatives […] Intestinal parasite infections […] Other conditions including cystic fibrosis, stroke, or dementia.

• #2 Rectal Prolapse: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Surgery – Gastroenterology Consultants of Savannah

  https://www.gastrosav.com/blog/rectal-prolapse-symptoms-causes-treatment-surgery/

  Rectal prolapse is not incredibly common, affecting roughly 2.5 out of every 100,000 people. […] Doctors are not always able to pinpoint why some patients get rectal prolapse and others do not. However, there are some specific causes in some patients. Pregnancy can be a cause in some patients. Because pregnancy lowers the pelvic floor, in some patients this can cause rectal prolapse. In addition, some patients may strain while pushing during labor and delivery. […] If you find yourself routinely constipated and pushing and straining while trying to force a bowel movement, this may predispose you to a rectal prolapse either now or later in life, particularly if you’re female. […] Women over 50 are six times more likely to develop rectal prolapse than any other age group or gender group, with women over 60 being the age group most likely to have rectal prolapse. This is because of the overall weakness of the pelvic floor.

• #2 Internal Prolapse Intussception – Birmingham Pelvic Floor Clinic

  https://birminghampelvicfloorclinic.com/conditions/internal-prolapse-intussception/

  Internal prolapse probably occurs because of weakness in the tissues supporting the rectum. This may be the result of damage sustained during childbirth, but it may also develop in patients who have to strain excessively to open their bowels. […] In many cases a n exact cause is not easy to find.

• #2 Rectal Prolapse: Symptoms, Treatment and Causes | Metropolis Healthcare

  https://www.metropolisindia.com/blog/preventive-healthcare/exploring-rectal-prolapse-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  Rectal prolapse is primarily caused by weakened pelvic floor muscles and tissues that support your rectum. Chronic straining during bowel movements due to constipation, long-term diarrhoea, ageing, childbirth, or previous pelvic surgery are common rectal prolapse causes. Other factors include neurological conditions, genetic predisposition, and certain connective tissue disorders. […] If left untreated, rectal prolapse can cause chronic pain, fecal incontinence, and difficulty passing stool. In severe cases, tissue damage, ulceration and even strangulation of prolapsed tissue can occur, requiring emergency surgery to prevent complications such as tissue necrosis.

• #3

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/rectal-prolapse-expanded-version

  Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the rectum (the last part of the large intestine before it exits the anus) loses its normal attachments inside the body, allowing it to telescope out through the anus, thereby turning it inside out. […] While several factors are thought to be linked to rectal prolapse, there is no clear cut cause. An estimated 30% to 67% of patients have chronic constipation (infrequent stools or severe straining) and an additional 15% have diarrhea. […] In the past, this condition was assumed to be linked to giving birth multiple times by vaginal delivery. However, as many as 35% of patients with rectal prolapse never gave birth and it can occur in men. […] There might be some genetic predisposition to this condition; in other words: some patients are more prone based on their genes to develop this condition while others don’t.

• #3 What Causes Rectal Prolapse?: Colon and Rectal Surgeons of Greater Hartford: Colon and Rectal Surgeons

  https://www.crsgh.com/blog/what-causes-rectal-prolapse

  Youre a woman […] Women over the age of 50 are six times more likely than men to develop rectal prolapse. […] Postmenopausal women are already at risk for pelvic floor prolapse, in which the bladder and other genitourinary organs collapse and drop down from their normal positions. Pregnancy and childbirth can further stress and damage genitourinary organs, including the rectum. […] Both women and men may develop weak pelvic floor muscles as they age. […] Straining from constipation and suffering the irritation and inflammation associated with diarrhea can both increase your risk for rectal prolapse. […] According to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, up to about 67% of patients with rectal prolapse suffer from constipation, while another 15% have diarrhea. […] If you were hurt in an auto or other type of accident, or experienced anal trauma related to sexual activity or rape, your rectal nerves and muscles may have been damaged. […] You may have an infection or an underlying medical condition including diabetes or cystic fibrosis that affects the health of your rectum.

Zobacz więcej