Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12428

  A kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a type of urinary tract infection, or UTI. Most UTIs are bladder infections. Kidney infections tend to make people much sicker than bladder infections do. A kidney infection is also more serious because it can cause lasting damage if it is not treated quickly. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] Drink plenty of water. This may help wash out bacteria that are causing the infection. If you have kidney, heart, or liver disease and have to limit fluids, talk with your doctor before you increase the amount of fluids you drink.

• #2 Pyelonephritis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pyelonephritis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidneys and is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract. Escherichia coli is considered the most common organism causing pyelonephritis. […] Pyelonephritis can be categorized as acute or chronic. Acute pyelonephritis is referred to as an active bacterial infection of the kidneys while the chronic type is repeated infection in the upper urinary tract caused by structural deformities, obstruction, reflux, or urinary stasis. […] Patients with mild symptoms are treated with antibiotics for 7 to 14 days in an outpatient setting while patients with severe symptoms require hospitalization and IV antibiotic therapy. Surgical interventions like pyelolithotomy, nephrectomy (for severe cases), or ureteral diversion may be indicated to correct structural issues, drain abscesses, or remove an obstruction.

• #3 Pyelonephritis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pyelonephritis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidneys and is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract. Escherichia coli is considered the most common organism causing pyelonephritis. […] Pyelonephritis can be categorized as acute or chronic. Acute pyelonephritis is referred to as an active bacterial infection of the kidneys while the chronic type is repeated infection in the upper urinary tract caused by structural deformities, obstruction, reflux, or urinary stasis. […] Patients with mild symptoms are treated with antibiotics for 7 to 14 days in an outpatient setting while patients with severe symptoms require hospitalization and IV antibiotic therapy. Surgical interventions like pyelolithotomy, nephrectomy (for severe cases), or ureteral diversion may be indicated to correct structural issues, drain abscesses, or remove an obstruction.

• #4 Pyelonephritis: Management and Treatment – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/pyelonephritis-management-and-treatment/

  Complicated acute pyelonephritis can result from abnormal anatomic structures and functional abnormalities of the urinary tract system accompanied by complicated UTIs. […] The following are risk factors that lead to the development of a kidney infection: Sexually active young women (most at risk), Pregnancy, Age Infants and those 60 years and older, Immunocompromised patients, Metabolic conditions or health conditions: Diabetes, organ transplant, sickle cell disease. […] The signs and symptoms of acute pyelonephritis can resemble those associated with a lower urinary tract infection (UTI). The hallmark symptoms of pyelonephritis are flank pain, fever, and chills. […] Acute pyelonephritis can lead to serious health complications that can be life-threatening. Complications of acute pyelonephritis can include septic shock, renal abscess, and permanent parenchymal destruction due to the inflammatory response that results in scarring and potential loss of kidney function.

• #5 Pyelonephritis: Management and Treatment – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/pyelonephritis-management-and-treatment/

  Acute pyelonephritis is the most common type of kidney infection, mainly caused by E. coli. The second most common cause of acute pyelonephritis is Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter, which are commonly found in bowel flora. These bacteria ascend from the lower urinary tract system and into the kidneys. […] Acute pyelonephritis is often sudden and a severe form of kidney disease which can lead to possible kidney damage, acute kidney injury, formation of an abscess in or around the kidneys, urosepsis, septic shock, and organ failure. Acute pyelonephritis has the potential organ and life-threatening infection that can lead to renal scarring. […] Acute pyelonephritis can occur as uncomplicated or complicated. […] Uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis is often seen in young healthy women who are without structural or functional abnormalities in their urinary tract system. Uncomplicated pyelonephritis is curable without any complications or scarring.

• #6 Kidney infection – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353393

  To check for a kidney infection, you may be asked to provide a urine sample to test for bacteria, blood or pus in your urine. Your health care provider might also take a blood sample for a culture. A culture is a lab test that checks for bacteria or other organisms in your blood. […] Antibiotics are the first line of treatment for kidney infections. The drugs used and the length of time of the treatment depend on your health and the bacteria found in your urine tests. […] Symptoms of a kidney infection often begin to clear up within a few days of treatment. But you might need to continue antibiotics for a week or longer. Finish taking the full course of antibiotics even if you start feeling better. […] If your kidney infection is severe, you may need to go to the hospital. Treatment might include antibiotics and fluids through a vein in your arm. How long you’ll stay in the hospital depends on how severe your infection is.

• #7

  https://www.laparoscopyhospital.com/forum/forum.php?p=&cat_id=&tid=3526

  Medical History and Physical Examination: Your doctor will likely ask about your symptoms, medical history, and conduct a physical examination to assess any signs of infection or tenderness in the kidney area. […] Urinalysis: A urine sample is analyzed to check for the presence of white blood cells, red blood cells, and bacteria. Elevated levels of white blood cells and bacteria in the urine may suggest a kidney infection. […] Blood Tests: Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) and a blood culture, can help assess the severity of the infection and identify the specific bacteria causing the infection. […] Imaging Studies: Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may be used to visualize the kidneys and surrounding structures. These tests can help identify any abnormalities, such as kidney stones or structural issues that might contribute to the infection.

• #8 Pyelonephritis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pyelonephritis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses support patients with pyelonephritis by providing accurate information about individualized treatment plans including medications, nutrition, and fluid therapies. Nurses are vital in educating patients on how to prevent a recurrence of pyelonephritis. […] Once the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses for pyelonephritis, nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care. […] The most distinctive symptoms of acute pyelonephritis include pain in the back or flank area. The patient may describe suprapubic symptoms of heaviness, pressure, or discomfort. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain […] Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Fluid Volume […] Pyelonephritis is caused by bacteria that trigger infection and inflammation in the kidneys. As a compensatory mechanism, the kidneys tend to produce more urine which can cause deficient fluid volume and dehydration.

• #9

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12428

  Urinate often. Try to empty your bladder each time. […] To relieve pain, take a hot shower or lay a heating pad (set on low) over your lower belly. Never go to sleep with a heating pad in place. Put a thin cloth between the heating pad and your skin. […] If you have symptoms of a bladder infection, such as burning when you urinate or having to urinate often, call your doctor or nurse advice line so you can treat the problem before it gets worse. If you do not treat a bladder infection quickly, it can spread to the kidney. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have symptoms that a kidney infection is getting worse. These may include: Pain or burning when you urinate. A frequent need to urinate without being able to pass much urine. Pain in the flank, which is just below the rib cage and above the waist on either side of the back. Blood in the urine. A fever. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You do not get better as expected.

• #10 7 Urinary Tract Infection Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/urinary-tract-infection-nursing-care-plans/

  Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) may include: Managing Acute Pain. Because of the referred pain pathways, even simple lower UTI may be accompanied by flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. The lining of the bladder becomes inflamed and irritated. The irritation causes pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area and even in the lower back. Burning or pain when urinating is one of the common symptoms of UTI. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection. Common signs and symptoms of UTI include dysuria (painful, burning sensation, or difficult urination), urinary frequency urgency, and nocturia (voiding two or more times at bedtime). Additionally, pyuria (foul-smelling or cloudy urine) or hematuria (bloody urine) may also occur due to excess white cells in the urine and bleeding of the inflamed bladder wall. Dysuria may be accompanied by a sensation of bladder fullness or lower abdominal discomfort.

• #11 7 Urinary Tract Infection Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/urinary-tract-infection-nursing-care-plans/

  Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) may include: Managing Acute Pain. Because of the referred pain pathways, even simple lower UTI may be accompanied by flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. The lining of the bladder becomes inflamed and irritated. The irritation causes pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area and even in the lower back. Burning or pain when urinating is one of the common symptoms of UTI. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection. Common signs and symptoms of UTI include dysuria (painful, burning sensation, or difficult urination), urinary frequency urgency, and nocturia (voiding two or more times at bedtime). Additionally, pyuria (foul-smelling or cloudy urine) or hematuria (bloody urine) may also occur due to excess white cells in the urine and bleeding of the inflamed bladder wall. Dysuria may be accompanied by a sensation of bladder fullness or lower abdominal discomfort.

• #12 Pyelonephritis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pyelonephritis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Hyperthermia […] Fever or hyperthermia is a common symptom of pyelonephritis. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Urinary Elimination […] Impaired urinary elimination can be a result of sensory impairment, physical abnormality, or a secondary cause of another disorder. This can happen in patients with pyelonephritis due to symptoms of the condition such as frequent urination, a strong, persistent urge to urinate, and urinary hesitancy. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance […] Kidney problems like pyelonephritis cause a decline in kidney function and increase the risk of developing electrolyte imbalances. Symptoms of the disease, including diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and frequent urination, also contribute to electrolyte abnormalities.

• #13 7 Urinary Tract Infection Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/urinary-tract-infection-nursing-care-plans/

  Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) may include: Managing Acute Pain. Because of the referred pain pathways, even simple lower UTI may be accompanied by flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. The lining of the bladder becomes inflamed and irritated. The irritation causes pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area and even in the lower back. Burning or pain when urinating is one of the common symptoms of UTI. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection. Common signs and symptoms of UTI include dysuria (painful, burning sensation, or difficult urination), urinary frequency urgency, and nocturia (voiding two or more times at bedtime). Additionally, pyuria (foul-smelling or cloudy urine) or hematuria (bloody urine) may also occur due to excess white cells in the urine and bleeding of the inflamed bladder wall. Dysuria may be accompanied by a sensation of bladder fullness or lower abdominal discomfort.

• #14 7 Urinary Tract Infection Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/urinary-tract-infection-nursing-care-plans/

  Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) may include: Managing Acute Pain. Because of the referred pain pathways, even simple lower UTI may be accompanied by flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. The lining of the bladder becomes inflamed and irritated. The irritation causes pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area and even in the lower back. Burning or pain when urinating is one of the common symptoms of UTI. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection. Common signs and symptoms of UTI include dysuria (painful, burning sensation, or difficult urination), urinary frequency urgency, and nocturia (voiding two or more times at bedtime). Additionally, pyuria (foul-smelling or cloudy urine) or hematuria (bloody urine) may also occur due to excess white cells in the urine and bleeding of the inflamed bladder wall. Dysuria may be accompanied by a sensation of bladder fullness or lower abdominal discomfort.

• #15 7 Urinary Tract Infection Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/urinary-tract-infection-nursing-care-plans/

  Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) may include: Managing Acute Pain. Because of the referred pain pathways, even simple lower UTI may be accompanied by flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. The lining of the bladder becomes inflamed and irritated. The irritation causes pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area and even in the lower back. Burning or pain when urinating is one of the common symptoms of UTI. […] Assess for signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection. Common signs and symptoms of UTI include dysuria (painful, burning sensation, or difficult urination), urinary frequency urgency, and nocturia (voiding two or more times at bedtime). Additionally, pyuria (foul-smelling or cloudy urine) or hematuria (bloody urine) may also occur due to excess white cells in the urine and bleeding of the inflamed bladder wall. Dysuria may be accompanied by a sensation of bladder fullness or lower abdominal discomfort.

• #16

  https://www.laparoscopyhospital.com/forum/forum.php?p=&cat_id=&tid=3526

  Medical History and Physical Examination: Your doctor will likely ask about your symptoms, medical history, and conduct a physical examination to assess any signs of infection or tenderness in the kidney area. […] Urinalysis: A urine sample is analyzed to check for the presence of white blood cells, red blood cells, and bacteria. Elevated levels of white blood cells and bacteria in the urine may suggest a kidney infection. […] Blood Tests: Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) and a blood culture, can help assess the severity of the infection and identify the specific bacteria causing the infection. […] Imaging Studies: Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may be used to visualize the kidneys and surrounding structures. These tests can help identify any abnormalities, such as kidney stones or structural issues that might contribute to the infection.

• #17 Kidney infection – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353393

  To check for a kidney infection, you may be asked to provide a urine sample to test for bacteria, blood or pus in your urine. Your health care provider might also take a blood sample for a culture. A culture is a lab test that checks for bacteria or other organisms in your blood. […] Antibiotics are the first line of treatment for kidney infections. The drugs used and the length of time of the treatment depend on your health and the bacteria found in your urine tests. […] Symptoms of a kidney infection often begin to clear up within a few days of treatment. But you might need to continue antibiotics for a week or longer. Finish taking the full course of antibiotics even if you start feeling better. […] If your kidney infection is severe, you may need to go to the hospital. Treatment might include antibiotics and fluids through a vein in your arm. How long you’ll stay in the hospital depends on how severe your infection is.

• #18 Pyelonephritis Interventions – Urinary Elimination for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/fundamentals-of-nursing-273/urinary-elimination-1371/pyelonephritis-interventions_2056

  Pyelonephritis is inflammation in an area of the kidney called the renal parenchyma. This condition is caused by a bacterial infection that begins in the lower urinary tract and travels upward and into the kidney(s). Treatment of this condition involves antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain, and increased fluid intake. In some cases, a short stay in the hospital may be necessary for intravenous antibiotic administration. […] A clean catch specimen of urine must be obtained for analysis and culture prior to the first dose of antibiotics. Determining the causative bacterial agent is important, as it can affect the type of antibiotic needed to treat the infection. […] Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be given for pain management, unless contraindicated.

• #19 Kidney infection – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353393

  To check for a kidney infection, you may be asked to provide a urine sample to test for bacteria, blood or pus in your urine. Your health care provider might also take a blood sample for a culture. A culture is a lab test that checks for bacteria or other organisms in your blood. […] Antibiotics are the first line of treatment for kidney infections. The drugs used and the length of time of the treatment depend on your health and the bacteria found in your urine tests. […] Symptoms of a kidney infection often begin to clear up within a few days of treatment. But you might need to continue antibiotics for a week or longer. Finish taking the full course of antibiotics even if you start feeling better. […] If your kidney infection is severe, you may need to go to the hospital. Treatment might include antibiotics and fluids through a vein in your arm. How long you’ll stay in the hospital depends on how severe your infection is.

• #20 Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0801/p173.html

  Choice of antibiotic is informed by the clinical presentation, the patient’s individual risk factors, and local resistance patterns. […] Hospitalized patients should initially receive parenteral antibiotic therapy; empiric options are listed in Table 6. […] Urgent decompression is recommended in patients with acute pyelonephritis and urinary tract obstruction identified on imaging. […] Because of the increased risk of serious complications, pregnant patients with pyelonephritis should be admitted to the hospital for initial parenteral antibiotic therapy and monitoring.

• #21 Pyelonephritis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pyelonephritis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidneys and is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract. Escherichia coli is considered the most common organism causing pyelonephritis. […] Pyelonephritis can be categorized as acute or chronic. Acute pyelonephritis is referred to as an active bacterial infection of the kidneys while the chronic type is repeated infection in the upper urinary tract caused by structural deformities, obstruction, reflux, or urinary stasis. […] Patients with mild symptoms are treated with antibiotics for 7 to 14 days in an outpatient setting while patients with severe symptoms require hospitalization and IV antibiotic therapy. Surgical interventions like pyelolithotomy, nephrectomy (for severe cases), or ureteral diversion may be indicated to correct structural issues, drain abscesses, or remove an obstruction.

• #22

  https://www.laparoscopyhospital.com/forum/forum.php?p=&cat_id=&tid=3526

  Kidney infections are typically treated with antibiotics to eliminate the bacterial infection. Commonly prescribed antibiotics for kidney infections include ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. […] In addition to antibiotics, you may also be advised to: Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help flush bacteria out of your urinary system and promote healing. […] When you have a kidney infection, it’s important to take care of yourself and avoid certain activities and foods that can aggravate your condition. […] Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help flush out bacteria from your urinary tract. […] Avoid Alcohol and Caffeine: These can irritate your bladder and worsen your symptoms. […] Limit Sodium Intake: Too much salt can increase your blood pressure and worsen kidney function.

• #23 Kidney infection – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353393

  To check for a kidney infection, you may be asked to provide a urine sample to test for bacteria, blood or pus in your urine. Your health care provider might also take a blood sample for a culture. A culture is a lab test that checks for bacteria or other organisms in your blood. […] Antibiotics are the first line of treatment for kidney infections. The drugs used and the length of time of the treatment depend on your health and the bacteria found in your urine tests. […] Symptoms of a kidney infection often begin to clear up within a few days of treatment. But you might need to continue antibiotics for a week or longer. Finish taking the full course of antibiotics even if you start feeling better. […] If your kidney infection is severe, you may need to go to the hospital. Treatment might include antibiotics and fluids through a vein in your arm. How long you’ll stay in the hospital depends on how severe your infection is.

• #24 Kidney infection

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-infection/

  A kidney infection can be serious if it’s not treated. […] The main treatment for a kidney infection is antibiotic tablets, which you’ll usually take for 7 to 14 days. […] If you have a long-term health condition, or you’re pregnant, you may need to go to hospital to have antibiotics through a drip. […] In hospital, you’ll have regular blood and urine tests to check your health and to make sure the antibiotics are working. […] There are some things you can try to ease kidney infection symptoms while you’re having treatment. […] Drink lots of fluids, such as water or squash take small sips if you feel sick. […] Take paracetamol to reduce a high temperature and relieve pain. […] Always try to fully empty your bladder when you pee. […] Do not take ibuprofen unless advised by a doctor it may increase your risk of further kidney problems. […] A kidney infection is often caused by cystitis, another type of UTI.

• #25

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12428

  A kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a type of urinary tract infection, or UTI. Most UTIs are bladder infections. Kidney infections tend to make people much sicker than bladder infections do. A kidney infection is also more serious because it can cause lasting damage if it is not treated quickly. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] Drink plenty of water. This may help wash out bacteria that are causing the infection. If you have kidney, heart, or liver disease and have to limit fluids, talk with your doctor before you increase the amount of fluids you drink.

• #26 Signs of a Kidney Infection: When to Go to the Hospital

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/kidney-infection-when-to-go-to-the-hospital-7511488

  Although many lower UTIs will clear on their own, upper UTIs like pyelonephritis are less likely to do so and may turn serious quickly. […] Given that acute pyelonephritis develops rapidly, it is important to seek immediate care if you develop symptoms. […] Certain people with pyelonephritis may need to be hospitalized even if their symptoms do not seem critical. This is because the risk of complications is high. […] Hospitalization may be needed if you have a severe kidney infection and you: Are an older adult, Are pregnant and have a fever or other illness, Have kidney stones or a urinary tract abnormality, Recently had urinary tract surgery, Have cancer, uncontrolled diabetes, neurogenic bladder, or other medical concerns, Failed antibiotic treatment at home. […] For uncomplicated pyelonephritis, the standard treatment is a short course of oral antibiotics taken by mouth.

• #27 Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0801/p173.html

  Choice of antibiotic is informed by the clinical presentation, the patient’s individual risk factors, and local resistance patterns. […] Hospitalized patients should initially receive parenteral antibiotic therapy; empiric options are listed in Table 6. […] Urgent decompression is recommended in patients with acute pyelonephritis and urinary tract obstruction identified on imaging. […] Because of the increased risk of serious complications, pregnant patients with pyelonephritis should be admitted to the hospital for initial parenteral antibiotic therapy and monitoring.

• #28

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/kidney-infection/treatment/

  Your GP may refer you to hospital if you have an underlying problem that makes you vulnerable to kidney infections. […] Most children with a kidney infection will be treated in hospital. […] If you’re admitted to hospital with a kidney infection, you’ll be attached to a drip. This is to give you fluids to keep you hydrated. Antibiotics can also be given through the drip. […] You’ll have regular blood and urine tests. This is to check your health and how the antibiotics are fighting off the infection. […] Most people respond well to treatment. You should be well enough to leave hospital in 3 to 7 days.

• #29 Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0801/p173.html

  Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney and renal pelvis and should be suspected in patients with flank pain and laboratory evidence of urinary tract infection. […] Outpatient management is appropriate in patients who have uncomplicated disease and can tolerate oral therapy. […] Patients admitted to the hospital should receive parenteral antibiotic therapy, and those with sepsis or risk of infection with a multidrug-resistant organism should receive antibiotics with activity against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms. […] Pregnant patients with pyelonephritis are at significantly elevated risk of severe complications and should be admitted and treated initially with parenteral therapy. […] All patients should receive supportive care, as appropriate, with oral or intravenous fluid hydration, analgesics, antipyretics, and antiemetic medications.

• #30 Kidney infection symptoms, common causes & treatments | GoHealth Urgent Care

  https://www.gohealthuc.com/library/kidney-infection-causes

  After starting antibiotics, you can help alleviate kidney infection pain by taking over-the-counter pain medication. […] Although UTIs and kidney infections aren’t 100 percent preventable, there are several things you can do to reduce your risk: Regularly drink plenty of water to help flush your urinary tract. […] If you think you may have a UTI or kidney infection, visit your nearest urgent care, we’re a team of healthcare professionals who can help diagnose and treat your symptoms.

• #31 Kidney Infection: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/kidney-urinary-tract/kidney-infection-pyelonephritis

  A kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is an unpleasant illness which is sometimes serious. Treatment usually involves medicines called antibiotics and also painkillers. If the kidney was previously healthy then you are likely to make a full recovery. Complications occur in some cases. Complications include kidney damage or a spread of infection around the body (sepsis). […] A simple test that your doctor can do is called a dipstick urine test. This involves testing a sample of your urine with a special testing strip to look for signs of infection. This test will show if a kidney infection is likely or not. […] Antibiotics will usually clear the infection. Commonly used antibiotics for kidney infections include cefalexin, co-amoxiclav or trimethoprim. […] Painkillers such as paracetamol can ease pain and reduce a high temperature (fever). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers such as ibuprofen are not usually recommended for a person with a kidney infection. This is because they may possibly cause problems with the working of the kidney during a kidney infection.

• #32 Pyelonephritis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pyelonephritis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses support patients with pyelonephritis by providing accurate information about individualized treatment plans including medications, nutrition, and fluid therapies. Nurses are vital in educating patients on how to prevent a recurrence of pyelonephritis. […] Once the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses for pyelonephritis, nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care. […] The most distinctive symptoms of acute pyelonephritis include pain in the back or flank area. The patient may describe suprapubic symptoms of heaviness, pressure, or discomfort. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain […] Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Fluid Volume […] Pyelonephritis is caused by bacteria that trigger infection and inflammation in the kidneys. As a compensatory mechanism, the kidneys tend to produce more urine which can cause deficient fluid volume and dehydration.

• #33 UTI: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/urinary-tract-infection/?srsltid=AfmBOor3lrkmCcXE5bjyDoQoyoY5i80fFd9ltcduq04rcJT-zYtFtnvP

  Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the adult patient as well as a review of common inflammatory conditions and disorders of the urinary tract. […] Nursing assessment should include assessment of the urine for: Clarity and color, Foul smell, Blood. […] Nursing diagnoses used for acute UTI include: Pain related to inflammation of the urinary tract, Infection related to urinary retention as evidenced by positive urine culture result, Impaired urinary elimination related to UTI as evidence by patient reports of dysuria, frequency, and urgency. […] Medication should be given as ordered and observed for effectiveness and adverse reaction or complications. Adequate fluid intake should be encouraged including IV fluids as ordered. Some other nursing interventions provided may be: Administer pain medication and/or antispasmodic agents, Encourage frequent voiding, Avoid irritants such as caffeine, Perform labs as ordered, Vital signs, Monitor Intake and output.

• #34 Pyelonephritis: Management and Treatment – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/pyelonephritis-management-and-treatment/

  It is important to assess patients for signs of hypovolemia and dehydration that are associated with excess production of urine because of bacterial infection and inflammation of the kidneys. […] Patients must be assessed for fluid volume deficits, which can manifest in their vital signs. These may include tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, hypothermia, or hyperthermia. This can help monitor patients for sepsis. […] It is important to offer patient education as this may aid in the prevention or recurrence of pyelonephritis. Key educational points include: Counsel patients on preventing urinary tract infections by stressing the importance of completing the prescribed antibiotic regimens.

• #35 Pyelonephritis: Management and Treatment – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/pyelonephritis-management-and-treatment/

  It is important to assess patients for signs of hypovolemia and dehydration that are associated with excess production of urine because of bacterial infection and inflammation of the kidneys. […] Patients must be assessed for fluid volume deficits, which can manifest in their vital signs. These may include tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, hypothermia, or hyperthermia. This can help monitor patients for sepsis. […] It is important to offer patient education as this may aid in the prevention or recurrence of pyelonephritis. Key educational points include: Counsel patients on preventing urinary tract infections by stressing the importance of completing the prescribed antibiotic regimens.

• #36 Pyelonephritis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pyelonephritis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses support patients with pyelonephritis by providing accurate information about individualized treatment plans including medications, nutrition, and fluid therapies. Nurses are vital in educating patients on how to prevent a recurrence of pyelonephritis. […] Once the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses for pyelonephritis, nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care. […] The most distinctive symptoms of acute pyelonephritis include pain in the back or flank area. The patient may describe suprapubic symptoms of heaviness, pressure, or discomfort. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain […] Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Fluid Volume […] Pyelonephritis is caused by bacteria that trigger infection and inflammation in the kidneys. As a compensatory mechanism, the kidneys tend to produce more urine which can cause deficient fluid volume and dehydration.

• #37 Pyelonephritis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pyelonephritis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nursing Diagnosis: Hyperthermia […] Fever or hyperthermia is a common symptom of pyelonephritis. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Urinary Elimination […] Impaired urinary elimination can be a result of sensory impairment, physical abnormality, or a secondary cause of another disorder. This can happen in patients with pyelonephritis due to symptoms of the condition such as frequent urination, a strong, persistent urge to urinate, and urinary hesitancy. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Electrolyte Imbalance […] Kidney problems like pyelonephritis cause a decline in kidney function and increase the risk of developing electrolyte imbalances. Symptoms of the disease, including diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and frequent urination, also contribute to electrolyte abnormalities.

• #38 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) – 4 Nursing Diagnosis Interventions | PDF | Urinary Tract Infection | Urinary System

  https://www.scribd.com/document/353231424/Urinary-Tract-Infection-UTI-4-Nursing-Diagnosis-Interventions

  The document summarizes 4 potential nursing diagnoses for a patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) – acute pain, impaired urinary elimination, disturbed sleep pattern, and hyperthermia […] For acute pain, interventions include monitoring symptoms and providing pain relief. […] For impaired urinary elimination, interventions focus on fluid intake and urination patterns. […] For disturbed sleep, interventions aim to improve sleep habits and comfort. […] For hyperthermia, interventions include monitoring vital signs and using antipyretics to control fever.

• #39 Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568701/

  Nursing Management […] – Assess the symptoms of UTI […] – Encourage patient to drink fluids […] – Administer antibiotic as ordered […] – Encourage patient to void frequently […] – Educate patient on proper wiping (from front to the back) […] – Educate patient on drinking acidic juices which help deter growth of bacteria […] – Take antibiotics as prescribed […] – Void as soon as possible after sexual intercourse […] Outcome Identification […] The majority of women with a UTI have an excellent outcome. Following treatment with an antibiotic, the duration of symptoms is 2-4 days. Unfortunately, nearly 30% of women will have a recurrence of the infection. Morbidity is usually seen in older debilitated patients, those with renal calculi and in patients. Other factors linked to recurrence include the presence of diabetes, underlying malignancy, chemotherapy and chronic catheterization of the bladder. The mortality after a UTI is close to zero, but the infection does have a significant impact on finance. Women often have to miss work, see the physician and purchase the antibiotic.

• #40 7 Urinary Tract Infection Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/urinary-tract-infection-nursing-care-plans/

  Encourage the client to increase oral fluid intake unless contraindicated. Increasing fluid intake to 2 to 3 liters per day helps facilitate urine production, dilutes urine, reduces irritation of the inflamed bladder, promotes renal blood flow, and flushes bacteria from the urinary tract. […] Stress the importance of completing the antibiotic therapy. Even if the symptoms disappear, the client should finish the prescribed duration of the antibiotic therapy. Unable to do so may result in reinfection. […] Educate the client about hygienic measures (showering rather than bathing in a tub). Bacteria in the bath water may enter the urethra. Baths should be avoided in favor of showers. Women have shorter urethras than men, which further contributes to their increased susceptibility to UTIs. […] Promote adequate perineal hygiene after a bowel movement. This will help in preventing the migration of the pathogen in the urethral opening and, in women, the vaginal opening. After urination, women should wipe from front to back, not from the anal area forward, which seems to drag pathogenic organisms nearer to the urethra.

• #41 8.8 Pyelonephritis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/8-8-pyelonephritis/

  Nurses provide health teaching on several topics related to pyelonephritis in terms of self-management and health promotion. Emphasize the importance of completing the full course of prescribed antibiotics to completely eradicate the infection and prevent recurrent infections that could lead to chronic kidney disease. Encourage hydration by drinking plenty of water to maintain adequate urinary flow and flush out bacteria. Explain the importance of regular and complete emptying of the bladder to prevent UTIs. Provide guidance on lifestyle changes such as maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding excessive salt intake, and avoiding habits detrimental to kidney health, such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

• #42 UTI: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/urinary-tract-infection/?srsltid=AfmBOor3lrkmCcXE5bjyDoQoyoY5i80fFd9ltcduq04rcJT-zYtFtnvP

  Verbalizes decrease or absence of urinary symptoms, Returns to prior level of functioning, Verbalizes a decrease in pain. […] Condition, treatment, and expected outcomes, Drink at least 64 ounces of fluids daily, Empty bladder frequently, Empty bladder as soon as possible after intercourse, Wipe front to back, Avoid tight-fitting clothes, Avoid the use of a diaphragm, unlubricated condoms, or spermicidal jelly, Cleanse the genital area before sex, Keep genital area dry by wearing cotton underwear, Avoid irritating feminine products, Choose showers over baths, Medication regimen, Recommended follow-up with healthcare provider, Notify healthcare provider or seek immediate medical care for: Continued symptoms after antibiotic use.

• #43 Pyelonephritis: Management and Treatment – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/pyelonephritis-management-and-treatment/

  Complicated acute pyelonephritis can result from abnormal anatomic structures and functional abnormalities of the urinary tract system accompanied by complicated UTIs. […] The following are risk factors that lead to the development of a kidney infection: Sexually active young women (most at risk), Pregnancy, Age Infants and those 60 years and older, Immunocompromised patients, Metabolic conditions or health conditions: Diabetes, organ transplant, sickle cell disease. […] The signs and symptoms of acute pyelonephritis can resemble those associated with a lower urinary tract infection (UTI). The hallmark symptoms of pyelonephritis are flank pain, fever, and chills. […] Acute pyelonephritis can lead to serious health complications that can be life-threatening. Complications of acute pyelonephritis can include septic shock, renal abscess, and permanent parenchymal destruction due to the inflammatory response that results in scarring and potential loss of kidney function.

• #44

  https://www.everlywell.com/blog/virtual-care/kidney-infection-vs-uti/?srsltid=AfmBOoqj2oR7kdwwyQlDjpBRFAyd_ln0Z4JGeHDvWQxje4YTxLJYPHvA

  Kidney infections are a more serious type of UTI that progresses from an infection of the lower urinary tract, up to the kidneys. Kidney infection symptoms can be much more uncomfortable and require prompt medical intervention to assess and treat. If neglected, a kidney infection can lead to severe health complications. […] Most kidney infections progress from a lower UTI that has not yet been treated or has not responded well to treatment. In other circumstances, a kidney infection can result from: A viral infection; Another infection in the body that has penetrated the bloodstream and spread to the kidneys. […] If you notice any of these symptoms, its important to reach out to your healthcare provider as soon as possible to begin a course of treatment. Left untreated, kidney infections can lead to: Hypertension; Sepsis; Kidney scarring or structural damage; Chronic kidney disease; Kidney failure.

• #45 Kidney infection symptoms, common causes & treatments | GoHealth Urgent Care

  https://www.gohealthuc.com/library/kidney-infection-causes

  If you have abdominal or side pain with a strong, persistent urge to urinate and are experiencing pain during urination, you may have a kidney infection. […] A kidney infection, which is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI), generally begins in your urethra (the tube that carries urine from your body) or bladder and travels to one or both kidneys. […] If left untreated, a kidney infection can lead to serious health complications, including kidney damage (and failure) or a life-threatening condition called sepsis. […] To determine if you have a kidney infection, a doctor will analyze a sample of your urine. If you test positive for a kidney infection diagnosis, you’ll be prescribed antibiotics and, in some cases, a medication that helps relieve pain with urination. […] People with severe kidney infections may need to be hospitalized to receive antibiotics and fluids intravenously.

• #46 Kidney infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353387

  A kidney infection is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI). A kidney infection needs prompt medical treatment. If not treated properly, an infection can cause lasting damage to the kidneys. Kidney infection treatment often includes antibiotics, which might be given in the hospital. […] Make an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of a kidney infection. A severe kidney infection can lead to dangerous complications. Seek medical care right away if you have kidney infection symptoms and bloody urine or nausea and vomiting. […] Reduce your risk of kidney infection by taking steps to prevent urinary tract infections. Women in particular may lower the risk of urinary tract infections if they: Drink fluids, especially water. Urinate as soon as you need to. Empty the bladder after sexual intercourse. Wipe carefully. Avoid using products in the genital area.

• #47 Kidney Infection | Manchester Urology Associates, PA

  https://www.manchesterurology.com/patient-education/kidney-infection/

  There are several steps a person can take to reduce their risk for UTIs and kidney infections: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water. Drinking fluids helps flush bacteria out of the urinary system. […] Don’t hold urine for too long. Try to urinate every 3 to 4 hours so that urine and bacteria don’t remain in the bladder. […] Urinate after sex. Bacteria can enter the urethra through sexual activity. Urinating afterward may eliminate some of it. […] Wipe from front to back. After a bowel movement, women should wipe from the front of their body to the back, toward the anus. Wiping in this direction moves bacteria away from the urethra. […] Change birth control methods. Women who use spermicides or spermicide-lubricated condoms could be at higher risk for UTIs.

• #48 Kidney Infection – Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/urinary-tract-infections-utis/kidney-infection

  Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of one or both kidneys. […] Antibiotics are given to treat the infection. […] Antibodies are started as soon as the doctor suspects pyelonephritis and samples have been taken for laboratory tests. […] Outpatient treatment with antibiotics given by mouth is usually successful if the person has no nausea or vomiting, no signs of dehydration, no other disorders that weaken the immune system, no signs of very severe infection, and pain that is controlled with pain medications taken by mouth. […] Antibiotic treatment of pyelonephritis is given for 5 to 14 days so that infection will not recur. […] People who have frequent episodes of pyelonephritis or whose infection returns after antibiotic treatment is finished may be advised to take a small dose of antibiotic on a long-term basis to prevent recurrent infection.

• #49 Kidney Infections: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-infections-symptoms-and-treatments

  A kidney infection, also called pyelonephritis, is when bacteria or viruses cause problems in one or both of your kidneys. It’s a type of urinary tract infection (UTI). […] If the bad bacteria or viruses travel up your ureters, you can get a kidney infection. If you don’t get it treated, it can cause life-threatening problems. […] Symptoms of a kidney infection include: Dark, cloudy, or bloody pee, Pee that smells bad, Fever and chills, Loss of appetite, Needing to pee a lot, Feeling pain when you pee, Pain in your lower back, side, or groin, Upset stomach, nausea, and vomiting. […] Kidney infections usually start with a bladder infection that spreads to your kidney. Bacteria called Escherichia coli are most often the cause. […] You’re more likely to get a bladder and kidney infection if you’re pregnant. This is because of hormone changes and because your baby puts pressure on your bladder and ureters and slows the flow of urine.

• #50 Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults: Rapid Evidence Review | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0801/p173.html

  Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney and renal pelvis and should be suspected in patients with flank pain and laboratory evidence of urinary tract infection. […] Outpatient management is appropriate in patients who have uncomplicated disease and can tolerate oral therapy. […] Patients admitted to the hospital should receive parenteral antibiotic therapy, and those with sepsis or risk of infection with a multidrug-resistant organism should receive antibiotics with activity against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms. […] Pregnant patients with pyelonephritis are at significantly elevated risk of severe complications and should be admitted and treated initially with parenteral therapy. […] All patients should receive supportive care, as appropriate, with oral or intravenous fluid hydration, analgesics, antipyretics, and antiemetic medications.

• #51 Bladder and Kidney Infections After Childbirth – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/postpartum-care/bladder-and-kidney-infections-after-childbirth

  A kidney infection (pyelonephritis) can occur if bacteria spread from the bladder to the kidney after delivery. […] Bladder and kidney infections may cause painful or frequent urination and sometimes fever. […] Typically, women are given an antibiotic intravenously for a kidney infection or by mouth for a bladder infection. […] Kidney infections may cause pain in the lower back or side and a general feeling of illness or discomfort. […] The diagnosis of bladder and kidney infections is based on testing a urine sample. […] If a kidney infection is suspected, antibiotics (such as ceftriaxone alone or ampicillin plus gentamicin) are given until the woman has had no fever for 48 hours. […] Drinking plenty of fluids helps keep the kidneys functioning well and flushes bacteria out of the urinary tract.

• #52 Signs of a Kidney Infection: When to Go to the Hospital

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/kidney-infection-when-to-go-to-the-hospital-7511488

  Although many lower UTIs will clear on their own, upper UTIs like pyelonephritis are less likely to do so and may turn serious quickly. […] Given that acute pyelonephritis develops rapidly, it is important to seek immediate care if you develop symptoms. […] Certain people with pyelonephritis may need to be hospitalized even if their symptoms do not seem critical. This is because the risk of complications is high. […] Hospitalization may be needed if you have a severe kidney infection and you: Are an older adult, Are pregnant and have a fever or other illness, Have kidney stones or a urinary tract abnormality, Recently had urinary tract surgery, Have cancer, uncontrolled diabetes, neurogenic bladder, or other medical concerns, Failed antibiotic treatment at home. […] For uncomplicated pyelonephritis, the standard treatment is a short course of oral antibiotics taken by mouth.

• #53 Pyelonephritis: Management and Treatment – Nursing CE Central

  https://nursingcecentral.com/lessons/pyelonephritis-management-and-treatment/

  Complicated acute pyelonephritis can result from abnormal anatomic structures and functional abnormalities of the urinary tract system accompanied by complicated UTIs. […] The following are risk factors that lead to the development of a kidney infection: Sexually active young women (most at risk), Pregnancy, Age Infants and those 60 years and older, Immunocompromised patients, Metabolic conditions or health conditions: Diabetes, organ transplant, sickle cell disease. […] The signs and symptoms of acute pyelonephritis can resemble those associated with a lower urinary tract infection (UTI). The hallmark symptoms of pyelonephritis are flank pain, fever, and chills. […] Acute pyelonephritis can lead to serious health complications that can be life-threatening. Complications of acute pyelonephritis can include septic shock, renal abscess, and permanent parenchymal destruction due to the inflammatory response that results in scarring and potential loss of kidney function.

• #54

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=tw12428

  A kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a type of urinary tract infection, or UTI. Most UTIs are bladder infections. Kidney infections tend to make people much sicker than bladder infections do. A kidney infection is also more serious because it can cause lasting damage if it is not treated quickly. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics. […] Drink plenty of water. This may help wash out bacteria that are causing the infection. If you have kidney, heart, or liver disease and have to limit fluids, talk with your doctor before you increase the amount of fluids you drink.

• #55 Discharge Instructions for Pyelonephritis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/discharge-instructions-pyelonephritis

  You have been told you have a kidney infection. This is called pyelonephritis. The infection can be serious. It can damage your kidneys and cause bacteria to enter your bloodstream. […] Take all the medicine you were prescribed, even if you feel better. Not finishing the medicine can make the infection come back. It may also make a future infection harder to treat. […] Unless told not to by your healthcare provider, drink 8 to 12 glasses of fluid every day. Clear fluids, such as water, are best. This may help flush the infection from your system. […] Follow up with your healthcare provider, or as advised. And see your healthcare provider for regular lab tests as directed. […] Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the following: Decreased urine output or trouble urinating […] Severe pain in the lower back or flank […] Fever of 100.4F (38C) or higher, or as directed by your healthcare provider […] Blood in your urine […] Dark-colored or foul-smelling urine.

• #56 Kidney Infection: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.kidney-infection-care-instructions.tw12428

  Urinate often. Try to empty your bladder each time. […] To relieve pain, take a hot shower or lay a heating pad (set on low) over your lower belly. Never go to sleep with a heating pad in place. Put a thin cloth between the heating pad and your skin. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have symptoms that a kidney infection is getting worse. These may include: Pain or burning when you urinate. A frequent need to urinate without being able to pass much urine. Pain in the flank, which is just below the rib cage and above the waist on either side of the back. Blood in the urine. A fever. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #57 Pyelonephritis: Nursing Diagnoses & Care Plans | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/pyelonephritis-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses support patients with pyelonephritis by providing accurate information about individualized treatment plans including medications, nutrition, and fluid therapies. Nurses are vital in educating patients on how to prevent a recurrence of pyelonephritis. […] Once the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses for pyelonephritis, nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care. […] The most distinctive symptoms of acute pyelonephritis include pain in the back or flank area. The patient may describe suprapubic symptoms of heaviness, pressure, or discomfort. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain […] Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Fluid Volume […] Pyelonephritis is caused by bacteria that trigger infection and inflammation in the kidneys. As a compensatory mechanism, the kidneys tend to produce more urine which can cause deficient fluid volume and dehydration.

• #58 7 Urinary Tract Infection Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/urinary-tract-infection-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with urinary tract infection. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment, interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis, all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing urinary tract infections. […] The focus of this nursing care plan for urinary tract infections includes nursing interventions to relieve pain and discomfort, increase the clients knowledge about the preventive measures and treatment regimen, and manage potential complications. The nurse aims to ensure that the patient receives appropriate treatment and follow-up care to address the infection and prevent future occurrences. […] Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will use pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain relief strategies. The client will report satisfactory pain control at a level of less than 3 to 4 on a scale of 0 to 10. The client will report the absence of pain. The client will achieve a normal urinary elimination pattern, as evidenced by the absence of signs of urinary disorders (urgency, oliguria, dysuria). The client will demonstrate behavioral techniques to prevent urinary infections. The client will empty the bladder completely and regularly, voluntarily or by catheter, as appropriate. The client will maintain a core temperature within the normal range. The client will be free of chills and experience no associated complications. The client will verbalize knowledge of the causes and treatment of UTI, control risk factors, and complete medical treatment of UTI.

• #59 Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568701/

  Coordination of Care […] UTI is best managed in a multidisciplinary fashion, and besides physicians, most nurses will encounter a patient with a UTI. The key to preventing recurrences is the education of the patient. Once a UTI has been diagnosed the patient should drink more fluids. Sexually active women should try to void right after sexual intercourse as this can help flush the bacteria out of the bladder. Some women with recurrent UTIs may benefit from prophylactic use of antibiotics. Several other non-medical remedies may help some women with UTI. Anecdotal reports indicate that the use of cranberry juice and probiotics may help reduce the severity and frequency of UTI in some women.

• #60 8.8 Pyelonephritis – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/8-8-pyelonephritis/

  Nurses provide health teaching on several topics related to pyelonephritis in terms of self-management and health promotion. Emphasize the importance of completing the full course of prescribed antibiotics to completely eradicate the infection and prevent recurrent infections that could lead to chronic kidney disease. Encourage hydration by drinking plenty of water to maintain adequate urinary flow and flush out bacteria. Explain the importance of regular and complete emptying of the bladder to prevent UTIs. Provide guidance on lifestyle changes such as maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding excessive salt intake, and avoiding habits detrimental to kidney health, such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

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