Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Goitre – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goitre

  A goitre can present as a palpable or visible enlargement of the thyroid gland at the base of the neck. […] A goitre, if associated with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, may be present with symptoms of the underlying disorder. For hyperthyroidism, the most common symptoms are associated with adrenergic stimulation: tachycardia (increased heart rate), palpitations, nervousness, tremor, increased blood pressure and heat intolerance. […] Hypothyroid people commonly have poor appetite, cold intolerance, constipation, lethargy and may undergo weight gain. However, these symptoms are often non-specific and make diagnosis difficult. […] According to the WHO classification of goitre by palpation, the severity of goitre is currently graded as grade 0, grade 1, grade 2. […] Goitre is more common among women, but this includes the many types of goitre caused by autoimmune problems, and not only those caused by simple lack of iodine.

• #1 Goiter: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12625-goiter

  Goiter may be associated with an irregular amount of thyroid hormone in your body (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism) or with normal levels of thyroid hormone (euthyroid). […] The size of a goiter can range from very small and barely noticeable to very large. Most goiters are painless, but if you have thyroiditis (an inflamed thyroid gland), it can be painful. […] The main symptoms of goiter include: A lump in the front of your neck, just below your Adam’s apple. A feeling of tightness in your throat area. Hoarseness (scratchy voice). Neck vein swelling. Dizziness when you raise your arms above your head. […] Some people who have a goiter may also have hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include: Rapid heart rate (tachycardia). Unexplained weight loss. Diarrhea. Sweating without exercise or increased room temperature. Shaking. Agitation.

• #1 Goiter – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/goiter/symptoms-causes/syc-20351829

  Most people with goiters have no signs or symptoms other than a swelling at the base of the neck. In many cases, the goiter is small enough that it’s only discovered during a routine medical exam or an imaging test for another condition. […] Other signs or symptoms depend on whether thyroid function changes, how quickly the goiter grows and whether it obstructs breathing. […] The size or position of a goiter may obstruct the airway and voice box. Signs and symptoms may include: Difficulty swallowing. Difficulty breathing with exertion. Cough. Hoarseness. Snoring. […] Changes in the production of thyroid hormones that may be associated with goiters have the potential for causing complications in multiple body systems.

• #1 Goiters and Thyroid Nodules (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/goiter.html

  An enlarged thyroid gland can be felt as a lump under the skin at the front of the neck. When it is large enough to see easily, it’s called a goiter. […] A goiter is most often spotted because it’s in the very front of the neck and moves up and down when a person swallows. People with a goiter might have the sensation that food is stuck in the throat, especially when they lie down or sleep on their backs. […] But goiters often grow very slowly over months and years before being noticed. It can be hard even for parents who pay close attention to notice the change early. […] Sometimes a nodule can appear in a healthy gland. It may feel like a lump in the throat, or cause tenderness or pain in the front of the neck. A large nodule might be visible at the front of the neck. Some kids with thyroid nodules have pain in the front of the neck or feel like they have a lump in the throat.

• #1 Goiter > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/goiter

  Goiter typically presents as a swelling in the lower portion of the front of the neck. The swelling may be smooth or irregular, large or small, tender or painless, and symmetrical or larger on one side. It usually isn’t a painful condition, but it may cause discomfort, particularly when the goiter is large. […] Other symptoms may include: Difficulty swallowing, Choking sensation, Voice hoarseness, Coughing, Noisy breathing, Trouble breathing, Snoring, Neck veins that bulge, Dizziness. […] Symptoms that may accompany a goitrous swelling caused by hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) include: Anxiety or nervousness, Weight loss, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Shakiness, Weakness, Fast or irregular heartbeat, Feeling winded from physical activity, Irregular menstrual cycles, Sleep problems, Feeling sweaty or heat intolerance. […] Symptoms that may accompany a goitrous condition caused by hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) include: Depression, Weight gain, Constipation, Dry skin, hair and/or nails, Irregular menstrual cycles, Fatigue, Feeling cold, Memory or concentration problems.

• #1 Simple goiter: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001178.htm

  A simple goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is usually not a tumor or cancer. […] The main symptom is an enlarged thyroid gland. The size may range from a single small nodule to a large mass at the front of the neck. […] Some people with a simple goiter may have symptoms of an underactive thyroid gland. […] In rare cases, an enlarged thyroid can put pressure on the windpipe (trachea) and food tube (esophagus). This can lead to: Breathing difficulties (with very large goiters), especially when lying flat on the back or when reaching up with your arms, Cough, Hoarseness, Swallowing difficulties, especially with solid food, Pain in the area of the thyroid. […] A simple goiter may disappear on its own, or may become larger. Over time, the thyroid gland may stop making enough thyroid hormone. This condition is called hypothyroidism. […] In some cases, a goiter becomes toxic and produces thyroid hormone on its own. This can cause high levels of thyroid hormone, a condition called hyperthyroidism.

• #1 The Impact of Esophageal Compression on Goiter Symptoms before and after Thyroid Surgery in: European Thyroid Journal Volume 8 Issue 1 (2019)

  https://etj.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/etj/8/1/ETJ493542.xml

  Benign nodular goiter may be associated with swallowing difficulties, but insight into the associated pathophysiology is limited. […] The goiter symptom score improved considerably from (mean SD) 40 21 to 10 10 points (ES = 1.5, p 0.001) after surgery, and the improvements were associated with improvements in SCAE (p= 0.03). […] In patients with goiter, thyroidectomy leads to substantial improvements in esophageal anatomy, as assessed by MRI, and this correlates with improved swallowing symptoms. […] The mean goiter symptom score of (mean SD) 40 21 points before surgery improved to 10 10 points after surgery (ES = 1.5, p 0.001). […] All 11 items of the goiter symptom scale improved after surgery. These included symptoms closely related to swallowing difficulties, such as discomfort swallowing, with scores reduced from a mean of 1.8 1.2 to 0.3 0.6 points postoperatively (ES = 1.6, p 0.001). […] The globus sensation also improved, with a large postsurgical mean decrease from 2.3 1.3 to 0.7 0.9 points (ES = 1.1, p 0.001). […] The Goiter Symptom Score decreased significantly after surgery with large reductions in both globus sensation and swallowing difficulties.

• #1 Multinodular Goiter | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/multinodular-goiter

  Most multinodular goiters do not cause symptoms and are discovered on routine physical exam or during a test being done for another reason. […] If the goiter is large enough, patients may have compressive symptoms that can include difficulty breathing (especially when lying flat), food or pills getting „stuck” in the throat, choking sensation, or a fullness in the neck. These symptoms most commonly happen if the goiter is growing down into the chest, called a substernal goiter. If the goiter is large enough, it may be visible. […] The appropriate treatment of a multinodular goiter depends on the size, how fast it is growing, the FNAB results, risk of cancer, if there are compressive symptoms, and whether the goiter is big enough to be cosmetically unappealing. In general, if the goiter is growing quickly, growing steadily over time, is concerning for cancer, is causing compressive symptoms, is growing substernally, or is cosmetically unappealing, it should be removed (i.e. thyroidectomy).

• #1 Multinodular Goiter | BIDMC of Boston

  https://www.bidmc.org/conditions-and-treatments/diabetes-and-endocrine/multinodular-goiter

  A multinodular goiter is an enlarged thyroid caused by multiple thyroid nodules. […] Most multinodular goiters are not toxic and do not cause symptoms. Patients with a multinodular goiter would show symptoms of hyperthyroidism, which include: Nervousness and irritability, Increased resting heart rate, Heat intolerance and increased sweating, Tremor, Weight loss or changes in appetite, Frequent bowel movements, Sudden paralysis, Thyroid enlargement (lump in the neck), Thick redness on the front of legs, which occurs with Graves’ Disease, Thin, delicate skin and irregular fingernail and hair growth, Decreased menstrual flow, Impaired fertility, Mental disturbances, Sleep disturbances (including insomnia).

• #1 Goiter: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12625-goiter

  Some people with goiter may also have hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). Symptoms of hypothyroidism include: Fatigue (feeling tired). Constipation. Dry skin. Unexplained weight gain. Abnormal menstruation (periods). […] Simple goiter has a good prognosis. If your thyroid continues to enlarge, it may compress the surrounding structures and may cause difficulty in breathing and swallowing and hoarseness. […] If the goiter is a sign of another thyroid disease, like Graves disease or Hashimotos disease, the prognosis depends on the underlying cause of your thyroid enlargement.

• #1 Hashimoto’s Disease: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17665-hashimotos-disease

  One of the early signs of Hashimotos disease is an enlarged thyroid (goiter). […] As the condition slowly progresses, your thyroid gland will sometimes become enlarged (a condition called goiter). Goiter is a common first sign of Hashimotos disease. […] If Hashimotos disease leads to hypothyroidism, it can cause the following symptoms over time: Tiredness (fatigue), lethargy and excessive sleeping. […] You may have less energy than you used to or cant exercise as much or as long as you once did. […] If you have a fitness tracker, you may notice that your heart rate is slower than it used to be. […] Hypothyroidism can also slow down your mood you may feel sad or depressed. […] If Hashimotos disease leads to hypothyroidism, the go-to treatment is a medication called levothyroxine.

• #1 Goiter | Endocrinology and Diabetes

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/endocrinology-diabetes/thyroid-disorders/goiter

  Some people with goiter have a noticeable lump in the front of their throat. In other cases, you may not realize you have an enlarged thyroid. […] Goiter can cause hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid). As a result, you may have symptoms of abnormal thyroid hormone levels. […] Goiter may cause a range of symptoms, such as: A hoarse voice, Coughing, Difficulty breathing, Dizziness, Extreme tiredness, Hair loss, Pain or swelling in your neck, Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, Trouble swallowing, Unexplained weight gain or weight loss. […] Goiter may not always need treatment. Sometimes it may not cause any symptoms, and the swelling goes away on its own.

• #1 Goiter – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562161/

  Patients with goiter commonly present to outpatient facilities with a variety of complaints. […] Goiter, either simple or nodular, or either nontoxic or toxic can majorly impact a patient’s quality of life and well-being and can have long-term physical and cosmetic health effects. […] The presence of goiter can be determined by inspection, palpation, or by an imaging study. […] Goiter can be associated with euthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism. […] The growth rate is usually slow and patients accommodate the enlarging thyroid at is a usual anatomic place very well without any sign or symptoms except for esthetical complaints or if the thyroid grows inferiorly to the thoracic cavity. […] Rapid growth may be due to hemorrhage into a nodule, inflammatory thyroid disorders, or malignancy.

• #1 Multinodular Goiter: Causes, Treatment, Complications, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multinodular-goiter

  Most multinodular goiters dont cause symptoms. If you have symptoms of hyperthyroidism or are having trouble breathing or swallowing, you should see a doctor. […] Multinodular goiters do increase your chance of developing thyroid cancer, but they can be treated with medication, radioactive iodine, or surgery depending on the type, if necessary.

• #1 Goiter: Causes, treatment, types, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167559

  Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, can cause symptoms such as an intolerance to the cold, constipation, forgetfulness, personality changes, hair loss, weight gain. […] People over the age of 40 are at greater risk of goiters, as are people with a family history of the condition. […] Most simple goiters are preventable through adequate intake of iodine, which is added to table salt in many countries. […] Medical professionals reserve active treatment of goiters for cases that cause symptoms. If the goiter is small and thyroid function is normal, people do not typically need treatment. […] Doctors will reserve surgery to reduce the size of the swelling for cases where the goiter is causing troublesome symptoms, such as difficulty breathing or swallowing.

• #1 What is a Goiter – Northwest Thyroid Center

  https://www.the-thyroid-surgeon.com/what-is-a-goiter/

  Anyone can get a goiter. It is more common in women, people over the age of 50, people living in iodine deficient areas, people with a family history of autoimmune disease, people who have had radiation exposure to the neck or chest, and people taking certain medications such as lithium, amiodarone, antiretrovirals, or immunosuppressants. […] The treatment of goiter depends on the specific cause. Often, the goiter is not causing any problems and observation is the only necessary intervention. If the goiter is resulting in too much thyroid hormone, medications such as methimazole or propylthiouracil may be used. If there is too little thyroid hormone, a medication called levothyroxine or Synthroid is commonly prescribed. Radioactive iodine may be used to kill overactive thyroid gland cells. Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland is also done in certain cases. There should be at least yearly follow-up of all people diagnosed with goiter regardless of the cause and even if no specific therapy is given.

• #1 Goiter history and symptoms – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Goiter_history_and_symptoms

  Obtaining history may provide important information in the diagnosis of goiter. It provides insight into cause, precipitating factors and associated comorbid conditions. Common symptoms of goiter include, swelling at the base of the neck, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness of voice and difficulty in breathing. […] Symptoms of of a patient suspected of goiter are evaluated based on: Major presenting complaints: Anterior neck swelling: Duration, Mode of onset, Rate of growth, Associated pain. […] Common symptoms of goiter include: Swelling at the base of the neck, Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), Hoarseness (hoarse voice), Feeling of fullness sometimes accompanied by choking sensation, Dyspnea (difficulty breathing), Cough. […] Less common symptoms of goiter include Pain in the area of enlargement/swelling, Wheeze, Phrenic nerve paralysis, Jugular vein compression or thrombosis (rare), Cerebrovascular steal syndromes (rare), Superior vena cava syndrome (rare).

• #1 Nontoxic Goiter – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482274/

  Nontoxic goiter usually evolves slowly and asymptomatic, so it needs no treatment and left for follow up. […] A non-toxic goiter is a benign entity and only causes aesthetic problems. However, if the size is large, it may compress the trachea, laryngeal nerves, and the esophagus. Most benign goiters have an excellent prognosis. A small percentage may cause hyperthyroidism and some may become malignant, hence life long surveillance is necessary. In people with compression, after surgical removal, the tracheal narrowing reverses and results in improved lung function. […] Large goiters may cause: Hyperthyroidism (Job basedow phenomenon), Tracheal compression, May transform into a malignancy, Bleed in the neck, May become infected.

• #1 Nontoxic Goiter – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482274/

  Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Nontoxic goiter is thyroid gland enlargement with no disturbance in the thyroid function. It is not due to inflammation or neoplasia. Abnormalities of iodine supplies or metabolism always lead to nontoxic goiter. With decreased thyroid hormone production due to iodine deficiency as an example, TSH release will increase and this, in the long-term, will lead to thyroid follicles hyperplasia and as a result increase in thyroid gland size. […] The goiter may be diffuse or a localized growth. If the goiter is large, it may extend into the retrosternal space. Because of the limited space in the mediastinum, the goiter can cause compression of the upper trachea, laryngeal nerves, and esophagus. […] Most of the nontoxic goiter patients are asymptomatic. The swelling may be discovered accidentally by the patient or others. Some individuals may have compressive symptoms like dysphagia, dyspnea, and hoarseness of voice due to mechanical compression of laryngeal nerves by the nearby huge goiter. Large thyroids may compress neck veins leading to facial congestion and discomfort.

• #1 Simple Nontoxic Goiter – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/simple-nontoxic-goiter

  People typically notice a swelling at the base of the neck but have no other symptoms. Sometimes the goiter presses on nearby tissue and causes cough, hoarseness, or difficulty breathing or swallowing. […] Unlike people with subacute thyroiditis, the thyroid gland in those with simple nontoxic goiter usually is not painful and tender to the touch.

• #1 Goitre – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goitre

  Goitre may be diagnosed via a thyroid function test in an individual suspected of having it. […] A goitre may be classified either as nodular or diffuse. […] Multinodular goiter (MNG) is the most common disorder of the thyroid gland. […] Goitre is treated according to the cause. If the thyroid gland is producing an excess of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), radioactive iodine is given to the patient to shrink the gland. […] If goitre is caused by iodine deficiency, small doses of iodide in the form of Lugol’s iodine or KI solution are given. […] If the goitre is associated with an underactive thyroid, thyroid supplements are used as treatment. Sometimes a partial or complete thyroidectomy is required.

• #1 Colloid Nodular Goiter – Endocrine Surgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/surgery/endocrine-surgery/patient-resources/patient-education/endocrine-surgery-encyclopedia/colloid-nodular-goiter

  Colloid nodular goiter is the enlargement of an otherwise normal thyroid gland. […] A colloid nodular goiter occurs when the thyroid gland is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body with sufficient hormone production. The thyroid gland compensates by enlarging, which usually overcomes mild deficiencies of thyroid hormone. […] If the thyroid gland is then re-exposed to iodine, the nodules may produce thyroid hormone independently. Occasionally, the nodules may produce too much thyroid hormone, causing thyrotoxicosis. This is called a toxic nodular goiter. […] Symptoms: Thyroid enlargement — may vary from a single small nodule to massive enlargement. […] A simple goiter may progress to a toxic nodular goiter. […] The prognosis is good with treatment. A persistent goiter may become toxic, causing symptoms of excess thyroid hormones to develop.

• #1 Toxic nodular goiter Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/toxic-nodular-goiter

  Toxic nodular goiter involves an enlarged thyroid gland. The gland contains areas that have increased in size and formed nodules. One or more of these nodules produce too much thyroid hormone. […] Symptoms may include any of the following: Fatigue, Frequent bowel movements, Heat intolerance, Increased appetite, Increased sweating, Irregular menstrual period (in women), Muscle cramps, Nervousness, Restlessness, Weight loss. […] Older adults may have symptoms that are less specific. These may include: Weakness and fatigue, Palpitations and chest pain or pressure, Changes in memory and mood. […] Toxic nodular goiter does not cause the bulging eyes that can occur with Graves disease. […] Toxic nodular goiter is mainly a disease of older adults. So, other chronic health problems may affect the outcome of this condition. An older adult may be less able to tolerate the effect of the disease on the heart. However, the condition is often treatable with medicines.

• #1 Graves’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves%27_disease

  Enlarged thyroid, irritability, muscle weakness, sleeping problems, fast heartbeat, weight loss, poor tolerance of heat, anxiety, tremor of hands or fingers, warm and moist skin, increased perspiration, goiter, changes in menstrual cycle, easy bruising, erectile dysfunction, reduced libido, frequent bowel movements, bulging eyes (Graves’ ophthalmopathy), thick red skin on shins or the top of foot (pretibial myxedema) […] The signs and symptoms of Graves disease virtually all result from the direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, with main exceptions being Graves ophthalmopathy, goiter, and pretibial myxedema (which are caused by the autoimmune processes of the disease). […] Symptoms of the resultant hyperthyroidism are mainly insomnia, hand tremor, hyperactivity, hair loss, excessive sweating, oligomenorrhea, itching, heat intolerance, weight loss despite increased appetite, diarrhea, frequent defecation, palpitations, periodic partial muscle weakness or paralysis in those especially of Asian descent, and skin warmth and moistness.

• #1 Toxic Nodular Goiter – Endocrinology Advisor

  https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/ddi/toxic-nodular-goiter/

  Toxic nodular goiter, also known as Plummer disease, is a condition where one or more growths or nodules occur in the thyroid gland. These nodules make excess thyroid hormone which is released into the bloodstream. This process results in a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. […] Symptoms include intolerance to heat and excessive sweating, tachycardia and palpitations, tremors, unexplained weight loss, increased bowel frequency, irregular menstrual cycles, and thinning of the skin and hair. […] Patients with toxic nodular goiter will typically present with symptoms of hyperthyroidism including intolerance to heat and excessive sweating, tachycardia and palpitations, tremors, unexplained weight loss, increased bowel frequency, irregular periods, and thinning of the skin and hair. […] Other toxic nodular goiter symptoms may include decreased libido, bedwetting (in children), muscle wasting and myopathy, atrial fibrillation, and upper eyelid dysfunction and staring.

• #1 Toxic multinodular goitre – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/714

  Toxic multinodular goitre is most common in older patients. […] Onset of symptoms is more insidious and symptoms less dramatic than for Graves’ disease. Patients may have apathetic hyperthyroidism (minimal signs/symptoms) or sub-clinical hyperthyroidism (isolated thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression). […] If untreated, complications may include sequelae of hyperthyroidism, such as cardiac dysfunction or bone loss, or tracheal compression by large goitres. […] Other diagnostic factors include heat intolerance, hyperphagia, or weight loss, depression, nervousness or palpitations, oligomenorrhoea, hyperdefecation, stare or lid lag, warm, moist skin, tachycardia, irregular pulse, tremor, muscle weakness, shortness of breath or choking sensation, Pemberton’s sign.

• #1 Goiter | UCSF Melanoma Surgery

  https://melanomasurgery.ucsf.edu/condition/goiter

  Goiter is a characteristic feature of all the common forms of hyperthyroidism. […] Conversely, people with hypothyroidism also often have a goiter. For example, the most common cause of hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, typically causes diffuse gland enlargement that is 1 to 3-times normal size. […] If the thyroid is so large as to cause symptoms by stretching or compressing adjacent structures, or if it is so big as to be unsightly, surgical removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) may be required. […] If the goiter is related to a condition causing hyperthyroidism, as in Graves disease or toxic nodular goiter, treatment with radioactive iodine may be effective in both controlling gland overactivity and decreasing its size. […] Some normally functioning (nontoxic) nodular goiters can also be shrunk with radioactive iodine therapy. […] If the thyroid is enlarged as the result of autoimmune (Hashimoto) thyroiditis and the gland is also underactive with a high blood TSH level, then starting thyroid hormone medication (L-thyroxine) may both treat the hypothyroidism and partially shrink the gland.

• #1 Hashimoto’s Disease: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17665-hashimotos-disease

  If you experience side effects from levothyroxine, its most likely because your dose is too high. […] Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include: Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) usually a heart rate higher than 100 beats per minute. […] With lifelong monitoring and treatment, the prognosis (outlook) for people with Hashimotos disease is excellent. […] If you have hypothyroidism from Hashimotos disease thats untreated, it can lead to certain health problems, including: High cholesterol. […] Without treatment, hypothyroidism can also cause problems during pregnancy. […] Let your providers know right away if you notice any hypothyroidism symptoms or feel like youre developing a goiter.

• #1 Congenital Goiter – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/hormonal-disorders-in-children/congenital-goiter

  The most common symptom of congenital goiter is firm and symmetric enlargement of the thyroid. There is no tenderness. The entire gland may be enlarged or only portions of it. It may be noticeable at birth or detected later. If the enlargement continues, the infant may have difficulty breathing and swallowing. […] Many infants with goiters have a normally functioning thyroid gland. However, some infants develop hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

• #1 Goiter in Animals – Endocrine System – MSD Veterinary Manual

  https://www.msdvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-thyroid-gland/goiter-in-animals

  Many animals with goiter appear to maintain euthyroid status; however, clinical signs of hypothyroidism may develop in some individuals, especially neonates. […] Goiter that is due to iodine deficiency is most common in neonatal pigs, lambs, and calves in areas with iodine-deficient soil. The thyroid lobes of the young animal usually are at least twice their normal size, soft, and dark red. Severe cases are accompanied by a lack of hair (especially in pigs) or wool (lambs). The neck is usually grossly enlarged, and the skin and other tissue may be thickened, flabby, and edematous. […] Goiter and hypothyroidism can occur in foals of dams fed excess iodine during gestation. […] Clinical signs of iodine toxicosis vary and can include the following: goiter, weakness, musculoskeletal abnormalities.

• #1 Goiter in Animals – Endocrine System – MSD Veterinary Manual

  https://www.msdvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-thyroid-gland/goiter-in-animals

  Congenital hypothyroidism and dysmaturity (CHD) syndrome of neonatal foals was first recognized in the early 1980s. CHD syndrome is characterized by hyperplasia of the thyroid gland (goiter) and multiple congenital musculoskeletal anomalies. […] Clinical signs of familial dyshormonogenetic goiter may include the following: subnormal growth rate, absence of normal wool development or a sparse coat, myxedematous swelling of subcutaneous tissues, weakness. […] Many animals with familial dyshormonogenetic goiter die shortly after birth or are very susceptible to adverse environmental conditions.

• #1 Clinical presentation and evaluation of goiter in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-presentation-and-evaluation-of-goiter-in-adults

  The term goiter refers to abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland detected by imaging studies or physical examination. Goiters can be diffuse or nodular, depending on the cause, and may be associated with normal, decreased, or increased thyroid hormone production. The clinical manifestations vary with thyroid function and with the size and location of the goiter. […] Enlarging thyroid lobes usually grow outward because of their location in the anterior neck in front of the trachea, covered only by thin strap muscles, subcutaneous tissue, and skin. As a result of this outward growth, even very large goiters may not compress the trachea or impinge on the great vessels lateral to the lobes. However, in patients with substantial enlargement of one lobe or asymmetric enlargement of both lobes, the trachea, esophagus, or blood vessels may be displaced or, less often, compressed. Bilateral lobar enlargement, especially if the goiter extends posterior to the trachea, may cause either compression or concentric narrowing of the trachea or compression of the esophagus or jugular veins. […] With some goiters, there is growth of one or both lobes through the inlet into the thoracic cavity, which can result in obstruction of any of the structures in the inlet. Such goiters are called substernal, although retrosternal is probably a more precise term.

• #1 Treatment of benign obstructive or substernal goiter – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-benign-obstructive-or-substernal-goiter

  Goiter refers to abnormal growth of the thyroid gland. Patients with longstanding goiters (cervical or substernal) may develop symptoms of obstruction due to progressive compression of the trachea or sudden enlargement (usually accompanied by pain) secondary to hemorrhage into a nodule. The most common obstructive symptom is exertional dyspnea, which is present in 30 to 60 percent of cases; it usually occurs when the tracheal diameter is under 8 mm. Substernal goiter may be detected incidentally on chest radiograph or computed tomography (CT) scan or found because of obstructive symptoms such as dyspnea, wheezing, or cough. […] Once goiter is detected (on physical examination or incidentally during a radiologic procedure performed for other purposes), an evaluation is performed to assess thyroid function and to identify the underlying cause, presence of obstructive symptoms, and presence of suspicious sonographic features in nodules within the goiter. These factors determine management.

• #1 Multinodular Goiter: Causes, Treatment, Complications, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multinodular-goiter

  Most multinodular goiters dont cause any symptoms and are discovered during a routine physical exam. […] If you have a toxic multinodular goiter, which makes too much thyroid hormone, you might have symptoms of hyperthyroidism. These include: sudden and unexplained weight loss, rapid heartbeat, increased appetite, nervousness or anxiety, tremors, usually in your hands, sweating, increased sensitivity to heat. […] A multinodular goiter that grows large can also cause symptoms, especially if it starts to grow into your chest. Symptoms of a large goiter include: difficulty breathing or swallowing, feeling like you have food stuck in your throat, having a full feeling in your neck. […] Very large multinodular goiters can also cause what are called compression symptoms, such as trouble breathing or swallowing. If your multinodular goiter is large enough to cause these symptoms, your doctor will most likely recommend surgery.

• #1 Understanding an Enlarged Thyroid

  https://www.thyroidcancer.com/blog/understanding-an-enlarged-thyroid

  The symptoms of an enlarged thyroid, or thyroid goiter, can vary depending on the size of the goiter. Some patients may not experience any symptoms at all, while others may face significant discomfort. Common symptoms include: […] In cases of substernal goiter, where the enlarged thyroid extends into the chest cavity, symptoms may be more severe. Difficulty breathing and chest discomfort are common in these cases, and they often require surgical intervention. […] Leaving an enlarged thyroid untreated can lead to several risks and complications. Goiters that continue to grow may cause more severe compressive symptoms over time, leading to significant discomfort and difficulty breathing. If the enlarged thyroid is related to thyroid cancer, delaying treatment can allow the cancer to spread, making it more challenging to treat effectively. […] Moreover, a substernal goiter that grows into the chest cavity can interfere with the function of other organs and structures, increasing the risk of complications. For these reasons, surgical intervention is crucial.

• #1 NONSURGICAL TREATMENT OF GOITER

  https://www.thyroid-goiter.com/goiter

  Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid, which is a butterfly-shaped gland in front of the neck. […] In multinodular goiter (MNG), the thyroid is enlarged due to presence of multiple nodules of various size. Sometimes these nodules may become very large and compress the trachea (windpipe) causing shortness of breath. In this condition, which is also called plunging goiter, there may also be voice changes, swallowing difficulties and upper eyelid paralysis (Horner syndrome) due to sympathetic nerve dysfunction. […] In MNG patients, new options such as percutaneous ablation and embolization has been increasingly used in the last 2 decades. […] After embolization, such goiters decrease in size substantially (around 80% volume reduction) in 6 months, which also continues thereafter for years. After the goiter shrinks compressive symptoms like hoarseness, swallowing difficulty and shortness of breath either disappears or decreases substantially.

• #1 Goiter | American Thyroid Association

  https://www.thyroid.org/goiter/

  WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF A GOITER? The term goiter simply refers to the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. A goiter indicates there is a condition present which is causing the thyroid to grow abnormally. […] The presence of a goiter indicates there is an abnormality of the thyroid gland. Therefore, it is important to determine the cause of the goiter. […] The treatment will depend upon the cause of the goiter. Whatever the cause, it is important to have regular (annual) monitoring when diagnosed with a goiter.

• #1 Goiter – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/goiter/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351834

  A goiter is often discovered during a routine physical exam. By touching your neck, your health care provider may detect an enlargement of the thyroid, an individual nodule or multiple nodules. […] Goiter treatment depends on the size of the goiter, your signs and symptoms, and the underlying cause. If your goiter is small and your thyroid function is healthy, your health care provider may suggest a wait-and-see approach with regular checkups. […] You may need surgery to remove all or part of your thyroid gland (total or partial thyroidectomy) may be used to treat goiter with the following complications: Difficulty breathing or swallowing. Thyroid nodules that cause hyperthyroidism. Thyroid cancer. […] Radioactive iodine is a treatment for an overactive thyroid gland. The dose of radioactive iodine is taken orally. The thyroid takes up the radioactive iodine, which destroys cells in the thyroid. The treatment lowers or eliminates hormone production and may decrease the size of the goiter. […] Will the goiter continue to get larger?

• #1 YOUR GUIDE TO MULTINODULAR GOITER | Supreme Vascular and Interventional Clinic

  https://supremevascular.com/your-guide-to-multinodular-goiter/

  When several nodules form in the thyroid, the condition is known as a multinodular goiter or enlarged thyroid. Thyroid enlargement can cause difficulty in breathing and eating. […] If nodules become too large or numerous, they impact the thyroid’s normal function. Symptoms like difficulty swallowing, breathing, or voice changes could arise. Consulting a healthcare professional is essential if these symptoms occur. Regular check-ups and prompt consultation with healthcare professionals ensure you can maintain your thyroid and overall health. […] While most multinodular goiters are benign and non-cancerous, there is a small risk of malignancy within these nodules. Thyroid cancer can occur in one or more of the nodules, making it essential for individuals with multinodular goiters to undergo proper evaluation and monitoring. […] Regular follow-up and monitoring, including periodic ultrasound examinations and thyroid function tests, are essential to detect any nodule changes and ensure timely intervention.

• #1 Goiter Symptoms, Treatment and Natural Remedies – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/goiter/

  In rare cases, a large goiter can put pressure on the windpipe (trachea) and food tube (esophagus). When a goiter is this large, it can become particularly hard to breathe when lying flat on ones back. Swallowing can also be especially difficult with solid food, and there might even be pain the thyroid area. […] A large goiter can also cause neck vein distention and dizziness when the arms are raised above the head. […] A goiter can also lead to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism if its not already being caused by one of these conditions. Hyperthyroidism can sometimes be caused by a nodular goiter, which causes the thyroid to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. […] You should always seek medical attention if you have any swelling in the front of your neck or if you experience any other symptoms. Sudden enlargement of a thyroid gland may indicate internal bleeding or the presence of an immune disorder, which requires immediate medical attention. […] Progressive thyroid enlargement or the development of hardened nodules may indicate thyroid malignancy (cancer). If there is a single, dominant nodule or if a nodule is enlarging, a fine needle biopsy should be performed to rule out cancer.

• #1 Goiter – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/thyroid-disorders/goiter

  The primary symptom of goiter is a swelling or lump on the front of the neck, which is due to an enlarged thyroid. In mild cases, goiter causes no other symptoms and thyroid function may be normal. In more serious cases, pressure from the goiter can interfere with swallowing, chewing or speaking. Other symptoms of goiter are related to dysfunction of the thyroid and hormone imbalance. […] In some cases, goiter can be a serious condition that should be evaluated immediately in an emergency setting. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you, or someone you are with, have any of these serious symptoms including: Difficulty breathing, Difficulty swallowing, Palpable nodules, Pain or tenderness, Symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as protruding eyes, unexplained weight loss, heat intolerance, and perspiration, Symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as depression, weakness, and unexplained weight gain.

• #1 Goiter in Dogs – Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Recovery, Management, Cost

  https://wagwalking.com/condition/goiter

  Goiter in dogs occurs when the thyroid gland swells and becomes enlarged. Symptoms of a goiter to watch for include: Difficulty swallowing, Shortness of breath at rest, Shortness of breath during activities, Wheezing sounds when breathing, Refusing to eat, Sudden and dramatic weight loss. Your veterinarian will need to treat not just the goiter but the thyroid condition that is causing the problem. In cases where the goiter is relatively small, they will eventually resolve on their own once the thyroid condition has been treated. Your veterinarian will closely monitor your dog’s progress throughout treatments to ensure that the goiter is receding. There are some dogs that have a goiter that is too large to recede without intervention. In these cases, surgical removal of the goiter is necessary. This is done under general anesthetic. Generally, when the goiter is removed, the entire thyroid gland is also removed; this procedure is called a thyroidectomy. Dogs that are diagnosed with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism are at a greater risk of developing a goiter. Once your veterinarian has diagnosed that your dog has a goiter, they can then discuss treatment options with you. The underlying thyroid problem will need to be addressed in order for the goiter to be resolved. […] If your dog had to have surgery to remove the goiter and the thyroid gland, post-surgical care will be required. Your veterinarian will be able to give you an accurate timeline for recovery once they see how well your dog is responding to treatments.

• #1 Are my goiters and thyroid nodules cancerous? | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY

  https://www.roswellpark.org/cancertalk/202310/are-my-goiters-thyroid-nodules-cancerous

  An enlarged thyroid called a goiter and thyroid nodules are two fairly common conditions that can occur when something is amiss with the thyroid. […] A goiter may develop alone or be made up of smaller thyroid nodules that can be benign or cancerous. […] If your goiter is large, you may experience symptoms such as trouble swallowing, feeling like food is stuck in your throat or difficulty breathing. […] Symptoms that a thyroid nodule may be cancerous include: Feeling that close-fitting shirt collars are becoming too tight. Changes to your voice, including increasing hoarseness. Difficulty swallowing. Swollen lymph nodes in your neck. Pain in your neck and throat. […] Surgery or radioactive iodine therapy may be necessary if you have a goiter that is causing serious symptoms.

• #1 Comprehensive Enlarged Thyroid & Goiter Treatment in Oviedo, FL

  https://www.diabetesandweightlosscenter.com/conditions/goiter-thyroid-nodule/

  Goiters can cause a range of symptoms and be attributed to a range of factors. […] A visible and palpable enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck is the hallmark symptom of a goiter. […] In some cases, a large goiter can compress the adjacent structures, leading to difficulty in swallowing or breathing. […] Pressure on the trachea or esophagus may result in chronic coughing or hoarseness. […] A goiter can sometimes contain thyroid nodules, which may need further evaluation for cancer risk. […] The treatment of a goiter depends on its underlying cause, size, and associated symptoms. […] If you suspect you have signs of goiter and thyroid nodules or are experiencing related symptoms, we encourage you to schedule an appointment for a thorough assessment and tailored treatment options. […] Remember, early diagnosis and intervention are essential in managing goiter effectively.

• #1 What Is a Goiter? What Causes Goiters?

  https://www.webmd.com/women/understanding-goiter-basics

  The symptoms of a goiter include swelling at the front base of the neck, ranging from a small lump or multiple nodules to a general enlargement on one or both sides of your neck. […] If you have a toxic goiter with hyperthyroidism, you might have: Sweating, Diarrhea, Nausea, A fast pulse or heartbeat, Shakiness or hand tremors, Weight loss despite an increased appetite, High blood pressure, An overheated feeling, Nervousness, Muscle weakness. […] If you have hypothyroidism, you could notice: Dry skin, Tiredness, Weight gain, Constipation, An irregular period, Slowed physical and mental functions, Depression, A lower heart rate, A cold feeling, Tingling or numbness in your hands. […] Goiters are slow-growing, but if you have a large goiter and notice shortness of breath or voice changes, you should call the doctor. The goiter may be pressing on your jugular vein, windpipe, esophagus, or the nerve that runs to your larynx. The growth requires treatment and may need to be surgically removed.

• #2 Goiter: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12625-goiter

  Goiter may be associated with an irregular amount of thyroid hormone in your body (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism) or with normal levels of thyroid hormone (euthyroid). […] The size of a goiter can range from very small and barely noticeable to very large. Most goiters are painless, but if you have thyroiditis (an inflamed thyroid gland), it can be painful. […] The main symptoms of goiter include: A lump in the front of your neck, just below your Adam’s apple. A feeling of tightness in your throat area. Hoarseness (scratchy voice). Neck vein swelling. Dizziness when you raise your arms above your head. […] Some people who have a goiter may also have hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include: Rapid heart rate (tachycardia). Unexplained weight loss. Diarrhea. Sweating without exercise or increased room temperature. Shaking. Agitation.

• #2 Goiter: Causes, treatment, types, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167559

  A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland that causes swelling in the neck. There are various possible causes, but it can be a sign that the thyroid gland is producing too much or too little thyroid hormone. A person may notice tightness in the throat and difficulty swallowing. […] In most cases, the only symptom of a goiter is a swelling in the neck. The swelling may be large enough to feel with the hand. […] The degree of swelling and the severity of symptoms produced by the goiter depend on the individual. […] When other symptoms occur, the following are most common: throat tightness, cough, and hoarseness; trouble swallowing; in severe cases, difficulty breathing. […] Hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, can cause symptoms such as nervousness, palpitations, hyperactivity, increased sweating, heat hypersensitivity, fatigue, increased appetite, hair loss, weight loss.

• #2 Goiter | Endocrinology and Diabetes

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/endocrinology-diabetes/thyroid-disorders/goiter

  Some people with goiter have a noticeable lump in the front of their throat. In other cases, you may not realize you have an enlarged thyroid. […] Goiter can cause hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid). As a result, you may have symptoms of abnormal thyroid hormone levels. […] Goiter may cause a range of symptoms, such as: A hoarse voice, Coughing, Difficulty breathing, Dizziness, Extreme tiredness, Hair loss, Pain or swelling in your neck, Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, Trouble swallowing, Unexplained weight gain or weight loss. […] Goiter may not always need treatment. Sometimes it may not cause any symptoms, and the swelling goes away on its own.

• #2 Goiter – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/goiter/symptoms-causes/syc-20351829

  Most people with goiters have no signs or symptoms other than a swelling at the base of the neck. In many cases, the goiter is small enough that it’s only discovered during a routine medical exam or an imaging test for another condition. […] Other signs or symptoms depend on whether thyroid function changes, how quickly the goiter grows and whether it obstructs breathing. […] The size or position of a goiter may obstruct the airway and voice box. Signs and symptoms may include: Difficulty swallowing. Difficulty breathing with exertion. Cough. Hoarseness. Snoring. […] Changes in the production of thyroid hormones that may be associated with goiters have the potential for causing complications in multiple body systems.

• #2 Goiter > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/goiter

  Goiter typically presents as a swelling in the lower portion of the front of the neck. The swelling may be smooth or irregular, large or small, tender or painless, and symmetrical or larger on one side. It usually isn’t a painful condition, but it may cause discomfort, particularly when the goiter is large. […] Other symptoms may include: Difficulty swallowing, Choking sensation, Voice hoarseness, Coughing, Noisy breathing, Trouble breathing, Snoring, Neck veins that bulge, Dizziness. […] Symptoms that may accompany a goitrous swelling caused by hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) include: Anxiety or nervousness, Weight loss, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Shakiness, Weakness, Fast or irregular heartbeat, Feeling winded from physical activity, Irregular menstrual cycles, Sleep problems, Feeling sweaty or heat intolerance. […] Symptoms that may accompany a goitrous condition caused by hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) include: Depression, Weight gain, Constipation, Dry skin, hair and/or nails, Irregular menstrual cycles, Fatigue, Feeling cold, Memory or concentration problems.

• #2 Thyroid Goiter

  https://www.thyroidcancer.com/thyroid-goiter

  Thyroid goiter is a condition where there is an abnormal enlargement of your thyroid gland. Most thyroid goiters are painless, but they may produce symptoms due to their size itself. The most common symptom from a thyroid goiter is a lump in the neck. Other symptoms from a large thyroid goiter may include a sense of a lump in the throat, difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing and even in extreme cases, voice changes and even vocal cord paralysis. […] Most thyroid goiters don’t cause symptoms, but they will if the goiter continues to grow. In fact, small thyroid goiters may more commonly be detected by routine examination of the patient’s neck by a doctor or by some type of screening x-ray or scan for some other reason. The symptoms occur as the goiter becomes big enough that it presses on other structures in the neck.

• #2 Nontoxic Goiter – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482274/

  Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Nontoxic goiter is thyroid gland enlargement with no disturbance in the thyroid function. It is not due to inflammation or neoplasia. Abnormalities of iodine supplies or metabolism always lead to nontoxic goiter. With decreased thyroid hormone production due to iodine deficiency as an example, TSH release will increase and this, in the long-term, will lead to thyroid follicles hyperplasia and as a result increase in thyroid gland size. […] The goiter may be diffuse or a localized growth. If the goiter is large, it may extend into the retrosternal space. Because of the limited space in the mediastinum, the goiter can cause compression of the upper trachea, laryngeal nerves, and esophagus. […] Most of the nontoxic goiter patients are asymptomatic. The swelling may be discovered accidentally by the patient or others. Some individuals may have compressive symptoms like dysphagia, dyspnea, and hoarseness of voice due to mechanical compression of laryngeal nerves by the nearby huge goiter. Large thyroids may compress neck veins leading to facial congestion and discomfort.

• #2 Goiter – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562161/

  Patients with goiter commonly present to outpatient facilities with a variety of complaints. […] Goiter, either simple or nodular, or either nontoxic or toxic can majorly impact a patient’s quality of life and well-being and can have long-term physical and cosmetic health effects. […] The presence of goiter can be determined by inspection, palpation, or by an imaging study. […] Goiter can be associated with euthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism. […] The growth rate is usually slow and patients accommodate the enlarging thyroid at is a usual anatomic place very well without any sign or symptoms except for esthetical complaints or if the thyroid grows inferiorly to the thoracic cavity. […] Rapid growth may be due to hemorrhage into a nodule, inflammatory thyroid disorders, or malignancy.

• #2 Multinodular Goiter | BIDMC of Boston

  https://www.bidmc.org/conditions-and-treatments/diabetes-and-endocrine/multinodular-goiter

  A multinodular goiter is an enlarged thyroid caused by multiple thyroid nodules. […] Most multinodular goiters are not toxic and do not cause symptoms. Patients with a multinodular goiter would show symptoms of hyperthyroidism, which include: Nervousness and irritability, Increased resting heart rate, Heat intolerance and increased sweating, Tremor, Weight loss or changes in appetite, Frequent bowel movements, Sudden paralysis, Thyroid enlargement (lump in the neck), Thick redness on the front of legs, which occurs with Graves’ Disease, Thin, delicate skin and irregular fingernail and hair growth, Decreased menstrual flow, Impaired fertility, Mental disturbances, Sleep disturbances (including insomnia).

• #2 Symptoms of Goiter: Types, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.starhealth.in/symptoms/goiter-symptoms/

  Goiter is a condition in which the thyroid gland grows larger and leads to neck swelling. This can be a precursor to many diseases, such as hormonal imbalances and nutrient deficiencies. […] The common symptoms of goitre include swelling in the front of the neck, which may appear as a small nodule, several nodules, or generalized enlargement of one or both sides. Besides, you may also experience: Hoarseness, Tightness in your throat, Swollen veins in your neck, Dizziness when you raise your arms, Trouble breathing or swallowing, Coughing. […] If you are suffering from toxic goitre disease with hyperthyroidism, you can also experience: Increased sweating, Diarrhea, Nausea, Rapid heartbeats, Shakiness or hand tremors, Loss of weight despite the appetite, High blood pressure, Sweating, Restlessness, Muscle weakness. […] In case you suffer from hypothyroidism, you will also be aware of the following: Dry skin, Fatigue, Irritation of the menstrual cycle, Weight gain, Constipation, Lower activities and thought process, Depression, Decreased heart rate, Feeling numb in your limbs, Numbness in your hands.

• #2 Hashimoto’s Disease: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17665-hashimotos-disease

  One of the early signs of Hashimotos disease is an enlarged thyroid (goiter). […] As the condition slowly progresses, your thyroid gland will sometimes become enlarged (a condition called goiter). Goiter is a common first sign of Hashimotos disease. […] If Hashimotos disease leads to hypothyroidism, it can cause the following symptoms over time: Tiredness (fatigue), lethargy and excessive sleeping. […] You may have less energy than you used to or cant exercise as much or as long as you once did. […] If you have a fitness tracker, you may notice that your heart rate is slower than it used to be. […] Hypothyroidism can also slow down your mood you may feel sad or depressed. […] If Hashimotos disease leads to hypothyroidism, the go-to treatment is a medication called levothyroxine.

• #2 Goiter: Causes, treatment, types, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167559

  Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, can cause symptoms such as an intolerance to the cold, constipation, forgetfulness, personality changes, hair loss, weight gain. […] People over the age of 40 are at greater risk of goiters, as are people with a family history of the condition. […] Most simple goiters are preventable through adequate intake of iodine, which is added to table salt in many countries. […] Medical professionals reserve active treatment of goiters for cases that cause symptoms. If the goiter is small and thyroid function is normal, people do not typically need treatment. […] Doctors will reserve surgery to reduce the size of the swelling for cases where the goiter is causing troublesome symptoms, such as difficulty breathing or swallowing.

• #2 Goiters and Thyroid Nodules (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/goiter.html

  An enlarged thyroid gland can be felt as a lump under the skin at the front of the neck. When it is large enough to see easily, it’s called a goiter. […] A goiter is most often spotted because it’s in the very front of the neck and moves up and down when a person swallows. People with a goiter might have the sensation that food is stuck in the throat, especially when they lie down or sleep on their backs. […] But goiters often grow very slowly over months and years before being noticed. It can be hard even for parents who pay close attention to notice the change early. […] Sometimes a nodule can appear in a healthy gland. It may feel like a lump in the throat, or cause tenderness or pain in the front of the neck. A large nodule might be visible at the front of the neck. Some kids with thyroid nodules have pain in the front of the neck or feel like they have a lump in the throat.

• #2 Goiter – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/thyroid-disorders/goiter

  Goiter refers to an enlargement of the thyroid gland. This condition usually occurs when the thyroid gland is not making enough thyroid hormone, so it tries to compensate by growing in size. In addition to the characteristic lump that occurs with goiter, you may experience difficulty breathing or trouble swallowing, or you may have a cough or sore throat. In mild cases of goiter, you may have a small lump, which may not be accompanied by any other symptoms and therefore may not require treatment. […] In more severe cases, thyroid hormones, radioactive iodine, or surgery may be necessary to treat the goiter. […] Simple goiters may resolve spontaneously or with the addition of dietary iodine. If a serious goiter goes untreated, however, it may enlarge and begin to interfere with the normal production of thyroid hormones. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can result.

• #2 Goitre | Endocrine Conditions

  https://www.yourhormones.info/endocrine-conditions/goitre/

  Some forms of goitre can be inherited. There is some evidence that the presence of goitre in one family member increases the chances of other family members having goitre. […] Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the goitre. Simple goitre, where there is no thyroid hormone imbalance and no problems arising from the size of the thyroid, is unlikely to cause problems. In case the goitre is large and symptomatic (difficult to swallow or to breathe), it may be appropriate to consider surgery (a thyroidectomy), though this will result in the patient requiring lifelong thyroxine (thyroid hormone) replacement. […] Usually there are no long-term implications of goitre, and the safest thing is to avoid unnecessary surgery once medical assessment has been made.

• #2 Thyroid Goiter – Endocrine Surgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/surgery/endocrine-surgery/patient-resources/patient-education/endocrine-surgery-encyclopedia/thyroid-goiter

  A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is not cancer. […] Symptoms: Thyroid enlargement varying from a single small nodule to massive enlargement (neck lump). Breathing difficulties, cough, or wheezing due to compression of the windpipe. Swallowing difficulties due to compression of the esophagus. Neck vein distention and dizziness when the arms are raised above the head. […] A goiter is a benign (harmless) process. A simple goiter may disappear on its own, or may become large. Over time, hypothyroidism (not enough thyroid hormone) may develop due to destruction of the normal thyroid tissue. This can be treated with medications to replace the thyroid hormone. […] Occasionally, a goiter may progress to a toxic nodular goiter when a nodule is making thyroid hormone on its own. This can cause hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone) and can be treated with radioactive iodine to destroy the nodule. […] A simple goiter may progress to a toxic nodular goiter.

• #2 Goiter Symptoms, Treatment and Natural Remedies – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/goiter/

  In rare cases, a large goiter can put pressure on the windpipe (trachea) and food tube (esophagus). When a goiter is this large, it can become particularly hard to breathe when lying flat on ones back. Swallowing can also be especially difficult with solid food, and there might even be pain the thyroid area. […] A large goiter can also cause neck vein distention and dizziness when the arms are raised above the head. […] A goiter can also lead to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism if its not already being caused by one of these conditions. Hyperthyroidism can sometimes be caused by a nodular goiter, which causes the thyroid to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. […] You should always seek medical attention if you have any swelling in the front of your neck or if you experience any other symptoms. Sudden enlargement of a thyroid gland may indicate internal bleeding or the presence of an immune disorder, which requires immediate medical attention. […] Progressive thyroid enlargement or the development of hardened nodules may indicate thyroid malignancy (cancer). If there is a single, dominant nodule or if a nodule is enlarging, a fine needle biopsy should be performed to rule out cancer.

• #2 What is a Goiter – Northwest Thyroid Center

  https://www.the-thyroid-surgeon.com/what-is-a-goiter/

  Anyone can get a goiter. It is more common in women, people over the age of 50, people living in iodine deficient areas, people with a family history of autoimmune disease, people who have had radiation exposure to the neck or chest, and people taking certain medications such as lithium, amiodarone, antiretrovirals, or immunosuppressants. […] The treatment of goiter depends on the specific cause. Often, the goiter is not causing any problems and observation is the only necessary intervention. If the goiter is resulting in too much thyroid hormone, medications such as methimazole or propylthiouracil may be used. If there is too little thyroid hormone, a medication called levothyroxine or Synthroid is commonly prescribed. Radioactive iodine may be used to kill overactive thyroid gland cells. Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland is also done in certain cases. There should be at least yearly follow-up of all people diagnosed with goiter regardless of the cause and even if no specific therapy is given.

• #2 Thyroid disease

  https://womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/thyroid-disease

  Sometimes, symptoms of thyroid problems are mistaken for menopause symptoms. […] A goiter is an unusually enlarged thyroid gland. […] Usually, the only symptom of a goiter is a swelling in your neck. It may be large enough that you can see it or feel the lump with your hand. A very large goiter can also cause a tight feeling in your throat, coughing, or problems swallowing or breathing. […] Goiter is more common in women than in men and especially in women before menopause.

• #2 A Growing Goiter | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2024/0600/photo-quiz-growing-goiter.html

  A 27-year-old woman presented with a mass on the front of her neck that had enlarged over the past few months. The mass was not tender or painful, but the patient had occasional dysphagia. She reported new symptoms, including irregular menses, heat intolerance, and increased anxiety and appetite. Physical examination revealed tachycardia with a heart rate of 120 beats per minute and a goiter that was diffusely enlarged and nontender. In Graves disease, thyroid-stimulating antibodies agonize the TSH receptor. This leads to overproduction of the T4 hormone, causing hyperplasia of the thyroid gland with a resultant goiter that is diffuse and nontender. […] It occurs in 20 to 50 out of 100,000 adults and is more common in women than men. Risk factors include a family history of the condition, other autoimmune diseases, stress, smoking, infection, and iodine exposure.

• #2 Nontoxic Goiter – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482274/

  Nontoxic goiter usually evolves slowly and asymptomatic, so it needs no treatment and left for follow up. […] A non-toxic goiter is a benign entity and only causes aesthetic problems. However, if the size is large, it may compress the trachea, laryngeal nerves, and the esophagus. Most benign goiters have an excellent prognosis. A small percentage may cause hyperthyroidism and some may become malignant, hence life long surveillance is necessary. In people with compression, after surgical removal, the tracheal narrowing reverses and results in improved lung function. […] Large goiters may cause: Hyperthyroidism (Job basedow phenomenon), Tracheal compression, May transform into a malignancy, Bleed in the neck, May become infected.

• #2 Multinodular Goiter | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/multinodular-goiter

  Most multinodular goiters do not cause symptoms and are discovered on routine physical exam or during a test being done for another reason. […] If the goiter is large enough, patients may have compressive symptoms that can include difficulty breathing (especially when lying flat), food or pills getting „stuck” in the throat, choking sensation, or a fullness in the neck. These symptoms most commonly happen if the goiter is growing down into the chest, called a substernal goiter. If the goiter is large enough, it may be visible. […] The appropriate treatment of a multinodular goiter depends on the size, how fast it is growing, the FNAB results, risk of cancer, if there are compressive symptoms, and whether the goiter is big enough to be cosmetically unappealing. In general, if the goiter is growing quickly, growing steadily over time, is concerning for cancer, is causing compressive symptoms, is growing substernally, or is cosmetically unappealing, it should be removed (i.e. thyroidectomy).

• #2 Goiter: Causes, Types, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/goiter-simple

  Goiter is a condition that increases the size of your thyroid gland, and may affect way its function. Its often identifiable by swelling in your neck. […] The primary symptom of a goiter is noticeable swelling in your neck. If you have nodules on your thyroid, they may range in size from very small to very large. The presence of nodules may increase the appearance of swelling. […] Other symptoms include the following: difficulty swallowing or breathing, coughing, hoarseness in your voice, dizziness when you raise your arm above your head. […] Many goiters disappear with treatment, while others may increase in size. Speak with your doctor if your symptoms increase or become worse. […] If your thyroid continues to make more hormones than you need, this can lead to hyperthyroidism. Not making enough hormones may lead to hypothyroidism.

• #2 Multinodular Goiter: Causes, Treatment, Complications, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multinodular-goiter

  Most multinodular goiters dont cause symptoms. If you have symptoms of hyperthyroidism or are having trouble breathing or swallowing, you should see a doctor. […] Multinodular goiters do increase your chance of developing thyroid cancer, but they can be treated with medication, radioactive iodine, or surgery depending on the type, if necessary.

• #2 Graves’ disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves%27_disease

  The increase in the risk of nerve injury can be due to the increased vascularity of the thyroid parenchyma and the development of links between the thyroid capsule and the surrounding tissues. […] If left untreated, more serious complications could result, including birth defects in pregnancy, increased risk of a miscarriage, bone mineral loss and, in extreme cases, death (e.g. indirectly through complications, or through a thyroid storm event). […] Prolonged untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to bone loss, which may resolve when treated.

• #2 Colloid Nodular Goiter – Endocrine Surgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/surgery/endocrine-surgery/patient-resources/patient-education/endocrine-surgery-encyclopedia/colloid-nodular-goiter

  Colloid nodular goiter is the enlargement of an otherwise normal thyroid gland. […] A colloid nodular goiter occurs when the thyroid gland is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body with sufficient hormone production. The thyroid gland compensates by enlarging, which usually overcomes mild deficiencies of thyroid hormone. […] If the thyroid gland is then re-exposed to iodine, the nodules may produce thyroid hormone independently. Occasionally, the nodules may produce too much thyroid hormone, causing thyrotoxicosis. This is called a toxic nodular goiter. […] Symptoms: Thyroid enlargement — may vary from a single small nodule to massive enlargement. […] A simple goiter may progress to a toxic nodular goiter. […] The prognosis is good with treatment. A persistent goiter may become toxic, causing symptoms of excess thyroid hormones to develop.

• #2 Multinodular Goiter: Causes, Treatment, Complications, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multinodular-goiter

  Most multinodular goiters dont cause any symptoms and are discovered during a routine physical exam. […] If you have a toxic multinodular goiter, which makes too much thyroid hormone, you might have symptoms of hyperthyroidism. These include: sudden and unexplained weight loss, rapid heartbeat, increased appetite, nervousness or anxiety, tremors, usually in your hands, sweating, increased sensitivity to heat. […] A multinodular goiter that grows large can also cause symptoms, especially if it starts to grow into your chest. Symptoms of a large goiter include: difficulty breathing or swallowing, feeling like you have food stuck in your throat, having a full feeling in your neck. […] Very large multinodular goiters can also cause what are called compression symptoms, such as trouble breathing or swallowing. If your multinodular goiter is large enough to cause these symptoms, your doctor will most likely recommend surgery.

• #2 Toxic Nodular Goiter – Endocrinology Advisor

  https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/ddi/toxic-nodular-goiter/

  Toxic nodular goiter, also known as Plummer disease, is a condition where one or more growths or nodules occur in the thyroid gland. These nodules make excess thyroid hormone which is released into the bloodstream. This process results in a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. […] Symptoms include intolerance to heat and excessive sweating, tachycardia and palpitations, tremors, unexplained weight loss, increased bowel frequency, irregular menstrual cycles, and thinning of the skin and hair. […] Patients with toxic nodular goiter will typically present with symptoms of hyperthyroidism including intolerance to heat and excessive sweating, tachycardia and palpitations, tremors, unexplained weight loss, increased bowel frequency, irregular periods, and thinning of the skin and hair. […] Other toxic nodular goiter symptoms may include decreased libido, bedwetting (in children), muscle wasting and myopathy, atrial fibrillation, and upper eyelid dysfunction and staring.

• #2 Toxic Nodular Goiter – Endocrinology Advisor

  https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/ddi/toxic-nodular-goiter/

  Symptoms caused by goiter may differ depending on the size of the mass and may include difficulty swallowing or breathing, hoarseness, and in severe cases, compression of the trachea. […] Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism due to toxic nodular goiter is based on an evaluation of symptoms and a physical exam. […] Patients with hyperthyroidism will typically have low TSH with high T3 and T4. […] Toxic nodular goiter treatment depends on symptoms and lab values. If the patient is not experiencing symptoms or the hyperthyroidism is subclinical, treatment may not be needed. […] Surgery is the standard treatment for toxic nodular goiter. […] This may include total or partial thyroidectomy, depending on the number of nodules. […] Selective removal of nodules helps preserve thyroid gland function but may lead to future recurrence of goiter.

• #2 Hashimoto’s Disease: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17665-hashimotos-disease

  If you experience side effects from levothyroxine, its most likely because your dose is too high. […] Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include: Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) usually a heart rate higher than 100 beats per minute. […] With lifelong monitoring and treatment, the prognosis (outlook) for people with Hashimotos disease is excellent. […] If you have hypothyroidism from Hashimotos disease thats untreated, it can lead to certain health problems, including: High cholesterol. […] Without treatment, hypothyroidism can also cause problems during pregnancy. […] Let your providers know right away if you notice any hypothyroidism symptoms or feel like youre developing a goiter.

• #2 Goiter in Animals – Endocrine System – MSD Veterinary Manual

  https://www.msdvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-thyroid-gland/goiter-in-animals

  Congenital hypothyroidism and dysmaturity (CHD) syndrome of neonatal foals was first recognized in the early 1980s. CHD syndrome is characterized by hyperplasia of the thyroid gland (goiter) and multiple congenital musculoskeletal anomalies. […] Clinical signs of familial dyshormonogenetic goiter may include the following: subnormal growth rate, absence of normal wool development or a sparse coat, myxedematous swelling of subcutaneous tissues, weakness. […] Many animals with familial dyshormonogenetic goiter die shortly after birth or are very susceptible to adverse environmental conditions.

• #2 Goiter in Animals – Endocrine System – MSD Veterinary Manual

  https://www.msdvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-thyroid-gland/goiter-in-animals

  Many animals with goiter appear to maintain euthyroid status; however, clinical signs of hypothyroidism may develop in some individuals, especially neonates. […] Goiter that is due to iodine deficiency is most common in neonatal pigs, lambs, and calves in areas with iodine-deficient soil. The thyroid lobes of the young animal usually are at least twice their normal size, soft, and dark red. Severe cases are accompanied by a lack of hair (especially in pigs) or wool (lambs). The neck is usually grossly enlarged, and the skin and other tissue may be thickened, flabby, and edematous. […] Goiter and hypothyroidism can occur in foals of dams fed excess iodine during gestation. […] Clinical signs of iodine toxicosis vary and can include the following: goiter, weakness, musculoskeletal abnormalities.

• #2 NONSURGICAL TREATMENT OF GOITER

  https://www.thyroid-goiter.com/goiter

  Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid, which is a butterfly-shaped gland in front of the neck. […] In multinodular goiter (MNG), the thyroid is enlarged due to presence of multiple nodules of various size. Sometimes these nodules may become very large and compress the trachea (windpipe) causing shortness of breath. In this condition, which is also called plunging goiter, there may also be voice changes, swallowing difficulties and upper eyelid paralysis (Horner syndrome) due to sympathetic nerve dysfunction. […] In MNG patients, new options such as percutaneous ablation and embolization has been increasingly used in the last 2 decades. […] After embolization, such goiters decrease in size substantially (around 80% volume reduction) in 6 months, which also continues thereafter for years. After the goiter shrinks compressive symptoms like hoarseness, swallowing difficulty and shortness of breath either disappears or decreases substantially.

• #2 Goiter | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/goiter

  Most people with goiters have no signs or symptoms other than a swelling at the base of the neck. […] Other signs or symptoms depend on whether thyroid function changes, how quickly the goiter grows and whether it obstructs breathing. […] The size or position of a goiter may obstruct the airway and voice box. Signs and symptoms may include: Difficulty swallowing. […] A goiter itself usually doesn’t cause complications. The appearance may be troublesome or embarrassing for some people. A large goiter may obstruct the airway and voice box. […] Changes in the production of thyroid hormones that may be associated with goiters have the potential for causing complications in multiple body systems. […] If your goiter is small and your thyroid function is healthy, your health care provider may suggest a wait-and-see approach with regular checkups.

• #2 Goiter – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/thyroid-disorders/goiter

  The primary symptom of goiter is a swelling or lump on the front of the neck, which is due to an enlarged thyroid. In mild cases, goiter causes no other symptoms and thyroid function may be normal. In more serious cases, pressure from the goiter can interfere with swallowing, chewing or speaking. Other symptoms of goiter are related to dysfunction of the thyroid and hormone imbalance. […] In some cases, goiter can be a serious condition that should be evaluated immediately in an emergency setting. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you, or someone you are with, have any of these serious symptoms including: Difficulty breathing, Difficulty swallowing, Palpable nodules, Pain or tenderness, Symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as protruding eyes, unexplained weight loss, heat intolerance, and perspiration, Symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as depression, weakness, and unexplained weight gain.

• #2 Become a member

  https://www.btf-thyroid.org/thyroid-nodules-and-swellingsleaflet

  A swelling in the neck due to an enlarged thyroid gland is called a goitre. Nodules are lumps in the thyroid gland. Most are harmless but you should arrange an appointment with your doctor as soon as you find a lump or swelling. […] If you have a nodule or swelling in your neck you should see your doctor with a minimum of delay. Your doctor will assess the swelling and refer you to a specialist clinic if necessary. Most nodules and swellings are harmless, but it is always best to have them checked promptly in case they are among the few that are cancerous. […] Any nodule or swelling you find should be investigated straightaway. Most nodules and swellings are not cancerous. Most thyroid cancers are curable.

• #2 Are my goiters and thyroid nodules cancerous? | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY

  https://www.roswellpark.org/cancertalk/202310/are-my-goiters-thyroid-nodules-cancerous

  An enlarged thyroid called a goiter and thyroid nodules are two fairly common conditions that can occur when something is amiss with the thyroid. […] A goiter may develop alone or be made up of smaller thyroid nodules that can be benign or cancerous. […] If your goiter is large, you may experience symptoms such as trouble swallowing, feeling like food is stuck in your throat or difficulty breathing. […] Symptoms that a thyroid nodule may be cancerous include: Feeling that close-fitting shirt collars are becoming too tight. Changes to your voice, including increasing hoarseness. Difficulty swallowing. Swollen lymph nodes in your neck. Pain in your neck and throat. […] Surgery or radioactive iodine therapy may be necessary if you have a goiter that is causing serious symptoms.

• #2 How To Check For Goiter At Home? – RFAMDFacebook iconYouTube iconLinkedIn icon

  https://www.rfamd.com/check-for-goiter-at-home/

  A goiter refers to an enlargement of the thyroid gland located at the base of the neck. […] While a goiter may not cause noticeable symptoms initially, detecting it early is important to manage any underlying thyroid conditions. […] The presence of a goiter can be associated with abnormal levels of thyroid hormone in the body. […] In some cases, a goiter may not produce any symptoms and might only be discovered during a routine physical exam. However, in other instances, it can cause significant symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, breathing, or speaking, making early detection and management crucial. […] Be alert for any of the following signs when doing a goiter self-check, and consult a doctor promptly if noticed: […] Contact your healthcare provider right away if self-examination reveals any indications of a potential goiter. Timely evaluation and diagnosis are key, as goiters left untreated can lead to problematic symptoms. […] You should also see a doctor if you experience: […] Doing periodic self-checks for goiter can help detect thyroid changes early. […] Though goiters often do not initially cause symptoms, catching them in time is key to managing resultant thyroid dysfunction.

• #2 Colloid Nodular Goiter – Endocrine Surgery | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/surgery/endocrine-surgery/patient-resources/patient-education/endocrine-surgery-encyclopedia/colloid-nodular-goiter

  Progressive thyroid enlargement or the development of hardened nodules may indicate thyroid malignancy (cancer). If there is a single, dominant nodule or if a nodule is enlarging, a fine needle biopsy should be performed to exclude malignancy. […] Thyrotoxicosis may occur spontaneously with iodine re-exposure.

• #3 Goiter: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12625-goiter

  Goiter may be associated with an irregular amount of thyroid hormone in your body (hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism) or with normal levels of thyroid hormone (euthyroid). […] The size of a goiter can range from very small and barely noticeable to very large. Most goiters are painless, but if you have thyroiditis (an inflamed thyroid gland), it can be painful. […] The main symptoms of goiter include: A lump in the front of your neck, just below your Adam’s apple. A feeling of tightness in your throat area. Hoarseness (scratchy voice). Neck vein swelling. Dizziness when you raise your arms above your head. […] Some people who have a goiter may also have hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include: Rapid heart rate (tachycardia). Unexplained weight loss. Diarrhea. Sweating without exercise or increased room temperature. Shaking. Agitation.

• #3 Simple Nontoxic Goiter – Hormonal and Metabolic Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/thyroid-gland-disorders/simple-nontoxic-goiter

  People typically notice a swelling at the base of the neck but have no other symptoms. Sometimes the goiter presses on nearby tissue and causes cough, hoarseness, or difficulty breathing or swallowing. […] Unlike people with subacute thyroiditis, the thyroid gland in those with simple nontoxic goiter usually is not painful and tender to the touch.

• #3 Understanding an Enlarged Thyroid

  https://www.thyroidcancer.com/blog/understanding-an-enlarged-thyroid

  The symptoms of an enlarged thyroid, or thyroid goiter, can vary depending on the size of the goiter. Some patients may not experience any symptoms at all, while others may face significant discomfort. Common symptoms include: […] In cases of substernal goiter, where the enlarged thyroid extends into the chest cavity, symptoms may be more severe. Difficulty breathing and chest discomfort are common in these cases, and they often require surgical intervention. […] Leaving an enlarged thyroid untreated can lead to several risks and complications. Goiters that continue to grow may cause more severe compressive symptoms over time, leading to significant discomfort and difficulty breathing. If the enlarged thyroid is related to thyroid cancer, delaying treatment can allow the cancer to spread, making it more challenging to treat effectively. […] Moreover, a substernal goiter that grows into the chest cavity can interfere with the function of other organs and structures, increasing the risk of complications. For these reasons, surgical intervention is crucial.

• #3 Goiter: Causes, treatment, types, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167559

  A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland that causes swelling in the neck. There are various possible causes, but it can be a sign that the thyroid gland is producing too much or too little thyroid hormone. A person may notice tightness in the throat and difficulty swallowing. […] In most cases, the only symptom of a goiter is a swelling in the neck. The swelling may be large enough to feel with the hand. […] The degree of swelling and the severity of symptoms produced by the goiter depend on the individual. […] When other symptoms occur, the following are most common: throat tightness, cough, and hoarseness; trouble swallowing; in severe cases, difficulty breathing. […] Hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, can cause symptoms such as nervousness, palpitations, hyperactivity, increased sweating, heat hypersensitivity, fatigue, increased appetite, hair loss, weight loss.

• #3 Goiter: Causes, treatment, types, and symptoms

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167559

  Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, can cause symptoms such as an intolerance to the cold, constipation, forgetfulness, personality changes, hair loss, weight gain. […] People over the age of 40 are at greater risk of goiters, as are people with a family history of the condition. […] Most simple goiters are preventable through adequate intake of iodine, which is added to table salt in many countries. […] Medical professionals reserve active treatment of goiters for cases that cause symptoms. If the goiter is small and thyroid function is normal, people do not typically need treatment. […] Doctors will reserve surgery to reduce the size of the swelling for cases where the goiter is causing troublesome symptoms, such as difficulty breathing or swallowing.

• #3 Multinodular Goiter | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/multinodular-goiter

  Most multinodular goiters do not cause symptoms and are discovered on routine physical exam or during a test being done for another reason. […] If the goiter is large enough, patients may have compressive symptoms that can include difficulty breathing (especially when lying flat), food or pills getting „stuck” in the throat, choking sensation, or a fullness in the neck. These symptoms most commonly happen if the goiter is growing down into the chest, called a substernal goiter. If the goiter is large enough, it may be visible. […] The appropriate treatment of a multinodular goiter depends on the size, how fast it is growing, the FNAB results, risk of cancer, if there are compressive symptoms, and whether the goiter is big enough to be cosmetically unappealing. In general, if the goiter is growing quickly, growing steadily over time, is concerning for cancer, is causing compressive symptoms, is growing substernally, or is cosmetically unappealing, it should be removed (i.e. thyroidectomy).

• #3 Toxic multinodular goitre – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/714

  Toxic multinodular goitre is most common in older patients. […] Onset of symptoms is more insidious and symptoms less dramatic than for Graves’ disease. Patients may have apathetic hyperthyroidism (minimal signs/symptoms) or sub-clinical hyperthyroidism (isolated thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression). […] If untreated, complications may include sequelae of hyperthyroidism, such as cardiac dysfunction or bone loss, or tracheal compression by large goitres. […] Other diagnostic factors include heat intolerance, hyperphagia, or weight loss, depression, nervousness or palpitations, oligomenorrhoea, hyperdefecation, stare or lid lag, warm, moist skin, tachycardia, irregular pulse, tremor, muscle weakness, shortness of breath or choking sensation, Pemberton’s sign.

• #3 Goiter in Animals – Endocrine System – MSD Veterinary Manual

  https://www.msdvetmanual.com/endocrine-system/the-thyroid-gland/goiter-in-animals

  Congenital hypothyroidism and dysmaturity (CHD) syndrome of neonatal foals was first recognized in the early 1980s. CHD syndrome is characterized by hyperplasia of the thyroid gland (goiter) and multiple congenital musculoskeletal anomalies. […] Clinical signs of familial dyshormonogenetic goiter may include the following: subnormal growth rate, absence of normal wool development or a sparse coat, myxedematous swelling of subcutaneous tissues, weakness. […] Many animals with familial dyshormonogenetic goiter die shortly after birth or are very susceptible to adverse environmental conditions.

• #3 Multinodular Goiter: Causes, Treatment, Complications, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multinodular-goiter

  Most multinodular goiters dont cause any symptoms and are discovered during a routine physical exam. […] If you have a toxic multinodular goiter, which makes too much thyroid hormone, you might have symptoms of hyperthyroidism. These include: sudden and unexplained weight loss, rapid heartbeat, increased appetite, nervousness or anxiety, tremors, usually in your hands, sweating, increased sensitivity to heat. […] A multinodular goiter that grows large can also cause symptoms, especially if it starts to grow into your chest. Symptoms of a large goiter include: difficulty breathing or swallowing, feeling like you have food stuck in your throat, having a full feeling in your neck. […] Very large multinodular goiters can also cause what are called compression symptoms, such as trouble breathing or swallowing. If your multinodular goiter is large enough to cause these symptoms, your doctor will most likely recommend surgery.

• #3 How To Check For Goiter At Home? – RFAMDFacebook iconYouTube iconLinkedIn icon

  https://www.rfamd.com/check-for-goiter-at-home/

  A goiter refers to an enlargement of the thyroid gland located at the base of the neck. […] While a goiter may not cause noticeable symptoms initially, detecting it early is important to manage any underlying thyroid conditions. […] The presence of a goiter can be associated with abnormal levels of thyroid hormone in the body. […] In some cases, a goiter may not produce any symptoms and might only be discovered during a routine physical exam. However, in other instances, it can cause significant symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, breathing, or speaking, making early detection and management crucial. […] Be alert for any of the following signs when doing a goiter self-check, and consult a doctor promptly if noticed: […] Contact your healthcare provider right away if self-examination reveals any indications of a potential goiter. Timely evaluation and diagnosis are key, as goiters left untreated can lead to problematic symptoms. […] You should also see a doctor if you experience: […] Doing periodic self-checks for goiter can help detect thyroid changes early. […] Though goiters often do not initially cause symptoms, catching them in time is key to managing resultant thyroid dysfunction.

• #4 Goiter: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12625-goiter

  Some people with goiter may also have hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). Symptoms of hypothyroidism include: Fatigue (feeling tired). Constipation. Dry skin. Unexplained weight gain. Abnormal menstruation (periods). […] Simple goiter has a good prognosis. If your thyroid continues to enlarge, it may compress the surrounding structures and may cause difficulty in breathing and swallowing and hoarseness. […] If the goiter is a sign of another thyroid disease, like Graves disease or Hashimotos disease, the prognosis depends on the underlying cause of your thyroid enlargement.

• #5 Goiter – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562161/

  Large goiters or rapidly enlarging goiters can cause obstructive or compressive symptoms. […] If the goiter continues to enlarge, surgical treatment should be considered. […] If the goiter is a sign of another thyroid disease like Graves disease or Hashimoto thyroiditis, the prognosis depends on the underlying cause of thyroid enlargement.

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