Materiały źródłowe

• #1 What Is a Cancer of Unknown Primary? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cancer-unknown-primary/about/cancer-of-unknown-primary.html

  When cancer is found in one or more metastatic sites but the primary site cannot be determined, it is called a cancer of unknown primary (CUP) or an occult primary cancer. […] In many cases, the source of the cancer is never determined. The most thorough search still might not find the primary site. […] The main reason to look for the primary site of a CUP is to guide treatment. […] But even if the primary site is not known, treatment can still be successful. […] Cancers of unknown primary are often poorly differentiated. […] Even when doctors don’t know where the cancer started, they do their best to classify the type of cancer. This can help them select the best treatment.

• #2 Cancer of unknown primary origin – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_of_unknown_primary_origin

  Cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) is a cancer that is determined to be at the metastatic stage at the time of diagnosis, but a primary tumor cannot be identified. A diagnosis of CUP requires a clinical picture consistent with metastatic disease and one or more biopsy results inconsistent with a tumor cancer. […] CUP usually comes to attention because of masses or swellings found somewhere in the body, either by physical examination or on medical imaging performed for another indication. The disease typically develops rapidly, and metastases may occur in places in the body that are otherwise unusual. […] Most people with cancer of unknown primary origin have widely disseminated and incurable disease, although a few can be cured through treatment. With treatment, typical survival with CUP ranges from 6 to 16 months. Survival rates are lower in cases with visceral metastatic disease, ranging from 6 to 9 months. Survival rates are higher when the cancer is more limited to lymph nodes, pleura, or peritoneal metastasis, which ranges from 14 to 16 months. Long-term prognosis is somewhat better if a particular source of cancer is strongly suggested by clinical evidence.

• #3 Clinical features of cancer with unknown primary site (clinical features, treatment, prognosis of cancer with unknown primary site) | springermedizin.de

  https://www.springermedizin.de/clinical-features-of-cancer-with-unknown-primary-site-clinical-f/23869176

  Cancer of unknown primary site(CUPs) is a metastatic syndrome with an unidentifiable primary tumor, even after extensive workup to seek the primary site. CUPs accounts for about 3%-5% of the total number of all cancer diagnoses worldwide. Common symptoms were anemia, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, abdominal pain, edema/multiple serous cavity effusion. […] The natural history of CUPs patients is completely different from that of cancer patients with a clear primary tumor. Metastasis may occurs at an early stage, with a median age at diagnosis of 65, it is slightly more common in men and the primary site cannot be determined clinically, the mode of metastasis is difficult to predict. […] The onset of CUPs is relatively insidious and the clinical symptoms are atypical. The first symptoms are general weakness, loss of appetite, chest tightness, abdominal distention, weight loss and unexplained lymph node enlargement which are often ignored by patients and found accidentally during physical examination or other reasons. The most common sites of involvement are lymph, liver, lung and bone, followed by pleura, peritoneum and brain. […] During therapy, III-IV grade myelosuppression occurred in 16 patients. After recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor treatment, the leucocytes returned to normal. Adverse reactions of the digestive system, such as nausea and vomiting, occurred in 22 patients.

• #4 Unknown primary cancer

  https://www.christie.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/your-treatment-and-care/types-of-cancer/unknown-primary-cancer

  Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is when a secondary cancer is diagnosed, but even after tests have been carried out, doctors can’t tell where the cancer first started. The primary cancer is unknown. […] People with CUP often have more than one secondary cancer. […] When a new tumour is found, it’s not always obvious what type of cancer it is. […] If your doctors can’t be sure of the primary cancer, they may be able to suggest a possible part of the body where the cancer started. This will be based on where the secondary cancers are, your symptoms and the test results. The test results will also suggest how the cancer might behave. This will help your specialist to plan your treatment. […] Symptoms include swelling and discomfort in the tummy (abdomen), feeling sick and loss of appetite, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), and fluid collecting in the abdomen (ascites).

• #5 Diagnosis of cancer of unknown primary | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/cancer-of-unknown-primary/diagnosis

  Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) means that cancer has already spread, or metastasized, to other parts of the body, but doctors dont know where it started (called the primary site). […] Some people with CUP are very ill when they are diagnosed. In these cases, looking for the primary cancer isnt helpful because finding it wouldnt affect care or treatment. […] Understanding how cancer spreads also helps the healthcare team find out where CUP started. Some types of cancer spread in a predictable way from one part of the body to another. […] In most cases, doctors can eventually find the primary site. Once they identify the primary site, the cancer is treated like the type of cancer that was found. […] Sometimes doctors cant identify the primary site. This may be because the original tumour is very small and hard to find. In some cases, the bodys immune system may have destroyed the original tumour after the cancer spread. In these cases, a person is diagnosed with CUP.

• #6

  https://content-dev.irisoncology.com/library/carcinoma-of-unknown-primary

  Carcinoma of unknown primary is a diagnosis healthcare professionals give when they can’t find where a cancer started. A carcinoma of unknown primary is an advanced cancer that has spread in the body. […] Signs and symptoms of carcinoma of unknown primary include: A cough that won’t go away. Feeling very tired. Fever that doesn’t have a clear cause. Losing weight without trying. Nausea and vomiting. Pain in one part of the body. Swelling of the belly. Swollen lymph nodes. […] Treatment for carcinoma of unknown primary often involves medicines. Cancer treatments that use medicines include chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Carcinoma of unknown primary is a cancer that has spread in the body. Cancer medicines can travel through the body and kill cancer cells. Sometimes healthcare professionals use other treatments, such as surgery and radiation therapy.

• #7

  http://www.cancerhelpessentiahealth.org/Cancer_Types/unknown_primary_203331E2_01.html

  Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the body but the place the cancer began is not known. […] The signs and symptoms of CUP are different, depending on where the cancer has spread in the body. […] Sometimes CUP does not cause any signs or symptoms. Signs and symptoms may be caused by CUP or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: Lump or thickening in any part of the body. Pain that is in one part of the body and does not go away. A cough that does not go away or hoarseness in the voice. Change in bowel or bladder habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, or frequent urination. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Fever for no known reason that does not go away. Night sweats. Weight loss for no known reason or loss of appetite.

• #8 What is cancer of unknown primary (CUP)? | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-unknown-primary-cup/about

  Symptoms of CUP depend on where the cancer has spread to in your body. Possible symptoms of CUP include: weight loss, sickness and loss of appetite, weakness or feeling very tired, pain, breathlessness, a cough that won’t go away, swollen lymph nodes. […] These symptoms listed here are more often caused by other medical conditions. But if you have any of them it is important to see your doctor.

• #9 Cancer of Unknown Primary | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/cancer-of-unknown-primary

  Some people with metastatic cancer have no symptoms, but common symptoms may include: breathlessness or discomfort in the chest […] bone pain, back pain […] swelling and discomfort in the abdomen, fluid collecting in the abdomen (ascites), yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) […] swollen lymph glands such as those in the neck, underarm, chest or groin […] general symptoms such as weight loss, headaches, no appetite and feeling extremely tired. […] Although most cancers of unknown primary can’t be cured, treatment can keep some cancers of unknown primary under control for months or years.

• #10 Symptoms of cancer of unknown primary | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/cancer-of-unknown-primary/signs-and-symptoms

  Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) can cause different signs and symptoms depending on where the cancer is in the body. The general signs or symptoms of cancer of unknown primary are often the same as those found in people with advanced cancer from a known type of cancer. Other health conditions can cause the same symptoms as CUP. […] The general symptoms of CUP include: unexplained weight loss, unexplained fatigue, loss of appetite. […] CUP usually causes specific signs and symptoms depending on where the cancer has spread and which organs it affects. These symptoms include: a lymph node in the neck, under the arm or in the groin that is larger than normal, or enlarged (the lymph node usually isnt sore or tender), shortness of breath, coughing and trouble breathing, a lump or swelling that can be felt in the abdomen or enlargement of the abdomen, pain in the chest, abdomen, bones or other parts of the body, low red blood cell counts (called anemia) caused by bleeding in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or cancer in the bone marrow, headaches or other neurological symptoms (such as confusion, memory problems or problems walking).

• #11 Carcinoma of unknown primary – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carcinoma-unknown-primary/symptoms-causes/syc-20370683

  Carcinoma of unknown primary is a diagnosis healthcare professionals give when they can’t find where a cancer started. A carcinoma of unknown primary is an advanced cancer that has spread in the body. […] Signs and symptoms of carcinoma of unknown primary include: A cough that won’t go away. Feeling very tired. Fever that doesn’t have a clear cause. Losing weight without trying. Nausea and vomiting. Pain in one part of the body. Swelling of the belly. Swollen lymph nodes. […] Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you.

• #12 What is cancer of the unknown primary (CUP)? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/6-questions-about-cancer-of-the-unknown-primary.h00-159460056.html

  The symptoms of CUP are like those of many other cancers. Patients may have unexplained weight loss, pain, loss of appetite, night sweats, fever and chills. […] When patients experience these symptoms, they should talk with their doctor who will order tests to determine whats going on. This work-up includes imaging, a biopsy and a series of tests called a molecular profile that reveal the genetic characteristics of the tumor cells. If we cant determine the original source of the cancer cells, then patients are diagnosed with CUP. Its only about 2% to 3% of patients with metastatic disease.

• #13 Unknown primary cancer

  https://www.christie.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/your-treatment-and-care/types-of-cancer/unknown-primary-cancer

  You may also have some general symptoms including: unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, feeling extremely tired all the time, looking pale, feeling tired and breathless due to a lack of red blood cells (anaemia). […] All the symptoms mentioned here can be caused by conditions other than cancer, but it’s important to see your doctor and get them checked.

• #14 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary | Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center

  https://vicc.org/cancer-info/adult-carcinoma-of-unknown-primary

  Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the body but the place the cancer began is not known. […] The signs and symptoms of CUP are different, depending on where the cancer has spread in the body. […] Sometimes CUP does not cause any signs or symptoms. Signs and symptoms may be caused by CUP or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: Lump or thickening in any part of the body. Pain that is in one part of the body and does not go away. A cough that does not go away or hoarseness in the voice. Change in bowel or bladder habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, or frequent urination. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Fever for no known reason that does not go away. Drenching night sweats. Weight loss for no known reason or loss of appetite.

• #15 Carcinoma of unknown primary // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/carcinoma-of-unknown-primary

  Signs and symptoms of carcinoma of unknown primary include: A cough that won’t go away. […] Feeling very tired. […] Fever that doesn’t have a clear cause. […] Losing weight without trying. […] Nausea and vomiting. […] Pain in one part of the body. […] Swelling of the belly. […] Swollen lymph nodes. […] Carcinoma of unknown primary is a cancer that has spread in the body. […] Sometimes these tests can find the primary cancer. If this happens, you no longer have carcinoma of unknown primary. For some people, the primary cancer is never found. […] Radiation therapy might be used for carcinoma of unknown primary that’s only in a few areas of the body. It also can be used to help control symptoms, such as a growing cancer that’s causing pain. […] Palliative care is a special type of healthcare that helps people with serious illnesses feel better. If you have cancer, palliative care can help relieve pain and other symptoms. […] Coping with carcinoma of unknown primary often involves learning to cope with distress. Many people with this cancer have distress. Symptoms of distress include being worried, scared, sad or angry about your cancer.

• #16 Cancer of Unknown Primary: Symptoms

  https://healthlibrary.ascensioncaremanagement.com/RelatedItems/34,19010-1

  These symptoms may be signs that cancer has spread to your bone marrow or digestive tract. […] Tumors that start in organs inside your body can spread to your skin. It can cause bumps and nodules on your skin. Sometimes, tumors that spread to your skin are the first sign of CUP. […] If cancer is in your lungs, you may feel short of breath when doing everyday tasks like walking, eating, or talking. […] Cancers that start in the digestive tract can cause slow bleeding. It can lead to low red blood cell levels (anemia). Cancer of any type can suppress bone marrow activity. This may result in anemia, too. […] These can be signs of a brain lesion. In rare cases, this is the only site of a hidden cancer in the body. […] Fever for an unknown reason that doesn’t go away can be a sign of CUP, and so are night sweats. These may soak your bedclothes and sheets.

• #16 Cancer of Unknown Primary: Symptoms

  https://healthlibrary.ascensioncaremanagement.com/RelatedItems/34,19010-1

  One of the first symptoms of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) may be a swollen lymph node in your neck, underarm, or groin. […] If you have CUP, your symptoms depend on where in your body the cancer forms. Symptoms may include: […] You may notice swollen or firm lymph nodes. Or a healthcare provider may find them during a routine checkup. Enlarged lymph nodes are most commonly noticed in the neck, above your collarbone, under your armpits, or in your groin. […] If cancer has spread to the bone, you may have bone pain. The bone may also become weak and may break easily. The bones most often affected are the back, legs, and hips. […] These symptoms can be caused by tumors pressing on internal organs. They may also happen if the cancer is growing in your liver. This can also cause bloating and yellowing of your skin and whites of your eyes (jaundice). These symptoms may also start if cancer grows on the surface of other organs in your belly (abdomen). This can cause extra fluid to build up in your abdomen.

• #16 Cancer of Unknown Primary: Symptoms

  https://healthlibrary.ascensioncaremanagement.com/RelatedItems/34,19010-1

  Ongoing constipation, diarrhea, frequent urination, or trouble passing urine can be caused be cancer that’s spread to these organs or tumors causing pressure in the belly (abdomen). […] Other symptoms of CUP are also possible. Symptoms depend on where the cancer started. Keep in mind that all these symptoms can be, and are likely to be, caused by health issues other than cancer. […] If you notice any of these symptoms, see a healthcare provider right away. Many of these symptoms may be caused by other health issues. But only a healthcare provider can tell if you have cancer.

• #17 Childhood Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/unknown-primary/patient/child-unknown-primary-treatment-pdq

  Carcinoma of unknown primary is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the body but the place the cancer began is not known. […] The signs and symptoms of disease are caused by the metastatic cancer and depend on where the cancer has spread. […] Check with your doctor if you have any of the following general signs of cancer: Lump or thickening in any part of the body. Pain that is in one part of the body and does not go away. A cough that does not go away or hoarseness in the voice. Change in bowel or bladder habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, or frequent urination. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Fever for no known reason that does not go away. Drenching night sweats. Weight loss for no known reason or loss of appetite. […] Because the place where the cancer started is not known, more tests and procedures are done to search for the primary cancer.

• #18 Signs and Symptoms of a Cancer of Unknown Primary | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cancer-unknown-primary/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  The signs and symptoms of a cancer of unknown primary vary depending on which organs it has spread to. […] Some possible symptoms of CUP include: […] Swollen, firm, non-tender lymph nodes […] A mass in the abdomen that can be felt or a feeling of fullness […] Shortness of breath […] Pain in the chest or abdomen […] Bone pain […] Skin tumors […] Low red blood cell counts (anemia) […] Weakness, fatigue, poor appetite, and weight loss […] These symptoms are often seen with more advanced cancers. They may occur because the cancer has spread to specific organs or systems such as the bone marrow or digestive system. Some cancers also release substances into the bloodstream that can affect metabolism and cause these problems.

• #19 Symptoms of Cancer of Unknown Primary | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/cancer-of-unknown-primary-cup/symptoms/

  Symptoms of CUP are different for everyone and are related to the area where the secondary cancer is found. […] Some people have few or no symptoms; others have a range of symptoms that may include: swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, chest or groin, a lump or thickening, feeling very tired (fatigue), poor appetite and/or feeling sick (nausea), unexplained weight loss, fevers and night sweats, cough, shortness of breath or discomfort in the chest, pain in the bones, back, head, abdomen or elsewhere, swelling of the abdomen, change in bladder habits, such as needing to pee more often, change in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhoea, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice). […] Not everyone with the symptoms listed above will have cancer, but see your general practitioner (GP) if you are concerned.

• #20 What are the symptoms of cancer of unknown primary? | Cancer Australia

  https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/unknown-primary/what-are-symptoms-cancer-unknown-primary

  Here’s a one-sentence summary of the text: Cancer of unknown primary can cause various symptoms, including lumps, pain, fatigue, and changes in bodily functions. If you experience these symptoms, consult your doctor for assessment. […] Symptoms of cancer of unknown primary vary, depending on where the cancer has spread in the body. […] Some people may have no symptoms. But symptoms may include: a lump or thickening in any part of the body; a new or unusual pain that doesn’t go away, including in the chest or abdomen; headaches; fatigue or weakness; shortness of breath; swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck, underarm, chest or groin; change in bladder habits (such as more frequent urination) or change in bowel habits (such as constipation or diarrhoea); fever; night sweats; loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss. […] There are many conditions that can cause these symptoms, not just cancer. If you have any of these symptoms, you should discuss them with your doctor.

• #21 Metastatic Cancer With Unknown Primary Site Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/280505-clinical

  The clinical presentation of cancer of unknown primary origin is extremely variable, and depends on the extent and type of organ involvement, However, because most of these patients have fairly advanced-stage disease, they typically present with the constitutional symptoms of malaise, weakness, fatigue, and weight loss. […] Most patients with cancer of unknown primary origin present with multiple areas of involvement in multiple visceral sites, the most common being lung, bone, lymph nodes, and liver. […] Patients have early dissemination of their cancer without symptoms at the primary site. Nevertheless, clinical manifestations may suggest the primary site, as follows: Ascites should lead to evaluation for a gastrointestinal or an ovarian primary. An axillary mass in a woman should lead to evaluation for breast cancer. Cervical lymphadenopathy should lead to a thorough otolaryngologic examination. Signs consistent with brain metastasis should lead to a search for a lung, breast, or kidney primary. Apparent bone metastasis should lead to evaluation for prostate, breast, lung, renal, or thyroid primary. A testicular mass should lead to measurement of tumor markers such as betahuman chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

• #22 Clinical features of cancer with unknown primary site (clinical features, treatment, prognosis of cancer with unknown primary site)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805240/

  Cancer of unknown primary site(CUPs) is a metastatic syndrome with an unidentifiable primary tumor, even after extensive workup to seek the primary site. CUPs accounts for about 3%-5% of the total number of all cancer diagnoses worldwide. Common symptoms were anemia, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, abdominal pain, edema/multiple serous cavity effusion. Patients with good prognostic factors achieved good outcomes with treatment, conversely, patients with poor prognosis were generally treated empirically and had poorer outcomes. After anti-tumor treatment, the total effective rate was 41 percent. To the end of follow-up, after anti-tumor treatment, the median Overall Survival(OS) of patients was 5.4 months. […] The onset of CUPs is relatively insidious and the clinical symptoms are atypical. The first symptoms are general weakness, loss of appetite, chest tightness, abdominal distention, weight loss and unexplained lymph node enlargement which are often ignored by patients and found accidentally during physical examination or other reasons. The most common sites of involvement are lymph, liver, lung and bone, followed by pleura, peritoneum and brain. Sixteen of the thirty-two patients in this research had enlarged cervical, supraclavicular and abdominal lymph nodes as their first symptom.

• #23 Cancer of Unknown Primary: Symptoms

  https://reidhealthib.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Bedside/34,19010-1

  One of the first symptoms of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) may be a swollen lymph node in your neck, underarm, or groin. […] If you have CUP, your symptoms depend on where in your body the cancer forms. Symptoms may include: […] You may notice swollen or firm lymph nodes. Or a healthcare provider may find them during a routine checkup. Enlarged lymph nodes are most commonly noticed in the neck, above your collarbone, under your armpits, or in your groin. […] If cancer has spread to the bone, you may have bone pain. The bone may also become weak and may break easily. […] These symptoms can be caused by tumors pressing on internal organs. […] These symptoms may be signs that cancer has spread to your bone marrow or digestive tract. […] Tumors that start in organs inside your body can spread to your skin.

• #23 Cancer of Unknown Primary: Symptoms

  https://reidhealthib.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Bedside/34,19010-1

  If cancer is in your lungs, you may feel short of breath when doing everyday tasks like walking, eating, or talking. […] Cancers that start in the digestive tract can cause slow bleeding. It can lead to low red blood cell levels (anemia). […] These can be signs of a brain lesion. […] Fever for an unknown reason that doesn’t go away can be a sign of CUP, and so are night sweats. […] Ongoing constipation, diarrhea, frequent urination, or trouble passing urine can be caused be cancer that’s spread to these organs or tumors causing pressure in the belly (abdomen).

• #24 Cancer of Unknown Primary – Head and Neck Cancer Australia

  https://www.headandneckcancer.org.au/types-of-head-neck-cancer/cancer-of-unknown-primary/

  Patients with Cancer of Unknown Primary usually notice a lump in their neck, which is usually painless. Most patients dont have any other symptoms. […] However, adults that notice a swollen lymph node that does not go away within four weeks should consult their doctor. Adults presenting with enlarged lymph nodes for a month or longer may be recommended a needle biopsy to check for cancer. […] The side-effects of radiation therapy start around two weeks into treatment and progress through treatment to peak in the last week or just after treatment ends. The side effects start to improve 2-3 weeks after the end of treatment. […] Most side effects are short lived and may go away within 46 weeks of finishing radiation therapy. Some side effects may last for months after you finish radiation therapy and some may be permanent.

• #25 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Cancer-of-Unknown-Primary.aspx

  The symptoms of CUP differ in each person and are based on the site from where they have spread, but some of these are listed below: […] Firm enlarged lymph nodes with no pain. […] A lump in the abdomen that can be viewed externally or early satiety. […] Dyspnea […] Chest and abdominal pain […] Bone pain […] Skin cancer […] Fatigue or weakness […] Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss. […] The occurrence of these symptoms does not always confirm the presence of CUP cancer. It is necessary to consult the physician regarding the symptoms as they may be caused due to some other health disorders.

• #26 8 Top Cancer of Unknown Primary Symptoms & Signs | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/cancer-of-unknown-primary/cancer-of-unknown-primary-symptoms.html

  Symptoms of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) vary from person to person and depend on where the cancer has spread. They may include: […] Swollen lymph nodes that are firm and not painful […] Mass in the abdomen that can be felt from the outside or causes a feeling of fullness after a small meal […] Shortness of breath […] Pain in the chest or abdomen […] Pain in the bones […] Skin tumors […] Fatigue or weakness […] Lack of appetite or unexplained weight loss. […] These symptoms do not always mean you have CUP. However, it is important to discuss any symptoms with your doctor, since they may signal other health problems.

• #27 Cancer of Unknown Primary: Symptoms | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/health-library/cancer-of-unknown-primary-symptoms

  If you have cancer of unknown primary (CUP), your symptoms depend on where in your body the cancer forms. […] One of the first symptoms of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) may be a swollen lymph node in your neck, underarm, or groin. […] Symptoms may include: […] You may notice swollen or firm lymph nodes. […] If cancer has spread to the bone, you may have bone pain. […] These symptoms can be caused by tumors pressing on internal organs. […] These symptoms may be signs that cancer has spread to your bone marrow or digestive tract. […] Tumors that start in organs inside your body can spread to your skin. […] If cancer is in your lungs, you may feel short of breath when doing everyday tasks like walking, eating, or talking. […] Cancers that start in the digestive tract can cause slow bleeding.

• #28 Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) – Detection, Metastasis, and Primary Tumor | Onkoloji Doktorum

  https://www.onkolojidoktorum.com/en/cancers-of-unknown-primary

  Jaundice or Skin Changes: If the liver is affected, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) may occur. […] Neurological Symptoms: Neurological symptoms such as headaches, visual disturbances, or seizures may occur if cancer has spread to the brain or spinal cord. […] Respiratory Problems: Cough, shortness of breath or chest pain may occur in cases where the lungs are affected. […] In CUP cases, these symptoms may vary depending on the extent of spread of the cancer and its location in the body. Because each of these symptoms may be caused by other health problems, in-depth medical evaluation is necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning in CUP cases can increase the patient’s survival time and quality of life.

• #29 Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/791

  Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site is a common clinical entity, comprising 2% to 4% of all incident cancers worldwide. […] Untreated, prognosis is poor, with a median survival between 3 and 4 months. […] Supportive therapies control pain and other symptoms. […] Key diagnostic factors include bone pain and family history of cancer. […] Other diagnostic factors include jaundice, ascites, personal history of previous cancer, history of smoking, pain, palpable mass, symptoms of postobstructive pneumonia, neurologic pain or weakness, headaches, seizures, cervical chain adenopathy, constitutional symptoms, depression, delirium, history of heavy alcohol consumption, hepatomegaly, and hemoptysis. […] Risk factors include age 60 years.

• #30 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary – North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.nth.nhs.uk/resources/carcinoma-of-unknown-primary/

  Carcinoma (cancer) of Unknown Primary means that even after tests have been done, we are not able to tell where your cancer started. […] You may have general symptoms including: Unexplained weight loss. Feeling extremely tired all of the time. Loss of appetite. Looking pale or feeling breathless due to anaemia (lack of red blood cells). […] You may have symptoms due to the secondary cancer in the: Lung – feeling breathless or having a cough that does not go away. Liver – swelling and discomfort in your abdomen (tummy), feeling sick and losing your appetite, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) or ascites (fluid collecting in your abdomen). Bone – you may have dull pain in your bones, which is often worse at night, Sometimes if a bone is weakened by cancer it can fracture (break). Lymph nodes (glands) – your lymph nodes may be swollen and feel hard or cause pain. The most common lymph nodes to be affected are the nodes in your neck, armpit, chest or groin. […] Some patients with suspected Carcinoma of Unknown Primary may be too unwell to have many of these tests. This is because the cancer is very advanced or they have other health problems.

• #31 Frontiers | Does Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) Truly Exist as a Distinct Cancer Entity?

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2019.00402/full

  Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) designates an enigmatic cancer entity with histologic confirmation of malignancy from a metastasis but no identifiable primary tumor in spite of a thorough diagnostic work-up. […] CUP cases share an aggressive clinical course, atypical metastasis pattern, rapid progression of metastases, a generally poor response to chemotherapy and dismal outcome as distinct clinical features. […] The disease is characterized by early and rapidly progressing metastatic spread. […] CUP cases typically share distinct clinical features: an aggressive clinical course, atypical metastasis pattern and rapid progression of metastases, a generally poor response to chemotherapy and dismal patient outcome, with overall survival rates in the 1 year range even in clinical trial cohorts. […] In conclusion, CUP cases are biologically characterized by early and aggressive metastatic spread, poor response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis, which has led to the postulation of a unifying underlying pro-metastatic signature in CUP.

• #32 Metastatic Cancer With Unknown Primary Site: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/280505-overview

  In metastatic cancer, the primary site of the cancer usually dictates the treatment, expected outcome, and overall prognosis. Consequently, in patients who present with metastatic cancer without a known primary site, the search for the primary site has high priority. […] CUP is characterized by an aggressive course and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. […] Median survival in patients with cancer of unknown primary origin ranges from 11 weeks to 11 months. […] The 5-year overall survival rate is about 11%. In those with multiple organ involvement and poor performance status, the median survival is only 3-4 months; the 1-year survival rate is less than 15%, with a 5-year survival of 5-10%. Factors associated with a poor prognosis include the following: Male sex, Multiple brain metastases, Pleural/lung involvement, Liver involvement, Adrenal involvement, Adenocarcinoma histology. […] Approximately 15-20% of patients with CUP have a favorable prognosis.

• #33 Carcinoma of an Unknown Primary Site

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/carcinoma-unknown-primary-site

  Carcinoma of an unknown primary site is a common clinical syndrome, accounting for approximately 3% of all oncologic diagnoses. Patients in this group are heterogeneous, having a wide variety of clinical presentations and pathologic findings. […] Although all patients with cancer of an unknown primary site have advanced, metastatic disease, universal pessimism and nihilism regarding treatment are inappropriate. […] Patients with unknown primary cancer usually present with signs and symptoms related to the areas of metastatic tumor involvement. In addition, constitutional symptoms, such as anorexia, weight loss, weakness, and fatigue, are common. […] At autopsy, a primary site is identified in 70% to 80% of patients. […] Common sites of metastatic involvement include the lungs, liver, and skeletal system; however, a wide variety of other sites are sometimes involved.

• #34 Clinical features of cancer with unknown primary site (clinical features, treatment, prognosis of cancer with unknown primary site) | springermedizin.de

  https://www.springermedizin.de/clinical-features-of-cancer-with-unknown-primary-site-clinical-f/23869176

  Cancer of unknown primary site(CUPs) is a metastatic syndrome with an unidentifiable primary tumor, even after extensive workup to seek the primary site. CUPs accounts for about 3%-5% of the total number of all cancer diagnoses worldwide. Common symptoms were anemia, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, abdominal pain, edema/multiple serous cavity effusion. […] The natural history of CUPs patients is completely different from that of cancer patients with a clear primary tumor. Metastasis may occurs at an early stage, with a median age at diagnosis of 65, it is slightly more common in men and the primary site cannot be determined clinically, the mode of metastasis is difficult to predict. […] The onset of CUPs is relatively insidious and the clinical symptoms are atypical. The first symptoms are general weakness, loss of appetite, chest tightness, abdominal distention, weight loss and unexplained lymph node enlargement which are often ignored by patients and found accidentally during physical examination or other reasons. The most common sites of involvement are lymph, liver, lung and bone, followed by pleura, peritoneum and brain. […] During therapy, III-IV grade myelosuppression occurred in 16 patients. After recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor treatment, the leucocytes returned to normal. Adverse reactions of the digestive system, such as nausea and vomiting, occurred in 22 patients.

• #35

  http://www.cancerhelpessentiahealth.org/Cancer_Types/unknown_primary_203331E2_01.html

  Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery). The prognosis (chance of recovery) depends on the following: Where the cancer began in the body and where it has spread. The number of organs with cancer in them. The way the tumor cells look when viewed under a microscope. Whether the patient is male or female. Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred (come back).

• #36

  https://www.cancerhelpessentiahealth.org/Cancer_Types/unknown_primary_203331E1_01.html

  Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery). The prognosis (chance of recovery) depends on the following: Where the cancer began in the body and where it has spread. The number of organs with cancer in them. The way the tumor cells look when viewed under a microscope. Whether the patient is male or female. Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred (come back). For most patients with CUP, current treatments do not cure the cancer.

• #37

  http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-professionals/clinical-resources/cancer-management-manual/primary-unknown/primary-unknown

  Patients with metastatic cancer of unknown primary site (primary unknown) have a histological or cytologically documented cancer, but no primary site identified after careful clinical history, full physical examination (including pelvic and rectal exam) and chest radiograph. […] The median survival is about six months and the proportion of patients alive at 1 year is 10-20%. A small proportion (about 5%) are alive at 5 years. […] Triage of patients to Radiation or Medical Oncology will depend on the symptoms needing palliation and the site(s) involved. For example, patients with brain metastases or painful bone metastases are usually treated by a radiation oncologist and patients with liver, lung or soft tissue disease are managed by a medical oncologist. […] Patients presenting with emergency conditions such as spinal cord compression should be referred immediately upon recognition of the diagnosis for assessment and treatment on an emergency basis. […] Patients with poor performance status (bed or chair-ridden most of the day) are unlikely to respond to systemic chemotherapy.

• #38

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10555-023-10101-6

  Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous group of metastatic cancers in which the site of origin is not identifiable. […] These carcinomas have a poor outcome due to their late presentation with metastatic disease, difficulty in identifying the origin and delay in treatment. […] While cachexia and weight loss are the most common symptoms of CUP patients, the initial clinical presentation depends on the organs involved by metastatic disease. […] Paraneoplastic syndromes may also occur and can manifest before a definitive diagnosis. Their timely recognition may lead to an earlier cancer diagnosis which might substantially alter the prognosis of CUP patients. […] Ten to 15% are designated as clinically favourable including patients with good performance status and normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level.

• #39

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10555-023-10101-6

  The vast majority of patients with CUP (85-90%) fall within the unfavourable subgroup, however, and have a poor prognosis with median survival of 4-9 months. […] Empiric systemic chemotherapy is considered the standard treatment for metastatic CUP, although improvements in overall survival are modest and unpredictable, particularly in patients with unfavourable factors. […] Treatment decisions must incorporate patients wishes, performance status, and overall prognosis whilst enrolment in clinical trials is strongly encouraged. […] Realistic treatment aims include modest improvement in survival, palliation of symptoms, and preservation of quality of life with chemotherapy or supportive measures.

• #40 Cancer of unknown primary site

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/september/cancer-of-unknown-primary-site

  The high rates of emergency department visits before and after diagnosis suggest gaps in care, or may simply reflect the need for urgent attention given the aggressive nature of CUP. […] Although most patients with CUP have poor prognoses, a recognised subset has a favourable prognosis and must be offered treatment according to published guidelines.

• #40 Cancer of unknown primary site

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/september/cancer-of-unknown-primary-site

  Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is the diagnosis given to patients with metastatic cancer with no known site of origin. […] The presenting symptoms for CUP can be non-specific and vague (eg weight loss and pain). […] Patients with CUP had significantly more comorbidities before diagnosis than patients with metastatic cancer of known primary site. […] Patients with CUP will benefit from an integrated care plan, regardless of whether they receive curative or palliative, end-of-life care. […] Coping with a diagnosis of metastatic cancer is more difficult when the primary site is unknown, and adds to distress, hopelessness, somatisation, anxiety and depression. […] The median survival for patients with confirmed CUP is 6-7 months for unfavourable subtypes and 12-36 months for favourable subtypes.

• #41 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary (CUP): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6139-carcinoma-of-unknown-primary

  Carcinoma of unknown primary may cause several common cancer symptoms. Any change in your body that doesnt go away or gets worse is a reason to talk to a healthcare provider. Issues or symptoms that cancer can cause include: […] Carcinoma of unknown primary causes Healthcare providers diagnose carcinoma of unknown primary when they cant find the primary tumor. This can happen if the primary tumor was removed during an unrelated surgery or if tests dont detect it. […] Carcinoma of unknown primary may come back after treatment. Your oncologist may recommend that you consider participating in a clinical trial. […] You may benefit from mental health support. Research shows people with carcinoma of unknown primary are more likely to have depression and anxiety than others who have metastatic cancer. You may benefit from mental health support like talking to a counselor or psychologist.

• #42 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary (CUP): Symptoms, Causes, Risks, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://ghealth121.com/treatments/carcinoma-of-unknown-primary-cup/

  These symptoms can sometimes mimic those of other medical conditions, making accurate diagnosis essential. […] Carcinoma of Unknown Primary presents unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment, requiring a thorough understanding of the condition and a multidisciplinary approach. While the absence of a detectable primary tumor complicates management, advances in diagnostic techniques and personalized treatment options continue to improve outcomes for patients. Early detection and a tailored treatment plan are crucial in addressing this complex cancer type. If you or a loved one are facing CUP, consulting a healthcare professional experienced in oncology is essential for optimal care.

• #43 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.carcinoma-of-unknown-primary-treatment-pdq%C2%AE-treatment-patient-information-nci.ncicdr0000062729

  Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the body but the place the cancer began is not known. […] The signs and symptoms of CUP are different, depending on where the cancer has spread in the body. […] Sometimes CUP does not cause any signs or symptoms. Signs and symptoms may be caused by CUP or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: Lump or thickening in any part of the body. Pain that is in one part of the body and does not go away. A cough that does not go away or hoarseness in the voice. Change in bowel or bladder habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, or frequent urination. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Fever for no known reason that does not go away. Drenching night sweats. Weight loss for no known reason or loss of appetite.

• #44 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.carcinoma-of-unknown-primary-treatment-pdq%C2%AE-treatment-patient-information-nci.ncicdr0000062729

  Because the place where the cancer started is not known, many tests and procedures may be done to search for the primary cancer. […] Sometimes, none of the tests can find the primary cancer site. In these cases, treatment may be based on what the doctor thinks is the most likely type of cancer. […] Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery). […] The prognosis depends on the following: Where the cancer began in the body and where it has spread. The number of organs with cancer in them. The way the tumor cells look when viewed under a microscope. Whether the patient is male or female. Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred (come back). […] For most patients with CUP, current treatments do not cure the cancer. Patients may want to take part in one of the many clinical trials being done to improve treatment.

• #45 Carcinoma of unknown Primary – Essex Oncologist

  https://www.essexoncologist.co.uk/treatments/carcinoma-unknown-primary/

  Most patients have an obvious site of primary cancer but sometimes cancer is suspected or found in the body but the place where the cancer began is not known. […] Delays in diagnostic investigations and initiating anti-cancer therapy can have a detrimental effect on these patients survival outcome. […] Symptoms of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) will vary depending on where the secondary cancer (or cancers) are but common reasons for suspecting cancer and referring patients for further investigation include: […] Unexplained weight loss, fatigue or poor appetite.

• #46 Cancer of Unknown Primary Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/cancer-unknown-primary-origin/cancer-unknown-primary-treatment

  Because cancer of unknown primary is by definition a cancer that has spread from a primary site, the disease is already at an advanced stage by the time it is diagnosed. […] Chemotherapy is used to shrink tumors and relieve the symptoms caused by cancer. […] Surgery does not usually cure the cancer. […] When a tumor of unknown primary is found in only one organ or lymph node, or if there are specific symptoms related to the site of the tumor, our doctors may recommend surgery. […] Radiation therapy is only used to control tumors that cannot be surgically removed or when cancer of unknown primary spreads to the spine and interferes with neurologic function.

• #47 Clinical features of cancer with unknown primary site (clinical features, treatment, prognosis of cancer with unknown primary site) | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-022-10472-z

  Thirty-two patients underwent chemotherapy treatment, the median course of chemotherapy was 4(26). After chemotherapy, 4 patients with complete remission(CR), 9 patients with partial remission(PR), 5 patients with stable disease(SD), 14 patients with progressive diseases(PD), and the total effective rate was 41 percent. […] At the end of the follow-up, of the 32 patients, 2 were in complete remission, 3 were in partial remission, 4 were stable and 29 had progressive disease. Most people with CUPs did not respond well to treatment.

• #48 Clinical features of cancer with unknown primary site (clinical features, treatment, prognosis of cancer with unknown primary site)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805240/

  The treatment of patients with metastatic cancer of unknown primary origin is now considered to be inextricably linked to factors such as the location of the primary tumour, the type of pathology and the stage of the tumour. Therefore, it is important to identify the primary site of the tumour as soon as possible for the patient’s prognosis. […] Up to now, there is no uniform and effective treatment method for CUPs. The main treatment for CUPs is chemotherapy, which varies greatly in terms of regimen, duration, dose and route of administration. Most people with CUPs did not respond well to treatment.

• #49 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary | Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center

  https://vicc.org/cancer-info/adult-carcinoma-of-unknown-primary

  Because the place where the cancer started is not known, many tests and procedures may be done to search for the primary cancer. […] Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery). […] For most patients with CUP, current treatments do not cure the cancer. Patients may want to take part in one of the many clinical trials being done to improve treatment. Clinical trials for CUP are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.

• #50 Cancer of unknown primary

  https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/unknown-primary/cancer-of-unknown-primary.html

  Symptoms of CUP are different for everyone and are related to the area where the secondary cancer is found. Some people have few or no symptoms; others have a range of symptoms that may include: […] Not everyone with the symptoms listed above will have cancer, but see your general practitioner (GP) if you are concerned. […] CUP usually presents as advanced cancer, so treatment may focus on controlling symptoms and helping you plan the best possible future care for yourself. This is known as palliative treatment.

• #51 Carcinoma of Unknown Primary (CUP) | Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

  https://www.hey.nhs.uk/patient-leaflet/carcinoma-of-unknown-primary-cup/

  In patients with CUP, symptoms are caused by a cancer that has spread. This is called a secondary cancer. Despite usual tests, the original site of the cancer cannot be identified. […] CUP can be treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone based medicines or a combination of all, depending on the type of cancer; the areas of spread and the physical condition of the patient. Supportive or palliative care with medicines to control your symptoms can be an important part of treatment for people with CUP. Sometimes doctors advise palliative care on its own rather than treating the cancer. This may be because the cancer is very advanced and the disadvantages of treatment outweigh the advantages.

• #52 Unknown Primary Carcinomas: Diagnosis and Management

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/unknown-primary-carcinomas-diagnosis-and-management

  Unknown primary carcinomas are a significant health problem, constituting 3% to 10% of all tumors diagnosed in the United States each year. While the majority of patients with metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary origin have short survival times and disease resistant to treatment, recent findings suggest that certain subsets of patients have tumors that are responsive to chemotherapy. Others can be successfully treated with regional therapy. […] Not surprisingly, patients with unknown primary carcinomas present with many of the same symptoms as patients with advanced malignancies of known origin. In one review, clinical presentation included general deterioration (73%), digestive symptoms (58%), liver enlargement (58%), abdominal pain (56%), respiratory symptoms (45%), ascites (26%), and node enlargement (16%).

• #53 Carcinoma of an Unknown Primary Site

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/carcinoma-unknown-primary-site

  After a biopsy has established the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma, a relatively limited clinical evaluation is indicated to search for a primary site. […] If these studies do not identify a primary site, then the patient should be considered to have carcinoma of unknown primary site. […] The extent of cervical lymph node involvement is the most important prognostic factor. […] Although some patients derive substantial benefit, the results of treatment for most patients in this group are poor, and the median survival with empiric chemotherapy is only 8 to 11 months. […] Gene expression profiling can therefore accurately identify the tissue of origin in the majority of patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site, and it should be a part of the diagnostic evaluation if the site of origin is not identified by other studies.

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