Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The CDC’s Recommendations to Help Prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0101/p6.html

  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) affect an estimated 2% to 5% of children in the United States. Persons with FASDs have lifelong behavioral, intellectual, and physical disabilities that are solely the result of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. […] the CDC targeted reproductive-aged women who were not using contraception. […] The goal was to prevent potential negative outcomes and minimize long-term disabilities, while also addressing potential stigma and parental guilt. […] Studies clearly demonstrate that heavy drinking and binge drinking (for women, four or more drinks within two to three hours) are harmful to the developing fetus, but currently no amount of alcohol use is considered safe during pregnancy. […] Behaviors among those who are not trying to become pregnant are a major factor in the prevention of FASD, which is the rationale for outreach to sexually active women regardless of immediate pregnancy plans.

• #2 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevention and clinical guidelines research-workshop report | BMC Proceedings | Full Text

  https://bmcproc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12919-023-00272-z

  It is estimated that up to 1 in 20 people in the United States are affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), an array of cognitive, emotional, physical and social disorders caused by exposure to alcohol during prenatal development. […] To shed light on these issues and provide an overview of the existing research, programs, and clinical practice guidelines surrounding FASD, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), in conjunction with FASD United, hosted the Workshop on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevention and Clinical Guidelines Research on 21 September 2022 in Washington, DC. […] The workshop closed with a discussion of federal agency perspectives highlighting initiatives aimed at advancing research and access to care for women and families at-risk and those currently affected by FASD.

• #3 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD): Prevention and Intervention | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

  https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd-prevention-and-intervention

  The purpose of this concept is to support research that advances interventions for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and prevention approaches to reduce prenatal alcohol exposure and the incidence of FASD. […] FASD are 100% preventable if a developing fetus is not exposed to alcohol. Given that approximately half of all pregnancies in the United States are not planned, the U.S. Surgeon General recommends that women who are pregnant, might be pregnant, or consider becoming pregnant should abstain from alcohol. […] Prevention research may seek to: Improve established methods that help women reduce or abstain from drinking during pregnancy. […] Design and evaluate novel prevention approaches to promote alcohol (and other substance) abstinence in women to prevent prenatal alcohol exposure.

• #4 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/sapb/Pages/FASDs.aspx

  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) is an umbrella term for a group of conditions that can occur in a person who was exposed to alcohol before birth when alcohol is passed to the fetus (developing baby) from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. Effects of FASDs range from mild to severe, including lifelong and permanent behavioral, intellectual, and physical challenges. Alcohol exposure during pregnancy is a leading preventable cause of birth defects and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the United States. […] […] Yes, FASDs are preventable if a baby is not exposed to alcohol before birth. Anyone is at risk of giving birth to a baby with an FASD if they consume alcohol during pregnancy. […] […] Because there is no safe amount, timeframe, or type of alcohol use during pregnancy, people who are pregnant, think they might be pregnant, or are trying to become pregnant should not drink alcohol. […]

• #5 Fetal alcohol syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fetal-alcohol-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20352901

  To prevent fetal alcohol syndrome, don’t drink alcohol during pregnancy. […] Don’t drink alcohol if you’re trying to get pregnant. If you haven’t already stopped drinking, stop as soon as you know you’re pregnant or if you even think you might be pregnant. It’s never too late to stop drinking during your pregnancy. The sooner you stop, the better it is for your baby. […] Don’t drink alcohol at any time during your pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome is completely preventable in children whose mothers don’t drink at all during pregnancy. […] Consider giving up alcohol during your childbearing years if you’re sexually active and you’re having unprotected sex. Many pregnancies are unplanned, and damage from alcohol can happen in the earliest weeks of pregnancy. […] If you have an alcohol problem, get help before you get pregnant. Talk to your healthcare professional or a mental health professional about your drinking. Review how much and how often you drink alcohol so that together you can create a treatment plan to help you quit.

• #6 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Prevention | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder-prevention

  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) refers to a range of preventable birth defects and disorders caused when a developing baby is exposed to alcohol before they are born. There is no known safe amount or time to drink alcohol during pregnancy. […] There is no safe time to drink alcohol in pregnancy. There is no safe amount to drink in pregnancy. […] Drinking alcohol when pregnant can change a baby’s physical appearance and damage the brain. There can also be brain damage without any obvious physical changes – this brain damage shows up as learning and behaviour problems that can cause lifelong difficulties. FASD is a lifelong disability. […] If you’re pregnant or planning to be pregnant and finding it difficult to stop drinking, talk to a health professional, lead maternity carer, or call the Alcohol Drug Helpline 0800 787 797. […] Seek the help of a health professional or lead maternity carer if you are pregnant or planning to be pregnant and need some support to stop drinking.

• #7 The CDC’s Recommendations to Help Prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0101/p6.html

  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) affect an estimated 2% to 5% of children in the United States. Persons with FASDs have lifelong behavioral, intellectual, and physical disabilities that are solely the result of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. […] the CDC targeted reproductive-aged women who were not using contraception. […] The goal was to prevent potential negative outcomes and minimize long-term disabilities, while also addressing potential stigma and parental guilt. […] Studies clearly demonstrate that heavy drinking and binge drinking (for women, four or more drinks within two to three hours) are harmful to the developing fetus, but currently no amount of alcohol use is considered safe during pregnancy. […] Behaviors among those who are not trying to become pregnant are a major factor in the prevention of FASD, which is the rationale for outreach to sexually active women regardless of immediate pregnancy plans.

• #8 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Prevention | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder-prevention

  Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) refers to a range of preventable birth defects and disorders caused when a developing baby is exposed to alcohol before they are born. There is no known safe amount or time to drink alcohol during pregnancy. […] There is no safe time to drink alcohol in pregnancy. There is no safe amount to drink in pregnancy. […] Drinking alcohol when pregnant can change a baby’s physical appearance and damage the brain. There can also be brain damage without any obvious physical changes – this brain damage shows up as learning and behaviour problems that can cause lifelong difficulties. FASD is a lifelong disability. […] If you’re pregnant or planning to be pregnant and finding it difficult to stop drinking, talk to a health professional, lead maternity carer, or call the Alcohol Drug Helpline 0800 787 797. […] Seek the help of a health professional or lead maternity carer if you are pregnant or planning to be pregnant and need some support to stop drinking.

• #9 The Power of Prevention > Overview of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)

  https://www.txhealthsteps.com/static/courses/fasd/sections/section-1-3.html

  FASDs are preventable when a pregnant woman abstains from alcohol. Alcohol consumed during pregnancy is the nation’s leading preventable cause of developmental disabilities and birth defects (National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, 2014). […] Do not drink alcohol if you are pregnant or intend to become pregnant. […] If you drink alcohol and are sexually active, use contraception. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) (2018) strongly encourages pediatricians and other medical home providers to guide adolescent girls and young women in preventing FASDs by using anticipatory guidance and by helping adolescents develop skills to make responsible decisions and healthy choices about alcohol and substance use abstinence (AAP, 2018). […] Texas Health Steps requires age-appropriate individualized anticipatory guidance at every preventive medical checkup. Such preconception counseling includes reproductive planning, contraception, and the risks of alcohol and other substance use during pregnancy. […] The CDC offers a five-step guide to help women avoid alcohol during pregnancy and a CHOICES program to prevent alcohol use during pregnancy or while contemplating pregnancy. CHOICES calls for two to four counseling sessions and one contraceptive counseling session.

• #10 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/974016-treatment

  The US Institute of Medicine has outlined a public health model of prevention for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). This model includes three levels: universal, selective, and indicated. […] Universal prevention attempts to promote the health and well-being of all individuals in a society or particular community by educating women about the risks of alcohol for the developing fetus and about the importance of avoiding alcohol consumption during pregnancy. This type of prevention can be accomplished with public education and primary care. […] Selective prevention and intervention is targeted to individuals in the population who are at increased risk (ie, women of reproductive age who drink alcohol and who have the potential to become pregnant). This step can be accomplished with effective screening for alcohol use and with brief interventions.

• #11 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Prevention | Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development

  https://www.child-encyclopedia.com/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd/according-experts/prevention-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders

  The 1996 IOM report proposed an IOM Model for FAS Prevention that recommended three levels of prevention to reduce Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Universal Prevention of Maternal Alcohol Abuse; Selective Prevention of Maternal Alcohol Abuse; and Indicated Prevention of FAS. […] Universal Prevention focuses on creating high levels of awareness of the consequences of alcohol use during pregnancy among the general population and women in particular. Examples include media campaigns, alcohol bottle labeling and national advisories. […] Selective Prevention strategies are directed toward sub-groups of the population known to be at increased risk for having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP). Examples include targeted screening and brief interventions tailored to the specific sub-group. […] Indicated Prevention includes multiple strategies of case identification of maternal alcohol abuse, brief intervention, formal treatment, long-term treatment and aftercare. Research has addressed many of the strategies used in the proposed three levels of prevention and found that alcohol screening and brief interventions (SBI) or extended brief interventions provide the most consistent evidence for success in bringing about alcohol use reductions.

• #12 7 Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/4991/chapter/9

  The hallmark of this framework is that one enters into the continuum of interventions in a manner proportional to the certainty and severity of the risk involved. […] The model includes a broad spectrum of prevention measures. […] Because significant people in the life of a woman can play a crucial role in encouraging a healthy pregnancy or, unfortunately, encouraging unhealthy practices, the committee took a family-oriented approach to prevention. […] After the birth of an FAS child, there are two targets for intervention—the mother and the child. […] Universal prevention interventions are directed to the general public or to an entire population group that has not been identified on the basis of increased risk. […] Universal prevention could include any activity that generally promotes responsible use of alcohol and discourages irresponsible use of alcohol, or it could be specific to fetal alcohol syndrome.

• #13 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Prevention | Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development

  https://www.child-encyclopedia.com/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd/according-experts/prevention-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders

  The 1996 IOM report proposed an IOM Model for FAS Prevention that recommended three levels of prevention to reduce Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Universal Prevention of Maternal Alcohol Abuse; Selective Prevention of Maternal Alcohol Abuse; and Indicated Prevention of FAS. […] Universal Prevention focuses on creating high levels of awareness of the consequences of alcohol use during pregnancy among the general population and women in particular. Examples include media campaigns, alcohol bottle labeling and national advisories. […] Selective Prevention strategies are directed toward sub-groups of the population known to be at increased risk for having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP). Examples include targeted screening and brief interventions tailored to the specific sub-group. […] Indicated Prevention includes multiple strategies of case identification of maternal alcohol abuse, brief intervention, formal treatment, long-term treatment and aftercare. Research has addressed many of the strategies used in the proposed three levels of prevention and found that alcohol screening and brief interventions (SBI) or extended brief interventions provide the most consistent evidence for success in bringing about alcohol use reductions.

• #14 Reducing the Incidence of FASD: What Have We Learned? – Prevention Technology Transfer Center (PTTC) Networkclosefacebookbarsx-twitterenvelopephone-handsetmap-markermagnifiercrossmenuchevron-down

  https://pttcnetwork.org/reducing-the-incidence-of-fasd-what-have-we-learned/

  Reducing the Incidence of FASD: What Have We Learned? […] However, despite the proliferation of research on child outcomes associated with maternal alcohol use during pregnancy, there are relatively few evidence-based strategies to prevent it. […] The primary FASD prevention foci are people who are sexually active, within the childbearing age range, pregnant or planning to become pregnant (i.e., not currently using contraceptives). […] Universal prevention strategies have consisted of educational strategies to increase awareness of the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy such as warning labels on alcoholic products, warning signs, posters, media campaigns, and community wide promotional campaigns. […] Evidence of the effectiveness of universal approaches has not been encouraging.

• #15 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Prevention | Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development

  https://www.child-encyclopedia.com/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd/according-experts/prevention-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders

  The 1996 IOM report proposed an IOM Model for FAS Prevention that recommended three levels of prevention to reduce Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Universal Prevention of Maternal Alcohol Abuse; Selective Prevention of Maternal Alcohol Abuse; and Indicated Prevention of FAS. […] Universal Prevention focuses on creating high levels of awareness of the consequences of alcohol use during pregnancy among the general population and women in particular. Examples include media campaigns, alcohol bottle labeling and national advisories. […] Selective Prevention strategies are directed toward sub-groups of the population known to be at increased risk for having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP). Examples include targeted screening and brief interventions tailored to the specific sub-group. […] Indicated Prevention includes multiple strategies of case identification of maternal alcohol abuse, brief intervention, formal treatment, long-term treatment and aftercare. Research has addressed many of the strategies used in the proposed three levels of prevention and found that alcohol screening and brief interventions (SBI) or extended brief interventions provide the most consistent evidence for success in bringing about alcohol use reductions.

• #16 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder

  Almost all experts recommend that the mother abstain from alcohol use during pregnancy to prevent FASDs. […] A pregnant woman may not become aware that she has conceived until several weeks into the pregnancy, so it is also recommended to abstain from alcohol while attempting to become pregnant. […] The recommendations of abstaining from alcohol during pregnancy and while attempting to become have been made by the Surgeon General of the United States, the Centers for Disease Control, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the World Health Organization, the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, and many others. […] In the United States, federal legislation has required that warning labels be placed on all alcoholic beverage containers since 1988 under the Alcoholic Beverage Labeling Act.

• #17 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Prevention: Canadian Perspectives – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/fasd-canadian-perspectives.html

  The first level of prevention is about raising public awareness through campaigns and other broad strategies. Closely linked to public awareness/social marketing, campaigns can be public policy and health promotion activities that are supportive of girls’ and women’s health. The engagement and involvement of a broad range of people at the community level is key to advancing social support and social change. […] The second level of prevention is about girls and women of childbearing years having the opportunity for safe discussion of pregnancy, alcohol use, and related issues, with their support networks and healthcare providers. […] The third level of prevention is even more specific. It is about the provision of recovery and support services that are specialized, culturally specific and accessible for women with alcohol problems and related mental health concerns. These services are needed not only for pregnant women, but also before pregnancy and throughout the childbearing years.

• #18 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Prevention: Canadian Perspectives – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/fasd-canadian-perspectives.html

  The first level of prevention is about raising public awareness through campaigns and other broad strategies. Closely linked to public awareness/social marketing, campaigns can be public policy and health promotion activities that are supportive of girls’ and women’s health. The engagement and involvement of a broad range of people at the community level is key to advancing social support and social change. […] The second level of prevention is about girls and women of childbearing years having the opportunity for safe discussion of pregnancy, alcohol use, and related issues, with their support networks and healthcare providers. […] The third level of prevention is even more specific. It is about the provision of recovery and support services that are specialized, culturally specific and accessible for women with alcohol problems and related mental health concerns. These services are needed not only for pregnant women, but also before pregnancy and throughout the childbearing years.

• #19 Reducing the Incidence of FASD: What Have We Learned? – Prevention Technology Transfer Center (PTTC) Networkclosefacebookbarsx-twitterenvelopephone-handsetmap-markermagnifiercrossmenuchevron-down

  https://pttcnetwork.org/reducing-the-incidence-of-fasd-what-have-we-learned/

  However, the more individualized and tailored the interventions were the more effective they were. […] Motivational interviewing techniques have also shown promise in changing behavior, particularly when integrated into primary care or prenatal clinic settings. […] Evidence-based prevention strategies that support and motivate behavior change are well worth the effort. […] FASD is preventable and costly over the lifespan of an FASD individual.

• #20 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/974016-treatment

  The US Institute of Medicine has outlined a public health model of prevention for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). This model includes three levels: universal, selective, and indicated. […] Universal prevention attempts to promote the health and well-being of all individuals in a society or particular community by educating women about the risks of alcohol for the developing fetus and about the importance of avoiding alcohol consumption during pregnancy. This type of prevention can be accomplished with public education and primary care. […] Selective prevention and intervention is targeted to individuals in the population who are at increased risk (ie, women of reproductive age who drink alcohol and who have the potential to become pregnant). This step can be accomplished with effective screening for alcohol use and with brief interventions.

• #21 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Prevention | Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development

  https://www.child-encyclopedia.com/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd/according-experts/prevention-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders

  The 1996 IOM report proposed an IOM Model for FAS Prevention that recommended three levels of prevention to reduce Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Universal Prevention of Maternal Alcohol Abuse; Selective Prevention of Maternal Alcohol Abuse; and Indicated Prevention of FAS. […] Universal Prevention focuses on creating high levels of awareness of the consequences of alcohol use during pregnancy among the general population and women in particular. Examples include media campaigns, alcohol bottle labeling and national advisories. […] Selective Prevention strategies are directed toward sub-groups of the population known to be at increased risk for having an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP). Examples include targeted screening and brief interventions tailored to the specific sub-group. […] Indicated Prevention includes multiple strategies of case identification of maternal alcohol abuse, brief intervention, formal treatment, long-term treatment and aftercare. Research has addressed many of the strategies used in the proposed three levels of prevention and found that alcohol screening and brief interventions (SBI) or extended brief interventions provide the most consistent evidence for success in bringing about alcohol use reductions.

• #22 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Prevention: Canadian Perspectives – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/fasd-canadian-perspectives.html

  The first level of prevention is about raising public awareness through campaigns and other broad strategies. Closely linked to public awareness/social marketing, campaigns can be public policy and health promotion activities that are supportive of girls’ and women’s health. The engagement and involvement of a broad range of people at the community level is key to advancing social support and social change. […] The second level of prevention is about girls and women of childbearing years having the opportunity for safe discussion of pregnancy, alcohol use, and related issues, with their support networks and healthcare providers. […] The third level of prevention is even more specific. It is about the provision of recovery and support services that are specialized, culturally specific and accessible for women with alcohol problems and related mental health concerns. These services are needed not only for pregnant women, but also before pregnancy and throughout the childbearing years.

• #23 Prevention and Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0515/p1837.html

  The authors recommend discussion of pregnancy postponement and contraception as well as alcohol reduction in women who are not pregnant to minimize the risk of alcohol exposure in an unplanned pregnancy. […] Regular follow-up to document changes in alcohol use and to reinforce the use of services to lower alcohol intake is strongly recommended in women at high risk. […] Brief interventions in women who are pregnant have been associated with significant reductions in alcohol intake and improved infant outcomes.

• #24 Reducing the Incidence of FASD: What Have We Learned? – Prevention Technology Transfer Center (PTTC) Networkclosefacebookbarsx-twitterenvelopephone-handsetmap-markermagnifiercrossmenuchevron-down

  https://pttcnetwork.org/reducing-the-incidence-of-fasd-what-have-we-learned/

  However, the more individualized and tailored the interventions were the more effective they were. […] Motivational interviewing techniques have also shown promise in changing behavior, particularly when integrated into primary care or prenatal clinic settings. […] Evidence-based prevention strategies that support and motivate behavior change are well worth the effort. […] FASD is preventable and costly over the lifespan of an FASD individual.

• #25 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/974016-treatment

  Indicated prevention and intervention is intended for the highest-risk women who are drinking risky amounts of alcohol and who are likely to become pregnant (eg, women who have previously delivered an affected child and who continue to drink). This level of prevention and intervention might be accomplished with treating such women for alcohol dependence and with case management.

• #26 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/974016-treatment

  Indicated prevention and intervention is intended for the highest-risk women who are drinking risky amounts of alcohol and who are likely to become pregnant (eg, women who have previously delivered an affected child and who continue to drink). This level of prevention and intervention might be accomplished with treating such women for alcohol dependence and with case management.

• #27 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/974016-treatment

  Indicated prevention and intervention is intended for the highest-risk women who are drinking risky amounts of alcohol and who are likely to become pregnant (eg, women who have previously delivered an affected child and who continue to drink). This level of prevention and intervention might be accomplished with treating such women for alcohol dependence and with case management.

• #28 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Prevention: Canadian Perspectives – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/fasd-canadian-perspectives.html

  The first level of prevention is about raising public awareness through campaigns and other broad strategies. Closely linked to public awareness/social marketing, campaigns can be public policy and health promotion activities that are supportive of girls’ and women’s health. The engagement and involvement of a broad range of people at the community level is key to advancing social support and social change. […] The second level of prevention is about girls and women of childbearing years having the opportunity for safe discussion of pregnancy, alcohol use, and related issues, with their support networks and healthcare providers. […] The third level of prevention is even more specific. It is about the provision of recovery and support services that are specialized, culturally specific and accessible for women with alcohol problems and related mental health concerns. These services are needed not only for pregnant women, but also before pregnancy and throughout the childbearing years.

• #29 PREVENTION OF FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2582740/

  A prudent choice for women who are pregnant or who are considering pregnancy is to abstain from alcohol […] Intensive case management of women who have borne one or more FAS children has been shown to help protect against future FAS children, allow for the care of the specific social and medical needs of the woman and her family, and improve the future health of the mother.

• #30 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Prevention: Canadian Perspectives – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/fasd-canadian-perspectives.html

  Finally, the fourth level of FASD prevention is about supporting new mothers to maintain healthy changes they have been able to make during pregnancy. Postpartum support for mothers who were not able to make significant changes in their substance use during pregnancy is also vital. This will assist them to continue to improve their health and social support, as well as the health of their children. Early interventions for children who potentially have FASD are also important at this stage. […] This first level of prevention is directed broadly to all sectors of society, including girls and women of childbearing years. It is designed to: […] raise awareness of the risks of drinking in pregnancy, and alternatives to alcohol use during pregnancy […] signal where help for those who need support for managing drinking is available, and […] promote involvement by community members in bringing awareness to action on FASD prevention.

• #31 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Prevention: Canadian Perspectives – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/fasd-canadian-perspectives.html

  Finally, the fourth level of FASD prevention is about supporting new mothers to maintain healthy changes they have been able to make during pregnancy. Postpartum support for mothers who were not able to make significant changes in their substance use during pregnancy is also vital. This will assist them to continue to improve their health and social support, as well as the health of their children. Early interventions for children who potentially have FASD are also important at this stage. […] This first level of prevention is directed broadly to all sectors of society, including girls and women of childbearing years. It is designed to: […] raise awareness of the risks of drinking in pregnancy, and alternatives to alcohol use during pregnancy […] signal where help for those who need support for managing drinking is available, and […] promote involvement by community members in bringing awareness to action on FASD prevention.

• #32 The Distribution of Available Prevention and Management Interventions for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (2007 to 2017): Implications for Collaborative Actions

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/12/2244

  The global prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) remains high despite the various preventive and management interventions that have been designed and implemented to tackle the issue in various settings. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes FASD as a public health issue and has developed a guideline for the identification and management of substance use and substance use disorders in pregnancy. The guideline recommends that health professionals should ask all pregnant women about their use of alcohol and brief intervention should be given to all pregnant women using alcohol. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has also identified and supported the implementation of two interventions in preventing and reducing the prevalence of FASD. One of the interventions is alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI)—an intervention that identifies and helps individuals who are drinking excessively. The second intervention is the CHOICES program—an evidence-based intervention that increases motivation and commitment to reduce or stop drinking and/or use contraception effectively.

• #33

  https://www.naswfoundation.org/Foundation-News/ID/2926/Five-Facts-Social-Workers-Need-to-Know-About-Preventing-Fetal-Alcohol-Spectrum-Disorders-FASDs

  As social workers know well, these risks can impact individuals and families at every age and stage of life, making prevention, early identification, and intervention crucial. […] As one of the nations key providers of mental and behavioral health services, social workers play a key role in preventing FASDs through universal alcohol screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT). […] In recognition of social works essential role in addressing prenatal alcohol use, NASW Foundation, together with the Health Behavior Research and Training Institute at The University of Texas at Austin Steve Hicks School of Social Work, are collaborating on the FASD National Partners Network. […] Based on more than 30 years of research, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has recommended alcohol SBI for all adults, including pregnant people, in primary healthcare settings. […] These findings highlight the significant opportunity for social workers to integrate alcohol SBIRT into routine practice to help prevent and reduce alcohol use during pregnancy.

• #34 Prevention and Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0515/p1837.html

  Maternal use of alcohol is considered to be a leading cause of birth defects and developmental delays in the United States. […] A review by Floyd and colleagues discusses the implications of the new definitions for practice, stressing the need for the prevention and early detection of FAS. […] The review by Floyd and colleagues stresses the need to detect and intervene in heavy alcohol use in women of childbearing age, especially because one half of pregnancies are unplanned. […] For women who are pregnant, abstinence from alcohol use is recommended. […] Brief physician intervention that is focused on discussing the risks, assessing the patient’s readiness to change, and offering support has been associated with a 20 to 25 percent reduction in alcohol intake and episodes of binge drinking in women.

• #35 Prevention and Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2006/0515/p1837.html

  The authors recommend discussion of pregnancy postponement and contraception as well as alcohol reduction in women who are not pregnant to minimize the risk of alcohol exposure in an unplanned pregnancy. […] Regular follow-up to document changes in alcohol use and to reinforce the use of services to lower alcohol intake is strongly recommended in women at high risk. […] Brief interventions in women who are pregnant have been associated with significant reductions in alcohol intake and improved infant outcomes.

• #36 The Distribution of Available Prevention and Management Interventions for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (2007 to 2017): Implications for Collaborative Actions

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/12/2244

  The global prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) remains high despite the various preventive and management interventions that have been designed and implemented to tackle the issue in various settings. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes FASD as a public health issue and has developed a guideline for the identification and management of substance use and substance use disorders in pregnancy. The guideline recommends that health professionals should ask all pregnant women about their use of alcohol and brief intervention should be given to all pregnant women using alcohol. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has also identified and supported the implementation of two interventions in preventing and reducing the prevalence of FASD. One of the interventions is alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI)—an intervention that identifies and helps individuals who are drinking excessively. The second intervention is the CHOICES program—an evidence-based intervention that increases motivation and commitment to reduce or stop drinking and/or use contraception effectively.

• #37 ERIC – ED573637 – Preventing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Evidence-Based Prevention Program for Adolescent and Adult Hispanic Females in the South Texas Border Region, Online Submission, 2017-Mar-5

  https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED573637

  Preventing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Evidence-Based Prevention Program for Adolescent and Adult Hispanic Females in the South Texas Border Region […] Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) present serious problems for the twenty-first century. […] FASD is completely preventable if women refrain from consuming alcohol while pregnant. […] The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an evidence-based and culturally relevant FASD prevention program among adolescent and adult Hispanic females residing along the South Texas border with Mexico. […] The participants received the „Project CHOICES” intervention, which helps prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies by focusing on reducing drinking and using contraception. […] The findings of this investigation indicated that women who successfully completed the FASD Prevention Program demonstrated increased effectiveness of birth control use and decreased use and abuse of alcohol.

• #38 ERIC – ED573637 – Preventing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Evidence-Based Prevention Program for Adolescent and Adult Hispanic Females in the South Texas Border Region, Online Submission, 2017-Mar-5

  https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED573637

  Preventing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Evidence-Based Prevention Program for Adolescent and Adult Hispanic Females in the South Texas Border Region […] Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) present serious problems for the twenty-first century. […] FASD is completely preventable if women refrain from consuming alcohol while pregnant. […] The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an evidence-based and culturally relevant FASD prevention program among adolescent and adult Hispanic females residing along the South Texas border with Mexico. […] The participants received the „Project CHOICES” intervention, which helps prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies by focusing on reducing drinking and using contraception. […] The findings of this investigation indicated that women who successfully completed the FASD Prevention Program demonstrated increased effectiveness of birth control use and decreased use and abuse of alcohol.

• #39 The Distribution of Available Prevention and Management Interventions for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (2007 to 2017): Implications for Collaborative Actions

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/12/2244

  The second program (the Project Healthy CHOICES) is a self-administered, mail-based prevention intervention and it was found effective in minimizing the risk of AEP. […] The third Project CHOICES intervention for youth and adult demonstrated increased effectiveness of birth control use and decreased use and abuse of alcohol. […] The last study reported brief motivational intervention to be effective in minimizing the risk of AEP in women.

• #40 What can be done to prevent FASD? – Alcohol and Drug Foundation

  https://adf.org.au/reducing-risk/alcohol/fasd/fasd-what-can-be-done/

  Community-led prevention is where community members identify a health problem and work towards reducing the impact of that problem through prevention work. […] The Marulu Strategy focused on prevention by building knowledge and awareness of FASD. […] Pregnant Pause is the primary FASD prevention program in Australia. […] This program focuses on encouraging pregnant women and their families, friends and partners to stop drinking during the woman’s pregnancy. […] Partners, families and friends of pregnant women can take a pledge to stop drinking while their partner is pregnant.

• #41 What can be done to prevent FASD? – Alcohol and Drug Foundation

  https://adf.org.au/reducing-risk/alcohol/fasd/fasd-what-can-be-done/

  Community-led prevention is where community members identify a health problem and work towards reducing the impact of that problem through prevention work. […] The Marulu Strategy focused on prevention by building knowledge and awareness of FASD. […] Pregnant Pause is the primary FASD prevention program in Australia. […] This program focuses on encouraging pregnant women and their families, friends and partners to stop drinking during the woman’s pregnancy. […] Partners, families and friends of pregnant women can take a pledge to stop drinking while their partner is pregnant.

• #42 What can be done to prevent FASD? – Alcohol and Drug Foundation

  https://adf.org.au/reducing-risk/alcohol/fasd/fasd-what-can-be-done/

  Community-led prevention is where community members identify a health problem and work towards reducing the impact of that problem through prevention work. […] The Marulu Strategy focused on prevention by building knowledge and awareness of FASD. […] Pregnant Pause is the primary FASD prevention program in Australia. […] This program focuses on encouraging pregnant women and their families, friends and partners to stop drinking during the woman’s pregnancy. […] Partners, families and friends of pregnant women can take a pledge to stop drinking while their partner is pregnant.

• #43 What can be done to prevent FASD? – Alcohol and Drug Foundation

  https://adf.org.au/reducing-risk/alcohol/fasd/fasd-what-can-be-done/

  Community-led prevention is where community members identify a health problem and work towards reducing the impact of that problem through prevention work. […] The Marulu Strategy focused on prevention by building knowledge and awareness of FASD. […] Pregnant Pause is the primary FASD prevention program in Australia. […] This program focuses on encouraging pregnant women and their families, friends and partners to stop drinking during the woman’s pregnancy. […] Partners, families and friends of pregnant women can take a pledge to stop drinking while their partner is pregnant.

• #44 What can be done to prevent FASD? – Alcohol and Drug Foundation

  https://adf.org.au/reducing-risk/alcohol/fasd/fasd-what-can-be-done/

  Prevention of FASD is a national priority area in the Australian Governments National Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Strategic Action Plan 2018-2028. […] The Plan includes two Prevention Objectives: reduce access to and consumption of alcohol in the Australian community […] increase community knowledge and awareness about the harms and consequences of drinking during pregnancy or when planning a pregnancy. […] Healthcare providers play a critical role in having conversations with women during pregnancy about alcohol use. […] All women of childbearing age could benefit from being informed about the impact of alcohol in pregnancy. […] To reduce the risk of harm to their unborn child, women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy should not drink alcohol. […] Universal screening offers a way for healthcare providers to have conversations with women who are planning to have a baby, are pregnant or breastfeeding.

• #45 The CDC’s Recommendations to Help Prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0101/p6.html

  By providing patients with information about the potential harms of alcohol at any point in pregnancy and ensuring that contraception is accessible to those who do not want to become pregnant, physicians can reduce unintended fetal alcohol exposures. […] Family physicians can counsel patients to develop a reproductive life plan and can help those who do not wish to become pregnant stay up to date on contraceptive options. […] Physicians can also remind women who intend to become pregnant to stop drinking alcohol when they discontinue contraception. […] Alcohol screening and brief intervention, coupled with regular discussion of the patient’s reproductive life plan and ready access to effective contraception, can help ensure a healthier next generation while respecting women’s autonomy.

• #46 PREVENTION OF FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2582740/

  This guideline is intended for use by physicians, midwives and other health care professionals to reduce the incidence and disability from FAS by increasing: […] A consistent message must be given to all women of childbearing years and their partners that: […] a prudent choice for women who are pregnant or who are considering pregnancy is to abstain from alcohol; […] reducing or stopping alcohol use at any time during pregnancy will reduce the harmful effects of alcohol. […] Engage in education regarding FAS and the adverse effects of alcohol on the fetus with all women and their partners […] Counsel pregnant women regarding the benefits of stopping or reducing the use of alcohol at any time during pregnancy […] Counsel women about the benefits of stopping or reducing alcohol consumption at any time during pregnancy

• #47 PREVENTION OF FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2582740/

  This guideline is intended for use by physicians, midwives and other health care professionals to reduce the incidence and disability from FAS by increasing: […] A consistent message must be given to all women of childbearing years and their partners that: […] a prudent choice for women who are pregnant or who are considering pregnancy is to abstain from alcohol; […] reducing or stopping alcohol use at any time during pregnancy will reduce the harmful effects of alcohol. […] Engage in education regarding FAS and the adverse effects of alcohol on the fetus with all women and their partners […] Counsel pregnant women regarding the benefits of stopping or reducing the use of alcohol at any time during pregnancy […] Counsel women about the benefits of stopping or reducing alcohol consumption at any time during pregnancy

• #48 PREVENTION OF FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2582740/

  This guideline is intended for use by physicians, midwives and other health care professionals to reduce the incidence and disability from FAS by increasing: […] A consistent message must be given to all women of childbearing years and their partners that: […] a prudent choice for women who are pregnant or who are considering pregnancy is to abstain from alcohol; […] reducing or stopping alcohol use at any time during pregnancy will reduce the harmful effects of alcohol. […] Engage in education regarding FAS and the adverse effects of alcohol on the fetus with all women and their partners […] Counsel pregnant women regarding the benefits of stopping or reducing the use of alcohol at any time during pregnancy […] Counsel women about the benefits of stopping or reducing alcohol consumption at any time during pregnancy

• #49 The CDC’s Recommendations to Help Prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0101/p6.html

  By providing patients with information about the potential harms of alcohol at any point in pregnancy and ensuring that contraception is accessible to those who do not want to become pregnant, physicians can reduce unintended fetal alcohol exposures. […] Family physicians can counsel patients to develop a reproductive life plan and can help those who do not wish to become pregnant stay up to date on contraceptive options. […] Physicians can also remind women who intend to become pregnant to stop drinking alcohol when they discontinue contraception. […] Alcohol screening and brief intervention, coupled with regular discussion of the patient’s reproductive life plan and ready access to effective contraception, can help ensure a healthier next generation while respecting women’s autonomy.

• #50 The CDC’s Recommendations to Help Prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0101/p6.html

  By providing patients with information about the potential harms of alcohol at any point in pregnancy and ensuring that contraception is accessible to those who do not want to become pregnant, physicians can reduce unintended fetal alcohol exposures. […] Family physicians can counsel patients to develop a reproductive life plan and can help those who do not wish to become pregnant stay up to date on contraceptive options. […] Physicians can also remind women who intend to become pregnant to stop drinking alcohol when they discontinue contraception. […] Alcohol screening and brief intervention, coupled with regular discussion of the patient’s reproductive life plan and ready access to effective contraception, can help ensure a healthier next generation while respecting women’s autonomy.

• #51 The CDC’s Recommendations to Help Prevent Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0101/p6.html

  By providing patients with information about the potential harms of alcohol at any point in pregnancy and ensuring that contraception is accessible to those who do not want to become pregnant, physicians can reduce unintended fetal alcohol exposures. […] Family physicians can counsel patients to develop a reproductive life plan and can help those who do not wish to become pregnant stay up to date on contraceptive options. […] Physicians can also remind women who intend to become pregnant to stop drinking alcohol when they discontinue contraception. […] Alcohol screening and brief intervention, coupled with regular discussion of the patient’s reproductive life plan and ready access to effective contraception, can help ensure a healthier next generation while respecting women’s autonomy.

• #52 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevention and clinical guidelines research-workshop report | BMC Proceedings | Full Text

  https://bmcproc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12919-023-00272-z

  Early diagnosis is crucial to deriving the greatest benefit from FASD interventions and improving outcomes. Early diagnosis also raises awareness of FASD, which can prevent alcohol use during subsequent pregnancies, especially in families who are at higher-risk. […] The stigma around alcohol use disorder and FASD leaves many women embarrassed to admit they drink, ashamed to ask for help, and worried that they will lose custody of their children. […] To address this barrier, healthcare providers must push past any awkwardness they feel asking patients about drinking behavior, educate themselves about available resources, and believe that mothers with addictions can and want to be helped. […] The broad range of criteria can make FASD difficult to diagnose, understand, and treat. Yet diagnoses are essential to determining a symptoms cause, understanding its nature and specificity, guiding treatment, and improving peoples lives.

• #53 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevention and clinical guidelines research-workshop report | BMC Proceedings | Full Text

  https://bmcproc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12919-023-00272-z

  Early diagnosis is crucial to deriving the greatest benefit from FASD interventions and improving outcomes. Early diagnosis also raises awareness of FASD, which can prevent alcohol use during subsequent pregnancies, especially in families who are at higher-risk. […] The stigma around alcohol use disorder and FASD leaves many women embarrassed to admit they drink, ashamed to ask for help, and worried that they will lose custody of their children. […] To address this barrier, healthcare providers must push past any awkwardness they feel asking patients about drinking behavior, educate themselves about available resources, and believe that mothers with addictions can and want to be helped. […] The broad range of criteria can make FASD difficult to diagnose, understand, and treat. Yet diagnoses are essential to determining a symptoms cause, understanding its nature and specificity, guiding treatment, and improving peoples lives.

• #54 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevention and clinical guidelines research-workshop report | BMC Proceedings | Full Text

  https://bmcproc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12919-023-00272-z

  Therefore, the criteria must be broad enough to both reflect the heterogeneity of FASD and accurately identify it so that those affected can receive appropriately-tailored interventions and support. […] Research shows that people with FASD and their families do benefit from traditional deficit-focused interventions. However, going beyond this to embrace person-centered, strengths-based interventions can help people not just survive but thrive, by helping them to feel valued, supported, and included. […] New strategies at the individual, policy, and systems level could improve the accessibility of such interventions for families and providers; broaden the age ranges served to include early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood; address mental health needs; and expand outcomes to focus on success, not merely deficit reduction.

• #55 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html

  Alcohol can harm your baby at any stage during a pregnancy. […] There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. To prevent FASDs, you should not drink alcohol while you are pregnant, or when you might get pregnant. […] Certain „protective factors” can help reduce the effects of FASDs and help people who have them reach their full potential. They include: Diagnosis before 6 years of age, Loving, nurturing, and stable home environment during the school years, Absence of violence around them, Involvement in special education and social services.

• #56 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html

  Alcohol can harm your baby at any stage during a pregnancy. […] There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. To prevent FASDs, you should not drink alcohol while you are pregnant, or when you might get pregnant. […] Certain „protective factors” can help reduce the effects of FASDs and help people who have them reach their full potential. They include: Diagnosis before 6 years of age, Loving, nurturing, and stable home environment during the school years, Absence of violence around them, Involvement in special education and social services.

• #57 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html

  Alcohol can harm your baby at any stage during a pregnancy. […] There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. To prevent FASDs, you should not drink alcohol while you are pregnant, or when you might get pregnant. […] Certain „protective factors” can help reduce the effects of FASDs and help people who have them reach their full potential. They include: Diagnosis before 6 years of age, Loving, nurturing, and stable home environment during the school years, Absence of violence around them, Involvement in special education and social services.

• #58 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html

  Alcohol can harm your baby at any stage during a pregnancy. […] There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. To prevent FASDs, you should not drink alcohol while you are pregnant, or when you might get pregnant. […] Certain „protective factors” can help reduce the effects of FASDs and help people who have them reach their full potential. They include: Diagnosis before 6 years of age, Loving, nurturing, and stable home environment during the school years, Absence of violence around them, Involvement in special education and social services.

• #59 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/fetalalcoholspectrumdisorders.html

  Alcohol can harm your baby at any stage during a pregnancy. […] There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. To prevent FASDs, you should not drink alcohol while you are pregnant, or when you might get pregnant. […] Certain „protective factors” can help reduce the effects of FASDs and help people who have them reach their full potential. They include: Diagnosis before 6 years of age, Loving, nurturing, and stable home environment during the school years, Absence of violence around them, Involvement in special education and social services.

• #60 Treatment of FASDs | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/treatment/index.html

  Treatment and early intervention services are available for people with FASDs. […] Protective factors such as early diagnosis and special education support can help reduce the effects of FASDs and help people with FASDs reach their full potential. […] There is no cure for FASDs, but research shows that early intervention treatment services can improve a child’s development. […] Early diagnosis can also help the child and family get needed social services. […] Children who receive special education geared towards their specific needs and learning style are more likely to reach their full potential. […] Having a loving, stable home life is very important for a child with an FASD. […] People with FASDs who live in stable, non-abusive households or who do not become involved in youth violence are much less likely to develop secondary conditions than children who have been exposed to violence in their lives.

• #61 Treatment of FASDs | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/treatment/index.html

  Treatment and early intervention services are available for people with FASDs. […] Protective factors such as early diagnosis and special education support can help reduce the effects of FASDs and help people with FASDs reach their full potential. […] There is no cure for FASDs, but research shows that early intervention treatment services can improve a child’s development. […] Early diagnosis can also help the child and family get needed social services. […] Children who receive special education geared towards their specific needs and learning style are more likely to reach their full potential. […] Having a loving, stable home life is very important for a child with an FASD. […] People with FASDs who live in stable, non-abusive households or who do not become involved in youth violence are much less likely to develop secondary conditions than children who have been exposed to violence in their lives.

• #62 Treatment of FASDs | Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/treatment/index.html

  Treatment and early intervention services are available for people with FASDs. […] Protective factors such as early diagnosis and special education support can help reduce the effects of FASDs and help people with FASDs reach their full potential. […] There is no cure for FASDs, but research shows that early intervention treatment services can improve a child’s development. […] Early diagnosis can also help the child and family get needed social services. […] Children who receive special education geared towards their specific needs and learning style are more likely to reach their full potential. […] Having a loving, stable home life is very important for a child with an FASD. […] People with FASDs who live in stable, non-abusive households or who do not become involved in youth violence are much less likely to develop secondary conditions than children who have been exposed to violence in their lives.

• #63 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Prevention – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder/prevention.html

  Almost 50% of pregnancies in Canada are unplanned. Sometimes parents consume alcohol before they know about the pregnancy. […] If you’re planning a pregnancy, the best thing to do is stop drinking alcohol in advance. Properly use condoms, contraceptive pills or other contraception if you aren’t planning a pregnancy, but are: drinking alcohol, having sex that could result in pregnancy. This will reduce your chance of pregnancy and will help prevent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. […] Once you’ve confirmed you’re pregnant, it’s safest to stop drinking alcohol immediately. Every day without alcohol makes a difference. Ask your health care provider for advice about the risks of alcohol and the health of a fetus. […] A partner’s drinking will not cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. However, it can influence the birthing parent’s consumption and the healthy development of the baby. […] You can support a pregnant person by: not drinking, being supportive and present, encouraging them not to drink alcohol while pregnant.

• #64 Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Guide for Expecting Parents, Caregivers, and Families | SAMHSALock

  https://www.samhsa.gov/blog/understanding-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-guide-expecting-parents-caregivers-families

  September is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) Awareness Month, a meaningful time to raise awareness of FASD prevention and celebrate the strengths, skills, and successes of those living with FASDs. […] The primary cause of FASDs is the consumption of alcohol by a pregnant person. There is no known safe amount of alcohol use during pregnancy, and even small amounts can pose risks. […] The safest approach to ensure a healthy pregnancy is to stop using alcohol before getting pregnant. […] Given that approximately half of all pregnancies in the United States are not planned, the U.S. Surgeon General recommends that people who are pregnant, might be pregnant, or are planning a pregnancy not drink alcohol at all. […] The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) program provides ways to ask pregnant people about alcohol use in a manner that encourages honesty, reduces stigma, and helps them get the support they need.

• #65 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: Prevention – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder/prevention.html

  Almost 50% of pregnancies in Canada are unplanned. Sometimes parents consume alcohol before they know about the pregnancy. […] If you’re planning a pregnancy, the best thing to do is stop drinking alcohol in advance. Properly use condoms, contraceptive pills or other contraception if you aren’t planning a pregnancy, but are: drinking alcohol, having sex that could result in pregnancy. This will reduce your chance of pregnancy and will help prevent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. […] Once you’ve confirmed you’re pregnant, it’s safest to stop drinking alcohol immediately. Every day without alcohol makes a difference. Ask your health care provider for advice about the risks of alcohol and the health of a fetus. […] A partner’s drinking will not cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. However, it can influence the birthing parent’s consumption and the healthy development of the baby. […] You can support a pregnant person by: not drinking, being supportive and present, encouraging them not to drink alcohol while pregnant.

• #66 Alcohol: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/alcohol/fasd.htm

  Alcohol and pregnancy dont mix. If youre pregnant, drinking alcohol can put a baby at risk. They may develop a physical, behavioral, or mental disability. A disability caused by alcohol during pregnancy is called a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). […] No amount of alcohol is known to be safe to drink during pregnancy. A fetus gets exposed to the same amount of alcohol as the pregnant person. This can affect how it grows and develops. […] When it comes to alcohol, its best to avoid it if you are pregnant or could become pregnant. In the U.S., almost half of all pregnancies are unplanned. Since a person often doesnt know theyre pregnant for up to four to six weeks, they may drink alcohol while pregnant. If you become pregnant, stop drinking alcohol right away. This includes alcohol from any drink, including beer and wine. Every day counts. The sooner you stop drinking, the safer it will be for you and your growing baby. […] If youre having trouble not drinking alcohol during pregnancy, help is available. Health care providers know the risks of alcohol use and can help pregnant people make the best choices for their health. […] In Wisconsin, pregnant people get priority for substance use treatment.

• #67 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevention and clinical guidelines research-workshop report | BMC Proceedings | Full Text

  https://bmcproc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12919-023-00272-z

  Early diagnosis is crucial to deriving the greatest benefit from FASD interventions and improving outcomes. Early diagnosis also raises awareness of FASD, which can prevent alcohol use during subsequent pregnancies, especially in families who are at higher-risk. […] The stigma around alcohol use disorder and FASD leaves many women embarrassed to admit they drink, ashamed to ask for help, and worried that they will lose custody of their children. […] To address this barrier, healthcare providers must push past any awkwardness they feel asking patients about drinking behavior, educate themselves about available resources, and believe that mothers with addictions can and want to be helped. […] The broad range of criteria can make FASD difficult to diagnose, understand, and treat. Yet diagnoses are essential to determining a symptoms cause, understanding its nature and specificity, guiding treatment, and improving peoples lives.

• #68 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prevention and clinical guidelines research-workshop report | BMC Proceedings | Full Text

  https://bmcproc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12919-023-00272-z

  Early diagnosis is crucial to deriving the greatest benefit from FASD interventions and improving outcomes. Early diagnosis also raises awareness of FASD, which can prevent alcohol use during subsequent pregnancies, especially in families who are at higher-risk. […] The stigma around alcohol use disorder and FASD leaves many women embarrassed to admit they drink, ashamed to ask for help, and worried that they will lose custody of their children. […] To address this barrier, healthcare providers must push past any awkwardness they feel asking patients about drinking behavior, educate themselves about available resources, and believe that mothers with addictions can and want to be helped. […] The broad range of criteria can make FASD difficult to diagnose, understand, and treat. Yet diagnoses are essential to determining a symptoms cause, understanding its nature and specificity, guiding treatment, and improving peoples lives.

• #69 Reducing the Incidence of FASD: What Have We Learned? – Prevention Technology Transfer Center (PTTC) Networkclosefacebookbarsx-twitterenvelopephone-handsetmap-markermagnifiercrossmenuchevron-down

  https://pttcnetwork.org/reducing-the-incidence-of-fasd-what-have-we-learned/

  Reducing the Incidence of FASD: What Have We Learned? […] However, despite the proliferation of research on child outcomes associated with maternal alcohol use during pregnancy, there are relatively few evidence-based strategies to prevent it. […] The primary FASD prevention foci are people who are sexually active, within the childbearing age range, pregnant or planning to become pregnant (i.e., not currently using contraceptives). […] Universal prevention strategies have consisted of educational strategies to increase awareness of the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy such as warning labels on alcoholic products, warning signs, posters, media campaigns, and community wide promotional campaigns. […] Evidence of the effectiveness of universal approaches has not been encouraging.

• #70

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10935-021-00658-9

  The aim of this systematic review is to compile studies on primary and universal FASD prevention strategies and assess their effectiveness in preventing FASD. […] Universal approaches like alcohol warning signs and labels on alcoholic products seemed to be effective in decreasing prenatal alcohol consumption odds, although they had only a limited impact on FASD incidence rates. […] This systematic review showed that there is a lack of research concerning universal and primary intervention or prevention strategies targeting FASD. […] We conclude that future studies on FASD prevention should have greater sample sizes, include long-term follow-ups to assess the actual efficacy of the interventions, conduct large-scale cohort studies and also consider including men as participants. […] The studies reviewed emphasized the effectiveness of educational and awareness programs in raising FASD knowledge.

• #71 Prevention – CanFASD

  https://canfasd.ca/topics/prevention/

  Supportive alcohol policy is at the centre of the four mutually reinforcing levels of prevention. Evidence-based alcohol policies, when widely implemented, have considerable potential to reduce the health and social harms from alcohol, including influencing rates of FASD through each level. […] It is also important that maternal/child health and substance use policy is in alignment with supportive child welfare policy to ensure that care is wrapped around the mother child unit, and women are not afraid to access prenatal care out of fear of losing custody. […] Preventing FASD is about more than telling women not to drink alcohol during pregnancy; in fact, this approach can often lead to more harm than good. […] This issue paper explores the effectiveness of alcohol warning labels as an FASD prevention strategy and offers ideas to increase the potential use and impact of warning labels.

• #72 7 Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment | The National Academies Press

  https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/4991/chapter/9

  The approach to prevention of FAS, ARBD, and ARND contained in this chapter is conceptually broad and includes treatment and maintenance for those few women who drink heavily during pregnancy. […] A comprehensive FAS prevention program should provide multiple and overlapping levels of reinforcement, incentives, and controls. […] Most prevention efforts should be aimed at the mother, and to some degree at the father, of the child. Preventing the birth of a child with FAS may involve different actions affecting maternal behavior: broad-based prevention; targeted prevention efforts with the woman, her spouse or other significant partner(s), and additional significant family members; alcohol abuse treatments; contraceptive services; and aftercare. […] The committee found it helpful to think about and analyze the prevention of FAS and related problems within a conceptual framework.

• #73 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Prevention: Canadian Perspectives – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/fasd-canadian-perspectives.html

  Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Prevention: Canadian Perspectives […] No known safe amount or safe time to drink alcohol during pregnancy […] FASD prevention work is complex; it involves much more than providing information about the risks of alcohol use in pregnancy. Preventing risky alcohol use by pregnant women (and mothers before and after pregnancy) does not take place at only one point in time, nor does it occur through a single interaction with one care provider. […] Over the past decade in Canada, health promotion and prevention specialists have been learning about how to prevent FASD using multi-sectoral, holistic approaches. Beyond advice to not drink while pregnant, these newer, holistic approaches have demonstrated that helping women plan their pregnancies, obtain prenatal care, improve their nutrition, reduce stress in pregnancy and heal from root causes of addiction such as experience of violence – all contribute to improving women’s health and reducing the risk of having a child affected by FASD.

• #74 Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Guide for Expecting Parents, Caregivers, and Families | SAMHSALock

  https://www.samhsa.gov/blog/understanding-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-guide-expecting-parents-caregivers-families

  It is never too late to stop alcohol use during pregnancy. […] Early detection of FASDs is critical for providing appropriate interventions and support, which can significantly improve the quality of life for affected individuals. […] While there is no cure for FASDs, early intervention and comprehensive treatment planning can significantly improve the quality of life for those impacted by symptoms of FASDs. […] Treatment services for people with FASDs are most effective when they are strengths-based and address a person’s specific impairments and needs. […] FASDs are complex conditions that require our collective attention and compassion. We can make a significant difference by spreading awareness, advocating for prevention, and supporting individuals and families affected by FASDs.

• #75 Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Guide for Expecting Parents, Caregivers, and Families | SAMHSALock

  https://www.samhsa.gov/blog/understanding-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-guide-expecting-parents-caregivers-families

  It is never too late to stop alcohol use during pregnancy. […] Early detection of FASDs is critical for providing appropriate interventions and support, which can significantly improve the quality of life for affected individuals. […] While there is no cure for FASDs, early intervention and comprehensive treatment planning can significantly improve the quality of life for those impacted by symptoms of FASDs. […] Treatment services for people with FASDs are most effective when they are strengths-based and address a person’s specific impairments and needs. […] FASDs are complex conditions that require our collective attention and compassion. We can make a significant difference by spreading awareness, advocating for prevention, and supporting individuals and families affected by FASDs.

• #76 Prevention – CanFASD

  https://canfasd.ca/topics/prevention/

  Supportive alcohol policy is at the centre of the four mutually reinforcing levels of prevention. Evidence-based alcohol policies, when widely implemented, have considerable potential to reduce the health and social harms from alcohol, including influencing rates of FASD through each level. […] It is also important that maternal/child health and substance use policy is in alignment with supportive child welfare policy to ensure that care is wrapped around the mother child unit, and women are not afraid to access prenatal care out of fear of losing custody. […] Preventing FASD is about more than telling women not to drink alcohol during pregnancy; in fact, this approach can often lead to more harm than good. […] This issue paper explores the effectiveness of alcohol warning labels as an FASD prevention strategy and offers ideas to increase the potential use and impact of warning labels.

• #77 Prevention – CanFASD

  https://canfasd.ca/topics/prevention/

  Supportive alcohol policy is at the centre of the four mutually reinforcing levels of prevention. Evidence-based alcohol policies, when widely implemented, have considerable potential to reduce the health and social harms from alcohol, including influencing rates of FASD through each level. […] It is also important that maternal/child health and substance use policy is in alignment with supportive child welfare policy to ensure that care is wrapped around the mother child unit, and women are not afraid to access prenatal care out of fear of losing custody. […] Preventing FASD is about more than telling women not to drink alcohol during pregnancy; in fact, this approach can often lead to more harm than good. […] This issue paper explores the effectiveness of alcohol warning labels as an FASD prevention strategy and offers ideas to increase the potential use and impact of warning labels.

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